#material.substance__stuff the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
supertype: #substance__matter that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
subtype: #rind a hard outer covering or skin on food
subtype: #bacon_rind__baconrind the rind of bacon
subtype: #peel the rind of a fruit
subtype: #lemon_peel__lemonpeel__lemon_rind__lemonrind the rind of a lemon
subtype: #lemon_zest__lemonzest tiny bits of lemon peel
subtype: #orange_peel__orange_rind the rind of an orange
subtype: #orange_zest tiny bits of orange peel
subtype: #cheese_rind the rind of a cheese
subtype: #mote__atom__molecule__particle__speck (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
subtype: #grain a small hard particle; "a grain of sand"
subtype: #granule a tiny grain
subtype: #microsome a tiny granule in the cytoplasm
subtype: #chondrule small granule (of e.g. chrysolite) found in some meteoric rocks
subtype: #plastid any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
subtype: #chromoplast plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids
subtype: #chloroplast plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis
subtype: #chylomicron a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood
subtype: #floccule__floc a small loosely aggregated mass of flocculent material suspended in or precipitated from a liquid
subtype: #HAZMAT an abbreviation for `hazardous material' used on warning signs; "NO HAZMATS IN TUNNEL"
subtype: #raw_material__rawmaterial__staple material suitable for manufacture or use or finishing
subtype: #sorbate a material that has been or is capable of being taken up by another substance by either absorption or adsorption
subtype: #absorbate a material that has been or is capable of being absorbed
subtype: #adsorbate a material that has been or is capable of being adsorbed
subtype: #sorbent_material__sorbentmaterial__sorbent a material that sorbs another substance; i.e. that has the capacity or tendency to take it up by either absorption or adsorption
subtype: #absorbent_material__absorbentmaterial__absorbent a material having capacity or tendency to absorb another substance
subtype: #sponge a porous mass of interlacing fibers the forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used
subtype: #absorber (physics) material in a nuclear reactor that absorbs radiation
subtype: #absorbent_cotton__absorbentcotton__cotton_wool cotton made absorbent by removal of the natural wax
subtype: #adsorbent_material__adsorbentmaterial__adsorbent a material having capacity or tendency to adsorb another substance
subtype: #diamagnet a substance that exhibits diamagnetism
subtype: #mineral solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
subtype: #ader_wax__earth_wax__earthwax__mineral_wax__mineralwax__ozokerite__ozocerite a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles
subtype: #amblygonite a white or gray mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium
subtype: #amphibole a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group
subtype: #nephrite an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
subtype: #actinolite a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate
subtype: #anthophyllite a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate
subtype: #asbestos a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer
subtype: #chrysotile a gray or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos
subtype: #tremolite a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos
subtype: #hornblende a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron
subtype: #amphibole_group a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum
subtype: #apatite a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
subtype: #fluorapatite a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
subtype: #aragonite a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
subtype: #argentite a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
subtype: #argyrodite a rare steel-gray mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
subtype: #arsenopyrite__mispickel a silver-white or gray ore of arsenic
subtype: #mineral_pitch__mineralpitch__asphalt a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
subtype: #augite dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
subtype: #baddeleyite a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
subtype: #zirconium__Zr__atomic_number_40 a lustrous gray strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon
subtype: #bastnasite__bastnaesite a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
subtype: #bauxite a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
subtype: #beryl the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
subtype: #aquamarine a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color
subtype: #emerald.beryl a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
subtype: #morganite a kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone
subtype: #borax an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
subtype: #bornite__peacock_ore__peacockore a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
subtype: #carnallite a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
subtype: #cassiterite a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
subtype: #celestite a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
subtype: #cerussite__whiteleadore a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
subtype: #chalcocite__copper_glance a heavy gray mineral that is an ore of copper
subtype: #chalcopyrite__copper_pyrites a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper-iron sulfide
subtype: #chromite a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
subtype: #chrysoberyl a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
subtype: #alexandrite a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone
subtype: #cinnabar a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
subtype: #cobaltite a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
subtype: #halite__rock_salt naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
subtype: #cordierite a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
subtype: #water_sapphire__watersapphire a deep blue cordierite often used as a gemstone
subtype: #corundom__corundum very hard mineral used as an abrasive
subtype: #alumina__aluminumoxide__aluminiumoxide any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum
subtype: #alundum a substance made of fused alumina
subtype: #ruby.corundom a transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers
subtype: #sapphire.corundom a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone
subtype: #star_sapphire a sapphire that when cut shows a star-like figure in reflected light because of its crystalline structure
subtype: #cristobalite a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
subtype: #cryolite__Greenland_spar a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
subtype: #cuprite a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
subtype: #dolomite a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
subtype: #earth_color a colored mineral used as a pigment
subtype: #sienna an earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment
subtype: #burnt_sienna__burntsienna a reddish-brown pigment produced by roasting sienna
subtype: #raw_sienna__rawsienna a yellowish-brown pigment made from untreated sienna
subtype: #ochre__ocher any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment
subtype: #sinopis__sinopi__sinopia__sinoper a red ocher formerly used as a pigment
subtype: #yellow_ocher__yellow_ochre pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica
subtype: #umber an earth pigment
subtype: #raw_umber greenish brown pigment
subtype: #burnt_umber dark brown pigment obtained by heating umber
subtype: #emery a hard gary-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
subtype: #fergusonite a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
subtype: #fluorite__fluorspar__fluor a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
subtype: #gadolinite__ytterbite a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
subtype: #galena soft blue-gray mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
subtype: #garnet any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
subtype: #almandite__almandine a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
subtype: #andradite a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone
subtype: #demantoid a green andradite used as a gemstone
subtype: #carbuncle.garnet deep-red cabochon-cut garnet cut without facets
subtype: #cinnamon_stone__essonite__hessonite a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown
subtype: #pyrope a deep red garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: #rhodolite a red or pink variety of garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: #garnierite a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
subtype: #germanite a rare reddish-gray mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
subtype: #gibbsite white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
subtype: #glauconite a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
subtype: #greenockite__cadmium_sulphide__cadmiumsulphide ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
subtype: #gypsum a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
subtype: #alabaster a compact fine-textured usually white gypsum used for carving
subtype: #terra_alba__terraalba finely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment
subtype: #hausmannite a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
subtype: #heavy_spar__heavyspar__barite__barytes__baryte__barium_sulphate a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
subtype: #hemimorphite__calamine a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
subtype: #ilmenite a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
subtype: #jadeite a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
subtype: #kainite a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
subtype: #kaolinite a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
subtype: #kernite a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
subtype: #kieserite a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
subtype: #kyanite__cyanite a gray or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
subtype: #langbeinite a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
subtype: #lechartelierite a mineral form of vitreous or glassy silica; formed by the melting of quartz sand (as by lightning or a meteorite)
subtype: #magnesite a black magnetic mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
subtype: #malachite a green mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
subtype: #maltha__mineral_tar__mineraltar a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
subtype: #manganite a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
subtype: #sepiolite__meerschaum a white clayey mineral
subtype: #mica__isinglass__isinglas any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
subtype: #biotite dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
subtype: #lepidomelane a mica that is a biotite containing iron
subtype: #lepidolite a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
subtype: #muscovite a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
subtype: #damourite a variety of muscovite
subtype: #paragonite a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium
subtype: #phlogopite a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum
subtype: #zinnwaldite a mica containing iron and lithium
subtype: #millerite a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
subtype: #molybdenite a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
subtype: #monazite a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
subtype: #niobite a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
subtype: #nitrocalcite the mineral form of calcium nitrate
subtype: #olivine a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
subtype: #chrysolite a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone
subtype: #peridot a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone
subtype: #olivenite rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits
subtype: #opal a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
subtype: #black_opal__blackopal a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red
subtype: #fire_opal__girasol an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors
subtype: #harlequin_opal__harlequinopal a reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color
subtype: #ore a metal-bearing mineral valuable enough to be mined
subtype: #dressed_ore__concentrate the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore
subtype: #iron_ore an ore from which iron can be extracted
subtype: #goethite__gothite a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
subtype: #chamosite a greenish gray or black silicate of iron and aluminum
subtype: #taconite a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore
subtype: #hematite__haematite the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form
subtype: #lepidocrocite a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide (FeO(HO)); often found in iron ores together with goethite
subtype: #limonite a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite
subtype: #magnetite__magnetic_iron-ore an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets
subtype: #lodestone__loadstone magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically
subtype: #chalybite__siderite iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate
subtype: #lead_ore ore containing lead
subtype: #pay_dirt.ore__paydirt ore that yields a substantial profit to the miner
subtype: #uranium_ore__uraniumore any ore from which uranium can be extracted
subtype: #carnotite a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
subtype: #uraninite a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore
subtype: #orpiment a yellow mineral occuring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic
subtype: #pentlandite a mineral (iron-nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel
subtype: #periclase__magnesia__magnesium_oxide__magnesiumoxide a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium
subtype: #pinite grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates
subtype: #pollucite a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium
subtype: #cesium__caesium__Cs__atomic_number_55 a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal
subtype: #cesium_137 a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy
subtype: #psilomelane a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese
subtype: #iron_pyrite__pyrite__fool's_gold a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color
subtype: #pyrolusite a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese
subtype: #pyromorphite__green_lead_ore a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead
subtype: #pyrophyllite a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)
subtype: #pyroxene any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
subtype: #pyrrhotite__pyrrhotine__magnetic_pyrites a brownish iron sulfide mineral FeS having weak magnetic properties
subtype: #quartz a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities
subtype: #rock_crystal__transparent_quartz__transparentquartz a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment
subtype: #rhinestone an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste
subtype: #cairngorm__smoky_quartz__smokyquartz a smoky yellow or brown quartz
subtype: #amethyst a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone
subtype: #chalcedony__calcedony a milky or grayish translucent to transparent quartz
subtype: #agate an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles
subtype: #moss_agate an agate with brown, black, or green moss-like markings
subtype: #bloodstone__heliotrope green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood
subtype: #carnelian__cornelian a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony
subtype: #chrysoprase a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone
subtype: #onyx a chalcedony with alternating black and white bands; used in making cameos
subtype: #sardonyx an onyx characterized by parallel layers of sard and a different colored mineral
subtype: #plasma.chalcedony a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
subtype: #sard__sardine__sardiu a deep orange-red variety of chalcedony
subtype: #citrine semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz
subtype: #rose_quartz a translucent rose-red variety of quartz used for ornaments
subtype: #sunstone__aventurine a translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals
subtype: #goldstone aventurine spangled densely with fine gold-colored particles
subtype: #common_topaz__topaz__false_topaz__falsetopaz a yellow quartz
subtype: #realgar a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic
subtype: #red_clay__redclay clay whose redness results from iron oxide
subtype: #rhodochrosite a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese
subtype: #rhodonite a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone
subtype: #rutile a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium
subtype: #samarskite a complex black mineral occuring in pegmatites
subtype: #sapphirine a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum-magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks
