#animal__animate_being__animatebeing__beast__brute__creature__fauna a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
supertype: #living_thing__organism__being a living (or once living) entity that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
substance: #animal_tissue
part: #head #face.external_body_part
member of: #kingdom_Animalia
subtype: #critter a regional term for creature (especially domestic animals)
subtype: #darter a person or other animal that moves abruptly and rapidly; "squirrels are darters"
subtype: #vermin any of various small animals or insects that are pests; e.g. cockroaches or rats
subtype: #varment__varmint any usually predatory wild animal considered undesirable; e.g. coyote
subtype: #scavenger.animal any animal that feeds on refuse and other decaying organic matter
subtype: #work_animal an animal trained for and used for heavy labor
subtype: #beast_of_burden__jument an animal such as a donkey or ox or elephant used for transporting loads or doing other heavy work
subtype: #pack_animal__sumpter an animal such as a mule or burro or horse used to carry loads
subtype: #packhorse a workhorse used as a pack animal
subtype: #draft_animal__draftanimal an animal used for pulling heavy loads
subtype: #domestic_animal any of various domesticated animals
subtype: #feeder an animal being fattened or suitable for fattening
subtype: #stocker a domestic animal (especially a young steer or heifer) kept as stock until fattened or matured and suitable for a breeding establishment
subtype: #head.domestic_animal a single domestic animal: "200 head of cattle"
subtype: #migrator an animal (especially birds and fish) that travels between different habitats at particular times of the year
subtype: #molter__moulter an animal (especially birds and arthropods and reptiles) that periodically shed their outer layer (feathers or cuticle or skin or hair)
subtype: #pet a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement
subtype: #stayer a person or other animal having powers of endurance or perseverance: "the horse that won the race is a good stayer"
subtype: #stunt.animal a creature (especially a whale) that has been prevented from attaining full growth
subtype: #marine_animal__sea_animal__seaanimal any of numerous animals inhabiting the sea including e.g. fishes and molluscs and many mammals
subtype: #female an animal that produces gametes (ova) that can be fertilized by male gametes (spermatozoa)
subtype: #hen.female female of certain aquatic animals e.g. octopus or lobster
subtype: #dam female parent of an animal especially domestic livestock
subtype: #female_person__female a person who belongs to the sex that can have babies
subtype: #female_child__girl__little_girl a youthful female person; "the baby was a girl"; "the girls were just learning to ride a tricycle"
subtype: #campfire_girl a girl who is a member of Campfire Girls; for girls age 7-18
subtype: #farm_girl a girl who has grown up on a farm
subtype: #flower_girl a young girl who carries flowers in a (wedding) procession
subtype: #girl_scout a girl who is a member of the Girl Scouts of America
subtype: #schoolgirl a girl attending school
subtype: #foster-sister your foster sister is a female who is not a daughter of your parents but who is raised by your parents
subtype: #woman__adult_female__adultfemale an adult female person (as opposed to a man); "the woman kept house while the man hunted"
subtype: #Black_woman a woman who is Black
subtype: #white_woman__whitewoman a woman who is White
subtype: #yellow_woman offensive term for an Oriental woman
subtype: #amazon.woman__virago a large strong and aggressive woman
subtype: #maenad (Greek mythology) a woman participant in the orgiastic rites of Dionysus
subtype: #baggage a worthless or immoral woman
subtype: #B-girl__bar_girl__bargirl a woman employed by a bar to act as a companion to men customers
subtype: #bluestocking__bas_bleu__basbleu a woman having literary or intellectual interests
subtype: #bridesmaid a woman who attends the bride at a wedding
subtype: #broad slang term for a woman; "a broad is a woman who can throw a mean punch"
subtype: #female_gossiper__cat a spiteful woman gossip; "what a cat she is!"
subtype: #Cinderella.woman__cinderella a woman whose merits were not been recognized but who then achieves sudden success and recognition
subtype: #coquette__flirt__vamp__vamper__minx__tease__prickteaser a seductive woman who uses her sex appeal to exploit men
subtype: #madam__dame__ma'am__lady__gentlewoman a woman of refinement
subtype: #grande_dame a woman of great prestige or ability
subtype: #madame title used for a married Frenchwoman
subtype: #debutante__deb a young woman making her debut into society
subtype: #divorcee__grass_widow__grasswidow a divorced woman or a woman who is separated from her husband
instance: #Wallis_Warfield_Simpson__Simpson__Mrs._Simpson__Wallis_Warfield_Windsor__Duchess_of_Windsor
subtype: #exwife__ex a woman who was formerly a particular man's wife; "all his exes live in Texas"
subtype: #dominatrix a dominating woman (especially one who plays that role in a sadomasochistic sexual relationship)
subtype: #donna an Italian woman of rank
subtype: #temptress__temptres__enchantres__Delilah__femme_fatale__femmefatale a woman who is considered to be dangerously seductive
subtype: #eyeful.woman a strikingly beautiful woman; "she was a statuesque redheaded eyeful"
subtype: #geisha_girl__geisha a Japanese woman trained to entertain men with conversation and singing and dancing
subtype: #missy__girl__miss__young_lady__younglady__young_woman__youngwoman__fille a young woman; "a young lady of 18"
subtype: #baby.missy__sister (slang) sometimes used as a term of address for attractive young women
subtype: #bachelor_girl an unmarried girl who lives alone
subtype: #belle a young woman who is the most charming and beautiful of several rivals; "she was the belle of the ball"
subtype: #bimbo a young woman indulged by rich and powerful older men
subtype: #colleen an Irish girl
subtype: #dame__doll__wench__skirt__chick__bird informal terms for a (young) woman
subtype: #flapper a young woman in the 1920s who flaunted her unconventional conduct and dress
subtype: #gal (informal) alliterative term for girl (or woman)
subtype: #Gibson_girl the idealized American girl of the 1890s as pictured by C. D. Gibson
subtype: #lass__lassie__young_girl__younggirl__jeune_fille__jeunefille a girl or young woman who is unmarried
subtype: #bobbysoxer__bobbysocker an adolescent girl wearing bobby socks (common in the 1940s)
subtype: #maiden__maid an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)
subtype: #damsel__demoiselle__damoiselle__damosel__damozel a young unmarried woman
instance: #Io.maiden__io
subtype: #May_queen__queen_of_the_May the girl chosen queen of a May Day festival
subtype: #mill-girl a girl who works in a mill
subtype: #party_girl__partygirl an attractive young woman hired to attend parties and entertain men
subtype: #peri.missy a beautiful and graceful girl
subtype: #rosebud.missy (a literary reference to) a pretty young girl
subtype: #shop_girl a young female shop assistant
subtype: #soubrette.missy a pert or flirtatious young girl
subtype: #sweater_girl__sweatergirl a girl with an attractive bust who wears tight sweaters
subtype: #tomboy__romp__hoyden a girl who behaves in a boyish manner
subtype: #working_girl__workinggirl a young woman who is employed
subtype: #girl a friendly informal reference to a grown woman; "Mrs. Smith was just one of the girls"
subtype: #lady_friend__girlfriend__girl a girl or young woman with whom a man is romantically involved; "his girlfriend kicked him out"
subtype: #girlfriend any female friend; "Mary and her girlfriend organized the party"
subtype: #gold_digger a woman who associates with or marries a rich man in order to get valuables from him through gifts or a divorce settlement
subtype: #gravida a pregnant woman
subtype: #primigravida__gravida_I (obstetrics) a woman who is pregnant for the first time
subtype: #secundigravida__gravida_II a woman who is pregnant for the second time
subtype: #tertigravida__gravida_III a woman who is pregnant for the third time
subtype: #heroine.woman a woman possessing heroic qualities
subtype: #Judith (Apocrypha) Jewish heroine in one of the books of the Apocrypha; she saved her people by decapitating the Assyrian general Holofernes
subtype: #inamorata a woman with whom you are in love or have an intimate relationship
subtype: #jezebel a shameless impudent scheming woman
subtype: #jilt a woman who jilts a lover
subtype: #lady a polite name for any woman
subtype: #begum a Muslim woman of high rank in India or Pakistan
subtype: #maenad.woman an unnaturally frenzied or distraught woman
subtype: #head_nurse__matron a woman in charge of nursing in a medical institution
subtype: #mestiza a woman of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)
subtype: #kept_woman__mistress__fancy_woman__fancywoman an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man
subtype: #concubine__courtesan__doxy__odalisque__paramour a woman who cohabits with an important man
instance: #Eva_Braun__Braun #Delilah
subtype: #nanny__nursemaid__nurse a woman who is the custodian of children
subtype: #dry_nurse__drynurse a nurse who cares for but does not suckle an infant
subtype: #mammy an offensive term for a Black nursemaid in the southern U.S.
subtype: #wet_nurse__wetnurse__amah a woman hired to suckle a child of someone else
subtype: #nullipara (obstetrics) a woman who has never give birth to a child
subtype: #nymph.woman__houri a voluptuously beautiful young woman
subtype: #nymphet a sexually attractive young woman
subtype: #old_woman__oldwoman a woman who is old
subtype: #beldam__beldame a woman of advanced age
subtype: #granny__matriarch an old woman
subtype: #hag__beldame__crone an ugly evil-looking old woman
subtype: #mother.old_woman a term of address for an elderly woman
subtype: #prostitute__cocotte__whore__harlot__trollop__bawd__tart__cyprian__fancy_woman__fancywoman__working_girl__workinggirl__sporting_lady__lady_of_pleasure__woman_of_the_street a woman who engages in sexual intercourse for money
subtype: #call_girl a female prostitute who can be hired by telephone
subtype: #camp_follower.prostitute__campfollower a prostitute who provides service to military personnel
subtype: #demimondaine a woman whose sexual promiscuity places her outside respectable society
subtype: #streetwalker__street_girl__hooker__hustler__floozy__floozie__slattern a prostitute who attracts customers by walking the streets
subtype: #white_slave__whiteslave a woman sold into prostitution
subtype: #shiksa__shikse a derogatory term used by Jews to refer to non-Jewish women
subtype: #knockout__smasher__stunner__ravisher__sweetheart__peach__lulu__looker__mantrap__dish a very attractive or seductive looking woman
subtype: #sylph.woman a slender graceful young woman
subtype: #unmarried_woman__unmarriedwoman a woman who is not married
subtype: #Senorita a Spanish courtesy title for a girl or unmarried woman
subtype: #signorina an Italian courtesy title for an unmarried woman; equivalent to Miss with used before a name
subtype: #spinster__old_maid__oldmaid an elderly unmarried woman
subtype: #vestal a chaste woman
subtype: #widow_woman__widowwoman__widow a woman whose husband is dead especially one who has not remarried
subtype: #dowager a widow holding property received from her deceased husband
subtype: #war_widow__warwidow a woman whose husband has died in war
subtype: #wife__married_woman__marriedwoman a married woman; a man's partner in marriage
subtype: #battle-axe__battle-ax a sharp-tongued domineering wife
subtype: #crown_princess.wife the wife of a crown prince
subtype: #first_lady__firstlady the wife of a chief executive
subtype: #Frau a married German woman; used as a title equivalent to Mrs. in English
subtype: #golf_widow a wife who is left alone much of the time because her husband is playing golf
subtype: #housewife__homemaker__lady_of_the_house__woman_of_the_house a wife who who manages a household while her husband earns the family income
subtype: #marchioness the wife or widow of a marquis
subtype: #matron a married woman (usually middle-aged with children) who is staid and dignified
subtype: #mayoress.wife the wife of a mayor
subtype: #missus__missis informal term of address for someone's wife
subtype: #old_lady__oldlady your own wife; "meet my old lady"
subtype: #Senora a Spanish title of respect for a married woman
subtype: #sheika__sheikha the wife of a sheik
subtype: #signora an Italian title of address equivalent to Mrs. when used before a name
subtype: #uxor__ux (legal terminology) the Latin word for wife
subtype: #vicereine wife of a viceroy
subtype: #viscountess.wife__viscountes a wife or widow of a viscount
subtype: #Mrs a form of address for a married woman
instance: #Catherine_of_Aragon__Catherine #Anne_Hathaway__Hathaway #Rachel #Rebecca__Rebekah #Ruth.wife__ruth #Sarah
subtype: #Ms. a form of address for a woman that does not depend on her marital status
subtype: #wonder_woman a woman who can be a successful wife and have a professional career at the same time
instance: #Eve
subtype: #man's_woman__woman (informal) a female person who plays a significant role (wife or mistress or girlfriend) in the life of a particular man; "he was faithful to his woman"
subtype: #male an animal that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that can fertilize female gametes (ova)
subtype: #sire male parent of an animal especially a domestic animal such as a horse
subtype: #male_horse the male of species Equus caballus
subtype: #stallion__entire uncastrated adult male horse
subtype: #studhorse__stud adult male horse kept for breeding
subtype: #gelding castrated male horse
subtype: #male_person__male a person who belongs to the sex that cannot have babies
subtype: #feller__chap__fellow__lad__gent__fella__blighter__cuss a boy or man; "that chap is your host"; "there's a fellow at the door"; "he's a likable cuss"
subtype: #foster-brother your foster brother is a male who is not a son of your parents but who is raised by your parents
subtype: #male_child__boy a youthful male person; "the baby was a boy"; "she made the boy brush his teeth every night"; "most soldiers are only boys in uniform"
subtype: #altar_boy__altarboy a boy serving as an acolyte
subtype: #ball_boy a boy who retrieves balls for tennis players
subtype: #bat_boy__batboy (baseball) a boy who takes care of bats and other baseball equipment
subtype: #cub__lad__laddie__sonny__sonny_boy__sonnyboy a male child (a familiar term of address to a boy)
subtype: #boy_scout__boyscout a boy who is a member of the Boy Scouts
subtype: #cub_scout__cubscout a junior boy scout
subtype: #eagle_scout__eaglescout a boy scout who has earned many merit badges
subtype: #rover__scouter an adult member of the Boy Scouts movement
subtype: #sea_scout__seascout a boy scout enrolled in programs for water activities
subtype: #farm_boy a boy who has grown up on a farm
subtype: #Little_Lord_Fauntleroy__Fauntleroy an excessively polite and well-dressed boy
subtype: #plowboy__ploughboy a boy who leads the animals that draw a plow
subtype: #schoolboy a boy attending school
subtype: #shop_boy a young male shop assistant
subtype: #adult_man__adultman__adult_male__adultmale__man an adult male person (as opposed to a woman); "there were two women and six men on the bus"
subtype: #Black_man a man who is Black
subtype: #soul_brother a fellow Black man
subtype: #white_man__whiteman a man who is White
subtype: #squaw_man__squawman a white man married to a North American Indian woman
subtype: #yellow_man offensive term for an Oriental man
subtype: #babu__baboo used as a Hindi courtesy title; equivalent to English `Mr'
subtype: #bachelor__unmarried_man__unmarriedman a man who has never been married
subtype: #bey.adult_male (formerly) a title of respect for a man in Turkey or Egypt; "he introduced me to Ahmet Bey"
subtype: #boy a friendly informal reference to a grown man; "he likes to play golf with the boys"
subtype: #broth_of_a_boy__broth_of_a_man an outstanding person; as if produced by boiling down a savory broth
subtype: #one_of_the_boys a man who has been socially accepted into a group of other men; "he quickly became one of the boys"
subtype: #boyfriend__fellow__beau__swain__young_man__youngman a man who is the lover of a girl or young woman; "if I'd known he was her boyfriend I wouldn't have asked"
subtype: #exboyfriend a man who is no longer a woman's boyfriend
subtype: #bruiser__strapper__Samson a large and strong and heavyset man; "he was a bull of a man"; "a thick-skinned bruiser ready to give as good as he got"
subtype: #dandy__dude__fop__sheik__swell__fashion_plate__fashionplate__clotheshorse a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance
subtype: #coxcomb a conceited dandy who is overly impressed by his own accomplishments
instance: #George_Bryan_Brummell__Brummell__Beau_Brummell
subtype: #Don a Spanish title of respect for a gentleman or nobleman
subtype: #ejaculator.adult_male a man who ejaculates semen
subtype: #Esquire__Esq (British) a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name
subtype: #eunuch__castrate a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction; "eunuchs guarded the harem"
subtype: #father_figure__father_surrogate a man who takes over all the functions of the real father
subtype: #foster-father a man who is a foster parent
subtype: #stepfather the husband of your mother by a subsequent marriage
subtype: #father-figure a man (often a powerful or influential man) who arouses emotions usually felt for your real father and with whom you identify psychologically
subtype: #fellow__buster an informal form of address for a man; "Say, fellow, what are you doing?"; "Hey buster, what's up?"
subtype: #galoot a disreputable or clumsy man
subtype: #geezer__bloke (informal) a man who is (usually) old and/or eccentric
subtype: #gentleman a man of refinement
subtype: #gent informal abbreviation of `gentleman'
subtype: #gentleman-at-arms one of 40 gentlemen who attend the British sovereign on state occasions
subtype: #grass_widower__grasswidower__divorced_man a man who is divorced from (or separated from) his wife
subtype: #guy__hombre__bozo an informal term for a youth or man; "a nice guy"; "the guy's only doing it for some doll"
subtype: #sod (British) "the poor sod couldn't even buy a drink"
subtype: #Herr a German man; used before the name as a title equivalent to Mr in English
subtype: #housefather a man in charge of children in an institution
subtype: #hunk a well-built sexually attractive man
subtype: #ex-husband__ex a man who was formerly a certain woman's husband
subtype: #inamorato a man with whom you are in love or have an intimate relationship
subtype: #ironside a man of great strength or bravery
subtype: #junior.adult_male the younger of two men
subtype: #adonis any handsome young man
subtype: #middle-aged_man a man who is roughly between 45 and 65 years old
subtype: #dirty_old_man__dirtyoldman a middle-aged man with lecherous inclinations
subtype: #mister__Mr a form of address for a man
subtype: #Monsieur used as a French courtesy title; equivalent to English `Mr'
subtype: #old_boy.adult_male__oldboy__old_man a familiar term of address for a man
subtype: #greybeard__old_man__graybeard__Methuselah a man who is very old
subtype: #old_codger__oldcodger__codger used affectionately to refer to an eccentric but amusing old man
subtype: #patriarch.greybeard a man who is older and higher in rank than yourself
subtype: #mossback__old-timer__oldtimer__gaffer__old_geezer__oldgeezer__antique an elderly man
subtype: #Peter_Pan.adult_male__peterpan a boyish or immature man; after the boy in Barrie's play who never grows up
subtype: #posseman an able-bodied man serving as a member of a posse
subtype: #Senhor a Portuguese title of respect; equivalent to English `Mr'
subtype: #Senor a Spanish title of respect for a man; equivalent to English `Mr'
subtype: #shaver an adult male who shaves
subtype: #signor__signior used as an Italian courtesy title; can be prefixed to the name or used separately
subtype: #signore an Italian title of respect for a man; equivalent to the English "sir"; used separately (not prefixed to his name)
subtype: #sir term of address for a man
subtype: #stiff an ordinary man; "a lucky stiff"; "a working stiff"
subtype: #he-man__stud__macho-man__machoman a man who is virile and sexually active
subtype: #Tarzan (sometimes used ironically) a man of great strength and agility (after the hero of a series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs)
subtype: #widower__widowman a man whose wife is dead especially one who has not remarried
subtype: #womanizer__womaniser__philanderer a man who likes many women and has short sexual relationships with them
subtype: #Casanova any man noted for his amorous adventures
subtype: #Don_Juan a successful womanizer (after the legendary profligate Spanish nobleman)
subtype: #Lothario a successful womanizer (after a fictional seducer)
subtype: #woman_chaser__womanchaser__wolf__skirt_chaser__skirtchaser__masher a man who is aggressive in making amorous advances to women
subtype: #wonder_boy__golden_boy a man who is unusually successful at an early age
instance: #Adam #Cain #Abel #Seth
subtype: #man.lover (informal) a male person who plays a significant role (husband or lover or boyfriend) in the life of a particular woman; "she takes good care of her man"
subtype: #man.male_person an adult male person who has a manly character (virile and courageous competent); "the army will make a man of you"
subtype: #mother's_son a male person; "every mother's son who could walk was there"
subtype: #sirrah formerly a contemptuous term of address to an inferior man or boy; often used in anger
instance: spamOnly@phmartin.info (pm) p.eklund@gu.edu.au (pm) peter.deer@dsto.defence.gov.au (pm) r.cole@gu.edu.au (pm) t.tilley@gu.edu.au (pm) daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au (pm)
subtype: #adult any mature animal
subtype: #offspring__young any immature animal
subtype: #hatchling any recently hatched animal (especially birds)
subtype: #young_mammal__youngmammal any immature mammal
subtype: #baby.young_mammal a very young mammal: "baby rabbits"
subtype: #whelp__pup young of any of various canines such as a dog or wolf
subtype: #puppy young dog
subtype: #wolf_pup__wolf_cub a young wolf
subtype: #young_carnivore__youngcarnivore__cub the young of certain carnivorous mammals such as the bear or wolf or lion
subtype: #lion_cub a young lion
subtype: #bear_cub a young bear
subtype: #tiger_cub__tigercub a young tiger
subtype: #kit.young_mammal young of any of various fur-bearing animals: "a fox kit"
subtype: #suckling a young mammal that has not been weaned
subtype: #calf young of domestic cattle
subtype: #dogie__leppy motherless calf in a range herd of cattle
subtype: #maverick unbranded range animal especially a stray calf
subtype: #calf.young_mammal young of various large placental mammals e.g. whale or giraffe or elephant or buffalo
subtype: #kitten__kitty young domestic cat
subtype: #foal a young horse
subtype: #filly a young female horse under the age of four
subtype: #colt a young male horse under the age of four
subtype: #ridgeling__ridgling__ridgel__ridgil a colt with undescended testicles
subtype: #piglet__piggy__shoat a young pig
subtype: #sucking_pig__suckingpig an unweaned piglet
subtype: #lamb young sheep
subtype: #lambkin a very young lamb
subtype: #baa-lamb__baalamb child's word for a sheep or lamb
subtype: #hogget__hog a sheep up to the age of one year; one yet to be sheared
subtype: #teg two-year-old sheep
subtype: #Persian_lamb a karakul lamb
subtype: #young_bird__youngbird a bird that is still young
subtype: #fledgling__fledgeling young bird that has just fledged or become capable of flying
subtype: #baby_bird__nestling young bird not yet fledged
subtype: #eaglet a young eagle
subtype: #chick__biddy young bird especially of domestic fowl
subtype: #cygnet a young swan
subtype: #spat a young oyster or other bivalve
subtype: #young_fish__youngfish a fish that is young
subtype: #parr the young of various fishes
subtype: #whitebait the edible young of especially herrings and sprats and smelts
subtype: #britt__brit the young of a herring or sprat or similar fish
subtype: #parr.young_fish a young salmon up to 2 years old
subtype: #purebred__thoroughbred__pureblood a pedigreed animal of unmixed lineage; used especially of horses
subtype: #giant.animal any creature of exceptional size
subtype: #dead_animal an animal that is no longer alive
subtype: #survivor an animal that survives in spite of adversity; "only the fittest animals were survivors of the cold winters"
subtype: #mutant an animal that has undergone mutation
subtype: #herbivore any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants: "horses are herbivores"; "the sauropod dinosaurs were apparently herbivores"
subtype: #insectivore.animal any organism that feeds mainly on insects
subtype: #acrodont an animal having teeth consolidated with the summit of the alveolar ridge without sockets
subtype: #pleurodont an animal having teeth consolidate with the inner surface of the alveolar ridge without sockets
subtype: #zooplankton animal constituent of plankton; mainly small crustaceans and fish larvae
subtype: #conceptus__conceptu__embryo__fertilized_egg an animal organism in the early stages of growth and differentiation that in higher forms merge into fetal stages but in lower forms terminate in commencement of larval life
subtype: #blastula__blastodermic_vesicle early stage of an embryo produced by cleavage of an ovum; a liquid-filled sphere whose wall is composed of a single layer of cells; during this stage (about eight days after fertilization) implantation in the wall of the uterus occurs
subtype: #blastosphere__blastocyst the blastula of mammals
subtype: #gastrula double-walled stage of the embryo succeeding the blastula; the outer layer of cells is the ectoderm and the inner layer differentiates into the mesoderm and endoderm
subtype: #morula a solid mass of blastomeres that forms when the zygote splits; develops into the blastula
subtype: #chordate any animal of the phylum Chordata having a notochord or spinal column
subtype: #cephalochordate fishlike animals having a notochord rather than a true spinal column
subtype: #lancelet__amphioxus__amphioxu small translucent lancet-shaped burrowing marine animal; primitive forerunner of the vertebrates
subtype: #tunicate__urochordate__urochord primitive marine animal having a saclike unsegmented body and a urochord (a notochord) conspicuous in the larva
subtype: #ascidian minute sedentary marine invertebrate having a saclike body with siphons through which water enters and leaves
subtype: #sea_squirt__seasquirt ascidian that can contract its body and eject streams of water
subtype: #salp__salpa minute floating marine tunicate having a transparent body with an opening at each end
subtype: #doliolum free-swimming oceanic tunicate with a barrel-shaped transparent body
subtype: #larvacean any member of the class Larvacea
subtype: #appendicularia free-swimming tadpole-shaped pelagic tunicate resembling larvae of other tunicates
subtype: #vertebrate__craniate animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
subtype: #fetus__fetu__foetus an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
subtype: #teras__tera__monster (medicine) a grossly malformed and usually nonviable fetus
subtype: #abortus__abortu a human fetus whose weight is less than 0.5 kilogram when removed or expelled from the mother's body
subtype: #Amniota higher vertebrates (reptiles; birds; mammals) possessing an amnion during development
subtype: #amniote any member of the Amniota
subtype: #aquatic_vertebrate__aquaticvertebrate animal living wholly or chiefly in or on water
subtype: #jawless_vertebrate__jawlessvertebrate__jawless_fish__jawlessfish__agnathan eel-shaped vertebrate without jaws or paired appendages including the cyclostomes and some extinct forms
subtype: #ostracoderm extinct fishlike jawless vertebrate having a heavily armored body; of the Paleozoic
subtype: #heterostracan extinct jawless fish with the anterior part of the body covered with bony plates; of the Silurian and Devonian
subtype: #osteostracan__cephalaspid extinct jawless fish of the Devonian with armored head
subtype: #anaspid extinct small freshwater jawless fish usually having a heterocercal tail and an armored head; of the Silurian and Devonian
subtype: #conodont small (2 in) extinct eellike fish with a finned tail and a notochord and having cone-shaped teeth containing cellular bone; late Cambrian to late Triassic; possible predecessor of the cyclostomes
subtype: #cyclostome primitive aquatic vertebrate
subtype: #lamprey_eel__lampreyeel__lamprey__lamper_eel primitive eellike freshwater or anadromous cyclostome having round sucking mouth with a rasping tongue
subtype: #sea_lamprey__sealamprey__Petromyzon_marinus large anadromous lamprey sometimes used as food; destructive of native fish fauna in the Great Lakes
subtype: #hagfish__slime_eels eellike cyclostome having a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles; feeds on dead or trapped fishes by boring into their bodies
subtype: #Myxine_glutinosa typical hagfish
subtype: #eptatretus a fossil hagfish of the genus Eptatretus
subtype: #Myxinikela_siroka fossil hagfish of the Pennsylvanian period (c. 300 million years ago) that resembled modern hagfishes
subtype: #placoderm fishlike vertebrate with bony plates on head and upper body; dominant in seas and rivers during the Devonian; considered the earliest vertebrate with jaws
subtype: #fish any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills
subtype: #cartilaginous_fish__cartilaginousfish__chondrichthian fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified
subtype: #holocephalan fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail
subtype: #chimaera smooth-skinned deep-sea fish with a tapering body and long threadlike tail
subtype: #rabbitfish__Chimaera_monstrosa large European chimaera
subtype: #elasmobranch__selachian any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
subtype: #shark any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales
subtype: #cow_shark__cowshark__six-gilled_shark__Hexanchus_griseus large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: #mackerel_shark fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks
subtype: #porbeagle__Lamna_nasus voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #mako_shark__mako powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #shortfin_mako__Isurus_oxyrhincus very swift active bluish shark found worldwide in warm waters; important game fish
subtype: #longfin_mako__longfinmako__Isurus_paucus similar to shortfin mako but darker blue
subtype: #bonito_shark__blue_pointed__Isurus_glaucus common blue-gray shark of southwest Pacific; sport and food fish
subtype: #great_white_shark__greatwhiteshark__white_shark__whiteshark__man-eater__maneater__man-eating_shark__Carcharodon_carcharias large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans
subtype: #basking_shark__baskingshark__Cetorhinus_maximus large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface
subtype: #thresher_shark__thresher__thrasher__fox_shark__foxshark__Alopius_vulpinus large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed
subtype: #carpet_shark__Orectolobus_barbatus shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin
subtype: #nurse_shark__Ginglymostoma_cirratum small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia
subtype: #sand_tiger__sand_shark__Carcharias_taurus__Odontaspis_taurus shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers
subtype: #whale_shark__whaleshark__Rhincodon_typus large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton
subtype: #cat_shark__catshark small bottom-dwelling sharks with catlike eyes; found along continental slopes
subtype: #requiem_shark__requiemshark any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species
subtype: #bull_shark__cub_shark__cubshark__Carcharhinus_leucas a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous
subtype: #sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_plumbeus most common gray shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen
subtype: #blacktip_shark__sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_limbatus widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink
subtype: #oceanic_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__white-tipped_shark__Carcharinus_longimanus large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark
subtype: #dusky_shark__duskyshark__Carcharhinus_obscurus relatively slender blue-gray shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
subtype: #lemon_shark__Negaprion_brevirostris common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous
subtype: #great_blue_shark__blue_shark__Prionace_glauca slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters
subtype: #tiger_shark__Galeocerdo_cuvieri large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body
subtype: #soupfin_shark__soupfinshark__soupfin__Galeorhinus_zyopterus Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)
subtype: #dogfish any of several small sharks
subtype: #smooth_dogfish small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts
subtype: #smoothhound_shark__smoothhoundshark__smoothhound__Mustelus_mustelus smooth dogfish of European coastal waters
subtype: #American_smooth_dogfish__Mustelus_canis found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
subtype: #Florida_smoothhound__Mustelus_norrisi found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: #reef_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__Triaenodon_obseus smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins
subtype: #spiny_dogfish__spinydogfish small bottom-dwelling dogfishes
subtype: #Atlantic_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_acanthias destructive dogfish of American and European Atlantic coastal waters; widely used in anatomy classes
subtype: #Pacific_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_suckleyi dogfish of Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #hammerhead_shark__hammerhead medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous
subtype: #smooth_hammerhead__Sphyrna_zygaena fished for the hides and vitamin-rich liver
subtype: #smalleye_hammerhead__Sphyrna_tudes fished for the hide and vitamin-rich liver
subtype: #shovelhead__bonnethead__bonnet_shark__Sphyrna_tiburo small harmless hammerhead having a spade-shaped head; abundant in bays and estuaries
subtype: #angel_shark__angelshark__angelfish__Squatina_squatina__monkfish sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do
subtype: #ray cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins
subtype: #electric_ray__crampfish__numbfish__torpedo any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
subtype: #sawfish primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout
subtype: #smalltooth_sawfish__Pristis_pectinatus commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
subtype: #guitarfish primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body
subtype: #stingray large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds
subtype: #roughtail_stingray__roughtailstingray__Dasyatis_centroura one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
subtype: #butterfly_ray__butterflyray short-tailed broad-finned stingray
subtype: #eagle_ray__eagleray powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays
subtype: #spotted_eagle_ray__spottedeagleray__spotted_ray__spottedray__Aetobatus_narinari ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: #cownose_ray__cownoseray__cow-nosed_ray__cownosedray__Rhinoptera_bonasus large ray found along eastern coast of North America
subtype: #manta_ray__mantaray__manta__devilfish extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
subtype: #Atlantic_manta__Manta_birostris largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
subtype: #devil_ray__devilray__Mobula_hypostoma small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
subtype: #skate large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins
subtype: #gray_skate__Raja_batis common European skate used as food
subtype: #little_skate__Raja_erinacea most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
subtype: #thorny_skate__Raja_radiata cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
subtype: #barndoor_skate__Raja_laevis one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook
subtype: #game_fish any fish providing sport for the angler
subtype: #food_fish any fish used for food by human beings
subtype: #groundfish__bottom_fish fish that live on the sea bottom especially commercially important gadoid fishes like cod and haddock or flatfish like flounder
subtype: #shad herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn
subtype: #common_American_shad__Alosa_sapidissima shad of Atlantic coast of North America; naturalized to Pacific coast
subtype: #river_shad__rivershad__alosachrysoclori shad that spawns in streams of the Mississippi drainage; very similar to Alosa sapidissima
subtype: #allice_shad__allis_shad__allisshad__allice__allis__alli__Alosa_alosa European shad
subtype: #Clupea_harangus__herring commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #Atlantic_herring__Clupea_harengus_harengus important food fish; found in enormous shoals in North Atlantic
subtype: #Pacific_herring__Clupea_harengus_pallasii important food fish of the north Pacific
subtype: #sardine any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned
subtype: #sild any of various young herrings (other than brislings) canned as sardines in Norway
subtype: #Clupea_sprattus__brisling__sprat small herring processed like a sardine
subtype: #salmon any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
subtype: #blackfish female salmon that has recently spawned
subtype: #redfish male salmon that has recently spawned
subtype: #Salmo_salar__Atlantic_salmon found in northern coastal Atlantic waters or tributaries; adults do not die after spawning
subtype: #landlocked_salmon__lake_salmon Atlantic salmon confined to lakes of New England and southeastern Canada
subtype: #blueback_salmon__sockeye__sockeyesalmon__redsalmon__Onchorynchus_nerka small salmon with red flesh; found in rivers and tributaries of the north Pacific and valued as food; adults die after spawning
subtype: #quinnat_salmon__quinnatsalmon__chinook__chinooksalmon__king_salmon__Onchorynchus_tshawtscha large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning
subtype: #blue_jack__coho__cohoe__coho_salmon__silver_salmon__Onchorynchus_kisutch small salmon of north Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes
subtype: #trout any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons
subtype: #brown_trout__browntrout__salmon_trout__Salmo_trutta speckled trout of European rivers; introduced in North America
subtype: #sea_trout__seatrout silvery marine variety of brown trout that migrates to fresh water to spawn
subtype: #Salmo_gairdneri__rainbow_trout__rainbowtrout found in Pacific coastal waters and streams from lower California to Alaska
subtype: #Salvelinus_namaycush__lake_trout__salmon_trout large fork-tailed trout of lakes of Canada and the northern United States
subtype: #Salvelinus_fontinalis__brook_trout__speckled_trout North American freshwater trout; introduced in Europe
subtype: #whitefish silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #lake_whitefish__Coregonus_clupeaformis found in Great Lakes and north to Alaska
subtype: #Coregonus_artedi__cisco__lake_herring important food fish of cold deep lakes of North America
subtype: #round_whitefish__Menominee_whitefish__Prosopium_cylindraceum bronze-backed whitefish of northern North America and Siberia
subtype: #Rocky_Mountain_whitefish__Prosopium_williamsonii whitefish of the western United States and Canada
subtype: #sea_bass any of various food and sport fishes of the United States Atlantic coast having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
subtype: #blackmouth_bass__Synagrops_bellus small marine fish with black mouth and gill cavity
subtype: #rock_sea_bass__rock_bass__Centropristis_philadelphica a kind of sea bass
subtype: #black_sea_bass__black_bass__Centropistes_striata bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States
subtype: #Roccus_saxatilis__striped_bass__striper__rockfish marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone
subtype: #stone_bass__wreckfish__Polyprion_americanus brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks
subtype: #belted_sandfish__Serranus_subligarius found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic
subtype: #grouper usually solitary bottom sea basses of warm seas
subtype: #Epinephelus_fulvus__coney black-spotted usually dusky-colored fish with reddish fins
subtype: #hind.grouper any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers
subtype: #rock_hind__Epinephelus_adscensionis found around rocky coasts or on reefs
subtype: #creole-fish__Paranthias_furcifer deep-sea fish of tropical Atlantic
subtype: #jewfish__mycteropercabonaci large dark grouper with a thick head and rough scales
subtype: #snapper any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
subtype: #Lutjanus_blackfordi__red_snapper esteemed food fish with pinkish red head and body; common in American Atlantic coastal waters and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #gray_snapper__mangrove_snapper__Lutjanus_griseus found in shallow waters off the coast of Florida
subtype: #mutton_snapper__muttonfish__Lutjanus_analis similar to and often marketed as "red snapper"
subtype: #Lutjanus_apodus__schoolmaster food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters
subtype: #yellowtail_snapper__yellowtail__Ocyurus_chrysurus superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail
subtype: #tuna__tunny any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters
subtype: #long-fin_tunny__albacore__Thunnus_alalunga large pelagic tuna the source of most canned tuna; reaches 93 pounds and has long pectoral fins; found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
subtype: #horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__bluefin__bluefin_tuna__bluefintuna__Thunnus_thynnus largest tuna; to 1500 pounds; of mostly temperate seas: feed in polar regions but breed in tropics
subtype: #yellowfin_tuna__yellowfintuna__yellowfin__Thunnus_albacares may reach 400 pounds; worldwide in tropics
subtype: #sole.flatfish right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
subtype: #European_sole__Solea_solea highly valued as food
subtype: #Solea_lascaris__lemon_sole__lemonsole small European sole
subtype: #Parophrys_vitulus__English_sole__lemon_sole__lemonsole popular pale brown food flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #sand_sole__Psettichthys_melanostichus common flatfish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: #hogchoker__Trinectes_maculatus useless as food; in coastal streams from Maine to Texas and Panama
subtype: #rough_fish__roughfish any fish useless for food or sport or even as bait
subtype: #mouthbreeder any of various fishes that carry their eggs and their young in their mouths
subtype: #spawner a female fish at spawning time
subtype: #bony_fish any fish of the class Osteichthyes
subtype: #crossopterygian__lobefin__lobe-finned_fish any fish of the order Crossopterygii; most known only in fossil form
subtype: #coelacanth__Latimeria_chalumnae fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous Period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa
subtype: #lungfish air-breathing fish having an elongated body and fleshy paired fins; certain species construct mucus-lined mud coverings in which to survive drought
subtype: #ceratodus extinct lungfish
subtype: #barramunda__barramundi__Neoceratodus_forsteri large edible Australian lungfish having paddle-shaped fins
subtype: #teleost_fish__teleostfish__teleost__teleostan a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei
subtype: #soft-finned_fish__malacopterygian any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii
subtype: #order_Ostariophysi__Ostariophysi in some classifications considered a superorder comprising the Cypriniformes and the Siluriformes
subtype: #cypriniform_fish__cypriniformfish a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes
subtype: #loach slender freshwater fishes of Eurasia and Africa resembling catfishes
subtype: #cyprinid_fish__cyprinid soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales
subtype: #carp any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae
subtype: #domestic_carp__Cyprinus_carpio large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest
subtype: #leather_carp__leathercarp scaleless domestic carp
subtype: #mirror_carp domestic carp with some large large shining scales
subtype: #tench__Tinca_tinca freshwater dace-like game fish of Europe and western Asia noted for ability to survive outside water
subtype: #dace__Leuciscus_leuciscus small European freshwater fish with a slender bluish-green body
subtype: #chub__Leuciscus_cephalus European freshwater game fish with a thick spindle-shaped body
subtype: #shiner any of numerous small silvery North American cyprinid fishes especially of the genus Notropis
subtype: #emerald_shiner__emeraldshiner__Notropis_atherinoides small blunt-nosed fish of Great Lakes and Mississippi valley with a greenish luster
subtype: #common_shiner__silversides__Notropis_cornutus the common North American shiner
subtype: #golden_shiner__Notemigonus_crysoleucas shiner of eastern North America having golden glints; sometimes also called `bream'
subtype: #Rutilus_rutilus__roach European freshwater food fish having a greenish back
subtype: #rudd__Scardinius_erythrophthalmus European freshwater fish resembling the roach
subtype: #minnow__Phoxinus_phoxinus very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams
subtype: #gudgeon__gobiogobio small slender European freshwater fish often used as bait by anglers
subtype: #goldfish__Carassius_auratus small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes
subtype: #silverfish a silvery variety of Carassius auratus
subtype: #crucian_carp__cruciancarp__Carassius_carassius__Carassius_vulgaris European carp closely resembling wild goldfish
subtype: #electric_eel__Electrophorus_electric eel-shaped freshwater fish of South America having electric organs in its body
subtype: #catostomid a cypriniform fish of the family Catostomidae
subtype: #sucker mostly North American freshwater fishes with a thick-lipped mouth for feeding by suction; related to carps
subtype: #buffalo_fish__buffalofish__buffalofish any of several large suckers of the Mississippi valley
subtype: #black_buffalo__blackbuffalo__Ictiobus_niger fish of the lower Mississippi
subtype: #hog_sucker__hogsucker__hog_molly__hogmolly__Hypentelium_nigricans widely distributed in warm clear shallow streams
subtype: #redhorse_sucker__redhorse North American sucker with reddish fins
subtype: #cyprinodont any member of the family Cyprinodontidae
subtype: #killifish small mostly marine warm-water carp-like schooling fishes; used as bait or aquarium fishes or in mosquito control
subtype: #mummichog__Fundulus_heteroclitus silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the United States Atlantic coast
subtype: #striped_killifish__stripedkillifish__mayfish__fundulusmajali black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of United States Atlantic and Gulf coasts
subtype: #rivulus__rivulu found in small streams of tropical America; often kept in aquariums; usually hermaphroditic
subtype: #American_flagfish__flagfish__Jordanella_floridae flagfish with a dark-blue back and whitish sides with red stripes; found in swamps and streams of Florida
subtype: #swordtail__helleri__Xyphophorus_helleri freshwater fish of Central America having a long swordlike tail; popular aquarium fish
subtype: #guppy__rainbow_fish__rainbowfish__Lebistes_reticulatus small freshwater fish of South America and West Indies; often kept in aquariums
subtype: #topminnow__poeciliid_fish__poeciliidfish__poeciliid__live-bearer small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control
subtype: #mosquitofish__Gambusia_affinis silvery topminnow with rows of black spots of tropical North America and West Indies; important in mosquito control
subtype: #platy__Platypoecilus_maculatus small stocky Mexican fish; popular aquarium fish
subtype: #mollie__molly popular aquarium fish
subtype: #characin_fish__characin__characid any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae
subtype: #tetra brightly colored tropical freshwater fishes
subtype: #cardinal_tetra__Paracheirodon_axelrodi small bright red and blue aquarium fish from streams in Brazil and Columbia
subtype: #piranha__pirana__caribe small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals
subtype: #siluriform_fish__catfish any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth
subtype: #silurid_fish__siluridfish__silurid Old World freshwater catfishes having naked skin and a long anal fin more or less merged with the eellike caudal fin
subtype: #European_catfish__sheatfish__Silurus_glanis large elongated catfish of central and eastern Europe
subtype: #electric_catfish__Malopterurus_electricus freshwater catfish of the Nile and tropical central Africa having an electric organ
subtype: #bullhead any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States
subtype: #horned_pout__hornpout__pout__Ameiurus_Melas catfish common in eastern United States
subtype: #brown_bullhead__brownbullhead freshwater catfish of eastern United States
subtype: #channel_catfish__channel_cat__Ictalurus_punctatus freshwater food fish common throughout central United States
subtype: #blue_catfish__blue_cat__blue_channel_catfish__blue_channel_cat a large catfish of the Mississippi valley
subtype: #flathead_catfish__mudcat__goujon__shovelnose_catfish__spoonbill_catfish__spoonbillcatfish__Pylodictus_olivaris large catfish of central United States having a flattened head and projecting jaw
subtype: #armored_catfish South American catfish having the body covered with bony plates
subtype: #sea_catfish any of numerous marine fishes most of which are mouthbreeders; not used for food
subtype: #crucifix_fish catfish of the Caribbean area
subtype: #gadoid_fish__gadoid a soft-finned fish of the family Gadidae
subtype: #cod__codfish major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters
subtype: #codling young codfish
subtype: #Atlantic_cod__Gadus_morhua one of the world's most important commercial fishes
subtype: #Pacific_cod__Alaska_cod__Gadus_macrocephalus closely related to Atlantic cod
subtype: #burbot__eelpout__ling__cusk__Lota_lota elongate freshwater cod of northern Europe and Asia and North America having barbels around its mouth
subtype: #scrod__schrod young Atlantic cod or haddock especially one split and boned for cooking
subtype: #Merlangus_merlangus__whiting__Gadus_merlangus a food fish of European Atlantic waters resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus
subtype: #Melanogrammus_aeglefinus__haddock important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic; related to cod but usually smaller
subtype: #Pollachius_pollachius__pollack important food and game fish of northern seas especially North Atlantic; related to cod
subtype: #hake any of several marine food fishes related to cod
subtype: #silver_hake__Merluccius_bilinearis__whiting found off Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: #ling American hakes
subtype: #Molva_molva__ling elongated marine food fish of Greenland and northern Europe; often salted and dried
subtype: #torsk__Brosme_brosme large edible marine fish of northern coastal waters; related to cod
subtype: #rattail__grenadier__rattail_fish__rattailfish deep-sea fish with a large head and body and long tapering tail
subtype: #eel voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins
subtype: #elver young eel
subtype: #common_eel__freshwater_eel eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to sea to spawn; found in Europe and America; marketed both fresh and smoked
subtype: #Anguilla_sucklandii__tuna New Zealand eel
subtype: #moray_eel__morayeel__moray family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked
subtype: #conger_eel__conger large somber-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food
subtype: #beaked_salmon__sandfish__Gonorhynchus_gonorhynchus fish of sandy areas of western Pacific and Indian oceans having an angular snout for burrowing into sand
subtype: #clupeid_fish__clupeidfish__clupeid any of numerous soft-finned schooling food fishes of shallow waters of northern seas
subtype: #shad herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn
subtype: #Alosa_pseudoharengus__alewife__Pomolobus_pseudoharengus shad-like food fish that runs rivers to spawn; often salted or smoked; sometimes placed in genus Pomolobus
subtype: #menhaden__Brevoortia_tyrannis shad-like North American marine fishes used for fish meal and oil and fertilizer
subtype: #Clupea_harangus__herring commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #sardine any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned
subtype: #Sardina_pilchardus__pilchard__sardine small fishes found in great schools along coasts of Europe; smaller and rounder than herring
subtype: #Pacific_sardine__Sardinops_caerulea small pilchards common off the pacific coast of North America
subtype: #anchovy small herring-like plankton-feeding fishes often canned whole or as paste; abundant in tropical waters worldwide
subtype: #mediterranean_anchovy__mediterraneananchovy__Engraulis_encrasicholus esteemed for its flavor; usually preserved or used for sauces and relishes
subtype: #salmonid soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters
subtype: #salmon any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
subtype: #trout any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons
subtype: #char any of several small-scaled trout
subtype: #Arctic_char__Salvelinus_alpinus small trout of northern waters; landlocked populations in Quebec and northern New England
subtype: #whitefish silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #smelt small trout-like silvery marine or freshwater food fishes of cold northern waters
subtype: #rainbow_smelt__rainbowsmelt__Osmerus_mordax important marine and landlocked food fish of eastern North America and Alaska
subtype: #Osmerus_eperlanus__sparling__European_smelt the common smelt of Europe
subtype: #capelin__capelan__caplin very small northern fish; forage for sea birds and marine mammals and other fishes
subtype: #tarpon__Tarpon_atlanticus large silvery game fish of warm Atlantic coastal waters especially off Florida
subtype: #ladyfish__tenpounder__Elops_saurus game fish resembling the tarpon but smaller
subtype: #bonefish__Albula_vulpes slender silvery marine fish found in tropical mud flats and mangrove lagoons
subtype: #argentine any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes
subtype: #lanternfish small fish having rows of luminous organs along each side; some surface at night
subtype: #lizardfish__snakefish tropical fishes with large mouths in lizard-like heads; found worldwide
subtype: #greeneye bottom-livers having large eyes with metallic green luster
subtype: #lancetfish__lancet_fish__wolffish large elongate scaleless oceanic fishes with sharp teeth and a long sail-like dorsal fin
subtype: #handsaw_fish__handsawfish a soft-finned fish of the genus Alepisaurus
subtype: #opah__moonfish__Lampris_regius large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean
subtype: #New_World_opah__Lampris_guttatus from Nova Scotia to West Indies and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #ribbonfish marine fish having a long compressed ribbon-like body
subtype: #dealfish__Trachipterus_arcticus deep-sea ribbonfish
subtype: #oarfish__king_of_the_herring__ribbonfish__Regalecus_glesne thin deep-water tropical fish 20 to 30 feet long having a red dorsal fin
subtype: #cornetfish slender tropical fish with a long tubular snout and bony plates instead of scales
subtype: #pipefish__needlefish fish with long tubular snout and slim body covered with bony plates
subtype: #dwarf_pipefish__dwarfpipefish__Syngnathus_hildebrandi small (4 inches) fish found off Florida gulf coast
subtype: #deepwater_pipefish__deepwaterpipefish__Cosmocampus_profundus 8 inches; from eastern Florida to western Caribbean
subtype: #seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse small fish with horselike heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position
subtype: #snipefish__bellows_fish__bellowsfish small bottom-dwelling fish of warm seas having a compressed body and a long snout with a toothless mouth
subtype: #shrimpfish slender tropical shallow-water East Indian fish covered with transparent plates
subtype: #trumpetfish__aulostomusmaculatu tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout; swims snout down
subtype: #needlefish__gar__billfish elongate European surface-dwelling predacious fishes with long toothed jaws; abundant in coastal waters
subtype: #timucu found in warm waters of western Atlantic
subtype: #flying_fish tropical marine fishes having enlarged winglike fins used for brief gliding flight
subtype: #monoplane_flying_fish__two-wing_flying_fish having only pectoral fins enlarged
subtype: #biplane_flying_fish__four-wing_flying_fish having both pectoral and pelvic fins enlarged
subtype: #halfbeak tropical and subtropical marine and freshwater fishes having an elongated body and long protruding lower jaw
subtype: #saury__billfish__Scomberesox_saurus slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters
subtype: #spiny-finned_fish__acanthopterygian a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays
subtype: #squirrelfish very small brightly colored (especially red) nocturnal fishes of shallow waters of tropical reefs; they make sounds like a squirrel's bark
subtype: #reef_squirrelfish__Holocentrus_coruscus on reefs from Bermuda and Florida to northern South America
subtype: #deepwater_squirrelfish__deepwatersquirrelfish__Holocentrus_bullisi a squirrelfish found from South Carolina to Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #Holocentrus_ascensionis bright red fish of West Indies and Bermuda
subtype: #soldierfish the larger squirrelfishes
subtype: #anomalops__anomalop__flashlight_fish fish having a luminous organ beneath eye; of warm waters of the western Pacific and Puerto Rico
subtype: #flashlight_fish__Photoblepharon_palpebratus fish of deep dark waters having a light organ below each eye
subtype: #dory marine fishes widely distributed in mid-waters and deep slope waters
subtype: #John_dory__Zeus_faber European dory
subtype: #Capros_aper__boarfish fish with a projecting snout
subtype: #boarfish fish with large eyes and long snouts
subtype: #stickleback__prickleback small (2-4 inches) pugnacious mostly scaleless spiny-backed fishes of northern fresh and littoral waters having elaborate courtship; subjects of much research
subtype: #three-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_aculeatus of rivers and coastal regions
subtype: #ten-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_pungitius confined to rivers
subtype: #batfish bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins
subtype: #goosefish__angler__anglerfish__angler_fish__monkfish__lotte__allmouth__Lophius_Americanus fishes having large mouths with a wormlike filament attached for luring prey
