#woody_plant__woodyplant__ligneous_plant  a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
  supertype:  #vascular_plant__tracheophyte  green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
  substance:  #lignum
  part:  #xylem
  subtype:  #bugbane  a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects
     subtype:  #American_bugbane__summer_cohosh__Cimicifuga_americana  bugbane of the eastern United States having erect racemes of white flowers
     subtype:  #black_cohosh__blackcohosh__black_snakeroot__rattletop__cimicifugaracemosa  North American bugbane found from Main and Ontario to Wisconsin and south to Georgia
     subtype:  #fetid_bugbane__fetidbugbane__foetid_bugbane__Cimicifuga_foetida  bugbane of Siberia and eastern Asia having ill-smelling green-white flowers
  subtype:  #melilotus__melilotu__melilot__sweet_clover__sweetclover  erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement
     subtype:  #white_sweet_clover__whitesweetclover__white_melilot__whitemelilot__Melilotus_alba  biennial plant; valuable honey plant
     subtype:  #yellow_sweet_clover__Melilotus_officinalis  biennial yellow-flowered Eurasian plant having aromatic leaves used as carminative or flavoring agent; widely cultivated especially as green manure or cover crop
  subtype:  #aralia  any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers
  subtype:  #combretum  any of numerous shrubs or small trees of the genus Combretum having spikes of small flowers
  subtype:  #traveler's_tree__traveller's_tree__traveller'stree__ravenala__Ravenala_madagascariensis  giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers
  subtype:  #Queensland_grass-cloth_plant__Pipturus_argenteus  Australian plant of genus Pipturus whose fiber is used in making cloth
  subtype:  #milk_vetch  any of various plants of the genus Astragalus
     subtype:  #Astragalus_glycyphyllos__wild_licorice__wild_liquorice  European perennial
     subtype:  #alpine_milk_vetch__Astragalus_alpinus  perennial of mountainous areas of Eurasia and North America
     subtype:  #purple_milk_vetch__Astragalus_danicus  perennial of southern and western Europe having dense racemes of purple or violet flowers
  subtype:  #wild_indigo__false_indigo__falseindigo  any of several plants of the genus Baptisia
     subtype:  #blue_false_indigo__Baptisia_australis  wild indigo of the eastern United States having racemes of blue flowers
     subtype:  #white_false_indigo__whitefalseindigo__Baptisia_lactea  erect or spreading herb having racemes of creamy white flowers; the eastern United States
     subtype:  #indigo_broom__horsefly_weed__rattle_weed__Baptisia_tinctoria  much-branched erect herb with bright yellow flowers; distributed from Massachusetts to Florida
  subtype:  #bush_clover__lespedeza  shrubby or herbaceous plants widely used for forage, soil improvement, and especially hay in southern United States
     subtype:  #bicolor_lespediza__bicolorlespediza__ezo-yama-hagi__Lespedeza_bicolor  Asian shrub having conspicuous racemose rose-purple flowers widely used as an ornamental and in erosion control and as a source of wild-bird feed
     subtype:  #japanese_clover__japan_clover__japanclover__jap_clover__japclover__Lespedeza_striata  an annual of tropical Asia naturalized in United States
     subtype:  #Korean_lespedeza__Lespedeza_stipulacea  annual native to Korea but widely cultivated for forage and hay in hot dry regions
     subtype:  #sericea_lespedeza__sericealespedeza__Lespedeza_sericea__Lespedeza_cuneata  perennial widely planted as for forage and as hay crop especially on poor land
  subtype:  #lupine__lupin  any plant of the genus Lupin; bearing erect spikes of usually purplish-blue flowers
     subtype:  #white_lupine__whitelupine__field_lupine__fieldlupine__wolf_bean__Egyptian_lupine__Lupinus_albus  white-flowered Eurasian herb widely cultivated for forage and erosion control
     subtype:  #yellow_lupine__Lupinus_luteus  yellow-flowered European lupine cultivated for forage
     subtype:  #bluebonnet__buffalo_clover__buffaloclover__Texas_bluebonnet__Lupinus_subcarnosus  low-growing annual herb of southwestern United States (Texas) having silky foliage and blue flowers
     subtype:  #Texas_bluebonnet__Lupinus_texensis  closely resembles Lupinus subcarnosus; southwestern United States (Texas)
  subtype:  #bignoniad  any woody plant of the family Bignoniaceae
  subtype:  #gesneriad  any of numerous tropical or subtropical small shrubs or treelets or epiphytic vines of the family Gesneriaceae: African violet; Cape primroses; gloxinia
  subtype:  #figwort  any of numerous tall coarse woodland plants of the genus Scrophularia
  subtype:  #nightshade  any of numerous shrubs or herbs or vines of the genus Solanum; most are poisonous though many bear edible fruit
     subtype:  #kangaroo_apple__poroporo__Solanum_aviculare  Australian annual sometimes cultivated for its racemes of purple flowers and edible yellow egg-shaped fruit
     subtype:  #horse_nettle__horsenettle__ball_nettle__bull_nettle__ball_nightshade__Solanum_carolinense  coarse prickly weed having pale yellow flowers and yellow berrylike fruit; common throughout southern and eastern United States
     subtype:  #bittersweet_nightshade__bittersweetnightshade__bittersweet__climbing_nightshade__deadly_nightshade__poisonous_nightshade__poisonousnightshade__woody_nightshade__woodynightshade__Solanum_dulcamara  poisonous perennial Old World vine having violet flowers and oval coral-red berries; widespread weed in North America
     subtype:  #trompillo__white_horse_nettle__whitehorsenettle__prairie_berry__purple_nightshade__silverleaf_nightshade__silver-leaved_nightshade__silver-leaved_nettle__Solanum_elaeagnifolium  weedy nightshade with silvery foliage and violet or blue or white flowers; roundish berry widely used to curdle milk; central United States to South America
     subtype:  #African_holly__Solanum_giganteum  woolly-stemmed biennial arborescent shrub of tropical Africa and southern Asia having silvery-white prickly branches, clusters of blue or white flowers, and bright red berries resembling holly berries
     subtype:  #black_nightshade__blacknightshade__common_nightshade__poisonberry__Solanum_nigrum  Eurasian herb naturalized in America having white flowers and poisonous hairy foliage and bearing black berries that are sometimes poisonous but sometimes edible
        subtype:  #garden_huckleberry__wonderberry__sunberry__Solanum_nigrum_guineese__Solanum_melanocerasum__Solanum_burbankii  improved garden variety of black nightshade having small edible orange or black berries
     subtype:  #Jerusalem_cherry__winter_cherry__Madeira_winter_cherry__Solanum_pseudocapsicum  small South American shrub cultivated as a houseplant for its abundant ornamental but poisonous red or yellow cherry-sized fruit
     subtype:  #buffalo_bur__Solanum_rostratum  North American nightshade with with prickly foliage and racemose yellow flowers
  subtype:  #lignosae  a category in some early taxonomies
  subtype:  #arborescent_plant__arborescentplant  having the shape or characteristics of a tree
     subtype:  #Australian_grass_tree__grass_tree__grasstree  any of several Australian evergreen perennials having short thick woody stems crowned by a tuft of grasslike foliage and yielding acaroid resins
  subtype:  #tree  a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
     subtype:  #yellowwood_tree__yellowwood  any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract
        subtype:  #gymnospermous_yellowwood__gymnospermousyellowwood  any of various gymnospermous trees having yellow wood
           subtype:  #South-African_yellowwood__Podocarpus_latifolius  erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark gray bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves
           subtype:  #common_yellowwood__bastard_yellowwood__bastardyellowwood__Afrocarpus_falcata  medium-sized tree of South Africa
        subtype:  #angiospermous_yellowwood__angiospermousyellowwood  any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood
           subtype:  #osage_orange__osageorange__bowwood__mockorange__Maclura_pomifera  small shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark green leaves and an inedible fruit that resembles an orange; its hard orange-colored wood used for bows by native Americans; frequently planted as boundary hedge
           subtype:  #Kentucky_yellowwood__gopherwood__Cladrastis_lutea__Cladrastis_kentukea__yellowwood  small handsome round-headed deciduous tree having showy white flowers in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye
           subtype:  #West_Indian_satinwood__satinwood__zanthoxylumflavum  West Indian tree with smooth lustrous and slightly oily wood
           subtype:  #Australian_sumac__Rhodosphaera_rhodanthema__Rhus_rhodanthema  evergreen of Australia yielding a dark yellow wood
           subtype:  #sweetleaf__Symplocus_tinctoria  small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye
     subtype:  #lancewood_tree__lancewoodtree__Oxandra_lanceolata  source of most of the lancewood of commerce
     subtype:  #Guinea_pepper__negro_pepper__negropepper__Xylopia_aethiopica  tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine
     subtype:  #anise_tree__anisetree  any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium
        subtype:  #purple_anise__Illicium_floridanum  small shrubby tree with purple flowers; found in wet soils of southeastern United States
        subtype:  #Illicium_anisatum__star_anise  small shrubby tree of Japan and Taiwan; flowers are not fragrant
        subtype:  #star_anise__Chinese_anise__Illicium_verum  small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative
     subtype:  #winter's_bark_tree__winter's_bark__Drimys_winteri  South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood
     subtype:  #zebrawood_tree__zebrawoodtree__zebrawood  any of various trees or shrubs having mottled or striped wood
        subtype:  #Connarus_guianensis  tropical American and east African tree with strikingly marked hardwood used in cabinetwork
        subtype:  #arariba__Centrolobium_robustum  Brazilian tree with handsomely marked wood
        subtype:  #Eugenia_dicrana__nakedwood  tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy close-grained zebrawood
        subtype:  #goncalo_alves__goncaloalve__Astronium_fraxinifolium  tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction
        subtype:  #marblewood  hard marbled wood
     subtype:  #granadilla_tree__granadillo__Brya_ebenus  West Indian tree yielding a fine grade of green ebony
     subtype:  #acacia  any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia
        subtype:  #shittah_tree__shittahtree__shittah  source of a wood mentioned frequently in the Bible; probably a species of Acacia
        subtype:  #black_wattle__blackwattle__Acacia_auriculiformis  Australian tree that yields tanning materials
        subtype:  #gidgee__stinking_wattle__Acacia_cambegei  scrubby Australian acacia having extremely foul-smelling blossoms
        subtype:  #Acacia_catechu__catechu__Jerusalem_thorn  East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu
        subtype:  #silver_wattle__mimosa__Acacia_dealbata  evergreen Australasian tree having white or silvery bark and young leaves and yellow flowers
        subtype:  #huisache__cassie__mimosa_bush__sweet_wattle__sweetwattle__sweet_acacia__sweetacacia__scented_wattle__scentedwattle__flame_tree__flametree__Acacia_farnesiana  tropical American thorny shrub or small tree; fragrant yellow flowers used in making perfumery
        subtype:  #golden_wattle__Acacia_pycnantha  shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
        subtype:  #Acacia_xanthophloea__fever_tree__fevertree  African tree supposed to mark healthful regions
     subtype:  #coralwood__red_sandalwood__redsandalwood__Barbados_pride__peacock_flower_fence__Adenanthera_pavonina  East Indian tree with racemes of yellow-white flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
     subtype:  #albizzia__albizia  any of numerous trees of the genus Albizia
        subtype:  #silk_tree__Albizia_julibrissin__Albizzia_julibrissin  attractive domed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens
        subtype:  #siris_tree__siristree__siris__siri__Albizia_lebbeck__Albizzia_lebbeck  large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind
        subtype:  #rain_tree__saman__monkey_pod__zaman__zamang__Albizia_saman  large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and sweet-pulp seed pods eaten by cattle
     subtype:  #conacaste__elephant's_ear__Enterolobium_cyclocarpa  tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber
     subtype:  #inga  any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals
     subtype:  #ice-cream_bean__icecreambean__Inga_edulis  ornamental evergreen tree with masses of white flowers; tropical and subtropical America
     subtype:  #guama__Inga_laurina  tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations
     subtype:  #lead_tree__white_popinac__whitepopinac__Leucaena_glauca__Leucaena_leucocephala  low scrubby tree of tropical and subtropical North America having white flowers tinged with yellow resembling mimosa and long flattened pods
     subtype:  #wild_tamarind__Lysiloma_latisiliqua__Lysiloma_bahamensis  a tree of the West Indies and Florida and Mexico; resembles tamarind and has long flat pods
     subtype:  #nitta_tree__nittatree  any of several Old World tropical trees of the genus Parkia having heads of red or yellow flowers followed by pods usually containing edible seeds and pulp
        subtype:  #Parkia_javanica  tall evergreen rain forest tree with wide-spreading crown having yellow-white flowers; grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens
     subtype:  #manila_tamarind__camachile__huamachil__wild_tamarind__Pithecellobium_dulce  common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum
     subtype:  #dita_bark__dita__devil_tree__deviltree__Alstonia_scholaris  evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally
     subtype:  #ivory_tree__ivorytree__conessi__kurchi__kurchee__Holarrhena_pubescens__Holarrhena_antidysenterica  tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea
     subtype:  #Meryta_sinclairii__puka  small round-headed New Zealand tree having large resinous leaves and panicles of green-white flowers
     subtype:  #cockspur__Pisonia_aculeata  small spiny West Indian tree
     subtype:  #screw_pine__screwpine__pandanus  any of various Old World tropical palmlike trees having huge prop roots and edible conelike fruits and leaves like pineapple leaves
        subtype:  #textile_screw_pine__textilescrewpine__lauhala__pandanustectoriu  Polynesian screw pine
     subtype:  #lacebark__ribbonwood__houhere__Hoheria_populnea  small tree or shrub of New Zealand having a profusion of axillary clusters of honey-scented paper-white flowers and whose bark is used for cordage
     subtype:  #ribbon_tree__ribbonwood__Plagianthus_regius__Plagianthus_betulinus  deciduous New Zealand tree whose inner bark yields a strong fiber that resembles flax and is called New Zealand cotton
     subtype:  #tulipwood_tree__tulipwoodtree  any of various trees yielding variously colored woods similar to true tulipwood
        subtype:  #portia_tree__bendy_tree__bendytree__seaside_mahoe__seasidemahoe__Thespesia_populnea  pantropical tree of usually seacoasts sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its rounded heart-shaped leaves and showy yellow and purple flowers; yields valuable pink to dark red close-grained wood and oil from its seeds
        subtype:  #harpullia  any of various tree of the genus Harpullia
           subtype:  #harpulla__Harpullia_cupanioides  fast-growing tree of India and East Indies yielding a wood used especially for building
           subtype:  #Moreton_Bay_tulipwood__Harpullia_pendula  Australian tree yielding a variegated tulipwood
     subtype:  #red_silk-cotton_tree__simal__Bombax_ceiba__Bombax_malabarica  East Indian silk cotton tree yielding fibers inferior to kapok
     subtype:  #Montezuma  evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae
     subtype:  #shaving-brush_tree__shavingbrushtree__Pseudobombax_ellipticum  tree of Mexico to Guatemala having densely hairy flowers with long narrow petals clustered at ends of branches before leaves appear
     subtype:  #silver_quandong_tree__quandong__quandong_tree__Brisbane_quandong__blue_fig__Elaeocarpus_grandis  Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit
     subtype:  #Jamaican_cherry__calabur_tree__calaburtree__silkwood__Muntingia_calabura  a fast-growing tropical American evergreen having white flowers and white fleshy edible fruit; bark yields a silky fiber used in cordage and wood is valuable for staves
     subtype:  #breakax__breakaxe__Sloanea_jamaicensis  West Indian timber tree having very hard wood
     subtype:  #bottletree  an Australian tree of the genus Brachychiton
        subtype:  #flame_durrajong__flamedurrajong__flame_tree__flametree__Brachychiton_acerifolius__Sterculia_acerifolia  south Australian tree having panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers
        subtype:  #broad-leaved_bottletree__flame_tree__flametree__Brachychiton_australis  north Australian tree having white flowers and broad leaves
        subtype:  #kurrajong__currajong__brachychitonpopulneu  widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood; foliage is an important emergency food for cattle
        subtype:  #Queensland_bottletree__narrow-leaved_bottletree__Brachychiton_rupestris__Sterculia_rupestris  large tree of Queensland Australia having cream-colored flowers blotched with red inside; sometimes placed in genus Sterculia
     subtype:  #Chinese_parasol_tree__Chinese_parasol__Japanese_varnish_tree__phoenix_tree__phoenixtree__firmianasimplex  deciduous tree widely grown in southern United States as an ornamental for its handsome maplelike foliage and long racemes of yellow-green flowers followed by curious leaflike pods
     subtype:  #mayeng__maple-leaved_bayur__Pterospermum_acerifolium  Indian tree having fragrant nocturnal white flowers and yielding a reddish wood used for planking; often grown as an ornamental or shade tree
     subtype:  #Tarrietia_argyrodendron__silver_tree  Australian timber tree
     subtype:  #obechi__obeche__arere__samba__Triplochiton_scleroxcylon  large west African tree having large palmately lobed leaves and axillary cymose panicles of small white flowers and one-winged seeds; yields soft white to pale yellow wood
     subtype:  #linden_tree__linden__basswood__lime__lime_tree  any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber
        subtype:  #American_basswood__American_lime__Tilia_americana  large American shade tree with large dark green leaves and rounded crown
        subtype:  #small-leaved_linden__small-leaved_lime__Tilia_cordata  large spreading European linden with small dark green leaves; often cultivated as an ornamental
        subtype:  #white_basswood__whitebasswood__cottonwood__Tilia_heterophylla  American basswood of the Allegheny region
        subtype:  #Japanese_linden__Japanese_lime__Tilia_japonica  medium-sized tree of Japan used as an ornamental
        subtype:  #silver_lime__silver_linden__Tilia_tomentosa  large tree native to eastern Europe and Asia Minor having leaves with white tomentum on the under side; widely cultivated as an ornamental
     subtype:  #silver_tree__Leucadendron_argenteum  small South African tree with long silvery silky foliage
     subtype:  #Orites_excelsa__prickly_ash__pricklyash  Australian tree having alternate simple leaves (when young they are pinnate with prickly toothed margins) and slender axillary spikes of white flowers
     subtype:  #wheel_tree__wheeltree__firewheel_tree__firewheeltree__Stenocarpus_sinuatus  eastern Australian tree widely cultivated as a shade tree and for its glossy leaves and circular clusters of showy red to orange-scarlet flowers
     subtype:  #scrub_beefwood__scrubbeefwood__beefwood__Stenocarpus_salignus  tree or tall shrub with shiny leaves and umbels of fragrant creamy-white flowers; yields hard heavy reddish wood
     subtype:  #casuarina  any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood
        subtype:  #she-oak__sheoak  any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina
        subtype:  #beefwood  any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork
           subtype:  #Australian_pine__Casuarina_equisetfolia  common Australian tree widely grown as an ornamental in tropical regions; yields heavy hard red wood
     subtype:  #beech_tree__beechtree__beech  any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth gray bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions
        subtype:  #common_beech__European_beech__Fagus_sylvatica  large European beech with minutely-toothed leaves; widely planted as an ornamental in North America
        subtype:  #copper_beech__purple_beech__Fagus_sylvatica_atropunicea__Fagus_purpurea__Fagus_sylvatica_purpurea  variety of European beech with shining purple or copper-colored leaves
        subtype:  #American_beech__white_beech__red_beech__redbeech__Fagus_grandifolia__Fagus_americana  North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts
        subtype:  #weeping_beech__weepingbeech__Fagus_pendula__Fagus_sylvatica_pendula  variety of European beech with pendulous limbs
        subtype:  #Japanese_beech  a beech native to Japan having soft light yellowish-brown wood
     subtype:  #chestnut_tree__chestnut  any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur
        subtype:  #American_chestnut__American_sweet_chestnut__Castanea_dentata  large tree found from Maine to Alabama
        subtype:  #European_chestnut__sweet_chestnut__sweetchestnut__Spanish_chestnut__Castanea_sativa  wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia
        subtype:  #Chinese_chestnut__Castanea_mollissima  a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and China
        subtype:  #Japanese_chestnut__Castanea_crenata  a spreading tree of Japan that has a short trunk
        subtype:  #Allegheny_chinkapin__eastern_chinquapin__easternchinquapin__chinquapin__dwarf_chestnut__dwarfchestnut__Castanea_pumila  shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having small edible nuts
        subtype:  #Ozark_chinkapin__Ozark_chinquapin__chinquapin__Castanea_ozarkensis  shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwest United States
     subtype:  #oak_chestnut__oakchestnut  a tree of the genus Castanopsis
     subtype:  #giant_chinkapin__giantchinkapin__golden_chinkapin__Chrysolepis_chrysophylla__Castanea_chrysophylla__Castanopsis_chrysophylla  small ornamental evergreen tree of Pacific Coast whose glossy yellow-green leaves are yellow beneath; bears edible nuts
     subtype:  #tanbark_oak__tanbarkoak__Lithocarpus_densiflorus  evergreen oak of the Pacific coast area having large leathery leaves; yields tanbark
        subtype:  #Lithocarpus_glabra__Japanese_oak__Lithocarpus_glaber  small evergreen tree of China and Japan
     subtype:  #southern_beech__evergreen_beech__evergreenbeech  any of various beeches of the southern hemisphere having small usually evergreen leaves
        subtype:  #myrtle_beech__Nothofagus_cuninghamii  large evergreen tree of Tasmania
        subtype:  #Coigue__Nothofagus_dombeyi  Chilean evergreen whose leafy boughs are used for thatching
        subtype:  #New-Zealand_beech  any of several tall New Zealand trees of the genus Nothofagus; some yield useful timber
           subtype:  #silver_beech__Nothofagus_menziesii  New Zealand beech with usually pale silvery bark
        subtype:  #roble_beech__roblebeech__Nothofagus_obliqua  tall deciduous South American tree
        subtype:  #rauli_beech__raulibeech__Nothofagus_procera  large Chilean timber tree yielding coarse lumber
        subtype:  #black_beech__blackbeech__Nothofagus_solanderi  New Zealand forest tree
        subtype:  #hard_beech__Nothofagus_truncata  tall New Zealand tree yielding very hard wood
     subtype:  #oak_tree__oaktree__oak  a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves; "great oaks grow from little acorns"
        subtype:  #live_oak  any of several American evergreen oaks
           subtype:  #coast_live_oak__California_live_oak__Quercus_agrifolia  highly variable often shrubby evergreen oak of coastal zone of western North America having small thick usually spiny-toothed dark-green leaves
           subtype:  #canyon_oak__canyon_live_oak__maul_oak__iron_oak__Quercus_chrysolepis  medium-sized evergreen of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico with oblong leathery often spiny-edged leaves
           subtype:  #southern_live_oak__Quercus_virginiana  medium-sized evergreen native to eastern North America to the east coast of Mexico; often cultivated as shade tree for it wide-spreading crown; extremely hard tough durable wood once used in shipbuilding
           subtype:  #interior_live_oak__Quercus_wislizenii__Quercus_wizlizenii  medium-small shrubby evergreen tree of western North America similar to the coast live oak but occurring chiefly in foothills of mountain ranges removed from the coast; an important part of the chaparral
        subtype:  #white_oak__whiteoak  any of numerous Old World and American oaks having 6 to 8 stamens in each floret, acorns that mature in one year and leaf veins that never extend beyond the margin of the leaf
           subtype:  #American_white_oak__Quercus_alba  large slow-growing deciduous tree of the eastern United States having stout spreading branches and leaves with usually 7 rounded lobes; yields strong and durable hard wood
           subtype:  #Arizona_white_oak__Quercus_arizonica  semi-evergreen shrub or small tree of Arizona and New Mexico having acorns with hemispherical cups
           subtype:  #swamp_white_oak__swampwhiteoak__swamp_oak__swampoak__Quercus_bicolor  large flaky-barked deciduous oak of the eastern United States with leaves having fewer lobes than other white oaks; yields heavy strong wood used in construction; thrives in wet soil
           subtype:  #Oregon_white_oak__Oregon_oak__Garry_oak__Quercus_garryana  small deciduous tree of western North America with crooked branches and pale gray bark
           subtype:  #California_white_oak__valley_oak__valley_white_oak__roble__Quercus_lobata  tall graceful deciduous California oak having leathery leaves and slender pointed acorns
           subtype:  #bur_oak__buroak__burr_oak__mossy-cup_oak__mossycupoak__mossycup_oak__Quercus_macrocarpa  medium to large deciduous oak of central and eastern North America with ovoid acorns deeply immersed in large fringed cups; yields tough close-grained wood
           subtype:  #durmast__Quercus_petraea__Quercus_sessiliflora  deciduous European oak valued for its tough elastic wood
           subtype:  #common_oak__English_oak__pedunculate_oak__pedunculateoak__Quercus_robur  medium to large deciduous European oak having smooth leaves with rounded lobes; yields hard strong light-colored wood
        subtype:  #European_turkey_oak__turkey_oak__Quercus_cerris  large deciduous tree of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor having oblong-lanceolate leaves with spiked lobes
        subtype:  #scarlet_oak__scarletoak__Quercus_coccinea  medium-large deciduous tree with a thick trunk found in the eastern United States and southern Canada and having close-grained wood and deeply 7-lobed leaves turning scarlet in autumn
        subtype:  #jack_oak__northern_pin_oak__Quercus_ellipsoidalis  small to medium deciduous oak of east central North America; leaves have sharply pointed lobes
        subtype:  #red_oak__redoak  any of numerous American oaks having 4 stamens in each floret, acorns requiring two years to mature and leaf veins usually extending beyond the leaf margin to form points or bristles
           subtype:  #southern_red_oak__swamp_red_oak__swampredoak__turkeyoak__Quercus_falcata  large round-topped deciduous tree with spreading branches having narrow falcate leaves with deeply sinuate lobes and wood similar to that of northern red oaks; New Jersey to Illinois and southward
           subtype:  #northern_red_oak__Quercus_rubra__Quercus_borealis  large symmetrical deciduous tree with rounded crown widely distributed in eastern North America; has large leaves with triangular spiny tipped lobes and coarse-grained wood less durable than that of white oaks
           subtype:  #Shumard_oak__Shumard_red_oak__Quercus_shumardii  large deciduous red oak of southern and eastern United States having large 7- to 9-lobed elliptical leaves, large acorns and medium hard coarse-grained wood
        subtype:  #holm_tree__holm_oak__holly-leaved_oak__evergreen_oak__evergreenoak__Quercus_ilex  evergreen oak of southern Europe having leaves somewhat resembling those of holly; yields a hard wood
        subtype:  #shingle_oak__laurel_oak__Quercus_imbricaria  small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having leaves that shine like laurel; wood is used in western states for shingles
        subtype:  #bluejack_oak__turkey_oak__Quercus_incana  small semi-evergreen shrubby tree of southeastern United States having hairy young branchlets and leaves narrowing to a slender bristly point
        subtype:  #California_black_oak__Quercus_kelloggii  large deciduous tree of the Pacific coast having deeply parted bristle-tipped leaves
        subtype:  #American_turkey_oak__turkey_oak__Quercus_laevis  small slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree of dry sandy barrens of southeastern United States having leaves with bristle-tipped lobes resembling turkey's toes
        subtype:  #laurel_oak__pin_oak__pinoak__Quercus_laurifolia  large nearly semi-evergreen oak of southeastern United States; thrives in damp soil
        subtype:  #overcup_oak__overcupoak__Quercus_lyrata  medium-large deciduous timber tree of central and southern United States; acorns deeply immersed in the cup and mature in first year
        subtype:  #scrub_oak  any of various chiefly American small shrubby oaks often a dominant form on thin dry soils sometimes forming dense thickets
           subtype:  #bear_oak__Quercus_ilicifolia  shrubby oak of southeastern United States usually forming dense thickets
           subtype:  #blackjack_oak__blackjackoak__blackjack__jackoak__Quercus_marilandica  a common scrubby deciduous tree of central and southeastern United States having dark bark and broad 3-lobed (club-shaped) leaves; tends to form dense thickets
           subtype:  #myrtle_oak__seaside_scrub_oak__seasidescruboak__Quercus_myrtifolia  small evergreen shrub or tree of southeastern United States; often forms almost impenetrable thickets in sandy coastal areas
        subtype:  #Japanese_oak__Quercus_mongolica__Quercus_grosseserrata  oak with moderately light fine-grained wood; Japan
        subtype:  #chestnut_oak  an oak having leaves resembling those of chestnut trees
           subtype:  #swamp_chestnut_oak__Quercus_michauxii  medium to large deciduous tree of moist areas of southeastern United States similar to the basket oak
           subtype:  #chinquapin_oak__chinkapin_oak__chinkapinoak__yellow_chestnut_oak__Quercus_muehlenbergii  medium-sized deciduous tree of the eastern United States that yields a strong durable wood
           subtype:  #basket_oak__cow_oak__cowoak__Quercus_prinus__Quercus_montana  medium to large deciduous tree of the eastern United States; its durable wood is used as timber or split and woven into baskets or chair seats
           subtype:  #dwarf_chinkapin_oak__dwarf_chinquapin_oak__dwarf_oak__dwarfoak__Quercus_prinoides  deciduous shrubby tree of northeastern and central United States having a sweet edible nut and often forming dense thickets
        subtype:  #water_oak__wateroak__possum_oak__Quercus_nigra  relatively tall deciduous water oak of southeastern United States often cultivated as a shade tree; thrives in wet soil
        subtype:  #Nuttall_oak__Nuttall's_oak__Quercus_nuttalli  similar to the pin oak; grows in damp sites in Mississippi River basin
        subtype:  #pin_oak__pinoak__swamp_oak__swampoak__Quercus_palustris  fast-growing medium to large pyramidal deciduous tree of northeastern United States and southeastern Canada having deeply pinnatifid leaves that turn bright red in autumn; thrives in damp soil
        subtype:  #willow_oak__Quercus_phellos  medium to large deciduous oak of the eastern United States having long lanceolate leaves and soft strong wood
        subtype:  #post_oak__box_white_oak__boxwhiteoak__brash_oak__iron_oak__Quercus_stellata  small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having dark green lyrate pinnatifid leaves and tough moisture-resistant wood used especially for fence posts
        subtype:  #cork_oak__Quercus_suber  medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield commercial cork
        subtype:  #Spanish_oak__Quercus_texana  small deciduous tree having the trunk branched almost from the base with spreading branches; Texas and southern Oklahoma
        subtype:  #Chinese_cork_oak__Quercus_variabilis  medium to large deciduous tree of China, Japan, and Korea having thick corky bark
        subtype:  #black_oak__blackoak__yellow_oak__quercitron__quercitron_oak__Quercus_velutina  medium to large deciduous timber tree of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada having dark outer bark and yellow inner bark used for tanning; broad 5-lobed leaves are bristle-tipped
     subtype:  #birch_tree__birchtree__birch  any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark
        subtype:  #yellow_birch__Betula_alleghaniensis__Betula_leutea  tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or gray bark
        subtype:  #American_white_birch__paper_birch__paperbirch__canoe_birch__canoebirch__Betula_cordifolia__Betula_papyrifera  small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes
        subtype:  #American_gray_birch__gray_birch__Betula_populifolia  medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale gray bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest tree
        subtype:  #silver_birch__common_birch__European_white_birch__Betula_pendula  European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches
        subtype:  #downy_birch__downybirch__white_birch__whitebirch__Betula_pubescens  European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches
        subtype:  #black_birch__river_birch__red_birch__redbirch__Betula_nigra  birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark
        subtype:  #sweet_birch__cherry_birch__black_birch__Betula_lenta  common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furniture
        subtype:  #Yukon_white_birch__Betula_neoalaskana  Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark
        subtype:  #swamp_birch__water_birch__mountain_birch__Western_paper_birch__Western_birch__Betula_fontinalis  birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but having brownish bark
        subtype:  #Newfoundland_dwarf_birch__American_dwarf_birch__Betula_glandulosa  small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenland
     subtype:  #alder_tree__aldertree__alder  north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the rot-resistant wood
        subtype:  #common_alder__European_black_alder__Alnus_glutinosa__Alnus_vulgaris  medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy beneath
        subtype:  #gray_alder__Alnus_incana  native to Europe but introduced in America
        subtype:  #seaside_alder__seasidealder__Alnus_maritima  shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood
        subtype:  #white_alder__whitealder__mountain_alder__Alnus_rhombifolia  tree of western United States
        subtype:  #red_alder__redalder__Oregon_alder__Alnus_rubra  large tree of Pacific coast of North America having hard red wood much used for furniture
        subtype:  #speckled_alder__Alnus_rugosa  common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down
        subtype:  #smooth_alder__hazel_alder__hazelalder__Alnus_serrulata  common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark
        subtype:  #Alnus_veridis__green_alder__greenalder  shrub of mountainous areas of Europe
        subtype:  #green_alder__greenalder__Alnus_veridis_crispa__Alnus_crispa  North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts
     subtype:  #hornbeam  any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus
        subtype:  #European_hornbeam__Carpinus_betulus  medium-sized Old World tree with smooth gray bark and leaves like beech that turn yellow-orange in autumn
        subtype:  #American_hornbeam__Carpinus_caroliniana  tree or large shrub with gray bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn
     subtype:  #hop_hornbeam__hophornbeam  any of several trees resembling hornbeams with fruiting clusters resembling hops
        subtype:  #Old_World_hop_hornbeam__Ostrya_carpinifolia  medium-sized hop hornbeam of southern Europe and Asia Minor
        subtype:  #Eastern_hop_hornbeam__ironwood__ironwood_tree__Ostrya_virginiana  medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America
     subtype:  #fringe_tree  any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus
        subtype:  #fringe_bush__Chionanthus_virginicus  small bushy tree of southeastern United States having profuse clusters of white flowers
     subtype:  #ash_tree__ashtree__ash  any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus
        subtype:  #white_ash__whiteash__Fraxinus_Americana  spreading American ash with leaves pale green or silvery beneath and having hard brownish wood
        subtype:  #swamp_ash__swampash__Fraxinus_caroliniana  small ash of swampy areas of southeastern United States
        subtype:  #Fraxinus_cuspidata__flowering_ash__floweringash  shrubby ash of southwestern United States having fragrant white flowers
        subtype:  #flowering_ash__floweringash__Fraxinus_dipetala  shrubby California ash with showy off-white flowers
        subtype:  #common_European_ash__European_ash__Fraxinus_excelsior  tall ash of Europe to the Caucasus having leaves shiny dark-green above and pale downy beneath
        subtype:  #Oregon_ash__Fraxinus_latifolia__Fraxinus_oregona  timber tree of western North America yielding hard light wood; closely related to the red ash
        subtype:  #black_ash__blackash__basket_ash__brown_ash__brownash__hoop_ash__Fraxinus_nigra  vigorous spreading North American tree having dark brown heavy wood; leaves turn gold in autumn
        subtype:  #manna_ash__mannaash__flowering_ash__floweringash__Fraxinus_ornus  southern Mediterranean ash having fragrant white flowers in dense panicles and yielding manna
        subtype:  #red_ash__redash__downy_ash__downyash__Fraxinus_pennsylvanica  smallish American tree with velvety branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
           subtype:  #green_ash__greenash__Fraxinus_pennsylvanica_subintegerrima  a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
        subtype:  #blue_ash__Fraxinus_quadrangulata  ash of central and southern United States with bluish-green foliage and hard brown wood
        subtype:  #Fraxinus_texensis__mountain_ash  low-growing ash of Texas
        subtype:  #pumpkin_ash__pumpkinash__Fraxinus_tomentosa  timber tree of central and southeastern United States having hairy branchlets and a swollen trunk base
        subtype:  #Arizona_ash__Fraxinus_velutina  small shrubby ash of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
        instance:  #Yggdrasil__Ygdrasil
     subtype:  #devilwood__American_olive__Osmanthus_americanus  small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits
     subtype:  #dhawa__dhava  an Indian tree of the family Combretaceae that is a source of timber and gum
     subtype:  #button_tree__button_mangrove__Conocarpus_erectus  evergreen tree or shrub with fruit resembling buttons and yielding heavy hard compact wood
     subtype:  #Laguncularia_racemosa__white_mangrove__whitemangrove  shrub to moderately large tree that grows in brackish water along the seacoasts of western Africa and tropical America; locally important as a source of tannin
     subtype:  #Jamaica_bayberry__bayberry__bay-rum_tree__bayrumtree__wild_cinnamon__Pimenta_acris  West Indian tree; source of bay rum
     subtype:  #gum_tree__gumtree  any of various trees of the genera Eucalyptus or Liquidambar or Nyssa that are sources of gum
        subtype:  #liquidambar  any tree of the genus Liquidambar
           subtype:  #American_sweet_gum__sweet_gum__sweetgum__sweet_gum_tree__sweetgumtree__bilsted__red_gum__redgum__Liquidambar_styraciflua  a North American tree of the genus Liquidambar having prickly spherical fruit clusters and fragrant sap
        subtype:  #eucalyptus_tree__eucalyptus__eucalypt  a tree of the genus Eucalyptus
           subtype:  #flooded_gum  any of several Australian gum trees growing on moist or alluvial soil
              subtype:  #rose_gum__Eucalypt_grandis  very tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales
              subtype:  #cider_gum__cidergum__Eucalypt_gunnii  small to medium-sized tree of Tasmania
              subtype:  #forest_red_gum__Eucalypt_tereticornis  tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria
           subtype:  #mallee  any of several low-growing Australian eucalypts
              subtype:  #white_mallee__whitemallee__congoo_mallee__Eucalyptus_dumosa  small shrubby mallee
              subtype:  #black_mallee__blackmallee__black_sally__blacksally__black_gum__blackgum__Eucalytus_stellulata  small mallee with rough dark-colored bark toward the butt yielding a red eucalyptus kino
           subtype:  #stringybark  any of several Australian eucalypts having fibrous inner bark
              subtype:  #white_stringybark__whitestringybark__thin-leaved_stringybark__Eucalyptusd_eugenioides  stringybark having white wood
           subtype:  #smoothbark  any of several Australian eucalypts having the bark smooth except at or near the base of the trunk
           subtype:  #red_gum__redgum__peppermint__peppermint_gum__Eucalyptus_amygdalina  red gum tree of Tasmania
           subtype:  #marri__red_gum__redgum__Eucalyptus_calophylla  very large red gum tree
           subtype:  #river_red_gum__riverredgum__river_gum__rivergum__Eucalyptus_camaldulensis__Eucalyptus_rostrata  somewhat crooked red gum tree growing chiefly along rivers; has durable reddish lumber used in heavy construction
           subtype:  #mountain_swamp_gum__Eucalyptus_camphora  medium-sized swamp gum of New South Wales and Victoria
           subtype:  #snow_gum__ghost_gum__ghostgum__white_ash__whiteash__Eucalyptus_coriacea__Eucalyptus_pauciflora  small to medium-sized tree of Australia and Tasmania having smooth white to light-grey bark shedding in patches or strips
           subtype:  #alpine_ash__mountain_oak__Eucalyptus_delegatensis  tall timber tree with hard heavy pinkish or light brown wood
           subtype:  #white_mountain_ash__Eucalyptus_fraxinoides  large tree with dark compact bark on lower trunk but smooth and white above; yields lumber similar to that of European or American ashes
           subtype:  #blue_gum__fever_tree__fevertree__eucalyptusglobulu  tall fast-growing timber tree with leaves containing a medicinal oil; young leaves are bluish
           subtype:  #swamp_gum__swampgum__Eucalypt_ovata  medium-sized tree of southern Australia
           subtype:  #spotted_gum__spottedgum__Eucalyptus_maculata  large gum tree with mottled bark
           subtype:  #lemon-scented_gum__lemonscentedgum__Eucalyptus_citriodora__Eucalyptus_maculata_citriodora  similar to but smaller than the spotted gum and having lemon-scented leaves
           subtype:  #Eucalyptus_regnans__mountain_ash  tree having wood similar to the alpine ash; tallest tree in Australia and tallest hardwood in the world
           subtype:  #manna_gum__mannagum__Eucalyptus_viminalis  tall tree yielding a false manna
        subtype:  #tupelo_tree__tupelo  any of several gum trees of swampy areas of North America
           subtype:  #water_gum__watergum__Nyssa_aquatica  columnar swamp tree of southeastern to midwestern North America yielding pale soft easily worked wood
           subtype:  #sour_gum__black_gum__blackgum__pepperidge__Nyssa_sylvatica  columnar tree of eastern North America having horizontal limbs and small leaves that emerge late in spring and have brilliant color in early fall
     subtype:  #poon  any of several East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum having shiny leathery leaves and lightweight hard wood
        subtype:  #Alexandrian_laurel__Calophyllum_inophyllum  East Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers; coastal areas southern India to Malaysia
     subtype:  #Calophyllum_calaba__calaba__Santa_Maria_tree  West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice
     subtype:  #Maria__Calophyllum_longifolium  valuable timber tree of Panama
     subtype:  #laurelwood__lancewood_tree__lancewoodtree__calophyllumcandidissimum  tropical American tree; valued for its hard durable wood
     subtype:  #clusia  an aromatic tree of the genus Clusia having large white or yellow or pink flowers
     subtype:  #wild_fig__Clusia_flava  a West Indies clusia having fig-shaped fruit
     subtype:  #rose_chestnut__ironwood__ironwood_tree__Mesua_ferrea  handsome East Indian evergreen tree often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield a perfume; source of very heavy hardwood used for railroad ties
     subtype:  #souari_tree__souari__souari_nut__Caryocar_nuciferum  large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nutlike seeds used as food and a source of cooking oil
     subtype:  #dipterocarp  tree of the family Dipterocarpaceae
        subtype:  #red_lauan_tree__redlauantree__red_lauan__redlauan__Shorea_teysmanniana  valuable Philippine timber tree
     subtype:  #ketembilla_tree__ketembilla__kitembilla__kitambilla__Ceylon_gooseberry__Dovyalis_hebecarpa  small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet purple pulp tasking like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India
     subtype:  #chaulmoogra_tree__chaulmoogratree__chaulmoogra__chaulmugra__Hydnocarpus_kurzii__Taraktagenos_kurzii__Taraktogenos_kurzii  East Indian tree with oily seeds yield chaulmoogra oil used to treat leprosy
     subtype:  #Hydnocarpus_laurifolia__Hydnocarpus_wightiana  leathery-leaved tree of western India bearing round fruits with brown densely-hairy rind enclosing oily pulp that yields hydnocarpus oil
     subtype:  #idesia__Idesia_polycarpa  deciduous round-headed Asiatic tree widely grown in mild climates as an ornamental for its heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow-green flowers followed by hanging clusters of fleshy orange-red berries
     subtype:  #Australian_nettle_tree__Australian_nettle  any of several tall Australian trees of the genus Laportea
     subtype:  #fig_tree__figtree  any moraceous tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature
        subtype:  #common_fig_tree__fig__common_fig__Ficus_carica  Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit
           subtype:  #caprifig__Ficus_carica_sylvestris  wild variety of the common fig used to facilitate pollination of certain figs
        subtype:  #golden_fig__Florida_strangler_fig__strangler_fig__stranglerfig__wild_fig__Ficus_aurea  a strangler tree native to southern Florida and West Indies; begins as an epiphyte eventually developing many thick aerial roots and covering enormous areas
        subtype:  #Indian_banyan__banyan__banyan_tree__banian__banian_tree__East_Indian_fig_tree__Ficus_bengalensis  East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks
        subtype:  #pipal_tree__pipaltree__pipal__pipul__peepul__sacred_fig__bo_tree__Ficus_religiosa  fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan; regarded as sacred by Buddhists
        subtype:  #India-rubber_tree__India-rubber_plant__India-rubber_fig__rubber_plant__Assam_rubber__Ficus_elastica  large tropical Asian tree frequently dwarfed as a houseplant; source of Assam rubber
        subtype:  #mistletoe_fig__mistletoefig__mistletoe_rubber_plant__Ficus_diversifolia__Ficus_deltoidea  shrub or small tree often grown as a houseplant having foliage like mistletoe
        subtype:  #Port_Jackson_fig__rusty_rig__rustyrig__little-leaf_fig__Botany_Bay_fig__Ficus_rubiginosa  Australian tree resembling the banyan often planted for ornament; introduced into South Africa for brushwood
        subtype:  #sycamore_fig__sycamore__mulberry_fig__Ficus_sycomorus  thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the Biblical sycamore
     subtype:  #elm_tree__elmtree__elm  any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees
        subtype:  #winged_elm__wing_elm__Ulmus_alata  North American elm having twigs and young branches with prominent corky projections
        subtype:  #American_elm__white_elm__whiteelm__water_elm__waterelm__rock_elm__Ulmus_americana  large ornamental tree with graceful gradually spreading branches common in eastern North America
        subtype:  #smooth-leaved_elm__European_field_elm__Ulmus_carpinifolia  European elm with lustrous smooth leaves used as an ornamental
        subtype:  #cedar_elm__cedarelm__Ulmus_crassifolia  elm of southern United States and Mexico having spreading pendulous corky branches
        subtype:  #witch_elm__witchelm__wych_elm__Ulmus_glabra  Eurasian elm often planted as a shade tree
        subtype:  #Dutch_elm__Ulmus_hollandica  any of various hybrid ornamental European shade trees ranging from dwarf to tall
        subtype:  #Huntingdon_elm__Ulmus_hollandica_vegetata  erect vigorous hybrid ornamental
        subtype:  #water_elm__waterelm__Ulmus_laevis  Eurasian elm closely resembling the American elm; thrives in a moist environment
        subtype:  #Chinese_elm__Ulmus_parvifolia  small fast-growing tree native to Asia; widely grown as shelterbelts and hedges
        subtype:  #English_elm__European_elm__Ulmus_procera  broad spreading rough-leaved elm common throughout Europe and planted elsewhere
        subtype:  #Siberian_elm__Chinewse_elm__dwarf_elm__dwarfelm__Ulmus_pumila  fast-growing shrubby Asian tree naturalized in United States for shelter or ornament
        subtype:  #slippery_elm__red_elm__redelm__Ulmus_rubra  North American elm having rough leaves that are red when opening; yields a hard wood
        subtype:  #Jersey_elm__guernsey_elm__wheately_elm__Ulmus_sarniensis__Ulmus_campestris_sarniensis__Ulmus_campestris_wheatleyi  a variety of the English elm with erect branches and broader leaves
        subtype:  #September_elm__red_elm__redelm__Ulmus_serotina  autumn-flowering elm of southeastern United States
        subtype:  #rock_elm__Ulmus_thomasii  tall widely distributed elm of eastern North America
     subtype:  #nettle_tree__hackberry  any of various trees of the genus Celtis having inconspicuous flowers and small berrylike fruits
        subtype:  #European_hackberry__Mediterranean_hackberry__Celtis_australis  bright green deciduous shade tree of southern Europe
        subtype:  #American_hackberry__Celtis_occidentalis  large deciduous shade tree of southern United States with small deep purple berries
        subtype:  #Celtis_laevigata__sugarberry  deciduous shade tree with small black berries; southern United States; yields soft yellowish wood
     subtype:  #grass_tree__grasstree__cabbage_tree__cabbagetree__cordylineaustrali  elegant tree having either a single trunk or a branching trunk each with terminal clusters of long narrow leaves and large panicles of fragrant white, yellow or red flowers; New Zealand
     subtype:  #Caesalpinia_bonduc__bonduc__bonduc_tree__Caesalpinia_bonducella  tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and rosaries
     subtype:  #Caesalpinia_coriaria__divi-divi  small thornless tree or shrub of tropical America whose seed pods are a source of tannin
     subtype:  #peachwood__brazilwood__pernambuco_wood__Caesalpinia_echinata  tropical tree with prickly trunk; its heavy red wood yields a red dye and is used for cabinetry
     subtype:  #brazilian_ironwood__brazilianironwood__Caesalpinia_ferrea  thornless tree yielding heavy wood
     subtype:  #shingle_tree__shingletree__Acrocarpus_fraxinifolius  East Indian timber tree with hard durable wood used especially for tea boxes
     subtype:  #msasa__Brachystegia_speciformis  small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers
     subtype:  #cassia  any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods
        subtype:  #golden_shower_tree__drumstick_tree__drumsticktree__purging_cassia__purgingcassia__pudding_pipe_tree__canafistola__canafistula__Cassia_fistula  deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia
        subtype:  #pink_shower_tree__pink_shower__horse_cassia__horsecassia__Cassia_grandis  tropical American semi-evergreen tree having erect racemes of pink or rose-colored flowers; used as an ornamental
        subtype:  #rainbow_shower__rainbowshower__Cassia_javonica  deciduous ornamental hybrid of southeastern Asia and Hawaii having racemes of flowers ranging in color from cream to orange and red
        subtype:  #horse_cassia__horsecassia__Cassia_roxburghii__Cassia_marginata  East Indian tree having long pods containing a black cathartic pulp used as a horse medicine
     subtype:  #locust_tree__locust  any of various hard-wooded trees of the family Leguminosae
        subtype:  #Hymenaea_courbaril__courbaril  West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood
        subtype:  #water_locust__waterlocust__swamplocust__gleditsiaaquatica  honey locust of swamps and bottomlands of southern United States having short oval pods; yields dark heavy wood
        subtype:  #honey_locust__honeylocust__gleditsiatriacantho  tall usually spiny North American tree having small greenish-white flowers in drooping racemes followed by long twisting seed pods; yields very hard durable reddish-brown wood; introduced to temperate Old World
        subtype:  #yellow_locust__black_locust__blacklocust__robiniapseudoacacia  large thorny tree of eastern and central United States having pinnately compound leaves and drooping racemes of white flowers; widely naturalized in many varieties in temperate regions
        subtype:  #clammy_locust__Robinia_viscosa  small rough-barked locust of southeastern United States having racemes of pink flowers and glutinous branches and seeds
     subtype:  #Kentucky_coffee_tree__bonduc__chicot__Gymnocladus_dioica  handsome tree of central and eastern North America having large bipinnate leaves and green-white flowers followed by large woody brown pods whose seeds are used as a coffee substitute
     subtype:  #palo_verde__Parkinsonia_florida__Cercidium_floridum  densely branched spiny tree of southwestern United States having showy yellow flowers and blue-green bark; sometimes placed in genus Cercidium
     subtype:  #angelim__andelmin  any of several tropical American trees of the genus Andira
        subtype:  #cabbage_bark__cabbagebark__cabbage-bark_tree__cabbage_tree__cabbagetree__andirainermi  tree with shaggy unpleasant-smelling toxic bark and yielding strong durable wood; bark and seeds used as a purgative and vermifuge and narcotic
     subtype:  #camwood__African_sandalwood__Baphia_nitida  small shrubby African tree with hard wood used as a dyewood yielding a red dye
     subtype:  #dhak__dak__palas__pala__Butea_frondosa__Butea_monosperma  East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye
     subtype:  #rosewood_tree__rosewood  any of those hardwood trees of the genus Dalbergia that yield rosewood--valuable cabinet woods of a dark red or purplish color streaked and variegated with black
        subtype:  #Indian_blackwood__East_Indian_rosewood__East_India_rosewood__Indian_rosewood__Dalbergia_latifolia  East Indian tree having a useful dark purple wood
        subtype:  #Brazilian_rosewood__caviuna_wood__caviunawood__Dalbergia_nigra  an important Brazilian timber tree yielding a heavy hard dark-colored wood streaked with black
        subtype:  #Honduras_rosewood__Dalbergia_stevensonii  Central American tree yielding a valuable dark streaked rosewood
     subtype:  #Dalbergia_sissoo__sissoo__sissu__sisham  East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making railroad ties
     subtype:  #kingwood_tree__kingwood__Dalbergia_cearensis  Brazilian tree yielding a handsome cabinet wood
     subtype:  #cocobolo__Dalbergia_retusa  a valuable timber tree of tropical South America
     subtype:  #blackwood_tree__blackwoodtree__blackwood  any of several hardwood trees yielding very dark-colored wood
        subtype:  #lightwood__Acacia_melanoxylon  tall Australian acacia yielding highly valued black timber
        subtype:  #logwood_tree__logwoodtree__logwood__campeachy__bloodwood_tree__bloodwoodtree__Haematoxylum_campechianum  spiny shrub or small tree of Central America and West Indies having bipinnate leaves and racemes of small bright yellow flowers and yielding a hard brown or brownish-red heartwood used in preparing a black dye
        subtype:  #Avicennia_marina__black_mangrove__blackmangrove  a mangrove of the West Indies and the southern Florida coast; occurs in dense thickets and has numerous short roots that bend up from the ground
     subtype:  #coral_tree__coraltree__erythrina  any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds; cultivated as an ornamental
        subtype:  #Cape_kafferboom__kaffir_boom__Erythrina_caffra  small semi-evergreen broad-spreading tree of eastern South Africa with orange-scarlet flowers and small coral-red seeds; yields a light soft wood used for fence posts or shingles
        subtype:  #coral_bean_tree__Erythrina_corallodendrum  deciduous shrub having racemes of deep scarlet-red flowers and black-spotted red seeds
        subtype:  #ceibo__crybaby_tree__crybabytree__crybabytree__commoncoraltree__Erythrina_crista-galli  small South American spiny tree with dark crimson and scarlet flowers solitary or clustered
        subtype:  #kaffir_boom__Transvaal_kafferboom__Erythrina_lysistemon  small semi-evergreen of South Africa having dense clusters of clear scarlet flowers and red seeds
        subtype:  #Indian_coral_tree__Erythrina_variegata__Erythrina_Indica  small to medium-sized thorny tree of tropical Asia and northern Australia having dense clusters of scarlet or crimson flowers and black seeds
        subtype:  #Erythrina_vespertilio__cork_tree  prickly Australian coral tree having soft spongy wood
     subtype:  #gliricidia  any of several small deciduous trees valued for their dark wood and dense racemes of nectar-rich pink flowers grown in great profusion on arching branches; roots and bark and leaves and seeds are poisonous
     subtype:  #millettia  any of several tropical trees or shrubs yielding showy streaked dark reddish or chocolate-colored wood
     subtype:  #tolu_tree__tolu_balsam_tree__Myroxylon_balsamum__Myroxylon_toluiferum  medium-sized tropical American tree yielding tolu balsam and a fragrant hard wood used for high-grade furniture and cabinetwork
     subtype:  #Peruvian_balsam__Myroxylon_pereirae__Myroxylon_balsamum_pereirae  tree of South and Central America yielding an aromatic balsam
     subtype:  #necklace_tree  a tree of the genus Ormosia having seeds used as beads
        subtype:  #bead_tree__jumby_bean__jumbybean__jumby_tree__jumbytree__Ormosia_monosperma  small tree of West Indies and northeastern Venezuela having large oblong slender-pointed leaflets and panicles of purple flowers; seeds are black or scarlet with black spots
        subtype:  #jumby_bead__jumbybead__jumbie_bead__Ormosia_coarctata  West Indian tree similar to Ormosia monosperma but larger and having smaller leaflets and smaller seeds
     subtype:  #Jamaica_dogwood__fish_fuddle__Piscidia_piscipula__Piscidia_erythrina  small tree of West Indies and Florida having large odd-pinnate leaves and panicles of red-striped purple to white flowers followed by decorative curly winged seedpods; yields fish poisons
     subtype:  #quira  any of several tropical American trees some yielding economically important timber
        subtype:  #roble__Platymiscium_trinitatis  large tree of Trinidad and Guyana having odd-pinnate leaves and violet-scented axillary racemes of yellow flowers and long smooth pods; grown as a specimen in parks and large gardens
        subtype:  #Panama_redwood_tree__Panama_redwood__Platymiscium_pinnatum  large erect shrub of Columbia having large odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and axillary racemes of fragrant yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Indian_beech__Pongamia_glabra  evergreen Asiatic tree having glossy pinnate leaves and racemose creamy-white scented flowers; used as a shade tree
     subtype:  #bloodwood_tree__bloodwoodtree__kiaat__Pterocarpus_angolensis  deciduous South African tree having large odd-pinnate leaves and profuse fragrant orange-yellow flowers; yields a red juice and heavy strong durable wood
     subtype:  #padauk__padouk__amboyna__Pterocarpus_indicus  tree native to southeastern Asia having reddish wood with a mottled or striped black grain
     subtype:  #Burma_padauk__Burmese_rosewood__Pterocarpus_macrocarpus  tree of India and Burma yielding a wood resembling mahogany
     subtype:  #kino__Pterocarpus_marsupium  East Indian tree yielding a resin or extract often used medicinally and in e.g. tanning
     subtype:  #red_sandalwood__redsandalwood__red_sanders__red_sanderswood__redsanderswood__red_saunders__Pterocarpus_santalinus  tree of India and East Indies yielding a hard fragrant timber prized for cabinetwork and dark red heartwood used as a dyewood
     subtype:  #carib_wood__caribwood__Sabinea_carinalis  small Dominican tree bearing masses of large crimson flowers before the fine pinnate foliage emerges
     subtype:  #scarlet_wisteria_tree__vegetable_hummingbird__vegetablehummingbird__Sesbania_grandiflora  soft-wooded tree with lax racemes of usually red or pink flowers; tropical Australia and Asia; naturalized in southern Florida and West Indies
     subtype:  #Japanese_pagoda_tree__Chinese_scholartree__Chinese_scholar_tree__Sophora_japonica__Sophora_sinensis  handsome round-headed deciduous tree having compound dark green leaves and profuse panicles of fragrant creamy-white flowers; China and Japan
     subtype:  #mescal_bean__coral_bean__coralbean__frijolito__frijolillo__Sophora_secundiflora  shrub or small tree having pinnate leaves poisonous to livestock and dense racemes of intensely fragrant blue flowers and red beans
     subtype:  #kowhai__Sophora_tetraptera  shrub or small tree of New Zealand and Chile having pendulous racemes of tubular golden-yellow flowers; yields a hard strong wood
     subtype:  #tipu_tree__tipu__yellow_jacaranda__pride_of_Bolivia  semi-evergreen South American tree with odd-pinnate leaves and golden yellow flowers cultivated as an ornamental
     subtype:  #Virgilia_capensis__keurboom__Virgilia_oroboides  tree with odd-pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant pink to purple flowers
     subtype:  #keurboom__Virgilia_divaricata  fast-growing round-headed tree with fragrant white to deep rose flowers; planted as an ornamental
     subtype:  #palm_tree__palm  any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves
        subtype:  #sago_palm  any of various tropical Asian palm trees the trunks of which yield sago
           subtype:  #sugar_palm__sugarpalm__gomuti__gomuti_palm__Arenga_pinnata  Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith yields sago
           subtype:  #wine_palm__jaggery_palm__jaggerypalm__kitul__kittul__kitul_tree__kitultree__toddy_alm__toddyalm__Caryota_urens__caryotauren  fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk pith yields sago
           subtype:  #true_sago_palm__Metroxylon_sagu  Malaysian palm whose pithy trunk yields sago--a starch used as a food thickener and fabric stiffener; Malaya to Fiji
        subtype:  #feather_palm__featherpalm  palm having pinnate or featherlike leaves
           subtype:  #coyol_palm__coyolpalm__coyol__Acrocomia_vinifera  tropical American palm having edible nuts and yielding a useful fiber
           subtype:  #grugru_palm__grugru__gri-gri__grigri__macamba__Acrocomia_aculeata  tropical American feather palm having a swollen spiny trunk and edible nuts
           subtype:  #areca  any of several tall tropical palms native to southeastern Asia having egg-shaped nuts
              subtype:  #betel_palm__betelpalm__Areca_catechu  southeastern Asian palm bearing betel nuts (scarlet or orange single-seeded fruit with a fibrous husk)
           subtype:  #piassava_palm__pissaba_palm__pissabapalm__Bahia_piassava__bahia_coquilla__bahiacoquilla__Attalea_funifera  Brazilian palm yielding fibers used in making ropes, mats, and brushes
           subtype:  #wax_palm__waxpalm__ceroxylonandicola__Ceroxylon_alpinum  palm of the Andes yielding a resinous wax which is mixed with tallow to make candles
           subtype:  #oil_palm__oilpalm  pinnate-leaved palms of the genus Elaeis having dense clusters of crowded flowers and bright red fruit and yielding high quality palm oils
              subtype:  #African_oil_palm__Elaeis_guineensis  oil palm of Africa
              subtype:  #American_oil_palm__Elaeis_oleifera  palm of Central and South America
           subtype:  #babassu_palm__babassupalm__babassu__coco_de_macao__Orbignya_phalerata__Orbignya_spesiosa__Orbignya_martiana  tall feather palm of northern Brazil with hard-shelled nuts yielding valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory
           subtype:  #cohune_palm__Orbignya_cohune__cohune  tropical American feather palm whose large nuts yield valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory
           subtype:  #date_palm__Phoenix_dactylifera  tall tropical feather palm tree native to Syria bearing sweet edible fruit
           subtype:  #ivory_palm__ivorypalm__ivory-nut_palm__ivorynutpalm__ivory_plant__ivoryplant__Phytelephas_macrocarpa  a stemless palm tree of Brazil and Peru bearing ivory nuts
        subtype:  #fan_palm__fanpalm  palm having palmate or fan-shaped leaves
           subtype:  #palmetto  any of several low-growing palms with fan-shaped leaves
              subtype:  #cabbage_palmetto__cabbagepalmetto__cabbage_palm__cabbagepalm__sabalpalmetto  low-growing fan-leaved palm of coastal southern United States having edible leaf buds
           subtype:  #palmyra_palm__palmyrapalm__palmyra__toddy_palm__toddypalm__wine_palm__lontar__longar_palm__Borassus_flabellifer  tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving
           subtype:  #carnauba_palm__carnauba__wax_palm__waxpalm__coperniciaprunifera__Copernicia_cerifera  Brazilian fan palm having an edible root; source of a useful leaf fiber and a brittle yellowish wax
           subtype:  #caranday__caranda__caranda_palm__carandapalm__wax_palm__waxpalm__coperniciaaustrali__Copernicia_alba  South American palm yielding a wax similar to carnauba wax
           subtype:  #gebang_palm__Corypha_utan__Corypha_gebanga  large-leaved palm of Malay to Philippines and northern Australia; leaves used for thatching or plaiting into containers
           subtype:  #latanier_palm__latanier  fan palms of the southern United States and the Caribbean region
           subtype:  #talipot_palm__talipotpalm__talipot__Corypha_umbraculifera  tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing paper
           subtype:  #saw_palmetto__sawpalmetto__scrub_palmetto__scrubpalmetto__Serenoa_repens  small hardy clump-forming spiny palm of southern United States
           subtype:  #thatch_palm__thatch_tree__silver_thatch__broom_palm__broompalm__thrinaxparviflora  small palm of southern Florida and West Indies closely resembling the silvertop palmetto
           subtype:  #key_palm__keypalm__silvertoppalmetto__silver_thatch__Thrinax_microcarpa__Thrinax_morrisii__Thrinax_keyensis  small stocky fan palm of southern Florida and Cuba
        subtype:  #calamus.palm_tree__calamu  any tropical Asian palm of the genus Calamus; light tough stems are a source of rattan canes
           subtype:  #rattan_palm__rattan__Calamus_rotang  climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for Malacca canes
           subtype:  #lawyer_cane__Calamus_australis  tall scrambling spiny palm of northeastern Queensland Australia
        subtype:  #fishtail_palm  attractive East Indian palm having distinctive bipinnate foliage
        subtype:  #coconut_palm__coconutpalm__coco_palm__coco__cocoa_palm__cocoapalm__coconut_tree__coconuttree__cocosnucifera  tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics
        subtype:  #corozo_palm__corozo  any of several tropical American palms bearing corozo nuts
        subtype:  #Euterpe_oleracea__cabbage_palm__cabbagepalm  Brazilian palm of genus Euterpe whose leaf buds are eaten like cabbage when young
        subtype:  #cabbage_tree__cabbagetree__cabbagepalm__livistonaaustrali  Australian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young
        subtype:  #nipa_palm__Nipa_fruticans  any creeping semiaquatic feather palm of the genus Nipa found in mangrove swamps and tidal estuaries; its sap is used for a liquor; leaves are used for thatch; fruit has edible seeds
        subtype:  #raffia_palm__Raffia_farinifera__Raffia_ruffia  a large feather palm of Africa and Madagascar having very long pinnatisect fronds yielding a strong commercially important fiber from its leafstalks
           subtype:  #jupati_palm__jupati__jupaty__Raffia_taedigera  a tall Brazilian feather palm with a terminal crown of very large leathery pinnatisect leaves rising from long strong stems used for structural purposes
           subtype:  #bamboo_palm__Raffia_vinifera  a palm of the genus Raffia
        subtype:  #lady_palm  any of several small palms of the genus Rhapis; cultivated as houseplants
           subtype:  #miniature_fan_palm__miniaturefanpalm__bamboo_palm__fern_rhapis__Rhapis_excelsa  small graceful palm with reedlike stems and leaf bases clothed with loose coarse fibers
           subtype:  #reed_rhapis__slender_lady_palm__Rhapis_humilis  Chinese lady palm with more slender stems and finer sheath fibers than Rhapis excelsa
        subtype:  #royal_palm__royalpalm__Roystonea_regia  tall feather palm of southern Florida and Cuba
        subtype:  #cabbage_palm__cabbagepalm__roystoneaoleracea  West Indian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young
     subtype:  #dagame__lemonwood_tree__lemonwoodtree__Calycophyllum_candidissimum  source of a tough elastic wood
     subtype:  #coffee_tree__coffee  any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans
        subtype:  #Arabian_coffee__Coffea_arabica  shrubby tree of northeastern tropical Africa widely cultivated in tropical or near tropical regions for its seed which form most of the commercial coffee
        subtype:  #Liberian_coffee__Coffea_liberica  small tree of West Africa
        subtype:  #robusta_coffee__robustacoffee__Rio_Nunez_coffee__Coffea_robusta__Coffea_canephora  native to West Africa but grown in Java and elsewhere; resistant to coffee rust
     subtype:  #cinchona__chinchona  any of several trees of the genus Cinchona