subtype: #scheelite a mineral used as an ore of tungsten
subtype: #smaltite a gray mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel
subtype: #sodalite a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks
subtype: #spar.mineral any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable
subtype: #feldspar__felspar any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium
subtype: #orthoclase a white or colored monoclinic feldspar
subtype: #plagioclase any of a rock-forming series of triclinic feldspars
subtype: #albite__white_feldspar__whitefeldspar a widely distributed rock-forming feldspar
subtype: #anorthite rare plagioclastic feldspar occurring in many igneous rocks
subtype: #moonstone a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar
subtype: #calcite a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone
subtype: #oriental_alabaster__alabaster__onyx_marble__Mexican_onyx a hard compact kind of calcite
subtype: #chalk.calcite a soft whitish calcite
subtype: #Iceland_spar a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes
subtype: #spinel a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones
subtype: #spinel_ruby__ruby_spinel a spinel used as a gemstone (usually dark red)
subtype: #almandine a purple variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: #balas_ruby__balasruby__balas__bala a pale rose-colored variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: #rubicelle a yellow or orange variety of ruby spinel
subtype: #Ceylonite__pleonaste a dark-colored spinel containing iron
subtype: #spodumene a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
subtype: #kunzite a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone
subtype: #hiddenite a green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone
subtype: #stannite__tin_pyrites a dark gray mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin
subtype: #stibnite a soft gray mineral; the chief ore of antimony
subtype: #strontianite a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate
subtype: #sylvanite__graphic_tellurium__graphictellurium a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America
subtype: #sylvite a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds
subtype: #talc__talcum a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder
subtype: #soapstone__soaprock__steatite a soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments
subtype: #French_chalk a soft white compact talc used to mark cloth or to remove grease stains
subtype: #rensselaerite a kind of soft talc; sometimes used as wood filler
subtype: #tantalite a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum
subtype: #thorite a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite
subtype: #thortveitite a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium
subtype: #topaz a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
subtype: #tourmaline a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
subtype: #tridymite a mineral form of silica
subtype: #turquoise a blue to gray green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone
subtype: #vanadinite a mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium
subtype: #vesuvianite__vesuvian__idocrase a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone
subtype: #wolframite__iron_manganese_tungsten a mineral consisting of iron-manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks
subtype: #wollastonite a white or grayish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium
subtype: #wulfenite a yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore
subtype: #xenotime a brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form
subtype: #zinc_blende__blende__sphalerite an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form
subtype: #zinkenite a steel gray metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony)
subtype: #zircon__zirconium_silicate__zirconiumsilicate a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent
subtype: #jacinth__hyacinth a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
subtype: #jargoon a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon
subtype: #rock__stone material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust
subtype: #quartzite hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals
subtype: #road_metal broken rock used for repairing or making roads
subtype: #sedimentary_rock__sedimentaryrock rock formed from consolidated clay sediments
subtype: #argillite a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages
subtype: #arenaceous_rock a sedimentary rock composed of sand
subtype: #sandstone a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)
subtype: #firestone a sandstone that withstands intense heat; used to line fireplaces and furnaces and kilns
subtype: #holystone a soft sandstone used for scrubbing the decks of a ship
subtype: #gritrock__grit__gritstone a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone
subtype: #brownstone.sandstone a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings
subtype: #bluestone bluish-gray sandstone used for paving and building
subtype: #greensand an olive-green sandstone containing glauconite
subtype: #siltstone a fine-grained sandstone of consolidated silt
subtype: #argillaceous_rock a sedimentary rock formed from clay deposits
subtype: #rudaceous_rock__rudaceousrock a sedimentary rock formed of coarse-grained material
subtype: #breccia a rudaceous rock consisting of sharp fragments embedded in clay or sand
subtype: #slate.sedimentary_rock a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers
subtype: #limestone a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
subtype: #shale a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay
subtype: #oil_shale__oilshale shale from which oil can be obtained by heating
subtype: #sial the granite-like rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum
subtype: #sima rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium
subtype: #metamorphic_rock__metamorphicrock rock altered by pressure and heat
subtype: #amphibolite a metamorphic rock composed chiefly of amphibole and plagioclase
subtype: #marlite__marlstone metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl
subtype: #hornfels__hornstone a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks
subtype: #gneiss a laminated metamorphic rock similar to granite
subtype: #schist any metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers
subtype: #gravel__crushed_rock__crushedrock rock fragments and pebbles
subtype: #bank_gravel__pit-run_gravel__pitrungravel__pit_run__pitrun gravel as found in natural deposits
subtype: #shingle.gravel coarse beach gravel of small water-worn stones and pebbles (or a stretch of shore covered with such gravel)
subtype: #caliche nitrate-bearing rock or gravel of the sodium nitrate deposits of Chile and Peru
subtype: #shingling.rock (geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction
subtype: #pumice_stone__pumice a light glass formed on the surface of some lavas; used as an abrasive
subtype: #aphanite fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye
subtype: #claystone fine-grained rock consisting of compacted clay particles
subtype: #dolomite.rock a kind of sedimentary rock resembling limestone but consisting almost entirely of the mineral dolomite
subtype: #emery_stone__emerystone__emery_rock__emeryrock a mixture of emery dust and a binder; can be molded into grindstones
subtype: #pudding_stone__conglomerate a composite rock made up of particles of varying size
subtype: #fieldstone stone that occurs naturally in fields; often used as building material
subtype: #greisen a granitic rock composed of quartz and mica
subtype: #calc-tufa__tufa a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime
subtype: #magma molten rock in the earth's crust
subtype: #igneous_rock__igneousrock rock formed by the solidification of molten magma
subtype: #andesite a dark gray volcanic rock
subtype: #aplite light-colored and fine-grained granitic rock consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspars
subtype: #groundmass the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded
subtype: #andosite dark grayish extrusive rock
subtype: #batholith__batholite__pluton__plutonic_rock large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth
subtype: #granite.batholith plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture
subtype: #diorite a granular crystalline intrusive rock
subtype: #gabbro one of a family of granular intrusive rocks
subtype: #pegmatite a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements
subtype: #peridotite a dark coarse-grained igneous rock consisting principally of olivine
subtype: #kimberlite a rare type of peridotite that sometimes contains diamonds; found in South Africa and Siberia
subtype: #rhyolite very acid volcanic rock
subtype: #volcanic_rock extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth
subtype: #basalt the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark gray fine-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
subtype: #volcanic_glass a kind of natural glass produced when molten lava cools very rapidly
subtype: #obsidian acid or granitic glass; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces
subtype: #pitchstone dark acid granitic glass
subtype: #tachylite a basic or basalt glass
subtype: #lava rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface
subtype: #pillow_lava lava that hardened in rounded shapes suggestive of pillows; believed to result from underwater eruptions
subtype: #tuff__tufa hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash
subtype: #porphyry__porphyritic_rock__porphyriticrock any igneous rock with crystals embedded in a finer groundmass of minerals
subtype: #limestone a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
subtype: #marble a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material
subtype: #verd_antique__verde_antique a dark green impure marble
subtype: #adhesive_material__adhesive a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
subtype: #birdlime__lime a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds
subtype: #spirit_gum an adhesive solution made of gum and ether and used to attach false hair to skin
subtype: #binder something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface
subtype: #cement something that hardens to act as adhesive material
subtype: #glue__gum cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive
subtype: #animal_glue a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses
subtype: #casein_glue made from casein; used for e.g. plywood and cabinetwork
subtype: #fish_glue gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish
subtype: #marine_glue glue that is not water soluble
subtype: #putty a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass
subtype: #iron_putty a cement resembling putty; made by mixing ferric oxide and boiled linseed oil; is acid resistant
subtype: #red-lead_putty a cement resembling putty; made by mixing white and red lead in boiled linseed oil; used as luting on pipe fittings
subtype: #mastic a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler
subtype: #library_paste__librarypaste__paste an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard
subtype: #wafer a small adhesive disk of paste; used to seal letters
subtype: #rubber_cement an adhesive made by dissolving unvulcanized rubber in a solvent like benzene or naphtha
subtype: #sealing_material__sealingmaterial any substance used to seal joints or fill cracks in a porous surface
subtype: #sealant__sealer a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)
subtype: #filler used for filling cracks or holes in a surface
subtype: #putty a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass
subtype: #mastic a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler
subtype: #sizing__size any glutinous material used to fill pores in surfaces or to stiffen fabrics; "size gives body to a fabric"
subtype: #stiffener material used for stiffening something
subtype: #luting__lute a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid
subtype: #animal_material material derived from animals
subtype: #feather__plume__plumage the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds
subtype: #down_feather__down soft fine feathers
subtype: #duck_down down of the duck
subtype: #eiderdown down of the eider duck
subtype: #goose_down__goosedown down of the goose
subtype: #swan's_down down of the swan
subtype: #plumule down feather of young birds; persists in some adult birds
subtype: #aftershaft a supplementary feather (usually small) on the underside of the base of the shaft of some feathers in some birds
subtype: #contour_feather__contourfeather feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape
subtype: #bastard_wing__bastardwing__alula__spurious_wing tuft of small stiff feathers on the first digit of a bird's wing
subtype: #marabou downy feathers of marabou storks used for trimming garments
subtype: #hackle long slender feather on the necks of e.g. turkeys and pheasants
subtype: #saddle_hackle__saddle_feather a long narrow feather on the back (saddle) of a domestic fowl
subtype: #flight_feather__pinion__quill__quill_feather__quillfeather any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird
subtype: #primary_feather__primaryfeather__primary__primaryquill one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing
subtype: #tail_feather feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird
subtype: #sickle_feather one of the long curved tail feathers of a rooster
subtype: #scapular a feather covering the shoulder of a bird
subtype: #animal_product a product made from animal material
subtype: #ambergris__ambergri waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale and found floating at sea or washed ashore; used in perfume
subtype: #lac resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax
subtype: #garnet_lac lac refined by treating with solvent; garnet-colored
subtype: #gum-lac an inferior lac produced by lac insects in Madagascar
subtype: #shellac lac purified by heating and filtering; usually in thin orange or yellow flakes but sometimes bleached white
subtype: #stick_lac__sticklac lac in its natural state as scraped off twigs and dried
subtype: #seed_lac granular material obtained from stick lac by crushing and washing
subtype: #Sonora_lac resembling lac; secreted by a scale living on twigs of certain Mexican shrubs; used locally as medicine
subtype: #animal_glue a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses
subtype: #fish_glue gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish
subtype: #animal_skin the outer covering of an animal
subtype: #parchment.animal_skin__sheepskin__lambskin skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on
subtype: #vellum.parchment fine parchment prepared from the skin of a young animal e.g. a calf or lamb
subtype: #hide__fell the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)
subtype: #cowhide.hide the hide of a cow
subtype: #goatskin the hide of a goat
subtype: #rawhide untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes
subtype: #leather an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning
subtype: #piece_of_leather a piece of leather
subtype: #counter.piece_of_leather piece of leather forming the back of a shoe or boot
subtype: #heel_counter__counter__heel the piece of leather that fits the heel
subtype: #quarter.piece_of_leather piece of leather that comprises the part of a shoe or boot covering the heel and joining the vamp
subtype: #saddle.piece_of_leather a piece of leather across the instep of a shoe
subtype: #upper piece of leather that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole
subtype: #vamp piece of leather forming the front part of the upper of a shoe
subtype: #alligator_skin__alligatorskin leather made from alligator's hide
subtype: #buckskin a soft yellowish suede leather originally from deerskin but now usually from sheepskin
subtype: #buff_leather__buff a soft thick undyed leather from the skins of e.g. buffalo or oxen
subtype: #ooze_leather a very soft leather made from the skins of calves and having a suede finish on the flesh side
subtype: #Russia_leather a smooth leather tanned with willow, birch, or oak, and scented on the flesh side with birch oil
subtype: #calfskin__calf fine leather from the skin of a calf
subtype: #box_calf__boxcalf black calfskin leather tanned with chromium salts
subtype: #white_leather__whiteleather__whit_leather a leather that has been treated with alum and/or salt
subtype: #chamois_leather__chamoisleather__chammy__chammy_leather__shammy__shammy_leather a soft suede leather formerly from the sheep of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin
subtype: #wash_leather piece of chamois used for cleaning and polishing
subtype: #cordovan a fine leather originally made in Cordoba Spain
subtype: #cowskin__cowhide leather made from the hide of a cow
subtype: #crushed_leather__crushedleather__crush leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated
subtype: #deerskin leather from the hide of a deer
subtype: #doeskin soft leather from deerskin or lambskin
subtype: #glove_leather__gloveleather leather suitable for making gloves
subtype: #horsehide leather from the hide of a horse
subtype: #kidskin__kid soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat; "kid gloves"
subtype: #mocha.leather soft suede glove leather from goatskin
subtype: #morocco a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.