subtype: #toadfish__Opsanus_tau bottom-dwelling fish having scaleless slimy skin and a broad thick head with a wide mouth
subtype: #oyster_fish__oysterfish a variety of toadfish
subtype: #frogfish fish having a frog-like mouth with a lure on the snout
subtype: #sargassum_fish__sargassumfish small fantastically formed and colored fishes found among masses of sargassum
subtype: #percoid_fish__percoidfish__percoid__percoidean any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes
subtype: #perch.percoid_fish any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes
subtype: #perch_flesh__perch spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes
subtype: #yellow_perch__Perca_flavescens North American perch
subtype: #European_perch__Perca_fluviatilis a perch native to Europe
subtype: #pikeperch__pike_perch any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family
subtype: #walleyed_pike__walleye__jack_salmon__Stizostedion_vitreum pike-like freshwater perches
subtype: #blue_pike__blue_pickerel__blue_pikeperch__blue_walleye__Strizostedion_vitreum_glaucum variety inhabiting the Great Lakes
subtype: #snail_darter__snaildarter__Percina_tanasi 3-inch snail-eating perch of the Tennessee River
subtype: #sandfish either of two small silvery scaleless fishes of the north Pacific that burrow into sand
subtype: #cusk-eel elongate compressed somewhat eel-shaped fishes
subtype: #brotula deep-sea fishes
subtype: #pearlfish found living within the alimentary canals of e.g. sea cucumbers or between the shells of pearl oysters in or near shallow seagrass beds
subtype: #robolo a kind of percoid fish
subtype: #snook large tropical American food and game fishes of coastal and brackish waters; resemble pike
subtype: #pike any of several elongate long-snouted freshwater game and food fishes widely distributed in cooler parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #northern_pike__Esox_lucius voracious piscivorous pike of waters of northern hemisphere
subtype: #Esox_masquinongy__muskellunge large (60 to 80 pounds) sport fish of North America
subtype: #pickerel any of several North American species of small pike
subtype: #chain_pickerel__chainpickerel__chain_pike__chainpike__Esox_niger common in quiet waters of eastern United States
subtype: #redfin_pickerel__barred_pickerel__Esox_americanus small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states
subtype: #centrarchid__sunfish small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed
subtype: #crappie small sunfishes of central United States rivers
subtype: #black_crappie__blackcrappie__Pomoxis_nigromaculatus a crappie that is black
subtype: #white_crappie__whitecrappie__Pomoxis_annularis a crappie that is white
subtype: #freshwater_bream__bream any of various usually edible freshwater percoid fishes having compressed bodies and shiny scales; especially (but not exclusively) of the genus Lepomis
subtype: #European_bream__Abramis_brama European freshwater fish having a flattened body and silvery scales; of little value as food
subtype: #bluegill__Lepomis_macrochirus important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States
subtype: #spotted_sunfish__spottedsunfish__stumpknocker__Lepomis_punctatus inhabits streams from South Carolina to Florida; esteemed panfish
subtype: #pumpkinseed__Lepomis_gibbosus small brilliantly colored North American sunfish
subtype: #rock_bass__rock_sunfish__Ambloplites_rupestris game and food fish of upper Mississippi and Great Lakes
subtype: #black_bass widely distributed and highly prized American freshwater game fishes (sunfish family)
subtype: #Kentucky_black_bass__spotted_black_bass__Micropterus_pseudoplites a variety of black bass
subtype: #smallmouth_black_bass__smallmouth__smallmouth_bass__smallmouthed_bass__smallmouthed_black_bass__Micropterus_dolomieu a variety of black bass; the angle of the jaw falls below the eye
subtype: #largemouth_black_bass__largemouth__largemouth_bass__largemouthed_bass__largemouthed_black_bass__Micropterus_salmoides a large black bass; the angle of the jaw falls behind the eye
subtype: #bass.percoid_fish__bas nontechnical name for any of numerous edible marine and freshwater spiny-finned fishes
subtype: #freshwater_bass North American food and game fish
subtype: #serranid_fish__serranid marine food sport fishes mainly of warm coastal waters
subtype: #white_perch__whiteperch__silver_perch__Morone_americana small silvery food and game fish of eastern United States streams
subtype: #yellow_bass__Morone_interrupta North American freshwater bass resembling the larger marine striped bass
subtype: #sea_bass any of various food and sport fishes of the United States Atlantic coast having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
subtype: #soapfish fishes with slimy mucus-covered skin; found in warm American Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: #surfperch__surffish__surf_fish small to medium-sized shallow-water fishes of the North American Pacific coast
subtype: #rainbow_seaperch__rainbowseaperch__rainbow_perch__rainbowperch__Hipsurus_caryi Pacific coast fish
subtype: #bigeye red fishes of American coastal tropical waters having very large eyes and rough scales
subtype: #catalufa__Priacanthus_arenatus brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters
subtype: #cardinalfish small red fishes of coral reefs and inshore tropical waters
subtype: #flamefish__Apogon_maculatus found in tropical Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: #conchfish__astropogonstellatu found in West Indies; lives in mantle cavity of a living conch
subtype: #tilefish__Lopholatilus_chamaeleonticeps yellow-spotted violet food fish of warm deep waters
subtype: #Pomatomus_saltatrix__bluefish bluish warm-water marine food and game fish that follow schools of small fishes into shallow waters
subtype: #cobia__Rachycentron_canadum__sergeant_fish large dark-striped tropical food and game fish related to remoras; found worldwide in coastal to open waters
subtype: #carangid_fish__carangid a percoid fish of the family Carangidae
subtype: #jack any of several fast-swimming predacious fishes of tropical to warm-temperate seas
subtype: #crevalle_jack__jack_crevalle__Caranx_hippos fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #Caranx_bartholomaei__yellow_jack fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #blue_runner__runner__Caranx_crysos fish of western Atlantic: Cape Cod to Brazil
subtype: #rainbow_runner__rainbowrunner__Elagatis_bipinnulata streamlined cigar-shaped jack; good game fish
subtype: #leatherjack__leatherjacket any of several New World tropical fishes having tiny embedded scales
subtype: #threadfish__Alectis_ciliaris fish having greatly elongated front rays on dorsal and anal fins
subtype: #amberjack__amberfish any of several amber to coppery fork-tailed warm-water carangid fishes
subtype: #yellowtail__Seriola_dorsalis game fish of S California and Mexico having a yellow tail fin
subtype: #banded_rudderfish__rudderfish__Seriola_zonata fish having the habit of following ships; found in North and South American coastal waters
subtype: #Seriola_grandis__kingfish large game fish of Australia and New Zealand
subtype: #Atlantic_moonfish__moonfish__horsefish__horsehead__dollarfish__Selene_setapinnis any of several silvery marine fishes with very flat bodies
subtype: #lookdown_fish__lookdown__Selene_vomer similar to moonfish but with eyes high on the truncated forehead
subtype: #pompano any of several deep-bodied food fishes of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #Florida_pompano__Trachinotus_carolinus found in coastal waters New England to Brazil except clear waters of West Indies
subtype: #Trachinotus_falcatus__permit large game fish; found in waters of the West Indies
subtype: #pilotfish__Naucrates_ductor small pelagic fish often accompanying sharks or mantas
subtype: #scad any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae
subtype: #jack_mackerel__horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__Spanish_mackerel__saurel__Trachurus_symmetricus a California food fish
subtype: #saurel__horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__Trachurus_trachurus large elongated compressed food fish of European Atlantic waters
subtype: #bigeye_scad__big-eyed_scad__goggle-eye__Selar_crumenophthalmus of Atlantic coastal waters; commonly used for bait
subtype: #mackerel_scad__mackerel_shad__Decapterus_macarellus small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil
subtype: #round_scad__roundscad__cigarfish__quiaquia__Decapterus_punctatus small fusiform fish of western Atlantic
subtype: #mahimahi__dolphinfish__dolphin large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)
subtype: #Coryphaena_hippurus the more common dolphinfish valued as food; about six feet long
subtype: #Coryphaena_equisetis a kind of dolphinfish
subtype: #blanquillo__tilefish important marine food fishes
subtype: #cichlid_fish__cichlidfish__cichlid freshwater fishes of tropical America and Africa and Asia similar to American sunfishes; some are food fishes; many small ones are popular in aquariums
subtype: #bolti__Tilapia_nilotica important food fish of the Nile and other rivers of Africa and Asia Minor
subtype: #snapper any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
subtype: #grunt medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught
subtype: #margate__Haemulon_album red-mouthed grunt found from Florida to Brazil
subtype: #Spanish_grunt__Haemulon_macrostomum a kind of grunt
subtype: #tomtate__Haemulon_aurolineatum found off the West Indies and Florida
subtype: #cottonwick__Haemulon_malanurum of warm Atlantic waters
subtype: #sailor's-choice__sailors_choice__sailorschoice__Haemulon_parra found from Florida to Brazil and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #porkfish__Anisotremus_virginicus black and gold grunt found from Bermuda to Caribbean to Brazil
subtype: #black_margate__blackmargate__pompon__Anisotremus_surinamensis dusky gray food fish found from Louisiana and Florida southward
subtype: #pigfish__hogfish__Orthopristis_chrysopterus found from Long Island southward
subtype: #sparid_fish__sparid spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth
subtype: #sheepshead__Archosargus_probatocephalus large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico
subtype: #pinfish__sailor's-choice__squirrelfish__Lagodon_rhomboides similar to sea bream; small spiny-finned fish found in bays along the southeastern coast of the United States
subtype: #Chrysophrys_auratus__snapper Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots
subtype: #sea_bream__seabream__bream any of numerous marine percoid fishes especially (but not exclusively) of the family Sparidae
subtype: #pomfret__Brama_raii deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of North Atlantic and North Pacific; valued for food
subtype: #porgy important deep-bodied food and sport fish of warm and tropical coastal waters; found worldwide
subtype: #red_porgy__redporgy__Pagrus_pagrus food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America
subtype: #sheepshead_porgy__Calamus_penna from Florida and Bahamas to Brazil
subtype: #northern_scup__scup__northern_porgy__Stenotomus_chrysops found in Atlantic coastal waters of North America from South Carolina to Maine; esteemed as a panfish
subtype: #southern_scup__scup__southern_porgy__Stenotomus_aculeatus porgy of southern Atlantic coastal waters of North America
subtype: #European_sea_bream__Pagellus_centrodontus food fish of European coastal waters
subtype: #Atlantic_sea_bream__Archosargus_rhomboidalis sea bream of warm Atlantic waters
subtype: #black_bream__blackbream__Chrysophrys_australis important dark-colored edible food and game fish of Australia
subtype: #sciaenid_fish__sciaenid widely distributed family of carnivorous percoid fishes having a large air bladder used to produce sound
subtype: #drumfish__drum small to medium-sized bottom-dwelling food and game fishes of shallow coastal and fresh waters that make a drumming noise
subtype: #striped_drum__stripeddrum__Equetus_pulcher a kind of drumfish
subtype: #jackknife-fish__jackknifefish__Equetus_lanceolatus black-and-white drumfish with an erect elongated dorsal fin
subtype: #silver_perch__mademoiselle__Bairdiella_chrysoura small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico
subtype: #red_drum__reddrum__channel_bass__redfish__Sciaenops_ocellatus large edible fish found off coast of United States from Massachusetts to Mexico
subtype: #mulloway__jewfish__sciaenaantarctica large important food fish of Australia; almost indistinguishable from the maigre
subtype: #maigre__maiger__Sciaena_aquila large European marine food fish
subtype: #croaker any of several fishes that make a croaking noise
subtype: #Atlantic_croaker__Micropogonias_undulatus silvery-bodied with dark markings and tiny barbels
subtype: #yellowfin_croaker__yellowfincroaker__surffish__surf_fish__Umbrina_roncador fish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: #chenfish__white_croaker__whitecroaker__kingfish__Genyonemus_lineatus small silvery marine food fish found off California
subtype: #white_croaker__whitecroaker__queenfish__Seriphus_politus silvery and bluish drumfish of shallow California coastal waters
subtype: #whiting any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
subtype: #kingfish any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast
subtype: #king_whiting__Menticirrhus_americanus whiting of the southeastern coast of North America
subtype: #northern_whiting__Menticirrhus_saxatilis whiting of the east coast of United States; closely resembles king whiting
subtype: #corbina__menticirrhusundulatu bluish-gray whiting of California coast
subtype: #silver_whiting__Menticirrhus_littoralis a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States
subtype: #sea_trout.sciaenid_fish__seatrout any of several sciaenid fishes of North American coastal waters
subtype: #Cynoscion_regalis__weakfish food and game fish of North American coastal waters with a mouth from which hooks easily tear out
subtype: #spotted_weakfish__spottedweakfish__spotted_sea_trout__spottedseatrout__spotted_squeateague__spottedsqueateague__Cynoscion_nebulosus weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
subtype: #mullet bottom-dwelling marine warm-water fishes with two barbels on the chin
subtype: #goatfish__red_mullet__redmullet__surmullet__Mullus_surmuletus brightly colored tropical fishes with chin barbels
subtype: #red_goatfish__redgoatfish__mullusauratu body bright scarlet with 2 yellow to reddish strips on side
subtype: #yellow_goatfish__Mulloidichthys_martinicus schooling goatfish; grayish with yellow stripe
subtype: #gray_mullet__mullet freshwater or coastal food fishes a spindle-shaped body; found worldwide
subtype: #striped_mullet__stripedmullet__Mugil_cephalus most important commercial mullet in eastern United States
subtype: #white_mullet__whitemullet__mugilcurema silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts
subtype: #Mugil_liza__liza similar to the striped mullet and takes its place in the Caribbean region
subtype: #sea_chub__seachub schooling fishes mostly of Indian and western Pacific oceans; two species in western Atlantic
subtype: #Bermuda_chub__rudderfish__Kyphosus_sectatrix food and game fish around Bermuda and Florida; often follow ships
subtype: #spadefish__angelfish__Chaetodipterus_faber deep-bodied disk-shaped food fish of warmer western Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: #butterfly_fish__butterflyfish small usually brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes having narrow deep bodies with large broad fins; found worldwide
subtype: #chaetodon any fish of the genus Chaetodon
subtype: #angelfish a butterfly fish of the genus Pomacanthus
subtype: #rock_beauty__Holocanthus_tricolor gold and black butterflyfish found from West Indies to Brazil
subtype: #damselfish__demoiselle small brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes of coral reefs
subtype: #beaugregory__Pomacentrus_leucostictus blue-and-yellow damselfish of Bermuda Florida and West Indies
subtype: #anemone_fish__anemonefish live associated with sea anemones
subtype: #clown_anemone_fish__clownanemonefish__Amphiprion_percula an anemone fish of the genus Amphiprion
subtype: #Abudefduf_saxatilis__sergeant_major large blue-gray black-striped damselfish; nearly worldwide
subtype: #wrasse chiefly tropical marine fishes with fleshy lips and powerful teeth; usually brightly colored
subtype: #giant_pigfish__giantpigfish__pigfish__Achoerodus_gouldii found around the Great Barrier Reef
subtype: #hogfish__hog_snapper__hogsnapper__Lachnolaimus_maximus large wrasse of western Atlantic; head of male resembles a pig's snout
subtype: #slippery_dick__Halicoeres_bivittatus small wrasse of tropical Atlantic
subtype: #puddingwife__Halicoeres_radiatus bluish and bronze wrasse; found from Florida keys to Brazil
subtype: #bluehead__Thalassoma_bifasciatum small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head
subtype: #razorfish any of several small wrasses with compressed sharp-edged heads of the West Indies and Mediterranean
subtype: #pearly_razorfish__Hemipteronatus_novacula a kind of razorfish
subtype: #tautog__blackfish__Tautoga_onitis large dark-colored food fish of the Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: #cunner__bergall__Tautogolabrus_adspersus common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States
subtype: #parrotfish__pollyfish gaudy tropical fishes with parrotlike beaks formed by fusion of teeth
subtype: #threadfin mullet-like tropical marine fishes having pectoral fins with long threadlike rays
subtype: #barbu__polydactylusvirginicu found along western Atlantic coast
subtype: #jawfish small large-mouthed tropical marine fishes common along sandy bottoms; males brood egg balls in their mouths; popular aquarium fishes
subtype: #stargazer heavy-bodied marine bottom-lurkers with eyes on flattened top of the head
subtype: #sand_stargazer small pallid fishes of shoal tropical waters of North and South America having eyes on stalks atop head; they burrow in sand to await prey
subtype: #blennioid_fish__blennioidfish__blennioid elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins
subtype: #combtooth_blenny__combtoothblenny__blenny small usually scaleless fishes with comb-like teeth living about rocky shores; territorial and hole-dwelling
subtype: #shanny__Blennius_pholis European scaleless blenny
subtype: #Molly_Miller__Scartella_cristata inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic
subtype: #clinid_fish__clinid mostly small blennioid fishes of coral reefs and seagrass beds
subtype: #pikeblenny tropical American fishes; males are aggressively defensive of their territory
subtype: #bluethroat_pikeblenny__Chaenopsis_ocellata found from Florida to Cuba
subtype: #gunnel__bracketed_blenny__bracketedblenny small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the North Atlantic
subtype: #rock_gunnel__butterfish__Pholis_gunnellus slippery scaleless food fish of North Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: #prickleback small elongate fishes of shallow northern seas; a long dorsal fin consists entirely of spines
subtype: #snakeblenny__Lumpenus_lumpretaeformis found in Arctic and North Atlantic
subtype: #eelblenny eellike fishes found in subarctic coastal waters
subtype: #wrymouth__ghostfish__Cryptacanthodes_maculatus eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth
subtype: #wolffish__wolf_fish__catfish large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and no pelvic fins
subtype: #eelpout__pout marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas
subtype: #viviparous_eelpout__Zoarces_viviparus an eelpout of northern Europe that is viviparous
subtype: #fish_doctor__Gymnelis_viridis brightly colored scaleless Arctic eelpout
subtype: #ocean_pout__oceanpout__Macrozoarces_americanus common along northeastern coast of North America
subtype: #goby__gudgeon small spiny-finned fish of coastal or brackish waters having a large head and elongated tapering body having the ventral fins modified as a sucker
subtype: #mudskipper__mudspringer found in tropical coastal regions of Africa and Asia; able to move on land on strong pectoral fins
subtype: #sleeper_goby__sleepergoby__sleeper tropical fish that resembles a goby and rests quietly on the bottom in shallow water
subtype: #flathead pallid bottom-dwelling flat-headed fish with large eyes and a duck-like snout
subtype: #archerfish__Toxotes_jaculatrix any of several small freshwater fishes that catch insects by squirting water at them and knocking them into the water; found in Indonesia and Australia
subtype: #wormfish poorly known family of small tropical shallow-water fishes related to gobies
subtype: #surgeonfish brightly colored coral-reef fish with knifelike spines at the tail
subtype: #doctorfish__Acanthurus_chirurgus surgeon fish of the West Indies
subtype: #gempylid snake mackerels; elongated marine fishes with oily flesh; resembles mackerels; found worldwide
subtype: #snake_mackerel__snakemackerel__Gempylus_serpens predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth
subtype: #escolar__Lepidocybium_flavobrunneum large snake mackerel with rings like spectacles around its eyes
subtype: #oilfish__ruvettuspretiosu very large deep-water snake mackerel
subtype: #cutlassfish__frost_fish__frostfish__hairtail long-bodied marine fishes having a long whiplike scaleless body and sharp teeth; closely related to snake mackerel
subtype: #scombroid_fish__scombroidfish__scombroid important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters
subtype: #mackerel any of various fishes of the family Scombridae
subtype: #common_mackerel__shiner__Scomber_scombrus important food fish of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; its body is greenish-blue with dark bars and small if any scales
subtype: #Scomber_colias__Spanish_mackerel medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #chub_mackerel__tinker__Scomber_japonicus small mackerel found nearly worldwide
subtype: #Acanthocybium_solandri__wahoo large fast-moving predacious food and game fish; found worldwide
subtype: #Spanish_mackerel any of several large marine food fishes of the genus Scomberomorus
subtype: #king_mackerel__cavalla__cero__Scomberomorus_cavalla large mackerel with long pointed snout; important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast south to Brazil
subtype: #Scomberomorus_maculatus large commercially important mackerel of American Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: #cero__pintado__kingfish__Scomberomorus_regalis large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters
subtype: #Scomberomorus_sierra__sierra a Spanish mackerel of western North America
subtype: #tuna__tunny any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters
subtype: #bonito any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas
subtype: #skipjack__Atlantic_bonito__Sarda_sarda medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna
subtype: #Chile_bonito__Chilean_bonito__Sarda_chiliensis common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well
subtype: #Pacific_bonito__Sarda_lineolata__sardalineolata probably a northern strain of Chile bonito
subtype: #skipjack_tuna__skipjack__Euthynnus_pelamis oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic; reaches 75 pounds; very similar to if not the same as oceanic bonito
subtype: #oceanic_bonito__oceanicbonito__bonito__Katsuwonus_pelamis fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna
subtype: #Xiphias_gladius__swordfish large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night
subtype: #sailfish large pelagic game fish having an elongated upper jaw and long sail-like dorsal fin
subtype: #Atlantic_sailfish__Istiophorus_albicans a kind of sailfish
subtype: #billfish giant warm-water game fish having a prolonged and rounded toothless upper jaw
subtype: #marlin__spearfish large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes
subtype: #blue_marlin__Makaira_nigricans largest marlin; may reach 2000 pounds; found worldwide in warm seas
subtype: #Makaira_mazara__black_marlin__blackmarlin Pacific marlin
subtype: #black_marlin__blackmarlin__Makaira_marlina Pacific marlin
subtype: #striped_marlin__stripedmarlin__Makaira_mitsukurii Pacific food and game fish marked with dark blue vertical stripes
subtype: #white_marlin__whitemarlin__Makaira_albida small marlin (to 180 pounds) of western Atlantic
subtype: #spearfish any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare
subtype: #louvar__Luvarus_imperialis large silvery fish found worldwide in warm seas but nowhere common; resembles a whale and feeds on plankton
subtype: #squaretail sluggish square-tailed fish armored with tough bony scales; of deep warm waters
subtype: #stromateid_fish__butterfish__stromateid small marine fish with a short smooth-scaled compressed body and feeble spines
subtype: #dollarfish__Poronotus_triacanthus small food fish of Atlantic coast
subtype: #palometa__California_pompano__Palometa_simillima smaller than Florida pompano; common in West Indies
subtype: #harvestfish__Paprilus_alepidotus butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina
subtype: #driftfish small (6 inches) tropical butterfishes found worldwide
subtype: #driftfish.stromateid_fish larger driftfishes of eastern Atlantic from the New York area to the northern Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #barrelfish__black_rudderfish__blackrudderfish__Hyperglyphe_perciformis blackish fish of New England waters
subtype: #clingfish very small (to 3 inches) flattened marine fish with a sucking disc on the abdomen for clinging to rocks etc.
subtype: #skilletfish__gobiesoxstrumosu clingfish with typical skillet shape
subtype: #tripletail large food fish of warm waters worldwide having long anal and dorsal fins that with caudal fin suggest a three-lobed tail
subtype: #Atlantic_tripletail__Lobotes_surinamensis tripletail found from Cape Cod to northern South America
subtype: #Pacific_tripletail__Lobotes_pacificus tripletail found in the Pacific
subtype: #mojarra small silvery schooling fishes with protrusible mouths found in warm coastal waters
subtype: #yellowfin_mojarra__yellowfinmojarra__Gerres_cinereus popular panfish from Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: #silver_jenny__Eucinostomus_gula silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic
subtype: #whiting.percoid_fish a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
subtype: #remora__suckerfish__sucking_fish__suckingfish marine fishes with a flattened elongated body and a sucking disk on the head for attaching to large fish or moving objects
subtype: #sharksucker__Echeneis_naucrates remoras found attached to sharks
subtype: #whalesucker__Remilegia_australis large blue Pacific remora that attaches to whales and dolphins
subtype: #silverside__silversides small fishes having a silver stripe along each side; found along the Atlantic coast of the United States
subtype: #jacksmelt__Atherinopsis_californiensis large silversides of Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #barracuda any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth
subtype: #great_barracuda__greatbarracuda__Sphyraena_barracuda large (up to 6 ft) grayish-brown barracuda highly regarded as a food and sport fish; may be dangerous to swimmers
subtype: #sand_lance__sand_launce__sand_eel__launce very small silvery eellike schooling fishes that burrow into sandy beaches
subtype: #dragonet small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm-temperate waters of Europe and America
subtype: #scorpaenoid_fish__scorpaenoidfish__scorpaenoid fishes having the the head armored with bony plates
subtype: #Ophiodon_elongatus__lingcod food fish of Northern Pacific waters related to greenlings
subtype: #scorpaenid_fish__scorpaenid any of numerous carnivorous usually bottom-dwelling warm-water marine fishes found worldwide but most abundant in the Pacific
subtype: #scorpionfish__scorpion_fish__sea_scorpion__seascorpion marine fishes having a tapering body with an armored head and venomous spines
subtype: #plumed_scorpionfish__Scorpaena_grandicornis a kind of scorpionfish
subtype: #lionfish brightly striped fish of the tropical Pacific having elongated spiny fins
subtype: #stonefish__Synanceja_verrucosa venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock
subtype: #rockfish marine food fish found among rocks along the northern coasts of Europe and America
subtype: #copper_rockfish__Sebastodes_caurinus of North American Pacific coastal waters
subtype: #vermillion_rockfish__rasher__Sebastodes_miniatus commercially important fish of the North American Pacific coast
subtype: #Sebastodes_ruberrimus__red_rockfish__redrockfish large fish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: #Sebastodes_marinus__rosefish__ocean_perch__oceanperch large fish of northern Atlantic coasts of America and Europe
subtype: #sculpin any of numerous spiny large-headed broad-mouthed usually scaleless scorpaenoid fishes
subtype: #bullhead.sculpin freshwater sculpin with a large flattened bony-plated head with hornlike spines
subtype: #miller's-thumb small freshwater sculpin of Europe and North America
subtype: #sea_raven__searaven__Hemitripterus_americanus large sculpin of western Atlantic; inflates itself when caught
subtype: #grubby__Myxocephalus_aenaeus small sculpin of the coast of New England
subtype: #lumpfish__Cyclopterus_lumpus clumsy soft thick-bodied North Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker; edible roe used for caviar
subtype: #lumpsucker any of several very small lumpfishes
subtype: #snailfish__seasnail__sea_snail__seasnail__Liparis_liparis small tadpole-shaped cold-water fishes with pelvic fins forming a sucker; related to lumpfish
subtype: #sea_poacher__seapoacher__poacher__sea_poker__seapoker small slender fish (to 8 inches) with body covered by bony plates; chiefly of deeper north Pacific waters
subtype: #pogge__armed_bullhead__armedbullhead__Agonus_cataphractus North Atlantic sea poacher
subtype: #alligatorfish__Aspidophoroides_monopterygius small very elongate sea poachers
subtype: #greenling food fish of the northern Pacific
subtype: #kelp_greenling__Hexagrammos_decagrammus common food and sport fish of western coast of North America
subtype: #painted_greenling__paintedgreenling__convictfish__Oxylebius_pictus greenling with whitish body marked with black bands
subtype: #flathead.scorpaenoid_fish food fish of the Indonesian region of the Pacific; resembles gurnards
subtype: #gurnard bottom-dwelling coastal fishes with spiny armored heads and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom
subtype: #tub_gurnard__tubgurnard__yellow_gurnard__Trigla_lucerna a kind of gurnard
subtype: #sea_robin__searobin__searobin American gurnard; mostly found in bays and estuaries
subtype: #northern_sea_robin__Prionotus_carolinus large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida
subtype: #armored_searobin__armoredsearobin__armored_sea_robin__armoredsearobin__Peristedion_miniatum sea robins having bony scutes on the body and barbels on the chin; found mostly on the continental slope
subtype: #flying_gurnard__flying_robin__butterflyfish tropical fish with huge fanlike pectoral fins for underwater gliding; unrelated to searobins
subtype: #plectognath_fish__plectognathfish__plectognath tropical marine fishes having the teeth fused into a beak and thick skin covered with bony plates or spines
subtype: #triggerfish any of numerous compressed deep-bodied tropical fishes with sandpapery skin and erectile spines in the first dorsal fin
subtype: #queen_triggerfish__queentriggerfish__Bessy_cerca__oldwench__oldwife__balistesvetula tropical Atlantic fish
subtype: #filefish narrow flattened warm-water fishes with leathery skin and a long file-like dorsal spine
subtype: #leatherfish__leatherjacket any of several brightly colored tropical filefishes
subtype: #boxfish__trunkfish any of numerous small tropical fishes having body and head encased in bony plates
subtype: #cowfish__Lactophrys_quadricornis trunkfish having hornlike spines over the eyes
subtype: #puffer__blowfish__globefish any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers
subtype: #spiny_puffer__spinypuffer puffers having rigid or erectile spines
subtype: #porcupinefish__porcupine_fish__porcupinefish__Diodon_hystrix spines become erect when the body is inflated; worldwide in warm waters
subtype: #balloonfish__Diodon_holocanthus similar to but smaller than porcupinefish
subtype: #burrfish any of several fishes having rigid flattened spines
subtype: #ocean_sunfish__oceansunfish__sunfish__headfish among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters
subtype: #sharptail_mola__sharptailmola__Mola_lanceolata caudal fin has a central projection
subtype: #flatfish any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side
subtype: #flounder.flatfish any of various European and non-European marine flatfish
subtype: #righteye_flounder__righteyed_flounder__righteyedflounder flounders with both eyes on the right side of the head
subtype: #Pleuronectes_platessa__plaice large European food fish
subtype: #European_flatfish__Platichthys_flesus important food fish of Europe
subtype: #Limanda_ferruginea__yellowtail_flounder American flounder having a yellowish tail
subtype: #blackback_flounder__blackbackflounder__winter_flounder__lemon_sole__lemonsole__Pseudopleuronectes_americanus important American food fish in the winter
subtype: #Microstomus_kitt__lemon_sole__lemonsole European flatfish highly valued as food
subtype: #American_plaice__Hippoglossoides_platessoides large American food fish
subtype: #Atlantic_halibut__Hippoglossus_hippoglossus largest United States flatfish
subtype: #Pacific_halibut__Hippoglossus_stenolepsis a righteye flounder found in the Pacific
subtype: #holibut marine food fish of North Atlantic or North Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes
subtype: #lefteye_flounder__lefteyeflounder__lefteyed_flounder flatfishes with both eyes on the left side of the head
subtype: #southern_flounder__Paralichthys_lethostigmus flounder of southern United States
subtype: #summer_flounder__Paralichthys_dentatus flounder of eastern coast of North America
subtype: #gray_flounder__Etropus_rimosus flounder found from North Carolina to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico
subtype: #whiff.lefteye_flounder a lefteye flounder found in coastal waters from New England to Brazil
subtype: #horned_whiff__Citharichthys_cornutus whiff found in waters from the Bahamas and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: #sand_dab small food fishes of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #Scophthalmus_aquosus__windowpane very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: #brill__scophthalmusrhombu European food fish
subtype: #Psetta_maxima__turbot a large brownish European flatfish
subtype: #tonguefish left-eyed marine flatfish whose tail tapers to a point; of little commercial value
subtype: #sole.flatfish right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
subtype: #sweeper little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body
subtype: #ganoid_fish__ganoid primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering
subtype: #bowfin__grindle__Amia_calva primitive long-bodies carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America
subtype: #paddlefish__duckbill__Polyodon_spathula primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout
subtype: #Chinese_paddlefish__Psephurus_gladis fish of larger rivers of China similar to the Mississippi paddlefish
subtype: #sturgeon large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in north temperate zone
subtype: #Pacific_sturgeon__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Sacramento_sturgeon__Acipenser_transmontanus food and game fish of marine and fresh waters of northwestern coast of North America
subtype: #beluga__hausen__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Acipenser_huso valuable source of caviar and isinglass; found in Black and Caspian seas
subtype: #gar__garfish__garpike__billfish__Lepisosteus_osseus primitive predaceous North American fish covered with hard scales and having long jaws with needle-like teeth
subtype: #gnathostome a vertebrate animal possessing true jaws
subtype: #bird warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
subtype: #dickeybird__dickybird (informal) small bird; adults talking to children sometimes call small birds dickeybirds
subtype: #cock adult male bird
subtype: #gamecock__fighting_cock a cock bred and trained for fighting
subtype: #hen adult female bird
subtype: #night_bird__nightbird any bird associated with night: owl; nightingale; nighthawk; etc
subtype: #night_raven__nightraven any bird that cries at night
subtype: #bird_of_passage any bird that migrates seasonally
subtype: #protoavis__protoavi most primitive avian type known; extinct bird of the Triassic having birdlike jaw and hollow limbs and breastbone with dinosaur-like tail and hind limbs
subtype: #archaeopteryx__archeopteryx__Archaeopteryx_lithographica extinct primitive toothed bird of the Upper Jurassic having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds
subtype: #Sinornis sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous having a keeled breastbone and vestigial tail; found in China; considered possibly the second most primitive of all birds
subtype: #Ibero-mesornis sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Lower Cretaceous having a vestigial tail; found in Spain; considered possibly the third most primitive of all birds
subtype: #archaeornis__archaeorni extinct primitive toothed bird with a long feathered tail and three free clawed digits on each wing
subtype: #ratite_bird__ratite__flightless_bird flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds
subtype: #ostrich__struthiocamelu fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird
subtype: #cassowary large black flightless bird of Australia and New Guinea having a horny head crest
subtype: #emu__Dromaius_novaehollandiae__Emu_novaehollandiae large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller
subtype: #kiwi__apteryx nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes
subtype: #Rhea_americana__rhea larger of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Brazil to Patagonia
subtype: #rhea__nandu__Pterocnemia_pennata smaller of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Peru to Straits of Magellan
subtype: #elephant_bird__aepyornis__aepyorni huge (to 9 ft.) extinct flightless bird of Madagascar
subtype: #moa extinct flightless bird of New Zealand
subtype: #giant_moa__giantmoa__Dinornis_giganteus the largest moa; about 12 feet high
subtype: #anomalopteryx__Anomalopteryx_oweni the smallest moa; slender moa about the size of a large turkey
subtype: #carinate_bird__carinate__flying_bird birds having keeled breastbones for attachment of flight muscles
subtype: #passerine__passeriform_bird__passeriformbird perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless
subtype: #oscine_bird__oscine passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus
subtype: #songbird__songster any bird having a musical call
subtype: #honey_eater__honeyeater__honeysucker Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar
subtype: #accentor small sparrow-like songbird of mountainous regions of Eurasia
subtype: #hedge_sparrow__sparrow__dunnock__Prunella_modularis small brownish European songbird
subtype: #lark any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing
subtype: #skylark__alaudaarvensi brown-speckled European lark noted for singing while hovering at a great height
subtype: #wagtail Old World bird having a very long tail that jerks up and down as it walks
subtype: #pipit__titlark__lark small songbirds resembling larks
subtype: #meadow_pipit__Anthus_pratensis a common pipit that is brown above and white below; widely distributed in northern and central Europe and in Asia
subtype: #finch any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds
subtype: #chaffinch__Fringilla_coelebs small European finch with a cheerful song
subtype: #brambling__Fringilla_montifringilla Eurasian finch
subtype: #goldfinch__Carduelis_carduelis small European finch having a crimson face and yellow-and-black wings
subtype: #linnet__Carduelis_cannabina small Old World finch whose male has a red breast and forehead
subtype: #siskin__Carduelis_spinus small sharp-billed yellow-and-black Eurasian finch
subtype: #red_siskin__redsiskin__Carduelis_cucullata South American species of scarlet finch with black head and wings and tail
subtype: #Carduelis_flammea__redpoll small siskin-like finch with a red crown
subtype: #redpoll__Carduelis_hornemanni small siskin-like finch with a red crown
subtype: #New_world_goldfinch__goldfinch__yellowbird__Spinus_tristis American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer
subtype: #pine_siskin__pine_finch__Spinus_pinus small finch of North American coniferous forests
subtype: #house_finch__housefinch__linnet__Carpodacus_mexicanus small finch originally of the western United States and Mexico
subtype: #purple_finch__Carpodacus_purpureus North American finch having a raspberry-red head and breast and rump
subtype: #canary_bird__canary any of several small Old World finches
subtype: #common_canary__Serinus_canaria native to the Canary Islands and Azores; popular usually yellow cage bird noted for its song
subtype: #serin any of various brown and yellow finches of pats of Europe
subtype: #crossbill__Loxia_curvirostra finch with a bill whose tips cross when closed
subtype: #bullfinch__Pyrrhula_pyrrhula common European finch mostly black and white with red throat and breast
subtype: #junco__snowbird small North American finch seen chiefly in winter
subtype: #dark-eyed_junco__slate-colored_junco__slatecoloredjunco__Junco_hyemalis common North American junco having gray plumage and eyes with dark brown irises
subtype: #New_World_sparrow sparrow-like North American finches
subtype: #vesper_sparrow__grass_finch__grassfinch__Pooecetes_gramineus common North American finch noted for its evening song
subtype: #white-throated_sparrow__whitethroat__Zonotrichia_albicollis common North American finch with a white patch on the throat and black-and-white striped crown
subtype: #white-crowned_sparrow__whitecrownedsparrow__Zonotrichia_leucophrys finch with black-and-white striped crown
subtype: #chipping_sparrow__Spizella_passerina small North American finch common in urban areas
subtype: #field_sparrow__fieldsparrow__Spizella_pusilla common North American finch of brushy pasturelands
subtype: #Spizella_arborea__tree_sparrow finch common in winter in the northern U.S.
subtype: #song_sparrow__Melospiza_melodia small songbird common in North America
subtype: #swamp_sparrow__swampsparrow__Melospiza_georgiana North American finch of marshy area
subtype: #bunting any of numerous seed-eating songbirds of Europe or North America
subtype: #indigo_bunting__indigo_finch__indigo_bird__Passerina_cyanea small deep blue North American bunting
subtype: #ortolan_bunting__ortolanbunting__ortolan__Emberiza_hortulana brownish Old World bunting often eaten as a delicacy
subtype: #reed_bunting__Emberiza_schoeniclus European bunting inhabiting marshy areas
subtype: #yellowhammer__yellow_bunting__Emberiza_citrinella European bunting the male being bright yellow
subtype: #yellow-breasted_bunting__Emberiza_aureola common in Russia and Siberia
subtype: #snow_bunting__snowbird__snowflake__Plectrophenax_nivalis white arctic bunting
subtype: #grosbeak__grossbeak any of various finches of Europe or America having a massive and powerful bill
subtype: #evening_grosbeak__eveninggrosbeak__Hesperiphona_vespertina North American grosbeak
subtype: #hawfinch__Coccothraustes_coccothraustes a common large finch of Eurasia
subtype: #pine_grosbeak__Pinicola_enucleator large grosbeak of coniferous forests of Old and New Worlds
subtype: #cardinal_grosbeak__cardinal__Richmondena_Cardinalis__Cardinalis_cardinalis__redbird crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male
subtype: #pyrrhuloxia__Pyrrhuloxia_sinuata crested gray-and-red bird of southwest United States and Mexico
subtype: #towhee any of numerous long-tailed American finches
subtype: #chewink__Pipilo_erythrophthalmus common towhee of eastern North America
subtype: #green-tailed_towhee__Chlorura_chlorura towhee of the Rocky mountain region
subtype: #Hawaiian_honeycreeper__honeycreeper small to medium-sized finches of the Hawaiian islands
subtype: #mamo black honeycreepers with yellow feathers around the tail; now extinct
subtype: #honeycreeper small bright-colored tropical American songbird with a curved bill for sucking nectar
subtype: #banana_quit any of several honeycreepers
subtype: #weaver_finch__weaver__weaverbird finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests
subtype: #baya__Ploceus_philippinus common Indian weaverbird
subtype: #whydah__whidah__widow_bird__widowbird mostly black African weaverbird
subtype: #Java_sparrow__Java_finch__ricebird__Padda_oryzivora small finch-like Indonesian weaverbird that frequents rice fields
subtype: #avadavat__amadavat red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
subtype: #grassfinch__grass_finch__grassfinch usually brightly-colored Australian weaverbirds; often kept as cage birds
subtype: #zebra_finch__zebrafinch__Poephila_castanotis small Australian weaverbird with markings like a zebra's
subtype: #Old_World_flycatcher__true_flycatcher__flycatcher any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing
subtype: #spotted_flycatcher__spottedflycatcher__Muscicapa_striata__Muscicapa_grisola common European woodland flycatcher with grayish-brown plumage
subtype: #thickhead__whistler Australian and southeastern Asian birds with a melodious whistling call
subtype: #thrush songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast
subtype: #missel_thrush__mistle_thrush__mistletoe_thrush__mistletoethrush__Turdus_viscivorus large European thrush that feeds on mistletoe berries
subtype: #song_thrush__mavis__mavi__throstle__Turdus_philomelos common Old World thrush noted for its song
subtype: #fieldfare__snowbird__Turdus_pilaris medium-sized Eurasian thrush seen chiefly in winter
subtype: #redwing__Turdus_iliacus small European thrush having reddish flanks
subtype: #European_blackbird__blackbird__merl__merle__ouzel__ousel__Turdus_merula common black European thrush
subtype: #ring_ouzel__ring_blackbird__ring_thrush__Turdus_torquatus European thrush common in rocky areas; the male has blackish plumage with a white band around the neck
subtype: #American_robin__robin__Turdus_migratorius large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen
subtype: #clay-colored_robin__Turdus_grayi robin of Mexico and Central America
subtype: #hermit_thrush__Hylocichla_guttata North American thrush noted for its complex and appealing song
subtype: #veery__Wilson's_thrush__Hylocichla_fuscescens tawny brown North American thrush noted for its song
subtype: #wood_thrush__Hylocichla_mustelina large thrush common in eastern American woodlands; noted for its melodious song
subtype: #nightingale__lusciniamegarhyncho European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song
subtype: #bulbul nightingale spoken of in Persian poetry
subtype: #thrush_nightingale__Luscinia_luscinia large nightingale of eastern Europe
subtype: #Old_World_chat__chat songbirds having a chattering call
subtype: #stonechat__Saxicola_torquata common European chat with black plumage and a reddish-brown breast
subtype: #whinchat__Saxicola_rubetra brown-and-buff European songbird of grassy meadows
subtype: #solitaire dull gray North American thrushes noted for its beautiful song
subtype: #redstart__redtail European songbird with a reddish breast and tail; related to Old World robins
subtype: #wheatear small songbird of northern America and Eurasia having a distinctive white rump
subtype: #bluebird blue North American songbird
subtype: #robin_redbreast__robinredbreast__robin__redbreast__Old_World_robin__Erithacus_rubecola small Old World songbird with a reddish breast
subtype: #bluethroat__Erithacus_svecicus songbird of northern Europe and Asia
subtype: #warbler a small active songbird
subtype: #gnatcatcher very small North and South American warblers
subtype: #kinglet small birds resembling warblers but having some of the habits of titmice
subtype: #goldcrest__golden-crested_kinglet__Regulus_regulus European kinglet with a black-bordered yellow crown patch
subtype: #gold-crowned_kinglet__Regulus_satrata American golden-crested kinglet
subtype: #ruby-crowned_kinglet__ruby-crowned_wren__Regulus_calendula American kinglet with a notable song and in the male a red crown patch
subtype: #Old_World_warbler__true_warbler small active brownish or grayish Old World birds
subtype: #blackcap__Silvia_atricapilla small brownish-gray warbler with a black crown
subtype: #wood_warbler__Phylloscopus_sibilatrix European woodland warbler with dull yellow plumage
subtype: #sedge_warbler__sedgewarbler__sedge_bird__sedgebird__sedge_wren__sedgewren__reedbird__Acrocephalus_schoenobaenus small European warbler that breeds among reeds and wedges and winters in Africa
subtype: #wren_warbler small Asiatic and African bird; constructs nests like those of tailorbirds
subtype: #tailorbird__Orthotomus_sutorius tropical Asian warbler that stitches leaves together to form and conceal its nest
subtype: #greater_whitethroat__whitethroat__Sylvia_communis grayish-brown Old World warbler with a white throat and underparts
subtype: #lesser_whitethroat__whitethroat__Sylvia_curruca Old World warbler similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller
subtype: #New_World_warbler__wood_warbler small bright-colored American songbird with a weak unmusical song
subtype: #parula_warbler__northern_parula__Parula_americana small gray-blue wood warbler with yellow throat and breast; of eastern North America
subtype: #Wilson's_warbler__Wilson's_blackcap__Wilsonia_pusilla yellow wood warbler with a black crown
subtype: #flycatching_warbler__flycatchingwarbler any of numerous American wood warblers that feed on insects caught on the wing
subtype: #American_redstart__redstart__Setophaga_ruticilla flycatching warbler of eastern North America the male having bright orange on sides and wings and tail
subtype: #Cape_May_warbler__Dendroica_tigrina North American wood warbler; olive green and yellow striped with black
subtype: #yellow_warbler__golden_warbler__yellowbird__Dendroica_petechia yellow-throated American wood warbler
subtype: #Blackburn__Blackburnian_warbler__Dendroica_fusca black-and-white North American wood warbler having an orange-and-black head and throat
subtype: #Audubon's_warbler__Audubon_warbler__Dendroica_auduboni common warbler of western North America
subtype: #myrtle_warbler__myrtle_bird__Dendroica_coronata similar to Audubon's warbler
subtype: #blackpoll__Dendroica_striate North American warbler having a black-and-white head
subtype: #New_World_chat__chat birds having a chattering call
subtype: #yellow-breasted_chat__Icteria_virens American warbler noted for imitating songs of other birds
subtype: #Seiurus_aurocapillus__ovenbird American warbler; builds a dome-shaped nest on the ground
subtype: #water_thrush__waterthrush brownish North American warbler found near streams
subtype: #yellowthroat small olive-colored American warblers with yellow breast and throat
subtype: #common_yellowthroat__Maryland_yellowthroat__Geothlypis_trichas an American warbler
subtype: #babbler__cackler any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae
subtype: #bird_of_paradise any of numerous brilliantly colored plumed birds of the New Guinea area
subtype: #riflebird__Ptloris_paradisea velvety black Australian bird of paradise with green and purple iridescence on head and tail
subtype: #New_World_oriole__American_oriole__oriole American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow
subtype: #northern_oriole__Icterus_galbula a kind of New World oriole
subtype: #Baltimore_oriole__Baltimore_bird__hangbird__firebird__Icterus_galbula_galbula eastern subspecies of northern oriole
subtype: #Bullock's_oriole__Icterus_galbula_bullockii western subspecies of northern oriole
subtype: #orchard_oriole__orchardoriole__Icterus_spurius the male is chestnut-and-black
subtype: #meadowlark__lark North American yellow-breasted songbirds
subtype: #eastern_meadowlark__easternmeadowlark__Sturnella_magna a meadowlark of eastern North America
subtype: #western_meadowlark__westernmeadowlark__Sturnella_neglecta a meadowlark of western North America
subtype: #cacique__cazique black-and-red or black-and-yellow orioles of the American tropics
subtype: #bobolink__ricebird__reedbird__Dolichonyx_oryzivorus migratory American songbird
subtype: #New_World_blackbird__blackbird any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black
subtype: #grackle__crowblackbird long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage
subtype: #purple_grackle__Quiscalus_quiscula eastern United States grackle
subtype: #rusty_blackbird__rusty_grackle__rustygrackle__Euphagus_carilonus North American blackbird whose bluish-black plumage is rusty-edged in the fall
subtype: #cowbird North American blackbird that follows cattle and lays eggs in other birds' nests
subtype: #red-winged_blackbird__redwing__Agelaius_phoeniceus North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings
subtype: #Old_World_oriole__oriole mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black
subtype: #golden_oriole__Oriolus_oriolus bright yellow songbird with black wings
subtype: #fig-bird__figbird greenish-yellow Australian oriole feeding chiefly on figs and other fruits
subtype: #starling gregarious birds native to the Old World
subtype: #common_starling__Sturnus_vulgaris gregarious bird having plumage with dark metallic gloss; builds nests around dwellings and other structures; naturalized worldwide
subtype: #rose-colored_starling__rose-colored_pastor__Pastor_sturnus__Pastor_roseus glossy black bird with pink back and abdomen; chiefly Asian
subtype: #myna_bird__myna__mynah__mina__minah__mynah_bird__mynahbird tropical Asian starlings
subtype: #crested_myna__crestedmyna__Acridotheres_tristis dark brown crested bird of southeastern Asia
subtype: #hill_myna__Indian_grackle__grackle__graculareligiosa glossy black Asiatic starling often taught to mimic speech
subtype: #corvine_bird__corvinebird birds of the crow family
subtype: #crow black birds having a raucous call
subtype: #American_crow__Corvus_brachyrhyncos common crow of N. America
subtype: #raven__Corvus_corax large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail
subtype: #Corvus_frugilegus__rook common gregarious Old World bird about the size and color of the American crow
subtype: #jackdaw__daw__Corvus_monedula common black-and-gray Eurasian bird noted for thievery
subtype: #chough a European corvine bird of small or medium size with red legs and glossy black plumage
subtype: #jay crested largely blue bird
subtype: #Old_World_jay a European jay
subtype: #common_European_jay__Garullus_garullus fawn-colored jay with black-and-white crest and blue-and-black wings
subtype: #New_World_jay a North American jay
subtype: #blue_jay__jaybird__Cyanocitta_cristata common jay of eastern North America; bright blue with grey breast
subtype: #Canada_jay__gray_jay__camp_robber__whisker_jack__whiskerjack__Perisoreus_canadensis gray jay of northern North America with black-capped head and no crest; noted for boldness in thievery
subtype: #Rocky_Mountain_jay__Perisoreus_canadensis_capitalis a Canada jay with a white head; widely distributed from Montana to Arizona
subtype: #nutcracker speckled birds that feed on nuts
subtype: #common_nutcracker__Nucifraga_caryocatactes Old World nutcracker
subtype: #Clark's_nutcracker__Nucifraga_columbiana nutcracker of the western United States
subtype: #magpie long-tailed black-and-white bird that utters a chattering call
subtype: #European_magpie__Pica_pica common European magpie
subtype: #American_magpie__Pica_pica_hudsonia magpie of Rocky mountain regions
subtype: #Australian_magpie black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies
subtype: #butcherbird.Australian_magpie large carnivorous Australian bird with the shrike-like habit of impaling prey on thorns
subtype: #currawong__bell_magpie bluish black fruit-eating bird with a bell-like call
subtype: #piping_crow-shrike__piping_crow__Gymnorhina_tibicen crow-sized black-and-white bird; a good mimic often caged
subtype: #mockingbird__mocker__Mimus_polyglotktos long-tailed gray-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds
subtype: #blue_mockingbird__Melanotis_caerulescens mockingbird of Mexico
subtype: #gray_catbird__catbird__Dumetella_carolinensis North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing
subtype: #thrasher__mocking_thrush__mockingthrush thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs
subtype: #brown_thrasher__brownthrasher__brown_thrush__brownthrush__Toxostoma_rufums common large songbird of eastern United States having reddish-brown plumage
subtype: #New_Zealand_wren birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens
subtype: #rock_wren__Xenicus_gilviventris short-tailed bird resembling a wren
subtype: #rifleman_bird__Acanthisitta_chloris small green-and-bronze bird
subtype: #tree_creeper__creeper any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb about on trees
subtype: #brown_creeper__browncreeper__American_creeper__Certhia_americana common American brown creeper with down-curved bill
subtype: #European_creeper__Certhia_familiaris common European brown-and-buff tree creeper with down-curved bill
subtype: #wall_creeper__tichodrome__Tichodroma_muriaria crimson-and-gray songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
subtype: #nuthatch__nutcracker any of various small short-tailed sharp-beaked birds that creep on trees and feed on small nuts and insects
subtype: #European_nuthatch__Sitta_europaea a kind of nuthatch
subtype: #red-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_canadensis bluish-gray nuthatch with reddish breast; of northern coniferous forests
subtype: #white-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_carolinensis bluish-gray nuthatch with black head and white breast; of eastern North America
subtype: #titmouse__tit small insectivorous birds
subtype: #chickadee any of various small gray-and-black songbirds of North America
subtype: #black-capped_chickadee__blackcap__Parus_atricapillus Chickadee having a dark crown
subtype: #Carolina_chickadee__Parus_carolinensis southern United States chickadee similar to the blackcap but smaller
subtype: #tufted_titmouse__Parus_bicolor crested titmouse of eastern and midwestern United States
subtype: #blue_tit__tomtit__Parus_caeruleus widely distributed European titmouse with bright cobalt blue wings and tail and crown of the head
subtype: #bushtit__bush_tit active gray titmice of western North America
subtype: #wren-tit__Chamaea_fasciata small brown bird of California resembling a wren
subtype: #verdin__Auriparus_flaviceps very small yellow-headed titmouse of Western North America
subtype: #fairy_bluebird__fairybluebird__bluebird fruit-eating mostly brilliant blue songbird of the East Indies
subtype: #swallow small long-winged songbird noted for swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations
subtype: #barn_swallow__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Hirundo_rustica common swallow of North America and Europe that nests in barns etc.