        subtype:  #Cartagena_bark__Cinchona_cordifolia__Cinchona_lancifolia  Colombian tree; source of Cartagena bark (a cinchona bark)
        subtype:  #Cinchona_calisaya__calisaya__Cinchona_officinalis__Cinchona_ledgeriana  Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
        subtype:  #cinchona_tree__Cinchona_pubescens  small tree of Ecuador and Peru having very large glossy leaves and large panicles of fragrant pink flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
     subtype:  #opepe__Nauclea_diderrichii__Sarcocephalus_diderrichii  large African forest tree yielding a strong hard yellow to golden brown lumber; sometimes placed in genus Sarcocephalus
     subtype:  #lemonwood_tree__lemonwoodtree__lemonwood__psychotriacapensi  South African evergreen having hard tough wood
     subtype:  #wild_medlar_tree__wild_medlar__medlar__Vangueria_infausta  small deciduous tree of southern Africa having edible fruit
     subtype:  #Spanish_tamarind__Vangueria_madagascariensis  shrubby tree of Madagascar occasionally cultivated for its edible apple-shaped fruit
     subtype:  #incense_tree__incensetree  any of various tropical trees of the family Burseraceae yielding fragrant gums or resins that are burned as incense
        subtype:  #elephant_tree__Bursera_microphylla  small tree or shrub of the southwestern United States having a spicy odor and odd-pinnate leaves and small clusters of white flowers
        subtype:  #gumbo-limbo__gumbolimbo__Bursera_simaruba  tropical American tree yielding a reddish resin used in cements and varnishes
        subtype:  #Boswellia_carteri  tree yielding an aromatic gum resin burned as incense
        subtype:  #salai__Boswellia_serrata  East Indian tree yielding a resin used medicinally and burned as incense
        subtype:  #balm_of_gilead__Commiphora_meccanensis  small evergreen tree of Africa and Asia; leaves have a strong aromatic odor when bruised
        subtype:  #myrrh_tree__myrrhtree__Commiphora_myrrha  tree of eastern Africa and Asia yielding myrrh
        subtype:  #Protium_heptaphyllum  tropical American tree
        subtype:  #Protium_guianense  tropical American tree
     subtype:  #mahogany_tree__mahogany  any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish
        subtype:  #Spanish_cedar_tree__Spanish_cedar__Cedrela_odorata  tropical American tree yielding fragrant wood used especially for boxes
        subtype:  #African_scented_mahogany__cedar_mahogany__cedarmahogany__sapele_mahogany__Entandrophragma_cylindricum  African tree having rather lightweight cedar-scented wood varying in color from pink to reddish brown
        subtype:  #African_mahogany  African tree having hard heavy odorless wood
        subtype:  #true_mahogany__Cuban_mahogany__Dominican_mahogany__Swietinia_mahogani  mahogany tree of West Indies
        subtype:  #Honduras_mahogany__Swietinia_macrophylla  an important Central American mahogany tree
        subtype:  #Philippine_cedar__Philippine_mahogany__kalantas__Toona_calantas__Cedrela_calantas  Philippine timber tree having hard red fragrant wood
        subtype:  #hardtack  a mountain mahogany
     subtype:  #chinaberry_tree__chinaberry__China_tree__Persian_lilac__pride-of-India__azederach__azedarach__Melia_azederach__Melia_azedarach  tree of northern India and China having purple blossoms and small inedible yellow fruits; naturalized in the southern United States as a shade tree
     subtype:  #neem_tree__neem__nim_tree__nimtree__margosa__arishth__Azadirachta_indica__Melia_Azadirachta  large semi-evergreen tree of East India; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia
     subtype:  #satinwood_tree__satinwoodtree__satinwood__chloroxylonswietenia  East Indian tree with valuable hard lustrous yellowish wood;
     subtype:  #silver_ash  any of various timber trees of the genus Flindersia
        subtype:  #native_beech__flindosa__flindosy__Flindersia_australis  tall Australian timber tree yielding tough hard wood used for staves etc
        subtype:  #bunji-bunji__bunjibunji__Flindersia_schottiana  Australian timber tree whose bark yields a poison
     subtype:  #lanseh_tree__langsat__langset__Lansium_domesticum  East Indian tree bearing an edible yellow berry
     subtype:  #African_walnut__Lovoa_klaineana  tropical African timber tree with wood that resembles mahogany
     subtype:  #turreae  any of numerous trees and shrubs grown for their beautiful glossy foliage and sweetly fragrant starry flowers
     subtype:  #lepidobotrys  African tree often classified in other families; similar to the Costa Rican caracolito in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds
     subtype:  #Ruptiliocarpon_caracolito__caracolito  large Costa Rican tree having light-colored wood suitable for cabinetry; similar to the African lepidobotrys in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds; often classified in other families
     subtype:  #cork_tree__Phellodendron_amurense  deciduous tree of China and Manchuria having a turpentine aroma and handsome compound leaves turning yellow in autumn and deeply fissured corky bark
     subtype:  #trifoliate_orange__trifoliata__wild_orange__wildorange__Poncirus_trifoliata  small fast-growing spiny deciduous Chinese orange tree bearing sweetly scented flowers and decorative but inedible fruit: used as a stock in grafting and for hedges
     subtype:  #prickly_ash__pricklyash  any of a number of trees or shrubs of the genus Zanthoxylum having spiny branches
        subtype:  #toothache_tree__toothachetree__sea_ash__seaash__Zanthoxylum_americanum__Zanthoxylum_fraxineum  small deciduous aromatic shrub (or tree) having spiny branches and yellowish flowers; eastern North America
        subtype:  #Hercules'-club__Hercules'-clubs__Hercules-club__Zanthoxylum_clava-herculis  densely spiny ornamental of southeastern United States and West Indies
     subtype:  #bitterwood_tree  any of various trees or shrubs of the family Simaroubaceae having wood and bark with a bitter taste
        subtype:  #marupa__Simarouba_amara  tree of the Amazon valley yielding a light brittle timber locally regarded as resistant to insect attack
        subtype:  #paradise_tree__bitterwood__Simarouba_glauca  medium to large tree of tropical North and South America having odd-pinnate leaves and long panicles of small pale yellow flowers followed by scarlet fruits
        subtype:  #Picrasma_excelsa__Jamaica_quassia__bitterwood__Picrasma_excelsum  West Indian tree yielding the drug Jamaica quassia
        subtype:  #bitterwood__quassia__Quassia_amara  handsome South American shrub or small tree having bright scarlet flowers and yielding a valuable fine-grained yellowish wood; yields the bitter drug quassia from its wood and bark
     subtype:  #Kirkia_wilmsii__pepper_tree  small African deciduous tree with spreading crown having leaves clustered toward ends of branches and clusters of creamy flowers resembling lilacs
     subtype:  #willow_tree__willow  any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix
        subtype:  #osier  any of various willows having pliable twigs used in basketry and furniture
           subtype:  #golden_willow__Salix_alba_vitellina__Salix_vitellina  European willow having grayish leaves and yellow-orange twigs used in basketry
           subtype:  #almond_willow__black_Hollander__Salix_triandra__Salix_amygdalina  Old World willow with light green leaves cultivated for use in basketry
           subtype:  #purple_willow__red_willow__redwillow__red_osier__redosier__basket_willow__purple_osier__Salix_purpurea  Eurasian osier having reddish or purple twigs and bark rich in tannin
           subtype:  #common_osier__hemp_willow__velvet_osier__Salix_viminalis  willow with long flexible twigs used in basketry
        subtype:  #white_willow__whitewillow__huntingdonwillow__Salix_alba  large willow tree of Eurasia and North Africa having grayish canescent leaves and gray bark
        subtype:  #silver_willow__silky_willow__silkywillow__salixalbasericea__Salix_sericea  North American willow with grayish silky pubescent leaves that usually blacken in drying
        subtype:  #cricket-bat_willow__cricketbatwillow__Salix_alba_caerulea  Eurasian willow tree having grayish leaves and ascending branches
        subtype:  #arctic_willow__Salix_arctica  low creeping shrub of Arctic Europe and America
        subtype:  #Babylonian_weeping_willow__weeping_willow__weepingwillow__Salix_babylonica  willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental
        subtype:  #Wisconsin_weeping_willow__Salix_pendulina__Salix_blanda__Salix_pendulina_blanda  hybrid willow usually not strongly weeping in habit
        subtype:  #pussy_willow__pussywillow__Salix_discolor  small willow of eastern North America having grayish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves
        subtype:  #sallow  any of several Old World shrubby broad-leaved willows having large catkins; some are important sources for tanbark and charcoal
           subtype:  #goat_willow__florist's_willow__florist'swillow__pussy_willow__pussywillow__Salix_caprea  much-branched Old World willow having large catkins and relatively large broad leaves
        subtype:  #peachleaf_willow__peachleafwillow__peach-leaved_willow__almond-leaves_willow__Salix_amygdaloides  willow of the western United States with leaves like those of peach or almond trees
        subtype:  #hoary_willow__hoarywillow__sage_willow__Salix_candida  North American shrub with whitish canescent leaves
        subtype:  #crack_willow__crackwillow__brittle_willow__brittlewillow__snap_willow__Salix_fragilis  large willow tree with stiff branches that are easily broken
        subtype:  #prairie_willow__prairiewillow__Salix_humilis  slender shrubby willow of dry areas of North America
        subtype:  #dwarf_willow__dwarfwillow__Salix_herbacea  widely distributed boreal shrubby willow with partially underground creeping stems and bright green glossy leaves
        subtype:  #gray_willow__Salix_cinerea  Eurasian shrubby willow with whitish tomentose twigs
        subtype:  #arroyo_willow__Salix_lasiolepis  shrubby willow of the western United States
        subtype:  #shining_willow__shiningwillow__Salix_lucida  common North American shrub with shiny lanceolate leaves
        subtype:  #swamp_willow__swampwillow__black_willow__blackwillow__Salix_nigra  North American shrubby willow having dark bark and linear leaves growing close to streams and lakes
        subtype:  #bay_willow__baywillow__laurel_willow__Salix_pentandra  European willow tree with shining leathery leaves; widely naturalized in the eastern United States
        subtype:  #balsam_willow__Salix_pyrifolia  small shrubby tree of eastern North America having leaves exuding an odor of balsam when crushed
        subtype:  #creeping_willow__Salix_repens  small trailing bush of Europe and Asia having straggling branches with silky green leaves of which several varieties are cultivated
        subtype:  #Sitka_willow__silky_willow__silkywillow__salixsitchensi  small shrubby tree of western North America (Alaska to Oregon)
        subtype:  #dwarf_gray_willow__sage_willow__Salix_tristis  willow shrub of dry places in the eastern United States having long narrow leaves canescent beneath
        subtype:  #bearberry_willow__bearberrywillow__Salix_uva-ursi  dwarf prostrate mat-forming shrub of arctic and alpine regions of North America and Greenland having deep green elliptic leaves that taper toward the base
     subtype:  #sandalwood_tree__true_sandalwood__Santalum_album  parasitic tree of Indonesia and Malaysia having fragrant close-grained yellowish heartwood with insect-repelling properties and used, e.g., for making chests
     subtype:  #quandong_tree__quandong__quandang__Eucarya_acuminata__Fusanus_acuminatus  Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nutlike seed
     subtype:  #soapberry_tree__soapberrytree__soapberry  a tree of the genus Sapindus whose fruit is rich in saponin
        subtype:  #wild_China_tree__Sapindus_drumondii__Sapindus_marginatus  deciduous tree of southwestern United States having pulpy fruit containing saponin
        subtype:  #China_tree__false_dogwood__falsedogwood__jaboncillo__chinaberry__Sapindus_saponaria  evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as soap by native Americans
     subtype:  #aroeira_blanca__aroeirablanca__Schinus_chichita  small resinous tree or shrub of Brazil
     subtype:  #pepper_tree__molle__Peruvian_mastic_tree__Schinus_molle  small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits
     subtype:  #Brazilian_pepper_tree__Schinus_terebinthifolius  small Brazilian evergreen resinous tree or shrub having dark green leaflets and white flowers followed by bright red fruit; used as a street tree and lawn specimen
     subtype:  #Diospyros_ebenum__ebony  tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork
     subtype:  #Andaman_marble__marblewood__Diospyros_kurzii  large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood
     subtype:  #balata_tree__balata__beefwood__bully_tree__bullytree__Manilkara_bidentata  a hard-wooded tropical tree yielding balata gum and heavy red timber
     subtype:  #Palaquium_gutta__gutta-percha_tree  East Indian tree yielding gutta-percha
     subtype:  #gutta-percha_tree  East Indian tree yielding gutta-percha
     subtype:  #marmalade_tree__marmaladetree__mammee__sapote__Pouteria_zapota__Calocarpum_zapota  tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum
     subtype:  #Christmas_bush__Christmas_tree__Ceratopetalum_gummiferum  Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration
     subtype:  #plane_tree__planetree__sycamore__platan  any of several trees of the genus Platanus having thin pale bark that scales off in small plates and lobed leaves and ball-shaped heads of fruits
        subtype:  #London_plane__Platanus_acerifolia  very large fast-growing tree much planted as a street tree
        subtype:  #American_sycamore__American_plane__buttonwood__Platanus_occidentalis  very large spreading plane tree of eastern and central North America to Mexico
        subtype:  #oriental_plane__Platanus_orientalis  large tree of southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
        subtype:  #California_sycamore__Platanus_racemosa  tall tree of Baja California having deciduous bark and large alternate palmately lobed leaves and ball-shaped clusters of flowers
        subtype:  #Arizona_sycamore__Platanus_wrightii  medium-sized tree of Arizona and adjacent regions having deeply lobed leaves and collective fruits in groups of 3 to 5
     subtype:  #calabash_tree__calabash__Crescentia_cujete  tropical American evergreen that produces large round gourds
     subtype:  #princewood__Spanish_elm__Cordia_gerascanthus  tropical American timber tree
     subtype:  #white_mangrove__whitemangrove__Avicennia_officinalis  a small to medium-sized tree growing in brackish water especially along the shores of the southwestern Pacific
     subtype:  #black_mangrove__blackmangrove__Aegiceras_majus  an Australian tree resembling the black mangrove of the West Indies and Florida
     subtype:  #Tectona_grandis__teak  tall East Indian timber tree now planted in western Africa and tropical America for its hard durable wood
     subtype:  #treelet  a small tree
     subtype:  #arbor  tree (as opposed to shrub)
     subtype:  #bean_tree  any of several trees having seedpods as fruits
        subtype:  #tonka_bean_tree__tonka_bean__tonkabean__Coumarouna_odorata__Dipteryx_odorata  tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring
        subtype:  #carob_bean_tree__carob__carob_tree__carobtree__algarroba__Ceratonia_siliqua  evergreen Mediterranean tree with edible pods; the biblical carob
        subtype:  #tamarind_tree__tamarind__tamarindo__Tamarindus_indica  long-lived tropical evergreen tree with a spreading crown and feathery evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers yielding hard yellowish wood and long pods with edible chocolate-colored acidic pulp
        subtype:  #Moreton_Bay_chestnut__Australia_chestnut  Australian tree having pinnate leaves and orange-yellow flowers followed by large woody pods containing 3 or 4 seeds that resemble chestnuts; yields dark strong wood
        subtype:  #catalpa__Indian_bean  tree of the genus Catalpa with large leaves and white flowers followed by long slender pods
           subtype:  #Catalpa_bignioides  catalpa tree of southern United States
           subtype:  #Catalpa_speciosa  catalpa tree of central United States
     subtype:  #pollard.tree  a tree with limbs cut back to promote a more bushy growth of foliage
     subtype:  #sapling  young tree
     subtype:  #shade_tree__shadetree  a tree planted or valued chiefly for its shade from sunlight
     subtype:  #gymnospermous_tree__gymnospermoustree  any tree of the division Gymnospermophyta
        subtype:  #gnetum__Gnetum_gnemon  small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour
        subtype:  #ginkgo__gingko__maidenhair_tree__Ginkgo_biloba  deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree
        subtype:  #conifer__coniferous_tree  any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones
           subtype:  #pine_tree__pine__true_pine  a coniferous tree
              subtype:  #pinon__pinyon  any of several low-growing pines of western North America
                 subtype:  #nut_pine__nutpine  any of several pinons bearing edible nutlike seeds
                    subtype:  #pinon_pine__pinonpine__Mexican_nut_pine__Pinus_cembroides  small 2- or 3-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas
                    subtype:  #Rocky_mountain_pinon__Pinus_edulis  small compact 2-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine
                    subtype:  #single-leaf_pinyon__single-leaf__single-leaf_pine__Pinus_monophylla  pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine
                 subtype:  #bishop_pine__bishop's_pine__Pinus_muricata  2- or 3-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast
                 subtype:  #California_single-leaf_pinyon__Pinus_californiarum  very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range
                 subtype:  #Parry's_pinyon__Pinus_quadrifolia__Pinus_parryana  5-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes 3- or 4-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)
              subtype:  #spruce_pine__Pinus_glabra  large 2-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood
              subtype:  #black_pine__blackpine__Pinus_nigra  large 2-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe
              subtype:  #northern_pitch_pine__pitch_pine__pitchpine__Pinus_rigida  large 3-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine
              subtype:  #pond_pine__Pinus_serotina  large 3-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine
              subtype:  #stone_pine__stonepine__umbrella_pine__European_nut_pine__Pinus_pinea  medium-sized 2-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds
              subtype:  #Swiss_pine__Swiss_stone_pine__arolla_pine__cembra_nut_tree__Pinus_cembra  large 5-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate
              subtype:  #Swiss_mountain_pine__mountain_pine__dwarf_mountain_pine__mugho_pine__mughopine__mugo_pine__Pinus_mugo  low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two
              subtype:  #ancient_pine__ancientpine__Pinus_longaeva  small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semi-desert mountain tops
              subtype:  #white_pine__whitepine  any of several 5-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light gray bark when young; especially the eastern white pine
                 subtype:  #American_white_pine__eastern_white_pine__easternwhitepine__weymouth_pine__Pinus_strobus  tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree
                 subtype:  #western_white_pine__westernwhitepine__silver_pine__mountain_pine__Pinus_monticola  tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is gray-brown with rectangular plates when mature
                 subtype:  #southwestern_white_pine__Pinus_strobiformis  medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature
                 subtype:  #limber_pine__Pinus_flexilis  western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-gray furrowed bark
                 subtype:  #whitebark_pine__whitebarkpine__whitebarked_pine__whitebarkedpine__Pinus_albicaulis  small pine of western North America; having smooth gray-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine
              subtype:  #yellow_pine  any of various pines having yellow wood
                 subtype:  #Pinus_ponderosa__ponderosa__ponderosa_pine__ponderosapine__western_yellow_pine__bull_pine  common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature
                 subtype:  #longleaf_pine__pitch_pine__pitchpine__southern_yellow_pine__Georgia_pine__Pinus_palustris  large 3-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree
                 subtype:  #shortleaf_pine__shortleafpine__short-leaf_pine__shortleaf_yellow_pine__Pinus_echinata  large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature
              subtype:  #Jeffrey_pine__Jeffrey's_pine__black_pine__blackpine__Pinus_jeffreyi  tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine
              subtype:  #shore_pine__shorepine__lodgepole__lodgepole_pine__lodgepolepine__spruce_pine__Pinus_contorta  shrubby 2-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares
              subtype:  #Sierra_lodgepole_pine__Pinus_contorta_murrayana  tall subspecies of lodgepole pine
              subtype:  #loblolly_pine__frankincense_pine__Pinus_taeda  tall spreading 3-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head
              subtype:  #jack_pine__Pinus_banksiana  slender medium-sized 2-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly gray to red-brown fissured bark
              subtype:  #swamp_pine__swamppine  any of several pines that prefer or endure moist situations such as loblolly pine or longleaf pine
              subtype:  #Canadian_red_pine__red_pine__redpine__Pinus_resinosa  pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark
              subtype:  #Scotch_pine__Scots_pine__Scotch_fir__Pinus_sylvestris  medium large 2-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark
              subtype:  #scrub_pine__scrubpine__Virginia_pine__Jersey_pine__Pinus_virginiana  common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2
              subtype:  #Monterey_pine__Pinus_radiata  tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark
              subtype:  #Rocky_Mountain_bristlecone_pine__bristlecone_pine__bristleconepine__pinusaristata  small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old
              subtype:  #table-mountain_pine__prickly_pine__pricklypine__hickorypine__Pinus_pungens  small 2-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales
              subtype:  #knobcone_pine__Pinus_attenuata  medium-sized 3-needled pine of United States Pacific coast having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone
              subtype:  #Japanese_red_pine__Japanese_table_pine__Pinus_densiflora  pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental
              subtype:  #Japanese_black_pine__black_pine__blackpine__Pinus_thunbergii  large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog
              subtype:  #Torrey_pine__Torrey's_pine__soledad_pine__soledadpine__gray-leaf_pine__sabine_pine__Pinus_torreyana  medium-sized 5-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones
           subtype:  #larch_tree__larchtree__larch  any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves
              subtype:  #American_larch__tamarack__black_larch__blacklarch__Larix_laricina  medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark
              subtype:  #western_larch__westernlarch__western_tamarack__westerntamarack__Oregon_larch__Larix_occidentalis  tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree
              subtype:  #subalpine_larch__subalpinelarch__Larix_lyallii  medium-sized larch of North American Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis
              subtype:  #European_larch__Larix_decidua  tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales
              subtype:  #Siberian_larch__Larix_siberica__Larix_russica  medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation
           subtype:  #golden_larch__Pseudolarix_amabilis  Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves
           subtype:  #fir_tree__firtree__fir__true_fir  any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
              subtype:  #silver_fir  any of various true firs having leaves white or silvery white beneath
                 subtype:  #amabilis_fir__white_fir__whitefir__Pacific_silver_fir__red_silver_fir__Christmas_tree__Abies_amabilis  medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed
                 subtype:  #European_silver_fir__Christmas_tree__Abies_alba  tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and gray bark
                 subtype:  #California_white_fir__white_fir__whitefir__Colorado_fir__Abies_concolor__Abies_lowiana  medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood
                 subtype:  #balsam_fir__balm_of_Gilead__Canada_balsam__Abies_balsamea  medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees
                 subtype:  #Fraser_fir__Abies_fraseri  small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves
                 subtype:  #lowland_fir__lowland_white_fir__lowlandwhitefir__giant_fir__giantfir__grand_fir__grandfir__Abies_grandis  lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves
                 subtype:  #Alpine_fir__subalpine_fir__subalpinefir__Abies_lasiocarpa  medium-tall Rocky Mountain timber tree having a narrowly conic to columnar crown
              subtype:  #Santa_Lucia_fir__bristlecone_fir__bristleconefir__Abies_bracteata__Abies_venusta  a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines
           subtype:  #true_cedar__cedar__cedar_tree__cedartree  any cedar of the genus Cedrus
              subtype:  #cedar_of_Lebanon__Cedrus_libani  cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height
              subtype:  #deodar_cedar__deodar__Himalayan_cedar__himalayancedar__Cedrus_deodara  tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber
              subtype:  #Atlas_cedar__Cedrus_atlantica  tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental
           subtype:  #spruce  any coniferous tree of the genus Picea
              subtype:  #Norway_spruce__Picea_abies  tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones
              subtype:  #weeping_spruce__weepingspruce__Brewer's_spruce__Picea_breweriana  medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches
              subtype:  #Engelmann_spruce__Engelmann's_spruce__Picea_engelmannii  tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes
              subtype:  #white_spruce__whitespruce__Picea_glauca  medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones
              subtype:  #black_spruce__blackspruce__piceamariana__spruce_pine  small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood
              subtype:  #Siberian_spruce__Picea_obovata  tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce
              subtype:  #oriental_spruce__Picea_orientalis  evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets
              subtype:  #Colorado_spruce__Colorado_blue_spruce__silver_spruce__Picea_pungens  tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward
              subtype:  #red_spruce__redspruce__easternspruce__yellow_spruce__Picea_rubens  medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood
           subtype:  #hemlock_tree__hemlocktree  an evergreen tree
              subtype:  #eastern_hemlock__Canadian_hemlock__spruce_pine__Tsuga_canadensis  common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood
              subtype:  #Carolina_hemlock__Tsuga_caroliniana  medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales
              subtype:  #mountain_hemlock__black_hemlock__blackhemlock__Tsuga_mertensiana  large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock
              subtype:  #western_hemlock__westernhemlock__Pacific_hemlock__west_coast_hemlock__Tsuga_heterophylla  tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree
           subtype:  #douglas_fir  tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles
              subtype:  #green_douglas_fir__greendouglasfir__douglas_spruce__douglasspruce__douglas_pine__douglaspine__douglas_hemlock__douglashemlock__Oregon_fir__Oregon_pine__Pseudotsuga_menziesii  lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones
              subtype:  #big-cone_spruce__big-cone_douglas_fir__Pseudotsuga_macrocarpa  douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long
           subtype:  #Cathaya  Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere
           subtype:  #cedar_tree__cedartree__cedar  any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars
              subtype:  #Chilean_cedar__Austrocedrus_chilensis  small well-shaped South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage
              subtype:  #Calocedrus_decurrens__incense_cedar__incensecedar__red_cedar__Libocedrus_decurrens  tall tree of North American Pacific coast having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark
              subtype:  #southern_white_cedar__coast_white_cedar__coastwhitecedar__atlanticwhitecedar__white_cypress__whitecypres__whitecedar__Chamaecyparis_thyoides  slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae
              subtype:  #Oregon_cedar__Port_Orford_cedar__Lawson's_cypress__Lawson's_cedar__Chamaecyparis_lawsoniana  large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet
              subtype:  #yellow_cypress__yellow_cedar__Nootka_cypress__Alaska_cedar__Chamaecyparis_nootkatensis  tall evergreen of North American Pacific coast often cultivated for ornament
              subtype:  #Japanese_cedar__Japan_cedar__sugi__Cryptomeria_japonica  tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood
              subtype:  #incense_cedar__incensecedar  any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood
              subtype:  #kawaka__Libocedrus_plumosa  New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress
              subtype:  #pahautea__Libocedrus_bidwillii__mountain_pine  evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka
           subtype:  #cypress_tree__cypresstree__cypress__cypres  any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones
              subtype:  #gowen_cypress__gowencypres__Cupressus_goveniana  small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the Pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress
              subtype:  #pygmy_cypress__pygmycypres__Cupressus_pigmaea__Cupressus_goveniana_pigmaea  rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress
              subtype:  #Santa_Cruz_cypress__Cupressus_abramsiana__Cupressus_goveniana_abramsiana  rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species
              subtype:  #Arizona_cypress__Cupressus_arizonica  Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage
              subtype:  #Guadalupe_cypress__Cupressus_guadalupensis  relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage
              subtype:  #Monterey_cypress__Cupressus_macrocarpa  tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting
              subtype:  #Mexican_cypress__cedar_of_Goa__Portuguese_cypress__Cupressus_lusitanica  tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa
              subtype:  #Italian_cypress__Mediterranean_cypress__Cupressus_sempervirens  tall Eurasian cypress with thin gray bark and ascending branches
           subtype:  #King_William_pine__Athrotaxis_selaginoides  evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves the curve inward
           subtype:  #metasequoia__dawn_redwood__Metasequoia_glyptostrodoides  large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China
           subtype:  #arborvitae  any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis
              subtype:  #western_red_cedar__red_cedar__canoe_cedar__canoecedar__Thuja_plicata  large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States
              subtype:  #American_arborvitae__northern_white_cedar__white_cedar__Thuja_occidentalis  small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets
              subtype:  #Oriental_arborvitae__Thuja_orientalis__Platycladus_orientalis  Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus
              subtype:  #hiba_arborvitae__Thujopsis_dolobrata  slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental
           subtype:  #keteleeria  Asiatic conifers resembling firs
           subtype:  #Wollemi_pine  newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned
           subtype:  #araucaria  any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds
              subtype:  #monkey_puzzle__chile_pine__chilepine__Araucaria_araucana  large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts
              subtype:  #norfolk_island_pine__Araucaria_heterophylla__Araucaria_excelsa  evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific
              subtype:  #new_caledonian_pine__Araucaria_columnaris  very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine
              subtype:  #bunya_bunya_tree__bunyabunyatree__bunya_bunya__bunyabunya__Araucaria_bidwillii  Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law
              subtype:  #hoop_pine__moreton_bay_pine__moretonbaypine__Araucaria_cunninghamii  pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood
           subtype:  #kauri_pine__kauripine__dammar_pine  any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin
              subtype:  #kaury__kauri__Agathis_australis  tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood
              subtype:  #amboina_pine__amboinapine__amboyna_pine__amboynapine__Agathis_dammara__Agathis_alba  native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin
              subtype:  #dundathu_pine__queensland_kauri__smooth_bark_kauri__Agathis_robusta  Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer
              subtype:  #red_kauri__redkauri__Agathis_lanceolata  New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark
           subtype:  #plum-yew  any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals
           subtype:  #celery_pine  Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves
              subtype:  #celery_top_pine__celery-topped_pine__Phyllocladus_asplenifolius  medium tall celery pine of Tasmania
              subtype:  #tanekaha__Phyllocladus_trichomanoides  medium tall celery pine of New Zealand
              subtype:  #Alpine_celery_pine__Phyllocladus_alpinus  small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand
           subtype:  #podocarp  any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed
           subtype:  #yacca_podocarp__yaccapodocarp__yacca__Podocarpus_coriaceus  West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves
           subtype:  #brown_pine__brownpine__Rockingham_podocarp__Podocarpus_elatus  large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure
           subtype:  #cape_yellowwood__African_yellowwood__Podocarpus_elongatus  South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown
           subtype:  #Podocarpus_totara__totara  valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves
           subtype:  #kahikatea__New_Zealand_Dacryberry__New_Zealand_white_pine__Dacrycarpus_dacrydioides__Podocarpus_dacrydioides  New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood
           subtype:  #rimu__imou_pine__red_pine__redpine__Dacrydium_cupressinum  tall New Zealand timber tree
           subtype:  #Dacrydium_colensoi__tarwood  New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes
           subtype:  #common_sickle_pine__Falcatifolium_falciforme  small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia
           subtype:  #yellow-leaf_sickle_pine__Falcatifolium_taxoides  a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew
           subtype:  #tarwood__newzealandmountainpine__Halocarpus_bidwilli__Dacrydium_bidwilli  New Zealand shrub
           subtype:  #westland_pine__silver_pine__Lagarostrobus_colensoi  timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood
           subtype:  #huon_pine__Lagarostrobus_franklinii__Dacrydium_franklinii  Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium
           subtype:  #Nageia_nagi__nagi  medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan
           subtype:  #miro__black_pine__blackpine__Prumnopitys_ferruginea__Podocarpus_ferruginea  New Zealand conifer
           subtype:  #matai__black_pine__blackpine__Prumnopitys_taxifolia__Podocarpus_spicata  New Zealand conifer
           subtype:  #plum-fruited_yew__Prumnopitys_andina__Prumnopitys_elegans  South American evergreen tree or shrub
           subtype:  #Prince_Albert_yew__Prince_Albert's_yew__Saxe-gothea_conspicua  small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile
           subtype:  #Sundacarpus_amara__Prumnopitys_amara__Podocarpus_amara  a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland
           subtype:  #Japanese_umbrella_pine__Sciadopitys_verticillata  tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs
           subtype:  #yew  any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves
              subtype:  #California_nutmeg__nutmeg-yew__Torreya_californica  California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor
              subtype:  #stinking_cedar__stinking_yew__Torrey_tree__Torreya_taxifolia  rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed
              subtype:  #Old_World_yew__English_yew__Taxus_baccata  predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world
              subtype:  #Pacific_yew__California_yew__western_yew__westernyew__Taxus_brevifolia  small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood
              subtype:  #Japanese_yew__Taxus_cuspidata  shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States
              subtype:  #Florida_yew__Taxus_floridana  small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves
              subtype:  #New_Caledonian_yew__Austrotaxus_spicata  large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii
              subtype:  #white-berry_yew__whiteberryyew__pseudotaxuschienii  yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries
     subtype:  #angiospermous_tree__angiospermoustree__flowering_tree__floweringtree  any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary
        subtype:  #ylang-ylang__ilang-ilang__Cananga_odorata  evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental
        subtype:  #katsura_tree__katsuratree__Cercidiphyllum_japonicum  rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn
        subtype:  #laurel  any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family
           subtype:  #true_laurel__bay__bay_laurel__baylaurel__bay_tree__baytree__Laurus_nobilis  small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors
           subtype:  #camphor_tree__camphortree__cinnamomumcamphora  large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor
           subtype:  #Ceylon_cinnamon_tree__cinnamon__Ceylon_cinnamon__Cinnamomum_zeylanicum  tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon
           subtype:  #Cinnamomum_cassia__cassia__cassia-bark_tree  Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon
           subtype:  #Saigon_cinnamon__Cinnamomum_loureirii  tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally
           subtype:  #laurel-tree__red_bay__redbay__Persea_borbonia  small tree of southern United States having dark red heartwood
           subtype:  #sassafras_tree__sassafrastree__sassafras__sassafra__Sassafras_albidum  yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America
           subtype:  #California_laurel__California_bay_tree__Oregon_myrtle__pepperwood__spice_tree__spicetree__sassafras_laurel__sassafraslaurel__California_olive__mountain_laurel__Umbellularia_californica  Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood
        subtype:  #magnolia  any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms
           subtype:  #southern_magnolia__evergreen_magnolia__evergreenmagnolia__largefloweringmagnolia__bull_bay__Magnolia_grandiflora  evergreen tree of southern United States having large stiff glossy leaves and huge white sweet-smelling flowers
           subtype:  #umbrella_magnolia__umbrella_tree__elkwood__Magnolia_tripetala  small deciduous open-crowned tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and large leaves in formations like umbrellas at the ends of branches
           subtype:  #earleaved_umbrella_tree__Magnolia_fraseri  small erect deciduous tree with large leaves in coiled formations at branch tips
           subtype:  #cucumber_tree__Magnolia_acuminata  American deciduous magnolia having large leaves and fruit like a small cucumber
           subtype:  #large-leaved_magnolia__large-leaved_cucumber_tree__great-leaved_macrophylla__Magnolia_macrophylla  large deciduous shrub or tree of southeastern United States having huge leaves in dense false whorls and large creamy flowers tinged purple toward the base
           subtype:  #saucer_magnolia__Chinese_magnolia__Magnolia_soulangiana  large deciduous shrub or small tree having large open rosy to purplish flowers; native to Asia; prized as an ornamental in eastern North America
           subtype:  #star_magnolia__Magnolia_stellata  deciduous shrubby magnolia from Japan having fragrant white starlike flowers blooming before leaves unfold; grown as an ornamental in United States
           subtype:  #sweet_bay__sweetbay__swamp_bay__swampbay__swamp_laurel__swamplaurel__Magnolia_virginiana  shrub or small tree having rather small fragrant white flowers; abundant in southeastern United States
        subtype:  #genus_manglietia__genusmanglietia  a genus of flowering tree of the family Magnoliaceae found from Malay to southern China
        subtype:  #tulip_tree__tuliptree__tulip_poplar__tulippoplar__yellow_poplar__canary_whitewood__Liriodendron_tulipifera  tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish yellow flowers and conelike fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work
        subtype:  #bocconia__tree_celandine__Bocconia_frutescens  small Central American tree having loose racemes of purple-tinted green flowers
        subtype:  #cream-of-tartar_tree__sour_gourd__Adansonia_gregorii  Australian tree having an agreeably acid fruit that resembles a gourd
        subtype:  #baobab__monkey-bread_tree__Adansonia_digitata  African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and fruit that resembles a gourd and has an edible pulp called monkey bread
        subtype:  #ceiba_tree__ceibatree__kapok__silk-cotton_tree__white_silk-cotton_tree__Bombay_ceiba__God_tree__Ceiba_pentandra  massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber
        subtype:  #balsa__Ochroma_lagopus  forest tree of lowland Central America having a strong very light wood; used for making floats and rafts and in crafts
        subtype:  #sterculia  any tree of the genus Sterculia
           subtype:  #Panama_tree__Sterculia_apetala  large deciduous tree native to Panama and from which the country takes its name; having densely leafy crown and naked trunk
           subtype:  #kalumpang__Java_olives__Sterculia_foetida  large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds sometimes used as food
        subtype:  #red_beech__redbeech__brown_oak__brownoak__booyong__crow's_foot__stave_wood__stavewood__silky_elm__silkyelm__Heritiera_trifoliolata__Terrietia_trifoliolata  large tree of Australasia
        subtype:  #looking_glass_tree__lookingglasstree__Heritiera_macrophylla  large evergreen tree of India and Burma whose leaves are silvery beneath
        subtype:  #looking-glass_plant__lookingglassplant__Heritiera_littoralis  small tree of coastal regions of Old World tropics whose leaves are silvery beneath
        subtype:  #Theobroma_cacao__theobromacacao__cacao__cacao_tree__cacaotree__chocolate_tree__chocolatetree  tropical American tree producing cacao beans
           subtype:  #cacao__cocoa_bean__cocoabean  seed of the cacao tree; ground roasted beans are source of chocolate
        subtype:  #rewa-rewa__New-Zealand_honeysuckle  slender elegant tree of New Zealand having racemes of red flowers and yielding valuable mottled red timber
        subtype:  #sorrel_tree__sourwood__titi__Oxydendrum_arboreum  deciduous shrubby tree of eastern North America having deeply fissured bark and sprays of small fragrant white flowers and sour-tasting leaves
        subtype:  #irontree__ironwood__ironwood_tree  a small slow-growing deciduous tree of northern Iran having a low domed shape
        subtype:  #Combretum_appiculatum__bush_willow  small deciduous tree of the Transvaal having spikes of yellow flowers
        subtype:  #bush_willow__Combretum_erythrophyllum  small South African tree having creamy yellow fragrant flowers usually growing on stream banks
        subtype:  #Queen's_crape_myrtle__pride-of-India__Lagerstroemia_speciosa  native to Asia, Australia, and East Indies, where it provides timber called pyinma; used elsewhere as an ornamental for its large showy flowers
        subtype:  #myrtaceous_tree  trees and shrubs
        subtype:  #myrtle  any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Myrtus
           subtype:  #common_myrtle__Myrtus_communis  European shrub with white or rosy flowers followed by black berries
        subtype:  #mangrove__Rhizophora_mangle  a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building
        subtype:  #dillenia  any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding flowers resembling magnolias which are followed by fruit that is used in curries and jellies and preserves
        subtype:  #gamboge_tree__gambogetree__Garcinia_hanburyi__Garcinia_cambogia__Garcinia_gummi-gutta  low spreading tree of Indonesia yielding an orange to brown gum resin (gamboge) used as a pigment when powdered
        subtype:  #Pipturus_albidus  Hawaiian tree of genus Pipturus having a bark (tapa) from which tapa cloth is made
        subtype:  #paper_mulberry__papermulberry__Broussonetia_papyrifera  shrubby Asiatic tree having bark (tapa) that resembles cloth; grown as a shade tree in Europe and America; male flowers are pendulous catkins and female are urn-shaped followed by small orange-red aggregate berries
        subtype:  #trumpetwood__trumpettree__snakewood__Cecropia_peltata  tropical American tree with large peltate leaves and hollow stems
        subtype:  #mountain_ebony__orchid_tree__Bauhinia_variegata  small East Indian tree having orchidlike flowers and hard dark wood
        subtype:  #royal_poinciana__royalpoinciana__flamboyant__flame_tree__flametree__peacock_flower__peacockflower__Delonix_regia__Poinciana_regia  showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
        subtype:  #Judas_tree__love_tree__Circis_siliquastrum  small tree of the eastern Mediterranean having abundant purplish-red flowers growing on old wood directly from stems and appearing before the leaves: widely cultivated in mild regions; wood valuable for veneers
        subtype:  #redbud__Cercis_canadenis  small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood
        subtype:  #mock_orange__mockorange__cherry_laurel__laurel_cherry__wild_orange__wildorange__Prunus_caroliniana  small flowering evergreen tree of southern United States
        subtype:  #fruit_tree__fruittree  tree bearing edible fruit
           subtype:  #custard_apple_tree__custardappletree__custard_apple__custardapple  any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp
              subtype:  #cherimoya_tree__cherimoyatree__cherimoya__Annona_cherimola  small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong fruit
              subtype:  #ilama_tree__ilamatree__ilama__Annona_diversifolia  tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit
              subtype:  #soursop_tree__soursoptree__soursop__pricklycustardapple__Annona_muricata  small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit
              subtype:  #bullock's_heart_tree__bullock'shearttree__bullock's_heart__bullock_heart__bullockheart__Annona_reticulata  small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit
              subtype:  #sweetsop_tree__sweetsop__Annona_squamosa  tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
              subtype:  #pond-apple_tree__pond_apple__Annona_glabra  small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock
              subtype:  #papaw_tree__papawtree__pawpaw__papaw__Asimina_triloba  small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit
           subtype:  #avocado_tree__avocadotree__Persea_Americana  tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits
           subtype:  #durian_tree__durian__durion__Durio_zibethinus  tree of southeastern Asia having edible oval fruit with a hard spiny rind
           subtype:  #toothbrush_tree__mustard_tree__mustardtree__Salvadora_persica  glabrous or pubescent evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Salvadora; twigs are fibrous and in some parts of the world are bound together in clusters and used as a toothbrush; shoots are used as camel fodder; plant ash provides salt
           subtype:  #olive_tree__olivetree  a tree of the genus Olea cultivated for its fruit
              subtype:  #European_olive_tree__olive__Olea_europaea  evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits
              subtype:  #black_maire__blackmaire__Olea_cunninghamii  northern Zealand tree having dense hard light-brown wood
              subtype:  #white_maire__whitemaire__Olea_lanceolata  small New Zealand tree having red pulpy one-seeded fruit
           subtype:  #anchovy_pear_tree__anchovy_pear__anchovypear__Grias_cauliflora  West Indian tree bearing edible fruit resembling mango
           subtype:  #Eugenia_corynantha__sour_cherry  Australian tree with sour red fruit
           subtype:  #pitanga__Surinam_cherry__Eugenia_uniflora  Brazilian tree with spicy red fruit; often cultivated in California and Florida
           subtype:  #rose-apple_tree__rose_apple__jambosa__Eugenia_jambos  tropical tree of the East Indies cultivated for its edible fruit
           subtype:  #jaboticaba_tree__jaboticaba__Myrciaria_cauliflora  small evergreen tropical tree native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern United States; grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches
           subtype:  #true_guava__guava__guava_bush__guavabush__Psidium_guajava  small tropical American shrubby tree; widely cultivated in warm regions for its sweet globular yellow fruit
           subtype:  #yellow_cattley_guava__guava__strawberry_guava__Psidium_littorale  small tropical shrubby tree bearing small yellowish fruit
           subtype:  #cattley_guava__cattleyguava__purple_strawberry_guava__Psidium_cattleianum__Psidium_littorale_longipes  small tropical shrubby tree bearing deep red oval fruit
           subtype:  #Brazilian_guava__Psidium_guineense  South American tree having fruit similar to the true guava
           subtype:  #pomegranate_tree__pomegranatetree__pomegranate__punicagranatum  shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit
           subtype:  #mangosteen_tree__mangosteen__Garcinia_mangostana  East Indian tree with thick leathery leaves and edible fruit
           subtype:  #mammee_tree__mammee_apple__mammee__mamey__mammeaamericana  tropical American tree having edible fruit with a leathery rind
           subtype:  #Carica_papaya__papaya__papaia__pawpaw__papaya_tree__melon_tree__melontree  tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large oblong yellow fruit
           subtype:  #mulberry_tree__mulberry  any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry
              subtype:  #white_mulberry__whitemulberry__Morus_alba  Asiatic mulberry with white to pale red fruit; leaves used to feed silkworms
              subtype:  #black_mulberry__blackmulberry__Morus_nigra  European mulberry having dark foliage and fruit
              subtype:  #red_mulberry__redmulberry__Morus_rubra  North American mulberry having dark purple edible fruit
           subtype:  #breadfruit_tree__breadfruit__Artocarpus_communis__Artocarpus_altilis  native to Pacific Islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread
           subtype:  #jackfruit_tree__jackfruittree__jackfruit__Artocarpus_heterophyllus  East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds
           subtype:  #marang_tree__marang__Artocarpus_odoratissima  Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit
           subtype:  #coco_plum_tree__coco_plum__cocoa_plum__cocoaplum__icaco__Chrysobalanus_icaco  small tropical American tree bearing edible plumlike fruit
           subtype:  #quince_bush__quince__Cydonia_oblonga  small Asian tree with pinkish flowers and pear-shaped fruit; widely cultivated
           subtype:  #loquat_tree__loquat__Japanese_medlar__Japanese_plum__Eriobotrya_japonica  evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free stone; native to China and Japan
           subtype:  #apple_tree__appletree  any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits
              subtype:  #orchard_apple_tree__orchardappletree__apple__Malus_pumila  native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits
              subtype:  #wild_apple__crab_apple__crabapple  any of numerous wild apple trees usually with small acid fruit
                 subtype:  #wild_crab__Malus_sylvestris  wild crab apple native to Europe; a chief ancestor of cultivated apples
                 subtype:  #American_crab_apple__garland_crab__garlandcrab__maluscoronaria  medium-sized tree of the eastern United States having pink blossoms and small yellow fruit
                 subtype:  #Oregon_crab_apple__Malus_fusca  small tree or shrub of western United States having white blossoms and tiny yellow or red fruit
                 subtype:  #Iowa_crab__Uowa_crab_apple__prairie_crab__prairiecrab__western_crab_apple__Malus_ioensis  wild crab apple of western United States with fragrant pink flowers
                    subtype:  #Bechtel_crab__flowering_crab__floweringcrab  derived from the Iowa crab and cultivated for its large double pink blossoms
              subtype:  #cultivated_crab_apple__crab_apple__crabapple  any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acid (usually bright red) fruit used for preserving or as ornamentals for their blossoms
                 subtype:  #Siberian_crab_apple__Siberian_crab__cherry_apple__cherry_crab__Malus_baccata  Asian wild crab apple cultivated in many varieties for it small acid usually red fruit used for preserving
                 subtype:  #Southern_crab_apple__flowering_crab__floweringcrab__Malus_angustifolia  small tree or shrub of southeastern United States; cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-colored blossoms
           subtype:  #medlar_tree__medlar__Mespilus_germanica  small deciduous Eurasian tree cultivated for its fruit that resemble crab apples
           subtype:  #plum_tree__plum  any of several trees producing edible oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single hard stone
              subtype:  #wild_plum_tree__wild_plum  an uncultivated plum tree or shrub
                 subtype:  #Allegheny_plum__Alleghany_plum__sloe__Prunus_alleghaniensis  wild plum of northeastern United States having dark purple fruits with yellow flesh
                 subtype:  #American_red_plum__August_plum__goose_plum__gooseplum__Prunus_americana  wild plum trees of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow flesh
                 subtype:  #chickasaw_plum__chickasawplum__hog_plum__hogplum__hog_plum_bush__Prunus_angustifolia  small native American shrubby tree bearing small edible yellow to reddish fruit
                 subtype:  #beach_plum_bush__beach_plum__beachplum__Prunus_maritima  seacoast shrub of northeastern North America having showy white blossoms and edible purple fruit
                 subtype:  #holly-leaved_cherry__holly-leaf_cherry__evergreen_cherry__evergreencherry__Prunus_ilicifolia  California evergreen wild plum with spiny leathery leaves and white flowers
              subtype:  #common_plum__Prunus_domestica  any of various widely distributed plums grown in the cooler temperate areas
              subtype:  #bullace__Prunus_insititia  small wild or half-domesticated Eurasian plum bearing small ovoid fruit in clusters
                 subtype:  #damson_plum_tree__damson_plum__Prunus_domestica_insititia  plum tree long cultivated for its edible fruit
              subtype:  #big-tree_plum__Prunus_mexicana  small tree of southwestern United States having purplish-red fruit sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its large leaves
              subtype:  #Canada_plum__Prunus_nigra  small tree native to northeastern North America having oblong orange-red fruit
              subtype:  #cherry_plum__myrobalan__myrobalanplum__Prunus_cerasifera  small Asiatic tree bearing edible red or yellow fruit; used in Europe as budding stock
              subtype:  #Japanese_plum__Prunus_salicina  small tree of China and Japan bearing large yellow to red plums usually somewhat inferior to European plums in flavor
              subtype:  #Sierra_plum__Pacific_plum__Prunus_subcordata  shrub of United States Pacific coast bearing small red insipid fruit
           subtype:  #plumcot_tree__plumcottree__plumcot  hybrid produced by crossing Prunus domestica and Prunus armeniaca
           subtype:  #apricot_tree__apricottree__apricot  Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach
              subtype:  #Japanese_apricot__mei__Prunus_mume  Japanese ornamental tree with fragrant white or pink blossoms and small yellow fruits
              subtype:  #common_apricot__Prunus_armeniaca  temperate zone tree bearing downy yellow to rosy fruits
              subtype:  #purple_apricot__black_apricot__blackapricot__Prunus_dasycarpa  small hybrid apricot of Asia and Asia Minor having purplish twigs and white flowers following by inferior purple fruit
           subtype:  #cherry_tree__cherry  any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood
              subtype:  #wild_cherry_tree__wild_cherry  an uncultivated cherry tree
                 subtype:  #bird_cherry_tree__bird_cherry  any of several small-fruited cherry trees frequented or fed on by birds
                    subtype:  #hagberry_tree__European_bird_cherry__common_bird_cherry__Prunus_padus  small European cherry tree closely resembling the American chokecherry
                    subtype:  #pin_cherry__pincherry__Prunus_pensylvanica  small shrubby North American wild cherry with small bright red acid fruit
                 subtype:  #black_cherry_tree__black_cherry__blackcherry__rumcherry__prunusserotina  large North American wild cherry with round black sour edible fruit
              subtype:  #sweet_cherry__sweetcherry__prunusavium  large Eurasian tree producing small dark bitter fruit in the wild but edible sweet fruit under cultivation
                 subtype:  #oxheart_cherry__oxheartcherry__heart_cherry__heartcherry  any of several cultivated sweet cherries having sweet juicy heart-shaped fruits
                 subtype:  #gean__mazzard__mazzard_cherry__mazzardcherry  wild or seedling sweet cherry used as stock for grafting
              subtype:  #capulin_tree__capulintree__capulin__Prunus_capuli  Mexican black cherry tree having edible fruit
              subtype:  #sour_cherry_tree__sour_cherry__Prunus_cerasus  rather small Eurasian tree producing red to black acid edible fruit
                 subtype:  #Prunus_cerasus_caproniana__amarelle  any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing pale red fruit with colorless juice
                 subtype:  #Prunus_cerasus_austera__morello  any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing fruit with dark skin and juice
                 subtype:  #Prunus_cerasus_marasca__marasca__marasca_cherry__marascacherry__maraschino_cherry  Dalmatian bitter wild cherry tree bearing fruit whose juice is made into maraschino liqueur
              subtype:  #Catalina_cherry__Prunus_lyonii  evergreen shrub or small tree found on Catalina Island (California)
              subtype:  #flowering_cherry__floweringcherry  any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Prunus cultivated for their showy white or pink single or double blossoms
                 subtype:  #fuji_cherry__fuji__Prunus_incisa  shrubby Japanese tree having pale pink blossoms
                 subtype:  #oriental_cherry__Japanese_cherry__Japanese_flowering_cherry__Prunus_serrulata  ornamental tree with inedible fruits widely cultivated in many varieties for its white blossoms
                 subtype:  #Japanese_flowering_cherry__Prunus_sieboldii  ornamental tree with inedible fruit widely cultivated in many varieties for its pink blossoms
                 subtype:  #rosebud_cherry__rosebudcherry__winter_flowering_cherry__Prunus_subhirtella  shrub or tree native to Japan cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-pink flowers
              subtype:  #chokecherry_tree__chokecherrytree__chokecherry__Prunus_virginiana  a common wild cherry of eastern North America having small bitter black berries favored by birds
                 subtype:  #western_chokecherry__westernchokecherry__Prunus_virginiana_demissa__Prunus_demissa  chokecherry of western United States
           subtype:  #almond_tree  any of several small bushy trees having pink or white blossoms and usually bearing nuts
              subtype:  #sweet_almond__sweetalmond__almond__Prunus_dulcis__Prunus_amygdalus__Amygdalus_communis  small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California
                 subtype:  #jordan_almond  variety of large almond from Malaga, Spain; used in confectionery
              subtype:  #bitter_almond__Prunus_dulcis_amara__Amygdalus_communis_amara  almond trees having white blossoms and poisonous nuts yielding an oil used for flavoring and for medicinal purposes
              subtype:  #dwarf_flowering_almond__dwarffloweringalmond__Prunus_glandulosa  small Chinese shrub with smooth unfurrowed dark red fruit grown especially for its red or pink or white flowers
              subtype:  #oriental_bush_cherry__flowering_almond__floweringalmond__Prunus_japonica  woody oriental plant with smooth unfurrowed red fruit grown especially for its white or pale pink blossoms
              subtype:  #dwarf_Russian_almond__Russian_almond__Prunus_tenella  Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers
              subtype:  #flowering_almond__floweringalmond__Prunus_triloba  deciduous Chinese shrub or small tree with often trilobed leaves grown for its pink-white flowers
           subtype:  #peach_tree__peachtree__peach__Prunus_persica  cultivated in temperate regions
           subtype:  #nectarine_tree__nectarinetree__nectarine__Prunus_persica_nectarina  variety or mutation of the peach bearing smooth-skinned fruit with usually yellow flesh
           subtype:  #pear_tree__pear__Pyrus_communis  Old World tree having sweet gritty-textured juicy fruit; widely cultivated in many varieties
           subtype:  #genipa  any tree of the genus Genipa bearing yellow flowers and edible fruit with a thick rind
              subtype:  #genipap_fruit__genipapfruit__jagua__marmalade_box__marmaladebox__Genipa_Americana  tree of the West Indies and northern South America bearing succulent edible orange-sized fruit
           subtype:  #Averrhoa_carambola__carambola__carambola_tree__carambolatree  East Indian tree bearing deeply ridged yellow-brown fruit
           subtype:  #Averrhoa_bilimbi__bilimbi  East Indian evergreen tree bearing very acid fruit
           subtype:  #citrus_tree__citrus  any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds
              subtype:  #orange_tree__orange  any citrus tree bearing oranges
                 subtype:  #bitter_orange_tree__sour_orange__Seville_orange__bitter_orange__bigarade__marmalade_orange__marmaladeorange__Citrus_aurantium  any of various common orange trees yielding sour or bitter fruit; used as grafting stock
                 subtype:  #bergamot_orange__bergamot__Citrus_bergamia  small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery; Italy
                 subtype:  #sweet_orange_tree__sweet_orange__sweetorange__Citrus_sinensis  probably native to southern China; widely cultivated as source of table and juice oranges
                 subtype:  #temple_orange_tree__temple_orange__tangor__king_orange__Citrus_nobilis  large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely cultivated in Florida
              subtype:  #pomelo_tree__pomelo__pummelo__Citrus_maxima__Citrus_grandis__Citrus_decumana  southeastern Asian tree producing large fruits resembling grapefruits
              subtype:  #citron_tree__citron__Citrus_medica  thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemonlike fruits that have thick warty rind
              subtype:  #Citrus_paradisi__grapefruit  citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp
              subtype:  #mandarin_orange_tree__mandarin__mandarin_orange__Citrus_reticulata  shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia
                 subtype:  #tangerine_tree__tangerinetree__tangerine  a variety of mandarin orange
                 subtype:  #clementine_tree__clementine  a variety of mandarin orange
                 subtype:  #satsuma_tree__satsumatree__satsuma  a variety of mandarin orange
              subtype:  #Citrus_tangelo__tangelo__tangelotree__ugli_fruit  hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin orange; cultivated especially in Florida
              subtype:  #rangpur_lime__rangpurlime__rangpur__lemanderin__Citrus_limonia  hybrid between mandarin orange and lemon having very acid fruit with orange peel
              subtype:  #lemon_tree__lemontree__lemon__Citrus_limon  a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit
                 subtype:  #sweet_lemon__sweet_lime__sweetlime__Citrus_limetta  lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp
              subtype:  #lime_tree__lime__Citrus_aurantifolia  any of various related trees bearing limes
              subtype:  #citrange_tree__citrange__Citroncirus_webberi  more aromatic and acidic than oranges
              subtype:  #kumquat_tree__kumquattree__kumquat__cumquat  any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored skin and sour pulp
                 subtype:  #marumi_kumquat__marumi__round_kumquat__roundkumquat__Fortunella_japonica  shrub bearing round-fruited kumquats
                 subtype:  #nagami_kumquat__nagami__oval_kumquat__Fortunella_margarita  shrub bearing oval-fruited kumquats
           subtype:  #wild_mango_tree__wild_mango__dika__Irvingia_gabonensis  African tree with edible yellow fruit resembling mangos; valued for its oil-rich seed and hardy green termite-resistant wood
           subtype:  #akee_tree__akee__Blighia_sapida  widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by Captain Bligh of HMS Bounty
           subtype:  #Dimocarpus_longan__longan__lungen__longanberry__euphorialitchi__Nephelium_longana  tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphoria or Nephelium
           subtype:  #Nephelium_litchi__litchi__lichee__litchi_tree__Litchi_chinensis  Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Nephelium
           subtype:  #Spanish_lime_tree__Spanish_lime__honey_berry__honeyberry__mamoncillo__genip__ginep__Melicocca_bijuga__Melicocca_bijugatus  tropical American tree bearing a small edible fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp
           subtype:  #rambutan_tree__rambutan__rambotan__Nephelium_lappaceum  Malayan tree bearing spiny red fruit
           subtype:  #pulasan_tree__pulasantree__pulasan__pulassan__Nephelium_mutabile  East Indian fruit tree bearing fruit similar to but sweeter than that of the rambutan
           subtype:  #mango_tree__mangotree__mango__Mangifera_indica  large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval smooth-skinned fruit
           subtype:  #yellow_mombin_tree__hog_plum__hogplum__yellow_mombin__Spondias_mombin  tropical American tree having edible yellow fruit
           subtype:  #mombin_tree__mombin__jocote__Spondias_purpurea  common tropical American shrub or small tree with purplish fruit
           subtype:  #persimmon_tree__persimmontree__persimmon  any of several tropical trees of the genus Diospyros
              subtype:  #Japanese_persimmon__kaki__Diospyros_kaki  small deciduous Asiatic tree bearing large red or orange edible astringent fruit
              subtype:  #American_persimmon__possumwood__Diospyros_virginiana  medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe
              subtype:  #date_plum__Diospyros_lotus  an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes
           subtype:  #star_apple__caimito__Chrysophyllum_cainito  evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides
           subtype:  #sapodilla_tree__sapodillatree__sapodilla__Manilkara_zapota__Achras_zapota  large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Achras
           subtype:  #canistel_tree__canistel__Pouteria_campechiana_nervosa  tropical tree of Florida and West Indies yielding edible fruit
        subtype:  #mountain_ash  any of various trees of the genus Sorbus
           subtype:  #rowan_tree__rowantree__rowan__europeanmountainash__Sorbus_aucuparia  Eurasian tree with orange-red berrylike fruits
           subtype:  #American_mountain_ash__Sorbus_americana  a variety of mountain ash
           subtype:  #Western_mountain_ash__Sorbus_sitchensis  an ash of the Western coast of North America
           subtype:  #service_tree__servicetree__sorb_apple__sorb_apple_tree__Sorbus_domestica  medium-sized European tree resembling the rowan but bearing edible fruit
              subtype:  #wild_service_tree__Sorbus_torminalis  European tree bearing edible small speckled brown fruit
        subtype:  #ailanthus__ailanthu  any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus
           subtype:  #tree_of_heaven__tree_of_the_gods__Ailanthus_altissima  deciduous rapidly growing tree of China with foliage like sumac and sweetish fetid flowers; widely planted in United States as a street tree because of its resistance to pollution
        subtype:  #palo_santo__Bulnesia_sarmienti  South American tree of dry interior regions of Argentina and Paraguay having resinous heartwood used for incense
        subtype:  #Guaiacum_officinale__lignum_vitae  small evergreen tree of Caribbean and southern Central America to northern South America; a source of lignum vitae wood, hardest of commercial timbers, and a medicinal resin
        subtype:  #bastard_lignum_vitae__Guaiacum_sanctum  small evergreen tree of the southern United States and West Indies a source of lignum vitae wood