subtype: #Levant_morocco__Levant a heavy morocco often used in bookbinding
subtype: #patent_leather leather with a hard glossy surface
subtype: #pigskin leather from the skin of swine
subtype: #sheepskin__fleece tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing
subtype: #Golden_Fleece in Greek mythology, a fleece of gold owned by the king of Colchis and guarded in a sacred grove by a dragon; recovered by Jason and the Argonauts
subtype: #shoe_leather leather used to make shoes
subtype: #suede leather with a napped surface
subtype: #roan.leather a soft sheepskin leather that is colored and finished to resemble morocco; used in bookbinding
subtype: #fur the dressed hairy coat of a mammal
subtype: #astrakhan the fur of young lambs
subtype: #bearskin the pelt of a bear (sometimes used as a rug)
subtype: #beaver_fur the soft brown fur of the beaver
subtype: #chinchilla_fur the expensive silvery gray fur of the chinchilla
subtype: #ermine_fur the expensive white fur of the ermine
subtype: #fox_fur__foxfur the gray or reddish-brown fur of a fox
subtype: #lambskin the skin of a lamb with the wool still on
subtype: #broadtail the fur of a very young karakul lamb
subtype: #Persian_lamb_fur the fur of a karakul lamb
subtype: #rabbit_fur__lapin_fur__lapinfur the fur of a rabbit
subtype: #leopard_pelt__leopardpelt the pelt of a leopard
subtype: #mink_fur the expensive fur of a mink
subtype: #muskrat_fur the brown fur of a muskrat
subtype: #hudson_sealskin muskrat fur dressed to simulate sealskin
subtype: #otter_fur__otterfur the fur of an otter
subtype: #raccoon_fur the fur of the North American racoon
subtype: #sable.fur the expensive dark brown fur of the marten
subtype: #sealskin__seal the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal; "a coat of seal"
subtype: #squirrel_fur the fur of a squirrel
subtype: #animal_fiber__animal_fibre fiber derived from animals
subtype: #horsehair.animal_fiber taken from the mane or tail of a horse
subtype: #silk.animal_fiber fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting
subtype: #wool fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving
subtype: #Shetland_wool a wool obtained from sheep of the Shetland islands
subtype: #raw_wool__rawwool wool in its natural condition; not refined or processed
subtype: #alpaca.wool wool of the alpaca
subtype: #cashmere.wool the wool of the Kashmir goat
subtype: #fleece.wool the wool of a sheep or similar animal
subtype: #shoddy reclaimed wool fiber
subtype: #vicuna.wool the wool of the vicuna
subtype: #virgin_wool wool not used before; wool not processed or woven before
subtype: #beeswax a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs
subtype: #Ghedda_wax wax from Indian and African bees
subtype: #animal_oil any oil obtained from animal substances
subtype: #drying_oil an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
subtype: #blubber an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil
subtype: #Dippel's_oil__bone_oil dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol
subtype: #bone_oil the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture
subtype: #cod-liver_oil__codliveroil__cod_liver_oil__codliveroil an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D
subtype: #cod_oil__codoil an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing
subtype: #wool_fat__lanolin__wool_grease a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics
subtype: #fish_oil oil obtained from fish
subtype: #tuna_oil an oil obtained from tuna
subtype: #glyceride__acylglycerol an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
subtype: #triglyceride glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
subtype: #goose_grease__goosegrease grease derived from geese
subtype: #halibut-liver_oil__halibutliveroil a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A
subtype: #lard_oil oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant
subtype: #menhaden_oil a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather
subtype: #neat's-foot_oil a pale yellow oil made from the feet and legs of cattle; used as a dressing for leather
subtype: #oleo_oil obtained from beef fat; used in making margarine and soap and in lubrication
subtype: #porpoise_oil a yellow fatty oil obtained from porpoises and used as a fine lubricant
subtype: #dolphin_oil__dolphinoil an unsaturated fatty oil obtained from dolphins and used as a fine lubricant
subtype: #salmon_oil a fatty oil obtained from the wastes in canning salmon; used in making soap and dressing leather
subtype: #sardine_oil__sardineoil oil obtained from sardines and used chiefly as a lubricant and in soap
subtype: #seal_oil a pale yellow to red-brown fatty oil obtained from seal blubber; used in making soap and dressing leather and as a lubricant
subtype: #shark_oil__shark-liver_oil a fatty yellow to brown oil obtained from the livers of sharks; used for dressing leather and as a source of vitamin A
subtype: #sperm_oil an animal oil found in the blubber of the sperm whale
subtype: #tallow obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants
subtype: #beef_tallow tallow obtained from a bovine animal
subtype: #dubbin tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof
subtype: #mutton_tallow tallow from the body of a mature sheep
subtype: #tallow_oil an animal oil obtained by pressing tallow; used as a lubricant
subtype: #whale_oil__train_oil a white to brown oil obtained from whale blubber; formerly used as an illuminant
subtype: #wool_oil any oil used to oil wool before spinning
subtype: #dentin__dentine a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth
subtype: #ivory__tusk a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses
subtype: #osseous_tissue__osseoustissue__bone the porous calcified substance from which bones are made
subtype: #horn.animal_material the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails
subtype: #whalebone__baleen a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets
subtype: #tortoiseshell the mottled horny substance of the shell of some turtles
subtype: #shell the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals
subtype: #mother-of-pearl__nacre the iridescent internal layer of a mollusk shell
subtype: #animal_fat any fat obtained from animals; "animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids"
subtype: #bone_fat fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps an in lubricating greases
subtype: #butterfat the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
subtype: #fluff.material any light downy material
subtype: #bimetal material made by bonding together sheets of two different metals
subtype: #abrasive_material__abrasive__abradant a substance that abrades or wears down
subtype: #carborundum (trade mark) an abrasive composed of silicon carbide crystals
subtype: #steel_wool__steelwool__wire_wool a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive
subtype: #emery_cloth__emerycloth cloth covered with powdered emery
subtype: #emery_paper__emerypaper__sandpaper stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand
subtype: #chemical produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules
subtype: #explosive a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck
subtype: #blasting_gelatin mixture of guncotton with nitroglycerin
subtype: #explosive_charge__explosivecharge__charge__burster__bursting_charge a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time; "this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains"
subtype: #shot.explosive_charge an explosive charge used in blasting
subtype: #undercharge an insufficient charge
subtype: #rocket_fuel__rocket_propellant__rocket_propellent an explosive charge that propels a rocket
subtype: #cordite explosive powder (nitroglycerin and guncotton and petrolatum) dissolved in acetone and dried and extruded in brown cords
subtype: #dynamite an explosive containing nitrate sensitized with nitroglycerin absorbed on wood pulp
subtype: #gelignite__gelly a type of dynamite in which the nitroglycerin is absorbed in a base of wood pulp and sodium or potassium nitrate
subtype: #plastic_explosive__plasticexplosive__plastique an explosive material that is easily molded around the object it is intended to destroy
subtype: #TNT__trinitrotoluene explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene
subtype: #warhead__payload__load the part of a missile or torpedo that carries the explosive charge
subtype: #atomic_warhead__nuclear_warhead__nuclearwarhead__thermonuclear_warhead__thermonuclearwarhead__nuke the warhead of a missile designed to deliver an atom bomb
subtype: #hydrazoic_acid__hydrazoicacid__azoimide__hydrogen_azide__HN a colorless explosive liquid that is volatile and poisonous and foul-smelling
subtype: #high_explosive a powerful chemical explosive that produces gas at a high rate
subtype: #gunpowder__powder a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks
subtype: #smokeless_powder__smokelesspowder an explosive that burns with relatively little smoke; contains pyrocellulose and is used as a propellant
subtype: #reactant a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
subtype: #Alar__daminozide a growth-regulating chemical sprayed on fruit trees; entire crop can be harvested at one time
subtype: #carrier.chemical an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
subtype: #bactericide any chemical agent that destroys bacteria
subtype: #carbon_tetrahalide compounds composed of 1 carbon and 4 halogen molecules
subtype: #fertilizer__plant_food__plantfood any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile
subtype: #organic_fertilizer__organicfertilizer__organic a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter
subtype: #bonemeal fertilizer made of ground bones
subtype: #neem_cake residue after oil is pressed from neem seeds
subtype: #manure any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material
subtype: #chicken_manure__chickenmanure chicken excreta used as fertilizer
subtype: #cow_manure__cowmanure cow excreta used as fertilizer
subtype: #green_manure__greenmanure a growing crop that is plowed under to enrich soil
subtype: #horse_manure__horsemanure horse excreta used as fertilizer
subtype: #night_soil__nightsoil human excreta used as fertilizer
subtype: #fish_meal ground dried fish used as fertilizer and as feed for domestic livestock
subtype: #guano the excrement of sea birds; used as fertilizer
subtype: #flux.chemical a substance added to molten metals to bond with impurities that can then be readily removed
subtype: #soldering_flux__solderingflux flux applied to surfaces that are to be joined by soldering; flux cleans the surfaces and results in a better bond
subtype: #fumigant a chemical substance used in fumigation
subtype: #herbicide__weedkiller__weed_killer a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth
subtype: #Agent_Orange a herbicide used in the Vietnam War to defoliate forest areas
subtype: #paraquat a poisonous yellow solid used in solution as a herbicide
subtype: #silvex a herbicide that is effective in controlling woody plants but is toxic to animals
subtype: #simazine a herbicide used to control weeds (especially among crops)
subtype: #intermediate a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained
subtype: #fraction.chemical a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
subtype: #larvicide a chemical used to kill larval pests
subtype: #pesticide a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)
subtype: #acaricide__acaracide a chemical agent used to kill mites
subtype: #insecticide__insect_powder a chemical used to kill insects
subtype: #pyrethrum made of dried flower heads of pyrethrum plants
subtype: #dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane__ddt an insecticide that is also toxic to animals and humans; banned in the United States since 1972
subtype: #larvacide an insecticide that kills the larvae of insects
subtype: #lead_arsenate a poisonous white solid (Pb3[AsO4]2) used as an insecticide
subtype: #lindane an agricultural insecticide
subtype: #Kwell (trademark) a preparation of lindane that is used to kill lice and itch mites; available in cream or shampoo
subtype: #Malathion (trade mark) a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites
subtype: #organophosphate an insecticide that interferes with an insect's nervous system
subtype: #chlorpyrifos a common organophosphate insecticide