subtype: #cliff_swallow__cliffswallow__Hirundo_pyrrhonota North American swallow that lives in colonies and builds bottle-shaped mud nests on cliffs and walls
subtype: #tree_swallow__tree_martin__Hirundo_nigricans of Australia and Polynesia; nests in tree cavities
subtype: #white-bellied_swallow__whitebelliedswallow__tree_swallow__Iridoprocne_bicolor bluish-green-and-white North American swallow; nests in tree cavities
subtype: #martin any of various swallows with squarish or slightly forked tail and long pointed wings; migrate around Martinmas
subtype: #house_martin__housemartin__Delichon_urbica common small European martin that builds nests under the eaves of houses
subtype: #bank_martin__bank_swallow__sand_martin__Riparia_riparia swallow of the northern hemisphere that nests in tunnels dug in clay or sand banks
subtype: #purple_martin__Progne_subis large North American martin of which the male is blue-black
subtype: #wood_swallow__swallow_shrike__swallowshrike Australasian and Asiatic bird related to the shrikes and resembling a swallow
subtype: #tanager any of numerous New World woodland birds having brightly colored males
subtype: #scarlet_tanager__scarlettanager__Piranga_olivacea__redbird__firebird the male is bright red with black wings and tail
subtype: #western_tanager__westerntanager__Piranga_ludoviciana of western North America; male is black and yellow and orange-red
subtype: #summer_tanager__summer_redbird__Piranga_rubra of middle and southern United States; male is deep rose-red the female mostly yellow
subtype: #hepatic_tanager__hepatictanager__Piranga_flava_hepatica common tanager of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: #shrike any of numerous Old World birds having a strong hooked bill that feed on smaller animals
subtype: #butcherbird shrikes that impale their prey on thorns
subtype: #European_shrike__Lanius_excubitor common European butcherbird
subtype: #northern_shrike__Lanius_borealis butcherbird of northern North American
subtype: #white-rumped_shrike__Lanius_ludovicianus_excubitorides of western North America; gray with white underparts
subtype: #loggerhead_shrike__Lanius_lucovicianus common shrike of southeastern United States having black eye-bands
subtype: #migrant_shrike__migrantshrike__Lanius_ludovicianus_migrans of central North America; winters in Texas and the south Mississippi valley
subtype: #bush_shrike African shrike
subtype: #black-fronted_bush_shrike__Chlorophoneus_nigrifrons a kind of bush shrike
subtype: #bowerbird__catbird any of various birds of the Australian region whose males build ornamented structures resembling bowers in order to attract females
subtype: #satin_bowerbird__satinbowerbird__satin_bird__satinbird__Ptilonorhynchus_violaceus of southeast Australia; male is glossy violet blue; female is light gray-green
subtype: #great_bowerbird__greatbowerbird__Chlamydera_nuchalis large bowerbird of northern Australia
subtype: #water_ouzel__waterouzel__dipper small stocky diving bird without webbed feet; frequents fast-flowing streams and feeds along the bottom
subtype: #European_water_ouzel__Cinclus_aquaticus a water ouzel of Europe
subtype: #American_water_ouzel__Cinclus_mexicanus a water ouzel of western North America
subtype: #vireo any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-gray in color
subtype: #red-eyed_vireo__Vireo_olivaceous of northern North America having red irises and a olive-gray body with white underparts
subtype: #solitary_vireo__Vireo_solitarius of eastern North America having a bluish-gray head and mostly green body
subtype: #blue-headed_vireo__Vireo_solitarius_solitarius common vireo of northeastern North America with bluish slaty-gray head
subtype: #waxwing brown velvety-plumaged songbirds of the northern hemisphere having crested heads and red waxy wing tips
subtype: #cedar_waxwing__cedarwaxwing__cedarbird__bombycillacedrorun widely distributed over temperate North America
subtype: #Bohemian_waxwing__Bombycilla_garrulus large waxwing of northern North America; similar to but larger than the cedar waxwing
subtype: #true_sparrow__sparrow any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects
subtype: #English_sparrow__house_sparrow__housesparrow__Passer_domesticus small hardy brown-and-gray bird native to Europe
subtype: #tree_sparrow__Passer_montanus Eurasian sparrow smaller than the house sparrow
subtype: #lyrebird Australian bird that resembles a pheasant; the courting male displays long tail feathers in a lyre shape
subtype: #scrubbird__scrub_bird__scrubbird small fast-running Australian bird resembling a wren and frequenting brush or scrub
subtype: #broadbill small birds of the Old World tropics having bright plumage and short wide bills
subtype: #tyrannid a passerine bird of the suborder Tyranni
subtype: #New_World_flycatcher__flycatcher__tyrant_flycatcher__tyrant_bird large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing
subtype: #kingbird__Tyrannus_tyrannus large American flycatcher
subtype: #Arkansas_kingbird__western_kingbird__westernkingbird a kingbird seen in western United States; head and back are pale gray and the breast is yellowish and the tail is black
subtype: #Cassin's_kingbird__Tyrannus_vociferans a kingbird seen in the southwestern United States; largely gray with a yellow abdomen
subtype: #eastern_kingbird__easternkingbird a kingbird that breeds in North American and winters in tropical America; distinguished by a white band on the tip of the tail
subtype: #gray_kingbird__petchary__Tyrannus_domenicensis_domenicensis a kingbird that breeds in the southeastern United States and winters in tropical America; similar to but larger than the eastern kingbird
subtype: #wood_pewee__pewee__peewit__pewit__Contopus_virens small olive-colored woodland flycatchers of eastern North America
subtype: #western_wood_pewee__Contopus_sordidulus small flycatcher of western North America
subtype: #Sayornis_phoebe__phoebe__phoebe_bird small dun-colored North American flycatcher
subtype: #vermillion_flycatcher__firebird__Pyrocephalus_rubinus_mexicanus tropical American flycatcher found as far north as southern Texas and Arizona; adult male has bright scarlet and black plumage
subtype: #cotinga__chatterer passerine bird of New World tropics
subtype: #Rupicola_rupicola__cock_of_the_rock tropical bird of northern South America the male having brilliant red or orange plumage and an erectile disklike crest
subtype: #cock_of_the_rock__Rupicola_peruviana bird of the Andes similar to Rupicola rupicola
subtype: #bellbird any of several tropical American birds of the genus Procnias having a bell-like call
subtype: #umbrella_bird__Cephalopterus_ornatus black tropical American bird having a large overhanging crest and long feathered wattle
subtype: #scissortail__scissortailed_flycatcher__scissortailedflycatcher__Muscivora-forficata gray flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings
subtype: #manakin any of numerous small bright-colored birds of Central and South America having short bills and elaborate courtship behavior
subtype: #ovenbird small brownish South American birds that build oven-shaped clay nests
subtype: #antbird__ant_bird__antbird any of various dull-colored South American birds that feeding on ants some following army ant swarms
subtype: #ant_thrush__antthrush a kind of antbird
subtype: #ant_shrike__antshrike antbirds superficially resembling shrikes
subtype: #spotted_antbird__spottedantbird__Hylophylax_naevioides a kind of antbird
subtype: #woodhewer__woodcreeper__tree_creeper any of numerous South and Central American birds with a curved bill and stiffened tail feathers that climb and feed like woodpeckers
subtype: #pitta any bird of the genus Pitta; brilliantly colored chiefly terrestrial birds with short wings and tail and stout bills
subtype: #jenny_wren__jennywren__wren and of several small active brown birds of the northern hemisphere with short upright tails; they feed on insects
subtype: #winter_wren__Troglodytes_troglodytes small wren of coniferous forests of northern hemisphere
subtype: #house_wren__housewren__Troglodytes_aedon common American wren that nests around houses
subtype: #marsh_wren__marshwren a wren of the genus Cistothorus that frequents marshes
subtype: #long-billed_marsh_wren__Cistothorus_palustris American wren that inhabits tall reed beds
subtype: #sedge_wren__sedgewren__short-billed_marsh_wren__Cistothorus_platensis small American wren inhabiting wet sedgy meadows
subtype: #Salpinctes_obsoletus__rock_wren wren inhabiting badlands and mesa country of western United States and Mexico
subtype: #Carolina_wren__Thryothorus_ludovicianus large United States wren with a musical call
subtype: #cactus_wren large harsh-voiced American wren of arid regions of the United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: #nonpasserine_bird chiefly arboreal birds especially of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #bird_of_prey__raptor__raptorial_bird__raptorialbird any of numerous carnivorous birds that hunt and kill other animals
subtype: #order_Accipitriformes__Accipitriformes in some classifications an alternative name for the Falconiformes
subtype: #hawk diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail
subtype: #eyas an unfledged or nestling hawk
subtype: #tiercel__tercel__tercelet male hawk especially male peregrine or gyrfalcon
subtype: #goshawk__Accipiter_gentilis large hawk of Eurasia and North America used in falconry
subtype: #Accipiter_nisus__sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk small hawk of Eurasia and North Africa
subtype: #Cooper's_hawk__blue_darter__Accipiter_cooperii bluish-gray North American hawk having a darting flight
subtype: #chicken_hawk__chickenhawk__henhawk nontechnical term for any hawks said to prey on poultry
subtype: #buteonine any hawk of the genus Buteo
subtype: #redtail__redtailedhawk__Buteo_jamaicensis dark brown American hawk species having a reddish-brown tail
subtype: #rough-legged_hawk__roughleg__Buteo_lagopus large hawk of the northern hemisphere that feeds chiefly on small rodents and is beneficial to farmers
subtype: #red-shouldered_hawk__Buteo_lineatus North American hawk with reddish brown shoulders
subtype: #buzzard__Buteo_buteo the common European short-winged hawk
subtype: #honey_buzzard__honeybuzzard__Pernis_apivorus Old World hawk that feeds on bee larvae and small rodents and reptiles
subtype: #kite any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals
subtype: #black_kite__blackkite__Milvus_migrans dark Old World kite feeding chiefly on carrion
subtype: #swallow-tailed_kite__swallow-tailed_hawk__Elanoides_forficatus graceful North American black-and-white kite
subtype: #white-tailed_kite__Elanus_leucurus gray-and-white American kite of warm and tropical regions
subtype: #harrier hawks that hunt over meadows and marshes and prey on small terrestrial animals
subtype: #marsh_harrier__marshharrier__Circus_Aeruginosus Old World harrier frequenting marshy regions
subtype: #Montagu's_harrier__Circus_pygargus brownish European harrier
subtype: #marsh_hawk__marshhawk__northern_harrier__hen_harrier__henharrier__Circus_cyaneus common harrier of North America and Europe; nests in marshes and open land
subtype: #harrier_eagle__harriereagle__short-toed_eagle any of numerous large Old Wold hawks intermediate in some respects between typical hawks and typical eagles
subtype: #falcon diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight
subtype: #peregrine_falcon__peregrinefalcon__Falco_peregrinus a widely distributed falcon formerly used in falconry
subtype: #falcon-gentle__falcon-gentil female falcon especially a female peregrine falcon
subtype: #gyrfalcon__gerfalcon__Falco_rusticolus large and rare arctic falcon having white and dark color phases
subtype: #Falco_tinnunculus__kestrel small Old World falcon that hovers in the air against a wind
subtype: #sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk__americankestrel__kestrel__Falco_sparverius small North American falcon
subtype: #pigeon_hawk__merlin__Falco_columbarius small falcon of Europe and America having dark plumage with black-barred tail; used in falconry
subtype: #Falco_subbuteo__hobby small Old World falcon formerly trained and flown at small birds
subtype: #caracara any of various long-legged carrion-eating hawks of South and Central America
subtype: #Audubon's_caracara__Polyborus_cheriway_audubonii widespread from southern United States to Central America; rusty black with black-and-white breast and tail
subtype: #carancha__Polyborus_plancus South American caracara
subtype: #osprey__fish_hawk__fish_eagle__sea_eagle__seaeagle__Pandion_haliaetus large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years
subtype: #bird_of_Jove__eagle any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight
subtype: #eaglet a young eagle
subtype: #harpy_eagle__harpyeagle__harpy__Harpia_harpyja large black-and-white crested eagle of tropical America
subtype: #golden_eagle__Aquila_chrysaetos large eagle of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck
subtype: #ringtail an immature golden eagle
subtype: #tawny_eagle__tawnyeagle__Aquila_rapax brownish eagle of Africa and parts of Asia
subtype: #bald_eagle__American_eagle__Haliaeetus_leucocephalus large North American eagle having a white head and dark wings and body
subtype: #sea_eagle__seaeagle any of various large eagles that usually feed on fish
subtype: #Kamchatkan_sea_eagle__Stellar's_sea_eagle__Haliaeetus_pelagicus found on coasts of western north Pacific
subtype: #ern__erne__gray_sea_eagle__European_sea_eagle__white-tailed_sea_eagle__Haliatus_albicilla bulky grayish-brown eagle with a short wedge-shaped white tail; of Europe and Greenland
subtype: #fishing_eagle__fishingeagle__Haliaeetus_leucorhyphus of southeast Europe and central Asia
subtype: #vulture any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion
subtype: #family_Aegypiidae__Aegypiidae in some classifications considered the family comprising the Old World vultures which are more often included in the family Accipitridae
subtype: #Old_World_vulture any of several large vultures of Africa and Eurasia
subtype: #griffon_vulture__griffonvulture__griffon__Gyps_fulvus large vulture of southern Europe and northern Africa having pale plumage with black wings
subtype: #bearded_vulture__beardedvulture__lammergeier__lammergeyer__Gypaetus_barbatus the largest Eurasian bird of prey; having black feathers hanging around the bill
subtype: #Egyptian_vulture__Pharaoh's_chicken__Neophron_percnopterus small mostly white vulture of Africa and southern Eurasia
subtype: #Aegypius_monachus__black_vulture__blackvulture of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
subtype: #New_World_vulture__cathartid large birds of prey superficially similar to Old World vultures
subtype: #turkey_buzzard__buzzard__turkey_vulture__Cathartes_aura common in South and Central America and southern United States
subtype: #condor largest flying birds in the western hemisphere
subtype: #Andean_condor__Vultur_gryphus large vulture of the high Andes having black plumage and white neck ruff
subtype: #California_condor__Gymnogyps_californianus North American condor; chiefly dull black; almost extinct
subtype: #black_vulture__blackvulture__carrion_crow__carrioncrow__Coragyps_atratus American vulture smaller than the turkey buzzard
subtype: #king_vulture__Sarcorhamphus_papa large black-and-white vulture of South and Central America have colorful wattles and wartlike protuberances on head and neck
subtype: #secretary_bird__secretarybird__Sagittarius_serpentarius large long-legged African bird of prey that feeds on reptiles
subtype: #owl__bird_of_Minerva__bird_of_night__hooter nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes
subtype: #owlet young owl
subtype: #little_owl__Athene_noctua small European owl
subtype: #horned_owl large owls having prominent ear tufts
subtype: #great_horned_owl__Bubo_virginianus brown North American horned owl
subtype: #great_gray_owl__Strix_nebulosa large dish-faced owl of northern North America and western Eurasia
subtype: #tawny_owl__tawnyowl__Strix_aluco reddish-brown European owl having a round head with black eyes
subtype: #barred_owl__Strix_varia large owl of eastern North America having its breast and abdomen streaked with brown
subtype: #Otus_asio__screech_owl__screechowl small North American owl having hornlike tufts of feathers
subtype: #screech_owl__screechowl any owl that has a screeching cry
subtype: #scops_owl__scopsowl any of several small owls having ear tufts and a whistling call
subtype: #Old_World_scops_owl__Otus_scops European scops owl
subtype: #Oriental_scops_owl__Otus_sunia Asian scops owl
subtype: #hoot_owl any owl that hoots as distinct from screeching
subtype: #hawk_owl__Surnia_ulula gray-and-white diurnal hawk-like owl of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #long-eared_owl__Asio_otus slender European owl of coniferous forests with long ear tufts
subtype: #laughing_owl__laughing_jackass__Sceloglaux_albifacies almost extinct owl of New Zealand
subtype: #barn_owl__Tyto_alba mottled buff and white owl often inhabiting barns and other structures; important in rodent control
subtype: #gallinaceous_bird__gallinaceon heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds
subtype: #domestic_fowl__fowl__poultry a domesticated gallinaceous bird though to be descended from the red jungle fowl
subtype: #Dorking an English breed of large domestic fowl having five toes (the hind toe doubled)
subtype: #Plymouth_Rock an American breed of domestic fowl
subtype: #Cornish English breed of compact domestic fowl; raised primarily to crossbreed to produce roasters
subtype: #Rock_Cornish small plump hybrid developed by crossbreeding Plymouth Rock and Cornish fowl
subtype: #game_fowl any of several breeds reared for cock-fighting
subtype: #cochin_china__cochin Asian breed of large fowl with dense plumage and feathered legs
subtype: #chicken__Gallus_gallus a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl
subtype: #bantam any of various small breeds
subtype: #chick__biddy young bird especially of domestic fowl
subtype: #rooster__cock adult male chicken
subtype: #cockerel a young domestic cock; not older than one year
subtype: #capon castrated male chicken
subtype: #biddy__hen adult female chicken
subtype: #cackler a hen that has just laid an egg and emits a shrill squawk
subtype: #brood_hen__broodhen__broody__broody_hen__setting_hen__settinghen__sitter a domestic hen ready to brood
subtype: #layer.biddy a hen that lays eggs
subtype: #pullet young hen usually less than a year old
subtype: #spring_chicken a young chicken having tender meat
subtype: #Rhode_Island_red American breed of heavy-bodied brownish-red general-purpose chicken
subtype: #Dominique__Dominick American breed of chicken having barred gray plumage raised for meat and brown eggs
subtype: #Orpington English breed of large white-skinned chickens
subtype: #Meleagris_gallopavo__turkey large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food
subtype: #turkey_cock__gobbler__tom__tomturkey male turkey
subtype: #guinea_fowl__guinea__Numida_meleagris W African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world
subtype: #guinea_hen female guinea fowl
subtype: #jungle_fowl__gallina small Asiatic wild bird; believed to be ancestral to domestic fowl
subtype: #jungle_cock male jungle fowl
subtype: #jungle_hen female jungle fowl
subtype: #red_jungle_fowl__Gallus_gallus SE Asian jungle fowl considered ancestral to domestic fowl
subtype: #ocellated_turkey__ocellatedturkey__agriocharisocellata wild turkey of Central and northern South America
subtype: #game_bird any bird hunted as game
subtype: #grouse popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet
subtype: #black_grouse__blackgrouse grouse of which the male is bluish-black
subtype: #European_black_grouse__heathfowl__Lyrurus_tetrix large north European black grouse with a lyre-shaped tail
subtype: #Asian_black_grouse__Lyrurus_mlokosiewiczi of W. Asia
subtype: #blackcock__black_cock__blackcock male black grouse
subtype: #grayhen__gray_hen__heath_hen female black grouse
subtype: #ptarmigan large arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage
subtype: #red_grouse__redgrouse__moorfowl__moorbird__moorgame__Lagopus_scoticus reddish-brown grouse of upland moors of Great Britain
subtype: #moorhen female red grouse
subtype: #moorcock male red grouse
subtype: #capercaillie__capercailzie__horse_of_the_wood__Tetrao_urogallus large black Old World grouse
subtype: #spruce_grouse__Canachites_canadensis North American grouse that feeds on evergreen buds and needles
subtype: #sage_grouse__sage_hen__Centrocercus_urophasianus large grouse of sagebrush regions of North America
subtype: #ruffed_grouse__partridge__Bonasa_umbellus valued as a game bird in eastern United States and Canada
subtype: #sharp-tailed_grouse__sprigtail__pedioecetesphasianellu large grouse of prairies and open forests of western North America
subtype: #prairie_chicken__prairiechicken__prairie_grouse__prairiegrouse__prairie_fowl__prairiefowl brown mottled North American grouse of western prairies
subtype: #greater_prairie_chicken__Tympanuchus_cupido the most common variety of prairie chicken
subtype: #lesser_prairie_chicken__Tympanuchus_pallidicinctus a smaller prairie chicken of Western Texas
subtype: #heath_hen__Tympanuchus_cupido_cupido extinct prairie chicken
subtype: #phasianid a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae
subtype: #pheasant large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere
subtype: #ring-necked_pheasant__Phasianus_colchicus common pheasant having bright plumage and a white neck ring
subtype: #afropavo__Congo_peafowl__Afropavo_congensis both sexes are brightly colored
subtype: #argus_pheasant__arguspheasant__argus__argu large brilliantly patterned East Indian pheasant
subtype: #golden_pheasant__Chrysolophus_pictus brightly colored crested pheasant of mountains of western and central Asia
subtype: #monal__monaul brilliantly colored south Asian pheasant
subtype: #peafowl__bird_of_Juno very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird
subtype: #peachick a young peafowl
subtype: #peacock male peafowl; having a crested head and very large fanlike tail marked with iridescent eyes or spots
subtype: #peahen female peafowl
subtype: #blue_peafowl__Pavo_cristatus peafowl of India and Ceylon
subtype: #green_peafowl__greenpeafowl__Pavo_muticus peafowl of southeast Asia
subtype: #tragopan brilliantly colored Asian pheasant having wattles and two fleshy processes on the head
subtype: #quail small gallinaceous game birds
subtype: #bobwhite_quail__bobwhite__partridge a popular North American game bird; named for its call
subtype: #northern_bobwhite__Colinus_virginianus a favorite game bird of eastern and central United States
subtype: #Old_World_quail small game bird with a rounded body and small tail
subtype: #migratory_quail__migratoryquail__Coturnix_coturnix__Coturnix_communis the typical Old World quail
subtype: #California_quail__Lofortyx_californicus plump chunky bird of coastal California and Oregon
subtype: #partridge small Old World gallinaceous game birds
subtype: #Hungarian_partridge__gray_partridge__Perdix_perdix common European partridge
subtype: #red-legged_partridge__Alectoris_ruffa common western European partridge with red legs
subtype: #Greek_partridge__rock_partridge__Alectoris_graeca of mountainous areas of southern Europe
subtype: #mountain_quail__mountain_partridge__Oreortyx_picta_palmeri California partridge; slightly larger than the California quail
subtype: #tinamou__partridge heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird resembling a gallinaceous bird but related to the ratite birds
subtype: #guan any of several large turkey-like game birds of the family Cracidae; native to jungles of tropical America; resembling the curassows and valued as food
subtype: #piping_guan a kind of guan
subtype: #curassow large crested arboreal game bird of warm parts of the Americas having long legs and tails; highly esteemed as game and food
subtype: #chachalaca slender arboreal guan resembling a wild turkey; native to Central America and Mexico; highly regarded as game birds
subtype: #Texas_chachalaca__Ortilis_vetula_macalli of Mexico and Texas
subtype: #megapode__moundbird__mound_builder__moundbuilder__scrub_fowl__scrubfowl large-footed short-winged birds of Australasia; build mounds of decaying vegetation to incubate eggs
subtype: #mallee_fowl__leipoa__lowan__Leipoa_ocellata Australian moundbird; incubates eggs naturally in sandy mounds
subtype: #mallee_hen adult female mallee fowl
subtype: #brush_turkey__brushturkey__Alectura_lathami black megapode of wooded regions of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: #Macrocephalon_maleo__maleo Celebes megapode that lays eggs in holes in sandy beaches
subtype: #hoatzin__hoactzin__stinkbird__Opisthocomus_hoazin crested ill-smelling South American bird whose young have claws on the first and second digits of the wings
subtype: #columbiform_bird__columbiformbird cosmopolitan order of land birds having small heads and short legs with four unwebbed toes
subtype: #Raphus_cucullatus__dodo extinct heavy flightless bird of Mauritius related to pigeons
subtype: #Pezophaps_solitaria__solitaire extinct flightless bird related to the dodo
subtype: #pigeon wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs
subtype: #pouter_pigeon__pouter one of a breed of pigeon that enlarge their crop until their breast is puffed out
subtype: #dove any of numerous small pigeons
subtype: #turtledove any of several Old World wild doves
subtype: #Streptopelia_turtur the common European wild dove noted for its plaintive cooing
subtype: #ringdove__Streptopelia_risoria grayish Old World turtledove with a black band around the neck; often caged
subtype: #Australian_turtledove__turtledove__Stictopelia_cuneata small Australian dove
subtype: #mourning_dove__Zenaidura_macroura wild dove of the United States having a mournful call
subtype: #rock_dove__rock_pigeon__Columba_livia pale gray Eurasian pigeon having black-striped wings from which most domestic species are descended
subtype: #band-tailed_pigeon__band-tail_pigeon__bandtail__Columba_fasciata wild pigeon of western North America; often mistaken for the now extinct passenger pigeon
subtype: #wood_pigeon__ringdove__cushat__Columba_palumbus Eurasian pigeon with white patches on wings and neck
subtype: #domestic_pigeon domesticated pigeon raised for sport or food
subtype: #fairy_swallow__fairyswallow fancy domestic pigeon having blue-and-white plumage and heavily muffed feet
subtype: #tumbler_pigeon__tumblerpigeon__roller__tumbler pigeon that executes backward somersaults in flight or on the ground
subtype: #homing_pigeon__homer pigeon trained to return home
subtype: #carrier_pigeon__carrierpigeon a homing pigeon used to carry messages
subtype: #squab an unfledged pigeon
subtype: #passenger_pigeon__passengerpigeon__Ectopistes_migratorius gregarious North American migratory pigeon now extinct
subtype: #sandgrouse__sand_grouse pigeon-like bird of arid regions of the Old World having long pointed wings and tail and precocial downy young
subtype: #painted_sandgrouse__paintedsandgrouse__Pterocles_indicus sandgrouse of India
subtype: #pin-tailed_sandgrouse__pin-tailed_grouse__Pterocles_alchata sandgrouse of Europe and Africa having elongated middle tail feathers
subtype: #pallas's_sandgrouse__Syrrhaptes_paradoxus Eurasiatic sandgrouse with a black patch on the belly
subtype: #parrot usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds
subtype: #popinjay archaic
subtype: #poll_parrot__poll a tame parrot
subtype: #African_gray__Psittacus_erithacus commonly domesticated gray parrot with red-and-black tail and white face; native to equatorial Africa
subtype: #amazon mainly green tropical American parrots
subtype: #macaw long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots
subtype: #kea__Nestor_notabilis large brownish-green New Zealand parrot
subtype: #cockatoo white or light-colored crested parrot of the Australian region; often kept as cage birds
subtype: #sulphur-crested_cockatoo__sulphurcrestedcockatoo__Kakatoe_galerita__Cacatua_galerita white cockatoo with a yellow erectile crest
subtype: #pink_cockatoo__Kakatoe_leadbeateri white Australian cockatoo with roseate tinged plumage
subtype: #cockateel__cockatiel__cockatooparrot__Nymphicus_hollandicus small gray Australian parrot with a yellow crested head
subtype: #lovebird small African parrot noted for showing affection for their mates
subtype: #lory small brightly colored Australasian parrots having a brush-tipped tongue for feeding on nectar and soft fruits
subtype: #lorikeet any of various small lories
subtype: #varied_Lorikeet__Glossopsitta_versicolor lorikeet with a colorful coat
subtype: #rainbow_lorikeet__rainbowlorikeet__Trichoglossus_moluccanus a kind of lorikeet
subtype: #parakeet__parrakeet__parroket__paraquet__paroquet__parroquet any of numerous small slender long-tailed parrots
subtype: #Carolina_parakeet__Conuropsis_carolinensis extinct parakeet whose range extended far into the United States
subtype: #budgerigar__budgereegah__budgie__grass_parakeet__grassparakeet__lovebird__shell_parakeet__shellparakeet__Melopsittacus_undulatus small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors
subtype: #ring-necked_parakeet__Psittacula_krameri African parakeet
subtype: #cuculiform_bird birds having zygodactyl feet (except for the touracos)
subtype: #cuckoo any of numerous European and North American birds having pointed wings and a long tail
subtype: #European_cuckoo__Cuculus_canorus common European cuckoo having a distinctive two-note call; lays eggs in the nests of other birds
subtype: #black-billed_cuckoo__Coccyzus_erythropthalmus North American cuckoo; builds a nest and rears its own young
subtype: #roadrunner__chaparral_cock__chaparralcock__Geococcyx_californianus speedy largely terrestrial bird found from California and Mexico to Texas
subtype: #ani black tropical American cuckoo
subtype: #coucal Old World ground-living cuckoo having a long dagger-like hind claw
subtype: #crow_pheasant__Centropus_sinensis common coucal of India and China
subtype: #pheasant_coucal__pheasant_cuckoo__Centropus_phasianinus Australian bird with a tail like a pheasant
subtype: #touraco__turaco__turacou__turakoo large brightly crested bird of Africa
subtype: #coraciiform_bird__coraciiformbird chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes
subtype: #roller.coraciiform_bird Old World bird that tumbles or rolls in flight; related to kingfishers
subtype: #European_roller__Coracias_garrulus common European blue-and-green roller with a reddish-brown back
subtype: #ground_roller Madagascan roller with terrestrial and crepuscular habits that feeds on e.g. insects and worms
subtype: #kingfisher nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish
subtype: #Eurasian_kingfisher__Alcedo_atthis small kingfisher with greenish-blue and orange plumage
subtype: #belted_kingfisher__Ceryle_alcyon grayish-blue North American kingfisher with a chestnut band on its chest
subtype: #kookaburra__laughing_jackass__Dacelo_gigas Australian kingfisher having a loud cackling cry
subtype: #bee_eater__beeeater colorful chiefly tropical Old World bird having a strong graceful flight; feeds on especially bees
subtype: #hornbill bird of tropical Africa and Asia having a very large bill surmounted by a bony protuberance; related to kingfishers
subtype: #hoopoe__hoopoo any of several crested Old World birds with a slender down-curving bill
subtype: #Euopean_hoopoe__Upupa_epops pinkish-brown hoopoe with black-and-white wings
subtype: #wood_hoopoe tropical African bird having metallic blackish plumage but no crest
subtype: #motmot__momot tropical American bird resembling a blue jay and having greenish and bluish plumage
subtype: #tody tiny insectivorous West Indian bird having red-and-green plumage and a long straight bill
subtype: #apodiform_bird__apodiformbird nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight
subtype: #swift small plain-colored bird that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight
subtype: #European_swift__Apus_apus common European bird with a shrieking call that nests chiefly about eaves of buildings or on cliffs
subtype: #chimney_swift__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Chateura_pelagica American swift that nests in e.g. unused chimneys
subtype: #swiftlet__Collocalia_inexpectata swift of eastern Asia; produces the edible bird's nest
subtype: #tree_swift__crested_swift__crestedswift birds of southeast Asia and East Indies differing from true swifts in having upright crests and nesting in trees
subtype: #hummingbird tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight
subtype: #Archilochus_colubris a kind of hummingbird
subtype: #thornbill any of various South American hummingbirds with a sharp pointed bill
subtype: #caprimulgiform_bird long-winged nonpasserine birds
subtype: #goatsucker__nightjar__caprimulgid mainly crepuscular or nocturnal nonpasserine birds with mottled grayish-brown plumage and large eyes; feed on insects
subtype: #European_goatsucker__European_nightjar__Caprimulgus_europaeus Old World goatsucker
subtype: #chuck-will's-widow__Caprimulgus_carolinensis large whippoorwill-like bird of the southern United States
subtype: #whippoorwill__Caprimulgus_vociferus American nocturnal goatsucker with gray-and-white plumage
subtype: #nighthawk__bullbat__mosquito_hawk mainly nocturnal North American goatsucker
subtype: #poorwill__Phalaenoptilus_nuttallii goatsucker of western North America
subtype: #frogmouth insectivorous bird of Australia and southeastern Asia having a wide frog-like mouth
subtype: #oilbird__guacharo__Steatornis_caripensis nocturnal fruit-eating bird of South America that has fatty young yielding an oil that is used instead of butter
subtype: #piciform_bird any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood
subtype: #woodpecker__peckerwood__pecker bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects
subtype: #green_woodpecker__greenwoodpecker__Picus_viridis woodpecker of Europe and western Asia
subtype: #downy_woodpecked__downywoodpecked small North American woodpecker with black and white plumage and a small bill
subtype: #flicker North American woodpecker
subtype: #yellow-shafted_flicker__Colaptes_auratus__yellowhammer large flicker of eastern North America with a red neck and yellow undersurface to wings and tail
subtype: #gilded_flicker__Colaptes_chrysoides southwestern United States bird like the yellow-shafted flicker but lacking the red neck
subtype: #red-shafted_flicker__redshaftedflicker__Colaptes_caper_collaris western United States bird with red undersurface to wings and tail
subtype: #ivorybill__ivory-billed_woodpecker__Campephilus_principalis large black-and-white woodpecker of southern United States and Cuba having an ivory bill; nearly extinct
subtype: #redheaded_woodpecker__redheadedwoodpecker__redhead__melanerpeserythrocephalu black-and-white North American woodpecker having a red head and neck
subtype: #sapsucker small American woodpecker that feeds on sap from e.g. apple and maple trees
subtype: #yellow-bellied_sapsucker__Sphyrapicus_varius eastern North American sapsucker having a pale yellow abdomen
subtype: #red-breasted_sapsucker__Sphyrapicus_varius_ruber western North American sapsucker
subtype: #wryneck Old World woodpecker with a peculiar habit of twisting the neck
subtype: #piculet small woodpeckers of South America and Africa and East Indies having soft rounded tail feathers
subtype: #barbet small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings
subtype: #puffbird brownish tropical American bird having a large head with fluffed out feathers
subtype: #honey_guide__honeyguide small bird of tropical Africa and Asia; feeds on beeswax and honey and larvae
subtype: #jacamar tropical American insectivorous bird having a long sharp bill and iridescent green or bronze plumage
subtype: #toucan brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak
subtype: #toucanet small toucan
subtype: #trogon forest bird of warm regions of the New World having brilliant lustrous plumage and long tails
subtype: #quetzal_bird__quetzalbird__quetzal large trogon of Central and South America having golden-green and scarlet plumage
subtype: #resplendent_quetzel__resplendentquetzel__resplendent_trogon__resplendenttrogon__Pharomacrus_mocino very rare Central American bird; the national bird of Guatemala
subtype: #aquatic_bird__aquaticbird wading and swimming and diving birds of either fresh or salt water
subtype: #waterfowl__water_bird__waterbird__waterbird freshwater aquatic bird
subtype: #anseriform_bird chiefly web-footed swimming birds
subtype: #duck small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs
subtype: #drake adult male of a wild or domestic duck
subtype: #quack-quack child's word for a duck
subtype: #duckling young duck
subtype: #diving_duck any of various ducks of especially bays and estuaries that dive for their food
subtype: #dabbling_duck__dabbler any of numerous shallow-water ducks that feed by upending and dabbling
subtype: #mallard__Anas_platyrhynchos wild dabbling duck from which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed
subtype: #black_duck__blackduck__Anas_rubripes dusky black duck of northeastern United States and Canada
subtype: #teal any of various small short-necked dabbling river ducks of Europe and America
subtype: #greenwing__green-winged_teal__Anas_crecca common teal of Eurasia and North America
subtype: #bluewing__blue-winged_teal__Anas_discors American teal
subtype: #garganey__Anas_querquedula small Eurasian teal
subtype: #widgeon__wigeon__Anas_penelope freshwater duck of Eurasia and North Africa related to mallards and teals
subtype: #American_widgeon__baldpate__Anas_americana American widgeon the male of which has a white crown
subtype: #Anas_clypeata__shoveler__shoveller__broadbill freshwater duck of the northern hemisphere having a broad flat bill
subtype: #pintail__pin-tailed_duck__Anas_acuta long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers
subtype: #sheldrake Old World gooselike duck slightly larger than a mallard with variegated mostly black-and-white plumage and a red bill
subtype: #shelduck female sheldrake
subtype: #ruddy_duck__ruddyduck__oxyurajamaicensi reddish-brown stiff-tailed duck of North America and and northern South America
subtype: #bufflehead__butterball__dipper__Bucephela_albeola small North American diving duck; males have bushy head plumage
subtype: #goldeneye__whistler__Bucephela_clangula large-headed swift-flying diving duck of arctic regions
subtype: #Barrow's_goldeneye__Bucephala_islandica North American goldeneye diving duck
subtype: #canvasback_duck__canvasback__Aythya_valisineria North American wild duck valued for sport and food
subtype: #pochard__Aythya_ferina heavy-bodied Old World diving duck having a gray-and-black body and reddish head
subtype: #Aythya_americana__redhead North American diving duck with a gray-and-black body and reddish-brown head
subtype: #scaup_duck__scaupduck__bluebill__broadbill diving ducks of North America having a bluish-gray bill
subtype: #greater_scaup__greaterscaup__Aythya_marila large scaup of North America having a greenish iridescence on the head of the male
subtype: #lesser_scaup_duck__lesser_scaup__lake_duck__Aythya_affinis common scaup of North America; males have purplish heads
subtype: #wild_duck an undomesticated duck (especially a mallard)
subtype: #wood_duck__summer_duck__wood_widgeon__Aix_sponsa showy North American duck that nests in hollow trees
subtype: #wood_drake male wood duck
subtype: #mandarin_duck__Aix_galericulata showy crested Asiatic duck; often domesticated
subtype: #muscovy_duck__muscovyduck__muskduck__Cairina_moschata large crested wild duck of Central and South America; widely domesticated
subtype: #sea_duck__seaduck any of various large diving ducks found along the seacoast: eider; scoter; merganser
subtype: #eider_duck__eiderduck duck of the northern hemisphere much valued for the fine soft down of the females
subtype: #scoter__scooter large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #common_scoter__Melanitta_nigra a variety of scoter
subtype: #old_squaw__oldsquaw__oldwife__clangulahyemali a common long-tailed sea duck of the northern parts of the United States
subtype: #merganser__fish_duck__sawbill large crested fish-eating diving duck having a slender hooked bill with serrated edges
subtype: #goosander__Mergus_merganser common merganser of Europe and North America
subtype: #American_merganser__Mergus_merganser_americanus common North American diving duck considered a variety of the European goosander
subtype: #red-breasted_merganser__Mergus_serrator widely distributed merganser of America and Europe
subtype: #smew__Mergus_albellus smallest merganser and most expert diver; found in northern Eurasia
subtype: #hooded_merganser__hooded_sheldrake__Lophodytes_cucullatus small North American duck with a high circular crest on the male's head
subtype: #goose web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks
subtype: #gosling young goose
subtype: #gander mature male goose
subtype: #Chinese_goose__Anser_cygnoides very large wild goose of northeast Asia; interbreeds freely with the graylag
subtype: #graylag__greylag__greylag_goose__greylaggoose__Anser_anser common gray wild goose of Europe; ancestor of many domestic breeds
subtype: #blue_goose__Chen_caerulescens North American wild goose having dark plumage in summer but white in winter
subtype: #snow_goose blue goose in the white color phase
subtype: #brant_goose__brantgoose__brant__brent__brent_goose__brentgoose small dark geese that breed in the north and migrate southward
subtype: #common_brant_goose__Branta_bernicla the best known variety of brant goose
subtype: #Canada_goose__honker__Canadian_goose__Branta_canadensis common grayish-brown wild goose of North America
subtype: #barnacle_goose__barnacle__Branta_leucopsis European goose smaller than the brant; breeds in the far north
subtype: #screamer gooselike aquatic bird of South America having a harsh trumpeting call
subtype: #horned_screamer__Anhima_cornuta screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead
subtype: #crested_screamer__crestedscreamer distinguished from the horned screamer by a feathery crest on the back of the head
subtype: #chaja__Chauna_torquata largest crested screamer; naive to southern Brazil and Argentina
subtype: #swan stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult
subtype: #coscoroba large white South American bird intermediate in some respects between ducks and swans
subtype: #cob adult male swan
subtype: #pen.swan female swan
subtype: #cygnet a young swan
subtype: #mute_swan__Cygnus_olor soundless Eurasian swan; commonly domesticated
subtype: #whooper_swan__whooperswan__whooper__Cygnus_cygnus common Old World swan noted for its whooping call
subtype: #tundra_swan__Cygnus_columbianus swan that nests in tundra regions of the New and Old Worlds
subtype: #whistling_swan__whistlingswan__cygnuscolumbianuscolumbianu North American subspecies of tundra swan having a soft whistling note
subtype: #Bewick's_swan__Cygnus_columbianus_bewickii Eurasian subspecies of tundra swan; smaller than the whooper
subtype: #trumpeter_swan__trumpeterswan__trumpeter__Cygnus_buccinator large pure white wild swan of western North America having a sonorous cry
subtype: #black_swan__blackswan__Cygnus_atratus large Australian swan having black plumage and a red bill
subtype: #wading_bird__wader any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food
subtype: #stork large mostly Old World wading birds typically having white-and-black plumage
subtype: #white_stork__whitestork__Ciconia_ciconia the common stork of Europe; white with black wing feathers and a red bill
subtype: #black_stork__blackstork__Ciconia_nigra Old World stork that is glossy black above and white below
subtype: #adjutant_bird__adjutant__adjutant_stork__Leptoptilus_dubius large Indian stork with a military gait
subtype: #marabou_stork__maraboustork__marabou__marabout__Leptoptilus_crumeniferus large African black-and-white carrion-eating stork; downy under-wing feathers are used to trim garments
subtype: #openbill stork with a grooved bill whose upper and lower parts touch only at the base and tip
subtype: #jabiru__Jabiru_mycteria large white stork of warm regions of the world especially America
subtype: #saddlebill__jabiru__Ephippiorhynchus_senegalensis large black-and-white stork of tropical Africa; its red bill has a black band around the middle
subtype: #policeman_bird__policemanbird__black-necked_stork__jabiru__Xenorhyncus_asiaticus large mostly white Australian stork
subtype: #Mycteria_americana__wood_ibis__wood_stork American stork resembling the true ibises in having a downward-curved bill; inhabits wooded swamps of New World tropics
subtype: #shoebill__shoebird__Balaeniceps_rex large stork-like bird of the valley of the White Nile with a broad bill suggesting a wooden shoe
subtype: #ibis wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills
subtype: #wood_ibis__wood_stork__Ibis_ibis Old World wood ibis
subtype: #sacred_ibis__Threskiornis_aethiopica African ibis venerated by ancient Egyptians
subtype: #spoonbill wading birds having a long flat bill with a tip like a spoon
subtype: #common_spoonbill__Platalea_leucorodia pure white crested spoonbill of southern Eurasia and northeastern Africa
subtype: #roseate_spoonbill__roseatespoonbill__Ajaia_ajaja tropical rose-colored New World spoonbill
subtype: #flamingo large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes
subtype: #heron gray or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill
subtype: #great_blue_heron__Ardea_herodius large American heron having bluish-gray plumage
subtype: #Ardea_occidentalis__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron large white heron of Florida and the Florida Keys
subtype: #egret any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season
subtype: #snowy_egret__snowyegret__snowy_heron__snowyheron__Egretta_thula small New World egret
subtype: #little_egret__Egretta_garzetta Old World egret
subtype: #great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Casmerodius_albus widely distributed Old World white egret
subtype: #American_egret__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Egretta_albus the common American egret; a variety of the Old World Casmerodius albus
subtype: #cattle_egret__Bubulcus_ibis small white egret widely distributed in warm regions often found around grazing animals
subtype: #little_blue_heron__Egretta_caerulea small bluish gray heron of the western hemisphere
subtype: #night_heron__nightheron__night_raven__nightraven nocturnal or crepuscular herons
subtype: #black-crowned_night_heron__blackcrownednightheron__Nycticorax_nycticorax night heron of both Old and New Worlds
subtype: #yellow-crowned_night_heron__Nyctanassa_violacea North American night heron
subtype: #boatbill__boat-billed_heron__broadbill__Cochlearius_cochlearius tropical American heron related to night herons
subtype: #bittern relatively small compact tawny-brown heron with nocturnal habits and a booming cry; found in marshes
subtype: #American_bittern__stake_driver__stakedriver__Botaurus_lentiginosus a kind of bittern
subtype: #European_bittern__Botaurus_stellaris a kind of bittern
subtype: #least_bittern__leastbittern__Ixobrychus_exilis small American bittern
subtype: #crane large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world
subtype: #whooping_crane__whooper__Grus_americana rare North American crane having black-and-white plumage and a trumpeting call
subtype: #courlan__Aramus_guarauna wading bird of South and Central America
subtype: #limpkin__Aramus_pictus wading bird of Florida, Cuba and Jamaica having a drooping bill and a distinctive wailing call
subtype: #crested_cariama__crestedcariama__seriema__Cariama_cristata Brazilian cariama; sole representative of the genus Cariama
subtype: #chunga__seriema__Chunga_burmeisteri Argentinian cariama
subtype: #rail.wading_bird any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud
subtype: #weka__maori_hen__maorihen__wood_hen flightless New Zealand rail of thievish disposition having short wings each with a spur used in fighting
subtype: #crake any of several short-billed Old World rails
subtype: #corncrake__land_rail__Crex_crex common Eurasian rail that frequents grain fields
subtype: #spotted_crake__spottedcrake__Porzana_porzana Eurasian rail of swamps and marshes
subtype: #notornis__takahe__Notornis_mantelli flightless New Zealand birds similar to gallinules
subtype: #coot slaty-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks
subtype: #American_coot__marsh_hen__marshhen__mud_hen__mudhen__water_hen__waterhen__Fulica_americana North American coot
subtype: #Old_World_coot__Fulica_atra Eurasian coot
subtype: #bustard large heavy-bodied chiefly terrestrial game bird capable of powerful swift flight; classified with wading birds but frequents grassy steppes
subtype: #great_bustard__greatbustard__Otis_tarda largest European land bird
subtype: #plain_turkey__plainturkey__Choriotis_australis popular Australian game bird
subtype: #button_quail__bustard_quail__bustardquail__hemipode small quail-like terrestrial bird of southern Eurasia and North Africa that lacks a hind toe; classified with wading birds but inhabits grassy plains
subtype: #striped_button_quail__Turnix_sylvatica a variety of button quail having stripes
subtype: #ortygan any of several East Indian birds
subtype: #plain_wanderer__plainwanderer__pedionomustorquatu small Australian bird related to the button quail; classified as wading bird but inhabits plains
subtype: #trumpeter large gregarious forest-dwelling cranelike bird of South America having glossy black plumage and a loud prolonged cry; easily domesticated
subtype: #Brazilian_trumpeter__Psophia_crepitans trumpeter of Brazil and Guiana; often kept to protect poultry in Brazil
subtype: #shorebird__shore_bird__shorebird__limicoline_bird__limicolinebird any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries
subtype: #plover any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers
subtype: #piping_plover__Charadrius_melodus small plover of eastern North America
subtype: #killdeer_plover__killdeer__kildeer__Charadrius_vociferus American plover of inland waters and fields having a distinctive cry
subtype: #dotterel__dotrel__Charadrius_morinellus__Eudromias_morinellus rare plover of upland areas of Eurasia
subtype: #golden_plover plovers of Europe and America having the backs marked with golden-yellow spots
subtype: #lapwing__green_plover__greenplover__peewit__pewit large crested Old World plover having wattles and spurs
subtype: #turnstone migratory shorebirds of the plover family that turn over stones in searching for food
subtype: #ruddy_turnstone__ruddyturnstone__Arenaria_interpres common arctic turnstone that winters south to South America and Australia
subtype: #black_turnstone__blackturnstone__Arenaria-Melanocephala common turnstone of North American Pacific coast
subtype: #sandpiper any of numerous usually small wading birds having a slender bill and piping call; closely related to the plovers
subtype: #European_sandpiper__Actitis_hypoleucos a variety of sandpiper
subtype: #spotted_sandpiper__spottedsandpiper__Actitis_macularia common North American sandpiper
subtype: #least_sandpiper__leastsandpiper__stint__Erolia_minutilla smallest American sandpiper
subtype: #red-backed_sandpiper__dunlin__Erolia_alpina small common sandpiper that breeds in northern or arctic regions and winters in southern United States or Mediterranean regions
subtype: #greenshank__Tringa_nebularia large European sandpiper with greenish legs
subtype: #redshank__Tringa_totanus a common Old World wading bird with long red legs
subtype: #yellowlegs either of two North American shorebird with yellow legs
subtype: #greater_yellowlegs__Tringa_melanoleuca a variety of yellowlegs
subtype: #lesser_yellowlegs__Tringa_flavipes a variety of yellowlegs
subtype: #pectoral_sandpiper__jacksnipe__Calidris_melanotos American sandpiper that inflates its chest when courting
subtype: #grayback__knot__Calidris_canutus sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and winters in the S hemisphere
subtype: #curlew_sandpiper__Calidris_Ferruginea Old World sandpiper with a curved bill like a curlew
subtype: #sanderling__Crocethia_alba small sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and migrates south along sandy coasts in most of world
subtype: #upland_sandpiper__upland_plover__Bartramian_sandpiper__Bartramia_longicauda large plover-like sandpiper of North American fields and uplands
subtype: #Philomachus_pugnax__ruff common Eurasian sandpiper; male has an erectile ruff in breeding season
subtype: #reeve female ruff
subtype: #tattler any of several long-legged shorebirds having a loud whistling cry
subtype: #Polynesian_tattler__Heteroscelus_incanus tattler of Pacific coastal regions
subtype: #willet__Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus large North American shorebird of eastern and Gulf coasts
subtype: #surfbird__Aphriza_virgata sandpiper-like shorebird of Pacific coasts of North and South America
subtype: #woodcock game bird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe
subtype: #Eurasian_woodcock__Scolopax_rusticola short-legged long-billed migratory Old World woodcock
subtype: #American_woodcock__woodcock_snipe__Philohela_minor small long-billed American woodcock; prized as a game bird
subtype: #snipe Old or New World straight-billed game bird of the sandpiper family; of marshy areas; similar to the woodcocks
subtype: #whole_snipe__wholesnipe__common_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago common snipe of Eurasia and Africa
subtype: #Wilson's_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago_delicata American snipe
subtype: #great_snipe__greatsnipe__woodcock_snipe__Gallinago_media Old World snipe larger and darker than the whole snipe
subtype: #jacksnipe__half_snipe__Limnocryptes_minima a small short-billed Old World snipe
subtype: #dowitcher shorebird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe
subtype: #Limnodromus_griseus__grayback a dowitcher with a gray back
subtype: #red-breasted_snipe__Limnodromus_scolopaceus a dowitcher with a red breast
subtype: #curlew large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family; closely related to woodcocks but having a down-curved bill
subtype: #European_curlew__Numenius_arquata common Eurasian curlew
subtype: #Eskimo_curlew__Numenius_borealis New World curlew that breeds in northern North America
subtype: #godwit large wading bird that resembles a curlew; has a long slightly upturned bill
subtype: #Hudsonian_godwit__Limosa_haemastica New World godwit
subtype: #Himantopus_stilt__stilt__stiltbird__longlegs__stilt_plover__stiltplover long-legged three-toed black-and-white wading bird of inland ponds and marshes or brackish lagoons
subtype: #black-necked_stilt__Himantopus_mexicanus stilt of southwestern United States to northern South America having black plumage extending from the head down the back of the neck
subtype: #black-winged_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus stilt of Europe and Africa and Asia having mostly white plumage but with black wings
subtype: #white-headed_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus_leucocephalus__himantopushimantopusleucocephalu stilt of the southwest Pacific including Australia and New Zealand having mostly white plumage but with black wings and nape of neck
subtype: #kaki__Himantopus_novae-zelandiae blackish stilt of New Zealand sometimes considered a color phase of the white-headed stilt
subtype: #Australian_stilt__stilt long-legged three-toed wading bird of brackish marshes of Australia
subtype: #banded_stilt__Cladorhyncus_leucocephalum web-footed Australian stilt with reddish-brown pectoral markings
subtype: #avocet long-legged web-footed black-and-white shorebird with slender upward-curving bill
subtype: #oystercatcher__oyster_catcher black-and-white shorebird with stout legs and bill; feed on oysters etc.
subtype: #phalarope small sandpiper-like shorebird having lobate toes and being good swimmers; breed in the arctic and winter in the tropics
subtype: #red_phalarope__redphalarope__Phalaropus_fulicarius phalarope of northern oceans and lakes
subtype: #northern_phalarope__Lobipes_lobatus breeds in arctic regions of Old and New worlds; large flocks often seen far out at sea
subtype: #Wilson's_phalarope__Steganopus_tricolor breeds on the northern great plains of Canada
subtype: #pratincole__glareole Old World shorebird with long pointed wings and short legs; closely related to the coursers
subtype: #courser swift-footed terrestrial plover-like bird of southern Asia and Africa
subtype: #cream-colored_courser__creamcoloredcourser__Cursorius_cursor courser of desert and semidesert regions of the Old World
subtype: #crocodile_bird__crocodilebird__Pluvianus_aegyptius African courser that feeds on insect parasites on crocodiles
subtype: #stone_curlew__stonecurlew__thick-knee__thickknee__Burhinus_oedicnemus large-headed large-eyed crepuscular or nocturnal shorebird of the Old World and tropical America having a thickened knee joint
subtype: #gallinule__marsh_hen__marshhen__water_hen__waterhen__swamphen any of various small aquatic birds of the genus Gallinula distinguished from rails by a frontal shield and a resemblance to domestic hens
subtype: #Florida_gallinule__Gallinula_chloropus_cachinnans North American dark bluish-gray gallinule
subtype: #Gallinula_chloropus__moorhen black gallinule that inhabits ponds and lakes
subtype: #purple_gallinule gallinules with showy purplish plumage
subtype: #European_gallinule__Porphyrio_porphyrio__porphyrioporphyrio purple gallinule of southern Europe
subtype: #American_gallinule__Porphyrula_martinica American purple gallinule
subtype: #seabird__sea_bird__seabird__seafowl a bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.