        subtype:  #poplar_tree__poplar  any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins
           subtype:  #balsam_poplar__hackmatack__tacamahac__populusbalsamifera  poplar of northeastern North America with broad heart-shaped leaves
           subtype:  #white_poplar__whitepoplar__whiteaspen__abele__aspen_poplar__aspenpoplar__silver-leaved_poplar__Populus_alba  a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves with whitish undersurfaces
           subtype:  #gray_poplar__Populus_canescens  large rapidly growing poplar with faintly lobed dentate leaves gray on the lower surface; native to Europe but introduced and naturalized elsewhere
           subtype:  #black_poplar__blackpoplar__Populus_nigra  large European poplar
              subtype:  #Lombardy_poplar__lombardypoplar__Populus_nigra_italica  distinguished by its columnar fastigiate shape and erect branches
           subtype:  #cottonwood  any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed
              subtype:  #Eastern_cottonwood__necklace_poplar__Populus_deltoides  a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber
              subtype:  #black_cottonwood__blackcottonwood__Western_balsam_poplar__Populus_trichocarpa  cottonwood of western North America with dark green leaves shining above and rusty or silvery beneath
              subtype:  #swamp_cottonwood__swampcottonwood__black_cottonwood__blackcottonwood__downy_poplar__downypoplar__swamp_poplar__swamppoplar__Populus_heterophylla  North American poplar with large rounded scalloped leaves and brownish bark and wood
           subtype:  #aspen  any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind
              subtype:  #European_quaking_aspen__quaking_aspen__quakingaspen__Populus_tremula  Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North Africa
              subtype:  #American_quaking_aspen__American_aspen__Populus_tremuloides  slender aspen native to North America
              subtype:  #Canadian_aspen__bigtooth_aspen__bigtoothed_aspen__big-toothed_aspen__bigtoothedaspen__large-toothed_aspen__largetoothedaspen__large_tooth_aspen__largetoothaspen__Populus_grandidentata  aspen with a narrow crown; eastern North America
        subtype:  #titi__buckwheat_tree__buckwheattree__Cliftonia_monophylla  tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers
        subtype:  #maple  any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone
           subtype:  #silver_maple__Acer_saccharinum  a common North American maple tree; 5-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard close-grained but brittle light-brown wood
           subtype:  #sugar_maple__rock_maple__Acer_saccharum  maple of eastern and central North America having 3- to 5-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and maple sugar; many subspecies
           subtype:  #red_maple__redmaple__scarlet_maple__scarletmaple__swamp_maple__swampmaple__Acer_rubrum  maple of eastern and central America; 5-lobed leaves scarlet and yellow in autumn
           subtype:  #moosewood__stripedmaple__striped_dogwood__goosefoot_maple__Acer_pennsylvanicum  maple of eastern North America with striped bard and large 2-lobed leaves clear yellow in autumn
           subtype:  #Oregon_maple__big-leaf_maple__Acer_macrophyllum  maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn
           subtype:  #dwarf_maple__dwarfmaple__Rocky-mountain_maple__Acer_glabrum  small maple of northwestern North America
           subtype:  #mountain_maple__mountain_alder__Acer_spicatum  small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn
           subtype:  #vine_maple__Acer_circinatum  small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets
           subtype:  #hedge_maple__hedgemaple__field_maple__fieldmaple__Acer_campestre  shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge
           subtype:  #Norway_maple__Acer_platanoides  a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; 5-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties
           subtype:  #great_maple__greatmaple__sycamore__scottish_maple__Acer_pseudoplatanus  Eurasian maple tree with pale gray bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn
           subtype:  #box_elder__boxelder__ash-leaved_maple__Acer_negundo  common shade tree of eastern and central United States
              subtype:  #California_box_elder__Acer_negundo_Californicum  maple of the United States Pacific coast; fruits are white when mature
           subtype:  #pointed-leaf_maple__Acer_argutum  small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn
           subtype:  #full_moon_maple__Japanese_maple__Acer_japonicum  leaves deeply incised and bright red in autumn; Japan
           subtype:  #Japanese_maple__Acer_palmatum  ornamental shrub or small tree of Japan and Korea with deeply incised leaves; cultivated in many varieties
        subtype:  #holly  any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges
           subtype:  #possum_haw__bearberry__winterberry__Ilex_decidua  deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States
           subtype:  #inkberry__gallberry__evergreenwinterberry__Ilex_glabra  evergreen holly of eastern North America with oblong leathery leaves and small black berries
           subtype:  #Paraguay_tea__mate__Ilex_paraguariensis  South American holly; leaves used in making a drink like tea
           subtype:  #American_holly__Christmas_holly  an evergreen tree
           subtype:  #low_gallberry_holly__lowgallberryholly  an evergreen shrub
           subtype:  #tall_gallberry_holly  an evergreen shrub
           subtype:  #yaupon_holly  an evergreen shrub
           subtype:  #deciduous_holly  a holly tree
           subtype:  #juneberry_holly__juneberryholly  a holly shrub
           subtype:  #largeleaf_holly  a holly tree
           subtype:  #Geogia_holly  a holly shrub
           subtype:  #common_winterberry_holly  a holly shrub
           subtype:  #smooth_winterberry_holly  a holly shrub
        subtype:  #terebinth__Pistacia_terebinthus  a Mediterranean tree yielding Chian turpentine
        subtype:  #Aesculus_hippocastanum__horse_chestnut__horsechestnut__buckeye  tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds
           subtype:  #sweet_buckeye__sweetbuckeye  a tall and often cultivated buckeye of the central United States
           subtype:  #Ohio_buckeye  a buckeye with scaly gray bark that is found in the central United States
           subtype:  #dwarf_buckeye__dwarfbuckeye__bottlebrush_buckeye__bottlebrushbuckeye  a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States
           subtype:  #red_buckeye  a shrub buckeye of southern United States
           subtype:  #particolored_buckeye  a buckeye marked by different colors or tints
        subtype:  #satinleaf__satin_leaf__satinleaf__caimitillo__damson_plum__Chrysophyllum_oliviforme  tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and small plumlike purple fruit
        subtype:  #silver_bell  any of various deciduous trees of the genus Halesia having white bell-shaped flowers
           subtype:  #silver-bell_tree__silverbell_tree__snowdrop_tree__opossum_wood__opossumwood__Halesia_carolina__Halesia_tetraptera  medium-sized tree of West Virginia to Florida and Texas
        subtype:  #Equador_laurel__Spanish_elm__salmwood__cypre__princewood__Cordia_alliodora  large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy white flowers and valuable wood
        subtype:  #physic_nut__Jatropha_curcus  small tropical American tree yielding purple dye and a tanning extract and bearing physic nuts containing a purgative oil that is poisonous in large quantities
        subtype:  #para_rubber_tree__caoutchouc_tree__Hevea_brasiliensis  deciduous tree of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers having leathery leaves and fragrant yellow-white flowers; the rubber tree usually cultivated in plantations; chief source of Para rubber
        subtype:  #varnish_tree__varnishtree__Aleurites_moluccana  large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles
        subtype:  #tung_tree__tung__tung-oil_tree__Aleurites_fordii  Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil
        subtype:  #dogwood_tree__dogwoodtree__cornel  a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers
           subtype:  #common_white_dogwood__eastern_flowering_dogwood__easternfloweringdogwood__Cornus_florida  deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries
           subtype:  #red_osier_dogwood__redosierdogwood__red_osier__redosier__red_dogwood__reddogwood__American_dogwood__redbrush__Cornus_stolonifera  common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers
           subtype:  #silky_dogwood__silkydogwood__Cornus_obliqua  shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel
           subtype:  #silky_cornel__silkycornel__silky_dogwood__silkydogwood__Cornus_amomum  shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit
           subtype:  #common_European_dogwood__red_dogwood__reddogwood__blood-twig__bloodtwig__pedwood__Cornus_sanguinea  European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers
           subtype:  #bunchberry__dwarf_cornel__dwarfcornel__crackerberry__pudding_berry__puddingberry__Cornus_canadensis  creeping red-berried perennial herb distinguished by clustered leaf whorls at tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska
           subtype:  #cornelian_cherry__corneliancherry__cornusma  deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit
        subtype:  #nut_tree__nuttree  tree bearing edible nuts
           subtype:  #kola_nut_tree__kola__kola_nut__goora_nut__gooranut__Cola_acuminata  tree bearing large brown nuts containing e.g. caffeine; source of cola extract
           subtype:  #macadamia_tree__macadamiatree__macadamia  any tree of the genus Macadamia
              subtype:  #Macadamia_integrifolia  medium-sized tree of eastern Australia having creamy-white flowers
              subtype:  #macadamia_nut_tree__macadamianuttree__macadamia_nut__macadamianut__Macadamia_ternifolia  small Australian tree with racemes of pink flowers; widely cultivated (especially in Hawaii) for its sweet edible nuts
              subtype:  #Queensland_nut__Macadamia_tetraphylla  bushy tree with pink to purple flowers
           subtype:  #hazelnut_tree__hazelnut__hazel  any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk
              subtype:  #American_hazel__Corylus_americana  nut-bearing shrub of eastern North America
              subtype:  #cobnut__filbert__Corylus_avellana__Corylus_avellana_grandis  small nut-bearing tree much grown in Europe
              subtype:  #beaked_hazelnut__Corylus_cornuta  hazel of western United States with conspicuous beaklike involucres on the nuts
           subtype:  #walnut_tree__walnut  any of various trees of the genus Juglans
              subtype:  #California_black_walnut__Juglans_californica  medium-sized tree with somewhat aromatic compound leaves and edible nuts
              subtype:  #butternut_tree__butternuttree__butternut__white_walnut__whitewalnut__juglanscinerea  North American walnut tree having light-brown wood and edible nuts; source of a light-brown dye
              subtype:  #black_walnut_tree__black_walnut__blackwalnut__black_hickory__blackhickory__Juglans_nigra  North American walnut tree with hard dark wood and edible nut
              subtype:  #English_walnut_tree__English_walnut__Circassian_walnut__Persian_walnut__Juglans_regia  Eurasian walnut valued for its large edible nut and its hard richly figured wood; widely cultivated
           subtype:  #hickory_tree__hickorytree__hickory  American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts
              subtype:  #water_hickory__waterhickory__bitter_pecan__water_bitternut__waterbitternut__Carya_aquatica  hickory of southern United States having many narrow leaflets and rather bitter nuts
              subtype:  #pignut_hickory__pignut__brown_hickory__brownhickory__black_hickory__blackhickory__Carya_glabra  an American hickory tree having bitter nuts
              subtype:  #bitternut_hickory__bitternuthickory__bitternut__bitter_hickory__bitter_pignut__swamp_hickory__swamphickory__Carya_cordiformis  hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9 leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts
              subtype:  #big_shellbark_hickory__bigshellbarkhickory__big_shellbark__bigshellbark__big_shagbark__bigshagbark__king_nut__king_nut_hickory__Carya_laciniosa  hickory of the eastern United States resembling the shagbark but having a much larger nut
              subtype:  #nutmeg_hickory__Carya_myristicaeformis__Carya_myristiciformis  hickory of southern United States and Mexico having hard nutmeg-shaped nuts
              subtype:  #shagbark_hickory__shagbark__shellbark__shellbark_hickory__shellbarkhickory__Carya_ovata  North American hickory having loose gray shaggy bark and edible nuts
              subtype:  #mockernut_hickory__mockernuthickory__mockernut__black_hickory__blackhickory__white-heart_hickory__whitehearthickory__big-bud_hickory__bigbudhickory__Carya_tomentosa  smooth-barked North American hickory with 7 to 9 leaflets bearing a hard-shelled edible nut
           subtype:  #pecan_tree__pecantree__pecan__Carya_illinoensis__Carya_illinoinsis  tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts
           subtype:  #wingnut  any tree of the genus Pterocarya; fruit is a small winged nutlet; Caucasus to southeastern Asia
              subtype:  #Caucasian_walnut__Pterocarya_fraxinifolia  medium-sized Caucasian much-branched tree distinguished from other walnut trees by its winged fruit
           subtype:  #brazil_nut__brazil-nut_tree__Bertholletia_excelsa  tall South American tree bearing brazil nuts
           subtype:  #cashew_tree__cashew__Anacardium_occidentale  tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted
           subtype:  #pistachio_tree__pistachiotree__pistachio__Pistacia_vera  small tree of southern Europe and Asia Minor bearing small hard-shelled nuts
        subtype:  #spice_tree__spicetree  tree bearing aromatic bark or berries
           subtype:  #nutmeg_tree__nutmeg__Myristica_fragrans  East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace
           subtype:  #allspice_tree__allspice__pimento_tree__pimentotree__pimentadioica  aromatic West Indian tree that produces allspice berries
           subtype:  #Pimenta_officinalis__allspice_tree  tropical American tree having small white flowers and aromatic berries
           subtype:  #clove_tree__clovetree__clove__Syzygium_aromaticum__Eugenia_aromaticum__Eugenia_caryophyllatum  moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves
     subtype:  #fever_tree__fevertree  any of several trees having leaves or barks used to allay fever or thought to indicate regions free of fever
     subtype:  #bonsai  a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot
        subtype:  #ming_tree  a dwarfed evergreen conifer or shrub shaped to have flat-topped asymmetrical branches and grown in a container
        subtype:  #ming_tree.bonsai__mingtree  an artificial plant resembling a bonsai
     subtype:  #nakedwood  any of several small to medium-sized trees of Florida and West Indies with thin scaly bark and heavy dark heartwood
     subtype:  #hazel_tree__hazeltree__hazel__Pomaderris_apetala  Australian tree grown especially for ornament and its fine-grained wood and bearing edible nuts
     subtype:  #tree_of_knowledge  the biblical tree in the Garden of Eden whose forbidden fruit was tasted by Adam and Eve
  subtype:  #shrub__bush  a low woody perennial plant usually having several major branches
     subtype:  #ephedra__joint_fir__jointfir  jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds
        subtype:  #mahuang__Ephedra_sinica  Chinese ephedra yielding ephedrine
     subtype:  #alpine_totara__Podocarpus_nivalis  low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains
     subtype:  #Chilean_rimu__Lepidothamnus_fonkii  about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile
     subtype:  #mountain_rimu__Lepidothamnus_laxifolius__Dacridium_laxifolius  low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand
     subtype:  #Tasman_dwarf_pine__Microstrobos_niphophilus  small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches
     subtype:  #barberry  any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries
        subtype:  #American_barberry__Berberis_canadensis  deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed by ellipsoid glossy red berries
        subtype:  #common_barberry__European_barberry__Berberis_vulgaris  upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries
        subtype:  #Japanese_barberry__Berberis_thunbergii  compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges
     subtype:  #blue_cohosh__blueberry_root__blueberryroot__papooseroot__papoose_root__papooseroot__squawroot__squawroot__caulophyllumthalictrioide__Caulophyllum_thalictroides  tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally
     subtype:  #Oregon_holly_grape__Oregon_grape__hollygrape__mountain_grape__holly-leaves_barberry__Mahonia_aquifolium  ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries
     subtype:  #Oregon_grape__Mahonia_nervosa  small shrub with gray-green leaves and yellow flowers followed by glaucous blue berries
     subtype:  #allspice.shrub  deciduous shrubs having aromatic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States
        subtype:  #Carolina_allspice__strawberry_shrub__strawberry_bush__sweet_shrub__sweetshrub__Calycanthus_floridus  hardy shrub of southeastern United States having clove-scented wood and fragrant red-brown flowers
        subtype:  #spicebush__California_allspice__Calycanthus_occidentalis  straggling aromatic shrub of southwestern United States having fragrant brown flowers
     subtype:  #Japan_allspice__Japanese_allspice__winter_sweet__Chimonanthus_praecox  deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers
     subtype:  #American_spicebush__spicebush__spice_bush__spicebush__Benjamin_bush__Lindera_benzoin__Benzoin_odoriferum  deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries
     subtype:  #pepper_shrub__Pseudowintera_colorata__Wintera_colorata  evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having small black fruits
     subtype:  #sweet_gale__sweetgale__Scotch_gale__Myrica_gale  bog shrub of north temperate zone having bitter-tasting fragrant leaves
     subtype:  #wax_myrtle__waxmyrtle  any shrub or small tree of the genus Myrica with aromatic foliage and small wax-coated berries
        subtype:  #bay_myrtle__baymyrtle__puckerbush__Myrica_cerifera  evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax used for candles
        subtype:  #bayberry__candleberry__swampcandleberry__waxberry__Myrica_pensylvanica  deciduous aromatic shrub of eastern North America with gray-green wax-coated berries
     subtype:  #sweet_fern__sweetfern__Comptonia_peregrina__Comptonia_asplenifolia  deciduous shrub of eastern North America with sweet scented fernlike leaves and tiny white flowers
     subtype:  #corkwood_tree__corkwood__Leitneria_floridana  very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood
     subtype:  #mimosa.shrub  any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and compound leaves
        subtype:  #Mimosa_sensitiva__sensitive_plant__sensitiveplant  semi-climbing prickly evergreen shrub of tropical America having compound leaves sensitive to light and touch
        subtype:  #sensitive_plant__sensitiveplant__touch-me-not__shame_plant__shameplant__live-and-die__humble_plant__action_plant__Mimosa_pudica  prostrate or semi-erect subshrub of tropical America, and Australia; heavily armed with recurved thorns and having sensitive soft gray-green leaflets that fold and droop at night or when touched or cooled
     subtype:  #Anadenanthera_colubrina__Piptadenia_macrocarpa  Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods; sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia
     subtype:  #calliandra  any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers
     subtype:  #Lysiloma_sabicu__sabicu  West Indian tree yielding la hard dark born wood resembling mahogany in texture and value
     subtype:  #cat's-claw__cat'sclaw__catclaw__black_bead__blackbead__Pithecellodium_unguis-cati  erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida
     subtype:  #mesquite__mesquit  any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large sugar-rich pods
        subtype:  #Western_honey_mesquite__honey_mesquite__honeymesquite__Prosopis_glandulosa  thorny deep-rooted drought-resistant shrub native to southwestern United States and Mexico bearing pods rich in sugar and important as livestock feed; tends to form extensive thickets
        subtype:  #Prosopis_juliflora__algarroba__Prosopis_juliiflora  mesquite of Gulf Coast and Caribbean islands from Mexico to Venezuela
        subtype:  #screwbean__screw_bean__screwbean__tornillo__screwbean_mesquite__screwbeanmesquite__Prosopis_pubescens  shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally twisted pods
     subtype:  #poison_arrow_plant__winter_sweet__Acocanthera_oblongifolia__Acocanthera_spectabilis  medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits
     subtype:  #bushman's_poison__bushman'spoison__ordeal_tree__Acocanthera_oppositifolia__Acocanthera_venenata  evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa
     subtype:  #impala_lily__mock_azalia__desert_rose__kudu_lily__Adenium_obesum__Adenium_multiflorum  South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics
     subtype:  #carissa  a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plumlike red to purple-black fruits
        subtype:  #hedge_thorn__natal_plum__natalplum__Carissa_bispinosa  South African shrub having forked spines and plumlike fruit; frequently used as hedging
        subtype:  #natal_plum__natalplum__amatungulu__Carissa_macrocarpa__Carissa_grandiflora  very large closely branched South African shrub having forked bright green spines and shiny leaves
     subtype:  #frangipani__frangipanni  any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers
        subtype:  #pagoda_tree__temple_tree__Plumeria_acutifolia  frangipani of India having an erect habit and conical form; grown in temple gardens
        subtype:  #West_Indian_jasmine__pagoda_tree__Plumeria_alba  tall sparingly branched conical tree having large fragrant yellow flowers with white centers
     subtype:  #rauvolfia__rauwolfia  any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives
        subtype:  #snakewood__rauwolfiaserpentina  East Indian climbing shrub with twisted limbs and roots resembling serpents
     subtype:  #strophanthus  any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and few-flowered corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds
        subtype:  #Strophanthus_kombe  plant that is a source of strophanthin
     subtype:  #crape_jasmine__crapejasmine__crepe_jasmine__crepejasmine__crepe_gardenia__crepegardenia__pinwheel_flower__East_Indian_rosebay__Adam's_apple__Nero's_crown__coffee_rose__Tabernaemontana_divaricate  tropical shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand
     subtype:  #yellow_oleander__Thevetia_peruviana__Thevetia_neriifolia  tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous
     subtype:  #American_angelica_tree__devil's_walking_stick__devil'swalkingstick__Hercules'-club__Aralia_spinosa  small deciduous clump-forming tree or shrub of eastern United States
     subtype:  #Japanese_angelica_tree__Aralia_elata  deciduous clump-forming Asian shrub or small tree; adventive in the eastern United States
     subtype:  #Chinese_angelica_tree__Chinese_angelica__Aralia_stipulata  similar to American angelica tree but less prickly; China
     subtype:  #umbrella_tree__Schefflera_actinophylla__Brassaia_actinophylla  erect evergreen shrub or small tree of Australia and northern Guinea having palmately compound leaves
     subtype:  #Batis_maritima__saltwort  low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves
     subtype:  #saltbush  any of various shrubby plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in dry alkaline soil
        subtype:  #desert_holly__Atriplex_hymenelytra  handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for Christmas decoration
        subtype:  #quail_bush__quailbush__quail_brush__quailbrush__white_thistle__whitethistle__Atriplex_lentiformis  spiny shrub with silvery-scurfy foliage of alkaline plains of southwestern United States and Mexico
     subtype:  #summer_cypress__burning_bush__burningbush__firebush__belvedere__Bassia_scoparia__Kochia_scoparia  densely branched Eurasian plant; foliage turns purple-red in autumn
     subtype:  #winged_pigweed__tumbleweed__Cycloloma_atriplicifolium  bushy annual weed of central North America having greenish flowers and winged seeds
     subtype:  #saltwort__barilla__kali__kelpwort__Salsola_kali__Salsola_soda  bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce a crude soda ash
     subtype:  #Russian_thistle__Russian_tumbleweed__Russian_cactus__tumbleweed__Salsola_kali_tenuifolia  prickly bushy Eurasian plant; a troublesome weed in central and western United States
     subtype:  #black_greasewood__blackgreasewood__greasewood__Sarcobatus_vermiculatus  low hardy much-branched spiny shrub common in alkaline soils of western America
     subtype:  #caper  any of numerous plants of the genus Capparis
        subtype:  #native_pomegranate__Capparis_arborea  small Australian tree bearing edible fruit resembling the pomegranate
        subtype:  #Jamaica_caper_tree__caper_tree__capertree__Capparis_cynophallophora  shrub of southern Florida to West Indies
        subtype:  #caper_tree__capertree__bay-leaved_caper__Capparis_flexuosa  shrub or small tree of southern Florida to Central and South America
        subtype:  #native_orange__Capparis_mitchellii  small Australian tree bearing edible dark purple fruit
        subtype:  #common_caper__Capparis_spinosa  prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled
     subtype:  #buckler_mustard__bucklermustard__Biscutalla_laevigata  plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resembling bucklers
     subtype:  #bush_poppy__tree_poppy  evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers
     subtype:  #silversword__Argyroxiphium_sandwicense  low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem
     subtype:  #artemisia  any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or grayish foliage
        subtype:  #Artemisia_dracunculus__tarragon__estragon  aromatic perennial of southeastern Russia
     subtype:  #groundsel_tree__groundseltree__groundsel_bush__groundselbush__consumption_weed__consumptionweed__cotton-seed_tree__Baccharis_halimifolia  a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts
     subtype:  #mule_fat__Baccharis_viminea  California shrub with slender leafy shoots that are important browse for mule deer
     subtype:  #coyote_brush__coyote_bush__chaparral_broom__chaparralbroom__kidney_wort__Baccharis_pilularis  widely spreading evergreen shrub of southwestern United States with flower heads in a leafy panicle
     subtype:  #goldenbush  any of various much-branched yellow-flowered shrubs of the genus Chrysothamnus; western North America
        subtype:  #rabbit_brush__rabbit_bush__Chrysothamnus_nauseosus  pleasantly aromatic shrub having erect slender flexible hairy branches and dense clusters of small yellow flowers covering vast areas of western alkali plains and affording a retreat for jackrabbits; source of a yellow dye used by Navajo Indians
     subtype:  #hoary_golden_bush__Hazardia_cana  western American shrubs having white felted foliage and yellow flowers that become red-purple
     subtype:  #mutisia  any of various plants of the genus Mutisia
     subtype:  #daisybush__daisy_bush__daisybush  any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays
        subtype:  #muskwood__Olearia_argophylla  musk-scented shrub or tree of southern and southeastern Australia having creamy-yellow flower heads
        subtype:  #New_Zealand_daisybush__Olearia_haastii  bushy New Zealand shrub cultivated for its fragrant white flower heads
     subtype:  #othonna  a South African plant of the genus Othonna having smooth often fleshy leaves and heads of yellow flowers
     subtype:  #lavender_cotton__Santolina_chamaecyparissus  branching aromatic Mediterranean shrub with woolly stems and leaves and yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Senecio_cineraria__dusty_miller__dustymiller__cinerariamaritima  stiff much-branched perennial of the Mediterranean region having very white woolly stems and leaves; sometimes placed in genus Cineraria
     subtype:  #sow_thistle__sowthistle__milk_thistle  any of several Old World coarse prickly-leaved shrubs and subshrubs having milky juice and yellow flowers; widely naturalized; often noxious weeds in cultivated soil
        subtype:  #Sonchus_oleraceus__milkweed  annual Eurasian sow thistle with soft spiny leaves and rayed yellow flower heads
     subtype:  #spiceberry__coralberry__Ardisia_crenata  shrub with coral-red berries; Japan to northern India
     subtype:  #marlberry__Ardisia_escallonoides__Ardisia_paniculata  tropical American shrub or small tree with brown wood and dark berries
     subtype:  #leadwort__Plumbago_europaea  plant with lead-blue flowers
     subtype:  #bracelet_wood__Jacquinia_armillaris  small West Indian shrub or tree with hard glossy seeds patterned yellow and brown that are used to make bracelets
     subtype:  #barbasco__joewood__Jacquinia_keyensis  West Indian shrub or small tree having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood
     subtype:  #mallow  any of various plants of the family Malvaceae
        subtype:  #musk_mallow__mus_rose__musrose__Malva_moschata  erect Old World perennial with faintly musk-scented foliage and white or pink flowers; adventive in United States
        subtype:  #common_mallow__Malva_neglecta  annual Old World plant with clusters of pink or white flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  #tall_mallow__high_mallow__cheese__cheeseflower__Malva_sylvestris  erect or decumbent Old World perennial with axillary clusters of rosy-purple flowers; introduced in United States
        subtype:  #abelmosk__musk_mallow__Abelmoschus_moschatus__Hibiscus_moschatus  bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet blooms that resemble the hibiscus
        subtype:  #velvetleaf__velvetweed__Indian_mallow__butter-print__China_jute__Abutilon_theophrasti  tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States
        subtype:  #hollyhock  any of various tall plants of the genus Alcea; native to the Middle East but widely naturalized and cultivated for its very large variously colored flowers
           subtype:  #rose_mallow__Alcea_rosea__Althea_rosea  plant with terminal racemes of showy white to pink or purple flowers; the English cottage garden hollyhock
        subtype:  #althea__althaea__hollyhock  any of various plants of the genus Althaea; similar to but having smaller flowers than genus Alcea
           subtype:  #marsh_mallow__marshmallow__white_mallow__whitemallow__Althea_officinalis  European perennial plant naturalized in United States having triangular ovate leaves and lilac-pink flowers
        subtype:  #poppy_mallow__poppymallow  a plant of the genus Callirhoe having palmately cleft leaves and white to red or purple flowers borne throughout the summer
           subtype:  #fringed_poppy_mallow__fringedpoppymallow__Callirhoe_digitata  perennial poppy mallow of United States southern plains states having rose-red or rose-purple flowers
           subtype:  #purple_poppy_mallow__Callirhoe_involucrata  hairy perennial of central United States having round deeply-lobed leaves and loose panicles of large crimson-purple or cherry-red flowers
           subtype:  #clustered_poppy_mallow__clusteredpoppymallow__Callirhoe_triangulata  densely hairy perennial having mostly triangular basal leaves and rose-purple flowers in panicled clusters
        subtype:  #hibiscus  any plant of the genus Hibiscus
           subtype:  #kanaf__kenaf__deccanhemp__bimli__bimli_hemp__bimlihemp__Indian_hemp__Bombay_hemp__Hibiscus_cannabinus  valuable fiber plant of East Indies now widespread in cultivation
           subtype:  #Cuban_bast__blue_mahoe__mahoe__majagua__mahagua__Hibiscus_elatus  erect forest tree of Cuba and Jamaica having variably hairy leaves and orange-yellow or orange-red flowers; yields a moderately dense timber for cabinetwork and gunstocks
           subtype:  #Hibiscus_heterophyllus__sorrel_tree  Australian tree with acid foliage
           subtype:  #common_rose_mallow__rose_mallow__swamp_mallow__swampmallow__swamp_rose_mallow__Hibiscus_moscheutos  showy shrub of salt marshes of the eastern United States having large rose-colored flowers
           subtype:  #Confederate_rose__cotton_rose__Confederate_rose_mallow__Hibiscus_mutabilis  Chinese shrub or small tree having white or pink flowers becoming deep red at night; widely cultivated; naturalized in southeastern United States
           subtype:  #Chinese_hibiscus__China_rose__Rose_of_China__shoeblack_plant__shoeblackplant__shoe_black__Hibiscus_rosa-sinensis  large showy Asiatic shrub or small tree having large single or double red to deep-red flowers
           subtype:  #roselle__rozelle__sorrel__red_sorrel__redsorrel__Jamaica_sorrel__Hibiscus_sabdariffa  East Indian sparsely prickly annual herb or perennial subshrub widely cultivated for its fleshy calyxes used in tarts and jelly and for its bast fiber
           subtype:  #rose_of_Sharon__Hibiscus_syriacus  Asiatic shrub or small shrubby tree having showy bell-shaped rose or purple or white flowers and usually 3-lobed leaves; widely cultivated in temperate North America and Europe
           subtype:  #mahoe__majagua__mahagua__balibago__purau__hibiscustiliaceu  shrubby tree widely distributed along tropical shores; yields a light tough wood used for canoe outriggers and a fiber used for cordage and caulk; often cultivated for ornament
           subtype:  #flower-of-an-hour__flowers-of-an-hour__bladder_ketmia__bladderketmia__black-eyed_Susan__Hibiscus_trionum  annual weedy herb with ephemeral yellow purple-eyed flowers; Old World tropics; naturalized as a weed in North America
        subtype:  #wild_hollyhock__Iliamna_remota__Sphaeralcea_remota  a rare mallow found only in Illinois resembling the common hollyhock and having pale rose-mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea
        subtype:  #mountain_hollyhock__Iliamna_ruvularis__Iliamna_acerifolia  perennial of northwestern United States and western Canada resembling a hollyhock and having white or pink flowers
        subtype:  #seashore_mallow  any of various plants of the genus Kosteletzya predominantly of coastal habitats; grown for their flowers that resemble hibiscus
           subtype:  #salt_marsh_mallow__Kosteletzya_virginica  subshrub of southeastern United States to New York
        subtype:  #chaparral_mallow__chaparralmallow__Malacothamnus_fasciculatus__Sphaeralcea_fasciculata  shrub of coastal ranges of California and Baja California having hairy branches and spikes of numerous mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea
        subtype:  #malope__Malope_trifida  western Mediterranean annual having deep purple-red flowers subtended by 3 large cordate bracts
        subtype:  #false_mallow__falsemallow  an American plant of the genus Malvastrum