subtype: #parathion a colorless and odorless toxic oil used as an insecticide
subtype: #Paris_green a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
subtype: #rotenone a white crystalline insecticide that has low toxicity for mammals; is used in home gardens; extracted from the roots of derris and cube
subtype: #pediculicide a chemical agent that kills lice
subtype: #phosphine a colorless gas with a strong fishy smell; used as a pesticide
subtype: #scabicide a drug that destroys the itch mite that causes scabies
subtype: #sheep_dip__sheepdip a liquid mixture containing pesticides in which sheep are dipped to kill parasites
subtype: #spray a pesticide in suspension or solution; intended for spraying
subtype: #product.chemical a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; "a product of lime and nitric acid"
subtype: #hydrolysate a product of hydrolysis
subtype: #filtrate the product of filtration; a gas or liquid that has been passed through a filter
subtype: #percolate the product of percolation
subtype: #restrainer a chemical that is added to a photographic developer in order to retard development and reduce the amount of fog on a film
subtype: #potassium_bromide__potassiumbromide a white crystalline salt (KBr) used as a sedative and in photography
subtype: #stabilizer.chemical a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state
subtype: #softener a substance added to another to make it less hard
subtype: #conditioner.softener a substance used in washing (clothing or hair) to make things softer
subtype: #plasticizer a substance added to plastics or other materials to make them more pliable
subtype: #water_softener__watersoftener a substance that lessens the hardness of water giving it more efficient sudsing
subtype: #composite_material__compositematerial strong lightweight material developed in the laboratory; fibers of more than one kind are bonded together chemically
subtype: #conductor.material a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat
subtype: #Cu__copper__atomic_number_29 a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor
subtype: #blister_copper__blistercopper an impure form of copper having a black blistered surface
subtype: #Ag__silver__atomic_number_47 a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography
subtype: #coin_silver a silver of the degree of purity established for making legal silver coins
subtype: #semiconductor a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; it increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities
subtype: #germanium__Ge__atomic_number_32 a brittle gray crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite
subtype: #insulator__dielectric__nonconductor a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity
subtype: #bushing an insulating liner in an opening through which conductors pass
subtype: #mineral_wool__mineralwool__rock_wool a light fibrous material used as an insulator
subtype: #glass_wool__glasswool glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool
subtype: #contaminant__contamination a substance that contaminates
subtype: #dust.material free microscopic particles of solid material; "astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust"
subtype: #interplanetary_dust microscopic particles in the interplanetary medium
subtype: #elastomer any of various elastic materials that resemble rubber (resumes its original shape when a deforming force is removed)
subtype: #earth.material the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface; "they dug into the earth outside the church"
subtype: #moraine accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier
subtype: #diatomaceous_earth__diatomite__kieselguhr a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material
subtype: #saprolite a deposit of clay and disintegrating rock that is found in its original place
subtype: #dirt__soil the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
subtype: #marl a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime
subtype: #regosol a type of soil consisting of unconsolidated material from freshly deposited alluvium or sand
subtype: #residual_soil__residual_clay the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved
subtype: #topsoil__surface_soil__surfacesoil the layer of soil on the surface
subtype: #subsoil__undersoil the layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock
subtype: #alluvial_soil a fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds
subtype: #bog_soil__bogsoil poorly drained soils on top of peat and under marsh or swamp vegetation
subtype: #clay soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired
subtype: #adobe the clay from which adobe bricks are made
subtype: #china_clay__chinaclay__china_stone__chinastone__kaolin__kaoline__porcelain_clay__porcelainclay__terra_alba__terraalba a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)
subtype: #red_clay__redclay clay whose redness results from iron oxide
subtype: #pipeclay__terra_alba__terraalba fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather
subtype: #bentonite an absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash
subtype: #fireclay a heat-resistant clay
subtype: #Kitty_Litter (trademark) granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog
subtype: #potter's_clay__potter's_earth clay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling
subtype: #slip.potter's_clay potter's clay that is thinned and used for coating or decorating ceramics
subtype: #daub.clay material used to daub walls
subtype: #clunch (British) hardened clay
subtype: #desert_soil__desertic_soil a type of soil that develops in arid climates
subtype: #dust fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; "the furniture was covered with dust"
subtype: #chalk_dust__chalkdust dust resulting from writing with a piece of chalk; "the teacher's hands were covered with chalk dust"
subtype: #fallout__radioactive_dust__radioactivedust the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion
subtype: #hardpan__caliche crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions
subtype: #fuller's_earth an absorbent soil resembling clay; used in fulling (shrinking and thickening) woolen cloth and as an adsorbent
subtype: #gilgai_soil (Australian) soil in the melon holes of Australia
subtype: #gumbo_soil__gumbosoil__gumbo any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water
subtype: #humus__humu partially decomposed organic matter; the organic component of soil
subtype: #indurated_clay__induratedclay hardened clay
subtype: #Indian_red.dirt__indianred a red soil containing ferric oxide; often used as a pigment
subtype: #laterite a red soil produced by rock decay; contains insoluble deposits of ferric and aluminum oxides
subtype: #loam a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials
subtype: #regur_soil__regursoil__regur a rich black loam of India
subtype: #chernozemic_soil__chernozemicsoil a rich black loam of Russia
subtype: #loess__loes a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind
subtype: #mould__mold loose soil rich in organic matter
subtype: #leaf_mold__leaf_mould__leaf_soil soil composed mainly of decaying leaves
subtype: #mud.dirt__clay water soaked soil; soft wet earth
subtype: #bleaching_clay__bleachingclay__bleachingearth an adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils
subtype: #mud_pie__mudpie a mass of mud that a child has molded into the shape of pie
subtype: #bole a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)
subtype: #podzol_soil__podzol__podsol__podsol_soil__podsolic_soil a soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation; an organic mat over a gray leached layer
subtype: #prairie_soil__prairiesoil a type of soil occurring under grasses in temperate climates
subtype: #sand a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral
subtype: #sedimentary_clay__sedimentaryclay clay soil formed by sedimentary deposits
subtype: #silt mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake
subtype: #till__boulder_clay__boulderclay unstratified soil deposited by a glacier; consists of sand and clay and gravel and boulders mixed together
subtype: #tundra_soil a black mucky soil with a frozen subsoil that is characteristic of arctic and subarctic regions
subtype: #wiesenboden a dark meadow soil rich in organic material; developed through poor drainage in humid grassy or sedge regions
subtype: #discharge.material__emission a substance that is emitted or released
subtype: #exudate a substance that oozes from animal or plant pores
subtype: #gum any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying
subtype: #sweet_gum__sweetgum__liquidambar aromatic exudate from the sweet gum tree
subtype: #eucalyptus_gum__eucalyptus_kino__eucalyptuskino__red_gum__redgum reddish-brown dried gummy exudation from any of several trees of the genus Eucalyptus especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis
subtype: #gutta_balata__guttabalata__balata when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls
subtype: #gum_ammoniac__gumammoniac__ammoniac the aromatic gum of the ammoniac plant
subtype: #carrageenin a colloidal extract from carrageen seaweed and other red algae
subtype: #conima a gum resin from the conium hemlock tree
subtype: #dragon's_blood a dark red resinous substance derived from various trees and used in photoengraving
subtype: #euphorbium__gum_eurphorbium__gumeurphorbium an acrid brown gum resin now used mainly in veterinary medicine
subtype: #frankincense__olibanum__gum_olibanum__gumolibanum__thu an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation
subtype: #galbanum__gum_albanum__gumalbanum a bitter aromatic gum resin that resembles asafetida
subtype: #ghatti_gum__ghatti an Indian gum from the dhawa tree; used as a substitute for gum arabic
subtype: #agar-agar__agar a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods
subtype: #algin__alginic_acid__alginicacid a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier
subtype: #cherry-tree_gum exudation from trees of the prunus genus; resembles gum arabic
subtype: #chicle_gum__chicle gum-like substance from the sapodilla
subtype: #chewing_gum__chewinggum a gum prepared for chewing; sweetened and flavored
subtype: #guar_gum from seeds of the guar plant; used to thicken foods and as sizing for paper and cloth
subtype: #gum_arabic__gumarabic__gum_acacia__gumacacia gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals)
subtype: #Senegal_gum from the vicinity of the Senegal river
subtype: #gum_butea__butea_gum__buteagum__butea_kino__buteakino__Bengal_kino dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent
subtype: #gum_kino__gumkino__kino_gum obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning
subtype: #mesquite_gum obtained from mesquite pods; resembles gum arabic
subtype: #mucilage a gelatinous substance secreted by plants
subtype: #sterculia_gum__sterculiagum__karaya_gum exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics
subtype: #gutta-percha__guttapercha a whitish rubber derived from the coagulated milky latex of the gutta-percha tree
subtype: #lacquer.gum a black resinous substance obtained from certain trees and used as a natural varnish
subtype: #opopanax an odorous gum resin formerly used in medicines
subtype: #gum_sangapenum__gumsangapenum__sangapenum a variety of gum
subtype: #tragacanth a gum used in pharmacy, adhesives, and textile printing
subtype: #latex a milky exudate from certain plants that coagulates on exposure to air
subtype: #India_rubber__rubber__gum_elastic__caoutchouc latex from trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus)
subtype: #foam_rubber spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization
subtype: #crepe_rubber__creperubber crude natural rubber; used mainly for shoe soles
subtype: #synthetic_rubber__syntheticrubber any of various synthetic materials that resemble rubber
subtype: #silicone_rubber made from silicone elastomers; retains flexibility resilience and tensile strength over a wide temperature range
subtype: #neoprene resistant to oils and aging; used in waterproof products
subtype: #Buna made by polymerizing butadiene
subtype: #Butyl made by polymerizing isobutylene
subtype: #cold_rubber a rubber made at low temperatures (5 degrees Centigrade) which is tougher than conventional rubber and is often used in car tires
subtype: #hard_rubber__vulcanite__ebonite a hard nonresilient rubber formed by vulcanizing natural rubber