subtype: #coastal_diving_bird gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family
subtype: #larid long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family
subtype: #sea_gull__seagull__seagull mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs
subtype: #mew_gull__mewgull__sea_mew__Larus_canus the common gull of Eurasia and northeastern North America
subtype: #great_black-backed_gull__black-backed_gull__cob__larusmarinu white gull having a black back and wings
subtype: #herring_gull__herringgull__Larus_argentatus large gull of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #laughing_gull__blackcap__pewit__pewit_gull__pewitgull__Larus_ridibundus small black-headed European gull
subtype: #ivory_gull__ivorygull__Pagophila_eburnea white arctic gull; migrates as far south as England and New Brunswick
subtype: #kittiwake small pearl-gray gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe
subtype: #tern small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail
subtype: #sea_swallow__seaswallow__Sterna_hirundo common tern of Eurasia and America having white black and gray plumage
subtype: #skimmer gull-like seabird that flies along the surface of the water with an elongated lower mandible immersed to skim out food
subtype: #jaeger rapacious seabird that pursues weaker birds to make them drop their prey
subtype: #parasitic_jaeger__parasiticjaeger__arctic_skua__Stercorarius_parasiticus a variety of jaeger
subtype: #skua__bonxie gull-like jaeger of northern seas
subtype: #great_skua__greatskua__catharactaskua large brown skua of the North Atlantic
subtype: #auk black-and-white short-necked web-footed diving bird of northern seas
subtype: #auklet any of several small auks of north Pacific coasts
subtype: #razorbill__razor-billed_auk__Alca_torda black-and-white North Atlantic auk having a compressed sharp-edged bill
subtype: #little_auk__dovekie__plautusalle small short-billed auk abundant in arctic regions
subtype: #great_auk__greatauk__Pinguinus_impennis large large flightless auk of rocky islands off North Atlantic coast; extinct
subtype: #guillemot small black or brown speckled auks of northern seas
subtype: #black_guillemot__blackguillemot__Cepphus_grylle North Atlantic guillemot
subtype: #pigeon_guillemot__Cepphus_columba North Pacific guillemot
subtype: #murre black-and-white diving bird of northern seas
subtype: #common_murre__Uria_aalge the most frequent variety of murre
subtype: #thick-billed_murre__Uria_lomvia a variety of murre
subtype: #puffin any of two genera of northern seabirds having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills
subtype: #Atlantic_puffin__Fratercula_arctica common puffin of the North Atlantic
subtype: #horned_puffin__Fratercula_corniculata N Pacific puffin
subtype: #tufted_puffin__Lunda_cirrhata N Pacific puffin having a large yellow plume over each eye
subtype: #gaviiform_seabird__gaviiformseabird seabirds of the order Gaviiformes
subtype: #loon.gaviiform_seabird__diver large somewhat primitive fish-eating diving bird of the northern hemisphere having webbed feet placed far back; related to the grebes
subtype: #podicipitiform_seabird aquatic birds related to the loons
subtype: #grebe small compact-bodied almost completely aquatic bird that builds floating nests; similar to loons but smaller and with lobate rather than webbed feet
subtype: #great_crested_grebe__greatcrestedgrebe__Podiceps_cristatus large Old World grebe with black ear tufts
subtype: #red-necked_grebe__Podiceps_grisegena large stocky grebe of circumpolar regions having a dark neck
subtype: #black-necked_grebe__eared_grebe__Podiceps_nigricollis small grebe with yellow ear tufts and a black neck; found in Eurasia and southern Africa as well as western United States
subtype: #dabchick__little_grebe__Podiceps_ruficollis small European grebe
subtype: #pied-billed_grebe__Podilymbus_podiceps American grebe having a black-banded whitish bill
subtype: #pelecaniform_seabird large fish-eating seabird with four-toed webbed feet
subtype: #pelican large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish
subtype: #white_pelican__whitepelican__Pelecanus_erythrorhynchos large American pelican; white with black wing feathers
subtype: #Old_world_white_pelican__Pelecanus_onocrotalus similar to American white pelican
subtype: #frigate_bird__frigatebird__manofwarbird long-billed warm-water seabird with wide wingspan and forked tail
subtype: #gannet large heavily built seabird with a long stout bill noted for its plunging dives for fish
subtype: #solan_goose__solangoose__solan__solant_goose__Sula_bassana very large white gannet with black wing tips
subtype: #booby small tropical gannet having a bright bill or bright feet or both
subtype: #cormorant__phalacrocoraxcarbo large voracious dark-colored long-necked seabird with a distensible pouch for holding fish; used in Asia to catch fish
subtype: #snakebird__anhinga__darter fish-eating bird of warm inland waters having a long flexible neck and slender sharp-pointed bill
subtype: #water_turkey__waterturkey__Anhinga_anhinga blackish New World snakebird of swampy regions
subtype: #tropic_bird__boatswain_bird__boatswainbird mostly white web-footed tropical seabird often found far from land
subtype: #sphenisciform_seabird__sphenisciformseabird flightless cold-water seabirds: penguins
subtype: #penguin short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers
subtype: #Adelie_penguin__Adelie__Pygoscelis_adeliae medium-sized penguins occurring in large colonies on the Adelie coast of Antarctica
subtype: #king_penguin__Aptenodytes_patagonica large penguin on islands bordering the Antarctic Circle
subtype: #emperor_penguin__emperorpenguin__Aptenodytes_forsteri the largest penguin; an Antarctic penguin
subtype: #jackass_penguin__jackasspenguin__Spheniscus_demersus small penguin of South America and southern Africa with a braying call
subtype: #rock_hopper__crested_penguin__crestedpenguin small penguin of the Falkland Islands and New Zealand
subtype: #pelagic_bird__pelagicbird__oceanic_bird__oceanicbird bird of the open seas
subtype: #procellariiform_seabird__procellariiformseabird large long-winged bird with hooked bill and tubular nostrils that wanders the open seas
subtype: #mollymawk__albatross__albatros large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight
subtype: #wandering_albatross__wanderingalbatros__Diomedea_exulans very large albatross; white with wide black wings
subtype: #black-footed_albatross__gooney__gooney_bird__goonie__goony__Diomedea_nigripes a variety of albatross with black feet
subtype: #petrel relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land
subtype: #white-chinned_petrel__whitechinnedpetrel__Procellaria_aequinoctialis large black petrel of southern seas having a white mark on the chin
subtype: #giant_petrel__giantpetrel__giantfulmar__macronectesgiganteu large brownish petrel chiefly of Antarctic seas
subtype: #fulmar_petrel__fulmar__Fulmarus_glacialis heavy short-tailed oceanic bird of polar regions
subtype: #shearwater long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves
subtype: #Manx_shearwater__Puffinus_puffinus small black-and-white shearwater common in the eastern North Atlantic
subtype: #storm_petrel__stormpetrel any of various small petrels having dark plumage with paler underparts
subtype: #stormy_petrel__northern_storm_petrel__Hydrobates_pelagicus sooty black petrel with white markings; of the north Atlantic and Mediterranean
subtype: #Mother_Carey's_chicken__Mother_Carey's_hen__Oceanites_oceanicus medium-sized storm petrel
subtype: #diving_petrel any of several small diving birds of S hemisphere seas; somewhat resemble auks
subtype: #twitterer a bird that twitters
subtype: #amphibian cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form
subtype: #Hynerpeton_bassetti fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs; found in Pennsylvania
subtype: #Ichyostega early tetrapod amphibian found in Greenland
subtype: #urodele amphibians that resemble lizards
subtype: #salamander any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed
subtype: #European_fire_salamander__Salamandra_salamandra a kind of European salamander
subtype: #fire_salamander__spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Salamandra_maculosa European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots
subtype: #alpine_salamander__Salamandra_atra ovoviviparous amphibian of the Alps
subtype: #newt__triton small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and North Asia
subtype: #common_newt__Triturus_vulgaris small semiaquatic salamander
subtype: #red_eft__redeft__Notophthalmus_viridescens red terrestrial form of a common North American newt
subtype: #Pacific_newt any of several rough-skinned newts found in western North America
subtype: #rough-skinned_newt__roughskinnednewt__Taricha_granulosa newt of humid coast from Alaska to southern California
subtype: #California_newt__Taricha_torosa newt that is similar to Taricha granulosa in characteristics and habitat
subtype: #eft a newt in its terrestrial stage of development
subtype: #ambystomid_salamander__ambystomid small to moderate-sized terrestrial or semiaquatic New World salamander
subtype: #mole_salamander__Ambystoma_talpoideum brownish-black burrowing salamander of southeastern United States
subtype: #spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Ambystoma_maculatum glossy black North American salamander with yellow spots
subtype: #tiger_salamander__tigersalamander__Ambystoma_tigrinum widely distributed brown or black North American salamander with vertical yellowish blotches
subtype: #axolotl__mud_puppy__Ambystoma_mexicanum larval salamander of mountain lakes of Mexico that usually lives without metamorphosing
subtype: #waterdog any of several large aquatic salamanders
subtype: #hellbender__mud_puppy__Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis large salamander of North American rivers and streams
subtype: #giant_salamander__giantsalamander__megalobatrachusmaximu large (up to more than three feet) edible salamander of Asia
subtype: #olm__Proteus_anguinus European cave-dwelling aquatic salamander with permanent external gills
subtype: #mud_puppy__Necturus_maculosus aquatic North American salamander with red feathery external gills
subtype: #dicamptodon__dicamptodontid salamanders found near cold streams throughout the year
subtype: #Pacific_giant_salamander__Dicamptodon_ensatus large (to 7 inches) salamander of western North America
subtype: #olympic_salamander__olympicsalamander__Rhyacotriton_olympicus small large-eyed semiaquatic salamander of the United States northwest
subtype: #lungless_salamander__plethodont mostly terrestrial salamanders that breathe through their thin moist skin; lay eggs in moist places on land; rarely enter water
subtype: #eastern_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_cinereus common salamander of eastern North America
subtype: #western_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_vehiculum salamander of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #dusky_salamander__duskysalamander common North American salamander mottled with dull brown or grayish-black
subtype: #climbing_salamander any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes
subtype: #arboreal_salamander__Aneides_lugubris yellow-spotted brown salamander of California woodlands
subtype: #slender_salamander__slendersalamander__worm_salamander any of several small slim salamanders of the United States Pacific coast
subtype: #web-toed_salamander any of several salamanders with webbed toes and very long extensile tongues; excellent climbers that move with ease over smooth rock surfaces
subtype: #Shasta_salamander__Hydromantes_shastae primarily a cave dweller in the Mount Shasta area
subtype: #limestone_salamander__limestonesalamander__hydromantesbrunu similar to Shasta salamander; lives in cliff crevices and taluses
subtype: #amphiuma__congo_snake__congo_eel__congoeel__blind_eel__blindeel aquatic eel-shaped salamander having two pairs of very small feet; of still muddy waters in the southern United States
subtype: #siren eel-like aquatic North American salamander with small forelimbs and no hind limbs; have permanent external gills
subtype: #toad__frog__toadfrog__anuran__batrachian__salientian any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species
subtype: #true_frog__ranid insectivorous usually semiaquatic web-footed amphibian with smooth moist skin and long hind legs
subtype: #woodfrog__Rana_sylvatica wide-ranging light-brown frog of moist North American woodlands especially spruce
subtype: #leopard_frog__leopardfrog__spring_frog__Rana_pipiens common North American green or brownish frog having white-edged dark oval spots
subtype: #bullfrog__Rana_catesbeiana largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice
subtype: #green_frog__greenfrog__spring_frog__Rana_clamitans similar to bullfrog; found in or near marshes and ponds; of United States and Canada
subtype: #cascades_frog__Rana_cascadae mountain frog found near water; of United States northwest to California
subtype: #goliath_frog__goliathfrog__Rana_goliath largest living frog; up to a foot and weighing up to 10 lbs; Africa
subtype: #pickerel_frog__Rana_palustris a meadow frog of eastern North America
subtype: #tarahumara_frog__Rana_tarahumarae Mexican frog found within a jump of two or water
subtype: #grass_frog__grassfrog__Rana_temporaria a common semiterrestrial European frog
subtype: #leptodactylid_frog__leptodactylidfrog__leptodactylid toothed frogs: terrestrial or aquatic or arboreal
subtype: #robber_frog small terrestrial frog of tropical America
subtype: #barking_frog__barkingfrog__robber_frog__Hylactophryne_augusti of southwest United States and Mexico; call is like a dog's bark
subtype: #crapaud__South_American_bullfrog__Leptodactylus_pentadactylus large toothed frog of South and Central America resembling the bullfrog
subtype: #tree_frog__treefrog any of various Old World arboreal frogs distinguished from true frogs by adhesive suckers on the toes
subtype: #tailed_frog__bell_toad__ribbed_toad__tailed_toad__Ascaphus_trui western North American frog with a tail-like copulatory organ
subtype: #Liopelma_hamiltoni primitive New Zealand frog with four unwebbed toes on forefeet and five on hind feet
subtype: #true_toad tailless amphibian similar to a frog but more terrestrial and having drier warty skin
subtype: #bufo any toad of the genus Bufo
subtype: #agua_toad__agua__Bufo_marinus largest known toad species; native to Central America; valuable destroyer of insect pests
subtype: #European_toad__Bufo_bufo common toad of Europe
subtype: #natterjack__Bufo_calamita common brownish-yellow short-legged toad of western Europe; runs rather than hops
subtype: #American_toad__Bufo_americanus common toad of America
subtype: #Eurasian_green_toad__Bufo_viridis Eurasian toad with variable chiefly green coloring
subtype: #American_green_toad__Bufo_debilis small green or yellow-green toad with small black bars and stripes
subtype: #Yosemite_toad__Bufo_canorus of high Sierra Nevada meadows and forest borders
subtype: #Texas_toad__Bufo_speciosus nocturnal burrowing toad of mesquite woodland and prairies of the United States southwest
subtype: #southwestern_toad__Bufo_microscaphus a uniformly warty stocky toad of washes and streams of semiarid southwestern United States
subtype: #western_toad__westerntoad__Bufo_boreas of a great variety of habitats from southern Alaska to Baja California west of the Rockies
subtype: #obstetrical_toad__obstetricaltoad__midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_obstetricans European toad whose male carries the fertilized eggs wrapped around its hind legs until they hatch
subtype: #midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_cisternasi similar in habit to Alytes obstetricians
subtype: #fire-bellied_toad__Bombina_bombina toad of central and eastern Europe having red or orange patches on its underside
subtype: #spadefoot_toad__spadefoottoad__spadefoot burrowing toad of the northern hemisphere with a horny spade-like projection on each hind foot
subtype: #western_spadefoot__westernspadefoot__Scaphiopus_hammondii of California
subtype: #southern_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_multiplicatus of the United States southwest
subtype: #plains_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_bombifrons of plains and hills and river bottoms in areas of low rainfall east of the Rocky Mountains
subtype: #tree_toad__tree_frog arboreal amphibians usually having adhesive disks at the tip of each toe; of southeast Asia and Australia and America
subtype: #spring_peeper__Hyla_crucifer small brown tree toad having a shrill call heard near wetlands of eastern United States and Canada in early spring
subtype: #Pacific_tree_toad__Hyla_regilla most commonly heard frog on the Pacific coast of America
subtype: #canyon_treefrog__Hyla_arenicolor small chiefly ground dweller that stays within easy jumping distance of water; of United States southwest and northern Mexico
subtype: #chameleon_tree_frog a form of tree toad
subtype: #cricket_frog__cricketfrog either of two frogs with a clicking call
subtype: #northern_cricket_frog__Acris_crepitans of eastern and central United States
subtype: #eastern_cricket_frog__easterncricketfrog__Acris_gryllus cricket frog of eastern United States
subtype: #chorus_frog any of several small North American frogs having a loud call
subtype: #lowland_burrowing_treefrog__lowlandburrowingtreefrog__northern_casque-headed_frog__Pternohyla_fodiens terrestrial burrowing nocturnal frog of grassy terrain and scrub forests having very hard upper surface of head; of the United States southwest
subtype: #western_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_olivacea small secretive toad with smooth tough skin of central and western North America
subtype: #eastern_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_carolinensis small toad of southeastern United States
subtype: #sheep_frog__sheepfrog mostly of Central America
subtype: #tongueless_frog almost completely aquatic frog native to Africa and Panama and northern South America
subtype: #Surinam_toad__Pipa_pipa__Pipa_americana South American toad; incubates its young in pits in the skin of its back
subtype: #African_clawed_frog__Xenopus_laevis native to Africa; established in the United States as result of release of laboratory and aquarium animals
subtype: #South_American_poison_toad a South American toad
subtype: #caecilian__blindworm any of the small slender limbless burrowing wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona; inhabit moist soil in tropical regions
subtype: #labyrinthodont an amphibian of the superorder Labyrinthodontia
subtype: #reptile__reptilian any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
subtype: #anapsid_reptile__anapsid primitive reptile having no opening in the temporal region of the skull; all extinct except turtles
subtype: #chelonian_reptile__chelonianreptile__chelonian a reptile of the order Chelonia
subtype: #turtle any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming
subtype: #sea_turtle__seaturtle__marine_turtle any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: #green_turtle__greenturtle__Chelonia_mydas large tropical turtle with greenish flesh used for turtle soup
subtype: #loggerhead_turtle__loggerhead__Caretta_caretta very large carnivorous sea turtle; wide ranging in warm open seas
subtype: #ridley a marine turtle
subtype: #Atlantic_ridley__bastard_ridley__bastardridley__bastard_turtle__bastardturtle__Lepidochelys_kempii gray sea turtle of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
subtype: #Pacific_ridley__olive_ridley__oliveridley__Lepidochelys_olivacea olive-colored sea turtle of tropical Pacific and Indian and South Atlantic oceans
subtype: #hawksbill_turtle__hawksbillturtle__hawksbill__hawkbill__tortoiseshell_turtle__tortoiseshellturtle__Eretmochelys_imbricata pugnacious tropical sea turtle with a hawk-like beak; source of food and the best tortoiseshell
subtype: #leatherback_turtle__leatherbackturtle__leatherback__leatheryturtle__Dermochelys_coriacea wide ranging marine turtle with flexible leathery carapace; largest living turtle
subtype: #snapping_turtle large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws
subtype: #common_snapping_turtle__snapper__chelydraserpentina large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
subtype: #alligator_snapping_turtle__alligator_snapper__alligatorsnapper__Macroclemys_temmincki large species having three ridges on its back; found in southeastern United States
subtype: #mud_turtle__mudturtle bottom-dwelling freshwater turtle inhabiting muddy rivers of North and Central America
subtype: #musk_turtle__stinkpot small freshwater turtle having a strong musky odor
subtype: #terrapin any of various edible North American web-footed turtles living in fresh or brackish water
subtype: #diamondback_terrapin__diamondbackterrapin__Malaclemys_centrata of marshes along Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
subtype: #red-bellied_terrapin__redbelliedterrapin__red-bellied_turtle__redbelliedturtle__redbelly__Pseudemys_rubriventris freshwater turtle of Chesapeake bay tributaries having red markings on the lower shell
subtype: #yellow-bellied_terrapin__slider__Pseudemys_scripta freshwater turtle of United States and South America; frequently raised commercially; some young sold as pets
subtype: #river_cooter__rivercooter__cooter__Pseudemys_concinna large river turtle of the southern United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #box_turtle__boxturtle__box_tortoise__boxtortoise chiefly terrestrial turtle of North America; shell can be closed tightly
subtype: #Western_box_turtle__Terrapene_ornata primarily a prairie turtle of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #painted_turtle__paintedturtle__painted_terrapin__paintedterrapin__painted_tortoise__paintedtortoise__chrysemyspicta freshwater turtles having bright yellow and red markings; common in the eastern United States
subtype: #tortoise usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica
subtype: #European_tortoise__Testudo_graeca small land tortoise of southern Europe
subtype: #giant_tortoise__gianttortoise very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands
subtype: #gopher_tortoise__gopher_turtle__gopher__Gopherus_polypemus burrowing edible land tortoise of southeastern North America
subtype: #desert_tortoise__Gopherus_agassizii burrowing tortoise of the arid western United States and northern Mexico; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
subtype: #Texas_tortoise close relative to the desert tortoise; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
subtype: #soft-shelled_turtle__pancake_turtle__pancaketurtle voracious aquatic turtle with a flat flexible shell covered by a leathery skin; can inflict painful bites
subtype: #spiny_softshell__spinysoftshell__Trionyx_spiniferus river turtle of western United States with a warty shell; prefers quiet water
subtype: #smooth_softshell__Trionyx_muticus river turtle of Mississippi basin; prefers running water
subtype: #diapsid_reptile__diapsid reptile having a pair of openings in the skull behind each eye
subtype: #tuatara__Sphenodon_punctatum only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand
subtype: #saurian any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs
subtype: #lizard relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail
subtype: #gecko any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless
subtype: #flying_gecko__fringed_gecko__fringedgecko__Ptychozoon_homalocephalum having membranous expansions along sides of body and limbs and tail
subtype: #banded_gecko any of several geckos with dard bands across the body and differing from typical geckos in having movable eyelids; of United States southwest and gulf coast to Florida
subtype: #iguanid_lizard__iguanidlizard__iguanid lizards of the New World and Madagascar and some Pacific islands; typically having a long tail and bright throat patch in males
subtype: #common_iguana__iguana__Iguana_iguana large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central and South America
subtype: #marine_iguana__Amblyrhynchus_cristatus shore-dwelling seaweed-eating lizard of the Galapagos Islands
subtype: #desert_iguana__Dipsosaurus_dorsalis small long-tailed lizard of arid areas of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
subtype: #chuckwalla__Sauromalus_obesus rock-dwelling herbivorous lizard of arid parts of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: #zebra-tailed_lizard__gridiron-tailed_lizard__Callisaurus_draconoides swift lizard with long black-banded tail and long legs; of deserts of United States and Mexico
subtype: #fringe-toed_lizard__Uma_notata with long pointed scales around toes; of deserts of United States and Mexico
subtype: #earless_lizard__earlesslizard any of several slender lizards without external ear openings: of plains of western United States and Mexico
subtype: #collared_lizard any of several robust long-tailed lizards with collars of two dark bands; of central and western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #leopard_lizard__leopardlizard any of several large lizards with many dark spots; of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #spiny_lizard__spinylizard any of numerous lizards with overlapping ridged pointed scales; of North and Central America
subtype: #fence_lizard__fencelizard spiny lizard often seen basking on fences in the United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #western_fence_lizard__westernfencelizard__swift__blue-belly__Sceloporus_occidentalis common western lizard; seen on logs or rocks
subtype: #eastern_fence_lizard__easternfencelizard__pine_lizard__Sceloporus_undulatus small active lizard of United States and north to British Columbia
subtype: #sagebrush_lizard__sagebrushlizard__Sceloporus_graciosus a ground dweller that prefers open ground and scattered low bushes; of United States west between Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountains
subtype: #side-blotched_lizard__sand_lizard__Uta_stansburiana one of the most abundant lizards in the arid western United States
subtype: #tree_lizard__Urosaurus_ornatus a climbing lizard of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: #horned_lizard__horned_toad__horny_frog__hornyfrog insectivorous lizard with hornlike spines on the head and spiny scales on the body; of western North America
subtype: #Texas_horned_lizard__Phrynosoma_cornutum of arid and semiarid open country
subtype: #basilisk small crested arboreal lizard able to run on its hind legs; of tropical America
subtype: #American_chameleon__anole__Anolis_carolinensis small arboreal tropical American insectivorous lizards with the ability to change skin color
subtype: #worm_lizard a lizard of the genus Amphisbaena; harmless wormlike limbless lizard of warm or tropical regions having concealed eyes and ears and a short blunt tail
subtype: #night_lizard__nightlizard small secretive nocturnal lizard of southwestern North America and Cuba; bear live young
subtype: #skink__scincid__scincidlizard alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide
subtype: #western_skink__westernskink__Eumeces_skiltonianus found in western North American grasslands and open woodlands
subtype: #mountain_skink__Eumeces_callicephalus frequents oak and pine habitats in rocky mountainous areas of United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: #teiid_lizard__teiidlizard__teiid tropical New World lizard with a long tail and large rectangular scales on the belly and a long tail
subtype: #whiptail_lizard__whiptail any of numerous very agile and alert New World lizards
subtype: #six-lined_racerunner__sixlinedracerunner__racerunner__race_runner__Cnemidophorus_sexlineatus very swift lizard of eastern and central United States
subtype: #plateau_striped_whiptail__plateaustripedwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_velox having distinct longitudinal stripes: of Colorado Plateau from Arizona to western Colorado
subtype: #Chihuahuan_spotted_whiptail__Cnemidophorus_exsanguis having longitudinal stripes overlaid with light spots; upland lizard of United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: #western_whiptail__westernwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tigris active lizard having a network of dusky dark markings; of semiarid areas from Oregon and Idaho to Baja California
subtype: #checkered_whiptail__checkeredwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tesselatus markings are darker and more marked than in western whiptail; from southeastern Colorado to eastern Chihuahua
subtype: #teju large (to 3 feet) blackish yellow-banded South American lizard; raid henhouses; used as food
subtype: #caiman_lizard crocodile-like lizard of South America having powerful jaws for crushing snails and mussels
subtype: #agamid_lizard__agamid a lizard of the family Agamidae
subtype: #agama small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World
subtype: #frilled_lizard__frilledlizard__Chlamydosaurus_kingi large arboreal insectivorous Australian lizard with a ruff of skin around the neck
subtype: #flying_dragon__dragon__flying_lizard any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body
subtype: #moloch any lizard of the genus Moloch
subtype: #mountain_devil__spiny_lizard__spinylizard__molochhorridu desert lizard that feeds on ants
subtype: #anguid_lizard any of a small family of lizards widely distributed in warm areas; all are harmless and useful as destroyers of e.g. slugs and insects
subtype: #alligator_lizard__alligatorlizard slim short-limbed lizard having a distinctive fold on each side that permits expansion; of western North America
subtype: #blindworm__slowworm__Anguis_fragilis small burrowing legless European lizard with tiny eyes; popularly believed to be blind
subtype: #glass_lizard__glasslizard__glass_snake__glasssnake__joint_snake__jointsnake snakelike lizard of Europe Asia and North America with vestigial hind limbs and the ability to regenerate its long fragile tail
subtype: #legless_lizard__leglesslizard degenerate wormlike burrowing lizard of California closely related to alligator lizards
subtype: #Lanthanotus_borneensis a stout-bodied pleurodont lizard of Borneo
subtype: #venomous_lizard any of two or three large heavy-bodied lizards; only known venomous lizards
subtype: #Gila_monster__Heloderma_suspectum large orange and black lizard of southwestern United States; not dangerous unless molested
subtype: #Mexican_beaded_lizard__beaded_lizard__Heloderma_horridum lizard with black and yellowish beadlike scales; of western Mexico
subtype: #lacertid_lizard__lacertid Old World terrestrial lizard
subtype: #sand_lizard__Lacerta_agilis a common and widely distributed lizard of Europe and central Asia
subtype: #green_lizard__greenlizard__lacertaviridi a common Eurasian lizard about a foot long
subtype: #chameleon__chamaeleon lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue
subtype: #African_chameleon__Chamaeleo_chamaeleon a chameleon found in Africa
subtype: #horned_chameleon__Chamaeleo_oweni a kind of chameleon
subtype: #monitor_lizard__monitorlizard__monitor__varan any of various large tropical carnivorous lizards of Africa Asia and Australia; fabled to warn of crocodiles
subtype: #African_monitor__Varanus_niloticus destroys crocodile eggs
subtype: #Komodo_dragon__Komodo_lizard__dragon_lizard__giant_lizard__giantlizard__Varanus_komodoensis the largest lizard in the world (10 feet); found on Indonesian islands
subtype: #archosaur__archosaurian__archosaurian_reptile extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
subtype: #dinosaur any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era
subtype: #ornithischian_dinosaur__ornithischiandinosaur__ornithischian herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird
subtype: #pisanosaur__pisanosaurus primitive dinosaur found in Argentina
subtype: #staurikosaur__staurikosaurus primitive dinosaur found in Brazil
subtype: #armored_dinosaur__armoreddinosaur dinosaurs having bony armour
subtype: #stegosaur__stegosaurus__stegosauru__Stegosaur_stenops herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a weapon
subtype: #ankylosaur__ankylosaurus having the back covered with thick bony plates; thought to have walked with a sprawling gait resembling a lizard's
subtype: #Edmontonia heavily armored and highly spiked dinosaur with semi-upright posture
subtype: #bone-headed_dinosaur bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony crowns
subtype: #pachycephalosaur__pachycephalosaurus bipedal herbivore having 10 inches of bone atop its head; largest bone-headed dinosaur ever found
subtype: #ceratopsian__horned_dinosaur any of several four-footed herbivorous horned dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls; of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia
subtype: #protoceratops__protoceratop small horned dinosaur
subtype: #triceratops__triceratop huge ceratopsian dinosaur having three horns and the neck heavily armored with a very solid frill
subtype: #styracosaur__styracosaurus__styracosauru an unusual ceratopsian dinosaur having many large spikes around the edge of its bony frill and a long nose horn; late Cretaceous
subtype: #psittacosaur__psittacosaurus primitive dinosaur actually lacking horns and having only the beginning of a frill; long hind and short front limbs; may have been bipedal
subtype: #ornithopod_dinosaur__ornithopod bipedal herbivorous dinosaur
subtype: #hadrosaur__hadrosaurus__hadrosauru__duck-billed_dinosaur any of numerous large bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs having a horny duck-like bill and webbed feet; may have been partly aquatic
subtype: #anatotitan one of the largest and most famous duck-billed dinosaurs
subtype: #corythosaur__corythosaurus__corythosauru duck-billed dinosaur with nasal passages that expand into a crest like a hollow helmet
subtype: #edmontosaurus__edmontosauru duck-billed dinosaur from Canada found as a fossilized mummy with skin
subtype: #trachodon__trachodont large duck-billed dinosaur of the Upper Cretaceous
subtype: #iguanodon massive herbivorous bipedal dinosaur with a long heavy tail; common in Europe and North Africa; early Cretaceous
subtype: #saurischian_dinosaur__saurischiandinosaur__saurischian herbivorous or carnivorous dinosaur having a three-pronged pelvis like that of a crocodile
subtype: #sauropod_dinosaur__sauropod very large herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a small head a long neck and tail and five-toed limbs; largest known land animal
subtype: #apatosaur__apatosaurus__brontosaur__brontosaurus__thunder_lizard__thunderlizard__Apatosaurus_excelsus huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur common in N. America in the late Jurassic
subtype: #barosaur__barosaurus 5-story-tall dinosaur
subtype: #theropod_dinosaur__theropod__bird-footed_dinosaur any of numerous carnivorous dinosaurs of the Triassic to Cretaceous with short forelimbs that walked or ran on strong hind legs
subtype: #ceratosaur__ceratosaurus primitive medium-sized theropod; swift-running bipedal carnivorous dinosaur having grasping hands with sharp claws and a short horn between the nostrils; Jurassic in North America
subtype: #coelophysis__coelophysi one of the oldest known dinosaurs; late Triassic; cannibalistic
subtype: #carnosaur large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge claws
subtype: #tyrannosaur__tyrannosauru__Tyrannosaurus_rex large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations; may have been a scavenger rather than an active predator; Upper Cretaceous; North America
subtype: #allosaur__allosaurus late Jurassic carnivorous dinosaur; similar to but somewhat smaller than tyrannosaurus
subtype: #compsognathus__compsognathu very small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Jurassic in Bavaria
subtype: #herrerasaur__herrerasaurus__herrerasauru a kind of theropod dinosaur found in Argentina
subtype: #eoraptor a theropod dinosaur of the genus Eoraptor
subtype: #megalosaur__megalosaurus gigantic carnivorous bipedal dinosaur of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous in Europe
subtype: #ornithomimid lightly built medium-sized dinosaur having extremely long limbs and necks with small heads and big brains and large eyes
subtype: #struthiomimus__struthiomimu small light-boned toothless dinosaur resembling an ostrich in size and proportions
subtype: #deinocheirus lightly built medium-sized theropod with long limbs and neck
subtype: #maniraptor advanced carnivorous theropod
subtype: #oviraptorid advanced carnivorous theropod
subtype: #velociraptor small active carnivore that probably fed on protoceratops; possibly related more closely to birds than to other dinosaurs
subtype: #dromaeosaur a kind of maniraptor
subtype: #deinonychus__deinonychu swift agile wolf-sized bipedal dinosaur having a large curved claw on each hind foot; of the Cretaceous
subtype: #utahraptor__superslasher large (20-ft) and swift carnivorous dinosaur having an upright 15-in slashing claw on each hind foot; early Cretaceous
subtype: #Mononychus_olecranus 75-million-year-old turkey-sized long-legged fossil found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia having birdlike fused wrist bones and keeled breastbone and a long tail resembling a dinosaur's; short 3-inch-long forelimbs end in a single claw instead of wings; classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute
subtype: #diplodocus huge quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail; of late Jurassic in western N. America
subtype: #titanosaur__titanosaurian amphibious quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur with a long thin neck and whiplike tail; of the Cretaceous mostly in the southern hemisphere
subtype: #genus_Argentinosaurus enormous dinosaur of the middle Cretaceous found in Argentina
subtype: #argentinosaur huge herbivorous dinosaur of Cretaceous found in Argentina
subtype: #ground-shaker__seismosaur huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous found in western North America
subtype: #pterosaur__flying_reptile extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a birdlike beak and membranous wings supported by the very long fourth digit of each forelimb
subtype: #pterodactyl extinct flying reptile
subtype: #thecodont_reptile__thecodontreptile__thecodont presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds
subtype: #ichthyosaur any of several marine reptiles of the Mesozoic having a body like a porpoise with dorsal and tail fins and paddle-shaped limbs
subtype: #ichthyosaurus__ichthyosauru ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic
subtype: #stenopterygius__Stenopterygius_quadrisicissus an ichthyosaur of the genus Stenopterygius
subtype: #plesiosaur__plesiosaurus extinct marine reptile with a small head on a long neck a short tail and four paddle-shaped limbs; of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
subtype: #nothosaur extinct marine reptile with longer more slender limbs than plesiosaurs and less completely modified for swimming
subtype: #crocodilian_reptile__crocodilianreptile__crocodilian extant archosaurian reptile
subtype: #crocodile large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters
subtype: #African_crocodile__Nile_crocodile__Crocodylus_niloticus a dangerous crocodile widely distributed in Africa
subtype: #Asian_crocodile__Crocodylus_porosus estuarine crocodile of eastern Asia and Pacific islands
subtype: #Morlett's_crocodile__morlett'scrocodile a variety of crocodile
subtype: #false_gavial__falsegavial__tomistomaschlegeli crocodile of southeast Asia similar to but smaller than the gavial
subtype: #alligator either of two amphibious reptiles with shorter broader snouts than crocodiles
subtype: #American_alligator__Alligator_mississipiensis large alligator of southeastern United States
subtype: #Chinese_alligator__Alligator_sinensis small of the Yangtze valley of China having unwebbed digits
subtype: #cayman__caiman alligator-like reptile of Central and South America having a more heavily armored belly
subtype: #spectacled_caiman__Caiman_sclerops caiman with bony ridges about the eyes; found from southern Mexico to Argentina
subtype: #gavial__Gavialis_gangeticus large fish-eating Indian crocodilian with a long slender snout
subtype: #ophidian__snake__serpent limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous
subtype: #colubrid_snake__colubrid mostly harmless temperate-to-tropical terrestrial or arboreal or aquatic snakes
subtype: #hoop_snake any of various harmless North American snakes that were formerly believed to take tail in mouth and roll along like a hoop
subtype: #thunder_snake__thundersnake__worm_snake__Carphophis_amoenus small reddish wormlike snake of eastern United States
subtype: #ringneck_snake__ring-necked_snake__ring_snake any of numerous small nonvenomous North American snakes with a yellow or orange ring around the neck
subtype: #hognose_snake__hognosesnake__puff_adder__sand_viper harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed
subtype: #leaf-nosed_snake any of various pale blotched snakes with a blunt snout of southwestern North America
subtype: #grass_snake__grasssnake__green_snake__greensnake either of two N. American chiefly insectivorous green snakes
subtype: #smooth_green_snake__Opheodrys_vernalis of western and central United States
subtype: #rough_green_snake__roughgreensnake__Opheodrys_aestivus of southern and eastern United States
subtype: #green_snake__greensnake any of numerous African green snakes
subtype: #racer slender fast-moving North American snakes
subtype: #blacksnake__black_racer__Coluber_constrictor blackish racer of the eastern United States that grows to six feet
subtype: #blue_racer__Coluber_constrictor_flaviventris bluish-green blacksnake found from Ohio to Texas
subtype: #horseshoe_whipsnake__Coluber_hippocrepis slender fast-moving Eurasian snake
subtype: #whipsnake__whip_snake any of several fast-moving North American snakes with long whiplike tails
subtype: #coachwhip_snake__coachwhipsnake__coachwhip__Masticophis_flagellum a whipsnake of southern United States and Mexico; tail resembles a braided whip
subtype: #California_whipsnake__striped_racer__stripedracer__Masticophis_lateralis a whipsnake of scrublands and rocky hillsides
subtype: #Sonoran_whipsnake__Masticophis_bilineatus both terrestrial and arboreal snake of United States southwest
subtype: #rat_snake__ratsnake any of various nonvenomous rodent-eating snakes of North America and Asia
subtype: #corn_snake__red_rat_snake__redratsnake__Elaphe_guttata large harmless snake of southeastern United States; often on farms
subtype: #black_rat_snake__blackratsnake__blacksnake__pilot_blacksnake__pilotblacksnake__mountain_blacksnake__Elaphe_obsoleta large harmless shiny black North American snake
subtype: #chicken_snake__chickensnake large North American snake
subtype: #Indian_rat_snake__Ptyas_mucosus enter buildings in pursuit of prey
subtype: #glossy_snake__Arizona_elegans nocturnal burrowing snake of western United States with shiny tan scales
subtype: #bull_snake any of several large harmless rodent-eating North American burrowing snakes
subtype: #gopher_snake__Pituophis_melanoleucus bull snake of western North America that invades rodent burrows
subtype: #pine_snake any of several bull snakes of eastern and southeastern United States found chiefly in pine woods; now threatened
subtype: #king_snake any of numerous nonvenomous North American constrictors; feed on other snakes and small mammals
subtype: #common_kingsnake__Lampropeltis_getulus widespread in United States except northern regions; black or brown with yellow bands
subtype: #milk_snake__house_snake__housesnake__milk_adder__checkered_adder__checkeredadder__Lampropeltis_triangulum nonvenomous tan and brown king snake with an arrow-shaped occipital spot; southeastern ones have red stripes like coral snakes
subtype: #garter_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake any of numerous nonvenomous longitudinally-striped viviparous North and Central American snakes
subtype: #common_garter_snake__Thamnophis_sirtalis widespread in North America
subtype: #ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_sauritus slender yellow-striped North American garter snake; prefers wet places
subtype: #Western_ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_proximus yellow- or reddish-striped snake of temperate woodlands and grasslands to tropics
subtype: #lined_snake__Tropidoclonion_lineatum secretive snake of city dumps and parks as well as prairies and open woods; feeds on earthworms; of central United States
subtype: #ground_snake__Sonora_semiannulata small shy brightly-ringed terrestrial snake of arid or semiarid areas of western North America
subtype: #eastern_ground_snake__Potamophis_striatula__Haldea_striatula in some classifications placed in genus Haldea; small reddish-gray snake of eastern North America
subtype: #water_snake__watersnake any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water
subtype: #common_water_snake__banded_water_snake__Natrix_sipedon__Nerodia_sipedon in some classifications placed in the genus Nerodia; western United States snake that seldom ventures far from water
subtype: #water_moccasin__watermoccasin any of numerous North American water snakes inhabiting fresh waters
subtype: #ring_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake__ringed_snake__Natrix_natrix harmless European snake with a bright yellow collar; common in England
subtype: #viperine_grass_snake__Natrix_maura a small harmless grass snake
subtype: #red-bellied_snake__redbelliedsnake__Storeria_occipitamaculata harmless woodland snake of southeastern United States
subtype: #sand_snake small North American burrowing snake
subtype: #banded_sand_snake__Chilomeniscus_cinctus a sand snake of southwestern United States; lives in fine to coarse sand or loamy soil in which it `swims'; banding resembles that of coral snakes
subtype: #black-headed_snake small secretive ground-dwelling snake; found from central United States to Argentina
subtype: #vine_snake slender arboreal snake found from southern Arizona to Bolivia
subtype: #lyre_snake mildly venomous snake with a lyre-shaped mark on the head; found in rocky areas from southwestern United States to Central America
subtype: #Sonoran_lyre_snake__Trimorphodon_lambda of desert regions of southwestern North America
subtype: #night_snake__Hypsiglena_torquata nocturnal prowler of western United States and Mexico
subtype: #indigo_snake__gopher_snake__Drymarchon_corais large dark-blue nonvenomous snake that invades burrows; found in southern North America and Mexico
subtype: #eastern_indigo_snake__Drymarchon_corais_couperi a variety of indigo snake
subtype: #blind_snake__blindsnake__worm_snake wormlike burrowing snake of warm regions having vestigial eyes
subtype: #western_blind_snake__westernblindsnake__Leptotyphlops_humilis burrows among roots of shrubs and beneath rocks in desert and rocky hillside areas and beach sand of western United States
subtype: #constrictor any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils
subtype: #boa any of several chiefly tropical constrictors with vestigial hind limbs
subtype: #boa_constrictor__boaconstrictor__Constrictor_constrictor very large boa of tropical America and West Indies
subtype: #rubber_boa__tow-headed_snake__Charina_bottae boa of grasslands and woodlands of western North America; looks and feels like rubber with tail and head of similar shape
subtype: #rosy_boa__Lichanura_trivirgata boa of rocky desert of southwestern United States
subtype: #anaconda__Eunectes_murinus large arboreal boa of tropical South America
subtype: #python large Old World boas
subtype: #carpet_snake__Python_variegatus__Morelia_spilotes_variegatus Australian python with a variegated pattern on its back
subtype: #reticulated_python__reticulatedpython__Python_reticulatus of southeast Asia and East Indies; the largest snake in the world
subtype: #Indian_python__Python_molurus very large python of southeast Asia
subtype: #rock_python__rock_snake__Python_sebae very large python of tropical and southern Africa
subtype: #amethystine_python__amethystinepython with an amethyst color
subtype: #elapid_snake__elapid any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
subtype: #New_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake__harlequin-snake__harlequinsnake any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South and Central America
subtype: #eastern_coral_snake__easterncoralsnake__Micrurus_fulvius ranges from Central America to southeastern United States
subtype: #western_coral_snake__westerncoralsnake__Micruroides_euryxanthus ranges from Central America to southwestern United States
subtype: #Old_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia
subtype: #Asian_coral_snake of India
subtype: #African_coral_snake__Aspidelaps_lubricus small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange
subtype: #Australian_coral_snake__Rhynchoelaps_australis small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red
subtype: #Denisonia_superba__copperhead venomous but sluggish reddish-brown snake of Australia
subtype: #cobra venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin of the neck into a hood
subtype: #Indian_cobra__Naja_naja of tropical Africa and Asia
subtype: #asp__Egyptian_cobra__Naja_haje cobra used by the Pharaohs as a symbol of their power over life and death
subtype: #black-necked_cobra__spitting_cobra__Naja_nigricollis aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness
subtype: #king_cobra__hamadryad__Ophiophagus_hannan__Naja_hannah large cobra of southeastern Asia and the East Indies; the largest venomous snake; sometimes placed in genus Naja
subtype: #ringhals__rinkhals__spitting_snake__Hemachatus_haemachatus highly venomous snake of southern Africa able to spit venom up to seven feet
subtype: #mamba arboreal snake of central and southern Africa whose bite is often fatal
subtype: #black_mamba__blackmamba__Dendroaspis_augusticeps southern African mamba dreaded because of its quickness and readiness to bite
subtype: #green_mamba__greenmamba green phase of the black mamba
subtype: #death_adder__Acanthophis_antarcticus venomous Australian snake resembling an adder
subtype: #tiger_snake__Notechis_scutatus highly venomous brown-and-yellow snake of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: #Australian_blacksnake__Pseudechis_porphyriacus large semiaquatic snake of Australia; black above with red belly
subtype: #krait brightly colored venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula
subtype: #banded_krait__banded_adder__Bungarus_fasciatus sluggish krait banded with black and yellow
subtype: #taipan__Oxyuranus_scutellatus large highly venomous snake of northeastern Australia
subtype: #sea_snake__seasnake any of numerous venomous aquatic viviparous snakes having a fin-like tail; of warm littoral seas; feed on fish which they immobilize with quick-acting venom
subtype: #viper venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw
subtype: #common_viper__adder__Vipera_berus small terrestrial viper common in northern Eurasia
subtype: #asp_viper__aspviper__asp__Vipera_aspis of southern Europe; similar to but smaller than the adder
subtype: #puff_adder__Bitis_arietans large African viper that inflates its body when alarmed
subtype: #gaboon_viper__Bitis_gabonica large heavy-bodied brilliantly marked and extremely venomous west African viper
subtype: #horned_viper__cerastes__sand_viper__horned_asp__Cerastes_cornutus highly venomous viper of North Africa and southwest Asia having a horny spine above each eye
subtype: #pit_viper__pitviper New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head
subtype: #copperhead__Agkistrodon_contortrix common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States
subtype: #cottonmouth__water_moccasin__watermoccasin__cottonmouth_moccasin__cottonmouthmoccasin__agkistrodonpiscivoru venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States
subtype: #rattlesnake pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken
subtype: #diamondback_rattlesnake__diamondbackrattlesnake__diamondback__crotalusadamanteu large deadly rattlesnake with diamond-shaped markings
subtype: #timber_rattlesnake__banded_rattlesnake__Crotalus_horridus_horridus widely distributed in rugged ground of eastern United States
subtype: #canebrake_rattlesnake__canebrakerattlesnake__canebrake_rattler__canebrakerattler__Crotalus_horridus_atricaudatus southern variety
subtype: #prairie_rattlesnake__prairie_rattler__Western_rattlesnake__Crotalus_viridis widely distributed between the Mississippi and the Rockies
subtype: #horned_rattlesnake__sidewinder__Crotalus_cerastes small pale-colored desert rattlesnake of southwestern United States; body moves in an S-shaped curve
subtype: #Western_diamondback_rattlesnake__Western_diamondback__Crotalus_atrox largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: #rock_rattlesnake__Crotalus_lepidus mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest
subtype: #tiger_rattlesnake__tigerrattlesnake__Crotalus_tigris having irregularly cross-banded back; of arid foothills and canyons of southern Arizona and Mexico
subtype: #Mojave_rattlesnake__Crotalus_scutulatus extremely dangerous; most common in areas of scattered scrubby growth; from Mojave Desert to w. Texas and into Mexico
subtype: #speckled_rattlesnake__Crotalus_mitchellii markings vary but usually harmonize with background; of sw Arizona and Baja California
subtype: #massasauga_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_catenatus pygmy rattlesnake found in moist areas from the Great Lakes to Mexico; feeds on mice and small amphibians
subtype: #ground_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_miliaris small pygmy rattlesnake
subtype: #fer-de-lance__Bothrops_atrops large extremely venomous pit viper of Central and South America
subtype: #subclass_Diapsida__Diapsida used in former classifications to include all living reptiles except turtles; superseded by the two subclasses Lepidosauria and Archosauria
subtype: #synapsid_reptile__synapsid extinct reptile having a single pair of lateral temporal openings in the skull
subtype: #therapsid__protomammal probably warm-blooded; considered direct ancestor of mammals
subtype: #Chronoperates_paradoxus shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta Canada region; of about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)
subtype: #cynodont small carnivorous reptiles
subtype: #dicynodont a kind of therapsid
subtype: #ictodosaur intermediate in form between the therapsids and most primitive true mammals
subtype: #pelycosaur large primitive reptile having a tall spinal sail; of the Permian or late Paleozoic in Europe and North America
subtype: #edaphosaurus heavy-bodied reptile with a dorsal sail or crest; of the late Paleozoic
subtype: #dimetrodon carnivorous dinosaur of the Permian in North America having a crest or dorsal sail
subtype: #mammal any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk
subtype: #female_mammal animals that nourish their young with milk
subtype: #tusker any mammal with prominent tusks (especially an elephant or wild boar)
subtype: #prototherian primitive oviparous mammals found only in Australia Tasmania and New Guinea
subtype: #monotreme__egglayingmammal the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria
subtype: #echidna__spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__anteater burrowing spine-covered monotreme of Australia having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites
subtype: #spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__echidna__anteater New Guinea echidnas
subtype: #duck-billed_platypus__platypus__duckbill__duckbilled_platypus__Ornithorhynchus_anatinus small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet; only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae
subtype: #metatherian primitive pouched mammals found mainly in Australia and the Americas
subtype: #marsupial__pouched_mammal__pouchedmammal mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried
subtype: #opossum__possum nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America
subtype: #common_opossum__Didelphis_virginiana__Didelphis_marsupialis omnivorous opossum of the eastern United States; noted for feigning death when in danger; esteemed as food in some areas; considered same species as the crab-eating opossum of South America
subtype: #crab-eating_opossum South American opossum
subtype: #opossum_rat__opossumrat terrestrial marsupials of southern South America that resemble shrews
subtype: #bandicoot any of various agile rat-like terrestrial marsupials of Australia and adjacent islands; insectivorous and herbivorous
subtype: #rabbit-eared_bandicoot__rabbit_bandicoot__bilby__Macrotis_lagotis bandicoot with leathery ears like a rabbit
subtype: #kangaroo any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail
subtype: #giant_kangaroo__giantkangaroo__great_gray_kangaroo__Macropus_giganteus very large grayish-brown Australian kangaroo formerly abundant in open wooded areas
subtype: #wallaby__brush_kangaroo__brushkangaroo any of various small or medium-sized kangaroos often brightly colored
subtype: #common_wallaby__Macropus_agiles height 30 inches
subtype: #hare_wallaby__kangaroo_hare small Australian wallaby that resembles a hare and has persistent teeth
subtype: #nail-tailed_wallaby__nail-tailed_kangaroo small wallabies with a horny nail on the tip of the tail
subtype: #rock_wallaby__rock_kangaroo slender long-legged Australian wallabies living in caves and rocky areas
subtype: #pademelon__paddymelon small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: #tree_wallaby__tree_kangaroo arboreal wallabies of New Guinea and northern Australia having hind and forelegs of similar length
subtype: #musk_kangaroo__Hypsiprymnodon_moschatus small kangaroo of northeastern Australia
subtype: #rat_kangaroo__ratkangaroo__kangaroo_rat any of several rabbit-sized rat-like Australian kangaroos
subtype: #potoroo Australian rat kangaroos
subtype: #bettong short-nosed rat kangaroo
subtype: #jerboa_kangaroo__kangaroo_jerboa brush-tailed rat kangaroo
subtype: #phalanger__opossum__possum small furry Australian arboreal marsupials having long usually prehensile tails
subtype: #cuscus woolly-haired monkey-like arboreal marsupial of New Guinea and North Australia
subtype: #brush-tailed_phalanger__Trichosurus_vulpecula bushy-tailed phalanger
subtype: #flying_phalanger__flying_opossum__flying_squirrel nocturnal phalangers that move with gliding leaps using parachute-like folds of skin along the sides of the body
subtype: #flying_mouse tiny flying phalanger
subtype: #koala_bear__koalabear__koala__kangaroo_bear__native_bear__Phascolarctos_cinereus sluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with gray furry ears and coat; feeds on eucalyptus leaves and bark
subtype: #wombat burrowing herbivorous Australian marsupials about the size of a badger
subtype: #dasyurid_marsupial__dasyurid small carnivorous nocturnal marsupials of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: #dasyure any of several more or less arboreal marsupials somewhat resembling martens
subtype: #eastern_dasyure__Dasyurus_quoll a variety of dasyure
subtype: #native_cat__Dasyurus_viverrinus carnivorous arboreal catlike marsupials of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: #thylacine__Tasmanian_wolf__Tasmanian_tiger__Thylacinus_cynocephalus rare doglike carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania having stripes on its back; probably extinct
subtype: #Tasmanian_devil__ursine_dasyure__Sarcophilus_hariisi small ferocious carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail
subtype: #pouched_mouse__pouchedmouse__marsupial_mouse__marsupialmouse__marsupial_rat__marsupialrat any of numerous small sharp-nosed insectivorous marsupials superficially resembling mice or rats
subtype: #numbat__banded_anteater__anteater__Myrmecobius_fasciatus small Australian marsupial having long snout and strong claws for feeding on termites; nearly extinct
subtype: #pouched_mole__pouchedmole__marsupialmole__Notoryctus_typhlops small burrowing Australian marsupial that resembles a mole
subtype: #placental_mammal__placentalmammal__placental__eutherian__eutherian_mammal__eutherianmammal mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
subtype: #livestock__stock__farm_animal not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit
subtype: #bull.placental_mammal mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle
subtype: #cow mature female of mammals of which the male is called `bull'
subtype: #yearling an animal in its second year
subtype: #buck mature male of various mammals (especially deer or antelope)
subtype: #stag adult male deer
subtype: #royal_stag__royalstag__royal stag with antlers of 12 or more branches
subtype: #doe mature female of mammals of which the male is called `buck'
subtype: #insectivore small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals
subtype: #mole small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having small eyes and fossorial forefeet
subtype: #starnose_mole__star-nosed_mole__Condylura_cristata amphibious mole of eastern North America having pink fleshy tentacles around the nose
subtype: #brewer's_mole__hair-tailed_mole__Parascalops_breweri mole of eastern North America
subtype: #golden_mole mole of southern Africa having iridescent guard hairs mixed with the underfur
subtype: #shrew_mole__shrewmole slender mole having a long snout and tail
subtype: #Asiatic_shrew_mole__Uropsilus_soricipes shrew mole of eastern Asia
subtype: #American_shrew_mole__Neurotrichus_gibbsii grayish-black shrew mole of the United States and Canada
subtype: #shrewmouse__shrew small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles
subtype: #common_shrew__Sorex_araneus common American shrew
subtype: #masked_shrew__Sorex_cinereus commonest shrew of moist habitats in North America
subtype: #short-tailed_shrew__Blarina_brevicauda North American shrew with tail less than half its body length
subtype: #water_shrew__watershrew any of several small semiaquatic shrews usually living near swift-flowing streams
subtype: #American_water_shrew__Sorex_palustris water shrew of North America
subtype: #European_water_shrew__Neomys_fodiens widely distributed Old World water shrew
subtype: #Mediterranean_water_shrew__Neomys_anomalus a type of water shrew
subtype: #least_shrew__leastshrew__Cryptotis_parva small brown shrew of grassy regions of eastern United States
subtype: #hedgehog__Erinaceus_europaeus__Erinaceus_europeaeus small nocturnal Old World mammal covered with both hair and protective spines
subtype: #tenrec__tendrac small often spiny insectivorous mammal of Madagascar; resembles a hedgehog
subtype: #tailless_tenrec__Tenrec_ecaudatus prolific animal that feeds chiefly on earthworms
subtype: #otter_shrew__ottershrew__potamogale__Potamogale_velox amphibious African insectivorous mammal that resembles an otter
subtype: #aquatic_mammal__aquaticmammal whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals
subtype: #cetacean_mammal__cetacean__blower large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals
subtype: #whale any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head
subtype: #baleen_whale__whalebone_whale__whalebonewhale whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water
subtype: #right_whale__rightwhale large arctic whalebone whale; allegedly the `right' whale to hunt because of its valuable whalebone and oil
subtype: #bowhead_whale__bowheadwhale__bowhead__Greenland_whale__Balaena_mysticetus large-mouthed arctic whale
subtype: #rorqual__razorback any of several baleen whales of of the family Balaenopteridae having longitudinal grooves on the throat and a small pointed dorsal fin
subtype: #finback_whale__finbackwhale__finback__finwhale__common_rorqual__Balaenoptera_physalus large flat-headed whalebone whale having deep furrows along the throat; of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #sei_whale__seiwhale__Balaenoptera_borealis similar to but smaller than the finback whale
subtype: #lesser_rorqual__piked_whale__pikedwhale__minke_whale__minkewhale__Balaenoptera_acutorostrata small finback of coastal waters of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #blue_whale__sulfur_bottom__Balaenoptera_musculus largest mammal ever known; bluish-gray migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere
subtype: #humpback_whale__humpback__Megaptera_novaeangliae large whalebone whale with long flippers noted for arching or humping its back as it dives
subtype: #gray_whale__devilfish__Eschrichtius_gibbosus__Eschrichtius_robustus medium-sized grayish-black whale of the north Pacific
subtype: #toothed_whale__toothedwhale any of several whales having simple conical teeth and feeding on fish etc.