        subtype:  #waxmallow__wax_mallow__waxmallow__sleeping_hibiscus  any of various plants of the genus Malvaviscus having brilliant bell-shaped drooping flowers like incompletely opened hibiscus flowers
        subtype:  #glade_mallow__glademallow__Napaea_dioica  tall coarse American herb having palmate leaves and numerous small white dioecious flowers; found wild in most alluvial soils of eastern and central United States
        subtype:  #Virginia_mallow__Sida_hermaphrodita  tall handsome perennial herb of southeastern United States having maplelike leaves and white flowers
        subtype:  #Queensland_hemp__jellyleaf__Sida_rhombifolia  herb widely distributed in tropics and subtropics used for forage and medicinally as a demulcent and having a fine soft bast stronger than jute; sometimes an aggressive weed
        subtype:  #Indian_mallow__Sida_spinosa  tropical American weed having pale yellow or orange flowers naturalized in southern United States
        subtype:  #checkerbloom__wild_hollyhock__Sidalcea_malviflora  perennial purple-flowered wild mallow of western North America that is also cultivated
        subtype:  #globe_mallow__globemallow__falsemallow  genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs of arid North and South America having pink or scarlet flowers and globose fruits
           subtype:  #prairie_mallow__prairiemallow__red_false_mallow__redfalsemallow__Sphaeralcea_coccinea__Malvastrum_coccineum  false mallow of western United States having racemose red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Malvastrum
     subtype:  #cotton_plant__cotton  erect bushy mallow plant or small tree bearing bolls containing seeds with many long hairy fibers
        subtype:  #tree_cotton__Gossypium_arboreum  East Indian shrub cultivated especially for ornament for its pale yellow to deep purple blossoms
        subtype:  #sea_island_cotton__tree_cotton__Gossypium_barbadense  small bushy tree grown on islands of the Caribbean and off the southern United States Atlantic coast and yielding cotton with unusually long silky fibers
        subtype:  #Levant_cotton__Gossypium_herbaceum  Old World annual having heart-shaped leaves and large seeds with short grayish lint removed with difficulty; considered an ancestor of modern short-staple cottons
        subtype:  #upland_cotton__Gossypium_hirsutum  native tropical American plant now cultivated in the United States yielding short-staple cotton
        subtype:  #Peruvian_cotton__Gossypium_peruvianum  cotton with long rough hairy fibers
        subtype:  #Egyptian_cotton  fine long-stable somewhat brownish cotton grown in Egypt; believed to be derived from sea island cotton or by hybridization with Peruvian cotton
        subtype:  #Arizona_wild_cotton__wild_cotton__Gossypium_thurberi  shrub of southern Arizona and Mexico
     subtype:  #tree_mallow__velvetleaf__Lavatera_arborea  arborescent perennial shrub having palmately lobed furry leaves and showy red-purple flowers; southwestern United States
     subtype:  #pavonia  any of various evergreen plants of the genus Pavonia having white or yellow or purple flowers
     subtype:  #bush_hibiscus__Radyera_farragei__Hibiscus_farragei  southern and western Australian shrub with unlobed or shallowly lobed toothed leaves and purple flowers; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
     subtype:  #makomako__New_Zealand_wine_berry__wineberry__Aristotelia_serrata__Aristotelia_racemosa  graceful deciduous shrub or small tree having attractive foliage and small red berries that turn black at maturity and are used for making wine
     subtype:  #dombeya  any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath the leaves
     subtype:  #flannelbush__flannel_bush__flannelbush__California_beauty  any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers
     subtype:  #screw_tree__screwtree  a tree or shrub of the genus Helicteres
        subtype:  #nut-leaved_screw_tree__Helicteres_isora  East Indian shrub often cultivated for its hairy leaves and orange-red flowers
     subtype:  #honey_bell__honeybell__honeybells__Hermannia_verticillata__Mahernia_verticillata  African shrub having decumbent stems and slender yellow honey-scented flowers either solitary or in pairs
     subtype:  #phalsa__Grewia_asiatica  drought-resistant Asiatic treelike shrub bearing pleasantly acid small red edible fruits commonly used in sherbets
     subtype:  #African_hemp__Sparmannia_africana  large shrub of South Africa having many conspicuously hairy branches with large hairy leaves and clusters of conspicuous white flowers
     subtype:  #protea  any tropical African shrub of the genus Protea having alternate rigid leaves and dense colorful flower heads resembling cones
        subtype:  #honeypot__king_protea__Protea_cynaroides  South African shrub whose flowers when open are cup- or goblet-shaped resembling globe artichokes
        subtype:  #Protea_mellifera__honeyflower  Australian shrub whose flowers yield honey copiously
     subtype:  #banksia  any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and conelike fruit with winged seeds
        subtype:  #Ausralian_honeysuckle__honeysuckle__coastbanksia__Banksia_integrifolia  shrubby tree with silky foliage and spikes of cylindrical yellow nectarous flowers
     subtype:  #smoke_bush__smokebush  any of various shrubs of the genus Conospermum with panicles of mostly white woolly flowers
     subtype:  #Chilean_firebush__Chilean_flameflower__Embothrium_coccineum  grown for outstanding display of brilliant usually scarlet-crimson flowers; Andes
     subtype:  #Chilean_nut__Chile_nut__Chile_hazel__Chilean_hazelnut__Guevina_heterophylla__Guevina_avellana  Chilean shrub bearing coral-red fruit with an edible seed resembling a hazelnut
     subtype:  #grevillea  any shrub or tree of the genus Grevillea
        subtype:  #silk_oak  any of several Australian timber trees having usually fernlike foliage and mottled wood used in cabinetry and veneering
           subtype:  #red-flowered_silky_oak__Grevillea_banksii  tall shrub with cylindrical racemes of red flowers and pinnatifid leaves silky-gray beneath; eastern Australia
           subtype:  #silver_oak__Grevillela_parallela  small slender tree with usually entire gray-green pendulous leaves and white or cream flowers; northern Australia
           subtype:  #silky_oak__silkyoak__Grevillea_robusta  medium to tall fast-growing tree with orange flowers and feathery bipinnate leaves silky-hairy beneath; eastern Australia
           subtype:  #Grevillea_striata__beefwood  tree yielding hard heavy reddish wood
     subtype:  #cushion_flower__cushionflower__pincushion_hakea__Hakea_laurina  tall straggling shrub with large globose crimson-yellow flowers; western Australia
     subtype:  #needlewood__needle_wood__Hakea_leucoptera  large bushy shrub with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers; central and eastern Australia
     subtype:  #needlebush__needle_bush__Hakea_lissosperma  shrub with pungent rigid needle-shaped leaves and white flowers; eastern Australia
     subtype:  #honeyflower__mountain_devil__Lambertia_formosa  erect bushy shrub of eastern Australia having terminal clusters of red flowers yielding much nectar
     subtype:  #lomatia  any of various ornamental evergreens of the genus Lomatia having attractive fragrant flowers
     subtype:  #geebung  any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits
     subtype:  #Telopea_Oreades__waratah  tall shrub of eastern Australia having oblanceolate to obovate leaves and red flowers in compact racemes
     subtype:  #waratah__Telopea_speciosissima  straggling shrub with narrow leaves and conspicuous red flowers in dense globular racemes
     subtype:  #native_pear__woody_pear__woodypear__Xylomelum_pyriforme  tree bearing pear-shaped fruit with a thick woody epicarp
     subtype:  #heath  a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers
        subtype:  #erica__true_heath  any plant of the genus Erica
           subtype:  #briar__tree_heath__brier__Erica_arborea  evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used to make tobacco pipes
           subtype:  #winter_heath__spring_heath__Erica_carnea  dwarf European shrub with very early-blooming bell-shaped red flowers
           subtype:  #bell_heather__heather_bell__heatherbell__fine-leaved_heath__Erica_cinerea  common low European shrub with purple-red flowers
           subtype:  #cross-leaved_heath__bell_heather__Erica_tetralix  dwarf European shrub with rose-colored flowers
           subtype:  #Cornish_heath__Erica_vagans  bushy shrub having pink to white flowers; common on the moors of Cornwall and in southwestern Europe; cultivated elsewhere
           subtype:  #Spanish_heath__Portuguese_heath__Erica_lusitanica  erect dense shrub native to western Iberian peninsula having profuse white or pink flowers; naturalized in southwestern England
           subtype:  #Prince-of-Wales'-heath__Prince_of_Wales_heath__Erica_perspicua  South African shrub grown for its profusion of white flowers
        subtype:  #spike_heath__spikeheath__Bruckenthalia_spiculifolia  small evergreen mat-forming shrub of southern Europe and Asia Minor having stiff stems and terminal clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
        subtype:  #Scots_heather__heather__ling__broom__Calluna_vulgaris  common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
        subtype:  #white_heather__whiteheather__Cassiope_mertensiana  heath of mountains of western United States having bell-shaped white flowers
        subtype:  #Connemara_heath__St._Dabeoc's_heath__Daboecia_cantabrica  low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from white to rose-purple
        subtype:  #mountain_heath__Phyllodoce_caerulea__Bryanthus_taxifolius  small shrub with tiny evergreen leaves and pink or purple flowers; Alpine summits and high ground in Asia and Europe and United States
        subtype:  #purple_heather__Brewer's_mountain_heather__Phyllodoce_breweri  semi-prostrate evergreen herb of western United States
     subtype:  #andromeda  any of several shrubs of the genus Andromeda having leathery leaves and clusters of small flowers
        subtype:  #bog_rosemary__bogrosemary__moorwort__Andromeda_glaucophylla  wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada to northeastern United States
        subtype:  #marsh_andromeda__common_bog_rosemary__Andromeda_polifolia  erect to procumbent evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of sphagnum peat bogs and other wet acidic areas in northern Europe
     subtype:  #arbutus  any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arbutus of temperate Europe and America
        subtype:  #madrona__manzanita__arbutusmenziesii  evergreen tree of Pacific North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used for furniture and bark for tanning
        subtype:  #strawberry_tree__Irish_strawberry__Arbutus_unedo  small evergreen European shrubby tree bearing many-seeded scarlet berries that are edible but bland; of Ireland, southern Europe, Asia Minor
     subtype:  #bearberry  chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to arctic areas
        subtype:  #common_bearberry__red_bearberry__redbearberry__wild_cranberry__mealberry__hog_cranberry__hogcranberry__sandberry__mountain_box__bear's_grape__creashak__Arctostaphylos_uva-ursi  evergreen mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn
        subtype:  #alpine_bearberry__black_bearberry__blackbearberry__Arctostaphylos_alpina  deciduous creeping shrub bright red in autumn having black or blue-black berries; alpine and circumpolar
     subtype:  #manzanita  chiefly evergreen shrubs of warm dry areas of western North America
        subtype:  #heartleaf_manzanita__heartleafmanzanita__Arctostaphylos_andersonii  erect California shrub having leaves with heart-shaped lobes at the base
        subtype:  #Parry_manzanita__Arctostaphylos_manzanita  erect treelike shrub forming dense thickets and having drooping panicles of white or pink flowers and red berrylike drupes; California
        subtype:  #downy_manzanita__downymanzanita__woolly_manzanita__Arctostaphylos_tomentosa  erect openly branched California shrub whose twigs are woolly when young
     subtype:  #bryanthus__bryanthu  procumbent Old World mat-forming evergreen shrub with racemes of pinkish-white 4-parted flowers
     subtype:  #Chamaedaphne_calyculata__leatherleaf  north temperate bog shrub with evergreen leathery leaves and small white cylindrical flowers
     subtype:  #trailing_arbutus__mayflower__Epigaea_repens  low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers
     subtype:  #salal__shallon__Gaultheria_shallon  small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-size berries
     subtype:  #huckleberry  any of several shrubs of the genus Gaylussacia bearing small berries resembling blueberries
        subtype:  #black_huckleberry__blackhuckleberry__Gaylussacia_baccata  low shrub of the eastern United States bearing shiny black edible fruit; best known of the huckleberries
        subtype:  #dangleberry__Gaylussacia_frondosa  huckleberry of the eastern United States with pink flowers and sweet blue fruit
        subtype:  #box_huckleberry__boxhuckleberry__Gaylussacia_brachycera  creeping evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small shiny boxlike leaves and flavorless berries
     subtype:  #kalmia  any plant of the genus Kalmia
        subtype:  #mountain_laurel__wood_laurel__American_laurel__calico_bush__Kalmia_latifolia  a North American evergreen shrub having glossy leaves and white or rose-colored flowers
        subtype:  #swamp_laurel__swamplaurel__bog_laurel__boglaurel__bog_kalmia__bogkalmia__Kalmia_polifolia  laurel of bogs of northwestern United States having small purple flowers and pale leaves that are glaucous beneath
        subtype:  #sheep_laurel__sheeplaurel__pig_laurel__piglaurel__lambkill__Kalmia_angustifolia  North American dwarf shrub resembling mountain laurel but having narrower leaves and small red flowers; poisonous to young stock
     subtype:  #Labrador_tea__crystal_tea__crystaltea__Ledum_groenlandicum  evergreen shrub of eastern North America having white or creamy bell-shaped flowers and dark green hairy leaves used for tea during American Revolution
     subtype:  #trapper's_tea__trapper'stea__glandular_Labrador_tea  Rocky Mt. shrub similar to Ledum groenlandicum
     subtype:  #wild_rosemary__marsh_tea__marshtea__Ledum_palustre  bog shrub of northern and central Europe and eastern Siberia to Korea and Japan
     subtype:  #sand_myrtle__Leiophyllum_buxifolium  low-growing evergreen shrub of New Jersey to Florida grown for its many white star-shaped flowers and glossy foliage
     subtype:  #leucothoe  any plant of the genus Leucothoe; grown for their beautiful white flowers; glossy foliage contains a poisonous substance similar to that found in genus Kalmia
     subtype:  #dog_laurel__doglaurel__dog_hobble__doghobble__switch-ivy__Leucothoe_fontanesiana__Leucothoe_editorum  fast-growing evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having arching interlaced branches and racemes of white flowers
     subtype:  #sweet_bells__Leucothoe_racemosa  bushy deciduous shrub of the eastern United States with long racemes of pinkish flowers
     subtype:  #alpine_azalea__mountain_azalea__Loiseleuria_procumbens  creeping mat-forming evergreen shrub of high mountain regions of northern hemisphere grown for its rose-pink flowers
     subtype:  #staggerbush__lyoniamariana  deciduous shrub of coastal plain of the eastern United States having nodding pinkish-white flowers; poisonous to stock
     subtype:  #maleberry__male_berry__privet_andromeda__he-huckleberry__Lyonia_ligustrina  deciduous much-branched shrub with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white flowers
     subtype:  #fetterbush__fetter_bush__shiny_lyonia__shinylyonia__lyonialucida  showy evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with shiny leaves and angled branches and clusters of pink to reddish flowers that resemble an umbel
     subtype:  #false_azalea__falseazalea__fool's_huckleberry__Menziesia_ferruginea  straggling shrub of northwestern North America having foliage with a bluish tinge and umbels of small bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #minniebush__minnie_bush__Menziesia_pilosa  low shrub of the eastern United States with downy twigs
     subtype:  #Japanese_andromeda__andromeda__lily-of-the-valley_tree__Pieris_japonica  broad-leaved evergreen Asiatic shrub with glossy leaves and drooping clusters of white flowers
     subtype:  #mountain_fetterbush__fetterbush__mountain_andromeda__Pieris_floribunda  ornamental evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small white bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #rhododendron  any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers
        subtype:  #coast_rhododendron__coastrhododendron__Rhododendron_californicum  medium-sized rhododendron of Pacific coast of North America having large rosy brown-spotted flowers
        subtype:  #rosebay__Rhododendron_maxima  late-spring-blooming rhododendron of eastern North America having rosy to pink-purple flowers
        subtype:  #swamp_azalea__swampazalea__swamp_honeysuckle__swamphoneysuckle__white_honeysuckle__whitehoneysuckle__Rhododendron_viscosum  shrub growing in swamps throughout the eastern United States and having small white to pinkish flowers resembling honeysuckle
        subtype:  #azalea  any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors
     subtype:  #cranberry  any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries
        subtype:  #American_cranberry__large_cranberry__Vaccinium_macrocarpon  trailing red-fruited plant
        subtype:  #European_cranberry__small_cranberry__smallcranberry__Vaccinium_oxycoccus  small red-fruited trailing cranberry of Arctic and cool regions of the northern hemisphere
        subtype:  #cowberry__mountain_cranberry__lingonberry__lingberry__foxberry__Vaccinium_vitis-idaea  low evergreen shrub of high north temperate regions of Europe and Asia and America bearing red edible berries
     subtype:  #blueberry_bush__blueberrybush__blueberry  any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries
        subtype:  #huckleberry.blueberry_bush  any of various dark-fruited as distinguished from blue-fruited blueberries
        subtype:  #farkleberry__sparkleberry__Vaccinium_arboreum  shrub or small tree of eastern United States having black inedible berries
        subtype:  #low-bush_blueberry__low_blueberry__lowblueberry__Vaccinium_angustifolium__Vaccinium_pennsylvanicum  low-growing deciduous shrub of northeastern North America having flowers in compact racemes and bearing sweet dark blue berries
        subtype:  #rabbiteye_blueberry__rabbit-eye_blueberry__rabbiteye__vacciniumashei  shrub of southeastern United States grown commercially especially for canning industry
        subtype:  #dwarf_bilberry__dwarfbilberry__dwarf_blueberry__Vaccinium_caespitosum  low-growing tufted deciduous shrub of northern and alpine North America having pink to coral-red flowers followed by sweet blue berries
        subtype:  #high-bush_blueberry__tall_bilberry__swamp_blueberry__swampblueberry__Vaccinium_corymbosum  high-growing deciduous shrub of eastern North America bearing edible blueish to blackish berries with a distinct bloom; source of most cultivated blueberries
        subtype:  #evergreen_blueberry__evergreenblueberry__Vaccinium_myrsinites  shrub of the eastern United States having shining evergreen leaves and bluish-black fruit
        subtype:  #evergreen_huckleberry__evergreenhuckleberry__Vaccinium_ovatum  stiff bushy evergreen shrub of western North America having sour black berries and glossy green foliage used in floral arrangements
        subtype:  #thin-leaved_bilberry__bilberry__mountain_blue_berry__Viccinium_membranaceum  erect blueberry of western United States having solitary flowers and somewhat sour berries
        subtype:  #bilberry__whortleberry__whinberry__blaeberry__vicciniummyrtillu  erect European blueberry having solitary flowers and blue-black berries
        subtype:  #bog_bilberry__bogbilberry__bog_whortleberry__bogwhortleberry__moorberry__vacciniumuliginosumalpinum  an evergreen shrub with leathery leaves
        subtype:  #dryland_blueberry__drylandblueberry__dryland_berry__drylandberry__Vaccinium_pallidum  low deciduous shrub of the eastern United States bearing dark blue sweet berries
        subtype:  #grouseberry__grous_whortleberry__grouswhortleberry__Vaccinium_scoparium  shrub of northwestern North America bearing red berries
        subtype:  #deerberry__squaw_huckleberry__squawhuckleberry__Vaccinium_stamineum  small branching blueberry common in marshy areas of the eastern United States having greenish or yellowish unpalatable berries reputedly eaten by deer
     subtype:  #sweet_pepperbush__sweetpepperbush__pepper_bush__summer_sweet__white_alder__whitealder__Clethra_alnifolia  shrub of eastern and southern coastal United States having beautiful racemes of spice-scented white flowers
     subtype:  #pyxie__pixie__pixy__Pyxidanthera_barbulata  creeping evergreen shrub having narrow overlapping leaves and early white star-shaped flowers; of the pine barrens of New Jersey and the Carolinas
     subtype:  #Australian_heath  any heathlike plant of the family Epacridaceae; most are of the Australian region
        subtype:  #epacris__epacri  any heathlike evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers
           subtype:  #Epacris_impressa__common_heath  spindly upright shrub of southern Australia and Tasmania having white to rose or purple-red flowers
           subtype:  #common_heath__blunt-leaf_heath__Epacris_obtusifolia  small erect shrub of Australia and Tasmania with fragrant ivory flowers
           subtype:  #Port_Jackson_heath__Epacris_purpurascens  small shrub of southern and western Australia having pinkish to rosy purple tubular flowers
        subtype:  #Richea_dracophylla__Australian_grass_tree  stout Australian shrub with narrow leaves crowded at ends of branches and terminal clusters of white or pink flowers
        subtype:  #tree_heath__grass_tree__grasstree__Richea_pandanifolia  gaunt Tasmanian evergreen shrubby tree with slender tapering leaves 3 to 5 feet long
     subtype:  #native_cranberry__groundberry__cranberryheath__Astroloma_humifusum__Styphelia_humifusum  small prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and succulent fruit resembling cranberries; sometimes place in genus Styphelia
     subtype:  #pink_fivecorner__Styphelia_triflora  heathlike shrub of southwestern Australia grown for its sharply scented foliage and pink flowers followed by pentagonal fruit
     subtype:  #dwarf_golden_chinkapin__Chrysolepis_sempervirens  evergreen shrub similar to golden chinkapin; mountains of California
     subtype:  #huckleberry_oak__huckleberryoak__Quercus_vaccinifolia  a low spreading or prostrate shrub of southwestern United States with small acorns and leaves resembling those of the huckleberry
     subtype:  #forestiera  any plant of the genus Forestiera
        subtype:  #tanglebush__desert_olive__Forestiera_neomexicana  spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits
     subtype:  #forsythia  any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #jasmine  any of several shrubs and vines of the genus Jasminum chiefly native to Asia
        subtype:  #primrose_jasmine__Jasminum_mesnyi  evergreen rambling yellow-flowered shrub of western China
        subtype:  #winter_jasmine__Jasminum_nudiflorum  deciduous rambling shrub widely cultivated for its winter-blooming yellow flowers
        subtype:  #common_jasmine__true_jasmine__jessamine__jasminumofficinale  tall-climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant white or yellow or red flowers used in perfume and to flavor tea
        subtype:  #Arabian_jasmine__Jasminum_sambac  East Indian evergreen vine cultivated for its profuse fragrant white flowers
     subtype:  #privet  any of various Old World shrubs having smooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of small white flowers followed by small black berries; many used for hedges
        subtype:  #Amur_privet__Ligustrum_amurense  eastern Asian shrub cultivated especially for its persistent foliage
        subtype:  #ibolium_privet__iboliumprivet__ibota_privet__ibotaprivet__Ligustrum_ibolium  fast-growing and tightly branched hybrid of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum obtusifolium
        subtype:  #Japanese_privet__Ligustrum_japonicum  evergreen shrub of Japan and Korea having small dark leaves and flowers in loose panicles; related to but smaller than Chinese privet
        subtype:  #Chinese_privet__white_wax_tree__whitewaxtree__Ligustrum_lucidum  erect evergreen treelike shrub of China and Korea and Japan having acuminate leaves and flowers in long erect panicles; resembles Japanese privet
        subtype:  #Ligustrum_obtusifolium  small deciduous shrub having graceful arching branches and luxuriant foliage
        subtype:  #California_privet__Ligustrum_ovalifolium  semi-evergreen Japanese shrub having malodorous flowers; used extensively for hedges because more likely to stay green that common privet
        subtype:  #common_privet__Ligustrum_vulgare  deciduous semi-evergreen shrub used for hedges
     subtype:  #mock_privet  evergreen shrub with white flowers and olivelike fruits
     subtype:  #lilac  any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers
        subtype:  #Himalayan_lilac__Syringa_emodi  robust upright shrub of mountains of northern India having oblong-elliptic leaves and pale lilac or white malodorous flowers
        subtype:  #Hungarian_lilac__Syringa_josikaea__Syringa_josikea  central European upright shrub having elliptic leaves and upright clusters of lilac or deep violet flowers
        subtype:  #Persian_lilac__Syringa_persica  small densely branching Asiatic shrub having lanceolate leaves and panicles of fragrant lilac flowers
        subtype:  #Japanese_tree_lilac__Syringa_reticulata__Syringa_amurensis_japonica  small tree of Japan having narrow pointed leaves and creamy-white flowers
        subtype:  #Japanese_lilac__Syringa_villosa  lilac of northern China having ovate leaves and profuse early summer rose-lilac flowers
        subtype:  #common_lilac__Syringa_vulgaris  large European lilac naturalized in North America having heart-shaped ovate leaves and large panicles of highly fragrant lilac or white flowers
     subtype:  #wych_hazel__witch_hazel  any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion
        subtype:  #Virginian_witch_hazel__Hamamelis_virginiana  common shrub of eastern North America having small yellow flowers after the leaves have fallen
        subtype:  #vernal_witch_hazel__Hamamelis_vernalis  fragrant shrub of lower Mississippi valley having very small flowers from midwinter to spring
     subtype:  #winter_hazel__flowering_hazel__floweringhazel  any of several Asiatic deciduous shrubs cultivated for their nodding racemes of yellow flowers that appear before the leaves
     subtype:  #fothergilla__witch_alder__witchalder  any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red and orange autumn color; grows from Alabama to the Allegheny Mountains
     subtype:  #hiccup_nut__hiccough_nut__Combretum_bracteosum  ornamental red-flowering African shrub or climber
     subtype:  #oleaster  any of several shrubs of the genus Elaeagnus having silver-white twigs and yellow flowers followed by olivelike fruits
        subtype:  #wild_olive__Elaeagnus_latifolia  erect shrub or climber of India and China with red olivelike fruit
        subtype:  #silverberry__silver_berry__silverbush__Elaeagnus_commutata  deciduous unarmed North American shrub with silvery leaves and fruits
        subtype:  #Russian_olive__silver_berry__Elaeagnus_augustifolia  deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having gray leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery scales; sometimes spiny
     subtype:  #crape_myrtle__crapemyrtle__crepe_myrtle__crepemyrtle__crepe_flower__crepeflower__Lagerstroemia_indica  ornamental E. Indian shrub commonly planted in southern United States
     subtype:  #feijoa_bush__feijoa  South American shrub having edible greenish plumlike fruit
     subtype:  #fuchsia  any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti
        subtype:  #lady's-eardrop__ladies'-eardrop__ladies'eardrop__lady's-eardrops__ladies'-eardrops__Fuchsia_coccinea  erect or climbing shrub of Brazil with deep pink to red flowers
        subtype:  #konini__tree_fuchsia__native_fuchsia__Fuchsia_excorticata  erect deciduous shrub or tree to 10 feet with maroon-flushed flowers; New Zealand
     subtype:  #daphne  any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
        subtype:  #garland_flower__garlandflower__Daphne_cneorum  widely cultivated low evergreen shrub with dense clusters of fragrant pink to deep rose flowers
        subtype:  #spurge_laurel__wood_laurel__Daphne_laureola  bushy Eurasian shrub with glossy leathery oblong leaves and yellow-green flowers
        subtype:  #mezereon__February_daphne__Daphne_mezereum  small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs
     subtype:  #leatherwood__moosewood__ropebark__Dirca_palustris  deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and small yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Indian_rhododendron__Melastoma_malabathricum  evergreen spreading shrub of India and southeastern Asia having large purple flowers
     subtype:  #Medinilla_magnifica  a beautiful tropical evergreen epiphytic shrub grown for its lush foliage and huge panicles of pink flowers; Philippines
     subtype:  #guinea_gold_vine__guinea_flower  any of several Australasian evergreen vines widely cultivated in warm regions for their large bright yellow single flowers
     subtype:  #wild_cinnamon__white_cinnamon_tree__Canella_winterana__Canella-alba  large evergreen shrub or small tree having white aromatic bark and leathery leaves and small purple to red flowers in terminal cymes
     subtype:  #rockrose__rock_rose  small shrubs of scrub and dry woodland regions of southern Europe and North Africa; grown for their showy flowers and soft often downy and aromatic evergreen foliage
        subtype:  #white-leaved_rockrose__Cistus_albidus  compact white pubescent shrub of southwestern Europe having pink flowers
        subtype:  #common_gum_cistus__Cistus_ladanifer__Cistus_ladanum  shrub having white flowers and viscid stems and leaves yielding a fragrant oleoresin used in perfumes especially as a fixative
     subtype:  #helianthemum__sunrose__sunrose  any plant of the genus Helianthemum; vigorous plants of stony alpine meadows and dry scrub regions
        subtype:  #frostweed__Helianthemum_canadense__Crocanthemum_canadensei  perennial of the eastern United States having early solitary yellow flowers followed by late petalless flowers; so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts
        subtype:  #rock_rose__rockrose  any of numerous varieties of helianthemums having small roselike yellow or white or reddish flowers
        subtype:  #rush_rose__Helianthemum_scoparium  woody yellow-flowered perennial of southeastern United States
     subtype:  #governor's_plum__governor_plum__Madagascar_plum__ramontchi__batokopalm__Flacourtia_indica  small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums
     subtype:  #kei_apple_bush__keiapplebush__kei_apple__keiapple__Dovyalis_caffra  vigorous South African spiny shrub grown for its round yellow juicy edible fruits
     subtype:  #wild_peach__Kiggelaria_africana  large much-branched shrub grown primarily for its evergreen foliage
     subtype:  #xylosma__Xylosma_congestum  shrub or small tree grown as an ornamental in mild climates for its neat evergreen foliage and fragrant late flowers; native of China
     subtype:  #candlewood  any of several resinous trees or shrubs often burned for light
        subtype:  #ocotillo__coachwhip__Jacob's_staff__vine_cactus__Fouquieria_splendens  desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers
        subtype:  #boojum_tree__cirio__Fouquieria_columnaris__Idria_columnaris  candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers
     subtype:  #bird's-eye_bush__Ochna_serrulata  shrub with narrow-elliptic glossy evergreen leaves and yellow flowers with leathery petaloid sepals
     subtype:  #tamarisk  any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil
     subtype:  #false_tamarisk__falsetamarisk__German_tamarisk__Myricaria_germanica  Eurasian shrub resembling the tamarisk
     subtype:  #cannabis__hemp  any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs
        subtype:  #Mary-Jane__marijuana__marihuana__ganja__pot__gras__weed__gage__sess__sens__skunk__Cannabis_sativa  a strong-smelling plant from whose dried leaves a number of euphoriant and hallucinogenic drugs are prepared
        subtype:  #Indian_hemp__Cannabis_indica  source of e.g. bhang and hashish as well as fiber
     subtype:  #butcher's_broom__Ruscus_aculeatus  shrub with stiff-pointed flattened stems resembling leaves (cladophylls); used for making brooms
     subtype:  #ti__Cordyline_terminalis  shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii
     subtype:  #yucca  any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America
        subtype:  #Yucca_aloifolia__Spanish_bayonet  a stiff yucca with a short trunk; found in the southern United States and tropical America; has rigid spine-tipped leaves and clusters of white flowers
        subtype:  #Spanish_bayonet__Yucca_baccata  tall woody-stemmed yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico having stiff swordlike pointed leaves and a large cluster of white flowers
        subtype:  #Joshua_tree__Yucca_brevifolia  a large branched arborescent yucca of southwestern United States having short leaves and clustered greenish white flowers
        subtype:  #Yucca_carnerosana__Spanish_dagger  arborescent yucca of southwestern United States and northern Mexico with sword-shaped leaves and white flowers
        subtype:  #soapweed__soap_tree__Yucca_elata  tall arborescent yucca of southwestern United States
        subtype:  #Adam's_needle-and-thread__Adam's_needle__spoonleaf_yucca__spoonleafyucca__needle_palm__Yucca_filamentosa  yucca with long stiff leaves having filamentlike appendages
        subtype:  #Yucca_glauca__bear_grass  yucca of west central United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers
        subtype:  #Spanish_dagger__Yucca_gloriosa  yucca of southeastern United States similar to the Spanish bayonets but with shorter trunk and smoother leaves
        subtype:  #bear_grass__Yucca_smalliana  yucca of southern United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers
        subtype:  #Our_Lord's_candle__Yucca_whipplei  yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico with a tall spike of creamy white flowers
     subtype:  #butterfly_bush__butterflybush__buddleia  tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Mysore_thorn__Caesalpinia_decapetala__Caesalpinia_sepiaria  spreading thorny shrub of tropical Asia bearing large erect racemes of red-marked yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Bauhinia_monandra__butterfly_flower__butterflyflower  shrub or small tree of Dutch Guiana having clusters of pink purple-streaked flowers
     subtype:  #paloverde  a thorny shrub of the genus Cercidium that grows in dry parts of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico; has smooth light green bark and racemes of yellow flowers and small leaves