subtype: #Para_rubber a type of South American rubber
subtype: #effluvium an foul-smelling outflow or vapor (especially a gaseous waste)
subtype: #vaginal_discharge__vaginaldischarge discharge of secretions from the cervical glands of the vagina; normally clear or white
subtype: #detritus loose material (stone fragments and silt etc) that is worn away from rocks
subtype: #waste_material__wastematerial__waste__waste_matter__wastematter__waste_product__wasteproduct any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; "they collect the waste once a week"; "much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers"
subtype: #impurity__dross__dros worthless material that should be removed; "there were impurities in the water"
subtype: #exhaust_fumes__exhaustfume__fumes gases ejected from an engine as waste products
subtype: #body_waste__excretion__excrement__excretory_product__excretoryproduct waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body
subtype: #fecal_matter__fecalmatter__faecal_matter__feces__fece__faeces__BM__stool__ordure__dejection solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels
subtype: #dog_shit__dogshit__dog_do__dogdo__doggy_do__doggydo__dog_turd__dogturd fecal droppings from a dog
subtype: #crap__dirt__shit__shite__turd obscene terms for feces
subtype: #droppings__dropping__dung__muck fecal matter of animals
subtype: #buffalo_chip__buffalochip__chip__cow_chip__cowchip__cow_dung__cowdung a piece of dried bovine dung
subtype: #pigeon_droppings droppings of pigeons
subtype: #cow_pie fecal matter of a cow
subtype: #meconium thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child
subtype: #melena__melaena abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding)
subtype: #fecula excreta (especially of insects)
subtype: #wormcast.body_waste cylindrical mass of earth voided by a burrowing earthworm or lugworm
subtype: #human_waste the body wastes of human beings
subtype: #urine__piss__pee__piddle__weewee liquid excretory product; "there was blood in his urine"; "the child had to make water"
subtype: #vomit__vomitus__puke the matter ejected in vomiting
subtype: #guano the excrement of sea birds; used as fertilizer
subtype: #sewage__sewerage waste matter carried away in sewers or drains
subtype: #effluent__wastewater__sewer_water water mixed with waste matter
subtype: #garbage__food_waste__scraps food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)
subtype: #pollutant waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil
subtype: #dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane__ddt an insecticide that is also toxic to animals and humans; banned in the United States since 1972
subtype: #chlorofluorocarbon__CFC a fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans; "CFCs cause depletion of atmospheric ozone"
subtype: #halon a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer
subtype: #nitrogen_oxide any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts
subtype: #sulfur_dioxide__sulphur_dioxide__sulphurdioxide a toxic gas (SO2) that occurs in the gases from volcanoes; used in many manufacturing processes and present in industrial emissions
subtype: #rubbish__trash worthless material that is discarded
subtype: #debris__dust__junk__rubble__detritus the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up
subtype: #litter.rubbish rubbish carelessly dropped or left about (especially in public places)
subtype: #toxic_waste__toxicwaste__toxic_industrial_waste poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means)
subtype: #fiber__fibre a slender and greatly elongated solid substance
subtype: #byssus__beard tuft of strong filaments by which e.g. a mussel makes itself fast to a fixed surface
subtype: #bristle a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic
subtype: #optical_fiber__opticalfiber__glass_fiber__glassfiber__optical_fibre__opticalfibre__glass_fibre__glassfibre a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images
subtype: #nerve_fiber__nervefiber__nerve_fibre__nervefibre a threadlike extension of a nerve cell
subtype: #medullated_nerve_fiber__myelinated_nerve_fiber a nerve fiber encased in a sheath of myelin
subtype: #effector.nerve_fiber a nerve fiber that terminates on a muscle or gland and stimulates contraction or secretion
subtype: #axon__axone long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
subtype: #dendrite short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron
subtype: #spindle.fiber (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle; "chromosomes are distributed by spindles in mitosis and meiosis"
subtype: #loofa__loofah__luffa__loufah_sponge the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer
subtype: #Cebu_maguey__cantala__manilamaguey hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants
subtype: #bassine coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms
subtype: #coir stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut
subtype: #raffia fiber of a raffia palm used as light cordage and in making hats and baskets
subtype: #fibril__filament__strand a very slender natural or synthetic fiber
subtype: #barb one of the parallel filaments projecting from the main shaft of a feather
subtype: #cobweb.fibril__gossamer filaments from a cobweb
subtype: #chromatid one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis
subtype: #myofibril__myofibrilla one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber
subtype: #rhizoid any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc
subtype: #leak_fungus__ring_rot_fungus__Rhizopus_stolonifer fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes
subtype: #hypha any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus
subtype: #conidiophore a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia
subtype: #rhizomorph a dense mass of hyphae forming a rootlike structure characteristic of many fungi
subtype: #paraphysis a sterile simple or branched filament or hair borne among sporangia; may be pointed or clubbed
subtype: #lint fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers
subtype: #man-made_fiber__synthetic_fiber__syntheticfiber created from natural materials or by chemical processes
subtype: #acrylic_fiber__acrylicfiber__acrylic polymerized from acrylonitrile
subtype: #nylon.polyamide a thermoplastic polyamide; a family of high-strength resilient synthetic materials
subtype: #natural_fiber__naturalfiber__natural_fibre__naturalfibre derived from plants or animals
subtype: #pandanus fiber from leaves of the pandanus tree; used for woven articles (such as mats)
subtype: #New_Zealand_cotton a fiber from the bast of New Zealand ribbon trees that resembles cotton fiber
subtype: #bowstring_hemp__bowstringhemp strong fiber that resembles hemp; obtained from sansevieria and used for e.g. cordage
subtype: #bast_fiber__bast strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants
subtype: #animal_fiber__animal_fibre fiber derived from animals
subtype: #plant_fiber__plantfiber__plant_fibre__plantfibre fiber derived from plants
subtype: #buntal fine white Philippine fiber from stalks of unopened leaves of talipot palms; used in making hats
subtype: #flax.plant_fiber fiber of the flax plant that is made into thread and woven into linen fabric
subtype: #cotton_wool__cotton silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state
subtype: #absorbent_cotton__absorbentcotton__cotton_wool cotton made absorbent by removal of the natural wax
subtype: #hemp a plant fiber
subtype: #kenaf__deccanhemp fiber from an East Indian plant Hibiscus cannabinus
subtype: #bowstring_hemp.hemp__bowstringhemp hemp obtained from the sansevieria
subtype: #Manilla_hemp__Manila_hemp__abaca a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines
subtype: #jute a plant fiber used in making rope or sacks
subtype: #kapok__silk_cotton__vegetable_silk__vegetablesilk from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation
subtype: #red_silk_cotton from the red silk-cotton tree of E India; inferior to kapok
subtype: #straw plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder
subtype: #raphia__raffia leaf fibers of the raffia palm tree; used to make baskets and mats etc.
subtype: #sisal_hemp__sisalhemp__sisal a plant fiber used for making rope
subtype: #oakum loose hemp or jute fiber obtained by unravelling old ropes; when impregnated with tar it was used to caulk seams and pack joints in wooden ships
subtype: #raveling__ravelling a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric
subtype: #filling.material any material that fills a space or container; "there was not enough fill for the trench"
subtype: #cement.filling any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth
subtype: #foam a lightweight material in cellular form; made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture
subtype: #Styrofoam (trademark) a light resilient foam of polystyrene
subtype: #foam_rubber spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization
subtype: #lubricant__lubricator__lubricating_substance__lubricatingsubstance a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
subtype: #drilling_mud__drilling_fluid a mixture of clays and chemicals and water; pumped down the drill pipe to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and to to flush out the cuttings and to strengthen the sides of the hole
subtype: #motor_oil oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor
subtype: #homogenate material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed); "liver homogenate"
subtype: #paper a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
subtype: #card one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes; "he collected cards and traded them with the other boys"
subtype: #playing_card__playingcard one of a pack of cards used in playing card games
subtype: #ace.playing_card one of four playing cards in a deck having a single pip on its face
subtype: #ace_of_clubs the ace in the club suit
subtype: #ace_of_diamonds the ace in the diamond suit
subtype: #ace_of_hearts the ace in the heart suit
subtype: #ace_of_spades the ace of spades; sometimes taken as a portent of death
subtype: #club.playing_card a playing card in the minor suit of clubs (having one or more black trefoils on it); "he led a small club"; "clubs were trumps"
subtype: #deuce one of the four playing cards in a deck that have two spots
subtype: #diamond.playing_card a playing card in the minor suit of diamonds
subtype: #draw.playing_card a playing card or cards dealt or taken from the pack; "he got a pair of kings in the draw"
subtype: #face_card__picture_card__picturecard__court_card__courtcard one of the twelve cards in a deck bearing a picture of a face
subtype: #knave__jack one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a young prince
subtype: #king.face_card one of the four playing cards in a deck bearing the picture of a king
subtype: #queen.face_card one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a queen
subtype: #gaming_card one of a set of cards used in gambling games
subtype: #heart.playing_card a playing card in the major suit of hearts; "he led the queen of hearts"
subtype: #hole_card (stud poker) a playing card dealt face down and not revealed until the showdown
subtype: #singleton the playing card that is the only card in a suit held in a bridge hand as initially dealt
subtype: #spade a playing card in the major suit of spades
subtype: #spot.playing_card a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value; "an eight spot"
subtype: #eight-spot__eightspot a playing card with eight pips on the face
subtype: #five-spot a playing card or a domino or a die whose upward face shows five pips
subtype: #four-spot a playing card or domino or die whose upward face shows four pips
subtype: #nine-spot a playing card with nine pips on the face
subtype: #seven-spot__sevenspot a spot with seven pips on the face
subtype: #six-spot__sixspot a playing card or domino or die whose upward face shows six pips
subtype: #ten-spot__tenspot a spot (or playing card) with ten pips on the face
subtype: #stopper (bridge) a playing card with a value sufficiently high to insure taking a trick in a particular suit; "if my partner has a spade stopper I can bid no trump"
subtype: #suit.playing_card playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color; "a flush is five cards in the same suit"; "in bridge you must follow suit"; "what suit is trumps?"