subtype: #sperm_whale__spermwhale__cachalot__black_whale__blackwhale__Physeter_catodon large whale with a large cavity in the head containing spermaceti and oil; also a source of ambergris
subtype: #pygmy_sperm_whale__pygmyspermwhale__Kogia_breviceps small sperm whale of warm waters of both coasts of North America
subtype: #dwarf_sperm_whale__dwarfspermwhale__kogiasimu very small (to 8 feet) sperm whale of central coasts of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #beaked_whale any of several whales inhabiting all oceans and having beaklike jaws with vestigial teeth in the upper jaw
subtype: #bottle-nosed_whale__bottlenose_whale__bottlenose__Hyperoodon_ampullatus North Atlantic beaked whale with a bulbous forehead
subtype: #dolphin any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises
subtype: #common_dolphin__Delphinus_delphis black-and-white dolphin that leaps high out of the water; one of the dolphins displayed at the Marinelands of California and Florida
subtype: #bottlenose_dolphin__bottle-nosed_dolphin__bottlenose any of several dolphins with rounded forehead and well-developed beak; chiefly of North Atlantic and Mediterranean
subtype: #Atlantic_bottlenose_dolphin__Tursiops_truncatus the most common dolphin of North Atlantic and Mediterranean; often kept captive and trained to perform
subtype: #Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin__Tursiops_gilli a bottlenose dolphin found in the Pacific Ocean
subtype: #porpoise any of several small gregarious cetacean mammals having a blunt snout and many teeth
subtype: #harbor_porpoise__herring_hog__Phocaena_phocaena the common porpoise of the North Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: #grampus__grampu__Grampus_griseus slaty-gray blunt-nosed dolphin common in northern seas
subtype: #killer_whale__killer__orca__grampus__grampu__sea_wolf__seawolf__Orcinus_orca predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas
subtype: #pilot_whale__pilotwhale__black_whale__blackwhale__common_blackfish__blackfish__Globicephala_melaena small dark-colored whaled of United States Atlantic coast; the largest male acts as pilot or leader for the school
subtype: #river_dolphin__riverdolphin any of several long-snouted usually freshwater dolphins of South America and southern Asia
subtype: #white_whale__whitewhale__beluga__Delphinapterus_leucas small northern whale that is white when adult
subtype: #narwhal__narwal__narwhale__Monodon_monoceros small arctic whale the male having a long spiral ivory tusk
subtype: #spouter a spouting whale
subtype: #sea_cow__seacow__sirenian_mammal__sirenian any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs
subtype: #manatee__trichechusmanatu sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded
subtype: #dugong__Dugong_dugon sirenian tusked mammal found from eastern Africa to Australia; the flat tail is bilobate
subtype: #Steller's_sea_cow__Hydrodamalis_gigas extinct large sirenian mammal formerly found near Asiatic coast of the Bering Sea
subtype: #pinniped_mammal__pinniped__pinnatiped aquatic carnivorous mammal having a streamlined body specialized for swimming with limbs modified as flippers
subtype: #seal.pinniped_mammal any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed; chiefly of cold regions
subtype: #crabeater_seal__crabeaterseal__crab-eating_seal silvery gray Antarctic seal subsisting on crustaceans
subtype: #eared_seal__earedseal pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur
subtype: #fur_seal__furseal eared seal of the S hemisphere; the thick soft underfur is the source of sealskin
subtype: #guadalupe_fur_seal__guadalupefurseal__Arctocephalus_philippi of Pacific coast of California and southward
subtype: #fur_seal.eared_seal__furseal fur seal of the north Pacific
subtype: #Alaska_fur_seal__Callorhinus_ursinus of Pacific coast from Alaska southward to California
subtype: #sea_lion__sealion any of several large eared seals of the north Pacific related to fur seals but lacking their valuable coat
subtype: #South_American_sea_lion__Otaria_Byronia of the southern coast of South America
subtype: #California_sea_lion__Zalophus_californianus__Zalophus_californicus often trained as a show animal
subtype: #Australian_sea_lion__Zalophus_lobatus a variety of sea lion found in Australia
subtype: #Steller_sea_lion__Steller's_sea_lion__Eumetopias_jubatus largest sea lion; of the north Pacific
subtype: #earless_seal__earlessseal__true_seal__hair_seal any of several seals lacking external ear flaps and having a stiff hairlike coat with hind limbs reduced to swimming flippers
subtype: #harbor_seal__common_seal__Phoca_vitulina small spotted seal of coastal waters of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #harp_seal__Pagophilus_groenlandicus common arctic seal; the young are all white
subtype: #elephant_seal__sea_elephant__seaelephant either of two large North Atlantic earless seals having snouts like trunks
subtype: #bearded_seal__beardedseal__squareflipper_square_flipper__Erignathus_barbatus medium-sized grayish to yellow seal with bristles each side of muzzle; of Arctic Ocean
subtype: #hooded_seal__bladdernose__Cystophora_cristata medium-sized blackish-gray seal with large inflatable sac on the head; of Arctic and north Atlantic waters
subtype: #walrus__seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber
subtype: #Atlantic_walrus__Odobenus_rosmarus of North Atlantic and Arctic waters
subtype: #Pacific_walrus__Odobenus_divergens of the Bering Sea and north Pacific
subtype: #carnivore terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb
subtype: #fissiped_mammal__fissiped terrestrial carnivores; having toes separated to the base: dogs; cats; bears; badgers; raccoons
subtype: #canine__canid any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles
subtype: #bitch female of any member of the dog family
subtype: #brood_bitch__broodbitch a bitch used for breeding
subtype: #dog__domesticdog__Canis_familiaris a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; "the dog barked all night"
subtype: #pooch__doggie__doggy__barker__bow-wow__bowwow informal terms for dogs
subtype: #mongrel__cur an inferior dog or one of mixed breed
subtype: #pariah_dog__pye-dog__pyedog__pie-dog__piedog ownerless half-wild mongrel dog common around Asian villages especially India
subtype: #lapdog a dog small and tame enough to be held in the lap
subtype: #toy_dog__toy any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets
subtype: #Chihuahua old breed of tiny short-coated dog with protruding eyes from Mexico held to antedate Aztec civilization
subtype: #Japanese_spaniel breed of toy dogs originating in Japan having a silky black-and-white or red-and-white coat
subtype: #Maltese_dog__Maltese breed of toy dogs having a long straight silky white coat
subtype: #Pekinese__Pekingese__Peke a Chinese breed of small short-legged dogs with a long silky coat and broad flat muzzle
subtype: #Shih-Tzu a Chinese breed of small dog similar to a Pekingese
subtype: #toy_spaniel__toyspaniel a very small spaniel
subtype: #English_toy_spaniel British breed having a long silky coat and rounded head with a short upturned muzzle
subtype: #Blenheim_spaniel red-and-white variety of English toy spaniel
subtype: #King_Charles_spaniel a toy English spaniel with a black-and-tan coat; named after Charles II who popularized it
subtype: #papillon small slender toy spaniel with erect ears and a black-spotted brown to white coat
subtype: #toy_terrier__toyterrier a small active dog
subtype: #hunting_dog__huntingdog a dog used in hunting game
subtype: #Rhodesian_ridgeback a powerful short-haired African hunting dog having a crest of reversed hair along the spine
subtype: #hound_dog__hounddog__hound any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears
subtype: #Afghan_hound tall graceful breed of hound with a long silky coat; native to the Near East
subtype: #basset_hound__basset smooth-haired breed of hound with short legs and long ears
subtype: #beagle a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound
subtype: #bloodhound__sleuthhound a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking
subtype: #bluetick a very fast American hound; white mottled with bluish gray
subtype: #boarhound large hound used in hunting wild boars
subtype: #coonhound any of several breeds of hound developed for hunting raccoons
subtype: #coondog any dog trained to hunt raccoons
subtype: #black-and-tan_coonhound__blackandtancoonhound American breed of large powerful hound dogs used for hunting raccoons and other game
subtype: #foxhound medium-sized glossy-coated hounds developed for hunting foxes
subtype: #American_foxhound an American breed of foxhounds used for hunting both in packs and individually
subtype: #Walker_hound__Walker_foxhound__walkerfoxhound an American breed of foxhound
subtype: #English_foxhound an English breed slightly larger than the American foxhounds originally used to hunt in packs
subtype: #harrier.hound_dog a hound that resembles a foxhound but is smaller; used to hunt rabbits
subtype: #Plott_hound a brindle-coated American hound used in hunting bears and wild boars
subtype: #redbone a speedy red or red-and-tan American hound
subtype: #wolfhound the largest breed of dogs; formerly used to hunt wolves
subtype: #borzoi__Russian_wolfhound tall fast-moving dog breed
subtype: #Irish_wolfhound large breed of hound with a rough thick coat
subtype: #greyhound a tall slender dog of an ancient breed noted for swiftness and keen sight; used as a racing dog
subtype: #Italian_greyhound a toy dog developed from the greyhound
subtype: #whippet small slender dog of greyhound type developed in England
subtype: #Ibizan_hound__Ibizan_Podenco breed of slender agile medium-sized hound found chiefly in the Balearic Islands; said to have been bred originally by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt
subtype: #Norwegian_elkhound__elkhound breed of compact medium-sized dog with a heavy gray coat developed in Norway for hunting elk
subtype: #otterhound__otter_hound__otterhound hardy British hound having long pendulous ears and a thick coarse shaggy coat with an oily undercoat; bred for hunting otters
subtype: #Saluki__gazelle_hound old breed of tall swift keen-eyed hunting dogs resembling greyhounds; from Egypt and southwestern Asia
subtype: #Scottish_deerhound__deerhound very large and tall rough-coated dog bred for hunting deer; known as the royal dog of Scotland
subtype: #staghound a large heavy hound formerly used in hunting stags and other large game; similar to but larger than a foxhound
subtype: #Weimaraner large breed of hound having a smooth grayish coat; originated in Germany
subtype: #dachshund__dachsie__badgerdog small long-bodied short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows
subtype: #sausage_dog__sausagedog__sausage_hound__sausagehound informal term
subtype: #terrier any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground
subtype: #bullterrier__bull_terrier short-haired terrier originated in England by crossing the bulldog with terriers
subtype: #Staffordshire_bullterrier English breed of strong stocky dog having a broad skull and smooth coat
subtype: #American_Staffordshire_terrier__Staffordshire_terrier__American_pit_bull_terrier__pit_bull_terrier American breed of muscular terriers with a short close-lying stiff coat
subtype: #Bedlington_terrier a light terrier groomed to resemble a lamb
subtype: #Border_terrier small rough-coated terrier of British origin
subtype: #Kerry_blue_terrier an Irish breed of medium-sized terriers with a silky blue-gray coat
subtype: #Irish_terrier medium-sized breed with a wiry brown coat; developed in Ireland
subtype: #Norfolk_terrier English breed of small terrier with a straight wiry red-and-black-and-tan or grizzled coat and dropped ears
subtype: #Norwich_terrier English breed of small short-legged terrier with a straight wiry red or gray or black-and-tan coat and erect ears
subtype: #Yorkshire_terrier very small breed having a long glossy coat of bluish-gray and tan
subtype: #rat_terrier__ratterrier__ratter any of several breeds of terrier developed to catch rats
subtype: #Manchester_terrier__black-and-tan_terrier__blackandtanterrier breed of short-haired black-and-tan terrier developed in Manchester England
subtype: #toy_Manchester_terrier__toy_Manchester breed of small Manchester terrier
subtype: #fox_terrier__foxterrier small lively black-and-white terriers formerly used to dig out foxes
subtype: #smooth-haired_fox_terrier a fox terrier with smooth hair
subtype: #wire-haired_fox_terrier a fox terrier with wiry hair
subtype: #wirehair__wirehaired_terrier__wire-haired_terrier a terrier with wiry hair
subtype: #Lakeland_terrier breed of wire-haired terrier originally from the English Lake District used for hunting
subtype: #Welsh_terrier wire-haired terrier resembling airedales but smaller; developed in Wales for hunting
subtype: #Sealyham_terrier__Sealyham a Welsh terrier first bred in Sealyham (Wales)
subtype: #Airedale_terrier__Airedale breed of large wiry-coated terrier bred in Yorkshire
subtype: #cairn_terrier__cairnterrier__cairn small rough-haired breed of terrier from Scotland
subtype: #Australian_terrier small grayish wire-haired breed of terrier from Australia similar to the cairn
subtype: #Dandie_Dinmont_terrier__Dandie_Dinmont a breed of small terrier with long wiry coat and drooping ears
subtype: #Boston_bull__Boston_terrier small pug-faced American terrier breed having a smooth brindle or black coat with white markings
subtype: #schnauzer old German breed of sturdy black or grayish wire-haired terriers having a blunt muzzle ranging in size from fairly small to very large; used as ratters and guard dogs or police dogs
subtype: #miniature_schnauzer__miniatureschnauzer a small schnauzer
subtype: #giant_schnauzer__giantschnauzer a large schnauzer
subtype: #standard_schnauzer a medium-sized schnauzer
subtype: #Scotch_terrier__Scottish_terrier__Scottie__scottie old Scottish breed of small long-haired usually black terrier with erect tail and ears
subtype: #Tibetan_terrier__chrysanthemum_dog__chrysanthemumdog breed of medium-sized terriers bred in Tibet resembling Old English sheepdogs with fluffy curled tails
subtype: #silky_terrier__silkyterrier__Sydney_silky Australian breed of toy dogs having a silky blue coat
subtype: #Skye_terrier Scottish breed of terrier with shaggy hair and long low body with short legs
subtype: #Clydesdale_terrier selectively bred small Skye terrier with erect ears and a long silky coat
subtype: #soft-coated_wheaten_terrier Irish breed of medium-sized terrier with an abundant coat any shade of wheat and very hairy head and muzzle
subtype: #West_Highland_white_terrier small white long-coated terrier developed in Scotland
subtype: #Lhasa_apso__Lhasa a breed of terrier having a long heavy coat raised in Tibet as watchdogs
subtype: #sporting_dog__gun_dog__gundog a dog trained to work with sportsmen when they hunt with guns
subtype: #bird_dog a gun dog trained to locate or retrieve birds
subtype: #water_dog__waterdog a dog accustomed to water and usually trained to retrieve waterfowl
subtype: #retriever a dog with heavy water-resistant coat that can be trained to retrieve game
subtype: #flat-coated_retriever an English breed having a shiny black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water
subtype: #curly-coated_retriever an English breed having a tightly curled black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water
subtype: #golden_retriever an English breed having a long silky golden coat
subtype: #Labrador_retriever breed originally from Labrador having a short black or golden-brown coat
subtype: #Chesapeake_Bay_retriever American breed having a short thick oily coat ranging from brown to light tan
subtype: #Spanish_pointer__pointer a strong slender smooth-haired dog of Spanish origin having a white coat with brown or black patches; scents out and points game
subtype: #German_short-haired_pointer liver or liver-and-white hunting dog developed in Germany; 3/4 pointer and 1/4 bloodhound
subtype: #vizla__Hungarian_pointer Hungarian hunting dog resembling the Weimaraner but having a rich deep red coat
subtype: #setter a long-haired dog formerly trained to crouch on finding game but now to point
subtype: #English_setter an English breed having a plumed tail and a soft silky coat that is chiefly white
subtype: #Irish_setter__red_setter__redsetter an Irish breed with a chestnut-brown or mahogany-red coat
subtype: #Gordon_setter a Scottish breed with a black-and-tan coat
subtype: #spaniel any of several breeds of small to medium-sized gun dogs with a long silky coat and long frilled ears
subtype: #Brittany_spaniel tall active short-tailed French breed of bird dog having a usually smooth orange- or liver-and-white coat
subtype: #clumber_spaniel__clumberspaniel__clumber a thickset spaniel with longish silky hair
subtype: #field_spaniel__fieldspaniel large usually black hunting and retrieving spaniel with a dense flat or slightly wavy coat; cross between cocker and Sussex spaniel
subtype: #springer_spaniel__springer a large spaniel with wavy silky coat usually black or liver and white
subtype: #English_springer_spaniel__English_springer a breed having typically a black-and-white coat
subtype: #Welsh_springer_spaniel a red-and-white breed slightly smaller than the English springer spaniel
subtype: #English_cocker_spaniel__cocker_spaniel__cocker a small breed with a wavy silky hair originally developed in England
subtype: #Sussex_spaniel an English breed with short legs and a golden liver-colored coat
subtype: #water_spaniel__waterspaniel any dog of two large curly-coated breeds (the Irish and the American) used for hunting waterfowl
subtype: #American_water_spaniel breed of medium-sized spaniels originating in America having chocolate or liver-colored curly coat
subtype: #Irish_water_spaniel breed of large spaniels developed in Ireland having a heavy coat of liver-colored curls and a topknot of long curls and a nearly hairless tail
subtype: #wire-haired_pointing_griffon__griffon breed of medium-sized long-headed dogs with downy undercoat and harsh wiry outer coat; originated in Holland but largely developed in France
subtype: #working_dog__workingdog any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs
subtype: #watchdog__guard_dog__guarddog a dog trained to guard property
subtype: #kuvasz long-established Hungarian breed of tall light-footed but sturdy white dog; used also as a hunting dog
subtype: #attack_dog a watchdog trained to attack on command
subtype: #housedog a dog trained to guard a house
subtype: #schipperke breed of small stocky black dogs originally used as watchdogs on boats in the Netherlands and Belgium
subtype: #pinscher any of three breeds of dogs whose ears and tail are usually cropped
subtype: #Doberman_pinscher__Doberman medium large breed of dog of German origin with a glossy black and tan coat; used as a watchdog
subtype: #miniature_pinscher__miniaturepinscher small German version of a Doberman pinscher
subtype: #affenpinscher__monkey_pinscher__monkey_dog European breed of small dog resembling a terrier with dark wiry hair and a tufted muzzle
subtype: #shepherd_dog__sheepdog__sheep_dog__sheepdog any of various usually long-haired breeds of dog reared to herd and guard sheep
subtype: #Belgian_sheepdog__Belgian_shepherd hardy working dog developed in Belgium for herding sheep
subtype: #groenendael black-coated sheepdog with a heavily plumed tail
subtype: #malinois fawn-colored short-haired sheepdog
subtype: #briard old French breed of large strong usually black dogs having a long tail and long wavy and slightly stiff coat
subtype: #kelpie an Australian sheepdog with pointed ears
subtype: #komondor Hungarian breed of large powerful shaggy-coated white dog; used also as guard dog
subtype: #Old_English_sheepdog__bobtail large sheepdog with a profuse shaggy blue-gray-and-white coat and short tail; believed to trace back to Roman occupation of Britain
subtype: #Shetland_sheepdog__Shetland_sheep_dog__Shetland small sheepdog developed in the Shetland Islands and resembling a collie
subtype: #collie a silky-coated sheepdog with a long ruff and long narrow head developed in Scotland
subtype: #Border_collie developed in the area between Scotland and England usually having a black coat with white on the head and tip of tail used for herding both sheep and cattle
subtype: #Bouvier_des_Flandres__Bouviers_des_Flandres rough-coated breed used originally in Belgium for herding and guarding cattle
subtype: #Rottweiler German breed of large vigorous short-haired cattle dogs
subtype: #German_shepherd_dog__German_shepherd__German_police_dog__alsatian breed of large shepherd dogs used in police work and as a guide for the blind
subtype: #police_dog any dog trained to assist police especially in tracking
subtype: #Bernese_mountain_dog large powerful long-haired black-coated Swiss dog with deep tan or russet markings on legs and white blaze and feet and chest marking; formerly used for draft
subtype: #boxer a breed of stocky medium-sized short-haired dog with a brindled coat and square-jawed muzzle developed in Germany
subtype: #mastiff an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog
subtype: #Tibetan_mastiff very large powerful rough-coated dog native to central Asia
subtype: #bull_mastiff large powerful breed developed by crossing the bulldog and the mastiff
subtype: #English_bulldog__bulldog a sturdy thickset short-haired breed with a large head and strong undershot lower jaw; developed originally in England for bull baiting
subtype: #French_bulldog small stocky version of the bulldog having a sleek coat and square head
subtype: #Great_Dane very large powerful smooth-coated breed of dog
subtype: #guide_dog__guidedog__seeing-eye_dog a dog trained to guide the blind
subtype: #hearing_dog__hearingdog dog trained to assist the deaf by signaling the occurrence of certain sounds
subtype: #Saint_Bernard__St_Bernard a Swiss alpine breed of large powerful thick-coated dog used as a rescue dog
subtype: #sled_dog__sledge_dog a dog trained to draw a sled usually in a team
subtype: #Alaskan_malamute__malamute__malemute breed of sled dog developed in Alaska
subtype: #Siberian_husky breed of sled dog developed in northeastern Siberia; they resemble the larger Alaskan malamutes
subtype: #Eskimo_dog__husky breed of heavy-coated Arctic sled dog
subtype: #dalmatian__coach_dog__coachdog__carriage_dog a large breed having a smooth white coat with black or brown spots; originated in Dalmatia
subtype: #liver-spotted_dalmatian__liverspotteddalmatian a brown-spotted dalmatian
subtype: #basenji small smooth-haired breed of African origin having a tightly curled tail and the inability to bark
subtype: #pug-dog__pugdog__pug small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle
subtype: #Leonberg a large dog (usually with a golden coat) produced by crossing a St Bernard and a Newfoundland
subtype: #Newfoundland breed of very large heavy usually black dogs developed in Newfoundland; highly intelligent and vigorous swimmers
subtype: #Great_Pyrenees bred of large heavy-coated white dogs resembling the Newfoundland
subtype: #spitz any of various stocky heavy-coated breeds of dogs native to northern regions having pointed muzzles and erect ears with a curled furry tail
subtype: #Samoyede__Samoyed Siberian breed of white or cream dog of the spitz family
subtype: #Pomeranian breed of very small compact long-haired dogs of the spitz type
subtype: #chow_chow__chow breed of thick-coated medium-sized dogs with fluffy curled tails and distinctive blue-black tongues; believed to have originated in north China
subtype: #keeshond a spitz-type dog having a shaggy grayish coat and tightly curled tail originating in Holland
subtype: #Brussels_griffon__griffon__Belgian_griffon breed of various very small compact wiry-coated dogs of Belgian origin having a short bearded muzzle
subtype: #Brabancon_griffon a variety of Brussels griffon having a short smooth coat
subtype: #Welsh_corgi__corgi either of two Welsh breeds of long-bodied short-legged dogs with erect ears and a fox-like head
subtype: #Pembroke_Welsh_corgi__Pembroke the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail
subtype: #Cardigan_Welsh_corgi__Cardigan slightly bow-legged variety of corgi having rounded ears and a long tail
subtype: #poodle_dog__poodle an intelligent dog with a heavy curly solid-colored coat that is usually clipped; an old breed sometimes trained as sporting dogs or as performing dogs
subtype: #toy_poodle__toypoodle the smallest poodle
subtype: #miniature_poodle__miniaturepoodle a small poodle
subtype: #standard_poodle a medium-sized poodle
subtype: #large_poodle__largepoodle the largest poodle
subtype: #Mexican_hairless any of an old breed of small nearly hairless dogs of Mexico
subtype: vicki#smart_dog__smartdog
instance: vicki#Mindy
subtype: #wolf any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs
subtype: #timber_wolf__gray_wolf__Canis_lupus brindled gray wolf of forested northern regions of North America
subtype: #white_wolf__whitewolf__Arctic_wolf__Canis_lupus_tundrarum wolf of arctic North America having white fur and a black-tipped tail
subtype: #red_wolf__redwolf__manedwolf__Canis_rufus__Canis_niger reddish-gray wolf of southwestern North America
subtype: #coyote__prairie_wolf__prairiewolf__brush_wolf__brushwolf__Canis_latrans small wolf native to western North America
subtype: #coydog offspring of a coyote and a dog
subtype: #jackal__Canis_aureus Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair
subtype: #wild_dog any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves
subtype: #Canis_dingo__dingo__warrigal__warragal wolflike yellowish-brown wild dog of Australia
subtype: #dhole__Cuon_alpinus fierce wild dog of the forests of central and southeast Asia that hunts in packs
subtype: #crab-eating_dog__crab-eating_fox__Dusicyon_cancrivorus wild dog of northern South America
subtype: #raccoon_dog__raccoondog__Nyctereutes_procyonides small wild dog of eastern Asia having facial markings like those of a raccoon
subtype: #African_hunting_dog__hyena_dog__hyenadog__Cape_hunting_dog__Lycaon_pictus a powerful doglike mammal of South and East Africa that hunts in large packs; now rare in settled area
subtype: #hyena__hyaena doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion
subtype: #striped_hyena__stripedhyena__Hyaena_hyaena of northern Africa and Arabia and India
subtype: #brown_hyena__brownhyena__strand_wolf__Hyaena_brunnea of southern Africa
subtype: #spotted_hyena__spottedhyena__laughing_hyena__Crocuta_crocuta African hyena noted for its distinctive howl
subtype: #aardwolf__Proteles_cristata striped hyena of southeast Africa that feeds chiefly on insects
subtype: #fox alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs
subtype: #Reynard a conventional name for a fox used in tales following usage in the old epic "Reynard the Fox"
subtype: #Vulpes_vulpes__red_fox the common Old World fox; having reddish-brown fur; commonly considered a single circumpolar species
subtype: #black_fox__blackfox red fox in the color phase when its pelt is mostly black
subtype: #silver_fox red fox in the color phase when its pelt is tipped with white
subtype: #Vulpes_fulva__red_fox New World fox; often considered the same species las the Old World fox
subtype: #prairie_fox__prairiefox__kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_velox small gray fox of the plains of western North America
subtype: #kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_macrotis small gray fox of southwestern United States; may be a subspecies of Vulpes velox
subtype: #arctic_fox__white_fox__whitefox__Alopex_lagopus thickly-furred fox of Arctic regions; brownish in summer and white in winter
subtype: #blue_fox a variety of arctic fox having a pale gray winter coat
subtype: #gray_fox__grey_fox__Urocyon_cinereoargenteus dark gray American fox; from Central America through southern United States
subtype: #feline__felid any of various lithe-bodied round-headed fissiped mammals many with retractile claws
subtype: #cat__true_cat feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar; domestic cats; wildcats
subtype: #domestic_cat__cat__house_cat__housecat__Felis_domesticus__Felis_catus any domesticated member of the genus Felis
subtype: #kitty-cat__kittycat__kitty__puss__pussy__pussycat informal terms
subtype: #mouser a cat proficient at mousing
subtype: #alley_cat__alleycat__stray homeless cat
subtype: #tom male cat
subtype: #gib a castrated tomcat
subtype: #tabby__queen female cat
subtype: #tabby_cat__tabbycat__tabby a cat with a gray or tawny coat mottled with black
subtype: #tiger_cat__tigercat a cat having a striped coat
subtype: #tortoiseshell-cat__tortoiseshellcat__tortoiseshell__calico_cat a cat having black and cream and yellowish markings
subtype: #Persian_cat a long-haired breed of cat
subtype: #Angora_cat__Angora a long-haired breed similar to the Persian cat
subtype: #Siamese_cat__Siamese a slender short-haired blue-eyed breed of cat having a pale coat with dark ears paws face and tail tip
subtype: #blue_point_Siamese Siamese cat having a bluish cream body and dark gray points
subtype: #Burmese_cat a short-haired breed with body similar to the Siamese cat but having a solid dark brown or gray coat
subtype: #Egyptian_cat a domestic cat of Egypt
subtype: #Maltese_cat a short-haired bluish-gray cat breed
subtype: #Abyssinian_cat__Abyssinian a small slender short-haired breed of African origin having brownish fur with a reddish undercoat
subtype: #Manx_cat a short-haired tailless breed of cat believed to originate on the Isle of Man
subtype: #wildcat any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild
subtype: #sand_cat a desert-dwelling wildcat
subtype: #European_wildcat__catamountain__Felis_silvestris bushy-tailed European wildcat resembling the domestic tabby and regarded as the ancestor of the domestic cat
subtype: #cougar__puma__catamount__mountain_lion__painter__panther__Felis_concolor large American feline resembling a lion
subtype: #ocelot__panther_cat__panthercat__Felis_pardalis nocturnal wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat
subtype: #jaguarundi_cat__jaguarundi__jaguarondi__eyra__Felis_yagouaroundi long-bodied long-tailed tropical American wildcat
subtype: #kaffir_cat__caffer_cat__Felis_ocreata widely distributed wildcat of Africa and Asia Minor
subtype: #jungle_cat__Felis_chaus small Asiatic wildcat
subtype: #Felis_serval__serval slender long-legged African wildcat having large untufted ears and tawny black-spotted coat
subtype: #leopard_cat__leopardcat__Felis_bengalensis small spotted wildcat of southern Asia and Malaysia
subtype: #Felis_tigrina__tiger_cat__tigercat medium-sized wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-striped coat
subtype: #margay_cat__margay__Felis_wiedi small spotted wildcat found from Texas to Brazil
subtype: #Felis_manul__manul__Pallas's_cat small wildcat of the mountains of Siberia Tibet and Mongolia
subtype: #lynx__catamount short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur
subtype: #common_lynx__Lynx_lynx of northern Eurasia
subtype: #Canada_lynx__Lynx_canadensis__lynxcanadensi of northern North America
subtype: #bobcat__bay_lynx__baylynx__Lynx_rufus small lynx of North America
subtype: #spotted_lynx__spottedlynx__Lynx_pardina of southern Europe
subtype: #Lynx_caracal__caracal__desert_lynx of deserts of northern Africa and southern Asia
subtype: #big_cat__bigcat__cat any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild
subtype: #leopard__Panthera_pardus large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots
subtype: #leopardess female leopard
subtype: #panther a leopard in the black color phase
subtype: #snow_leopard__ounce__pantherauncia large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur
subtype: #jaguar__panther__Panthera_onca__Felis_onca a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis
subtype: #lion__king_of_beasts__Panthera_leo large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male
subtype: #lioness__liones a female lion
subtype: #lionet a small or young lion
subtype: #Panthera_tigris__tiger large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered
subtype: #Bengal_tiger southern short-haired tiger
subtype: #tigress a female tiger
subtype: #liger offspring of a male lion and a female tiger
subtype: #tiglon__tigon offspring of a male tiger and a female lion
subtype: #cheetah__chetah__Acinonyx_jubatus long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; can be trained to run down game
subtype: #saber-toothed_tiger__sabertoothedtiger__sabertooth any of many extinct cats of the Old and New Worlds having long swordlike upper canine teeth; from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene
subtype: #Smiledon_californicus North American sabertooth; culmination of sabertooth development
subtype: #false_saber-toothed_tiger__falsesabertoothedtiger North American cat of the Miocene and Pliocene; much earlier and less specialized than members of the genus Smiledon
subtype: #bear massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws
subtype: #brown_bear__brownbear__bruin__Ursus_arctos large ferocious bear of Eurasia
subtype: #Syrian_bear__Ursus_arctos_syriacus yellowish-gray Syrian brown bear
subtype: #grizzly_bear__grizzlybear__grizzly__silvertip__Ursus_horribilis__Ursus_arctos_horribilis__ursusarctoshorribili powerful brownish-yellow bear of the uplands of western North America
subtype: #Alaskan_brown_bear__Kodiak_bear__Kodiak__Ursus_middendorffi__Ursus_arctos_middendorffi brown bear of coastal Alaska and British Columbia
subtype: #bruin a conventional name for a bear used in tales following usage in the old epic "Reynard the Fox"
subtype: #American_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_americanus__Euarctos_americanus brown to black North American bear; smaller and less ferocious than the brown bear
subtype: #cinnamon_bear reddish-brown color phase of the American black bear
subtype: #Asiatic_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_thibetanus__Selenarctos_thibetanus black bear of central and eastern Asia
subtype: #ice_bear__icebear__polar_bear__polarbear__Ursus_Maritimus__Thalarctos_maritimus white bear of arctic regions
subtype: #sloth_bear__slothbear__Melursus_ursinus__Ursus_ursinus common coarse-haired long-snouted bear of south-central Asia
subtype: #viverrine_mammal__viverrinemammal__viverrine small catlike predatory mammals of warmer parts of the Old World
subtype: #civet__civet_cat__civetcat catlike mammal typically secreting musk used in perfumes
subtype: #large_civet__largecivet__Viverra_zibetha common civet of India and southeast Asia
subtype: #small_civet__smallcivet__Viverricula_indica__Viverricula_malaccensis common small civet of southeast Asia
subtype: #binturong__bearcat__Arctictis_bintourong arboreal civet of Asia having a long prehensile tail and shaggy black hair
subtype: #genus_Cryptoprocta__Cryptoprocta large primitive catlike carnivores inhabiting forests of Madagascar
subtype: #fanaloka__Fossa_fossa civet of Madagascar
subtype: #banded_palm_civet__Hemigalus_hardwickii E Indian civet
subtype: #palm_cat__palm_civet spotted or striped arboreal civet of southeast Asia and East Indies
subtype: #fossa_cat__fossacat__fossa__Cryptoprocta_ferox largest carnivore of Madagascar; intermediate in some respects between cats and civets
subtype: #genet__Genetta_genetta agile Old World viverrine having a spotted coat and long ringed tail
subtype: #mongoose agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents
subtype: #Indian_mongoose__Herpestes_nyula keen-sighted viverrine of southern Asia about the size of a ferret; often domesticated
subtype: #Herpestes_ichneumon__ichneumon North African mongoose; in ancient times thought to devour crocodile eggs
subtype: #meerkat__mierkat South African mongoose-like viverrine having a face like a lemur and only four toes
subtype: #slender-tailed_meerkat__Suricata_suricatta a meerkat with a thin and elongated tail
subtype: #suricate__Suricata_tetradactyla burrowing diurnal meerkat of southern Africa; often kept as a pet
subtype: #musteline_mammal__mustelinemammal__musteline fissiped fur-bearing carnivorous mammals
subtype: #weasel small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck
subtype: #ermine__shorttail_weasel__shorttailweasel__Mustela_erminea mustelid of northern hemisphere in its white winter coat
subtype: #stoat the ermine in its brown summer coat with black-tipped tail
subtype: #New_World_least_weasel__Mustela_rixosa of Canada and northeastern United States
subtype: #Old_World_least_weasel__Mustela_nivalis of Europe
subtype: #longtail_weasel__long-tailed_weasel__Mustela_frenata the common American weasel distinguished by large size and black-tipped tail
subtype: #muishond southern African weasel
subtype: #snake_muishond__snakemuishond__Poecilogale_albinucha small slender burrowing muishond with white top of the head
subtype: #striped_muishond__stripedmuishond__Ictonyx_striata__ictonyxstriata ferret-sized muishond often tamed
subtype: #zoril__Ictonyx_frenata north African muishond
subtype: #mink slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur
subtype: #American_mink__Mustela_vison usually rich dark brown
subtype: #fitch__polecat__foulmart__foumart__Mustela_putorius dark brown mustelid of woodlands of Eurasia that gives off an unpleasant odor when threatened
subtype: #ferret domesticated albino variety of the European polecat bred for hunting rats and rabbits
subtype: #black-footed_ferret__ferret__Mustela_nigripes ferret of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct
subtype: #otter freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur
subtype: #river_otter__riverotter__Lutra_canadensis sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America
subtype: #Eurasian_otter__Lutra_lutra otter found in Europe and Asia
subtype: #sea_otter__seaotter__Enhydra_lutris large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur
subtype: #polecat__skunk__wood_pussy American musteline mammal typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae
subtype: #striped_skunk__stripedskunk__Mephitis_mephitis most common and widespread North American skunk
subtype: #hooded_skunk__Mephitis_macroura of Mexico and southernmost parts of southwestern United States
subtype: #hog-nosed_skunk__hognosedskunk__hognosed_skunk__badger_skunk__rooter_skunk__Conepatus_leuconotus large naked-muzzled skunk with white back and tail; of southwestern North America and Mexico
subtype: #little_spotted_skunk__spotted_skunk__spottedskunk__Spilogale_putorius small skunk with a marbled black and white coat; of United States and Mexico
subtype: #badger sturdy carnivorous burrowing mammal with strong claws widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
subtype: #American_badger__Taxidea_taxus a variety of badger native to America
subtype: #Eurasian_badger__Meles_meles a variety of badger native to Europe and Asia
subtype: #ferret_badger small ferret-like badger of southeast Asia
subtype: #hog_badger__hogbadger__hog-nosed_badger__hognosedbadger__sand_badger__Arctonyx_collaris SE Asian badger with a snout like a pig
subtype: #ratel__honey_badger__honeybadger__Mellivora_capensis nocturnal badger-like carnivore of wooded regions of Africa and southern Asia
subtype: #carcajou__wolverine__skunk_bear__skunkbear__Gulo_luscus stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal
subtype: #Gulo_gulo__glutton wolverine of northern Eurasia
subtype: #grison__Grison_vittatus__Galictis_vittatus carnivore of Central and South America resembling a weasel with a grayish-white back and dark underparts
subtype: #marten_cat__marten agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels
subtype: #pine_marten__Martes_martes dark brown marten of northern Eurasian coniferous forests
subtype: #Martes_zibellina__sable marten of North Asian forests having luxuriant dark brown fur
subtype: #American_marten__American_sable__Martes_americana valued for its fur
subtype: #stone_marten__stonemarten__beech_marten__beechmarten__Martes_foina Eurasian marten having a brown coat with pale breast and throat
subtype: #fisher_cat__fisher__pekan__black_cat__blackcat__Martes_pennanti large dark brown North American arboreal carnivorous mammal
subtype: #yellow-throated_marten__Charronia_flavigula large yellow and black marten of S China and Burma
subtype: #tayra__taira__Eira_barbara long-tailed arboreal mustelid of Central and South America
subtype: #procyonid plantigrade carnivorous mammals
subtype: #raccoon__racoon omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North and Central America
subtype: #common_raccoon__common_racoon__coon__ringtail__Procyon_lotor North American raccoon
subtype: #crab-eating_raccoon__Procyon_cancrivorus South American raccoon
subtype: #bassarisk__cacomistle__cacomixle__coon_cat__raccoon_fox__raccoonfox__ringtail__ring-tailed_cat__civet_cat__civetcat__miner's_cat__Bassariscus_astutus raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings
subtype: #kinkajou__honey_bear__honeybear__potto__Potos_flavus__Potos_caudivolvulus arboreal fruit-eating mammal of tropical America with a long prehensile tail
subtype: #coati-mondi__coatimondi__coati__coati-mundi__coatimundi__coon_cat__Nasua_narica omnivorous mammal of Central and South America
subtype: #lesser_panda__red_panda__redpanda__panda__bear_cat__cat_bear__catbear__ailurusfulgen reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore; in some classifications considered unrelated to the giant pandas
subtype: #giant_panda__giantpanda__panda__panda_bear__pandabear__coon_bear__Ailuropoda_melanoleuca large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae
subtype: #Fissipedia in some classifications considered a suborder of Carnivora
subtype: #aardvark__ant_bear__antbear__Orycteropus_afer nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata
subtype: #chiropteran nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate
subtype: #fruit_bat__fruitbat__megabat large Old World bat of warm and tropical regions that feeds on fruit
subtype: #flying_fox large bat with a head that resembles the head of a fox
subtype: #Pteropus_capestratus a variety of fruit bat
subtype: #Pteropus_hypomelanus a variety of fruit bat
subtype: #harpy_bat__harpybat__harpy__tube-nosed_bat__tube-nosed_fruit_bat any of various fruit bats of the genus Nyctimene distinguished by nostrils drawn out into diverging tubes
subtype: #Cynopterus_sphinx a variety of fruit eating bat
subtype: #carnivorous_bat__carnivorousbat__microbat typically having large ears and feeding primarily on insects; worldwide in distribution
subtype: #mouse-eared_bat__mouseearedbat a carnivorous bat with ears like a mouse
subtype: #leafnose_bat__leaf-nosed_bat bat having a leaflike flap at the end of the nose; especially of the families Phyllostomatidae and Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae
subtype: #macrotus__Macrotus_californicus large-eared grayish bat of southern California and northwestern Mexico
subtype: #spearnose_bat__spearnosebat New World bat with a pointed nose leaf; found from southern United States to Paraguay
subtype: #Phyllostomus_hastatus a variety of leaf-nosed bat
subtype: #hognose_bat__hognosebat__Choeronycteris_mexicana small-eared Mexican bat with a long slender nose
subtype: #horseshoe_bat__horseshoebat bat having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
subtype: #horseshoe_bat.leafnose_bat__horseshoebat any of numerous bats of northwest Africa or Philippines or Australia having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
subtype: #orange_bat__orange_horseshoe_bat__Rhinonicteris_aurantius a common bat of northwestern Australia having orange or yellow fur
subtype: #false_vampire_bat__falsevampirebat__false_vampire__falsevampire any New or Old World carnivorous bat erroneously thought to suck blood but in fact feeding on insects
subtype: #big-eared_bat__Megaderma_lyra large carnivorous Old World bat with very large ears
subtype: #vespertilian_bat__vespertilionid a variety of carnivorous bat
subtype: #frosted_bat__frostedbat__Vespertilio_murinus common Eurasian bat with white-tipped hairs in its coat
subtype: #red_bat__redbat__Lasiurus_borealis North American brick or rusty red bat with hairs tipped with white
subtype: #little_brown_bat__little_brown_myotis__Myotis_leucifugus the small common North American bat; widely distributed
subtype: #cave_myotis__Myotis_velifer small bat of southwest United States that lives in caves etc.