     subtype:  #Jerusalem_thorn__horsebean__Parkinsonia_aculeata  large shrub or shrubby tree having sharp spines and pinnate leaves with small deciduous leaflets and sweet-scented racemose yellow-orange flowers; grown as ornamentals or hedging or emergency food for livestock; tropical America but naturalized in southern United States
     subtype:  #Dalmatian_laburnum__Petteria_ramentacea__Cytisus_ramentaceus  erect shrub having large trifoliate leaves and dense clusters of yellow flowers followed by poisonous seeds; Yugoslavia; sometimes placed in genus Cytisus
     subtype:  #senna  any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow flowers; many are used medicinally
        subtype:  #ringworm_bush__ringworm_shrub__ringworm_cassia__Senna_alata__Cassia_alata  tropical shrub (especially of Americas) having yellow flowers and large leaves whose juice is used as a cure for ringworm and poisonous bites; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  #avaram__tanner's_cassia__Senna_auriculata__Cassia_auriculata  evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  #Alexandria_senna__Alexandrian_senna__true_senna__tinnevelly_senna__Indian_senna__Senna_alexandrina__Cassia_acutifolia__Cassia_augustifolia  erect shrub having racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  #coffee_senna__mogdad_coffee__styptic_weed__stypticweed__stinking_weed__Senna_occidentalis__Cassia_occidentalis  very leafy malodorous tropical weedy shrub whose seeds have been used as an adulterant for coffee; sometimes classified in genus Cassia
     subtype:  #amorpha  any plant of the genus Amorpha having odd-pinnate leaves and purplish spicate flowers
        subtype:  #leadplant__lead_plant__Amorpha_canescens  shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore
        subtype:  #Amorpha_californica__false_indigo__falseindigo__bastard_indigo__bastardindigo  erect to spreading hairy shrub of United States Pacific coast having racemes of red to indigo flowers
        subtype:  #false_indigo__falseindigo__bastard_indigo__bastardindigo__Amorpha_fruticosa  dense shrub of moist riverbanks and flood plains of the eastern United States having attractive fragrant foliage and dense racemes of dark purple flowers
     subtype:  #stinking_bean_trefoil__bean_trefoil__Anagyris_foetida  shrub with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers followed by backward curving seed pods; leaves foetid when crushed
     subtype:  #Jupiter's_beard__silverbush__Anthyllis_barba-jovis  silvery hairy European shrub with evergreen foliage and pale yellow flowers
     subtype:  #rooibos__Aspalathus_linearis__Aspalathus_cedcarbergensis  South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an herbal tea
     subtype:  #pigeon-pea_plant__pigeon_pea__cajan_pea__cajanpea__catjang_pea__catjangpea__red_gram__redgram__dhal__dahl__Cajanus_cajan  tropical woody herb with showy yellow flowers and flat pods; much cultivated in the tropics
     subtype:  #pea_tree__peatree__caragana  any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod
        subtype:  #Siberian_pea_tree__Caragana_arborescens  large spiny shrub of eastern Asia having clusters of yellow flowers; often cultivated in shelterbelts and hedges
        subtype:  #Chinese_pea_tree__Caragana_sinica  shrub with dark-green glossy foliage and solitary pale yellow flowers; northern China
     subtype:  #western_redbud__westernredbud__California_redbud__Cercis_occidentalis  shrub of western United States having pink or crimson flowers; often forms thickets
     subtype:  #tagasaste__Chamaecytisus_palmensis__Cytesis_proliferus  shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder
     subtype:  #flame_pea__flamepea  any of several small shrubs or twining vines having entire or lobed leaves and racemes of yellow to orange-red flowers; Australia
     subtype:  #glory_pea__glorypea__clianthus__clianthu  any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pealike red flowers in drooping racemes
        subtype:  #Sturt's_desert_pea__desert_pea__Sturt_pea__Clianthus_formosus__Clianthus_speciosus  sprawling shrubby perennial noted for its scarlet black-marked flowers; widely distributed in dry parts of Australia
        subtype:  #parrot's_beak__parrot's_bill__Clianthus_puniceus  evergreen shrub with scarlet to white clawlike or beaklike flowers; New Zealand
     subtype:  #telegraph_plant__semaphore_plant__semaphoreplant__Codariocalyx_motorius__Desmodium_motorium__Desmodium_gyrans  erect tropical Asian shrub whose small lateral leaflets rotate on their axes and jerk up and down under the influence of sunshine
     subtype:  #bladder_senna__bladdersenna__Colutea_arborescens  yellow-flowered European shrub cultivated for its succession of yellow flowers and very inflated bladdery pods and as a source of wildlife food
     subtype:  #coronilla  any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long-spiked axillary heads or umbels
        subtype:  #axseed__crown_vetch__crownvetch__Coronilla_varia  European herb resembling vetch; naturalized in the eastern United States; having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled pods
     subtype:  #broom.shrub  any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers
        subtype:  #weeping_tree_broom  small shrubby tree of New Zealand having weeping branches and racemes of white to violet flowers followed by woolly indehiscent 2-seeded pods
        subtype:  #white_broom__whitebroom__white_Spanish_broom__Cytisus_albus__Cytisus_multiflorus  low European broom having trifoliate leaves and yellowish-white flowers
        subtype:  #common_broom__Scotch_broom__green_broom__greenbroom__Cytisus_scoparius  deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow flowers
        subtype:  #broom_tree__broomtree__needle_furze__petty_whin__pettywhin__Genista_anglica  prickly yellow-flowered shrub of the moors of New England and Europe
        subtype:  #Spanish_gorse__Spanish_broom__Genista_hispanica  erect shrub of southwestern Europe having racemes of golden yellow flowers
        subtype:  #woodwaxen__dyer's_greenweed__dyer's-broom__dyeweed__greenweed__whin__woadwaxen__Genista_tinctoria  small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers that yield a dye; common as weed in England and United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental
        subtype:  #Spanish_broom__weaver's_broom__Spartium_junceum  tall thornless shrub having pale yellow flowers and flexible rushlike twigs used in basketry; of southwestern Europe and Mediterranean; naturalized in California
     subtype:  #Dalea_spinosa__smoke_tree__smoketree  grayish-green shrub of desert regions of southwestern United States nd Mexico having sparse foliage and terminal spikes of bluish violet flowers; locally important as source of a light-colored honey of excellent flavor
     subtype:  #bitter_pea  any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia
     subtype:  #derris  any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow poisons
     subtype:  #poison_bush__poison_pea__gastrolobium  any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods
     subtype:  #chanar__chanal__Geoffroea_decorticans  thorny shrub or small tree common in central Argentina having small orange or yellow flowers followed by edible berries
     subtype:  #salt_tree__Halimodendron_halodendron__Halimodendron_argenteum  spiny shrub of the Caspian salt plains and Siberia having elegant silvery-downy young foliage and mildly fragrant pink-purple blooms
     subtype:  #hovea__purple_pea  any of several attractive evergreen shrubs of Australia grown for their glossy deep green foliage and flowers in rich blues and intense violets
     subtype:  #indigo_plant__indigo__Indigofera_tinctoria  deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye
        subtype:  #Indigofera_anil__anil__Indigofera_suffruticosa  shrub of West Indies and South America that is a source of indigo dye
     subtype:  #tree_lupine__Lupinus_arboreus  evergreen shrub of United States Pacific coast having showy yellow or blue flowers; naturalized in Australia
     subtype:  #mucuna  any of several erect or climbing woody plants of the genus Mucuna; widespread in tropics of both hemispheres
        subtype:  #velvet_bean__cowage__Bengal_bean__Benghal_bean__Florida_bean__Mucuna_pruriens_utilis__Mucuna_deeringiana__Mucuna_aterrima__Stizolobium_deeringiana  annual semi-woody vine of Asia having long clusters of purplish flowers and densely hairy pods; cultivated in southern United States for green manure and grazing
     subtype:  #chaparral_pea__chaparralpea__stingaree-bush__stingareebush__Pickeringia_montana  spiny evergreen xerophytic shrub having showy rose-purple flowers and forming dense thickets; of dry rocky mountain slopes of California
     subtype:  #flat_pea__Platylobium_formosum  evergreen shrub having almost heart-shaped foliage and bright yellow pealike flowers followed by flat pods with flat wings; Australia and Tasmania
     subtype:  #common_flat_pea__native_holly__Playlobium_obtusangulum  low spreading evergreen shrub of southern Australia having triangular to somewhat heart-shaped foliage and orange-yellow flowers followed by flat winged pods
     subtype:  #retem__raetam__juniper_bush__juniperbush__juniper__Retama_raetam__Genista_raetam  desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista
     subtype:  #bristly_locust__bristlylocust__rose_acacia__moss_locust__Robinia_hispida  large shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having bristly stems and large clusters of pink flowers
     subtype:  #coral_bush__coralbush__flame_bush__flamebush__Templetonia_retusa  Australian shrub having simple obovate leaves and brilliant scarlet flowers
     subtype:  #Irish_gorse__gorse__furze__whin__Ulex_europaeus  very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe
     subtype:  #swamp_oak__swampoak__Viminaria_juncea__Viminaria_denudata  Australian leafless shrub resembling broom and having small yellow flowers
     subtype:  #rose  any of many plants of the genus Rosa
        subtype:  #mountain_rose__Rosa_pendulina  European alpine rose with crimson flowers
        subtype:  #ground_rose__Rosa_spithamaea  low-growing bristly shrub of southern Oregon and California with creeping rootstocks and usually corymbose flowers
        subtype:  #banksia_rose__banksiarose__Rosa_banksia  Chinese evergreen climbing rose with yellow or white single flowers
        subtype:  #dog_rose__dogrose__Rosa_canina  prickly wild rose with delicate pink or white scentless flowers; native to Europe
        subtype:  #China_rose__Bengal_rose__Rosa_chinensis  shrubby Chinese rose; ancestor of many cultivated garden roses
        subtype:  #summer_damask_rose__damask_rose__Rosa_damascena  large hardy very fragrant pink rose; cultivated in Asia Minor as source of attar of roses; parent of many hybrids
        subtype:  #sweetbrier__sweetbriar__brier__briar__eglantine__Rosa_eglanteria  Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips
        subtype:  #Cherokee_rose__Rosa_laevigata  Chinese climbing rose with fragrant white blossoms
        subtype:  #multiflora_rose__multiflorarose__multiflora__Japanese_rose__baby_rose__Rosa_multiflora__rosamultiflora  vigorously growing rose having clusters of numerous small flowers; used for hedges and as grafting stock
        subtype:  #musk_rose__Rosa_moschata  rose native to Mediterranean region having curved or climbing branches and loose clusters of musky-scented flowers
        subtype:  #tea_rose__tearose__rosaodorata  any of several hybrid bush roses derived from a tea-scented Chinese rose with pink or yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Juneberry__serviceberry__service_tree__servicetree__shadbush__shadblow  any of various North American trees or shrubs having showy white flowers and edible blue-black or purplish fruit
        subtype:  #alderleaf_Juneberry__alder-leaved_serviceberry__Amelanchier_alnifolia  shrub or small tree of northwestern North America having fragrant creamy white flowers and small waxy purple-red fruits
        subtype:  #Bartram_Juneberry__Amelanchier_bartramiana  open-growing shrub of eastern North America having pure white flowers and small waxy almost black fruits
     subtype:  #flowering_quince__floweringquince  Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink or red blossoms
        subtype:  #Chaenomeles_japonica__japonica__maule's_quince__maule'squince  deciduous thorny shrub native to Japan having red blossoms
        subtype:  #Japanese_quince__Chaenomeles_speciosa  deciduous thorny shrub native to China having red or white blossoms
     subtype:  #cotoneaster  any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many small white to pinkish flowers followed by tiny red or black fruits
        subtype:  #Cotoneaster_dammeri  climbing evergreen shrub with white flowers and red berries; often used as ground cover
        subtype:  #Cotoneaster_horizontalis  deciduous flat-growing shrub with a fanned herringbone pattern and having reddish flowers and orange-red berries; used as a ground cover
     subtype:  #hawthorn__haw  a spring-flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus
        subtype:  #parsley_haw__parsley-leaved_thorn__Crataegus_apiifolia__Crataegus_marshallii  southern United States hawthorn with pinnately lobed leaves
        subtype:  #scarlet_haw__scarlethaw__Crataegus_biltmoreana  common shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having few thorns and white flowers in corymbs followed by bright orange-red berries
        subtype:  #pear_haw__blackthorn__pear_hawthorn__Crataegus_calpodendron__Crataegus_tomentosa  erect and almost thornless American hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped berries
        subtype:  #cockspur_thorn__cockspur_hawthorn__Crataegus_crus-galli  eastern United States hawthorn with long straight thorns
        subtype:  #mayhaw__summer_haw__Crataegus_aestivalis  hawthorn of southern United States bearing juicy acid scarlet fruit often used in jellies or preserves
        subtype:  #whitethorn__English_hawthorn__may__crataeguslaevigata__Crataegus_oxycantha  thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America
        subtype:  #English_hawthorn__Crataegus_monogyna  European hawthorn having deeply cleft leaves and bright red fruits; widely cultivated in many varieties and often grown as impenetrable hedges; established as an escape in eastern North America
        subtype:  #downy_haw__downyhaw__red_haw__Crataegus_mollis__Crataegus_coccinea_mollis  American red-fruited hawthorn with stems and leaves densely covered with short woolly hairs
        subtype:  #evergreen_thorn__Crataegus_oxyacantha  evergreen hawthorn of southeastern Europe
        subtype:  #red_haw__Crataegus_pedicellata__Crataegus_coccinea  American red-fruited hawthorn with dense corymbs of pink-red flowers
     subtype:  #toyon__tollon__Christmasberry__Christmas_berry__Heteromeles_arbutifolia__Photinia_arbutifolia  ornamental evergreen treelike shrub of United States Pacific coast having large white flowers and red berrylike fruits; often placed in genus Photinia
     subtype:  #five-finger__cinquefoil  any of a numerous plants grown for their 5-petal flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have medicinal properties
        subtype:  #goose-tansy__goosetansy__silverweed__goose_grass__goosegras__Potentilla_anserina  low-growing perennial having leaves silvery beneath; northern United States; Europe; Asia
     subtype:  #cherry_laurel__laurel_cherry__Prunus_laurocerasus  frequently cultivated Eurasian evergreen shrub or small tree having showy clusters of white flowers and glossy foliage and yielding oil similar to bitter almond oil
     subtype:  #sand_cherry__Prunus_pumila__Prunus_pumilla_susquehanae__Prunus_susquehanae__Prunus_cuneata  small straggling American cherry growing on sandy soil and having minute scarcely edible purplish-black fruit
     subtype:  #blackthorn__sloe__Prunus_spinosa  a thorny Eurasian bush with plumlike fruits
     subtype:  #Pyracantha__pyracanth__fire_thorn  any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha bearing small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red berries
     subtype:  #spirea__spiraea  any rosaceous plant of the genus Spiraea; has sprays of small white or pink flowers
        subtype:  #bridalwreath__bridal_wreath__Saint_Peter's_wreath__St._Peter's_wreath__Spiraea_prunifolia  shrub having copious small white flowers in spring
     subtype:  #blolly__West_Indian_snowberry__Chiococca_alba  evergreen climbing shrub of southern Florida and West Indies grown for its racemes of fragrant white to creamy flowers followed by globose white succulent berries
     subtype:  #gardenia  any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers
        subtype:  #cape_jasmine__cape_jessamine__Gardenia_jasminoides__Gardenia_augusta  evergreen shrub widely cultivated for its large fragrant waxlike white flowers and glossy leaves
     subtype:  #hamelia  any of several free-flowering tropical or subtropical shrubs of the genus Hamelia
        subtype:  #scarlet_bush__scarletbush__scarlethamelia__coloradillo__hameliapaten__Hamelia_erecta  handsome shrub with showy orange to scarlet or crimson flowers; Florida and West Indies to Mexico and Brazil
     subtype:  #Georgia_bark__fever_tree__fevertree__bitterbark__Pinckneya_pubens  ornamental shrub or small tree of swampy areas in southwestern United States having large pink or white sepals and yielding Georgia bark for treating fever
     subtype:  #negro_peach__negropeach__Sarcocephalus_latifolius__Sarcocephalus_esculentus  stout spreading or semi-climbing tropical shrub with round brownish-red warty fruit; Africa
     subtype:  #abelia  any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish flowers; Asia and Mexico
     subtype:  #Diervilla_lonicera__bush_honeysuckle  spreading bush of northeastern United States having small clusters of fragrant green-yellow flowers
     subtype:  #Diervilla_sessilifolia__bush_honeysuckle  bush honeysuckle of southeastern United States having large crowded clusters of sulfur-yellow flowers
     subtype:  #beauty_bush__Kolkwitzia_amabilis  Chinese deciduous shrub with yellow-throated pinkish flowers and bristly fruit; often cultivated as an ornamental
     subtype:  #Himalaya_honeysuckle__Leycesteria_formosa  shrub honeysuckle with drooping spikes of purplish flowers
     subtype:  #honeysuckle  shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera
        subtype:  #white_honeysuckle__whitehoneysuckle__Lonicera_albiflora  bushy honeysuckle with twining branches and white or yellow-white flowers; southern United States
        subtype:  #American_fly_honeysuckle__fly_honeysuckle__flyhoneysuckle__Lonicera_canadensis  erect deciduous North American shrub with red-tinged yellow-white flowers
           subtype:  #swamp_fly_honeysuckle__swampflyhoneysuckle  a variety of fly honeysuckle
        subtype:  #Italian_honeysuckle__Italian_woodbine__Lonicera_caprifolium  deciduous climbing shrub with fragrant yellow-white flowers in axillary whorls
        subtype:  #Lonicera_dioica__yellow_honeysuckle  twining deciduous shrub with clusters of purple-tinged yellow-green flowers; northeastern America
        subtype:  #yellow_honeysuckle__Lonicera_flava  climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant yellow (later orange) flowers in terminal whorls; southeastern United States
        subtype:  #hairy_honeysuckle__hairyhoneysuckle__Lonicera_hirsuta  twining deciduous shrub with hairy leaves and spikes of yellow-orange flowers; northeastern America
        subtype:  #twinberry__Lonicera_involucrata  shrubby honeysuckle with purple flowers; western North America
        subtype:  #Japanese_honeysuckle__Lonicera_japonica  an Asiatic trailing evergreen honeysuckle with half-evergreen leaves and fragrant white flowers turning yellow with age; has become a weed in some areas
        subtype:  #Hall's_honeysuckle__Lonicera_japonica_halliana  a variety of Japanese honeysuckle that grows like a vine; established as an aggressive escape in southeastern United States
        subtype:  #Morrow's_honeysuckle__Lonicera_morrowii  a gray deciduous honeysuckle shrub paired white flowers turning yellow; Japan
        subtype:  #woodbine__Lonicera_periclymenum  European twining honeysuckle with fragrant red and yellow-white flowers
        subtype:  #trumpet_honeysuckle__trumpethoneysuckle__coral_honeysuckle__coralhoneysuckle__trumpet_flower__trumpetflower__trumpet_vine__trumpetvine__Lonicera_sempervirens  evergreen North American honeysuckle vine having coral-red or orange flowers
        subtype:  #bush_honeysuckle__Tartarian_honeysuckle__Lonicera_tatarica  a honeysuckle shrub of southern Russia to central Asia
        subtype:  #European_fly_honeysuckle__European_honeysuckle__Lonicera_xylosteum  cultivated Eurasian shrub with twin yellowish-white flowers and scarlet fruit
     subtype:  #coralberry__Indian_currant__Symphoricarpos_orbiculatus  North American deciduous shrub cultivated for it abundant clusters of coral-red berrylike fruits
     subtype:  #elderberry_bush__elder  any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit
        subtype:  #American_elder__black_elderberry__blackelderberry__sweet_elder__sweetelder__Sambucus_canadensis  common elder of central and eastern North America bearing purple-black berries; fruit used in wines and jellies
        subtype:  #blue_elder__blue_elderberry__Sambucus_caerulea  shrub or small tree of western United States having white flowers and blue berries; fruit used in wines and jellies
        subtype:  #dwarf_elder__danewort__Sambucus_ebulus  dwarf herbaceous elder of Europe having pink flowers and a nauseous odor
        subtype:  #bourtree__black_elder__blackelder__common_elder__elderberry__European_elder__Sambucus_nigra  common black-fruited shrub or small tree of Europe and Asia; fruit used for wines and jellies
        subtype:  #American_red_elder__red-berried_elder__redberriedelder__stinkingelder__Sambucus_pubens  common North American shrub or small tree
        subtype:  #European_red_elder__red-berried_elder__redberriedelder__sambucusracemosa  Eurasian shrub
     subtype:  #American_cranberry_bush__cranberry_bush__cranberrybush__cranberry_tree__cranberrytree__highbush_cranberry__Viburnum_trilobum  deciduous North American shrub or small tree having three-lobed leaves and red berries
     subtype:  #wayfaring_tree__wayfaringtree__twistwood__Viburnum_lantana  vigorous deciduous European treelike shrub common along waysides; red berries turn black
     subtype:  #guelder_rose__guelderrose__European_cranberrybush__European_cranberry_bush__crampbark__cranberrytree__Viburnum_opulus  deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries
     subtype:  #southern_arrow_wood__arrow_wood__arrowwood__Viburnum_dentatum  deciduous shrub of eastern North America having blue-black berries and tough pliant wood formerly used to make arrows
     subtype:  #arrow_wood__arrowwood__Viburnum_recognitum  closely related to southern arrow wood; the eastern United States Maine to Ohio and Georgia
     subtype:  #black_haw__blackhaw__Viburnum_prunifolium  upright deciduous shrub having frosted dark-blue fruit; east and east central North America
     subtype:  #weigela__Weigela_florida  deciduous shrub widely cultivated for its white or pink or red flowers
     subtype:  #Erythroxylon_coca__coca  a South American shrub whose leaves are chewed by natives of the Andes; a source of cocaine
     subtype:  #Erythroxylon_truxiuense  a South American shrub whose leaves are a source of cocaine
     subtype:  #Syrian_bean_caper__bean_caper__Zygophyllum_fabago  perennial shrub of the eastern Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia having flowers whose buds are used as capers
     subtype:  #creosote_bush__coville__hediondilla__Larrea_tridentata  desert shrub of southwestern United States and New Mexico having persistent resinous aromatic foliage and small yellow flowers
     subtype:  #boxwood__box  evergreen shrubs or small trees
        subtype:  #common_box__European_box__Buxus_sempervirens  large slow-growing evergreen shrub or small tree with multiple stems; extensively used for hedges or borders and topiary figures
     subtype:  #staff_tree__stafftree  any small tree or twining shrub of the genus Celastrus
     subtype:  #spindle_tree__spindletree__spindleberry__spindleberry_tree  any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries
        subtype:  #common_spindle_tree__Euonymus_europaeus  small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit
        subtype:  #winged_spindle_tree__Euonymous_alatus  bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China
     subtype:  #wahoo__burning_bush__burningbush__Euonymus_atropurpureus  deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
     subtype:  #strawberry_bush__wahoo__Euonymus_americanus  upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas
     subtype:  #cyrilla__leatherwood__white_titi__whitetiti__Cyrilla_racemiflora  shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange-crimson foliage
     subtype:  #crowberry  a low evergreen shrub with small purple flowers and black berrylike fruit
     subtype:  #Chinese_holly__Ilex_cornuta  dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental
     subtype:  #smoke_tree__smoketree__smoke_bush__smokebush  any of several shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Cotinus
        subtype:  #American_smokewood__chittamwood__Cotinus_americanus__Cotinus_obovatus  shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
        subtype:  #Venetian_sumac__wig_tree__wigtree__Cotinus_coggygria  Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
     subtype:  #laurel_sumac__Malosma_laurina__Rhus_laurina  small aromatic evergreen shrub of California having paniculate leaves and whitish berries; in some classifications included in genus Rhus
     subtype:  #sumach__sumac__shumac  a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous members of the genus)
        subtype:  #fragrant_sumac__lemon_sumac__Rhus_aromatica  sweet-scented sumac of eastern America having ternate leaves and yellowish-green flowers in spikes resembling catkins followed by red hairy fruits
        subtype:  #smooth_sumac__scarlet_sumac__scarletsumac__vinegar_tree__vinegartree__rhusglabra  common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with waxy compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
        subtype:  #dwarf_sumac__dwarfsumac__mountain_sumac__black_sumac__blacksumac__shining_sumac__shiningsumac__Rhus_copallina  common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
        subtype:  #sugar-bush__sugarbush__sugar_sumac__sugarsumac__Rhus_ovata  evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with spikes of reddish-yellow flowers and glandular hairy fruits
        subtype:  #staghorn_sumac__velvet_sumac__Virginian_sumac__vinegar_tree__vinegartree__rhustyphina  deciduous shrubby tree or eastern North America with compound leaves that turn brilliant red in fall and dense panicles of greenish yellow flowers followed by crimson acidic berries
        subtype:  #squawbush__skunkbush__Rhus_trilobata  deciduous shrub of California with unpleasantly scented usually trifoliate leaves and edible fruit
     subtype:  #buckthorn  any shrub or small tree of the genus Bumelia
        subtype:  #southern_buckthorn__shittimwood__mock_orange__mockorange__Bumelia_lycioides  shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit
        subtype:  #false_buckthorn__falsebuckthorn__chittamwood__chittimwood__shittimwood__blackhaw__Bumelia_lanuginosa  deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico
     subtype:  #styrax  any shrub or small tree of the genus Styrax having fragrant bell-shaped flowers that hang below the dark green foliage
        subtype:  #snowbell__Styrax_obassia  small tree native to Japan
        subtype:  #Japanese_snowbell__Styrax_japonicum  shrubby tree of China and Japan
        subtype:  #Texas_snowbell__Texas_snowbells__Styrax_texana  styrax of southwestern United States; a threatened species
     subtype:  #hydrangea  any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the genus Hydrangea
        subtype:  #Hydrangea_anomala__climbing_hydrangea  deciduous climber with aerial roots having white to creamy flowers in fairly flat heads
        subtype:  #wild_hydrangea__Hydrangea_arborescens  deciduous shrub with creamy white flower clusters; eastern United States
        subtype:  #hortensia__Hydrangea_macrophylla_hortensis  deciduous shrub bearing round-headed flower clusters opening green and aging to pink or blue
        subtype:  #fall-blooming_hydrangea__Hydrangea_paniculata  deciduous shrub or small tree with pyramidal flower clusters
        subtype:  #Hydrangea_petiolaris__climbing_hydrangea  deciduous climber with aerial roots having large flat flower heads
        subtype:  #carpenteria__Carpenteria_californica  California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and terminal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers
        subtype:  #decumary__Decumaria_barbata__Decumaria_barbara  woody climber of southeastern United States having white flowers in compound terminal clusters
        subtype:  #deutzia  any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters
     subtype:  #philadelphus  any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental shrubs of the genus Philadelphus having white sweet-scented flowers, single or in clusters; widely grown in temperate regions
        subtype:  #syringa__mock_orange__mockorange__Philadelphus_coronarius  large hardy shrub with showy and strongly fragrant creamy-white flowers in short terminal racemes
     subtype:  #climbing_hydrangea__Schizophragma_hydrangeoides  climbing shrub with adhesive aerial roots having opposite leaves and small white flowers in terminal cymes; Himalayas to Taiwan and Japan
     subtype:  #bridal_wreath__Francoa_ramosa  Chilean evergreen shrub having delicate spikes of small white flowers
     subtype:  #currant_bush__currantbush__currant  any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants
        subtype:  #garden_current__red_currant__Ribes_rubrum  cultivated European current bearing small edible red berries
        subtype:  #European_black_currant__black_currant__blackcurrant__Ribes_nigrum  widely cultivated current bearing edible black aromatic berries
        subtype:  #white_currant__whitecurrant__Ribes_sativum  garden currant bearing small white berries
        subtype:  #winter_currant__Ribes_sanguineum  a flowering shrub
     subtype:  #gooseberry_bush__gooseberry__Ribes_uva-crispa__Ribes_grossularia  spiny Eurasian shrub having greenish purple-tinged flowers and ovoid yellow-green or red-purple berries
     subtype:  #caricature_plant__Graptophyllum_pictum  tropical Old World shrub having purple or red tubular flowers and leaf markings resembling the profile of a human face
     subtype:  #desert_willow__Chilopsis_linearis  evergreen shrubby tree resembling a willow of dry regions of southwestern North America having showy purplish flowers and long seed pods
     subtype:  #columnea  tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and ornamental foliage
     subtype:  #yerba_santa__yerbasanta__Eriodictyon_californicum  viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to Deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating bronchial and pulmonary illnesses
     subtype:  #Apalachicola_rosemary__Conradina_glabra  small shrub of Apalachicola River area in southeastern United States having highly aromatic pinkish flowers; a threatened species
     subtype:  #lavender  any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated
        subtype:  #English_lavender__Lavandula_angustifolia__Lavandula_officinalis  aromatic Mediterranean shrub widely cultivated for its lilac flowers which are dried and used in sachets
        subtype:  #French_lavender__Lavandula_stoechas  shrubby grayish lavender of southwestern Europe having usually reddish-purple flowers
        subtype:  #spike_lavender__spikelavender__French_lavender__Lavandula_latifolia  Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil
     subtype:  #Lepechinia_calycina__pitcher_sage__pitchersage__sphacelecalycina  California plant with woolly stems and leaves and large white flowers
     subtype:  #Pogostemon_cablin__patchouli__patchouly__pachouli  small East Indian shrubby mint; fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes
     subtype:  #red_shrubby_penstemon__redshrubbypenstemon__redwood_penstemon__redwoodpenstemon  low branching dark green shrub with bunches of brick-red flowers at ends of branches; coastal ranges and foothills of northern California
     subtype:  #naranjilla__Solanum_quitoense  small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resembling tomatoes or oranges
     subtype:  #Brazilian_potato_tree__potato_tree__Solanum_wrightii__Solanum_macranthum  South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato
     subtype:  #lady-of-the-night__Brunfelsia_americana  West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers
     subtype:  #maikoa__angel's_trumpet__angel'strumpet__Brugmansia_arborea__Datura_arborea  South American plant cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #angel's_trumpet__angel'strumpet__Brugmansia_suaveolens__Datura_suaveolens  South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #red_angel's_trumpet__redangel'strumpet__Brugmansia_sanguinea__Datura_sanguinea  arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers
     subtype:  #capsicum_pepper_plant__capsicum__pepper  any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers
        subtype:  #cone_pepper__Capsicum_annuum_conoides  plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental
        subtype:  #chili_pepper__chilipepper__cayenne__cayenne_pepper__cayennepepper__chilli_pepper__long_pepper__jalapeno__Capsicum_annuum_longum  plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red
        subtype:  #sweet_pepper_plant__sweet_pepper__sweetpepper__bell_pepper__pimento__pimiento__paprika__Capsicum_annuum_grossum  plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped fruits; the principal salad peppers
        subtype:  #sweet_pepper.capsicum_pepper_plant__sweetpepper  mild bell-shaped fruit of a sweet pepper plant; usually green and red but now available in orange and yellow and purple and black and white
        subtype:  #cherry_pepper__Capsicum_annuum_cerasiforme  plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits
        subtype:  #bird_pepper__Capsicum_frutescens_baccatum__Capsicum_baccatum  plant bearing very small and very hot oblong red fruits; includes wild forms native to tropical America; thought to be ancestral to the sweet pepper and many hot peppers
        subtype:  #tabasco_pepper__tabascopepper__hot_pepper__hotpepper__tabasco_plant__tabascoplant__Capsicum_frutescens  plant bearing very hot medium-sized oblong red peppers; grown principally in the Gulf Coast states for production of hot sauce
     subtype:  #day_jessamine__dayjessamine__Cestrum_diurnum  West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped white flowers that are fragrant by day
     subtype:  #night_jasmine__nightjasmine__night_jessamine__nightjessamine__Cestrum_nocturnum  West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped yellow-white flowers that are fragrant by night
     subtype:  #tree_tomato__tamarillo  South American arborescent shrub having pale pink blossoms followed by egg-shaped reddish-brown edible fruit somewhat resembling a tomato in flavor