subtype: #major_suit__majorsuit (in bridge) a suit of superior scoring value, either spades or hearts
subtype: #minor_suit__minorsuit (in bridge) a suit of inferior scoring value, either diamonds or clubs
subtype: #trey one of four playing cards in a deck having three pips
subtype: #trump_card__trumpcard__trump a playing card in the suit that has been declared trumps
subtype: #punched_card__punchedcard__punch_card__punchcard__Hollerith_card a card on which data can be recorded in the form of punched holes
subtype: #trading_card__tradingcard a card with a picture on it; collected and traded by children
subtype: #baseball_card a trading card with a picture of a baseball player and information about his playing record
subtype: #confetti small pieces or streamers of colored paper that are thrown around on festive occasions (as at a wedding)
subtype: #sheet_of_paper__sheet__piece_of_paper used for writing or printing
subtype: #slip_of_paper__slip a small sheet of paper; "a receipt slip"
subtype: #signature.sheet_of_paper a sheet with several pages printed on it; it folds to page size and is bound with other signatures to form a book
subtype: #leaf.sheet_of_paper__folio a sheet of any written or printed material (especially in a manuscript or book)
subtype: #flyleaf a blank leaf in the front of back of a book
subtype: #page especially one side of a leaf
subtype: #full_page something that covers an entire page; "the ad took up a full page"
subtype: #half_page something that covers (the top or bottom) half of a page
subtype: #recto right-hand page
subtype: #verso left-hand page
subtype: #title_page__titlepage a page of a book displaying the title and author and publisher
subtype: #half_title__bastard_title__bastardtitle a first page of some books displaying only the title of the book
subtype: #sports_page any page in the sports section of a newspaper
subtype: #spreadhead__spread__facing_pages two facing pages of a book or other publication
subtype: #center_spread__centre_spread the spread at the center of a magazine
subtype: #centerfold__centrefold a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature
subtype: #foldout an oversize page that is folded in to a book or magazine
subtype: #centerfold__centrefold a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature
subtype: #tear_sheet a sheet that can be easily torn out of a publication
subtype: #foolscap a size of paper used especially in Britain
subtype: #style_sheet__stylesheet a sheet summarizing the editorial conventions to be followed in preparing text for publication
subtype: #worksheet a sheet of paper with multiple columns; used by an accountant to assemble figures for financial statements
subtype: #art_paper a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)
subtype: #blotting_paper__blotter absorbent paper used to dry ink
subtype: #blueprint_paper__blueprintpaper sensitized paper used to make blueprints
subtype: #carbon_paper__carbon a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper
subtype: #cardboard__compositionboard a stiff moderately thick paper
subtype: #binder's_board__binder_board a cardboard used by bookbinders to make covers for books
subtype: #card.cardboard thin cardboard, usually rectangular
subtype: #timecard a card used with a time clock to record an employee's starting and quitting times each day
subtype: #corrugated_board__corrugated_cardboard cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides)
subtype: #paperboard__posterboard a cardboard suitable for making posters
subtype: #pasteboard stiff cardboard made by pasting together layers of paper
subtype: #millboard stout pasteboard used to bind books
subtype: #strawboard a coarse yellow cardboard made of straw pulp
subtype: #cartridge_paper__cartridgepaper paper for making cartridge cases
subtype: #chad a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape
subtype: #dimpled_chad__dimpledchad__pregnant_chad__dimple a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached
subtype: #hanging_chad__hangingchad a chad that is incompletely removed and hanging by one corner
subtype: #swinging_chad a chad that is incompletely removed and still attached at two corners
subtype: #tri-chad__trichad a chad that is incompletely removed and still attached at three corners
subtype: #computer_paper paper folded to permit continuous printing controlled by a computer
subtype: #construction_paper paper suitable for drawing and making cutouts
subtype: #crepe_paper__crepepaper__crepe paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations
subtype: #drawing_paper__drawingpaper paper that is specially prepared for use in drafting
subtype: #cartridge_paper.drawing_paper__cartridgepaper thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings
subtype: #filter_paper a porous unsized paper used for filtering
subtype: #flypaper paper that is poisoned or coated with a sticky substance to kill flies
subtype: #graph_paper paper that has lines to permit drawing graphs
subtype: #linen_paper__linenpaper__linen a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish
subtype: #litmus_paper unsized paper treated with litmus for use as an acid-base indicator
subtype: #manila_paper__manila__manilla__manilla_paper__manillapaper a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp
subtype: #music_paper__musicpaper__score_paper paper with lines appropriate for writing music
subtype: #newsprint__newspaper cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers; "they used bales of newspaper every day"
subtype: #oilpaper paper that has been made translucent and waterproof by soaking in oil
subtype: #india_paper__indiapaper a thin tough opaque paper used in fine books
subtype: #pad_of_paper__pad a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge
subtype: #message_pad__messagepad__writing_pad__writingpad a pad of paper on which messages can be written
subtype: #notepad a pad of paper for keeping notes
subtype: #scratch_pad__scratchpad__scratch_paper__scratchpaper__scribbling_block pad for preliminary or hasty writing or notes or sketches etc: "scribbling block" is a British term
subtype: #paper_toweling__papertoweling absorbent paper used as toweling
subtype: #papier-mache a substance made from paper pulp that can be molded when went and painted when dry
subtype: #papyrus.paper paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans
subtype: #parchment a superior paper resembling sheepskin
subtype: #rice_paper a thin delicate material resembling paper; made from the rice-paper tree
subtype: #roofing_paper__roofingpaper__tar_paper__tarpaper a heavy paper impregnated with tar and used as part of a roof for waterproofing
subtype: #ticker_tape a continuous thin ribbon of paper on which stock quotes are written
subtype: #tissue_paper__tissue a soft thin (usually translucent) paper
subtype: #cigarette_paper__cigarettepaper__rolling_paper__rollingpaper a strong tissue paper that burns evenly and is sufficiently porous to control the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette
subtype: #facial_tissue tissue paper suitable for use on the face
subtype: #Kleenex (trademark) a piece of soft absorbent paper (usually two or more thin layers) used as a disposable handkerchief
subtype: #toilet_tissue__toilettissue__toilet_paper__bathroom_tissue__bathroomtissue a soft thin absorbent paper for use in toilets
subtype: #toilet_roll a roll of toilet paper
subtype: #tracing_paper__tracingpaper a semitransparent paper that is used for tracing drawings
subtype: #transfer_paper a paper that is coated with a preparation for transferring a design to another surface
subtype: #decalcomania__decal a design fixed to some surface or a paper bearing the design to be transferred to the surface
subtype: #wallpaper a decorative paper for the walls of rooms
subtype: #waste_paper__wastepaper paper discarded after use
subtype: #wax_paper__waxpaper paper that has been waterproofed by treatment with wax of paraffin
subtype: #wrapping_paper a tough paper used for wrapping
subtype: #kraft_paper__kraftpaper__kraft strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution
subtype: #butcher_paper__butcherpaper a strong wrapping paper that resists penetration by blood or meat fluids
subtype: #gift_wrap attractive wrapping paper suitable for wrapping gifts
subtype: #writing_paper__writingpaper paper material made into thin sheets that are sized to take ink; used for writing correspondence and manuscripts
subtype: #stationery__letter_paper__notepaper paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes
subtype: #letterhead a sheet of stationery with name and address of the organization printed at the top
subtype: #rag_paper__ragpaper paper made partly or wholly from rags
subtype: #bond_paper__bond a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents
subtype: #ledger_paper a durable writing paper used in record books and business ledgers
subtype: #laid_paper writing paper having a watermark of fine lines running across the grain
subtype: #wove_paper writing paper having a very faint mesh pattern
subtype: #letter_paper writing paper for use in writing correspondence
subtype: #ola__olla leaf or strip from a leaf of the talipot palm used in India for writing paper
subtype: #typewriter_paper__typing_paper writing paper suitable for use in a typewriter
subtype: #onionskin a thin strong light-weight translucent paper used especially for making carbon copies
subtype: #vellum a heavy creamy-colored paper resembling parchment
subtype: #packing_material__packingmaterial__wadding any material used especially to protect something
subtype: #cardboard__compositionboard a stiff moderately thick paper
subtype: #blister_pack__blisterpack__bubble_pack__bubble_wrap a transparent plastic blister used to package items of merchandise
subtype: #excelsior__wood_shavings thin curly wood shavings used for packing or stuffing
subtype: #coloring_material__colouring_material__colouringmaterial__color__colour any material used for its color
subtype: #paint a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating
subtype: #acrylic_paint__acrylicpaint__acrylic used especially by artists
subtype: #coat_of_paint a layer of paint covering something else
subtype: #finishing_coat__finishingcoat__finish_coat the final coat of paint
subtype: #flat_coat__ground__primer__priming__primer_coat__priming_coat__primingcoat__undercoat the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface
subtype: #couch.flat_coat a flat coat of paint or varnish used by artists as a primer
subtype: #enamel.paint a paint that dries to a hard glossy finish
subtype: #encaustic a paint consisting of pigment mixed with melted beeswax; it is fixed with heat after application
subtype: #house_paint__housepaint paint used to cover the exterior woodwork of a house
subtype: #oil_paint__oilpaint paint in which a drying oil is the vehicle
subtype: #oil_color__oilcolor__oil oil paint used by an artist
subtype: #semigloss__semiglos a paint that dries with a finish between glossy and flat
subtype: #spray_paint__spraypaint paint applied with a spray gun
subtype: #varnish paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating
subtype: #fixative a varnish dissolved in alcohol and sprayed over pictures to prevent smudging
subtype: #shellac_varnish__shellacvarnish__shellac a thin varnish made by dissolving lac in ethanol; used to finish wood
subtype: #water-base_paint paint in which water is used as the vehicle
subtype: #calcimine a water-base paint containing zinc oxide and glue and coloring; used as a wash for walls and ceilings
subtype: #casein_paint__casein a water-base paint made with casein (which is a protein precipitated from milk)
subtype: #latex_paint__latex__rubberbasepaint a water-base paint having a latex binder
subtype: #tempera__poster_paint__poster_color__poster_colour pigment mixed with water-soluble glutinous materials such as size and egg yolk
subtype: #wash.water-base_paint a thin coat of water-base paint
subtype: #calcimine a water-base paint containing zinc oxide and glue and coloring; used as a wash for walls and ceilings
subtype: #color_wash__colorwash__colour_wash a wash of whitewash or other water-base paint tinted with a colored pigment
subtype: #whitewash wash consisting of lime and size in water; used for whitening walls and other surfaces
subtype: #watercolor.water-base_paint a water-base paint (with water-soluble pigments); used by artists
subtype: #gouache.watercolor an opaque watercolor prepared with gum
subtype: #indicator.coloring_material (chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction
subtype: #absorption_indicator an indicator used in reactions that involve precipitation
subtype: #fluorescein__fluoresceine__fluorescent_dye__resorcinolphthalein a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
subtype: #eosin__bromeosin a red fluorescent dye resulting from the action of bromine on fluorescein; used in cosmetics and as a biological stain for studying cell structures
subtype: #acid-base_indicator__acidbaseindicator an indicator that changes color on going from acidic to basic solutions
subtype: #phenolphthalein a laxative used in many preparations under various trade names; also used as an acid-base indicator in titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity and colorless below pH 8
subtype: #congo_red a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)
subtype: #methyl_orange an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases
subtype: #litmus__litmus_test a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator
subtype: #bromophenol_blue__bromophenolblue__bromphenol_blue__tetrabromo-phenolsulfonephthalein a dye used as an acid-base indicator
subtype: #bromothymol_blue__bromothymolblue__bromthymolblue a dye used as an acid-base indicator
subtype: #alpha-naphthol_test__Molisch's_test__Molisch_test__Molisch_reaction biochemical indicator of the presence of carbohydrates in a solution; if carbohydrates are present a violet ring is formed by reaction with alpha-naphthol in the presence of sulfuric acid
subtype: #oxidation-reduction_indicator__oxidationreductionindicator an indicator that shows a reversible color change between oxidized and reduced forms
subtype: #mordant a substance used to treat leather or other materials before dyeing; aids in dyeing process
subtype: #chrome_alum a violet-colored salt used in hide tanning and as a mordant in dyeing
subtype: #tartar_emetic__tartaremetic__antimony_potassium_tartrate a poisonous colorless salt used as a mordant and in medicine
subtype: #sodium_dichromate__sodium_bichromate a red-orange salt used as a mordant
subtype: #dye__dyestuff a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair
subtype: #acid_dye dye in which the chromophore is part of a negative ion
subtype: #metallized_dye acid dye in which the negative ion contains a chelated metal atom
subtype: #alizarin_yellow any of various yellow dyes; not related chemically to alizarin but applied in the same manner
subtype: #anil__indigo__indigotin a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically
subtype: #aniline_dye__anilinedye any of many dyes made from aniline
subtype: #azo_dye any dye containing one or more azo groups
subtype: #congo_red a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)
subtype: #methyl_orange an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases
subtype: #basic_dye__basicdye dye in which the chromophore are part of a positive ion
subtype: #blueing__blue used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge
subtype: #bromophenol_blue__bromophenolblue__bromphenol_blue__tetrabromo-phenolsulfonephthalein a dye used as an acid-base indicator
subtype: #bromothymol_blue__bromothymolblue__bromthymolblue a dye used as an acid-base indicator
subtype: #cochineal a red dyestuff consisting of dried bodies of female cochineal insects
subtype: #cyanine_dye__cyaninedye any of a class of dyes containing a -CH= group linking two nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings; used as sensitizers in photography
subtype: #direct_dye__substantive_dye dye with a high affinity for cellulose fibers (cotton or rayon etc.)