subtype: #big_brown_bat__bigbrownbat__Eptesicus_fuscus rather large North American brown bat; widely distributed
subtype: #serotine__European_brown_bat__Eptesicus_serotinus common European brown bat
subtype: #pallid_bat__cave_bat__Antrozous_pallidus drab yellowish big-eared cave-dwelling bat
subtype: #pipistrelle__pipistrel__Pipistrellus_pipistrellus small European brown bat
subtype: #eastern_pipistrel__easternpipistrel__Pipistrellus_subflavus one of the smallest bats of eastern North America
subtype: #western_pipistrel__westernpipistrel__SPipistrellus_hesperus of western North America
subtype: #jackass_bat__jackassbat__spotted_bat__spottedbat__Euderma_maculata large spotted bat of southwestern United States having enormous ears
subtype: #long-eared_bat any of various Old or New World bats having very long ears
subtype: #western_big-eared_bat__westernbigearedbat__Plecotus_townsendi bat of western North America having extremely large ears
subtype: #brown_bat__brownbat any of numerous medium to small insectivorous bats found worldwide in caves and trees and buildings
subtype: #freetail__freetailed_bat small swift bat with leathery ears and a long tail; common in warm regions
subtype: #guano_bat__guanobat__Mexican_freetail_bat__Tadarida_brasiliensis the common freetail bat of southern United States having short velvety fur; migrates south for winter
subtype: #pocketed_bat__pocketed_freetail_bat__Tadirida_femorosacca small brown bat of California and northern Mexico
subtype: #mastiff_bat__mastiffbat a soft-furred chocolate-brown bat with folded ears and small wings; often runs along the ground
subtype: #true_vampire_bat__vampire_bat__vampirebat any of various tropical American bats of the family Desmodontidae that bite mammals and birds to feed on their blood
subtype: #Desmodus_rotundus mouse-sized bat of tropical Central and South America having sharp incisor and canine teeth; feeds on the blood of birds and mammals
subtype: #hairy-legged_vampire_bat__Diphylla_ecaudata similar in size and habits to Desmodus rotundus; of tropical America including southern California and Texas
subtype: #lagomorph__gnawing_mammal__gnawingmammal relative large gnawing animals; distinguished from rodents by having two pairs of upper incisors specialized for gnawing
subtype: #Duplicidentata in former classifications considered a suborder of Rodentia coextensive with the order Lagomorpha: gnawing animals
subtype: #leporid_mammal__leporidmammal__leporid rabbits and hares
subtype: #rabbit__coney__cony any of various burrowing animals of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; some domesticated and raised for pets or food
subtype: #lapin castrated male rabbit
subtype: #bunny_rabbit__bunnyrabbit__bunny (usually informal) especially a young rabbit
subtype: #European_rabbit__Old_World_rabbit__Oryctolagus_cuniculus common grayish-brown burrowing animal native to S Europe and North Africa but introduced elsewhere; widely domesticated and developed in various colors and for various needs; young born naked and helpless
subtype: #wood_rabbit__cottontail__cottontail_rabbit common small rabbit of North America having grayish or brownish fur and a tail with a white underside; a host for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
subtype: #eastern_cottontail__easterncottontail__Sylvilagus_floridanus widely distributed in United States except northwest and far west regions
subtype: #swamp_rabbit__swamprabbit__swamp_hare__swamphare__Sylvilagus_aquaticus of southeastern United States swamps and lowlands
subtype: #marsh_hare__marshhare__swamprabbit__sylvilaguspalustri of marshy coastal areas from North Carolina to Florida
subtype: #Belgian_hare__leporide red breed of domestic rabbits; hybrid between Old World rabbit and hare
subtype: #Angora_rabbit__Angora domestic breed with long white silky hair
subtype: #hare swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes
subtype: #leveret a young hare especially one in its first year
subtype: #European_hare__Lepus_europaeus large hare introduced in North America; does not turn white in winter
subtype: #jackrabbit large hare of western North America
subtype: #white-tailed_jackrabbit__whitetail_jackrabbit__whitetailjackrabbit__Lepus_townsendi largest hare of northern plains and western mountains of United States; brownish-gray in summer and pale gray in winter; tail nearly always all white
subtype: #blacktail_jackrabbit__blacktailjackrabbit__Lepus_californicus the common jackrabbit of grasslands and open areas of western United States; has large black-tipped ears and black streak on the tail
subtype: #polar_hare__polarhare__Arctic_hare__Lepus_arcticus large hare of Arctic America almost completely white in winter
subtype: #snowshoe_hare__snowshoe_rabbit__varying_hare__varyinghare__Lepus_americanus large large-footed North American hare; white in winter
subtype: #pika__mouse_hare__mousehare__rock_rabbit__coney__cony small short-eared burrowing mammal of rocky uplands of Asia and western North America
subtype: #little_chief_hare__Ochotona_princeps North American pika
subtype: #collared_pika__Ochotona_collaris similar to little chief hare and may be same species
subtype: #rodent__gnawer__gnawing_animal__gnawinganimal relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing
subtype: #mouse any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails
subtype: #house_mouse__housemouse__Mus_musculus brownish-gray Old World mouse now a common household pest worldwide
subtype: #harvest_mouse__harvestmouse__Micromyx_minutus small reddish-brown Eurasian mouse inhabiting e.g. cornfields
subtype: #field_mouse__fieldmouse any nocturnal Old World mouse of the genus Apodemus inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
subtype: #European_wood_mouse__Apodemus_sylvaticus nocturnal yellowish-brown mouse inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
subtype: #wood_mouse any of various New World woodland mice
subtype: #white-footed_mouse__vesper_mouse__Peromyscus_leucopus American woodland mouse with white feet and underparts
subtype: #deer_mouse__Peromyscus_maniculatus brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus
subtype: #cactus_mouse__Peromyscus_eremicus burrowing mouse of desert areas of southwestern United States
subtype: #cotton_mouse__Peromyscus_gossypinus large dark mouse of southeastern United States
subtype: #pygmy_mouse__pygmymouse__Baiomys_taylori very small dark grayish brown mouse resembling a house mouse; of Texas and Mexico
subtype: #rat any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
subtype: #pocket_rat any of various rodents with cheek pouches
subtype: #pocket_mouse any of various small nocturnal burrowing desert rodents with cheek pouches and long hind legs and tail
subtype: #silky_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavus small pale yellowish soft-furred rodent of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: #plains_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavescens small rodent of open areas of United States plains states
subtype: #hispid_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_hispidus large stiff-haired rodent of shortgrass prairies of United States
subtype: #Mexican_pocket_mouse__Liomys_irroratus large pocket mouse of Mexico
subtype: #kangaroo_rat__desert_rat__Dipodomys_phillipsii any of various leaping rodents of desert regions of North America and Mexico; largest members of the family Heteromyidae
subtype: #Ord_kangaroo_rat__Dipodomys_ordi most widely distributed kangaroo rat: plains and mountain areas of central and western United States
subtype: #dwarf_pocket_rat__kangaroo_mouse small silky-haired pouched rodent; similar to but smaller than kangaroo rats
subtype: #pocket_gopher__gopher__pouched_rat__pouchedrat burrowing rodent of the family Geomyidae having large external cheek pouches; of Central America and southwestern North America
subtype: #plains_pocket_gopher__Geomys_bursarius gopher of chiefly grasslands of central North America
subtype: #southeastern_pocket_gopher__Geomys_pinetis gopher of Alabama Georgia and Florida
subtype: #valley_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_bottae of valleys and mountain meadows of western United States
subtype: #northern_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_talpoides grayish to brown gopher of western and central United States
subtype: #brown_rat__brownrat__Norway_rat__Rattus_norvegicus common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide
subtype: #wharf_rat__wharfrat brown rat that infests wharves
subtype: #sewer_rat__sewerrat brown rat commonly found in sewers
subtype: #black_rat__blackrat__roof_rat__Rattus_rattus common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide
subtype: #bandicoot_rat__bandicootrat__mole_rat burrowing scaly-tailed rat of India and Ceylon
subtype: #jerboa_rat large Australian rat with hind legs adapted for leaping
subtype: #kangaroo_mouse leaping rodent of Australian desert areas
subtype: #rice_rat__Oryzomys_palustris hardy agile rat of grassy marshes of Mexico and the southeastern United States
subtype: #murine a rodent that is a member of the family Muridae
subtype: #water_rat__waterrat any of various amphibious rats
subtype: #beaver_rat amphibious rat of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: #New_World_mouse a variety of rodent
subtype: #American_harvest_mouse__harvest_mouse__harvestmouse any of several small grayish New World mice inhabiting e.g. grain fields
subtype: #muskrat__Ondatra_zibethica beaver-like aquatic rodent of North America with dark glossy brown fur
subtype: #round-tailed_muskrat__Florida_water_rat__Neofiber_alleni of Florida wetlands
subtype: #cotton_rat__Sigmodon_hispidus destructive long-haired burrowing rat of southern North America and Central America
subtype: #wood_rat any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur gray above and white below with well-furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
subtype: #vole__field_mouse__fieldmouse any of various small mouselike rodents of the family Cricetidae especially of genus Microtus having a stout short-tailed body and inconspicuous ears and inhabiting fields or meadows
subtype: #grasshopper_mouse__grasshoppermouse insectivorous mouse of western North America
subtype: #pine_vole__pine_mouse__Pitymys_pinetorum short-tailed glossy-furred burrowing vole of the eastern United States
subtype: #meadow_vole__meadow_mouse__Microtus_pennsylvaticus widely distributed in grasslands of northern United States and Canada
subtype: #Richardson_vole__water_vole__watervole__Microtus_richardsoni of western North America
subtype: #prairie_vole__prairievole__Microtus_ochrogaster typical vole of the extended prairie region of central United States and southern Canada
subtype: #water_vole__watervole__water_rat__waterrat__Arvicola_amphibius common large Eurasian vole
subtype: #red-backed_mouse__redback_vole__redbackvole any of several voles of mountainous regions of Eurasia and America
subtype: #phenacomys any of several vole-like terrestrial or arboreal rodents of cold forested regions of Canada and western United States
subtype: #packrat__traderat__bushytail_woodrat__bushytailwoodrat__Neotoma_cinerea any of several bushy-tailed rodents of the genus Neotoma of western North America; hoards food and other objects
subtype: #dusky-footed_woodrat__Neotoma_fuscipes host to Lyme disease tick (Ixodes pacificus) in northern California
subtype: #eastern_woodrat__easternwoodrat__Neotoma_floridana large grayish-brown woodrat of the southeastern United States
subtype: #hamster short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches
subtype: #Eurasian_hamster__Cricetus_cricetus a variety of hamster common to Europe and Asia
subtype: #golden_hamster__Syrian_hamster__Mesocricetus_auratus small light-colored hamster often kept as a pet
subtype: #gerbil__gerbille small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping
subtype: #jird North African gerbils
subtype: #tamarisk_gerbil__Meriones_unguiculatus popular as a pet
subtype: #Meriones_longifrons__sand_rat southern European gerbil
subtype: #lemming any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents of circumpolar distribution
subtype: #European_lemming__Lemmus_lemmus notable for mass migrations even into the sea where many drown
subtype: #brown_lemming__brownlemming__Lemmus_trimucronatus of northwestern Canada and Alaska
subtype: #gray_lemming__red-backed_lemming Old World lemming
subtype: #pied_lemming North American lemming having a white winter coat and some claws much enlarged
subtype: #Hudson_bay_collared_lemming__Dicrostonyx_hudsonius of northern Canada
subtype: #southern_bog_lemming__Synaptomys_cooperi of low bogs and meadows of northeastern and central United States and southern Canada
subtype: #northern_bog_lemming__Synaptomys_borealis of wet alpine and subalpine meadows of Canada and Alaska
subtype: #porcupine__hedgehog relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur
subtype: #Old_World_porcupine terrestrial porcupine
subtype: #brush-tailed_porcupine__brush-tail_porcupine porcupine with a tuft of large beaded bristles on the tail
subtype: #long-tailed_porcupine__Trichys_lipura porcupine of Borneo and Sumatra having short spines and a long tail
subtype: #New_World_porcupine arboreal porcupine
subtype: #Canada_porcupine__Erethizon_dorsatum porcupine of northeastern North America with barbed spines concealed in the coarse fur; often gnaws buildings for salt and grease
subtype: #jumping_mouse__jumpingmouse any of several primitive mouselike rodents with long hind legs and no cheek pouches; of woodlands of Eurasia and North America
subtype: #meadow_jumping_mouse__Zapus_hudsonius widely distributed in northeastern and central United States and Canada
subtype: #jerboa mouselike jumping rodent
subtype: #typical_jerboa__typicaljerboa small nocturnal jumping rodent with long hind legs; of arid parts of North Africa and Asia
subtype: #Jaculus_jaculus a variety of jerboa
subtype: #dormouse small furry-tailed squirrel-like Old World rodent that becomes torpid in cold weather
subtype: #loir__Glis_glis large European dormouse
subtype: #hazel_mouse__hazelmouse__Muscardinus_avellanarius a variety of dormouse
subtype: #lerot dormouse of southern Europe and northern Africa
subtype: #squirrel a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail
subtype: #tree_squirrel any typical arboreal squirrel
subtype: #eastern_gray_squirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_carolinensis common medium-large squirrel of eastern North America; now introduced into England
subtype: #western_gray_squirrel__Sciurus_griseus large gray squirrel of far western areas of United States
subtype: #eastern_fox_squirrel__easternfoxsquirrel__fox_squirrel__foxsquirrel__Sciurus_niger exceptionally large arboreal squirrel of eastern United States
subtype: #black_squirrel__blacksquirrel fox squirrel or gray squirrel in the black color phase
subtype: #red_squirrel__redsquirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_vulgaris common reddish-brown squirrel of Europe and parts of Asia
subtype: #American_red_squirrel__spruce_squirrel__red_squirrel__redsquirrel__Sciurus_hudsonicus__Tamiasciurus_hudsonicus of northern United States and Canada
subtype: #chickeree__Douglas_squirrel__Tamiasciurus_douglasi far western United States counterpart of the red squirrel
subtype: #ground_squirrel__gopher__spermophile any of various terrestrial burrowing rodents of Old and New Worlds; often destroy crops
subtype: #whitetail_antelope_squirrel__antelope_squirrel__antelope_chipmunk__Citellus_leucurus small ground squirrel of western United States
subtype: #mantled_ground_squirrel__Citellus_lateralis common black-striped reddish-brown ground squirrel of western North America; resembles a large chipmunk
subtype: #suslik__souslik__Citellus_citellus rather large central Eurasian ground squirrel
subtype: #flickertail__Richardson_ground_squirrel__Citellus_richardsoni of sagebrush and grassland areas of western United States and Canada
subtype: #rock_squirrel__Citellus_variegatus large gray ground squirrel of rocky areas of the southwestern United States
subtype: #Arctic_ground_squirrel__parka_squirrel__parkasquirrel__Citellus_parryi large ground squirrel of the North American far north
subtype: #eastern_chipmunk__easternchipmunk__hackee__striped_squirrel__stripedsquirrel__ground_squirrel__Tamias_striatus small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches
subtype: #chipmunk chipmunk of western America and Asia
subtype: #baronduki__baranduki__barunduki__burunduki__eutamiusasiaticu__Eutamius_sibiricus terrestrial Siberian squirrel
subtype: #American_flying_squirrel New World flying squirrels
subtype: #southern_flying_squirrel__Glaucomys_volans small large-eyed nocturnal flying squirrel of eastern United States
subtype: #northern_flying_squirrel__Glaucomys_sabrinus large flying squirrel; chiefly of Canada
subtype: #Asiatic_flying_squirrel nocturnal rodent of Asia having furry folds of skin between forelegs and hind legs enabling it to move by gliding leaps
subtype: #taguan__flying_marmot__flying_cat__Petaurista_petaurista East Indian flying squirrel
subtype: #prairie_dog__prairiedog__prairie_marmot__prairiemarmot any of several rodents of North American prairies living in large complex burrows having a barking cry
subtype: #blacktail_prairie_dog__blacktailprairiedog__Cynomys_ludovicianus tail is black tipped
subtype: #whitetail_prairie_dog__whitetailprairiedog__Cynomys_gunnisoni tail is white tipped
subtype: #marmot stocky coarse-furred burrowing rodent with a short bushy tail found throughout the northern hemisphere; hibernates in winter
subtype: #groundhog__woodchuck__Marmota_monax reddish brown North American marmot
subtype: #hoary_marmot__hoarymarmot__whistler__whistling_marmot__whistlingmarmot__Marmota_caligata large North American mountain marmot
subtype: #yellowbelly_marmot__yellowbellymarmot__rockchuck__marmotaflaviventri heavy-bodied yellowish-brown marmot of rocky areas of western North America
subtype: #beaver large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges
subtype: #Old_World_beaver__Castor_fiber a European variety of beaver
subtype: #New_World_beaver__Castor_canadensis a variety of beaver found in almost all areas of North America except Florida
subtype: #mountain_beaver__sewellel__Aplodontia_rufa bulky nocturnal burrowing rodent of uplands of the Pacific coast of North America; the most primitive living rodent
subtype: #cavy short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent
subtype: #Cavia_cobaya__guinea_pig stout-bodied nearly tailless domesticated cavy; often kept as a pet and widely used in research
subtype: #aperea__wild_cavy__Cavia_porcellus South American cavy; possibly ancestral to the domestic guinea pig
subtype: #mara__Dolichotis_patagonum hare-like rodent of the pampas of Argentina
subtype: #capybara__capibara__Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris pig-sized tailless South American amphibious rodent with partly webbed feet; largest living rodent
subtype: #agouti__Dasyprocta_aguti agile long-legged rabbit-sized rodent of Central and South America and West Indies; valued as food
subtype: #Cuniculus_paca__paca large burrowing rodent of South and Central America; highly esteemed as food
subtype: #mountain_paca rodent of mountains of western South America
subtype: #Myocastor_coypus__coypu__nutria aquatic South American rodent resembling a small beaver; bred for its fur
subtype: #Chinchilla_laniger__chinchilla small rodent with soft pearly gray fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur
subtype: #mountain_chinchilla__mountain_viscacha a rodent native to the mountains of Chile and Peru and now bred in captivity
subtype: #viscacha__chinchillon__Lagostomus_maximus gregarious burrowing rodent larger than the chinchillas
subtype: #abrocome__chinchilla_rat__rat_chinchilla__ratchinchilla ratlike rodent with soft fur and large ears of the Andes
subtype: #mole_rat furry short-limbed tailless rodent resembling a true mole in habits and appearance; of eastern Europe and Middle East
subtype: #mole_rat.rodent__molerat African rodent resembling a mole in habits and appearance
subtype: #sand_rat small nearly naked African mole rat of desert areas
subtype: #Ungulata in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising all hoofed mammals; now divided into the orders Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
subtype: #ungulate__hoofed_mammal any of a number of hoofed mammals superficially similar but not necessarily closely related taxonomically
subtype: #dinocerate an extinct ungulate
subtype: #dinoceras__dinocera__uintathere a variety of dinocerate
subtype: #odd-toed_ungulate__perissodactyl__perissodactyl_mammal__perissodactylmammal placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot
subtype: #equine__equid hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck
subtype: #horse__Equus_caballus solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
subtype: #roan horse having a roan coat
subtype: #stablemate__stable_companion a horse stabled with another or one of several horses owned by the same person
subtype: #gee-gee__geegee a word for horse used by children or in adult slang
subtype: #eohippus__dawn_horse earliest horse; extinct primitive dog-sized 4-toed Eocene animal
subtype: #mesohippus North American 3-toed Oligocene animal; probably not directly ancestral to modern horses
subtype: #protohippus Pliocene horse approaching donkeys in size
subtype: #female_horse__mare female equine animal
subtype: #broodmare__stud_mare a female horse used for breeding
subtype: #saddle_horse__riding_horse__mount a lightweight horse kept for riding only
subtype: #remount a fresh horse especially (formerly) to replace one killed or injured in battle
subtype: #palfrey (archaic) especially a light saddle horse for a woman
subtype: #warhorse horse used in war
subtype: #cavalry_horse__cavalryhorse horse trained for battle
subtype: #charger formerly a strong horse ridden into battle
subtype: #steed (literary) spirited horse for state or war
subtype: #prancer a mettlesome or fiery horse
subtype: #hack a saddle horse used for transportation rather than sport etc.
subtype: #cow_pony__cowpony a light saddle horse trained for herding cattle
subtype: #quarter_horse__quarterhorse a small powerful horse originally bred for sprinting in quarter-mile races in Virginia
subtype: #Morgan an American breed of small compact saddle horses
subtype: #Tennessee_walker__Tennessee_walking_horse__Walking_horse__Plantation_walking_horse a horse marked by stamina and trained to move at a fast running walk
subtype: #American_saddle_horse a high-stepping horse originating in Kentucky
subtype: #Appaloosa a hardy breed developed in western North America and characteristically having a spotted rump
subtype: #Arabian__Arab a spirited graceful and intelligent riding horse native to Arabia
subtype: #buckskin_horse__buckskin horse of a light yellowish dun color with dark mane and tail
subtype: #crowbait an emaciated horse likely soon to become carrion and so attractive to crows
subtype: #dun horse of a dull brownish gray color
subtype: #gray_horse horse of a light grey or whitish color
subtype: #pony a range horse of the western United States
subtype: #mustang small hardy range horse of the western plains descended from horses brought by the Spanish
subtype: #bronco__bronc__broncho an unbroken or imperfectly broken mustang
subtype: #bucking_bronco__buckingbronco a vicious or unbreakable bronco
subtype: #cayuse__Indian_pony a small native range horse
subtype: #polo_pony a small agile horse specially bred and trained for playing polo
subtype: #wild_horse undomesticated or feral domestic horse
subtype: #tarpan__Equus_caballus_gomelini European wild horse extinct since the early 20th century
subtype: #warrigal__warragal Australian wild horse
subtype: #Przewalski's_horse__Przevalski's_horse__Equus_caballus_przewalskii__Equus_caballus_przevalskii wild horse of central Asia that resembles an ass; now endangered
subtype: #hack.horse a horse kept for hire
subtype: #jade__hack__nag__plug an old or over-worked horse
subtype: #pony.horse any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder
subtype: #Shetland_pony breed of very small pony with long shaggy mane and tail
subtype: #Welsh_pony breed of small ponies originally from Wales
subtype: #Exmoor stocky breed of pony with a fawn-colored nose
subtype: #racehorse__bangtail__race_horse a horse bred for racing
subtype: #pony.racehorse an informal term for a racehorse; "he liked to bet on the ponies"
subtype: #yearling.racehorse a racehorse considered one year old until the second Jan. 1 following its birth
subtype: #dark_horse a racehorse about which little is known
subtype: #mudder a racehorse that runs well on a muddy racetrack
subtype: #nonstarter a horse that fails to run in a race for which it has been entered
subtype: #pacemaker__pacer__pacesetter a horse used to set the pace in racing
subtype: #trotting_horse__trotter a horse trained to trot especially one trained for harness racing
subtype: #pole_horse the horse having a starting position next to the inside rail in a harness race
subtype: #steeplechaser a horse trained to run in steeplechases
subtype: #stalking-horse a horse behind which a hunter hides while stalking game
subtype: #harness_horse__harnesshorse horse used for pulling vehicles
subtype: #cob.harness_horse stocky short-legged harness horse
subtype: #hackney a compact breed of harness horse
subtype: #workhorse a horse used for plowing and hauling and other heavy labor
subtype: #plow_horse__plough_horse a horse used to pull a plow
subtype: #draft_horse__draught_horse__draughthorse__dray_horse horse adapted for drawing heavy loads
subtype: #carthorse__cart_horse__drayhorse draft horse kept for pulling carts
subtype: #Clydesdale heavy feathered-legged breed of draft horse originally from Scotland
subtype: #shire_horse__shirehorse__shire British breed of large heavy draft horse
subtype: #poler__pole_horse a draft horse harnessed alongside the shaft or pole of a vehicle
subtype: #wheel_horse__wheelhorse__wheeler a draft horse harnessed behind others and nearest the wheels of a vehicle
subtype: #coach_horse__coachhorse strong draft horse for drawing coaches
subtype: #packhorse a workhorse used as a pack animal
subtype: #farm_horse__dobbin a quiet plodding workhorse
subtype: #post_horse__poster a horse kept at an inn or post house for use by mail carriers or for rent to travelers
subtype: #pacer a horse trained to a special gait in which both feet on one side leave the ground together
subtype: #high_stepper__stepper a horse trained to lift its feet high off the ground while walking or trotting
subtype: #chestnut a dark golden-brown or reddish-brown horse
subtype: #liver_chestnut__liverchestnut a solid dark brown horse
subtype: #bay.horse a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color
subtype: #sorrel a horse of a brownish orange to light brown color
subtype: #palomino a horse of light tan or golden color with cream or white mane and tail
subtype: #pinto a spotted or calico horse or pony
subtype: #ass__as hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse
subtype: #domestic_ass__donkey__Equus_asinus domestic beast of burden descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn
subtype: #burro small donkey used as a pack animal
subtype: #moke British informal
subtype: #jackass__jackas male donkey
subtype: #jennet__jenny__jenny_ass__jennyas female donkey
subtype: #wild_ass any of several plain-colored equine mammals of Asia and northeast Africa
subtype: #African_wild_ass__Equus_asinus a wild ass of Africa
subtype: #Equus_kiang__kiang wild ass of Tibet and Mongolia
subtype: #Equus_hemionus__onager Asiatic wild ass
subtype: #chigetai__dziggetai__Equus_hemionus_hemionus__equushemionushemionu Mongolian wild ass
subtype: #mule sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse
subtype: #hinny sterile offspring of a male horse and a female donkey or ass
subtype: #zebra any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines
subtype: #common_zebra__Burchell's_zebra__Equus_Burchelli of the plains of central and eastern Africa
subtype: #mountain_zebra__Equus_zebra_zebra narrow-striped nearly extinct zebra of southern Africa
subtype: #grevy's_zebra__grevy'szebra__Equus_grevyi zebra with less continuous stripes
subtype: #Equus_quagga__quagga mammal of South Africa that resembled a zebra; extinct since late 19th century
subtype: #rhinoceros__rhino massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout
subtype: #Indian_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_unicornis having one horn
subtype: #woolly_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_antiquitatis extinct thick-haired species of arctic regions
subtype: #white_rhinoceros__Ceratotherium_simum__Diceros_simus large light-gray African rhinoceros having two horns; endangered; sometimes placed in genus Diceros
subtype: #black_rhinoceros__Diceros_bicornis African rhino; in danger of extinction
subtype: #tapir large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout
subtype: #New_World_tapir__Tapirus_terrestris a tapir found in South and Central America
subtype: #Malayan_tapir__Indian_tapir__Tapirus_indicus a tapir found in Malaya and Sumatra
subtype: #even-toed_ungulate__artiodactyl__artiodactyl_mammal__artiodactylmammal placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot
subtype: #swine stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals
subtype: #pig__squealer__grunter__Sus_scrofa domestic swine
subtype: #porker a pig fattened to provide meat
subtype: #boar an uncastrated male hog
subtype: #sow an adult female hog
subtype: #razorback_hog__razorbackhog__razorback__razorbacked_hog__razorbackedhog thin-bodied mongrel hog of southeastern United States that is a wild or semi-wild descendant of improved breeds
subtype: #wild_boar__boar__Sus_scrofa Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States
subtype: #babirusa__babiroussa__babirussa__Babyrousa_Babyrussa Indonesian wild pig with enormous curved canine teeth
subtype: #warthog African wild swine with warty protuberances on the face and large protruding tusks
subtype: #peccary__musk_hog nocturnal gregarious pig-like wild animals of North and South America
subtype: #collared_peccary__javelina__Tayassu_angulatus__Tayassu_tajacu__Peccari_angulatus dark gray peccary with an indistinct white collar; of semi desert areas of Mexico and southwestern United States
subtype: #white-lipped_peccary__Tayassu_pecari blackish peccary with whitish cheeks; larger than the collared peccary
subtype: #Chiacoan_peccary a recently discovered large wild pig of Paraguay
subtype: #hippopotamus__hippo__river_horse__riverhorse__Hippopotamus_amphibius massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa
subtype: #ruminant any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments
subtype: #pollard a usually horned animal that as either shed its horns or had them removed
subtype: #bovid hollow-horned ruminants
subtype: #bovine any of various members of the genus Bos
subtype: #wild_ox__ox any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos
subtype: #aurochs__auroch__urus__Bos_primigenius large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle
subtype: #Bos_grunniens__yak large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated
subtype: #Bos_banteng__banteng__banting wild ox of the Malay Archipelago
subtype: #Asian_wild_ox genus of Asiatic wild oxen
subtype: #gaur__Bibos_gaurus wild ox of mountainous areas of eastern India
subtype: #gayal__mithan__Bibos_frontalis ox of southeast Asia sometimes considered a domesticated breed of the gaur
subtype: #cattle__cows__kine__oxen__Bos_taurus domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age: "so many head of cattle"; "wait till the cows come home"; "seven thin and ill-favored kine"- Bible; "a team of oxen"
subtype: #ox an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus
subtype: #stirk yearling heifer or bullock
subtype: #steer__bullock castrated bull
subtype: #bull.cattle uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle
subtype: #bullock young bull
subtype: #moo-cow__moocow__cow female of domestic cattle: "`moo-cow'" is a child's term"
subtype: #springing_cow__springingcow__springer a cow about to give birth
subtype: #heifer young cow
subtype: #beef_cattle__beef cattle that are reared for their meat
subtype: #Texas_longhorn__longhorn long-horned beef cattle formerly common in southwestern United States
subtype: #Santa_Gertrudis Brahman and shorthorn crossbreed of red cattle; hardy in hot regions
subtype: #Aberdeen_Angus__Angus__black_Angus black hornless breed from Scotland
subtype: #Charolais large white or cream-colored breed from France
subtype: #shorthorn__Durham English breed of short-horned cattle
subtype: #Galloway breed of hardy black chiefly beef cattle native to Scotland
subtype: #Hereford__whiteface hardy English breed of dairy cattle raised extensively in United States
subtype: #cattalo hardy breed of cattle resulting from crossing domestic cattle with the American buffalo; yields leaner beef than conventional breeds
subtype: #Welsh_Black__Welsh Welsh breed of dual-purpose cattle
subtype: #red_poll__redpoll hornless short-haired breed of beef and dairy cattle
subtype: #Africander tall large-horned humped south African cattle for meat or draft
subtype: #dairy_cattle__dairycattle__dairy_cow__dairycow__milch_cow__milchcow__milk_cow__milcher__milker cattle that are reared for their milk
subtype: #Ayrshire hardy breed from Ayr Scotland
subtype: #Brown_Swiss large hardy brown breed from Switzerland
subtype: #Jersey breed from the island of Jersey
subtype: #milking_shorthorn__milkingshorthorn breed evolved from shorthorn beef cattle
subtype: #Holstein-Friesian__Friesian__Holstein a breed of dairy cattle from northern Holland
subtype: #Guernsey breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey
subtype: #Devon red dual-purpose cattle of English origin
subtype: #Bos_indicus__Brahman__Brahma__Brahmin any of several breeds of Indian cattle; especially a large American heat and tick resistant grayish humped breed evolved in the Gulf States by interbreeding Indian cattle and now used chiefly for crossbreeding
subtype: #zebu domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia
subtype: #Old_World_buffalo__buffalo any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo
subtype: #water_buffalo__waterbuffalo__water_ox__waterox__Asiatic_buffalo__Bubalus_bubalis Asiatic buffalo often domesticated for use as a draft animal
subtype: #Indian_buffalo upland buffalo of eastern Asia where true water buffaloes do not thrive; used for draft and milk
subtype: #carabao water buffalo of the Philippines
subtype: #anoa__dwarf_buffalo__dwarfbuffalo__Anoa_depressicornis small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns
subtype: #tamarau__tamarao__Bubalus_mindorensis__Anoa_mindorensis small buffalo of Mindoro in the Philippines
subtype: #Cape_buffalo__Synercus_caffer large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves
subtype: #bison any of several large shaggy-maned humped bovids having large heads and short horns
subtype: #American_bison__American_buffalo__buffalo__bisonbison large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains
subtype: #wisent__aurochs__auroch__Bison_bonasus European bison having a smaller and higher head than the North American bison
subtype: #musk_ox__musk_sheep__Ovibos_moschatus large shaggy-coated bovid mammal of Canada and Greenland; intermediate in size and anatomy between an ox and a sheep
subtype: #sheep woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
subtype: #ewe female sheep
subtype: #tup__ram uncastrated adult male sheep: "a British term is `tup'"
subtype: #wether male sheep especially a castrated one
subtype: #bellwether sheep that leads the herd often wearing a bell
subtype: #black_sheep__blacksheep sheep with a black coat
subtype: #domestic_sheep__Ovis_aries any of various breeds raised for wool or edible meat or skin
subtype: #Cotswold sheep with long wool originating in the Cotswolds
subtype: #Hampshire_down__Hampshire British breed of hornless dark-faced mutton sheep
subtype: #Lincoln long-wooled mutton sheep originally from Lincolnshire
subtype: #Exmoor.domestic_sheep__exmoor horned sheep of Devon; valued for mutton
subtype: #Cheviot hardy hornless sheep of the Cheviot hills noted for its wool
subtype: #caracul__karakul hardy coarse-haired sheep of central Asia; lambs are valued for their soft curly black fur
subtype: #longwool a domestic long-wool sheep
subtype: #merino_sheep__merino white sheep originating in Spain and producing a heavy fleece of exceptional quality
subtype: #Rambouillet hardy sheep developed from the Merino producing both good mutton and fine wool
subtype: #wild_sheep undomesticated sheep
subtype: #argali__argal__Ovis_ammon wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia
subtype: #Marco_Polo_sheep__Marco_Polo's_sheep__Ovis_poli Asiatic wild sheep with exceptionally large horns; sometimes considered a variety of the argali (or Ovis ammon)
subtype: #urial__Ovis_vignei bearded reddish sheep of southern Asia
subtype: #Dall_sheep__Dall's_sheep__white_sheep__whitesheep__Ovis_montana_dalli large white wild sheep of northwestern Canada and Alaska
subtype: #mountain_sheep any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions
subtype: #Rocky_Mountain_bighorn__bighorn__bighorn_sheep__bighornsheep__cimarron__Rocky_Mountain_sheep__Ovis_canadensis wild sheep of mountainous regions of western North America having massive curled horns
subtype: #mouflon__moufflon__Ovis_musimon wild short-fleeced mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia
subtype: #aoudad__arui__audad__Barbary_sheep__maned_sheep__manedsheep__Ammotragus_lervia wild sheep of northern Africa
subtype: #caprine_animal__caprineanimal__goat any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns
subtype: #kid young goat
subtype: #billy_goat__billygoat__billy__he-goat male goat
subtype: #nanny-goat__nannygoat__nanny__she-goat__shegoat female goat
subtype: #domestic_goat__Capra_hircus any of various breeds raised for milk or meat or wool
subtype: #Cashmere_goat__Kashmir_goat Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool
subtype: #Angora_goat__Angora raised for its long silky hair which is the true mohair
subtype: #wild_goat undomesticated goat
subtype: #bezoar_goat__pasang__Capra_aegagrus wild goat of Iran and adjacent regions
subtype: #markhor__Capra_falconeri large Himalayan goat with large spiraled horns
subtype: #Capra_ibex__ibex wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and North Africa having large recurved horns
subtype: #goat_antelope bovid related to goats but having antelope-like features: mountain goats; gorals; serows; chamois; gnu goats
subtype: #mountain_goat__Rocky_Mountain_goat__Oreamnos_americanus sure-footed mammal of mountainous northwestern North America
subtype: #Naemorhedus_goral__goral small goat antelope with small conical horns; of South Asian mountains
subtype: #serow short-horned dark-coated goat antelope of mountain areas of south and southeast Asia
subtype: #chamois__Rupicapra_rupicapra hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips
subtype: #takin__gnu_goat__gnugoat__budorcastaxicolor large heavily built goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area
subtype: #antelope graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles; springboks; impalas; addax; gerenuks; blackbucks; dik-diks
subtype: #blackbuck__black_buck__blackbuck__Antilope_cervicapra common Indian antelope with a dark back and spiral horns
subtype: #gerenuk__Litocranius_walleri slender east African antelope with slim neck and backward-curving horns
subtype: #addax__Addax_nasomaculatus large antelope with lightly spiraled horns of desert regions of North Africa
subtype: #gnu__wildebeest large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail
subtype: #dik-dik__dikdik any of several small antelopes of eastern Africa of the genus Madoqua; the size of a large rabbit
subtype: #hartebeest large African antelope with lyre-shaped horns that curve backward
subtype: #sassaby__topi__Damaliscus_lunatus large South African antelope; considered the swiftest hoofed mammal
subtype: #impala__Aepyceros_melampus African antelope with ridged curved horns; moves with enormous leaps
subtype: #gazelle small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes
subtype: #Thomson's_gazelle__Gazella_thomsoni E African Gazelle; smallest gazelle
subtype: #Gazella_subgutturosa a kind of gazelle
subtype: #springbok__springbuck__Antidorcas_marsupialis__Antidorcas_euchore South African gazelle noted for springing lightly into the air
subtype: #bongo__Tragelaphus_eurycerus__Boocercus_eurycerus large forest antelope of central Africa having a reddish-brown coat with white stripes and spiral horns
subtype: #kudu__koodoo__koudou either of two spiral-horned antelopes of the African bush
subtype: #greater_kudu__greaterkudu__tragelaphusstrepsicero a variety of kudu
subtype: #lesser_kudu__Tragelaphus_imberbis a smaller variety of kudu
subtype: #harnessed_antelope__harnessedantelope any of several antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus having striped markings resembling a harness
subtype: #nyala__Tragelaphus_angasi spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck
subtype: #bushbuck__guib__Tragelaphus_scriptus antelope with white markings like a harness and twisted horns
subtype: #mountain_nyala__Tragelaphus_buxtoni shaggy antelope of mountains of Ethiopia
subtype: #nilgai__nylghai__blue_bull__Boselaphus_tragocamelus large Indian antelope; male is blue-grey with white markings; female is brownish with no horns
subtype: #sable_antelope__sableantelope__Hippotragus_niger large black east African antelope with sharp back-curving horns
subtype: #saiga__Saiga_tatarica goat-like antelope of central Eurasia having a stubby nose like a proboscis
subtype: #steenbok__steinbok__Raphicerus_campestris small plains antelope of southeastern Africa
subtype: #eland either of two large African antelopes of the genus Taurotragus having short spirally twisted horns in both sexes
subtype: #common_eland__Taurotragus_oryx dark fawn-colored eland of South and East Africa
subtype: #giant_eland__gianteland__Taurotragus_derbianus large dark striped eland of western equatorial Africa
subtype: #waterbuck any of several large African antelopes of the genus Kobus having curved ridged horns and frequenting e.g. swamps and rivers
subtype: #Kobus_kob__kob an orange-brown antelope of southeast Africa
subtype: #lechwe__Kobus_leche tawny-colored African antelope inhabiting wet grassy plains; a threatened species
subtype: #puku__Adenota_vardoni an African antelope closely related to the waterbuck
subtype: #oryx__pasang large African antelope with long straight nearly upright horns
subtype: #gemsbok__gemsbuck__Oryx_gazella large South African oryx with a broad black band along its flanks
subtype: #forest_goat__spindle_horn__spindlehorn__Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis cow-like creature with the glossy coat of a horse and the agility of a goat and the long horns of an antelope; characterized as a cow that lives the life of a goat
subtype: #pronghorn_antelope__pronghornantelope__pronghorn__prongbuck__American_antelope__Antilocapra_americana fleet antelope-like ruminant of western North American plains with small branched horns
subtype: #deer__cervid distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers
subtype: #pricket male deer in his second year
subtype: #fawn young deer
subtype: #red_deer__reddeer__cervuselaphu common deer of temperate Europe and Asia
subtype: #hart__stag male red deer
subtype: #hind female red deer
subtype: #brocket male red deer in its second year
subtype: #sambar__sambur__Cervus_unicolor South Asian deer with three-tined antlers
subtype: #wapiti__American_elk__Cervus_canadensis large North American deer with large much-branched antlers
subtype: #Japanese_deer__sika__Cervus_nipon__Cervus_sika small deer of Japan with slightly forked antlers
subtype: #Virginia_deer__white_tail__whitetail__white-tailed_deer__whitetail_deer__whitetaildeer__Odocoileus_Virginianus common North American deer; tail has a white underside
subtype: #mule_deer__burro_deer__burrodeer__Odocoileus_hemionus long-eared deer of western North America with two-pronged antlers
subtype: #black-tailed_deer__blacktail_deer__blacktaildeer__blacktail__odocoileushemionuscolumbianu mule deer of western Rocky Mountains
subtype: #European_elk__elk__Alces_alces large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called elk in Europe and moose in North America
subtype: #fallow_deer__Dama_dama small Eurasian deer
subtype: #roe_deer__roedeer__Capreolus_capreolus small graceful deer of Eurasian woodlands having small forked antlers
subtype: #roebuck male roe deer
subtype: #Greenland_caribou__caribou__reindeer__Rangifer_tarandus arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called reindeer in Eurasia and caribou in North America
subtype: #woodland_caribou__Rangifer_caribou any of several large caribou living in coniferous forests of southern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus
subtype: #barren_ground_caribou__Rangifer_arcticus of tundra of northern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus
subtype: #brocket.deer small South American deer with unbranched antlers
subtype: #muntjac__barking_deer__barkingdeer small Asian deer with small antlers and a cry like a bark
subtype: #musk_deer__Moschus_moschiferus small heavy-limbed upland deer of central Asia; male secretes valued musk
subtype: #pere_david's_deer__elaphure__Elaphurus_davidianus large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds
subtype: #chevrotain__mouse_deer__mousedeer very small hornless deer-like ruminant of tropical Asia and west Africa
subtype: #Tragulus_kanchil__kanchil small chevrotain of southeastern Asia
subtype: #napu__Tragulus_Javanicus chevrotain somewhat larger than the kanchil; found in India and Malaya
subtype: #water_chevrotain__waterchevrotain__water_deer__waterdeer__Hyemoschus_aquaticus largest chevrotain; of marshy areas of west Africa
subtype: #giraffe__camelopard__Giraffa_camelopardalis tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa
subtype: #okapi__Okapia_johnstoni similar to the giraffe but smaller with much shorter neck and stripe on the legs
subtype: #camel cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
subtype: #Arabian_camel__dromedary__Camelus_dromedarius one-humped camel of the hot deserts of North Africa and southwestern Asia
subtype: #Bactrian_camel__Camelus_bactrianus two-humped camel of the cold deserts of central Asia
subtype: #llama wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump
subtype: #domestic_llama__Lama_peruana used in the Andes as a beast of burden and source of wool; considered a domesticated variety of the guanaco
subtype: #guanaco__Lama_guanicoe wild llama
subtype: #Lama_pacos__alpaca domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco
subtype: #Vicugna_vicugna__vicuna small wild cud-chewing Andean animal similar to the guanaco but smaller; valued for its fleecy undercoat
subtype: #Unguiculata in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising mammals with nails or claws; distinguished from hoofed mammals and cetaceans
subtype: #unguiculate_mammal__unguiculatemammal__unguiculate a mammal having nails or claws
subtype: #hyrax__coney__cony__dassie__das__da any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes
subtype: #rock_hyrax__rock_rabbit__Procavia_capensis hyrax that lives in rocky areas
subtype: #pachyderm any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant; rhinoceros; hippopotamus
subtype: #edentate primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central and South America
subtype: #armadillo burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates
subtype: #peba__nine-banded_armadillo__Texas_armadillo__Dasypus_novemcinctus having nine hinged bands of bony plates; ranges from Texas to Paraguay
subtype: #apar__three-banded_armadillo__Tolypeutes_tricinctus South American armadillo with three bands of bony plates
subtype: #tatouay__cabassous__cabassou__Cabassous_unicinctus naked-tailed armadillo of tropical South America
subtype: #peludo__poyou__Euphractus_sexcinctus Argentine armadillo with six movable bands and hairy underparts
subtype: #giant_armadillo__giantarmadillo__tatou__tatu__Priodontes_giganteus about three feet long exclusive of tail
subtype: #pichiciago__pichiciego__fairy_armadillo__fairyarmadillo__chlamyphore__Chlamyphorus_truncatus very small Argentine armadillo with pale silky hair and pink plates on head and neck
subtype: #greater_pichiciego__greaterpichiciego__Burmeisteria_retusa of southern South America
subtype: #tree_sloth__sloth any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits
subtype: #three-toed_sloth__ai__Bradypus_tridactylus a sloth that has three long claws on each forefoot
subtype: #Choloepus_didactylus__two-toed_sloth__unau relatively small fast-moving sloth
subtype: #two-toed_sloth__unau__Choloepus_hoffmanni relatively small fast-moving sloth
subtype: #megatherian_mammal__megatherianmammal__megatherian__megatheriid a large extinct ground sloth
subtype: #ground_sloth__megathere gigantic extinct terrestrial sloth-like mammal of the Pliocene and Pleistocene in America
subtype: #mylodontid a variety of extinct edentate
subtype: #mapinguari supposed human-sized sloth-like creature reported sighted by Indians in the Amazon rain forest
subtype: #mylodon large (bear-sized) extinct edentate mammal of the Pleistocene in South America
subtype: #New_World_anteater__anteater any of several tropical American mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae which lack teeth and feed on ants and termites
subtype: #ant_bear__antbear__giantanteater__great_anteater__greatanteater__tamanoir__Myrmecophaga_jubata large shaggy-haired toothless anteater with long tongue and powerful claws; of South America
subtype: #silky_anteater__silkyanteater__two-toed_anteater__Cyclopes_didactylus squirrel-sized South American toothless anteater with long silky golden fur
subtype: #tamandua__tamandu__lesser_anteater__Tamandua_tetradactyla small toothless anteater with prehensile tale and four-clawed forelimbs; of tropical South and Central America
subtype: #pangolin__scaly_anteater__scalyanteater__anteater toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites
subtype: #primate any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet
subtype: #simian an ape or monkey
subtype: #ape any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all
subtype: #anthropoid_ape any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae
subtype: #great_ape__greatape__pongid any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae
subtype: #orangutan__orang__orangutang__Pongo_pygmaeus large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits
subtype: #Gorilla_gorilla__gorilla largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa
subtype: #western_lowland_gorilla__westernlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla a kind of gorilla
subtype: #eastern_lowland_gorilla__easternlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_grauri a kind of gorilla
subtype: #mountain_gorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_beringei gorilla of Kivu highlands
subtype: #silverback an adult male gorilla with gray hairs across the back
subtype: #chimpanzee__chimp__Pan_troglodytes intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests
subtype: #western_chimpanzee__westernchimpanzee__Pan_troglodytes_verus masked or pale-faced chimpanzees of western Africa; distantly related to the eastern and central chimpanzees; possibly a distinct species
subtype: #eastern_chimpanzee__easternchimpanzee__Pan_troglodytes_schweinfurthii long-haired chimpanzees of east-central Africa; closely related to the central chimpanzees
subtype: #central_chimpanzee__centralchimpanzee__pantroglodytestroglodyte black-faced chimpanzees of central Africa; closely related to eastern chimpanzees
subtype: #pygmy_chimpanzee__pygmychimpanzee__bonobo__Pan_paniscus small chimpanzee of swamp forests in Zaire; a threatened species
subtype: #lesser_ape gibbons and siamangs
subtype: #gibbon__Hylobates_lar smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies
subtype: #siamang__Hylobates_syndactylus__Symphalangus_syndactylus large black gibbon of Sumatra having the 2nd and 3rd toes partially united by a web
subtype: #anthropoid any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids
subtype: #hominoid a primate of the superfamily Hominoidea
subtype: #proconsul an anthropoid ape of the genus Proconsul
subtype: #Aegyptopithecus extinct primate of about 38 million years ago; fossils found in Egypt
subtype: #Algeripithecus_minutus tiny (150 to 300 grams) extinct primate of 46 to 50 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid
subtype: #hominid a primate of the family Hominidae
subtype: #human__man__homo__human_being__humanbeing any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae
subtype: #person__individual__someone__somebody__mortal__human__human_being__humanbeing__soul a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"
subtype: #self a person considered as a unique individual; "one's own self"
subtype: #number_one (informal) a reference to yourself or myself etc.; "take care of number one" means to put your own interests first
subtype: #grownup__adult a fully developed person from maturity onward
subtype: #caregiver a person who is responsible for attending to the needs of a child or dependent adult
subtype: #catch.grownup__match a person regarded as a good matrimonial prospect
subtype: #centrist__middle_of_the_roader__moderate__moderationist a person who takes a position in the political center
subtype: #eccentric__character__type__case a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities); "a strange character"; "a friendly eccentric"; "the capable type"; "a mental case"
subtype: #conservative__conservativist a person who has conservative ideas or opinions
subtype: #rugged_individualist__capitalist an advocate of capitalism
subtype: #conformist someone who conforms to established standards of conduct (especially in religious matters)
subtype: #hardliner someone who is uncompromising
subtype: #minimalist.conservative a conservative who advocates only minor reforms in government or politics
subtype: #reactionary__ultraconservative__extreme_right-winger__extremerightwinger an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism
subtype: #Bourbon a reactionary politician in the United States (usually from the South)
subtype: #Blimp__Colonel_Blimp (British) any elderly pompous reactionary ultranationalistic person (after the cartoon character created by Sir David Low)
subtype: #rightist__right-winger__rightwinger a member of a right wing political party
subtype: #fascist an adherent of fascism or other right-wing authoritarian views
subtype: #Blackshirt a member of the Italian fascist party before World War II
subtype: #Nazi a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party
subtype: #Brownshirt a member of the German Nazi SA which wore brown uniforms
subtype: #storm_trooper__stormtrooper a member of the Nazi S.A.
instance: #Karl_Adolf_Eichmann__Eichmann__Adolf_Eichmann #Paul_Joseph_Goebbels__Goebbels__Joseph_Goebbels #Hermann_Wilhelm_Goring__Goring__Goering__Hermann_Goring__Hermann_Goering__Hermann_Wilhaelm_Goering #Walther_Richard_Rudolf_Hess__Hess__Rudolf_Hess #Heinrich_Himmler__Himmler #Adolf_Hitler__Hitler__Der_Fuhrer
subtype: #monarchist__royalist an advocate of the principles of monarchy
subtype: #Cavalier a royalist supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War
subtype: #Orleanist a supporter of the Orleans branch of the French Bourbons that was descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV
subtype: #Tory.rightist__tory a supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of reform; a political conservative
subtype: #square_toes__square (informal) a formal and conservative person with old-fashioned views
subtype: #traditionalist__diehard one who adheres to traditional views
subtype: #Rip_van_Winkle.traditionalist__ripvanwinkle a person oblivious to social changes
subtype: #elder.grownup__senior a person who is older than you are
subtype: #doyen__dean a man who is the senior member of a group; "he is the dean of foreign correspondents"
subtype: #doyenne a woman who is the senior member of a group
subtype: #ex-spouse a person who was formerly a spouse
subtype: #host a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there
subtype: #hostess.host a woman host
subtype: #important_person__importantperson__influential_person__influentialperson__personage a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events
subtype: #big_shot__bigshot__big_wheel__bigwheel__head_honcho (informal) an important influential person
subtype: #famous_person__celebrity a widely known person; "he was a baseball celebrity"
subtype: #immortal a person (such as an author) of enduring fame; "Shakespeare is one of the immortals"
subtype: #social_lion__lion a celebrity who is lionized (much sought after)
subtype: #luminary__leading_light__leadinglight__guiding_light__guidinglight__notable__notability a celebrity who is an inspiration to others; "he was host to a large gathering of luminaries"
subtype: #personality.famous_person a person of considerable prominence; "she is a Hollywood personality"
subtype: #colossus__behemoth__giant__heavyweight__titan a person of exceptional importance and reputation
subtype: #elder_statesman.important_person__elderstatesman any influential person whose advice is highly respected
subtype: #Excellency a title used to address dignitaries (such as ambassadors or governors); usually preceded by Your or His or Her: "Your Excellency"
subtype: #fixer__influence_peddler__influencepeddler someone who intervenes with authorities for a person in trouble (usually using underhand or illegal methods for a fee)
subtype: #heavy_hitter__heavyhitter an influential person who works hard to promote the causes they are interested in
subtype: #high-muck-a-muck__pooh-bah an arrogant or conceited person of importance
subtype: #kingpin__top_banana__topbanana__bigwig the most important person in a group or undertaking
subtype: #magnificio a person of distinguished rank or appearance
subtype: #public_figure__name__figure a well-known or notable person; "they studied all the great names in the history of France"; "she is an important figure in modern music"
subtype: #policy_maker someone who sets the plan pursued by a government or business etc.; "policy makers often make the right decision for the wrong reason"
subtype: #power_broker__powerbroker a person who is important by virtue of the people or votes they control; "a power broker who does you a favor will expect you to return it"
subtype: #sacred_cow a person unreasonably held to be immune to criticism
subtype: #sirdar an important person in India
subtype: #socialite a socially prominent person
subtype: #sun.important_person a person considered as a source of warmth or energy or glory etc
subtype: #VIP__very_important_person__high-up__dignitary__panjandrum__high_muckamuck an important or influential (and often overbearing) person
subtype: #worthy word is often used humorously
subtype: #Jack_of_all_trades a person able to do a variety of different jobs acceptably well
subtype: #progressive__liberal a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties
subtype: #latitudinarian a person who is broad-minded and tolerant (especially in standards of religious belief and conduct)
subtype: #neoliberal a liberal who subscribes to neoliberalism
subtype: #pluralist someone who believes that distinct ethnic or cultural or religious groups can exist together in society
subtype: #Whig urged social reform in 19th century England
subtype: #liberal a person who favors an economic theory of laissez-faire and self-regulating markets
subtype: #militarist__warmonger a person who advocates war or warlike policies
subtype: #war_hawk__warhawk__hawk an advocate of an aggressive policy on foreign relations
subtype: #oldster__old_person__oldperson__senior_citizen an elderly person
subtype: #antediluvian a very old (or old fashioned) person
subtype: #centenarian someone who is at least 100 years old
subtype: #curmudgeon a crusty irascible cantankerous old person full of stubborn ideas
subtype: #dodderer one who dodders from old age and weakness
subtype: #dodo__fogy__fogey__fossil (informal) someone whose style is out of fashion
subtype: #dotard an oldster in his dotage; someone whose age has impaired his intellect
subtype: #has-been__hasbeen__back-number someone who is no longer popular
subtype: #nonagenarian someone whose age is in the nineties
subtype: #octogenarian someone whose age is in the eighties
subtype: #old_boy__oldboy a vivacious elderly man
subtype: #greybeard__old_man__graybeard__Methuselah a man who is very old
subtype: #old_woman__oldwoman a woman who is old
subtype: #septuagenarian someone whose age is in the seventies
subtype: #sexagenarian someone whose age is in the sixties
subtype: #pacifist__pacificist__disarmer someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes
subtype: #peacenik__dove someone who prefers negotiations to armed conflict in the conduct of foreign relations
subtype: #patrician a person of refined upbringing and manners
subtype: #pledger someone who makes or gives a pledge
subtype: #professional_person__professional a person engaged in one of the learned professions
subtype: #careerist a professional who follows a career
subtype: #career_girl a woman who follows a professional career
subtype: #career_man a man who follows a professional career
subtype: #craftsman a professional whose work is consistently of high quality; "as an actor he was a consummate craftsman"
subtype: #critic a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art
subtype: #art_critic__artcritic a critic of paintings
instance: #Roger_Eliot_Fry__Fry__Roger_Fry #John_Ruskin__Ruskin
subtype: #literary_critic a critic of literature
instance: #Matthew_Arnold__Arnold #Van_Wyck_Brooks__Brooks #John_Anthony_Ciardi__Ciardi__John_Ciardi #Jacques_Derrida__Derrida__derrida #Herman_Northrop_Frye__Frye__Northrop_Frye #William_Hazlitt__Hazlitt #Henry_Louis_Mencken__Mencken__H._L._Mencken #Ivor_Armstrong_Richards__Richards__I._A._Richards #Sir_Stephen_Harold_Spender__Spender__Stephen_Spender #Lionel_Trilling__Trilling #Carl_Clinton_Van_Doren__Van_Doren__Carl_Van_Doren #Edmund_Wilson__Wilson
subtype: #newspaper_critic__newspapercritic a critic who writes a column for the newspapers
instance: #Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker #John_Orley_Allen_Tate__Tate__Allen_Tate
subtype: #educator__pedagogue someone who educates
subtype: #academic__academician__faculty_member__facultymember an educator who works at a college or university
subtype: #professor someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university
subtype: #assistant_professor__assistantprofessor a teacher or lower rank than an associate professor
subtype: #associate_professor__associateprofessor a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor
subtype: #full_professor a professor of the highest rank
subtype: #Regius_professor holder of a British professorship created by a royal patron
subtype: #visiting_professor a professor visiting another college or university to teach for a limited time
subtype: #lector__lecturer__reader a public lecturer at certain universities
subtype: #school_principal__principal__head_teacher__head the educator who has executive authority for a school; "she sent unruly pupils to see the principal"
subtype: #chancellor (British) the honorary or titular head of a university
subtype: #headmaster__schoolmaster__master presiding officer of a school
subtype: #housemaster teacher in charge of a school boardinghouse
subtype: #headmistress a woman headmaster
subtype: #schoolmaster any person (or institution) who acts as an educator
subtype: #instructor__teacher a person whose occupation is teaching
subtype: #art_teacher__artteacher someone who teaches art
subtype: #private_instructor__privateinstructor__coach__tutor a person who gives private instruction (as in singing or acting)
subtype: #crammer.private_instructor a teacher who is paid to cram students for examinations
subtype: #demonstrator a teacher or teacher's assistant who demonstrates the principles that are being taught
subtype: #English_teacher__englishteacher__English_professor someone who teaches English
subtype: #French_teacher someone who teaches French
subtype: #governess__governes a woman entrusted with the care and supervision of a child (especially in a private home)
subtype: #instructress a woman instructor
subtype: #math_teacher__mathematics_teacher__mathematicsteacher someone who teaches mathematics
subtype: #geometry_teacher someone who teaches geometry
subtype: #missionary someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program
instance: #David_Livingstone__Livingstone #Marcus_Whitman__Whitman #Saint_Francis_Xavier__Xavier
subtype: #music_teacher__musicteacher someone who teaches music
subtype: #piano_teacher__pianoteacher someone who teaches students to play the piano
subtype: #preceptor__don (British) teacher at a university of college (especially at Cambridge or Oxford)
subtype: #reading_teacher__readingteacher someone who teaches students to read
subtype: #riding_master someone who teaches horsemanship
subtype: #schoolteacher__school_teacher a teacher in a school below the college level
subtype: #games-master__gamesmaster__games-mistress the teacher in charge of games at a school
subtype: #schoolmarm__schoolmistress__mistress a woman schoolteacher
instance: #John_Thomas_Scopes__Scopes__John_Scopes
subtype: #science_teacher__scienceteacher someone who teaches science
subtype: #section_man__sectionman someone who teaches a section of a large college course
subtype: #catechist one who instructs catechumens in preparation for baptism
subtype: #teaching_fellow a graduate student with teaching responsibilities
instance: #Mary_McLeod_Bethune__Bethune #Louis_Braille__Braille #Dale_Carnegie__Carnegie #John_Amos_Comenius__Comenius__Jan_Amos_Komensky #John_Dewey__Dewey #Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Froebel__Froebel__Friedrich_Froebel #Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet__Gallaudet #Mark_Hopkins__Hopkins #Robert_Maynard_Hutchins__Hutchins #Lucy_Craft_Laney__Laney #Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell__Lowell #Horace_Mann__Mann #William_Holmes_McGuffey__McGuffey #Montessori__Maria_Montesorri #James_Naismith__Naismith #Carl_Orff__Orff #Elizabeth_Palmer_Peabody__Peabody__peabody__elizabethpeabody #Sir_Isaac_Pitman__Pitman #Anne_Mansfield_Sullivan__Sullivan__Anne_Sullivan #Booker_Taliaferro_Washington__Washington__Booker_T._Washington #Andrew_Dickson_White__White__Andrew_D._White #Emma_Hart_Willard__Willard #John_Witherspoon__Witherspoon
subtype: #health_professional__health_care_provider__caregiver a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability
subtype: #bonesetter someone (not necessarily a licensed physician) who sets broken bones
subtype: #electrologist someone skilled in the use of electricity to remove moles or warts or hair roots
subtype: #medical_assistant__medicalassistant a person trained to assist medical professionals
subtype: #medical_practitioner__medicalpractitioner__medical_man__medicalman someone who practices medicine
subtype: #dentist__tooth_doctor__toothdoctor__dental_practitioner a person qualified to practice dentistry
subtype: #dental_surgeon a dentist qualified to perform surgical procedures
subtype: #endodontist a dentist specializing in diseases of the dental pulp and nerve
subtype: #exodontist a dentist specializing in the extraction of teeth
subtype: #orthodontist a dentist specializing in the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth
subtype: #pedodontist a dentist who specializes in the care of children's teeth
subtype: #periodontist a dentist specializing in diseases of the gums and other structure surrounding the teeth
subtype: #prosthodontist a dentist who is expert in prosthodontics
subtype: #doc__physician__MD__Dr.__medico a licensed medical practitioner; "I felt so bad I went to see my doctor"
subtype: #abortionist a person (who should be a doctor) who terminates pregnancies
subtype: #allergist a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies
subtype: #angiologist a physician who specializes in angiology
subtype: #medical_extern__medicalextern__extern a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there
subtype: #gastroenterologist a physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: #general_practitioner__generalpractitioner__GP a physician who is not a specialist but treats all illnesses
subtype: #country_doctor__countrydoctor a doctor who practices in the country (rather than in a city) usually remote from a modern hospital; "do country doctors still make house calls?"