     subtype:  #thorn_apple__thornapple  any of several plants of the genus Datura
        subtype:  #jimsonweed__jimson_weed__Jamestown_weed__common_thorn_apple__apple_of_Peru__Datura_stramonium  intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits
     subtype:  #pichi__Fabiana_imbricata  Peruvian shrub with small pink to lavender tubular flowers; leaves yield a tonic and diuretic
     subtype:  #matrimony_vine__matrimonyvine__boxthorn  any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Lycium with showy flowers and bright berries
        subtype:  #common_matrimony_vine__Duke_of_Argyll's_tea_tree__Lycium_barbarum__Lycium_halimifolium  deciduous erect or spreading shrub with spiny branches and violet-purple flowers followed by orange-red berries; southeastern Europe to China
     subtype:  #Christmasberry__Christmas_berry__Lycium_carolinianum  spiny evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having spreading branches usually blue or mauve flowers and red berries
     subtype:  #chalice_vine__chalicevine__trumpet_flower__trumpetflower__cupflower__Solandra_guttata  Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with purple-brown ridges in the throat
     subtype:  #marmalade_bush__marmaladebush__firebush__Streptosolen_jamesonii  evergreen South American shrub having showy trumpet-shaped orange flowers; grown as an ornamental or houseplant
     subtype:  #spurge  any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice
        subtype:  #caper_spurge__caperspurge__myrtle_spurge__mole_plant__Euphorbia_lathyris  poisonous Old World spurge; adventive in America; seeds yield a purgative oil
        subtype:  #sun_spurge__sunspurge__wartweed__wartwort__devil's_milk__devil'smilk__euphorbiahelioscopia  not unattractive European weed whose flowers turn toward the sun
        subtype:  #petty_spurge__pettyspurge__devil's_milk__devil'smilk__euphorbiapeplu  an Old World spurge introduced as a weed in the eastern United States
        subtype:  #medusa's_head__Euphorbia_medusae__Euphorbia_caput-medusae  African dwarf succulent perennial shrub with numerous slender drooping branches
        subtype:  #wild_spurge__flowering_spurge__floweringspurge__tramp's_spurge__tramp'sspurge__Euphorbia_corollata  common perennial United States spurge having showy white petallike bracts
        subtype:  #snow-on-the-mountain__snow-in-summer__ghost_weed__ghostweed__Euphorbia_marginata  annual spurge of western United States having showy white-bracted flower clusters and very poisonous milk
        subtype:  #cypress_spurge__cypressspurge__Euphorbia_cyparissias  Old World perennial having foliage resembling cypress; naturalized as a weed in the United States
        subtype:  #leafy_spurge__leafyspurge__wolf's_milk__Euphorbia_esula  tall European perennial naturalized and troublesome as a weed in eastern North America
        subtype:  #hairy_spurge__hairyspurge__Euphorbia_hirsuta  much-branched hirsute weed native to northeastern North America
        subtype:  #poinsettia__Christmas_star__Christmas_flower__lobster_plant__lobsterplant__Mexican_flameleaf__painted_leaf__paintedleaf__Euphorbia_pulcherrima  tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers
        subtype:  #Japanese_poinsettia__mole_plant__paint_leaf__paintleaf__Euphorbia_heterophylla  showy poinsettia found from the southern United States to Peru
        subtype:  #fire-on-the-mountain__painted_leaf__paintedleaf__Mexican_fire_plant__Euphorbia_cyathophora  poinsettia of United States and eastern Mexico; often confused with Euphorbia heterophylla
        subtype:  #wood_spurge__Euphorbia_amygdaloides  European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters
        subtype:  #Euphorbia_antisyphilitica__candelilla  wax-coated shrub of northern Mexico and southwestern United States
        subtype:  #dwarf_spurge__dwarfspurge__Euphorbia_exigua  European erect or depressed annual weedy spurge adventive in northeastern United States
        subtype:  #scarlet_plume__scarletplume__Euphorbia_fulgens  Mexican shrub often cultivated for its scarlet-bracted flowers
        subtype:  #naboom__cactus_euphorbia__Euphorbia_ingens  small tree of dry open parts of southern Africa having erect angled branches suggesting candelabra
        subtype:  #Christ_thorn__crown_of_thorns__Christ_plant__Euphorbia_milii  somewhat climbing bushy spurge of Madagascar having long woody spiny stems with few leaves and flowers with scarlet bracts
        subtype:  #toothed_spurge__toothedspurge__Euphorbia_dentata  an annual weed of northeastern North America with dentate leaves
     subtype:  #three-seeded_mercury__Acalypha_virginica  weedy herb of eastern North America
     subtype:  #Croton_tiglium__croton  tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil
        subtype:  #cascarilla__Croton_eluteria  West Indian shrub with aromatic bark
     subtype:  #croton__Codiaeum_variegatum  grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant
     subtype:  #castor-oil_plant__castor_bean_plant__palma_christi__palmachristi__palma_christ__palmachrist__ricinuscommuni  large shrub of tropical Africa and Asia having large palmate leaves and spiny capsules containing seeds that are the source of castor oil and ricin; widely naturalized throughout the tropics
     subtype:  #casava__cassava  any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch
        subtype:  #bitter_cassava__manioc__mandioc__mandioca__tapioca_plant__tapiocaplant__gari__Manihot_esculenta__Manihot_utilissima  cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca
        subtype:  #sweet_cassava__sweetcassava__Manihot_dulcis  South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed
     subtype:  #slipper_spurge__slipperspurge__slipper_plant__slipperplant  any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resembling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts
        subtype:  #candelilla__Pedilanthus_bracteatus__Pedilanthus_pavonis  wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica
        subtype:  #jewbush__jew_bush__jewbush__redbird_cactus__redbird_flower__redbirdflower__Pedilanthus_tithymaloides  low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties
     subtype:  #camellia__camelia  any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers
        subtype:  #Camellia_japonica__japonica  greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant roselike flowers; cultivated in many varieties
     subtype:  #Camellia_sinensis__tea  a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves; "tea has fragrant white flowers"
     subtype:  #sea_holly__seaholly__sea_holm__seaholm__sea_eryngium__seaeryngium__Eryngium_maritimum  European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac
     subtype:  #puka__Griselinia_lucida  South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers
     subtype:  #kapuka__Griselinia_littoralis  small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental
     subtype:  #undershrub  a low shrub
     subtype:  #burning_bush__burningbush  (Old Testament) the bush that burned without being consumed and from which God spoke to Moses
     subtype:  #shrublet  dwarf shrub
        subtype:  #creeping_snowberry__moxie_plum__moxieplum__maidenhair_berry__Gaultheria_hispidula  slow-growing procumbent evergreen shrublet of northern North America and Japan having white flowers and numerous white fleshy rough-hairy seeds
        subtype:  #teaberry__wintergreen__checkerberry__mountain_tea__groundberry__creepingwintergreen__Gaultheria_procumbens  creeping shrub of eastern North America having white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil
        subtype:  #California_fuchsia__humming_bird's_trumpet__Epilobium_canum_canum__Zauschneria_californica  shrublet of southwestern United States to Mexico having brilliant scarlet flowers
     subtype:  #subshrub__suffrutex  low-growing woody shrub or perennial with woody base
        subtype:  #darling_pea__poison_bush  either of two Australian plants of the genus Swainsona that are poisonous to sheep
           subtype:  #smooth_darling_pea__Swainsona_galegifolia  erect or trailing perennial of eastern Australia having axillary racemes of blue to purple or red flowers
           subtype:  #hairy_darling_pea__hairydarlingpea__Swainsona_greyana__Swainsona_grandiflora  shrubby perennial of southern Australia having downy or woolly stems and undersides of leaves and racemes of red to pink flowers
        subtype:  #blue_star__Amsonia_tabernaemontana  subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes
        subtype:  #periwinkle  chiefly trailing poisonous plants with blue flowers
           subtype:  #Vinca_minor__myrtle  widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers
           subtype:  #large_periwinkle__largeperiwinkle__Vinca_major  plant having variegated foliage and used for window boxes
        subtype:  #wild_sarsaparilla__false_sarsaparilla__falsesarsaparilla__wild_sarsparilla__Aralia_nudicaulis  common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central and eastern North America
        subtype:  #American_spikenard__petty_morel__life-of-man__Aralia_racemosa  unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico
        subtype:  #bristly_sarsaparilla__bristlysarsaparilla__bristlysarsparilla__dwarf_elder__Aralia_hispida  bristly herb of eastern and central North America having black fruit and medicinal bark
        subtype:  #bloodleaf  any plant of the genus Iresine having colored foliage
           subtype:  #beef_plant__beefsteak_plant__beefsteakplant__Iresine_herbstii__Iresine_reticulata  South American plant having green to purple or red branches with green to purple ornamental foliage and spikes of insignificant woolly flowers with dry membranous bracts
        subtype:  #desert_plume__prince's-plume__Stanleya_pinnata__Cleome_pinnata  perennial of southwestern United States having leathery blue-green pinnatifid leaves and thick plumelike spikes of yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cleome
        subtype:  #matilija_poppy__California_tree_poppy__Romneya_coulteri  tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large fragrant white flowers
        subtype:  #burdock__clotbur  any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs
           subtype:  #common_burdock__lesser_burdock__Arctium_minus  ubiquitous in all but very acid soil; most of Europe (except Arctic Caucasus) and North Africa
           subtype:  #great_burdock__greatburdock__greater_burdock__greaterburdock__cocklebur__arctiumlappa  burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use
        subtype:  #marguerite_daisy__marguerite__Paris_daisy__Chrysanthemum_frutescens__Argyranthemum_frutescens  perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum
        subtype:  #wormwood  any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium
           subtype:  #mugwort  any of several weedy composite plants of the genus Artemisia
              subtype:  #western_mugwort__westernmugwort__white_sage__whitesage__cudweed__prairiesage__Artemisia_ludoviciana__Artemisia_gnaphalodes  perennial cottony-white herb of southwestern United States
              subtype:  #common_mugwort__Artemisia_vulgaris  European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below and red-brown florets
           subtype:  #southernwood__Artemisia_abrotanum  shrubby European wormwood naturalized in North America; sometimes used in brewing beer
           subtype:  #common_wormwood__absinthe__old_man__lad's_love__lad'slove__Artemisia_absinthium  aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe
           subtype:  #sweet_wormwood__sweetwormwood__Artemisia_annua  wormwood of southeastern Europe to Iran
           subtype:  #field_wormwood__fieldwormwood__Artemisia_campestris  European wormwood similar to common wormwood in its properties
           subtype:  #wormwood_sage__prairie_sagewort__prairiesagewort__Artemisia_frigida  silky-leaved aromatic perennial of dry northern parts of the northern hemisphere; has tawny florets
           subtype:  #Roman_wormwood__Artemis_pontica  European wormwood; minor source of absinthe
           subtype:  #beach_wormwood__beachwormwood__dusty_miller__dustymiller__oldwoman__Artemisia_stelleriana  herb with grayish leaves found along the east coast of North America; used as an ornamental plant
           subtype:  #sea_wormwood__seawormwood__Seriphidium_maritimum__Artemisia_maritima  plants of western and northern European coasts
        subtype:  #sagebrush__sage_brush  any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium
           subtype:  #California_sagebrush__California_sage__Artemisia_californica  low ashy-gray California shrub
           subtype:  #sand_sage__silvery_wormwood__silverywormwood__Artemisia_filifolia  silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands
           subtype:  #bud_brush__budbrush__bud_sagebrush__budsagebrush__Artemis_spinescens  half-shrubby perennial valuable as sheep forage in the United States
           subtype:  #silver_sage__silver_sagebrush__gray_sage__Seriphidium_canum__Artemisia_cana  low much-branched perennial of western United States having silvery leaves; an important browse and shelter plant
           subtype:  #big_sagebrush__bigsagebrush__blue_sage__Seriphidium_tridentatum__Artemisia_tridentata  aromatic shrub of arid regions of western North America having hoary leaves
        subtype:  #bur_marigold__burmarigold__burr_marigold__beggar-ticks__beggar's-ticks__sticktight  any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing
           subtype:  #Bidens_bipinnata__spanish_needles__spanishneedle  common bur marigold of the eastern United States
           subtype:  #tickseed_sunflower__Bidens_coronata__Bidens_trichosperma  North American bur marigold with large flowers
           subtype:  #European_beggar-ticks__trifid_beggar-ticks__trifid_bur_marigold__Bidens_tripartita  of temperate Eurasia
           subtype:  #swampy_beggar-ticks__Bidens_connata  bur marigold of eastern and northern United States and Canada common in wet pastures and meadows
        subtype:  #centaury  any plant of the genus Centaurea
           subtype:  #basket_flower__Centaurea_americana  annual of southwestern United States cultivated for its purple-rayed flower heads and its bracts that resemble small baskets
           subtype:  #Centaurea_cineraria__dusty_miller__dustymiller__centaureagymnocarpa  a plant having leaves and stems covered with down that resembles dust
           subtype:  #star-thistle__caltrop__Centauria_calcitrapa  Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized in America
           subtype:  #knapweed  any of various plants of the genus Centaurea having purple thistlelike flowers
              subtype:  #slender_knapweed__slenderknapweed  a variety of knapweed
              subtype:  #Jersey_knapweed  a variety of knapweed
              subtype:  #lesser_knapweed__black_knapweed__blackknapweed__hardheads__hardhead__Centaurea_nigra  a weedy perennial with tough wiry stems and purple flowers; native to Europe but widely naturalized
              subtype:  #great_knapweed__greatknapweed__greater_knapweed__greaterknapweed__Centaurea_scabiosa  tall European perennial having purple flower heads
        subtype:  #matchweed__matchbush  any of several plants of the genus Gutierrezia having tiny flower heads that resemble the heads of matches
           subtype:  #little-head_snakeweed__Gutierrezia_microcephala  similar to Gutierrezia sarothrae but with flower heads having fewer rays and disk flowers
           subtype:  #rabbitweed__snakeweed__broom_snakeweed__broomsnakeweed__broom_snakeroot__broomsnakeroot__turpentine_weed__Gutierrezia_sarothrae  low-growing sticky subshrub of southwestern United States having narrow linear leaves on many slender branches and hundreds of tiny yellow flower heads
           subtype:  #broomweed__Gutierrezia_texana  annual of southwestern United States having rigid woody branches with sticky foliage and yellow flowers
        subtype:  #guayule__Parthenium_argentatum  much-branched subshrub with silvery leaves and small white flowers of Texas and northern Mexico; cultivated as a source of rubber
        subtype:  #American_feverfew__wild_quinine__prairie_dock__prairiedock__Parthenium_integrifolium  stout perennial herb of the eastern United States with whitish flowers; leaves traditionally used by Catawba indians to treat burns
        subtype:  #chaffweed__bastard_pimpernel__bastardpimpernel__false_pimpernel__falsepimpernel  weedy plant having short dry chafflike leaves
        subtype:  #thrift  any of numerous sun-loving low-growing evergreens of the genus Armeria having round heads of pink or white flowers
           subtype:  #cliff_rose__cliffrose__sea_pink__seapink__Armeria_maritima  tufted thrift of seacoasts and mountains of north temperate zone; occasionally grown as a ground cover
        subtype:  #sea_lavender__sealavender__marsh_rosemary__marshrosemary__statice  any of various plants of the genus Limonium of temperate salt marshes having spikes of whit or mauve flowers
        subtype:  #corchorus__corchoru  any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute
        subtype:  #diapensia  any boreal low-growing evergreen plant of the genus Diapensia
        subtype:  #loosestrife.subshrub  any of numerous herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lythrum
           subtype:  #purple_loosestrife__spiked_loosestrife__Lythrum_salicaria  marsh herb with a long spike of purple flowers; originally of Europe but now rampant in eastern United States
           subtype:  #grass_poly__grasspoly__hyssop_loosestrife__Lythrum_hyssopifolia  annual with small solitary pink flowers; originally of Europe but widely naturalized in moist areas
        subtype:  #deer_grass__meadow_beauty  any of several plants of the genus Rhexia usually having pink-purple to magenta flowers; eastern North America
        subtype:  #St_John's_wort  any of numerous plants of the genus Hypericum having yellow flowers and transparently dotted leaves; traditionally gathered on St John's eve to ward off evil
           subtype:  #common_St_John's_wort__tutsan__Hypericum_androsaemum  deciduous bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers and reddish-purple fruits from which a soothing salve is made in Spain
           subtype:  #great_St_John's_wort__Hypericum_ascyron__Hypericum_pyramidatum  perennial shrub having large star-shaped yellow flowers in narrowly pyramidal cymes
           subtype:  #creeping_St_John's_wort__Hypericum_calycinum  creeping evergreen shrub with bright yellow star-shaped summer flowers; useful as ground cover
           subtype:  #orange_grass__nitweed__pineweed__Hypericum_gentianoides  annual wiry-stemmed North American weed with minute scalelike leaves and small yellow flowers
           subtype:  #St_Andrews's_cross__Hypericum_crux_andrae  shrubby plant having yellow to apricot flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; southeastern United States: New York to Texas
           subtype:  #low_St_Andrew's_cross__Hypericum_hypericoides  low shrubby plant having yellow flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; Bermuda and southeastern United States to West Indies and eastern Mexico
           subtype:  #klammath_weed__Hypericum_perforatum  yellow-flowered perennial common in fields and waste places but a weed in rangelands
           subtype:  #shrubby_St_John's_wort__Hypericum_prolificum__Hypericum_spathulatum  stiff shrub having oblong entire leaves and dense cymes of yellow flowers
           subtype:  #St_Peter's_wort__Hypericum_tetrapterum__Hypericum_maculatum  European perennial St John's wort; Ireland and France to western Siberia
           subtype:  #marsh_St-John's_wort__Hypericum_virginianum  perennial marsh herb with pink to mauve flowers; southeastern United States
        subtype:  #false_heather__falseheather__golden_heather__Hudsonia_ericoides  North American decumbent evergreen heathlike plant with yellow flowers
        subtype:  #beach_heather__beachheather__poverty_grass__povertygras__Hudsonia_tomentosa  small heathlike plant covered with white down growing on beaches in northeastern North America
        subtype:  #partridge_pea__partridgepea__sensitive_pea__sensitivepea__wild_sensitive_plant__Chamaecrista_fasciculata__Cassia_fasciculata  tropical American plant having leaflets somewhat sensitive to the touch; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  #sicklepod__Senna_obtusifolia__Cassia_tora  cosmopolitan tropical herb or subshrub with yellow flowers and slender curved pods; a weed; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  #tick_trefoil__beggar_lice__beggar's_lice  any of various tropical and subtropical plants having trifoliate leaves and rough sticky pod sections or loments
           subtype:  #beggarweed__Desmodium_tortuosum__Desmodium_purpureum  West Indian forage plant cultivated in southern United States as forage and to improve soil
        subtype:  #sweet_vetch__sweetvetch__Hedysarum_boreale  perennial of western United States having racemes of pink to purple flowers followed by flat pods that separate into nearly orbicular joints
        subtype:  #French_honeysuckle__sulla__Hedysarum_coronarium  perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important honey crop
        subtype:  #horseshoe_vetch__horseshoevetch__Hippocrepis_comosa  European woody perennial with yellow umbellate flowers followed by flattened pods that separate into horseshoe-shaped joints
        subtype:  #cube.plant  any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone
        subtype:  #prairie_bird's-foot_trefoil__compass_plant__compassplant__prairie_lotus__prairielotu__prairie_trefoil__prairietrefoil__Lotus_americanus  North American annual with red or rose-colored flowers
        subtype:  #coral_gem__coralgem__Lotus_berthelotii  low-growing much-branched perennial of Canary Islands having orange-red to scarlet or purple flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  #bird's_foot_clover__bird's_foot_trefoil__babies'_slippers__bacon_and_eggs__Lotus_corniculatus  European forage plant having claw-shaped pods introduced in America
        subtype:  #wild_lupine__sundial_lupine__sundiallupine__Indian_beet__old-maid's_bonnet__Lupinus_perennis  stout perennial of eastern and central North America having palmate leaves and showy racemose blue flowers
        subtype:  #Ononis_repens__restharrow  European woody plant having pink flowers and unifoliate leaves and long tough roots; spreads by underground runners
        subtype:  #restharrow__Ononis_spinosa  Eurasian plant having loose racemes of pink or purple flowers and spiny stems and tough roots
        subtype:  #hoary_pea__hoarypea  a plant of the genus Tephrosia having pinnate leaves and white or purplish flowers and flat hairy pods
           subtype:  #Tephrosia_purpurea__bastard_indigo__bastardindigo  East Indian shrub
           subtype:  #catgut__goat's_rue__wild_sweet_pea__Tephrosia_virginiana  perennial subshrub of eastern North America having downy leaves yellowish and rose flowers and; source of rotenone
        subtype:  #prince's-feather__princess_feather__kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate__prince's-plume__Polygonum_orientale  annual with broadly ovate leaves and slender drooping spikes of crimson flowers; southeastern Asia and Australia; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  #eriogonum  any plant of the genus Eriogonum with small clustered flowers
           subtype:  #Eriogonum_allenii__umbrella_plant  late-blooming perennial plant of shale barrens of Virginia having flowers in flat-topped clusters
           subtype:  #wild_buckwheat__California_buckwheat__Erigonum_fasciculatum  low-growing shrub with spreading branches and flowers in loose heads; desert regions of western United States (California to Utah)
        subtype:  #mountain_avens__Dryas_octopetala  creeping evergreen shrub with large white flowers; widely distributed in northern portions of Eurasia and North America
        subtype:  #avens__aven  any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers
           subtype:  #Geum_alleppicum_strictum__yellow_avens__Geum_strictum  erect subshrub with deep yellow flowers; Europe and Asia and North America
           subtype:  #Geum_canadense__bennet__white_avens  North American white-flowered avens
           subtype:  #yellow_avens__Geum_macrophyllum  hairy yellow-flowered plant of eastern Asia and North America
           subtype:  #water_avens__wateraven__Indian_chocolate__purple_avens__chocolate_root__chocolateroot__Geum_rivale  erect perennial of north temperate zone having pinnate leaves and few nodding flowers with brown-purple calyx and orange-pink petals
           subtype:  #prairie_smoke__prairiesmoke__purple_avens__Geum_triflorum  North American perennial with hairy basal pinnate leaves and purple flowers and plume-tipped fruits
           subtype:  #herb_bennet__cloveroot__wood_avens__Geum_urbanum  hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally
           subtype:  #bennet__white_avens__Geum_virginianum  avens of Virginia having pale or greenish yellow flowers
        subtype:  #Western_sand_cherry__Rocky_Mountains_cherry__Prunus_besseyi  dwarf ornamental shrub of western United States having large black to red and yellow sweet edible fruit
        subtype:  #woodruff  any plant of the genus Asperula
           subtype:  #dyer's_woodruff__Asperula_tinctoria  creeping European perennial having red or pinkish-white flowers and red roots sometimes used as a substitute for madder in dyeing
        subtype:  #twinflower__Linnaea_borealis  creeping evergreen subshrub of the northern parts of Europe and Asia with delicate fragrant tubular bell-shaped usually pink flowers borne in pairs
           subtype:  #American_twinflower__Linnaea_borealis_americana  similar to the twinflower of northern Europe and Asia
        subtype:  #milkwort  any of various plants of the genus Polygala
           subtype:  #Polygala_alba__senega  perennial bushy herb of Central and southern United States having white flowers with green centers and often purple crest; similar to Seneca snakeroot
           subtype:  #orange_milkwort__yellow_milkwort__candyweed__yellow_bachelor's_button__Polygala_lutea  bog plant of pine barrens of southeastern United States having spikes of irregular yellow-orange flowers
           subtype:  #flowering_wintergreen__floweringwintergreen__gaywings__bird-on-the-wing__fringed_polygala__fringedpolygala__Polygala_paucifolia  common trailing perennial milkwort of eastern North America having leaves like wintergreen and usually rosy-purple flowers with winged sepals
           subtype:  #Seneca_snakeroot__Seneka_snakeroot__senga_root__sengaroot__senega_root__senega_snakeroot__Polygala_senega  eastern North American plant having a terminal cluster of small white flowers and medicinal roots
           subtype:  #common_milkwort__gand_flower__Polygala_vulgaris  small European perennial with numerous branches having racemes of blue, pink or white flowers; formerly reputed to promote human lactation
        subtype:  #caltrop__devil's_weed__devil'sweed__Tribulus_terestris  tropical annual procumbent poisonous subshrub having fruit that splits into five spiny nutlets; serious pasture weed
        subtype:  #pachysandra  any plant of the genus Pachysandra; low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover
           subtype:  #Allegheny_spurge__Allegheny_mountain_spurge__Pachysandra_procumbens  low semi-evergreen perennial herb having small spikes of white or pinkish flowers; native to southern United States but grown elsewhere
           subtype:  #Japanese_spurge__Pachysandra_terminalis  slow-growing Japanese evergreen subshrub having terminal spikes of white flowers; grown as a ground cover
        subtype:  #pinwheel__Aeonium_haworthii  perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in rosettes resembling pinwheels
        subtype:  #phlomis  any of various plants of the genus Phlomis; grown primarily for their dense whorls of lipped flowers and attractive foliage
        subtype:  #Jerusalem_sage__Phlomis_fruticosa  a spreading subshrub of Mediterranean regions cultivated for dense axillary whorls of purple or yellow flowers
        subtype:  #germander  any of various plants of the genus Teucrium
           subtype:  #American_germander__wood_sage__Teucrium_canadense  subshrub with serrate leaves and cream to pink or purple flowers in spikelike racemes; North America
           subtype:  #wall_germander__Teucrium_chamaedrys  European perennial subshrub with red-purple or bright rose flowers with red and white spots
           subtype:  #cat_thyme__catthyme__marum__Teucrium_marum  Mediterranean germander having small hairy leaves and reddish purple flowers; attractive to cats
           subtype:  #wood_sage__Teucrium_scorodonia  European germander with one-sided racemes of yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  #blue_curls  any of several plants of the genus Trichostema having whorls of small blue flowers
           subtype:  #black_sage__blacksage__wooly_blue_curls__California_romero__Trichostema_lanatum  aromatic wooly-leaved plant of southern California and Mexico
           subtype:  #turpentine_camphor_weed__camphorweed__vinegarweed__Trichostema_lanceolatum  aromatic plant of western United States
           subtype:  #bastard_pennyroyal__bastardpennyroyal__Trichostema_dichotomum  aromatic plant of the eastern United States
        subtype:  #eryngo__eringo  any plant of the genus Eryngium
     subtype:  #flowering_shrub__floweringshrub  shrub noted primarily for its flowers
        subtype:  #poinciana__bird_of_paradise__Caesalpinia_gilliesii__Poinciana_gilliesii  a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
        subtype:  #pride_of_barbados__paradise_flower__flamboyant_tree__Caesalpinia_pulcherrima__Poinciana_pulcherrima  tropical shrub or small tree having showy yellow to orange-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
        subtype:  #Scotch_laburnum__Alpine_golden_chain__Laburnum_alpinum  an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum
        subtype:  #common_laburnum__golden_chain__golden_rain__Laburnum_anagyroides  an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum; often cultivated for Easter decorations
        subtype:  #Asiatic_sweetleaf__sapphire_berry__Symplocus_paniculata  deciduous shrub of eastern Asia bearing decorative bright blue fruit
     subtype:  #buckthorn.shrub  a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus Rhamnus; fruits are source of yellow dyes or pigments
        subtype:  #cascara_buckthorn__cascarabuckthorn__bearberry__bearwood__chittamwood__chittimwood__Rhamnus_purshianus  shrubby tree of United States Pacific coast; yields cascara sagrada
        subtype:  #Carolina_buckthorn__indian_cherry__Rhamnus_carolinianus  deciduous shrub of eastern and central United States having black berrylike fruit; golden-yellow in autumn
        subtype:  #coffeeberry__California_buckthorn__California_coffee__Rhamnus_californicus  evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits
        subtype:  #alder_buckthorn__alderbuckthorn__alder_dogwood__alderdogwood__Rhamnus_frangula  small tree common in Europe
        subtype:  #redberry__Rhamnus_croceus  small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries
     subtype:  #jujube_bush__jujube__Christ's-thorn__Jerusalem_thorn__Ziziphus_jujuba  spiny tree having dark red edible fruits
     subtype:  #lotus_tree__lotustree__Ziziphus_lotus  shrubby deciduous tree of the Mediterranean region
     subtype:  #Christ's-thorn__Jerusalem_thorn__Paliurus_spina-christi  thorny Eurasian shrub with dry woody winged fruit
     subtype:  #stephanotis__stephanoti  any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers
        subtype:  #Madagascar_jasmine__waxflower__Stephanotis_floribunda  twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions
  subtype:  #bramble  any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines
     subtype:  #bramble_bush__bramblebush  any prickly shrub of the genus Rubus bearing edible aggregate fruits
        subtype:  #lawyerbush__lawyer_bush__bush_lawyer__Rubus_cissoides__Rubus_australis  stout-stemmed trailing shrub of New Zealand that scrambles over other growth
        subtype:  #stone_bramble__stonebramble__Rubus_saxatilis  European trailing bramble with red berrylike fruits
        subtype:  #blackberry_bush__blackberry  bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle
           subtype:  #true_blackberry__trueblackberry__Rubus_fruticosus  the true blackberry of Europe as well as any of numerous varieties having sweet edible black or dark purple berries
           subtype:  #sand_blackberry__Rubus_cuneifolius  stiff shrubby blackberry of the eastern United States (Connecticut to Florida)
           subtype:  #dewberry_bush__dewberry__running_blackberry__runningblackberry  any of several trailing blackberry brambles especially of North America
              subtype:  #American_dewberry__Rubus_canadensis  North American dewberry
              subtype:  #Northern_dewberry__American_dewberry__Rubus_flagellaris  of eastern North America
              subtype:  #Southern_dewberry__Rubus_trivialis  of southern North America
              subtype:  #swamp_dewberry__swampdewberry__swamp_blackberry__swampblackberry__Rubus_hispidus  of eastern North America
              subtype:  #European_dewberry__Rubus_caesius  creeping European bramble bearing dewberries
           subtype:  #western_blackberry__westernblackberry__western_dewberry__westerndewberry__rubusursinu  American blackberry with oblong black fruit
              subtype:  #boysenberry_bush__boysenberrybush__boysenberry  cultivated hybrid bramble of California having large dark wine-red fruit with a flavor resembling raspberries
              subtype:  #Rubus_loganobaccus__loganberry__Rubus_ursinus_loganobaccus  red-fruited bramble native from Oregon to Baja California
        subtype:  #raspberry_bush__raspberrybush__raspberry  woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries
           subtype:  #red_raspberry__redraspberry  any of several raspberries bearing red fruit
              subtype:  #wild_raspberry__European_raspberry__framboise__Rubus_idaeus  the common European raspberry; fruit red or orange
              subtype:  #American_raspberry__Rubus_strigosus__Rubus_idaeus_strigosus  red raspberry of North America
           subtype:  #black_raspberry__blackraspberry__blackcap__blackcap_raspberry__thimbleberry__Rubus_occidentalis  raspberry native to eastern North America having black thimble-shaped fruit
           subtype:  #Rubus_spectabilis__salmonberry  large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large salmon-colored berries
           subtype:  #salmonberry__salmon_berry__thimbleberry__Rubus_parviflorus  white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries
           subtype:  #cloudberry__dwarf_mulberry__dwarfmulberry__bakeapple__baked-apple_berry__bakedappleberry__salmonberry__Rubus_chamaemorus  creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries
           subtype:  #purple-flowering_raspberry__flowering_raspberry__floweringraspberry__Rubus_odoratus__thimbleberry  shrubby raspberry of eastern North America having showy rose to purplish flowers and red or orange thimble-shaped fruit
           subtype:  #wineberry__Rubus_phoenicolasius  raspberry of China and Japan having pale pink flowers grown for ornament and for the small red acid fruits

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