subtype: #fluorescein__fluoresceine__fluorescent_dye__resorcinolphthalein a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
subtype: #fluorochrome any of various fluorescent substances used in fluorescence microscopy to stain specimens
subtype: #fluorescein_isothiocyanate__fluoresceinisothiocyanate__fluorescein_isocyanate__fluoresceinisocyanate a fluorochrome commonly conjugated with antibodies for use in indirect immunofluorescence
subtype: #hair_dye__hair_coloring a dye or tint for the hair
subtype: #henna a reddish brown dye used especially on hair
subtype: #rinse.hair_dye a liquid preparation used on wet hair to it a tint
subtype: #Kendal_green__Kendal a green dye, often used to color cloth, which is obtained from the woad plant
subtype: #lac_dye__lacdye scarlet dye like cochineal; extracted with alkali from stick lac
subtype: #lead_acetate__sugar_of_lead a poisonous white solid (Pb[CH3CO]2) used in dyeing cotton and in making enamels and varnishes
subtype: #cudbear__archil a purplish dye obtained from orchil lichens
subtype: #quercitron a yellow dye made from the bark of the quercitron oak tree
subtype: #radiopaque_dye dye that does not allow the passage of X rays or other radiation; used to outline certain organs during X-ray examination
subtype: #Tyrian_purple.dye__tyrianpurple a red-purple to deep purple dye obtained from snails or made synthetically
subtype: #vat_dye__vat_color__vatcolor a dye that is applied by reducing the dye to a base-soluble form, applying the dye, then regenerating the insoluble dye by oxidation in the material; used for dyeing cotton
subtype: #woad.dye a blue dyestuff obtained from the woad plant
subtype: #tincture.coloring_material a substances that colors metals
subtype: #argent a metal tincture used in heraldry to give a silvery appearance
subtype: #hematochrome a reddish coloring material found in some algae
subtype: #pigment dry coloring matter (especially an insoluble powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint etc)
subtype: #chlorophyll any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms
subtype: #chlorophyll_a__chlorophylla a blue-black plant pigment having a blue-green alcohol solution
subtype: #chlorophyll_b__chlorophyllb a dark-green plant pigment having a brilliant green alcohol solution
subtype: #bacteriochlorophyll a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plants
subtype: #phycobilin water-soluble proteinaceous pigments found in red algae and cyanobacteria
subtype: #phycoerythrin red pigment in red algae
subtype: #phycocyanin blue pigment in algae
subtype: #titanium_dioxide__titanium_oxide__titanic_oxide__titanicoxide__titania a white powder used as a pigment for its high covering power and durability
subtype: #cobalt_blue__cobalt_ultramarine greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina
subtype: #earth_color a colored mineral used as a pigment
subtype: #mosaic_gold__stannic_sulfide a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquer
subtype: #carotenoid any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals
subtype: #carotene yellow or orange-red fat-soluble pigments in plants
subtype: #lycopene carotenoid that makes tomatoes red; may lower the risk of prostate cancer
subtype: #beta-carotene an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
subtype: #xanthophyll__xanthophyl__lutein yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks
subtype: #zeaxanthin yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow indian corn
subtype: #animal_pigment pigment occurring in animals
subtype: #bilirubin__hematoidin__haematoidin an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice
subtype: #urobilin brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine
subtype: #luciferin pigment occurring in luminescent organisms (as fireflies); emits heatless light when undergoing oxidation
subtype: #melanin insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers
subtype: #cerulean_blue light greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of oxides of cobalt and tin
subtype: #chrome_green.pigment__chromegreen any of a class of green pigments consisting of chrome yellow and iron blue
subtype: #Windsor_green a light chrome green pigment
subtype: #Hooker's_green green pigment consisting of Prussian blue mixed with gamboge
subtype: #chrome_yellow.pigment__chromeyellow any of several yellow pigments consisting of normal lead chromate and other lead compounds
subtype: #bister__bistre a water-soluble brownish-yellow pigment made by boiling wood soot
subtype: #Indian_red.pigment__indianred a red pigment composed in part from ferric oxide which is often used in paints and cosmetics
subtype: #ivory_black__ivoryblack a black pigment made from grinding burnt ivory in oil
subtype: #iron_blue_pigment__Prussian_blue_pigment any of various blue pigments
subtype: #Payne's_gray any pigment that produces a grayish to dark grayish blue
subtype: #alizarin__alizarine an orange-red crystalline compound used in making red pigments and in dyeing
subtype: #alizarin_carmine__alizarin_crimson__alizarin_red any of various acid dyes; used for dying wool scarlet red
subtype: #bole a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)
subtype: #lake.pigment any of numerous bright translucent organic pigments
subtype: #red_pigment_from_lac_or_cochineal__lake a purplish red pigment prepared from lac or cochineal
subtype: #orange_pigment__orange any pigment producing the orange color
subtype: #watercolour water-soluble pigment
subtype: #retinene__retinal either of two yellow to red retinal pigments formed from Rhodopsin by the action of light
subtype: #Paris_green a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
subtype: #sepia rich brown pigment prepared from the ink of cuttlefishes
subtype: #porphyrin any of various pigments distributed widely in living tissues
subtype: #heme__haem__hematin__protoheme a complex red organic pigment containing iron and other atoms to which oxygen binds
subtype: #hemosiderin a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolism
subtype: #ultramarine_blue__ultramarineblue blue pigment made of powdered lapis lazuli
subtype: #French_blue__French_ultramarine__French_ultramarine_blue ultramarine pigment prepared artificially
subtype: #photopigment a special pigment found in the rods and cones of the retina
subtype: #iodopsin a violet photopigment in the retinal cones of the eyes of most vertebrates; plays a role in daylight vision
subtype: #visual_purple__rhodopsin__retinal_purple__retinalpurple a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light
subtype: #cadmium_yellow__cadmiumyellow pigment of cadmium sulfide and barium sulfate varying in hue from lemon yellow to orange
subtype: #cadmium_yellow_pale pale-hued cadmium yellow pigment
subtype: #cadmium_orange__cadmiumorange orange-hued cadmium yellow pigment
subtype: #cupric_acetate__verdigris a blue or green powder used as a paint pigment
subtype: #white_lead__whitelead__lead_carbonate a poisonous lead-containing white pigment
subtype: #zinc_white a white pigment used in hose paints; consists of zinc oxide
subtype: #stain a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
subtype: #gentian_violet__gentianviolet__crystal_violet__crystalviolet a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment
subtype: #methylene_blue__methyleneblue__methylthioninechloride a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning
subtype: #plant_material__plantmaterial material derived from plants
subtype: #shuck__chaff__husk__stalk__straw__stubble material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
subtype: #bran.shuck broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting
subtype: #cork outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.
subtype: #plant_product__plantproduct a product made from plant material
subtype: #coca dried leaves of the coca plant (and related plants that also contain cocaine); chewed by Andean people for their simulating effect
subtype: #baccy__tobacco leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion
subtype: #filler.baccy the tobacco used to form the core of a cigar
subtype: #roll_of_tobacco__smoke tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder
subtype: #cigar a roll of tobacco for smoking
subtype: #cheroot a cigar with both ends cut flat
subtype: #cigarillo small cigar or cigarette wrapped in tobacco instead of paper
subtype: #claro a cigar made with light-colored tobacco
subtype: #corona a long cigar with blunt ends
subtype: #panatela__panetela__panetella a long slender cigar
subtype: #cigarette__cigaret__coffin_nail__butt__fag finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking
subtype: #cubeb_cigarette__cubeb a cigarette containing cubeb
subtype: #filter-tipped_cigarette a cigarette with a filter tip
subtype: #marijuana_cigarette__marijuanacigarette__joint__reefer__stick marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking
subtype: #smoking_mixture__smokingmixture a blend of tobaccos to be smoked in a pipe
subtype: #snuff.baccy finely powdered tobacco for sniffing up the nose
subtype: #rappee strong snuff made from dark coarse tobacco
subtype: #shag.baccy a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded
subtype: #Turkish_tobacco a dark, aromatic, small-leaved tobacco of eastern Europe and used in cigarettes
subtype: #ethyl_alcohol__ethylalcohol__ethanol__fermentationalcohol__grainalcohol the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel
subtype: #spirits_of_wine rectified ethyl alcohol
subtype: #absolute_alcohol pure ethyl alcohol (containing no more than 1% water)
subtype: #denatured_alcohol__denaturedalcohol ethyl alcohol that is unfit for drinking but is still useful for other purposes
subtype: #methylated_spirits ethyl alcohol denatured with methyl alcohol to prevent its use as an alcoholic beverage
subtype: #phytohormone__plant_hormone__planthormone__growth_regulator a hormone-like plant product
subtype: #auxin a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth
subtype: #indoleacetic_acid__IAA a plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots
subtype: #indolebutyric_acid__indolebutyricacid a synthetic plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots
subtype: #gibberellin a plant hormone isolated from a fungus; used in promoting plant growth
subtype: #gibberellic_acid__gibberellicacid a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin
subtype: #furfural__furfuraldehyde a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corn cobs; used in making furan and as a solvent
subtype: #natural_resin__naturalresin a plant exudate
subtype: #sandarach__sandarac a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes
subtype: #guaiacum medicinal resin from the lignum vitae tree
subtype: #storax a vanilla-scented resin from various trees of the genus Styrax
subtype: #scammony resin from the root of Convolvulus scammonia
subtype: #acaroid_resin__acaroidresin__accaroid_resin__accroides__accroide__accroides_resin__accroidesresin__accroides_gum__accroidesgum__gum_accroides__gumaccroide an alcohol-soluble resin from Australian trees; used in varnishes and in manufacturing paper
subtype: #gum_anime__gumanime__anime any of various resins or oleoresins
subtype: #asafetida the gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic
subtype: #camphor a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment
subtype: #cannabin__cannabis_resin a poisonous resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent
subtype: #amber a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry
subtype: #copal a brittle aromatic resin used in varnishes
subtype: #courbaril_copal resin from the courbaril tree
subtype: #copalite__copaline__fossil_copal partly mineralized copal dug from the ground
subtype: #congo_copal__congocopal__congo_gum__congogum copal found usually as a fossil
subtype: #kauri_copal__kauricopal__kauri__kauri_resin__kauriresin__kauri_gum resin of the kauri trees of N Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum
subtype: #Zanzibar_copal__anime a hard copal derived from an African tree
subtype: #dammar_resin__dammar__gum_dammar__gumdammar any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine
subtype: #colophony translucent brittle substance produced from pine oleoresin; used especially in varnishes and inks and on the bows of stringed instruments
subtype: #mastic.natural_resin an aromatic exudate from the mastic tree; used chiefly in varnishes
subtype: #oleoresin a naturally occurring mixture of a resin and an essential oil; obtained from certain plants
subtype: #labdanum__ladanum a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative
subtype: #balsam.oleoresin any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes
subtype: #balsam_of_tolu__tolu__tolu_balsam aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups
subtype: #balsam_of_Peru dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases
subtype: #balm any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing
subtype: #balm_of_Gilead a fragrant oleoresin
subtype: #tolu an aromatic balsam
subtype: #Canada_balsam yellow transparent exudate of the balsam fir; used as a transparent cement in optical devices (especially in microscopy) and as a mounting medium
subtype: #turpentine__gum_terpentine__gumterpentine obtained from conifers (especially pines)
subtype: #Chian_turpentine a turpentine exuded by the terebinth
subtype: #copaiba_balsam__copaibabalsam__copaiba__balsam_capivi an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments
subtype: #gum_labdanum__gumlabdanum a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses
subtype: #gum_resin__gumresin a mixture of resin and gum
subtype: #gum_elemi__gumelemi__elemi fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense
subtype: #gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__myrrh aromatic resin burned as incense and used in perfume
subtype: #Sonora_gum acidulous gum resin of the creosote bush
subtype: #gum_benzoin__gumbenzoin__benzoin__benjamin__gum_benjamin__gumbenjamin__asadulci gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation
subtype: #bdellium aromatic gum resin; similar to myrrh
subtype: #gamboge a gum resin used as a yellow pigment and a purgative
subtype: #myrrh__gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely aromatic resin used in perfume and incense
subtype: #wood_tar any tar obtained by the destructive distillation of wood
subtype: #pine_tar a dark viscous substance obtained from the destructive distillation of pine wood