subtype: #family_doctor a general practitioner who treats all the family members
subtype: #house_physician__housephysician__resident__resident_physician a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital
subtype: #medical_intern__medicalintern__intern__interne__houseman an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman' is a British term)
subtype: #quack an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice
subtype: #medical_specialist__medicalspecialist__specialist practices one branch of medicine
subtype: #anesthesiologist__anesthetist__anaesthetist a specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated
subtype: #baby_doctor__pediatrician__pediatrist__paediatrician a specialist in the care of babies
instance: #Harold_Hirschsprung__Hirschsprung #Benjamin_Spock__Spock
subtype: #cardiologist__heart_specialist__heartspecialist__heart_surgeon__heartsurgeon a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart
subtype: #chiropodist__foot_doctor__podiatrist a specialist in care for the feet
subtype: #dermatologist__skin_doctor a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin
subtype: #diagnostician__pathologist a doctor who specializes in medical diagnosis
subtype: #etiologist__aetiologist a specialist in the etiology of diseases
instance: #Sir_Howard_Walter_Florey__Florey__Howard_Florey #Karl_Landsteiner__Landsteiner #Sir_James_Paget__Paget #Francis_Peyton_Rous__Rous__Peyton_Rous #Rudolf_Karl_Virchow__Virchow__Rudolf_Virchow
subtype: #diplomate medical specialist whose competence has been certified by a diploma granted by an appropriate professional group
subtype: #ear_doctor__eardoctor__ear_specialist__earspecialist__otologist a physician who specializes in the ear and its diseases
instance: #Prosper_Meniere__Meniere
subtype: #endocrinologist physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system
instance: #Henry_Hubert_Turner__Turner
subtype: #ENT_man__ear-nose-and-throat_doctor__otolaryngologist__otorhinolaryngologist__rhinolaryngologist a specialist in the disorders of the ear or nose or throat
subtype: #gerontologist__geriatrician a specialist in gerontology
subtype: #gynecologist__gynaecologist__woman's_doctor__woman'sdoctor a specialist in gynecology
subtype: #hematologist__haematologist a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
subtype: #internist a specialist in internal medicine
subtype: #neurologist__brain_doctor__braindoctor a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it
instance: #Jean_Martin_Charcot__Charcot__charcot #Harvery_Williams_Cushing__Cushing__Harvey_Cushing #Sigmund_Freud__Freud #Baron_Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing__Krafft-Ebing__Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing #Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette__Tourette__Gilles_de_la_Tourette #Karl_Wernicke__Wernicke
subtype: #obstetrician__accoucheur a physician specializing in obstetrics
subtype: #perinatologist an obstetrician specializing in perinatology
subtype: #oncologist a specialist in oncology
subtype: #ophthalmologist__eye_doctor__eyedoctor__oculist a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye
instance: #Hermann_Snellen__Snellen
subtype: #orthopedist__orthopaedist a specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children)
subtype: #orthoptist a specialist in orthoptics
subtype: #proctologist a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus
subtype: #psychiatrist__head-shrinker__shrink a physician who specializes in psychiatry
subtype: #alienist a psychiatrist and specialist in the legal aspects of mental illness
subtype: #psychoanalyst__analyst a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis
instance: #Sigmund_Freud__Freud #Melanie_Klein__Klein
instance: #Karl_Theodor_Jaspers__Jaspers__Karl_Jaspers #Charles_Frederick_Menninger__Menninger__Charles_Menninger #Karl_Augustus_Menninger__Menninger__Karl_Menninger #William_Claire_Menninger__Menninger__William_Menninger #Harry_Stack_Sullivan__Sullivan
subtype: #radiographer a person who makes radiographs
subtype: #radiologist a medical specialist who uses radioactive substances and X-rays in the treatment of disease
subtype: #rheumatologist a physician specializing in rheumatic diseases
subtype: #urologist a specialist in urology
subtype: #operating_surgeon__operatingsurgeon__surgeon__sawbones a physician who specializes in surgery
subtype: #amputator a surgeon who remove part or all of a limb
subtype: #cosmetic_surgeon__plastic_surgeon__plasticsurgeon a surgeon who beautifies the body (especially the face)
subtype: #neurosurgeon__brain_surgeon__brainsurgeon someone who does surgery on the nervous system (especially the brain)
instance: #Alexis_Carrel__Carrel #Michael_Ellis_De_Bakey__De_Bakey #William_Crawford_Gorgas__Gorgas #Joseph_Lister__Lister__Baron_Lister #James_Parkinson__Parkinson #Walter_Reed__Reed
subtype: #veterinarian__veterinary__veterinary_surgeon__vet a doctor who practices veterinary medicine
subtype: #horse_doctor__horsedoctor a veterinarian who treats horses
instance: #Robert_Barany__Barany #Sir_David_Bruce__Bruce__David_Bruce #Burrill_Bernard_Crohn__Crohn #John_L._H._Down__Down #Christiaan_Eijkman__Eijkman #Etienne-Louis_Arthur_Fallot__etiennelouisarthurfallot__Fallot #William_Gilbert__Gilbert #William_Harvey__Harvey #Thomas_Hodgkin__Hodgkin #Aletta_Jacobs__Jacobs #Edward_Jenner__Jenner #Harry_F._Klinefelter__Klinefelter__Harry_Fitch_Kleinfelter #Clemence_Sophia_Harned_Lozier__Lozier #Sir_Patrick_Manson__Manson #Friedrich_Anton_Mesmer__Mesmer__Franz_Anton_Mesmer #Philippus_Aureolus_Paracelsus__Paracelsus__Theophrastus_Philippus_Aureolus_Bombastus_von_Hohenheim #Peter_Mark_Roget__Roget #Sir_Ronald_Ross__Ross #Benjamin_Rush__Rush #Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer #Anna_Howard_Shaw__Shaw #Sir_James_Young_Simpson__Simpson #Thomas_Sydenham__Sydenham__The_English_Hippocrates #Erik_Adolf_von_Willebrand__Willebrand__von_Willebrand__E._A._von_Willebrand
subtype: #inoculator__vaccinator a medical practitioner who inoculates people against diseases
subtype: #medical_officer__medicalofficer__medic a medical practitioner in the armed forces
subtype: #flight_surgeon a medical officer specializing in aviation medicine
subtype: #surgeon_general the senior medical officer in an army or navy
instance: #Hippocrates
subtype: #nurse one skilled in caring for the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)
subtype: #graduate_nurse__trained_nurse__trainednurse someone who has completed the course of study (including hospital practice) at a nurses training school
subtype: #licensed_practical_nurse__LPN__practical_nurse__practicalnurse a nurse who has enough training to be licensed by a state to provide routine care for the sick
subtype: #head_nurse__matron a woman in charge of nursing in a medical institution
subtype: #midwife__accoucheuse a woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies
subtype: #probationer__student_nurse__studentnurse a nurse in training who is undergoing a trial period
subtype: #registered_nurse__RN a graduate nurse who has passed examinations for registration
subtype: #nurse-midwife__nursemidwife a registered nurse who has received special training as a midwife
subtype: #nurse_practitioner__nursepractitioner__NP__nurse_clinician__nurseclinician a registered nurse who has received special training and can perform many of the duties of a physician
subtype: #scrub_nurse__scrubnurse a nurse who helps a surgeon prepare for surgery
subtype: #visiting_nurse a nurse who is paid to visit the sick in their homes
instance: #Edith_Louisa_Cavell__Cavell__Edith_Cavell #Florence_Nightingale__Nightingale__the_Lady_with_the_Lamp #Margaret_Higgins_Sanger__Sanger__Margaret_Sanger
subtype: #pharmacist__druggist__chemist__pill_pusher__pill_roller a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs
subtype: #pharmacologist__pharmaceutical_chemist someone trained in the science of drugs (their composition and uses and effects)
instance: #Otto_Loewi__Loewi
subtype: #lawyer__attorney a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice
subtype: #advocate__counsel__counselor__counsellor__counselor-at-law__pleader a lawyer who pleads cases in court
subtype: #ambulance_chaser__ambulancechaser a lawyer who incites accident victims to sue
subtype: #barrister a British lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law
subtype: #Counsel_to_the_Crown a barrister selected to serve as counsel to the British ruler
subtype: #King's_Counsel Counsel to the Crown when the British monarch is a king
subtype: #Queen's_Counsel Counsel to the Crown when the British monarch is a queen
subtype: #serjeant-at-law__serjeant__sergeant-at-law__sergeant an English barrister of the highest rank
subtype: #conveyancer a lawyer who specializes in the business of conveying properties
subtype: #defense_attorney__defenseattorney__defenselawyer the lawyer representing the defendant
subtype: #divorce_lawyer__divorcelawyer a lawyer specializing in actions for divorce or annulment
subtype: #prosecutor__prosecuting_officer__prosecutingofficer__prosecuting_attorney__prosecutingattorney a lawyer who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state
subtype: #district_attorney__DA an official prosecutor for a judicial district
subtype: #state's_attorney__state'sattorney__state_attorney__stateattorney a prosecuting attorney for a state
subtype: #public_defender a lawyer who represents indigent defendants at public expense
subtype: #solicitor a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents
subtype: #law_agent__lawagent a solicitor holding a certificate from the Law Society of Scotland
subtype: #trial_attorney__trialattorney__trial_lawyer__triallawyer a lawyer who specializes in defending clients before a court of law
instance: #William_Jennings_Bryan__Bryan__the_Great_Commoner__The_Boy_Orator_of_the_Platte #Clarence_Seward_Darrow__Darrow__Clarence_Darrow #Arthur_Garfield_Hays__Hays #William_Harrison_Hays__Hays__Will_Hays #John_Edgar_Hoover__Hoover__J._Edgar_Hoover #Francis_Scott_Key__Key #President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln
subtype: #librarian__bibliothec a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services
subtype: #cataloger__cataloguer a librarian who classifies publication according to a categorial system
subtype: #practitioner__practician someone who practices a learned profession
subtype: #clinician a practitioner (of medicine or psychology) who does clinical work instead of laboratory experiments
subtype: #homeopath__homoeopath a practitioner of homeopathy
subtype: #publisher a person engaged in publishing periodicals or books or music
instance: #Karl_Baedeker__Baedeker #Henry_Oscar_Houghton__Houghton #Henry_Robinson_Luce__Luce__Henry_Luce #Keith_Rupert_Murdoch__Murdoch__Rupert_Murdoch #Adolph_Simon_Ochs__Ochs
subtype: #yuppie a young upwardly mobile professional person; someone under 40 who prospered during the 1980s
subtype: #sobersides a serious and sedate individual
subtype: #sophisticate__man_of_the_world a worldly-wise person
subtype: #city_slicker__city_boy a city dweller with sophisticated manners
subtype: #cosmopolitan__cosmopolite a sophisticated person who has travelled in many countries
subtype: #globetrotter__world_traveler__worldtraveler someone who travels widely and often
subtype: #stay-at-home__homebody a person who seldom goes anywhere; one not given to wandering or travel
subtype: #stoic__unemotional_person__unemotionalperson someone who is seemingly indifferent to emotions
subtype: #thoroughbred a well-bred person
subtype: #adventurer__venturer a person who enjoys taking risks
subtype: #argonaut someone engaged in a dangerous but potentially rewarding adventure
subtype: #adventuress a woman adventurer
subtype: #cowboy someone who is reckless or irresponsible (especially in driving vehicles)
subtype: #daredevil__madcap__hothead__swashbuckler__lunatic__harum-scarum__harumscarum a reckless impetuous irresponsible person
subtype: #tearaway (British) a reckless and impetuous person
subtype: #risk_taker__gambler someone who risks loss or injury in the hope of gain or excitement
subtype: #hotspur a rash or impetuous person
subtype: #mercenary__soldieroffortune a person hired to fight for another country than their own
subtype: #mountaineer__mountain_climber someone who climbs mountains
subtype: #alpinist a mountain climber who specializes in difficult climbs
instance: #Sir_Edmund_Percival_Hillary__Hillary__Edmund_Hillary__Sir_Edmund_Hillary #Tenzing_Norgay
subtype: #parachutist__parachuter a person who jumps from aircraft using a parachute
subtype: #plunger__speculator someone who risks losses for the possibility of considerable gains
subtype: #hedger.plunger someone who counterbalances one transaction (as a bet) against another in order to protect against loss
subtype: #operator.plunger a speculator who trades aggressively on stock or commodity markets
subtype: #scalper someone who buys something and resells it at a price far above the initial cost; "he got theater tickets through a scalper"
subtype: #ticket_tout__tout (British) someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit
subtype: #venture_capitalist__venturecapitalist a speculator who makes money available for innovative projects (especially in high technology)
instance: #Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova_de_Seingalt__Casanova__Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova__Casanova_de_Seingalt
subtype: #unusual_person__unusualperson__anomaly a person who is unusual
subtype: #anachronism.unusual_person a person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to another age
subtype: #aberrant one whose behavior departs substantially from the norm of a group
subtype: #albino a person with albinism: white hair and pink eyes and milky skin
subtype: #automaton__zombi__zombie someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way; "only an automaton wouldn't have noticed"
subtype: #eccentric_person__eccentricperson__oddball a person with an unusual or odd personality
subtype: #crackpot__crank__nut__nutcase__fruitcake__screwball a whimsically eccentric person
subtype: #goliath__giant__behemoth__monster__colossus someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
subtype: #Jekyll_and_Hyde__jekyllandhyde someone with two personalities - one good and one evil
subtype: #kook__odd_fellow__oddfellow__odd_fish__oddfish__queer_bird__queerbird__queer_duck__queerduck__odd_man_out__oddmanout someone regarded as eccentric or crazy and standing out from a group
subtype: #misfit someone unable to adapt to their circumstances
subtype: #anthropoid.misfit__ape person who resembles a non-human primate
subtype: #dork__jerk a dull stupid fatuous person
subtype: #addle-head__addlehead__loon__birdbrain a person with confused ideas; incapable of serious thought
subtype: #rare_bird__rara_avis a rare or unique person
subtype: #transsexual.unusual_person a person who has undergone a sex change operation
subtype: #ugly_duckling an ugly or unpromising child who grows into a beautiful or worthy person
subtype: #applicant__applier a person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admission
subtype: #aspirant__aspirer__wannabe an ambitious and aspiring young person; "a lofty aspirant"; "two executive hopefuls joined the firm"; "the audience was full of Madonna wannabes"
subtype: #bidder someone who makes an offer
subtype: #claimant someone who claims a benefit or right or title; "claimants of unemployment compensation"; "he was a claimant to the throne"
subtype: #Pretender a claimant to the throne or to the office of ruler (usually without just title)
subtype: #job_candidate__jobcandidate an applicant who is being considered for a job
subtype: #material.applicant a person judged suitable for admission or employment; "he was university material"; "she was vice-presidential material"
subtype: #petitioner__suppliant__supplicant one praying humbly for something: "a suppliant for her favors"
subtype: #besieger.petitioner an energetic petitioner
subtype: #postulant one submitting a request or application especially one seeking admission into a religious order
subtype: #solicitor.petitioner a petitioner who seeks contributions or trade
subtype: #possible.applicant an applicant who might be suitable
subtype: #probable an applicant likely to be chosen
subtype: #submitter someone who submits something (as an application for a job or a manuscript for publication etc.) for the judgment of others; "he was a prolific submitter of proposals"
subtype: #appointee.person__appointment a person who is appointed to a job or position
subtype: #bad_person__badperson a person who does harm to others
subtype: #wrongdoer__offender a person who transgresses moral or civil law
subtype: #abuser__maltreater someone who abuses
subtype: #attacker__aggressor__assailant__assaulter someone who attacks
subtype: #ambusher an attacker who waits in a concealed position to launch a surprise attack
subtype: #avenger__retaliator someone who takes vengeance
subtype: #beast__wolf__savage__brute__wildcat a cruelly rapacious person
subtype: #bully__tough__hooligan__ruffian__roughneck__rowdy__yob__yobo__yobbo a cruel and brutal fellow
subtype: #bullyboy a swaggering tough; usually one acting as an agent of a political faction
subtype: #muscleman a bully employed by a gangster
subtype: #skinhead a young person who belongs to a British or American group that shave their heads and gather at rock concerts or engage in white supremacist demonstrations
subtype: #tough_guy__toughguy__plug-ugly someone who bullies weaker people
subtype: #Ted__Teddy_boy (Brit) a tough youth of 1950's and 1960's wearing Edwardian style clothes
subtype: #harasser__harrier a persistent attacker; "the harassers were not members of the regular army"
subtype: #marauder__predator__vulture someone who attacks in search of booty
subtype: #night_rider__nightrider__nightrider member of a secret mounted band in United States south after the Civil War; committed acts of intimidation and revenge
subtype: #raper__rapist someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse
subtype: #shedder__spiller an attacker who sheds or spills blood; "a great hunter and spiller of blood"
subtype: #stabber someone who stabs another person
subtype: #stoner__lapidator an attacker who pelts the victim with stones (especially with intent to kill)
subtype: #convict a person convicted of a criminal offence
subtype: #first_offender__firstoffender someone convicted for the first time
subtype: #criminal__felon__crook__outlaw__malefactor someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime
subtype: #accessory__accessary someone who helps another person commit a crime
subtype: #abettor__abetter one who helps or encourages or incites another
subtype: #accessory_after_the_fact__accessoryafterthefact a person who gives assistance or comfort to someone known to be a felon or known to be sought in connection with the commission of a felony
subtype: #accessory_before_the_fact a person who procures or advises or commands the commission of a felony but who is not present at its perpetration
subtype: #accessory_during_the_fact a person who witnesses a crime but does not try to prevent it
subtype: #confederate__collaborator__henchman__partner_in_crime someone who assists in a plot
subtype: #arsonist__incendiary__firebug a criminal who illegally sets fire to property
subtype: #barnburner someone who burns down a barn
subtype: #blackmailer__extortioner__extortionist a criminal who extorts money from someone by threatening to expose embarrassing information about them
subtype: #bootlegger__moonshiner someone who makes or sells illegal liquor
subtype: #briber__suborner someone who pays (or otherwise incites) you to commit a wrongful act
subtype: #conspirator__plotter a member of a conspiracy
instance: #Guy_Fawkes__Fawkes #Titus_Oates__Oates
subtype: #desperado__desperate_criminal__desperatecriminal a bold outlaw (especially on the American frontier)
subtype: #fugitive_from_justice__fugitive someone who is sought by law officers; someone trying to elude justice
subtype: #absconder someone who runs away and hides to avoid arrest or prosecution
subtype: #escapee someone who escapes
subtype: #gangster__mobster a criminal who is a member of gang
subtype: #apache a Parisian gangster
subtype: #yardie member of an international gang of Jamaican criminals who sell drugs and violence; "A much publicized raid on a yardie stronghold had first been simulated at Riot City"
instance: #Alphonse_Capone__Capone__Al_Capone__Scarface
subtype: #highbinder a corrupt politician
subtype: #highjacker__hijacker someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination
subtype: #hoodlum__hood__goon__punk__thug__tough__toughie__strong-armer an aggressive and violent young criminal
subtype: #kidnapper__abductor__snatcher someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom)
subtype: #crimper someone who tricks or coerces men into service as sailors or soldiers
subtype: #shanghaier__seizer a kidnapper who drugs men and takes them for compulsory service aboard a ship
subtype: #gangster's_moll__moll__gun_moll__gunmoll the girl friend of a gangster
subtype: #murderer__liquidator__manslayer a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)
subtype: #assassin__assassinator__bravo a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a treacherous surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed; "his assassins were hunted down like animals"; "assassinators of kings and emperors"
instance: #John_Wilkes_Booth__Booth #Lee_Harvey_Oswald__Oswald
subtype: #butcher a brutal indiscriminate murderer
subtype: #cutthroat someone who murders by cutting the victim's throat
subtype: #fratricide.murderer a person who murders their brother or sister
subtype: #gunslinger__gunman__hired_gun__hiredgun__gun__triggerman__hit_man__hitman__torpedo__shooter a professional killer who uses a gun
subtype: #hatchet_man__hatchetman__iceman a professional killer
subtype: #infanticide.murderer a person who murders an infant
subtype: #murderess__murderes a woman murderer
subtype: #parricide.murderer someone who kills his or her parent
subtype: #matricide.parricide a person who murders their mother
subtype: #patricide.parricide a person who murders their father
subtype: #ripper a murderer who slashes the victims with a knife; "Jack the ripper was probably a madman"
subtype: #serial_killer__serial_murderer someone who murders more than three victims one at a time in a relatively short interval
instance: #Jack_the_Ripper
subtype: #parolee__probationer someone released on probation or on parole
subtype: #drug_peddler__pusher__peddler__drug_dealer__drug_trafficker an unlicensed dealer in illegal drugs
subtype: #racketeer some who commits crimes for profit (especially one who obtains money by fraud or extortion)
subtype: #bagman a racketeer assigned to collect or distribute payoff money
subtype: #raper__rapist someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse
subtype: #recidivist__repeater__habitual_criminal someone who is repeatedly arrested for criminal behavior (especially for the same criminal behavior)
subtype: #scofflaw one who habitually ignores the law and does not answer court summonses
subtype: #smuggler__runner__contrabandist__mooncurser someone who imports or exports without paying duties
subtype: #gunrunner__arms-runner a smuggler of guns
subtype: #rumrunner someone who illegally smuggles liquor across a border
subtype: #thief__stealer a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it
subtype: #bandit__brigand an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band
subtype: #shoplifter__booster__lifter a thief who steals goods that are on display in a store
subtype: #burglar a thief who enters a building with intent to steal
subtype: #housebreaker__cat_burglar a burglar who unlawfully breaks into and enters another person's house
subtype: #dacoit__dakoit (in India and Burma) a member of an armed gang of robbers
subtype: #embezzler__peculator__defalcator someone who violates a trust by taking (money) for their own use
subtype: #body_snatcher__graverobber__ghoul someone who takes bodies from graves and sells them for anatomical dissection
subtype: #graverobber someone who steals valuables from graves or crypts
subtype: #holdup_man__stickup_man__stickupman an armed thief
subtype: #highwayman__highjacker__hijacker__road_agent a holdup man who stops a vehicle and steals from it
subtype: #footpad__padder a highwayman who robs on foot
instance: #Dick_Turpin__Turpin
subtype: #larcenist__larcener a person who commits larceny
subtype: #pickpocket__cutpurse__dip a thief who steals from the pockets or purses of others in public places
subtype: #plagiarist__plagiarizer__literarypirate__pirate someone who uses another person's words or ideas is they were his own
subtype: #plunderer__pillager__looter__spoiler__raider__freebooter someone who takes spoils or plunder (as in war)
subtype: #pirate__buccaneer__sea_robber__searobber__sea_rover__searover someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation
subtype: #Barbary_pirate__corsair a pirate along the Barbary coast
instance: #Khayr_ad-Din__Barbarossa
subtype: #sea_king__seaking a Viking pirate chief
instance: #Jean_Laffite__Laffite__Lafitte__Jean_Lafitte #Sir_Henry_Morgan__Morgan__Henry_Morgan #Bartholomew_Roberts__Roberts #Edward_Teach__Teach__Thatch__Edward_Thatch__Blackbeard
subtype: #robber a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence
subtype: #bank_robber a robber of banks
subtype: #mugger a robber who takes property by threatening or performing violence on the person who is robbed (usually on the street)
subtype: #rustler__cattle_thief someone who steals livestock (especially cattle)
subtype: #safebreaker__safecracker__cracksman a thief who breaks open safes to steal valuable contents
subtype: #snatcher a thief who grabs and runs; "a purse snatcher"
subtype: #sneak_thief__pilferer__snitcher a thief who steals without using violence
subtype: #wharf_rat.sneak_thief__wharfrat someone who lives near wharves and lives by pilfering from ships or warehouses
subtype: #traitor__treasonist someone who betrays his country by committing treason
subtype: #collaborator__collaborationist__quisling someone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force
subtype: #fifth_columnist__fifthcolumnist__saboteur a member of a clandestine subversive organization who tries to help a potential invader
subtype: #traitress__traitres female traitor
instance: #Benedict_Arnold__Arnold
subtype: #violator__lawbreaker someone who violates the law
instance: #William_H._Bonney__Bonney__Billie_the_Kid #Jesse_James__James #Robert_MacGregor__MacGregor__Rob_Roy
subtype: #deceiver__cheat__cheater__trickster__beguiler__slicker someone who leads you to believe something that is not true
subtype: #bluffer a person who tries to bluff other people
subtype: #swindler__chiseller__chiseler__gouger__scammer__sharpie a person who swindles you by means of deception or fraud
subtype: #cardsharp__cardsharper a professional card player who makes a living by cheating at card games
subtype: #clip_artist a swindler who fleeces the victim
subtype: #confidence_man__con_man__conman__con_artist__conartist a swindler who exploits the confidence of his victim
subtype: #welcher__welsher someone who swindles you by not repaying a debt or wager
subtype: #steerer__decoy a beguiler who leads someone into danger (usually as part of a plot)
subtype: #roper.steerer a decoy who lures customers into a gambling establishment (especially one with a fixed game)
subtype: #shill a decoy who acts as an enthusiastic customer in order to stimulate the participation of others
subtype: #dodger__fox__slyboot a shifty deceptive person
subtype: #double-crosser__double-dealer__two-timer__twotimer__betrayer__traitor a person who says one thing and does another
subtype: #Judas someone who betrays under the guise of friendship
subtype: #falsifier someone who falsifies
subtype: #finagler__wangler a deceiver who uses crafty misleading methods
subtype: #counterfeiter__forger someone who makes copies illegally
subtype: #coiner.counterfeiter (British) a maker of counterfeit coins
subtype: #paperhanger (informal) someone who passes bad checks or counterfeit paper money
subtype: #fortune_hunter__fortunehunter a person who seeks wealth through marriage
subtype: #front_man__frontman__front__figurehead__nominal_head__nominalhead__straw_man__strawman a person used as a cover for some questionable activity
subtype: #hypocrite__dissembler__phony__phoney__pretender a person who professes beliefs and opinions that they do not hold
subtype: #smoothie__smoothy__sweettalker someone with an assured and ingratiating manner
subtype: #Tartuffe__Tartufe a hypocrite who pretends to religious piety (after the protagonist in a play by Moliere)
subtype: #whited_sepulcher__whited_sepulchre a person who is inwardly evil but outwardly professes to be virtuous
subtype: #impersonator__imitator someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another
subtype: #mimic__mimicker someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)
subtype: #imposter__impostor__pretender__fake__faker__fraud__sham__shammer__pseudo__pseud__role_player a person who makes deceitful pretenses
subtype: #namedropper someone who pretends that famous people are his/her friends
subtype: #ringer.imposter a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
subtype: #liar__prevaricator a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly
subtype: #perjurer__false_witness__falsewitnes a person who deliberately gives false testimony
subtype: #storyteller__fibber__fabricator someone who tells lies
instance: #Ananias
subtype: #misleader someone who leads astray (often deliberately)
subtype: #mountebank__charlatan a flamboyant deceiver; one who attracts customers with tricks or jokes
subtype: #phrenologist__craniologist someone who claims to read your character from the shape of your skull
subtype: #quack an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice
subtype: #obscurantist a person who is deliberately vague
subtype: #sandbagger someone who deceives you about his true nature or intent in order to take advantage of you
subtype: #two-timer__twotimer someone who deceives a lover or spouse by carrying on a sexual relationship with somebody else
subtype: #utterer someone who circulates forged banknotes or counterfeit coins
subtype: #juvenile_delinquent__delinquent a young offender
subtype: #defector__deserter a person who abandons their duty (as on a military post)
subtype: #deviationist an ideological defector from the party line (especially from orthodox communism)
subtype: #draft_dodger__draftdodger__draft_evader__draftevader someone who is drafted and illegally refuses to serve
subtype: #renegade__turncoat someone who rebels and becomes and outlaw
subtype: #transgressor someone who transgresses; someone who violates a law or command; "the way of transgressors is hard"
subtype: #malfeasant one guilty of malfeasance
subtype: #nonattender__no-show__truant someone who shirks duty
subtype: #perpetrator__culprit someone who perpetrates wrongdoing
subtype: #pimp__procurer__panderer__pander__pandar__fancy_man__fancyman__ponce someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce)
subtype: #procuress__procures a woman pimp
subtype: #whoremaster__whoremonger a pimp who procures whores
subtype: #backslider__recidivist__reversionist someone who lapses into previous undesirable patterns of behavior
subtype: #reprobate__miscreant a person without moral scruples
subtype: #pervert__deviant__deviate__degenerate a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior
subtype: #fetishist one who engages in fetishism (especially of a sexual nature)
subtype: #masochist someone who obtains pleasure from receiving punishment
subtype: #flagellant.masochist a person who is whipped or whips himself for sexual gratification
subtype: #molester someone who subjects others to unwanted or improper sexual activities
subtype: #nymphomaniac__nympho a woman with abnormal sexual desires
subtype: #pederast__paederast__childmolester a man who has sex (usually sodomy) with a boy as the passive partner
subtype: #pedophile__paedophile an adult who is sexually attracted to children
subtype: #sadist someone who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain or others
subtype: #sadomasochist someone who enjoys both sadism and masochism
subtype: #satyr__lecher man with strong sexual desires
subtype: #sodomite__sodomist__sod someone who engages in anal copulation (especially a male who engages in anal copulation with another male)
subtype: #scapegrace__black_sheep__blacksheep a reckless and unprincipled reprobate
subtype: #wretch performs some wicked deed
subtype: #shark.wrongdoer a person who is ruthless and greedy and dishonest
subtype: #shyster__pettifogger a person (especially a lawyer or politician) who uses unscrupulous or unethical methods
subtype: #sinner__evildoer a person who sins (without repenting)
subtype: #magdalen a reformed prostitute
instance: #St_Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalen__St_Mary_Magdalen
subtype: #usurper__supplanter one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another
subtype: #claim_jumper__claimjumper one who illegally occupies property to which another has a legal claim
subtype: #war_criminal__warcriminal an offender who violates international law during times of war
subtype: #decadent a person who has fallen into a decadent state (morally or artistically)
subtype: #destroyer__ruiner__undoer__waster__uprooter a person who destroys or ruins or lays waste to; "a destroyer of the environment"; "jealousy was his undoer"; "uprooters of gravestones"
subtype: #annihilator a total destroyer
subtype: #iconoclast__image_breaker__imagebreaker someone who tries to destroy traditional ideas or institutions
subtype: #saboteur__wrecker someone who commits sabotage or deliberately causes wrecks
subtype: #vandal someone who willfully destroys or defaces property
subtype: #libertine__debauchee__rounder a dissolute person; usually a man who is morally unrestrained
subtype: #adulterer__fornicator someone who commits adultery
subtype: #adulteress__fornicatress__hussy__jade__loose_woman__slut__strumpet a woman adulterer
subtype: #wencher someone who patronizes prostitutes
subtype: #gigolo a man who has sex with and is supported by a woman
subtype: #lounge_lizard__lizard a man who idles about in the lounges of hotels and bars in search of women who would support him
subtype: #profligate__rake__rip__blood__roue a dissolute man in fashionable society
subtype: #ladies'_man__seducer__ladykiller a man who takes advantage of women
subtype: #undoer a seducer who ruins a woman; "she awoke in the arms of her cruel undoer"
subtype: #swinger.libertine__tramp a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex
subtype: #debaucher__violator__ravisher someone who assaults others sexually
subtype: #womanizer__womaniser__philanderer a man who likes many women and has short sexual relationships with them
subtype: #panderer a person who serves or caters to the vulgar passions or plans of others (especially in order to make money)
subtype: #polluter__defiler a person or organization that causes pollution of the environment
subtype: #scalawag__scallywag white Southerner supporting Reconstruction policies after the Civil War usually for self-interest
subtype: #seducer a bad person who entices others into error or wrong-doing
subtype: #shocker.bad_person a shockingly bad person
subtype: #snake_in_the_grass__snake a deceitful or treacherous person
subtype: #trampler someone who injures by trampling
subtype: #varmint__vermin an irritating or obnoxious person
subtype: #victimizer__victimiser a person who victimizes others; "I thought we were partners, not victim and victimizer"
subtype: #slaver__slave_dealer__slavedealer__slave_trader__slavetrader a person engaged in slave trade
subtype: #white_slaver__whiteslaver a person who forces women to become prostitutes
subtype: #capitalist a person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business)
subtype: #businessperson__bourgeois__bourgeoi engages in industrial commercial enterprise
subtype: #accountant__comptroller__controller someone who maintains and audits business accounts
subtype: #auditor someone who audits accounts
subtype: #bookkeeper someone who records the transactions of a business
subtype: #certified_public_accountant__CPA an accountant certified by the state
subtype: #chartered_accountant__charteredaccountant a British accountant who is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants
subtype: #cost_accountant a specialist in the systematic recording and analysis of the costs incident to production
subtype: #account_executive__accountexecutive__account_representative__accountrepresentative__registered_representative__customer's_broker__customer's_man someone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service business
subtype: #broker__agent__factor a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission
subtype: #auctioneer an agent who conducts an auction
subtype: #insurance_broker__insurancebroker__insurance_agent__insuranceagent__general_agent__generalagent an agent who sells insurance
subtype: #investment_banker__underwriter a banker who deals chiefly in underwriting new securities
subtype: #killer_bee an investment banker who devises strategies to make a target company less attractive for takeover
subtype: #realtor__real_estate_broker__real_estate_agent__estate_agent__land_agent__house_agent__houseagent a person who is authorized to act as an agent for the sale of land; "in England they call a realtor a land agent"
subtype: #ship_broker an agent for the ship owner; obtains cargo and may arrange for its loading or discharge
subtype: #stockbroker an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds
subtype: #syndic one appointed to represent a city or university or corporation in business transactions
subtype: #travel_agent someone who sells or arranges trips or tours for customers
subtype: #businessman__man_of_affairs a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)
subtype: #arbitrageur__arbitrager__arb someone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)
subtype: #baron__big_businessman__bigbusinessman__business_leader__king__magnate__mogul__power__top_executive__topexecutive__tycoon a very wealthy or powerful businessman: "an oil baron"
subtype: #oil_tycoon__oiltycoon a powerful person in the oil business
subtype: #businesswoman a female businessman
subtype: #brothel_keeper__brothelkeeper__madam a woman who runs a house of prostitution
subtype: #industrialist someone who manages or has significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise
instance: #Andrew_Carnegie__Carnegie #Peter_Cooper__Cooper #Glenn_Hammond_Curtiss__Curtiss__Glenn_Curtiss #Gottlieb_Daimler__Daimler #John_Deere__Deere #George_Eastman__Eastman #Henry_Ford__Ford #Edsel_Bryant_Ford__Ford #Henry_Ford_II__Ford #Henry_Clay_Frick__Frick #Gillette__King_Camp_Gilette #Meyer_Guggenheim__Guggenheim #Henry_John_Heinz__Heinz #William_Henry_Hoover__Hoover__William_Hoover #Howard_Robard_Hughes__Hughes__Howard_Hughes #Friedrich_Krupp__Krupp #Edwin_Herbert_Land__Land__Din_Land #First_Viscount_Nuffield__Nuffield__William_Richard_Morris #Wilhelm_von_Opel__Opel #Elisha_Graves_Otis__Otis #Robert_Owen__Owen #Sri_Frederick_Handley_Page__Page #John_Davison_Rockefeller__Rockefeller__John_D._Rockefeller #Igor_Ivanovich_Sikorsky__Sikorsky__Igor_Sikorsky #Ernest_Solvay__Solvay
subtype: #oilman.businessman a person who owns or operates oil wells
subtype: #wildcatter an oilman who drills exploratory wells in territory not known to be an oil field
subtype: #operator.businessman someone who owns or operates a business; "who is the operator of this franchise?"
subtype: #supermarketer an operator of a supermarket
subtype: #proprietor__owner someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business; "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants"
subtype: #bookseller the proprietor of a bookstore
subtype: #lessor__lease_giver__leasegiver someone who grants a lease
subtype: #letter.proprietor owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
subtype: #patronne__patron (Italian) the proprietor of an inn
subtype: #innkeeper__host the owner or manager of an inn
subtype: #hostess a woman innkeeper
subtype: #padrone.innkeeper an owner or proprietor of an inn in Italy
subtype: #victualer__victualler an innkeeper (especially British)
subtype: #proprietress a woman proprietor
subtype: #newspaper_publisher__newspaperpublisher__publisher the proprietor of a newspaper
subtype: #press_lord__presslord a powerful newspaper proprietor
instance: #1st_Baron_Beaverbrook__Beaverbrook__William_Maxwell_Aitken #Alfred_Charles_William_Harmsworth__Harmsworth__Viscount_Northcliffe #Benjamin_Harris__Harris #William_Randolph_Hearst__Hearst #Joseph_Pulitzer__Pulitzer #James_Edmund_Scripps__Scripps #Edward_Wyllis_Scripps__Scripps
subtype: #renter an owner who receives payment for the use of their property by another
subtype: #restaurateur__restauranter the proprietor of a restaurant
subtype: #saloon_keeper the proprietor of a saloon
subtype: #small_businessman__smallbusinessman a businessman who runs a business employing less than 100 people
subtype: #concessionaire__concessioner someone who holds or operates a concession
subtype: #syndicator a businessman who forms a syndicate
subtype: #transactor someone who conducts or carries on business or negotiations
instance: #Ezra_Cornell__Cornell #Edward_Henry_Harriman__Harriman__E._H._Harriman #James_Jerome_Hill__Hill__J._J._Hill #Collis_Potter_Huntington__Huntington #First_Baron_Marks_of_Broughton__Marks__Simon_Marks #David_Sarnoff__Sarnoff #Leland_Stanford__Stanford #George_Stephenson__Stephenson #Henry_Villard__Villard #John_Wanamaker__Wanamaker #Asron_Montgomery_Ward__Ward__Montgomery_Ward #Frank_Winfield_Woolworth__Woolworth #Rudolf_Wurlitzer__Wurlitzer
subtype: #entrepreneur__enterpriser someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
instance: #William_Henry_Gates__Gates__Bill_Gates #Sir_Clive_Marles_Sinclair__Sinclair__Clive_Sinclair
subtype: #exporter a businessperson who transports goods abroad (for sale)
subtype: #importer someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)
subtype: #merchant__merchandiser a businessperson engaged in retail trade
subtype: #baker someone who bakes commercially
subtype: #bookdealer__book_seller a dealer in books; a merchant who sells books
subtype: #meatman__butcher a retailer of meat
subtype: #pork_butcher (British) a vendor of pork and products made from pork
subtype: #clothier__haberdasher a merchant who sells men's clothing
subtype: #fishmonger__fishwife someone who sells fish
subtype: #grain_merchant__grainmerchant a merchant who deals in food grains
subtype: #grocer a retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies)
subtype: #greengrocer (British) a grocer who sells fresh fruits and vegetables
subtype: #ironmonger__hardwareman someone who sells hardware; "in England they call a hardwareman an ironmonger"
subtype: #jeweler__jeweller someone in the business of selling jewelry
subtype: #milliner a merchant who designs and sells hats
subtype: #poultryman__poulterer a dealer in poultry and poultry products
subtype: #retailer__retail_merchant a merchant who sells goods at retail
subtype: #chandler.retailer a retail dealer in provisions and supplies
subtype: #ship's_chandler a dealer in sails and ropes and other supplies for sailing ships
subtype: #licensee__licencee someone to who a license is granted
subtype: #rug_merchant__rugmerchant a merchant who sells rugs
subtype: #salt_merchant__salter someone who makes or deals in salt
subtype: #schlockmeister__shlockmeister (slang) a merchant who deals in shoddy or inferior merchandise
subtype: #seller__marketer__vender__vendor__trafficker someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money
subtype: #ticket_agent__booking_clerk someone who sells tickets (e.g., theater seats or travel accommodations)
subtype: #cosmetician someone who sells or applies cosmetics
subtype: #flower_girl.seller__flowergirl a woman who sells flowers in the street
subtype: #fruiterer (British) a person who sells fruit
subtype: #cheap-jack__cheapjack__huckster a seller of shoddy goods
subtype: #costermonger__barrow-man__barrow-boy a hawker of fruit and vegetables from a barrow
subtype: #pedlar__peddler__packman__hawker__pitchman someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals)
subtype: #chapman archaic term for an itinerant peddler
subtype: #muffin_man (British) formerly an itinerant peddler of muffins
subtype: #sandboy (British) a peddler of sand at a seashore resort; used now only to express great happiness in the expression "happy as a sandboy"
subtype: #selling_agent__sellingagent someone who sells goods (on commission) for others
subtype: #trafficker__dealer a seller of illicit goods; "a trafficker in stolen cars"
subtype: #drug_peddler__pusher__peddler__drug_dealer__drug_trafficker an unlicensed dealer in illegal drugs
subtype: #underseller a seller that sells at a lower price than others do; "he went all over town looking for undersellers"
subtype: #shopkeeper__tradesman__storekeeper__market_keeper a merchant who owns or manages a shop
subtype: #dry_cleaner__drycleaner__cleaner the operator of dry-cleaning establishment
subtype: #florist someone who grows and deals in flowers; "the florist made up an attractive bouquet"
subtype: #hosier a tradesman who sells hosiery (and (in England) knitwear)
subtype: #newsagent__newsdealer__newsvendor__newsstand_operator__newsstandoperator someone who sells newspapers
subtype: #tobacconist a retail dealer in tobacco and tobacco-related articles
subtype: #stationer__stationeryseller a merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies
subtype: #trader__bargainer__dealer__monger someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
subtype: #art_dealer__artdealer a dealer in works of art requiring esthetic evaluation
subtype: #print_seller__printseller someone who sells etchings and engravings etc.
subtype: #barterer a trader who exchanges goods and not money
subtype: #bibliopole__bibliopolist a dealer in secondhand books (especially rare or curious books)
subtype: #cutler a dealer in cutlery
subtype: #draper a dealer in fabrics and sewing materials (and sometimes in clothing and drygoods)
subtype: #linendraper (British) a retail dealer in yard goods
subtype: #fence (informal) a dealer in stolen property
subtype: #horse_trader__horsetrader a hard bargainer
subtype: #mercer (British) a dealer in textiles (especially silks)
subtype: #seedsman__seedman a dealer in seeds
subtype: #slopseller (British) a dealer in cheap ready-made clothing
subtype: #stamp_dealer__stampdealer a dealer in stamps (whose customers are stamp collectors)
subtype: #stock_trader__stocktrader someone who buys and sells stock shares
subtype: #profit_taker someone who sells stock shares at a profit
subtype: #stockjobber (British) one who deals only with brokers or other jobbers
subtype: #merchant-venturer__venturer a merchant who undertakes a trading venture (especially a venture that sends goods overseas)
subtype: #vintner__wine_merchant someone who sells wine
instance: #Charles_Henry_Harrod__Harrod #Charles_Digby_Harrod__Harrod
subtype: #shipper.businessperson someone who ships goods
subtype: #consigner__consignor the person who delivers over or commits merchandise
subtype: #supplier__provider someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity
subtype: #black_marketeer__blackmarketeer someone who engages illegally in trade in scarce or controlled commodities
subtype: #caterer someone who provides food and service (as for a party)
subtype: #connection.supplier a supplier (especially of narcotics)
subtype: #dispenser.supplier a person who dispenses
subtype: #distributor__distributer someone who markets merchandise
subtype: #jobber__middleman__wholesaler someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers
subtype: #meat_packer__packer a wholesaler in the meat-packing business
instance: #Gustavus_Franklin_Swift__Swift
subtype: #ship_chandler a dealer in equipment and supplies for ships
subtype: #wool_stapler a dealer in wool
subtype: #purveyor someone who supplies provisions (especially food)
subtype: #recruiter.supplier someone who supplies members or employees
subtype: #headhunter (informal) a recruiter of personnel (especially for corporations)
subtype: #talent_scout__scout someone employed to discover and recruit talented persons (especially in the worlds of entertainment or sports)
subtype: #stockist one (as a retailer or distributor) that stocks goods
subtype: #sutler__victualer__victualler__provisioner a supplier of victuals or supplies to an army
subtype: #financier__moneyman a person skilled in large scale financial transactions
subtype: #banker someone who owns or is an executive in a bank
subtype: #cashier__teller__bank_clerk an employee of a bank who receives and pays out money
instance: #Rothschild
subtype: #city_man a financier who works in one of the banks in the City of London
subtype: #principal.financier__dealer the major party to a financial transaction; buys and sells for his own account
subtype: #broker-dealer a financial specialist who trades for his own account and so acts both as a broker and principal
instance: #James_Buchanan_Brady__Brady__Diamond_Jim_Brady__Diamond_Jim #Jay_Cooke__Cooke #Cosimo_de_Medici__Cosimo_the_Elder #Stephen_Girard__Girard #Jay_Gould__Gould #Sir_Thomas_Gresham__Gresham #William_Averell_Harriman__Harriman__Averell_Harriman #Hopkins__Johns_Hopkins #Andrew_William_Mellon__Mellon__Andrew_Mellon__Andrew_W._Mellon #John_Pierpont_Morgan__Morgan__J._P._Morgan #Robert_Morris__Morris #Cecil_John_Rhodes__Rhodes__Cecil_Rhodes__Cecil_J._Rhodes #Haym_Salomon__Salomon #Cornelius_Vanderbilt__Vanderbilt__Commodore_VAnderbilt
subtype: #holder.capitalist__bearer the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it; "the bond was marked `payable to bearer'"
subtype: #ticket_holder holder of a ticket (for admission or for passage)
subtype: #accumulator__collector__gatherer a person who is employed to collect payments (as for rent or taxes)
subtype: #conductor.accumulator the person who collects fares on a public conveyance
subtype: #conductress__conductres a woman conductor
subtype: #gleaner someone who gathers something in small pieces (e.g. information) slowly and carefully
subtype: #rent_collector a person who goes from house to house collecting rents for the owner
instance: #Isabella_Stewart_Gardner__Gardner
subtype: #tenant a holder of buildings or lands by any kind of title (as ownership or lease)
subtype: #cotenant one of two or more tenants holding title to the same property
subtype: #life_tenant a tenant whose legal right to retain possession of buildings or lands lasts as long as they (or some other person) lives
subtype: #tenant_farmer a farmer who works land owned by someone else
subtype: #investor someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns
subtype: #contrarian an investor who deliberately decides to go against the prevailing wisdom of other investors
subtype: #bear.investor an investor with a pessimistic market outlook
subtype: #bondholder a holder of bonds issued by a government or corporation
subtype: #bull.investor an investor with an optimistic market outlook
subtype: #caller.investor an investor who buys a call option
subtype: #depositor a person who has deposited money in a bank or similar institution
subtype: #withdrawer a depositor who withdraws funds previously deposited
subtype: #lender__loaner someone who lends money or gives credit in business matters
subtype: #creditor a lender to whom money is owed
subtype: #mortgagee__mortgageholder the person who accepts a mortgage; "the bank became our mortgagee when it accepted our mortgage on our new home"
subtype: #pawnbroker a person who lends money at interest in exchange for personal property that is deposited as security
subtype: #usurer__loan_shark__moneylender__shylock someone who lends money at excessive rates of interest
subtype: #rentier someone whose income is from property rents or bond interest and other investments
subtype: #stockholder__shareholder__shareowner someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation
subtype: #stockholder_of_record the stockholder whose name is registered on the books of the corporation as owning the shares at a particular time
subtype: #materialist someone with great regard for worldly possessions
subtype: #moneymaker someone who is successful in accumulating wealth
subtype: #moneygrubber someone whose main interest in life is moneymaking
subtype: #profiteer someone who makes excessive profit (especially on goods in short supply)
instance: #John_Jacob_Astor__Astor
subtype: #captor__capturer a person who captures and holds people or animals
subtype: #kidnapper__abductor__snatcher someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom)
subtype: #surpriser a captor who uses surprise to capture the victim
subtype: #changer__modifier a person who changes something; "an inveterate changer of the menu"
subtype: #adulterator a changer who lessens the purity or effectiveness of a substance
subtype: #normalizer__normaliser a person who normalizes
subtype: #standardizer__standardiser a person who sets a standard for things to conform to
subtype: #commoner__common_man__common_person a person who holds no title
subtype: #bourgeois__bourgeoi__burgher a member of the middle class
subtype: #petit_bourgeois__petitbourgeoi a member of the lower middle class
subtype: #nobody__cipher__cypher__nonentity a person of no influence
subtype: #pip-squeak__pipsqueak__squirt__small_fry__smallfry someone who is small and insignificant
subtype: #whippersnapper__jackanapes__lightweight someone who is unimportant but cheeky and presumptuous
subtype: #everyman the ordinary person
subtype: #Joe_Blow__John_Doe__Joe_Bloggs__man_in_the_street a hypothetical average man
subtype: #layman__layperson someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person
subtype: #lay_reader__layreader a layman authorized to read sermons
subtype: #plebeian__pleb one of the common people
subtype: #philistine__lowbrow a person who is uninterested in intellectual pursuits
subtype: #proletarian__prole__worker a member of the working class (not necessarily employed); "workers of the world--unite!"
subtype: #rustic an unsophisticated country person
subtype: #coon a an eccentric or undignified rustic; "I'll be a gone coon when the battle starts"
subtype: #countryman.rustic a man who lives in the country and has country ways
subtype: #countrywoman.rustic a woman who lives in the country and has country ways
subtype: #hillbilly__bushwhacker a disparaging term for an unsophisticated person
subtype: #provincial__peasant a country person
subtype: #cottar__cotter a peasant farmer in the Scottish highlands
subtype: #muzhik__moujik__mujik__muzjik a Russian peasant (especially prior to 1917)
subtype: #redneck__cracker a poor white person in the southern US
subtype: #woodsman__woodman someone who lives in the woods
subtype: #yokel__rube__hick__yahoo__hayseed__chawbacon not very intelligent or interested in culture
subtype: #communicator a person who communicates with others
subtype: #alarmist a person who alarms others needlessly
subtype: #scaremonger a person who spreads frightening rumors and stirs up trouble
subtype: #allegorizer__allegoriser someone who communicates in allegories
subtype: #announcer.communicator someone who proclaims a message publicly
subtype: #caller.announcer someone who proclaims or summons in a loud voice; "the callers were mothers summoning their children home for dinner"
subtype: #caller-out__caller a person who announces the changes of steps during a dance; "you need a fiddler and a caller for country dancing"
subtype: #muezzin__muazzin__mu'adhdhin the Moslem official of a mosque who summons the faithful to prayer from a minaret five times a day
subtype: #town_crier__crier (formerly) an official who made public announcements
subtype: #articulator.communicator someone who pronounces words
subtype: #speaker__talker__utterer__verbalizer__verbaliser someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous); "the speaker at commencement"; "an utterer of useful maxims"
subtype: #alliterator a speaker or writer who makes use of alliteration
subtype: #caller-up__caller__phoner__telephoner the person initiating a telephone call; "there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone"
subtype: #chatterer__babbler__prater__chatterbox__spouter an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker
subtype: #conversationalist__schmoozer someone skilled at conversation
subtype: #deipnosophist someone skilled at across-the-table chit chat
subtype: #conversational_partner__interlocutor a person who takes part in a conversation
subtype: #drawler someone who speaks with a drawl
subtype: #jabberer__driveller someone whose talk is trivial drivel
subtype: #ejaculator a speaker who utters a sudden exclamation
subtype: #growler.speaker a speaker whose voice sounds like a growl
subtype: #inquirer__enquirer__questioner__querier__asker someone who asks a question
subtype: #cross-examiner__crossexaminer__cross-questioner__crossquestioner someone who questions a witness carefully (especially about testimony given earlier)
subtype: #quizzer__examiner__tester someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications
subtype: #inquisitor__interrogator a questioner who is excessively harsh
subtype: #interviewer a person who conducts an interview
subtype: #pollster__poll_taker__headcounter someone who conducts surveys of public opinion; "a pollster conducts public opinion polls"; "a headcounter counts heads"
subtype: #lecturer someone who lectures professionally
instance: #Helen_Adams_Keller__Keller__Helen_Keller
subtype: #lisper a speaker who lisps
subtype: #mentioner a speaker who refers to something briefly or incidentally
subtype: #mutterer__mumbler a person who speaks indistinctly
subtype: #narrator__storyteller__teller someone who tells a story
subtype: #anecdotist__raconteur a person skilled in telling anecdotes
instance: #Karl_Friedrich_Hieronymus_von_Munchhausen__Munchhausen__Munchausen__Baron_Munchausen
subtype: #fabulist a person who tells or invents fables
instance: #Aesop
subtype: #griot a storyteller in West Africa; perpetuates the oral traditions of a family or village
subtype: #orator__speechmaker__rhetorician__public_speaker__speechifier a person who delivers a speech or oration
subtype: #eulogist__panegyrist an orator who delivers eulogies or panegyrics
subtype: #demagogue__demagog__rabble-rouser an orator who appeals to the passions and prejudices of his audience
subtype: #elocutionist a public speaker trained in voice production and gesture and delivery
subtype: #haranguer a public speaker who delivers a loud or forceful or angry speech
subtype: #spellbinder an orator who can hold his listeners spellbound
subtype: #tub-thumper__tubthumper a noisy and vigorous or ranting public speaker
instance: #Edmund_Burke__Burke #Marcus_Tullius_Cicero__Cicero__Tully #Demosthenes #Patrick_Henry__Henry #Isocrates
subtype: #prattler someone who speaks in a childish way
subtype: #ranter__raver someone who rants and raves; speaks in a violent or loud manner
subtype: #reciter someone who recites from memory
subtype: #stammerer__stutterer someone who speaks with involuntary pauses and repetitions
subtype: #talking_head__talkinghead a talker on television who talks directly into the cameras and whose upper body is all that is shown on the screen
subtype: #vociferator a loud and vehement speaker (usually in protest)
subtype: #voicer a speaker who voices an opinion
subtype: #wailer a mourner who utters long loud high-pitched cries
subtype: #whisperer one who speaks in a whisper
subtype: #witnesser__witness__informant someone who sees an event and reports what happened
subtype: #attester__attestant someone who affirms or vouches for the correctness or truth or genuineness of something
subtype: #testifier__deponent a person who testifies or gives a deposition
subtype: #subvocalizer__subvocaliser someone who articulates speech without uttering sounds
subtype: #asserter__declarer__affirmer__asseverator__avower someone who claims to speak the truth; "a bold asserter"; "a declarer of his intentions"; "affirmers of traditional doctrine"; "an asseverator of strong convictions"; "an avower of his own great intelligence"
subtype: #postulator someone who assumes or takes something for granted as the basis of an argument
subtype: #avower someone who admits or acknowledges openly and boldly
subtype: #broadcaster someone who broadcasts on radio or television
subtype: #announcer reads news, commercials on radio or television
subtype: #radio_announcer an announcer whose voice is broadcast on radio
subtype: #sports_announcer__sportscaster__sports_commentator an announcer who reads sports news or describes sporting events
subtype: #newscaster someone who broadcasts the news
subtype: #tv_announcer__television_announcer an announcer on television
subtype: #broadcast_journalist__broadcastjournalist a journalist who broadcasts on radio or television
instance: #Edward_Roscoe_Murrow__Murrow__Edward_R._Murrow #Lowell_Jackson_Thomas__Thomas__Lowell_Thomas
subtype: #disk_jockey__disc_jockey__dj a person who announces and plays popular recorded music
subtype: #telecaster a television broadcaster
subtype: #conferee a member of a conference
subtype: #confessor.communicator someone who confesses (discloses information damaging to themselves)
subtype: #letter_writer__correspondent someone who communicates by means of letters
subtype: #pen_pal__penpal__pen-friend__penfriend a person you come to know by by frequent friendly correspondence
subtype: #extrovert__extravert (psychology) a person concerned more with practical realities than with inner thoughts and feelings
subtype: #gossiper__gossip__rumormonger__rumourmonger__newsmonger a person given to gossiping and divulging personal information about others
subtype: #female_gossiper__cat a spiteful woman gossip; "what a cat she is!"
