#ray  cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins
  supertype:  #elasmobranch__selachian  any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
  subtype:  #electric_ray__crampfish__numbfish__torpedo  any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
  subtype:  #sawfish  primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout
     subtype:  #smalltooth_sawfish__Pristis_pectinatus  commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
  subtype:  #guitarfish  primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body
  subtype:  #stingray  large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds
     subtype:  #roughtail_stingray__roughtailstingray__Dasyatis_centroura  one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
     subtype:  #butterfly_ray__butterflyray  short-tailed broad-finned stingray
  subtype:  #eagle_ray__eagleray  powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays
     subtype:  #spotted_eagle_ray__spottedeagleray__spotted_ray__spottedray__Aetobatus_narinari  ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
     subtype:  #cownose_ray__cownoseray__cow-nosed_ray__cownosedray__Rhinoptera_bonasus  large ray found along eastern coast of North America
  subtype:  #manta_ray__mantaray__manta__devilfish  extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
     subtype:  #Atlantic_manta__Manta_birostris  largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
     subtype:  #devil_ray__devilray__Mobula_hypostoma  small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
  subtype:  #skate  large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins
     subtype:  #gray_skate__Raja_batis  common European skate used as food
     subtype:  #little_skate__Raja_erinacea  most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
     subtype:  #thorny_skate__Raja_radiata  cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
     subtype:  #barndoor_skate__Raja_laevis  one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook

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