subtype: #plant_fiber__plantfiber__plant_fibre__plantfibre fiber derived from plants
subtype: #sucrose a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
subtype: #galactose__brain_sugar__brainsugar a simple sugar found in lactose
subtype: #wood the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
subtype: #pine straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus
subtype: #knotty_pine pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture
subtype: #white_pine.pine__whitepine soft white wood of white pine trees
subtype: #yellow_pine.pine__yellowpine hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine
subtype: #larch wood of a larch tree
subtype: #fir nonresinous wood of a fir tree
subtype: #douglas_fir.fir strong durable timber of a douglas fir
subtype: #cedar__cedarwood durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests
subtype: #red_cedar fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees
subtype: #pencil_cedar wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils
subtype: #Port_Orford_cedar the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree
subtype: #spruce.wood light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork
subtype: #hemlock soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock
subtype: #cypress__cypres wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus
subtype: #cypress_pine__cypresspine any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia
subtype: #Port_Jackson_pine__Callitris_cupressiformis Australian cypress pine having globular cones
subtype: #black_cypress_pine__blackcypresspine__red_cypress_pine__redcypresspine__Callitris_endlicheri__Callitris_calcarata Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin
subtype: #white_cypress_pine__whitecypresspine__Callitris_glaucophylla__Callitris_glauca small tree or shrub of southern Australia
subtype: #stringybark_pine__stringybarkpine__Callitris_parlatorei Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark
subtype: #juniper coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones
subtype: #pencil_cedar_tree__pencil_cedar any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils
subtype: #eastern_red_cedar__easternredcedar__red_cedar__red_juniper__redjuniper__Juniperus_virginiana small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles
subtype: #Bermuda_cedar__Juniperus_bermudiana ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper
subtype: #east_African_cedar__Juniperus_procera tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood
subtype: #southern_red_cedar__Juniperus_silicicola juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar
subtype: #savin__dwarf_juniper__dwarfjuniper__Juniperus_sabina procumbent or spreading juniper
subtype: #common_juniper__Juniperus_communis densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland
subtype: #dwarf_juniper__dwarfjuniper__ground_cedar__Juniperus_communis_depressa a procumbent variety of the common juniper
subtype: #creeping_juniper__Juniperus_horizontalis low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter
subtype: #Mexican_juniper__drooping_juniper__Juniperus_flaccida small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets
subtype: #sequoia__redwood either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae
subtype: #California_redwood__coast_redwood__coastredwood__Sequoia_sempervirens lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur
subtype: #giant_sequoia__giantsequoia__big_tree__bigtree__sierraredwood__Sequoiadendron_giganteum__Sequoia_gigantea__Sequoia_Wellingtonia extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism
subtype: #pond_bald_cypress__bald_cypress__swamp_cypress__southern_cypress__Taxodium_distichum common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms
subtype: #pond_cypress__bald_cypress__Taxodium_ascendens smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum
subtype: #Montezuma_cypress__Mexican_swamp_cypress__Taxodium_mucronatum cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands
subtype: #ahuehuete literally "old man of the water": a giant specimen of great age and girth at Santa Maria del Tule
subtype: #sandarac_tree__sandarac__Tetraclinis_articulata__Callitris_quadrivalvis large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes
subtype: #redwood the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees
subtype: #sandarac__citronwood durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of Cordova Cathedral)
subtype: #kauri white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis
subtype: #yellowwood yellow-colored wood of any of various yellowwood trees
subtype: #yew.wood wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows
subtype: #lancewood durable straight-grained wood of the lacewood tree; used for building and cabinetwork and tools
subtype: #true_tulipwood__tulipwood__whitewood__white_poplar__whitepoplar__yellowpoplar light easily worked wood of a tulip tree; used for furniture and veneer
subtype: #zebrawood handsomely striped or mottled wood of the zebrawood tree; used especially for cabinetwork
subtype: #cocuswood__cocoswood__granadilla_wood wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets
subtype: #shittimwood wood of the shittah tree used to make the ark of the Hebrew tabernacle
subtype: #sabicu_wood__sabicu the wood of the sabicu which resembles mahogany
subtype: #bamboo.wood the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles
subtype: #tulipwood the variegated or showily striped ornamental wood of various tulipwood trees
subtype: #balsa_wood__balsawood__balsa strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats
subtype: #silver_quandong pale easily worked timber from the quandong tree
subtype: #obeche the wood of an African obeche tree; used especially for veneering
subtype: #basswood__linden soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork
subtype: #beefwood.wood any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork
subtype: #briarwood__brierwood wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to make tobacco pipes
subtype: #beech__beechwood wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles
subtype: #chestnut.wood wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
subtype: #oak the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring
subtype: #fumed_oak__fumedoak oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork
subtype: #holm_oak hard wood of the holm oak tree
subtype: #birch hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood
subtype: #alder wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc
subtype: #hazel the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris)
subtype: #olive.wood hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork
subtype: #ash.wood strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats
subtype: #ironwood exceptionally tough or hard wood of any of a number of ironwood trees
subtype: #walnut.wood hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling
subtype: #hickory.wood valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees
subtype: #pecan.wood wood of a pecan tree
subtype: #pyinma relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous
subtype: #gumwood__gum wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum
subtype: #satin_walnut__satinwalnut__sweetgum__hazelwood__red_gum__redgum reddish-brown wood and lumber from heartwood of the sweet gum tree used to make furniture
subtype: #eucalyptus wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber
subtype: #tupelo pale soft wood of a tupelo tree especially the water gum
subtype: #poon.wood wood of any poon tree; used for masts and spars
subtype: #red_lauan__redlauan hard heavy red wood of the red lauan tree; often sold as Philippine mahogany
subtype: #elm__elmwood hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture
subtype: #brazilwood heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods
subtype: #locust.wood hardwood from any of various locust trees
subtype: #logwood very hard brown to brownish-red heartwood of a logwood tree; used in preparing a purplish red dye
subtype: #rosewood hard dark reddish wood of a rosewood tree having a strongly marked grain; used in cabinetwork
subtype: #amboyna__Andaman_redwood mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus
subtype: #kingwood handsome violet-streaked wood of the kingwood tree; used especially in cabinetwork
subtype: #granadilla_wood dark red hardwood derived from the cocobolo and used in making musical instruments e.g. clarinets
subtype: #blackwood very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees
subtype: #Panama_redwood__quira hard heavy red wood of a quira tree
subtype: #ruby_wood__red_sandalwood__redsandalwood hard durable wood of red sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus); prized for cabinetwork
subtype: #black_locust__blacklocust strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay
subtype: #cherry.wood wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry
subtype: #fruitwood wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork
subtype: #applewood wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus
subtype: #lemonwood hard tough elastic wood of the lemonwood tree; used for making bows and fishing rods
subtype: #incense_wood__incensewood fragrant wood of two incense trees of the genus Protium
subtype: #mahogany wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture
subtype: #Philippine_mahogany red or pale-red hardwood of the Philippine mahogany tree used for cigar boxes and interior finish
subtype: #cigar-box_cedar__cigarboxcedar fragrant wood much used for cigar boxes
subtype: #satinwood hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools
subtype: #orangewood fine-grained wood of an orange tree; used in fine woodwork
subtype: #citronwood wood of a citron tree
subtype: #guaiac_wood__guaiacum_wood heartwood of a palo santo; yields an aromatic oil used in perfumes
subtype: #lignum_vitae__guaiac__guaiacum hard greenish-brown wood of the lignum vitae tree and other trees of the genus Guaiacum
subtype: #poplar soft light-colored nondurable wood of the poplar
subtype: #sandalwood close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect-repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork
subtype: #Turkish_boxwood__boxwood very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box especially the common box; used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks
subtype: #maple.wood wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used esp for furniture and flooring
subtype: #bird's-eye_maple maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings
subtype: #sumac wood of a sumac
subtype: #ebony hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys
subtype: #sycamore__lacewood variably colored and sometimes variegated hard tough elastic wood of a sycamore tree
subtype: #teak__teakwood hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding
subtype: #dogwood hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resemble boxwood
subtype: #sapwood newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction
subtype: #heartwood__duramen the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood
subtype: #burl.wood the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer
subtype: #brushwood the wood from bushes or small branches; "they built a fire of brushwood"
subtype: #cabinet_wood__cabinetwood moderately dense wood used for cabinetwork; "teak and other heavy cabinet wood"
subtype: #driftwood wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore
subtype: #log a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches
subtype: #saw_log log large enough to be sawed into boards
subtype: #matchwood.wood wood suitable for making matchsticks
subtype: #splinters__matchwood wood in small pieces or splinters: "the vessel was beaten to matchwood on the rocks"
subtype: #sawdust fine particles of wood made by sawing wood
subtype: #wicker slender flexible branches or twigs (especially of willow or some canes); used for wickerwork
subtype: #dyewood any wood from which dye is obtained
subtype: #hardwood the wood of broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees (as distinguished from the wood of conifers)
subtype: #softwood__deal wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir)
subtype: #pulpwood softwood used to make paper
subtype: #raw_wood__rawwood wood that is not finished or painted
subtype: #knot.wood a hard cross-grained round piece of wood in a board where a branch emerged; "the saw buckled when it hit a knot"
subtype: #radioactive_material__radioactivematerial material that is radioactive
subtype: #radioactive_waste__radioactivewaste useless radioactive materials that are left after some laboratory or commercial process is completed
subtype: #high-level_radioactive_waste radioactive waste that left in a nuclear reactor after the nuclear fuel has been consumed
subtype: #low-level_radioactive_waste__lowlevelradioactivewaste radioactive waste consisting of objects that have been briefly exposed to radioactivity (as in certain medical tests)
subtype: #thickener__thickening any material used to thicken; "starch is used in cooking as a thickening"
subtype: #toner.material a substance used in a printer to develop a xerographic image
subtype: #transparent_substance__transparentsubstance__translucent_substance__translucentsubstance a material having the property of admitting light diffusely; a partly transparent material
subtype: #mica__isinglass__isinglas any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
subtype: #hyaline__hyalin a glassy translucent material that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions
subtype: #detergent_builder__detergentbuilder__builder a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action
subtype: #sodium_pyrophosphate__tetrasodium_pyrophosphate__tetrasodiumpyrophosphate a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
subtype: #sodium_tripolyphosphate a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
subtype: #trisodium_phosphate__trisodiumphosphate__trisodium_orthophosphate__trisodiumorthophosphate__tribasic_sodium_phosphate the tertiary phosphate of sodium used as a builder in soaps and detergents
subtype: #vernix_caseosa__vernix a white cheese-like protective material that covers the skin of a fetus
No statement uses or specializes #material.substance; click here to add one.
1309 categories printed