subtype: #scandalmonger a person who spreads malicious gossip
subtype: #tattletale__tattler__taleteller__talebearer__telltale__blabbermouth someone who gossips indiscreetly
subtype: #yenta a woman gossip
subtype: #hisser someone who communicates disapproval by hissing
subtype: #informant__source a person who supplies information
subtype: #informer__betrayer__rat__squealer__blabber one who reveals confidential information in return for money
subtype: #fink__snitch__snitcher__stoolpigeon__stoolie__sneaker__canary someone acting as an informer or decoy for the police
subtype: #copper's_nark__nark (British) an informer or spy working for the police
subtype: #supergrass (British) a police informer who implicates many people
subtype: #leaker a surreptitious informant; "the president wanted to know who the leakers were"
subtype: #laudator__lauder__extoller someone who communicates high praise
subtype: #applauder__clapper someone who applauds
subtype: #negotiator__negotiant__treater someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement)
subtype: #mediator__go-between__intermediator__intermediary a negotiator who acts as a link between parties
subtype: #mediatrix a woman who is a mediator
subtype: #appeaser__conciliator__make-peace__pacifier__peacemaker__reconciler someone who tries to bring peace
subtype: #arbitrator__arbiter someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
subtype: #third_party.arbitrator__thirdparty someone other than the principals who are involved in a transaction
subtype: #diplomat a person who deals tactfully with others
subtype: #harmonizer a mediator who brings one thing into harmonious agreement with another
subtype: #interpreter.mediator__translator someone who mediates between speakers of different languages
subtype: #dragoman an interpreter and guide in the Near East
subtype: #symbolizer__symbolist__symboliser someone skilled in the interpretation of symbols
instance: #Edward_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald #Benjamin_Jowett__Jowett #William_Tyndale__Tyndale__Tindale__William_Tindale__Tindal__William_Tindal #Bishop_Ulfilas__Ulfilas__Ulfila__Bishop_Ulfila__Wulfila__Bishop_Wulfila
subtype: #matchmaker__matcher__marriage_broker someone who arranges (or tries to arrange) marriages for others
subtype: #moderator someone who mediates disputes and attempts to avoid violence
subtype: #modifier a moderator who makes less extreme or uncompromising
subtype: #second_hand an intermediate person; used in the phrase "at second hand"; "he could learn at second hand from books"
subtype: #bargainer negotiator of the terms of a transaction; "he is a hard bargainer"
subtype: #haggler an intense bargainer
subtype: #compromiser a negotiator willing to compromise; "Henry Clay was known as the Great Compromiser"
subtype: #holdout.negotiator a negotiator who hopes to gain concessions by refusing to come to terms; "their star pitcher was a holdout for six weeks"
subtype: #negotiatress__negotiatrix a woman negotiator
subtype: #representative a person who represents others
subtype: #agent.representative a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
subtype: #business_agent an agent who handles business affairs for another; especially one who deals with employers
subtype: #actor's_agent__actor'sagent__theatrical_agent a business agent for an actor
subtype: #literary_agent an agent who represents an author is dealings with publishers
subtype: #bailee the agent to whom property involved in a bailment is delivered
subtype: #booker__booking_agent__bookingagent someone who engages a person or company for performances
subtype: #showman__promoter__impresario a sponsor who books and stages public entertainments
subtype: #exhibitor__exhibitioner__shower someone who organizes an exhibit for others to see
subtype: #organ-grinder__organgrinder a street musician who plays a hand organ or hurdy-gurdy
subtype: #pornographer__porn_merchant someone who presents shows or sells writing or pictures that are sexually explicit in violation of the community mores
instance: #Phineas_Taylor_Barnum__Barnum__P._T._Barnum #William_Frederick_Cody__Cody__William_F._Cody__Buffalo_Bill__Buffalo_Bill_Cody #Sergei_Pavlovich_Diaghilev__Diaghilev__Sergei_Diaghilev #Richard_D'Oyly_Carte__D'Oyly_Carte #Solomon_Hurok__Hurok__Sol_Hurok #Charles_Ringling__Ringling
subtype: #surrogate a person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others
subtype: #vicegerent someone appointed by a ruler as an administrative deputy
subtype: #employment_agent someone who runs an employment agency
subtype: #freight_agent__freightagent an employee of a freight carrier who directs the receipt and delivery of goods
subtype: #government_agent a representative or official of a government or administrative department of a government
subtype: #G-man__FBI_agent__government_man a special law-enforcement agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
subtype: #revenuer a government agent responsible for collecting revenue (especially one responsible for stopping bootlegging)
subtype: #T-man a special law-enforcement agent of the United States Treasury
subtype: #handler an agent who handles something or someone; "the senator's campaign handlers"
subtype: #mill_agent the responsible official at a mill that is under absentee ownership
subtype: #next_friend a person who acts on behalf of an infant or disabled person (in law)
subtype: #parliamentary_agent__parliamentaryagent a person (in Britain) who is employed to look after the affairs of businesses that are affected by legislation of the British Parliament
subtype: #proxy.agent__placeholder__procurator a person authorized to act for another
subtype: #purchasing_agent an agent who purchases goods or services for another
subtype: #secret_agent__intelligence_officer__intelligence_agent__operative a person secretly employed in espionage for a government
subtype: #agent_provocateur__agentprovocateur a secret agent who incites suspected persons to commit illegal acts
subtype: #undercover_agent__spy a secret agent hired by a state to obtain (military) information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors
subtype: #counterspy__mole a spy who works against enemy espionage
subtype: #double_agent a spy who works for two mutually antagonistic countries
subtype: #espionage_agent someone employed to spy on another country or business competitor
subtype: #foreign_agent__foreignagent a spy for a foreign country
subtype: #infiltrator.undercover_agent someone who takes up a position surreptitiously for the purpose of espionage
subtype: #sleeper.undercover_agent a spy planted in advance for future use but not presently active
instance: #Mata_Hari__Margarete_Gertrud_Zelle
subtype: #shipping_agent the agent of a shipowner
subtype: #shopper.agent a commercial agent who shops at the competitor's store in order to compare their prices and merchandise with those of the store that employs her
subtype: #special_agent__specialagent someone whose authority is limited to the special undertaking they have been instructed to perform
subtype: #talent_agent an agent who represents performers
subtype: #universal_agent__universalagent__general_agent__generalagent someone authorized to transact every kind of business for the principal
subtype: #alderman a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council); "aldermen usually represent city wards"
subtype: #assemblyman someone who is a member of a legislative assembly
subtype: #assemblywoman a woman assemblyman
subtype: #middleman__contact a person who is in a position to give you special assistance; "he used his business contacts to get an introduction to the governor"
subtype: #delegate a person appointed or elected to represent others
subtype: #apostolic_delegate__apostolicdelegate (Roman Catholic) a representative of the Holy See in a country that has no formal diplomatic relations with it
subtype: #emissary__envoy someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else
subtype: #legate__official_emissary a member of a legation
subtype: #head_of_state__chief_of_state the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government
subtype: #prime_minister__primeminister__chancellor__premier the person who is head of state (in several countries)
subtype: #Prime_Minister__PM__premier the person who holds the position of head of state in England
subtype: #president.head_of_state the chief executive of a republic
subtype: #ex-president a former president
instance: #Vigdis_Finnbogadottir__Finnbogadottir
subtype: #President_of_the_United_States__President__Chief_Executive the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government; "the President likes to jog every morning"
instance: #President_John_Adams__Adams__John_Adams__President_Adams #President_John_Quincy_Adams__Adams__John_Quincy_Adams__President_Adams #Chester_Alan_Arthur__Arthur__Chester_A._Arthur__President_Arthur #President_Buchanan__Buchanan__James_Buchanan #George_Herbert_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__President_Bush #George_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__George_W._Bush__Dubyuh__President_Bush #James_Earl_Carter_Jr.__Carter__Jimmy_Carter__James_Earl_Carter__President_Carter #Stephen_Grover_Cleveland__Cleveland__Grover_Cleveland__President_Cleveland #William_Jefferson_Clinton__Clinton__Bill_Clinton__President_Clinton #President_Coolidge__Coolidge__Calvin_Coolidge #Dwight_David_Eisenhower__Eisenhower__Dwight_Eisenhower__Dwight_D._Eisenhower__Ike__President_Eisenhower #President_Fillmore__Fillmore__Millard_Fillmore #Gerald_Rudolph_Ford__Ford__Gerald_Ford__Gerald_R._Ford__President_Ford #James_Abraham_Garfield__Garfield__James_Garfield__James_A._Garfield__President_Garfield #Ulysses_Simpson_Grant__Grant__Ulysses_Grant__Ulysses_S._Grant__Hiram_Ulysses_Grant__President_Grant #Warren_Gamaliel_Harding__Harding__Warren_Harding__President_Harding #President_William_Henry_Harrison__Harrison__William_Henry_Harrison__President_Harrison #President_Benjamin_Harrison__presidentbenjaminharrison__Harrison__Benjamin_Harrison__President_Harrison #Rutherford_Birchard_Hayes__Hayes__Rutherford_B._Hayes__President_Hayes #Herbert_Clark_Hoover__Hoover__Herbert_Hoover__President_Hoover #Andrew_Jackson__Jackson__Old_Hickory #President_Jefferson__Jefferson__Thomas_Jefferson #President_Andrew_Johnson__Johnson__Andrew_Johnson__President_Johnson #President_Lyndon_Johnson__Johnson__Lyndon_Johnson__Lyndon_Baines_Johnson__LBJ__President_Johnson #John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy__Kennedy__Jack_Kennedy__JFK__President_Kennedy #President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln #President_Madison__Madison__James_Madison #President_McKinley__McKinley__William_McKinley #President_Monroe__Monroe__James_Monroe #Richard_Milhous_Nixon__Nixon__Richard_Nixon__Richard_M._Nixon__President_Nixon #President_Pierce__Pierce__Franklin_Pierce #James_Knox_Polk__Polk__James_Polk__James_K._Polk__President_Polk #Ronald_Wilson_Reagan__Reagan__Ronald_Reagan__President_Reagam #President_Theodore_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Theodore_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt #President_Franklin_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Franklin_Roosevelt__Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt__FDR #William_Howard_Taft__Taft__President_Taft #President_Taylor__Taylor__Zachary_Taylor #President_Truman__Truman__Harry_Truman__Harry_S_Truman #President_Tyler__Tyler__John_Tyler #President_Van_Buren__Van_Buren__Martin_Van_Buren #President_Washington__Washington__George_Washington #Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson__Woodrow_Wilson__President_Wilson
subtype: #sovereign__crowned_head__crownedhead__monarch a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
subtype: #tsar__czar__tzar a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)
instance: #Boris_Fyodorovich_Godunov__Godunov__godunov__Boris_Godunov #Ivan_IV__Ivan_Iv_Vasilievich__Ivan_the_Terrible #Nicholas_I #Nicholas_II #Peter_I__Peter_the_Great
subtype: #Emperor the male ruler of an empire
subtype: #Empress a woman Emperor or the wife of an Emperor
instance: #Catherine_I #Catherine_II__Catherine__Catherine_the_Great
subtype: #Holy_Roman_Emperor sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire
instance: #Charlemagne__Charles_I__Charles_the_Great #Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald #Ferdinand_I #Ferdinand_II #Ferdinand_III #Emperor_Francis_II__Francis_II #Frederick_Barbarossa__Frederick_I__Barbarossa #Frederick_II #Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great
subtype: #Kaiser the Holy Roman Emperors or the Emperors of Austria or Germany until 1918
instance: #Wilhelm_II__Kaiser_Wilhelm
subtype: #mikado__tenno (archaic) the emperor of Japan; when regarded as a religious leader the emperor is called tenno
subtype: #Roman_Emperor__Emperor_of_Rome sovereign of the Roman Empire
instance: #Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus__Antoninus__Aurelius__Marcus_Aurelius__Marcus_Annius_Verus #Antonius_Pius #Augustus__Gaius_Octavianus__Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus__Octavian #Caligula__Gaius__Gaius_Caesar #Tiberius_Claudius_Drusus_Nero_Germanicus__Claudius__Claudius_I #Constantine_the_Great__Constantine__Constantine_I #Decius #Domitian__Titus_Flavius_Domitianus #Hadrian__Publius_Aelius_Hadrianus__Adrian #Nero_Claudius_Caesar_Drusus_Germanicus__Nero__Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus #Marcus_Cocceius_Nerva__Nerva #Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_Caesar_Augustus__Tiberius #Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus__Titus #Trajan__Marcus_Ulpius_Traianus #Vespasian__Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus
instance: #Francis_Joseph_I__Francis_Joseph__Franz_Joseph__Franz_Josef_I #Genghis_Khan__Jinghis_Khan__Jenghiz_Khan #Haile_Selassie__Ras_Tafari_Makonnen__Ras_Tafari #Michinomiya_Hirohito__Hirohito #Justinian_the_Great__Justinian__Justinian_I #Kublai_Khan__Kubla_Khan__Kublai_Kaan #Meiji_Tenno__Mutsuhito #Montezuma_II #Napoleon_Bonaparte__Napoleon__Napoleon_I__Bonaparte__the_Little_Corporal #Napoleon_III__Charles_Louis_Napoleon_Bonaparte #Shah_Jahan
subtype: #male_monarch__king a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom
subtype: #Messiah the awaited King of the Jews; the promised and expected deliverer of the Jewish people
subtype: #King_of_England the sovereign ruler of England
instance: #Canute_the_Great__Canute__Cnut__Knut #Charles_Stuart__Charles_I #Charles_II #Edgar #Edward_I #Edward_II #Edward_III #Edward_IV #Edward_V #Edward_VI #Edward_VII__Albert_Edward #Edward_VIII__Duke_of_Windsor #Saint_Edward_the_Confessor__Edward_the_Confessor__St_Edward_the_Confessor #Saint_Edward_the_Martyr__Edward_the_Martyr__St_Edward_the_Martyr #Edwy__Eadwig #George_I #George_II #George_III #George_IV #George_V #George_VI #King_Harold_I__Harold_I__Harold_Harefoot__Harefoot #King_Harold_II__Harold_II #Henry_I__Henry_Beauclerc #Henry_II #Henry_III #Henry_IV__Bolingbroke__Henry_Bolingbroke #Henry_V #Henry_VI #Henry_VII__Henry_Tudor #Henry_VIII #James_I #James_II #John_Lackland__John #Richard_I__Richard_Coeur_de_Lion__Richard_the_Lion-Heart__Richard_the_Lion-Hearted #Richard_II #Richard_III #William_I__William_the_Conqueror #William_II__William_Rufus #William_III__William_of_Orange #William_IV__The_Sailor_King
subtype: #King_of_France the sovereign ruler of France
instance: #Hugh_Capet__Capet #Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald #Charles_VII #Charles_IX #Henry_II.King_of_France__henryii #Louis_I__Louis_the_Pious #Louis_II__Louis_le_Begue__Louis_the_Stammerer #Louis_III #Louis_IV__Louis_d'Outremer #Louis_V__Louis_le_Faineant #Louis_VI__Louis_the_Far__Louis_the_Wideawake__Louis_the_Bruiser #Louis_VII #Louis_VIII #Louis_IX__Saint_Louis__St_Louis #Louis_X__Louis_le_Hutin__Louis_the_Quarreller #Louis_XI #Louis_XII #Louis_XIII #Louis_XIV__Sun_King__Louis_the_Great #Louis_XV #Louis_XVI
subtype: #Rameses__Ramesses__Ramses any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC
instance: #Rameses_II__Ramesses_II__Ramses_II__Rameses_the_Great__Ramesses_the_Great__Ramses_the_Great
instance: #Ahab #Akhenaton__Akhenaten__Ikhanaton__Amenhotep_IV #Alaric #Alfred_the_Great__Alfred__AElfred #Artaxerxes_I #Artaxerxes_II #Ashurbanipal__Assurbanipal__Asurbanipal #Athelstan #Attila__Scourge_of_God__Scourge_of_the_Gods #Robert_the_Bruce__Bruce__Robert_I #Carl_XVI_Gustav__carlxvigustav #Clovis_I__Clovis #Croesus.male_monarch__croesu #Cyrus_II__Cyrus_the_Elder__Cyrus_the_Great #Darius_I__Darius_the_Great #Darius_III #David #Edmund_I #Edmund_II__Edmund_Ironside #Edward_the_Elder #Edwin #Egbert #Ethelbert #Ethelred_I__Ethelred #Ethelred_the_Unready__Ethelred__Ethelred_II #Fahd_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Fahd #Faisal_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Faisal #Farouk_I__Faruk_I #Ferdinand_the_Great__Ferdinand_I #Ferdinand_V__Ferdinand_the_Catholic #Frederick_I #Frederick_the_Great__Frederick_II #Frederick_William_I #Frederick_William_II #Frederick_William_III #Frederick_William_Iv #Genseric__Gaiseric #Gilgamesh #Gordius #Gustavus_I__Gustavus #Gustavus_Adolphus__Gustavus__Gustavus_II #Gustavus_V #Hammurabi__Hammurapi #Herod_the_Great__Herod #Hezekiah__Ezekias #ibn_Talal_Hussein__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__King_Hussein #Jeroboam_I__Jeroboam #Juan_Carlos_Victor_Maria_de_Borbon_y_Borbon__Juan_Carlos #Kamehameha_I__Kamehameha_the_Great #Leonidas #Macbeth #Mithridates_the_Great__Mithridates__Mithridates_VI #Nebuchadnezzar_II__Nebuchadnezzar__Nebuchadrezzar__Nebuchadrezzar_II #Olaf_II__Olav_II__Saint_Olaf__Saint_Olav__St_Olaf__St_Olav #Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great #Philip_II #Philip_II.male_monarch__philipii #Pyrrhus #Saul #Sennacherib #Solomon #Tarquin_the_Proud__Tarquin__Tarquinius__Tarquinius_Superbus__Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus #Victor_Emanuel_II #Victor_Emanuel_III #Xerxes_I__Xerxes_the_Great
subtype: #shah title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran
instance: #Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi__Pahlavi__Pahlevi__Mohammed_Reza_Pahlevi
subtype: #Hanoverian any of the British sovereigns belonging to the House of Hanover
instance: #George_I #George_II #George_III #George_IV #Queen_Victoria__Victoria
subtype: #personal_representative__personalrepresentative a person who manages the affairs of another
subtype: #legal_representative__legalrepresentative a personal representative with legal standing (as by power of attorney or the executor of a will)
subtype: #resident_commissioner the representative of Puerto Rico in the United States House of Representatives
subtype: #union_representative__unionrepresentative a representative for a labor union
subtype: #labor_organizer__labororganizer__organizer someone who enlists workers to join a union
instance: #Eugene_Victor_Debs__Debs__Eugene_V._Debs
subtype: #shop_steward__steward a union member who is elected to represent fellow workers in negotiating with management
subtype: #walking_delegate__walkingdelegate a union representative who visits workers at their jobs to see whether agreements are observed
subtype: #settler.negotiator a negotiator who settles disputes
subtype: #persuader__inducer someone who tries to persuade or induce or lead on
subtype: #lobbyist someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor
subtype: #wheedler__coaxer someone who tries to persuade by blandishment and coaxing
subtype: #popularizer__populariser__vulgarizer__vulgariser someone who makes attractive to the general public
subtype: #presenter someone who presents a message of some sort (as a petition or an address or a check or a memorial etc.)
subtype: #promisee a person to whom a promise is made
subtype: #promiser__promisor a person who makes a promise
subtype: #vower someone who makes a solemn promise to do something or behave in a certain way; "young vowers of eternal love"; "there are many vowers of chastity but few who observe it"
subtype: #propagandist a person who disseminates messages calculated to assist some cause or some government
subtype: #sloganeer someone who coins and uses slogans to promote a cause
instance: #Paul_Joseph_Goebbels__Goebbels__Joseph_Goebbels
subtype: #disseminator__propagator someone who spreads the news
subtype: #publicist__publicizer someone who publicizes
subtype: #advertiser__advertizer__adman someone whose business is advertising
subtype: #huckster a person who writes radio or tv advertisements
subtype: #promoter__booster__plugger someone who is an active supporter and advocate
subtype: #barker someone who stands in front of a show (as at a carnival) and gives a loud colorful sales talk to potential customers
subtype: #tout__touter someone who advertises for customers in an especially brazen way
subtype: #press_agent__publicity_man__publicityman__public_relations_man__PR_man someone employed to arrange publicity (for a firm or a public figure)
subtype: #sensationalist__ballyhoo_artist someone who uses exaggerated or lurid material in order to gain public attention
subtype: #quoter a communicator (speaker or writer) who uses quotations
subtype: #rambler a person whose speech or writing is not well organized
subtype: #reporter__newsman__newsperson a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories
subtype: #newswoman a female newsperson
subtype: #television_reporter__television_newscaster__TV_reporter__TV_newsman someone who reports news stories via television
subtype: #anchorman__anchor__anchorperson a television reporter who coordinates a broadcast to which several correspondents contribute
subtype: #responder__respondent__answerer someone who responds
subtype: #equivocator__hedger a respondent who avoids giving a clear direct answer
subtype: #interviewee a person who is interviewed
subtype: #don't-know__don'tknow (colloquial) a person who responds "I don't know" in public opinion poll
subtype: #testee__examinee someone who is tested (as by an intelligence test or an academic examination)
subtype: #passer a student who passes and examination
subtype: #roarer__bawler__bellower__screamer__screecher__shouter__yeller someone who communicates vocally in a very loud voice
subtype: #crier a shouter who advertises the goods they sell
subtype: #sender__transmitter someone who transmits a message; "return to sender"
subtype: #signaler__signaller someone who communicates by signals
subtype: #signalman a railroad employee in charge of signals and point in a railroad yard
subtype: #toller__bell_ringer__bellringer__ringer a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
subtype: #whistler makes a loud high sound
subtype: #signer someone who can use sign language to communicate
subtype: #swearer someone who takes a solemn oath
subtype: #sympathizer commiserates with someone who has had misfortune
subtype: #Job's_comforter someone whose comfort is actually discouraging
subtype: #mental_telepathist__telepathist__thoughtreader__mind_reader someone with the power of communicating thoughts directly
subtype: #waffler someone who speaks or writes in a vague and evasive manner
subtype: #warner someone who gives a warning to others
subtype: #waver.communicator someone who communicates by waving
subtype: #wirer someone who sends a telegram
subtype: #professional_writer__writer__author writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)
subtype: #abstractor__abstracter one who makes abstracts or summarizes information
subtype: #alliterator a speaker or writer who makes use of alliteration
subtype: #authoress__authores a woman author
subtype: #biographer someone who writes an account of another person's life
subtype: #autobiographer someone who writes their own biography
instance: #Plutarch #Giles_Lytton_Strachey__Strachey__Lytton_Strachey
subtype: #coauthor__joint_author__jointauthor a writer who collaborates with others in writing something
subtype: #commentator a writer who reports and analyzes events of the day
subtype: #contributor a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book
subtype: #drafter a writer of a draft
subtype: #dramatist__playwright someone who writes plays
instance: #Aeschylus #Edward_Albee__Albee__Edward_Franklin_Albeen #Maxwell_Anderson__Anderson #Jean_Anouilh__Anouilh #Aristophanes #Sir_James_Matthew_Barrie__Barrie__James_Barrie__J._M._Barrie__James_Matthew_Barrie #Samuel_Beckett__Beckett #Bertolt_Brecht__Brecht #Pedro_Calderon_de_la_Barca__Calderon__Calderon_de_la_Barca #Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra__Cervantes__Miguel_de_Cervantes__Cervantes_Saavedra #Anton_Pavlovich_Chekhov__Chekhov__Chekov__Anton_Chekhov__Anton_Chekov__Anton_Pavlovich_Chekov #Pierre_Corneille__Corneille #Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward #Russel_Crouse__Crouse #John_Dryden__Dryden #Euripides #Christopher_Fry__Fry #Frederico_Garcia_Lorca__Garcia_Lorca__Lorca #Hippolyte_Jean_Giraudoux__Giraudoux__Jean_Giraudoux #Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe #Carlo_Goldoni__Goldoni #Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker #Moss_Hart__Hart #Vaclav_Havel__Havel #Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel__Hebbel__Friedrich_Hebbel #Lillian_Hellman__Hellman #Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo #Henrik_Ibsen__Ibsen #William_Inge__Inge #Eugene_Ionesco__Ionesco__ionesco #Benjamin_Jonson__Jonson__Ben_Jonson #George_Simon_Kaufman__Kaufman__George_S._Kaufman #Bernd_Heinrich_Wilhelm_von_Kleist__Kleist__Heinrich_von_Kleist #Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing__Lessing #Howard_Lindsay__Lindsay #Clare_Booth_Luce__Luce #Count_Maurice_Maeterlinck__Maeterlinck #David_Mamet__Mamet #Christopher_Marlowe__Marlowe #John_Marstan__Marstan #Menander #Thomas_Middleton__Middleton #Arthur_Miller__Miller #Moliere__Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin #Ferenc_Molnar__Molnar #Sean_O'Casey__O'Casey__o'casey #Clifford_Odets__Odets #Eugene_Gladstone_O'Neill__O'Neill__Eugene_O'Neill #John_James_Osborne__Osborne__John_Osborne #Titus_Maccius_Plautus__Plautus #Sir_Terence_Mervyn_Rattigan__Rattigan__Terence_Rattigan #Elmer_Leopold_Rice__Rice__Elmer_Rice__Elmer_Reizenstein #Esme_Stuart_Lennox_Robinson__Robinson__Lennox_Robinson #Augustin_Eugene_Scribe__Scribe #Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca__Seneca #William_Shakespeare__Shakespeare__Shakspere__William_Shakspere__the_bard__thebard #George_Bernard_Shaw__Shaw__G._B._Shaw #Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan__Sheridan #Robert_Emmet_Sherwood__Sherwood #Marvin_Neil_Simon__Simon__Neil_Simon #Sophocles #Sir_Tom_Stoppard__Stoppard__Tom_Stoppard__Thomas_Straussler #Johan_August_Strindberg__Strindberg__August_Strindberg #Edmund_John_Millington_Synge__Synge__J._M._Synge__John_Millington_Synge #Terence__Publius_Terentius_Afer #Tirso_de_Molina__Gabriel_Tellez #Peter_Alexander_Ustinov__Ustinov__Sir_Peter_Ustinov #Lope_de_Vega__Vega #Thornton_Niven_Wilder__Wilder__Thornton_Wilder #Thomas_Lanier_Williams__Williams__Tennessee_Williams #William_Wycherley__Wycherley #William_Butler_Yeats__Yeats__W._B._Yeats
subtype: #encyclopedist__compiler a person who compiles (or writes for) encyclopedias
subtype: #essayist__litterateur a writer of literary works
instance: #Charles_Lamb__Lamb__Elia
subtype: #folk_writer a writer of folktales
subtype: #folk_poet a folk writer who composes in verse
subtype: #framer someone who writes a new law or plan; "the framers of the Constitution"
subtype: #gagster__gagman__gagwriter someone who writes comic material for public performers
subtype: #ghostwriter__ghost a writer who gives the credit of authorship to someone else
subtype: #Gothic_romancer__gothicromancer a writer of Gothic romances
subtype: #literary_hack__hack__hack_writer a mediocre and disdained writer
subtype: #journalist a writer for newspapers and magazines
subtype: #broadcast_journalist__broadcastjournalist a journalist who broadcasts on radio or television
subtype: #columnist a journalist who writes editorials
subtype: #gossip_columnist a journalist who writes a column of gossip about celebrities
subtype: #newspaper_columnist__newspapercolumnist a columnist who writes for newspapers
subtype: #newspaper_critic__newspapercritic a critic who writes a column for the newspapers
subtype: #correspondent__newspaperman__newspaperwoman__newswriter__pressman a journalist employed to provide news stories for newspapers or broadcast media
subtype: #scribe__scribbler informal terms for journalists
subtype: #sob_sister__sobsister a journalist who specializes in sentimental stories
subtype: #sports_writer a journalist who writes about sports
instance: #Alfred_Alistair_Cooke__Cooke__Alistair_Cooke #Elizabeth_Merriwether_Gilmer__Gilmer__Dorothy_Dix #Horace_Greeley__Greeley__greeley #Edgar_Albert_Guest__Guest__Edgar_Guest #Walter_Lippmann__Lippmann #Henry_Louis_Mencken__Mencken__H._L._Mencken #John_Reed__Reed #Elizabeth_Cochrane_Seaman__Seaman__Elizabeth_Seaman__Nellie_Bly #William_Lawrence_Shirer__Shirer #Sir_Henry_Morton_Stanley__Stanley__Henry_M._Stanley__John_Rowlands #Joseph_Lincoln_Steffens__Steffens__Lincoln_Steffens #Isidor_Feinstein_Stone__Stone__I._F._Stone #Theodore_Harold_White__White__T._H._White #Alexander_Woollcott__Woollcott
subtype: #librettist author of words to be set to music in an opera or operetta
instance: #William_Schwenk_Gilbert__Gilbert__William_Gilbert__Sir_William_Gilbert
subtype: #lyricist a person who writes the words for songs
instance: #Ira_Gershwin__Gershwin #Oscar_Hammerstein_II__Hammerstein__Oscar_Hammerstein #Lorenz_Milton_Hart__Hart__Lorenz_Hart #Alan_Jay_Lerner__Lerner #Timothy_Miles_Bindon_Rice__Rice__Sir_Tim_Rice
subtype: #novelist someone who writes novels
instance: #James_Agee__Agee #Louisa_May_Alcott__Alcott #Honore_de_Balzac__Balzac__Honore_Balzac #William_Cuthbert_Faulkner__Faulkner__William_Faulkner__Falkner__William_Falkner #Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe #Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo #Harry_Sinclair_Lewis__Lewis__Sinclair_Lewis #George_Meredith__Meredith #Marcel_Proust__Proust #Emile_Zola__Zola
subtype: #pamphleteer a writer of pamphlets (usually taking a partisan stand on public issues)
instance: #Thomas_Paine__Paine__Tom_Paine
subtype: #paragrapher a writer of paragraphs (as for publication on the editorial page of a newspaper)
subtype: #poet a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)
subtype: #bard.poet a lyric poet
subtype: #elegist the author of a mournful poem lamenting the dead
subtype: #poetess__poetes a woman poet
instance: #Edna_Saint_Vincent_Millay__Millay__Edna_Millay #Sappho
subtype: #Poet_Laureate the poet officially appointed to the Royal Household in Great Britain; "the Poet Laureate is expected to provide poems for great national occasions"
subtype: #sonneteer a poet who writes sonnets
instance: #Alcaeus #Guillaume_Apollinaire__Apollinaire__Wilhelm_Apollinaris_de_Kostrowitzki #Matthew_Arnold__Arnold #Jean_Arp__Arp__Hans_Arp #Wystan_Hugh_Auden__Auden__W._H._Auden #Charles_Pierre_Baudelaire__Baudelaire__Charles_Baudelaire #William_Blake__Blake #Giovanni_Boccaccio__Boccaccio #Bertolt_Brecht__Brecht #Rupert_Brooke__Brooke #Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning__Browning #Robert_Browning__Browning #Robert_Burns__Burns #Sixth_Baron_Byron_of_Rochdale__Byron__Lord_Byron__George_Gordon_Byron #Pedro_Calderon_de_la_Barca__Calderon__Calderon_de_la_Barca #Giosue_Carducci__Carducci #Thomas_Carew__Carew #Gaius_Valerius_Catullus__Catullus #Geoffrey_Chaucer__Chaucer #John_Anthony_Ciardi__Ciardi__John_Ciardi #Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge__Coleridge #Pierre_Corneille__Corneille #Harold_Hart_Crane__Crane__Hart_Crane #Cynewulf__Cynwulf #Dante_Alighieri__Dante #Walter_John_de_la_Mare__de_la_Mare__Walter_de_la_Mare #Emily_Dickinson__Dickinson #John_Donne__Donne #John_Dryden__Dryden #Thomas_Stearns_Eliot__Eliot__T._S._Eliot #Edward_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald #Robert_Lee_Frost__Frost__Robert_Frost #Frederico_Garcia_Lorca__Garcia_Lorca__Lorca #William_Schwenk_Gilbert__Gilbert__William_Gilbert__Sir_William_Gilbert #Allen_Ginsberg__Ginsberg #Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe #Thomas_Gray__Gray #Robert_Herrick__Herrick #Hesiod #Hugo_von_Hoffmannsthal__Hoffmannsthal #James_Hogg__Hogg #Homer #Gerard_Manley_Hopkins__Hopkins #Horace #Alfred_Edward_Housman__Housman__A._E._Housman #Edward_James_Hughes__Hughes__Ted_Hughes #Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo #Henrik_Ibsen__Ibsen #Randall_Jarrell__Jarrell #John_Robinson_Jeffers__Jeffers__Robinson_Jeffers #Juan_Ramon_Jimenez__Jimenez #Benjamin_Jonson__Jonson__Ben_Jonson #Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt__Karlfeldt #John_Keats__Keats #Francis_Scott_Key__Key #Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock__Klopstock #Nicholas_Vachel_Lindsay__Lindsay__Vachel_Lindsay #Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow__Longfellow #Richard_Lovelace__Lovelace #Amy_Lowell__Lowell #Robert_Traill_Spence_Lowell_Jr.__Lowell__Robert_Lowell #Titus_Lucretius_Carus__Lucretius #Archibald_MacLeish__MacLeish #Stephane_Mallarme__Mallarme #Osip_Emilevich_Mandelstam__Mandelstam__Osip_Mandelstam__Mandelshtam #Giambattista_Marini__Marini__Marino__Giambattista_Marino #Christopher_Marlowe__Marlowe #Jose_Julian_Marti__Marti #Martial #Andrew_Marvell__Marvell__marvell #John_Edward_Masefield__Masefield__John_Masefield #Edgar_Lee_Masters__Masters #Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Mayakovski__Mayakovski #George_Meredith__Meredith #John_Milton__Milton #Marianne_Craig_Moore__Moore__Marianne_Moore #Thomas_Moore__Moore #William_Morris__Morris #Louis_Charles_Alfred_de_Musset__Musset__Alfred_de_Musset #Alfred_Noyes__Noyes #Omar_Khayyam #Ovid__Publius_Ovidius_Naso #Francis_Turner_Palgrave__Palgrave #Petrarch__Petrarca__Francesco_Petrarca #Pindar #Ezra_Loomis_Pound__Pound__Ezra_Pound #Aleksandr_Sergeyevich_Pushkin__Pushkin__Alexander_Pushkin #James_Whitcomb_Riley__Riley #Rainer_Maria_Rilke__Rilke #Jean_Nicholas_Arthur_Rimbaud__Rimbaud__Arthur_Rimbaud #Edwin_Arlington_Robinson__Robinson #Alan_Seeger__Seeger #Anne_Sexton__Sexton #William_Shakespeare__Shakespeare__Shakspere__William_Shakspere__the_bard__thebard #Percy_Bysshe_Shelley__Shelley #Taras_Grigoryevich_Shevchenko__Shevchenko #Sir_Philip_Sidney__Sidney #Dame_Edith_Louisa_Sitwell__Sitwell__Dame_Edith_Sitwell #Robert_Southey__Southey #Sir_Stephen_Harold_Spender__Spender__Stephen_Spender #Edmund_Spenser__Spenser #Wallace_Stevens__Stevens #Sir_John_Suckling__Suckling #Algernon_Charles_Swinburne__Swinburne #Arthur_Symons__Symons #Torquato_Tasso__Tasso #John_Orley_Allen_Tate__Tate__Allen_Tate #Sara_Teasdale__Teasdale #First_Baron_Tennyson__Tennyson__Alfred_Tennyson__Alfred_Lord_Tennyson #Thespis #Dylan_Marlais_Thomas__Thomas__Dylan_Thomas #John_Trumbull__Trumbull #Tristan_Tzara__Tzara__Samuel_Rosenstock #Johann_Ludwig_Uhland__Uhland #Paul_Verlaine__Verlaine #Francois_Villon__Villon #Virgil__Vergil__Publius_Vergilius_Maro #Andrei_Voznesenski__Voznesenski #Robert_Penn_Warren__Warren #Isaac_Watts__Watts #Phillis_Wheatley__Wheatley #Walt_Whitman__Whitman #John_Greenleaf_Whittier__Whittier #William_Carlos_Williams__Williams #William_Wordsworth__Wordsworth #Sir_Thomas_Wyatt__Wyatt__Wyat__Sir_Thomas_Wyat #Elinor_Morton_Hoyt_Wylie__Wylie #William_Butler_Yeats__Yeats__W._B._Yeats #Yevgeni_Aleksandrovich_Yevtushenko__Yevtushenko__Yevgeni_Yevtushenko #Edward_Young__Young
subtype: #rhymer__rhymester__versifier__poetizer a writer who composes rhymes; a maker of poor verses (usually used as terms of contempt for minor or inferior poets)
subtype: #scenarist a writer of screenplays
subtype: #scriptwriter someone who writes scripts for plays or movies or broadcast dramas
subtype: #screenwriter__film_writer someone who writes screenplays
instance: #George_Lucas__Lucas #Dalton_Trumbo__Trumbo
subtype: #space_writer__spacewriter a writer paid by the area of the copy
subtype: #speechwriter a writer who composes speeches for others to deliver
subtype: #tragedian a writer (especially a playwright) who writes tragedies
instance: #Jean_Baptiste_Racine__Racine__Jean_Racine
subtype: #wordmonger a writer who uses language carelessly or pretentiously with little regard for meaning
subtype: #word-painter a writer of vivid or graphic descriptive power
subtype: #wordsmith a fluent and prolific writer
instance: #Horatio_Alger__Alger #Hans_Christian_Andersen__Andersen #Sherwood_Anderson__Anderson #Louis_Aragon__Aragon #Sholem_Asch__Asch__Shalom_Asch__Sholom_Asch #Jane_Austen__Austen #Imamu_Amiri_Baraka__Baraka__LeRoi_Jones #Samuel_Beckett__Beckett #Sir_Henry_Maxmilian_Beerbohm__Beerbohm__Max_Beerbohm #Ambrose_Gwinett_Bierce__Bierce__Ambrose_Bierce #Jorge_Luis_Borges__Borges__Jorge_Borges #James_Boswell__Boswell #Ray_Douglas_Bradbury__Bradbury__Ray_Bradbury #Charlotte_Bronte__Bronte #Emily_Jane_Bronte__Bronte__Emily_Bronte__Currer_Bell #Anne_Bronte__Bronte #Charles_Farrar_Browne__Browne__Artemus_Ward #Pearl_Sydenstricker_Buck__Buck__Pearl_Buck #John_Bunyan__Bunyan #Frances_Eliza_Hodgson_Burnett__Burnett__burnett__franceshodgsonburnett #Edgar_Rice_Burroughs__Burroughs #William_Burroughs__Burroughs__William_Seward_Burroughs #James_Branch_Cabell__Cabell #Erskine_Preston_Caldwell__Caldwell__Erskine_Caldwell #Albert_Camus__Camus #Lewis_Carroll__Carroll__Dodgson__Reverend_Dodgson__Charles_Dodgson__Charles_Lutwidge_Dodgson #Willa_Sibert_Cather__Cather__Willa_Cather #Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra__Cervantes__Miguel_de_Cervantes__Cervantes_Saavedra #Raymond_Thornton_Chandler__Chandler__Raymond_Chandler #Francois_Rene_Chateaubriand__Chateaubriand__Vicomte_de_Chateaubriand #Gilbert_Keith_Chesterton__Chesterton__G._K._Chesterton #Dame_Agatha_Mary_Clarissa_Christie__Christie__Agatha_Christie #Sir_Winston_Leonard_Spenser_Churchill__Churchill__Winston_Churchill__Winston_S._Churchill #Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens__Clemens__Mark_Twain #Jean_Cocteau__Cocteau #Sidonie_Gabrielle_Claudine_Colette__Colette #William_Wilkie_Collins__Collins__Wilkie_Collins #Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle__Conan_Doyle__A._Conan_Doyle__Arthur_Conan_Doyle #Joseph_Conrad__Conrad__Teodor_Josef_Konrad_Korzeniowski #James_Fenimore_Cooper__Cooper #Stephen_Crane__Crane #Edward_Estlin_Cummings__Cummings__e._e._cummings #Clarence_Shepard_Day_Jr.__Day__Clarence_Day #Daniel_Defoe__Defoe #Thomas_De_Quincey__De_Quincey #Charles_John_Huffam_Dickens__Dickens__Charles_Dickens #John_Dos_Passos__Dos_Passos #Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Dostoyevsky__Dostoevski__Dostoevsky__Feodor_Dostoyevsky__Fyodor_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Dostoevski__Feodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky #Theodore_Herman_Albert_Dreiser__Dreiser__Theodore_Dreiser #Alexandre_Dumas__Dumas #Dame_Daphne_du_Maurier__du_Maurier #Lawrence_George_Durrell__Durrell__Lawrence_Durrell #Ilya_Grigorievich_Ehrenberg__Ehrenberg__Ilya_Ehrenberg #George_Eliot__Eliot__Mary_Ann_Evans #Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__Emerson #James_Thomas_Farrell__Farrell #Edna_Ferber__Ferber #Henry_Fielding__Fielding #Francis_Scott_Key_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald__F._Scott_Fitzgerald #Gustave_Flaubert__Flaubert #Ian_Lancaster_Fleming__Fleming__Ian_Fleming #Ford_Hermann_Hueffer__Ford__Ford_Madox_Ford #Cecil_Scott_Forester__Forester__C._S._Forester #Anatole_France__France__Jacques_Anatole_Francois_Thibault #Benjamin_Franklin__Franklin #Carlos_Fuentes__Fuentes #Emile_Gaboriau__Gaboriau #John_Galsworthy__Galsworthy #Erle_Stanley_Gardner__Gardner #Elizabeth_Cleghorn_Stevenson_Gaskell__Gaskell__Elizabeth_Gaskell #Theodor_Seuss_Geisel__Geisel__Dr._Seuss #Jean_Genet__Genet #Kahlil_Gibran__Gibran #Karl_Gjellerup__Gjellerup #Nikolai_Vasilievich_Gogol__Gogol #Sir_William_Gerald_Golding__Golding__William_Golding #Oliver_Goldsmith__Goldsmith #Edmond_Louis_Antoine_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Edmond_de_Goncourt #Jules_Alfred_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Jules_de_Goncourt #Nadine_Gordimer__Gordimer #Maksim_Gorky__Gorky__Gorki__Maxim_Gorki__Aleksey_Maksimovich_Peshkov__Aleksey_Maximovich_Peshkov #Kenneth_Grahame__Grahame #Gunter_Wilhelm_Grass__Grass__Gunter_Grass #Robert_Ranke_Graves__Graves__Robert_Graves #Henry_Graham_Greene__Greene__Graham_Greene #Zane_Grey__Grey #Jakob_Ludwig_Karl_Grimm__Grimm #Wilhelm_Karl_Grimm__Grimm #Hagard__Rider_Haggard__Sir_Henry_Rider_Haggard #Elizabeth_Sanderson_Haldane__elizabethsandersonhaldane__Haldane__Elizabeth_Haldane #Edward_Everett_Hale__Hale #Alex_Haley__Haley #Marguerite_Radclyffe_Hall__Hall__Radclyffe_Hall #Samuel_Dashiell_Hammett__Hammett__Dashiell_Hammett #Knut_Hamsun__Hamsun__Knut_Pedersen #Thomas_Hardy__Hardy #James_Thomas_Harris__Harris__Frank_Harris #Bret_Harte__Harte #Nathaniel_Hawthorne__Hawthorne #Ben_Hecht__Hecht #Robert_Anson_Heinlein__Heinlein #Joseph_Heller__Heller #Ernest_Hemingway__Hemingway #Hermann_Hesse__Hesse #Paul_Johann_Ludwig_von_Heyse__Heyse__Paul_Heyse #DuBois_Heyward__Heyward__Edwin_DuBois_Hayward #Thomas_Wentworth_Storrow_Higginson__Higginson__Thomas_Higginson #Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann__Hoffmann__E._T._A._Hoffmann__Ernst_Theodor_Wilhelm_Hoffmann #Oliver_Wendell_Holmes__Holmes #William_Dean_Howells__Howells #Edmond_Hoyle__Hoyle #James_Langston_Hughes__Hughes__Langston_Hughes #James_Henry_Leigh_Hunt__Hunt__Leigh_Hunt #Aldous_Leonard_Huxley__Huxley__Aldous_Huxley #John_Irving__Irving #Washington_Irving__Irving #Christopher_William_Bradshaw_Isherwood__Isherwood__Christopher_Isherwood #Helen_Maria_Fiske_Hunt_Jackson__Jackson__Helen_Hunt_Jackson #Jane_Jacobs__Jacobs #William_Wymark_Jacobs__Jacobs__W._W._Jacobs #Henry_James__James #Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen__Jensen #Samuel_Johnson__Johnson__Dr._Johnson #James_Augustine_Aloysius_Joyce__Joyce__James_Joyce #Franz_Kafka__Kafka #Helen_Adams_Keller__Keller__Helen_Keller #Jean-Louis_Lebris_de_Kerouac__Kerouac__Jack_Kerouac #Ken_Elton_Kesey__Kesey__Ken_Kesey #Joseph_Rudyard_Kipling__Kipling__Rudyard_Kipling #Arthur_Koestler__Koestler #Jean_de_La_Fontaine__La_Fontaine #Ringgold_Wilmer_Lardner__Lardner__Ring_Lardner #Francois_de_La_Rochefoucauld__La_Rochefoucauld #David_Herbert_Lawrence__Lawrence__D._H._Lawrence #Thomas_Edward_Lawrence__Lawrence__T._E._Lawrence__Lawrence_of_Arabia #John_le_Carre__le_Carre__David_John_Moore_Cornwell #Elmore_John_Leonard__Leonard__Elmore_Leonard__Dutch_Leonard #Mikhail_Yurievich_Lermontov__Lermontov #Clive_Staples_Lewis__Lewis__C._S._Lewis #Jack_London__London__John_Griffith_Chaney #Clarence_Malcolm_Lowry__Lowry__Malcolm_Lowry #John_Lyly__Lyly #Edward_George_Earle_Bulwer-Lytton__Lytton__First_Baron_Lytton__Bulwer-Lytton #Norman_Mailer__Mailer #Bernard_Malamud__Malamud #Sir_Thomas_Malory__Malory__Thomas_Malory #Andre_Malraux__Malraux #Thomas_Mann__Mann #Kathleen_Mansfield_Beauchamp__Mansfield__Katherine_Mansfield #John_Philip_Marquand__Marquand__John_Marquand #Ngaio_Marsh__Marsh #Alfred_Edward_Woodley_Mason__Mason__A._E._W._Mason #William_Somerset_Maugham__Maugham__Somerset_Maugham__W._Somerset_Maugham #Henri_Rene_Albert_Guy_de_Maupassant__Maupassant__Guy_de_Maupassant #Andre_Maurois__Maurois__Emile_Herzog #Carson_Smith_McCullers__McCullers__Carson_McCullers #Herbert_Marshall_McLuhan__McLuhan__Marshall_McLuhan #Herman_Melville__Melville #Thomas_Merton__Merton #Henry_Valentine_Miller__Miller__Henry_Miller #Alan_Alexander_Milne__Milne__A._A._Milne #Margaret_Munnerlyn_Mitchell__Mitchell__Margaret_Mitchell #Nancy_Freeman_Mitford__Mitford__Nancy_Mitford #Jessica_Lucy_Mitford__Mitford__Jessica_Mitford #Michel_Eyquem_Montaigne__Montaigne__Michel_Montaigne #Lucy_Maud_Montgomery__Montgomery__L._M._Montgomery #Sir_Thomas_More__More__Thomas_More #Toni_Morrison__Morrison #Hector_Hugh_Munro__Munro__H._H._Munro__Saki #Dame_Jean_Iris_Murdoch__Murdoch__Iris_Murdoch #Louis_Charles_Alfred_de_Musset__Musset__Alfred_de_Musset #Vladimir_vladimirovich_Nabokov__Nabokov__Vladimir_Nabokov #Ogden_Nash__Nash #Sir_Harold_George_Nicolson__Nicolson__Harold_Nicolson #Benjamin_Franklin_Norris_Jr.__Norris__Frank_Norris #Joyce_Carol_Oates__Oates #Edna_O'Brien__O'Brien__o'brien #Mary_Flannery_O'Connor__O'Connor__Flannery_O'Connor #Liam_O'Flaherty__O'Flaherty #John_Henry_O'Hara__O'Hara #Philip_Michael_Ondaatje__Ondaatje__Michael_Ondaatje #Baroness_Emmusca_Orczy__Orczy #George_Orwell__Orwell__Eric_Arthur_Blair #Thomas_Nelson_Page__Page #Dorothy_Rothschild_Parker__Parker__Dorothy_Parker #Boris_Leonidovich_Pasternak__Pasternak__Boris_Pasternak #Alan_Stewart_Paton__Paton__Alan_Paton #William_Sydney_Porter__Porter__O._Henry #Ezra_Loomis_Pound__Pound__Ezra_Pound #Ayn_Rand__Rand #Kenneth_Roberts__Roberts #Anna_Eleanor_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Eleanor_Roosevelt #Jean-Jacques_Rousseau__Rousseau #Alfred_Damon_Runyon__Runyon__Damon_Runyon #Ahmed_Salman_Rushdie__Rushdie__Salman_Rushdie #Comte_Donatien_Alphonse_Francois_de_Sade__Sade__de_Sade__Marquis_de_Sade #Jerome_David_Salinger__Salinger__J._D._Salinger #George_Sand__Sand__Amandine_Aurore_Lucie_Dupin__Baroness_Dudevant #Carl_Sandburg__Sandburg #William_Saroyan__Saroyan #Jean_Paul_Sartre__Sartre #Dorothy_Leigh_Sayers__Sayers__Dorothy_Sayers__Dorothy_L._Sayers #Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_von_Schiller__Schiller #Sir_Walter_Scott__Scott__Walter_Scott #Robert_William_Service__Service #George_Bernard_Shaw__Shaw__G._B._Shaw #Mary_Godwin_Wollstonecraft_Shelley__Shelley__Mary_Shelley__Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley #Nevil_Shute_Norway__Shute__Nevil_Shute #Georges_Joseph_Christian_Simenon__Simenon__Georges_Simenon #Upton_Beall_Sinclair__Sinclair__Upton_Sinclair #Isaac_Bashevis_Singer__Singer #Tobias_George_Smollett__Smollett__Tobias_Smollett #Baron_Snow_of_Leicester__Snow__C._P._Snow__Charles_Percy_Snow #Alexander_Isayevich_Solzhenitsyn__Solzhenitsyn #Susan_Sontag__Sontag #Muriel_Sarah_Spark__Spark__Muriel_Spark__Dame_Muriel_Spark #Frank_Morrison_Spillane__Spillane__Mickey_Spillane #Madame_de_Stael__Stael__Baronne_Anne_Louise_Germaine_Necker_de_Steal-Holstein #Sir_Richrd_Steele__Steele #Gertrude_Stein__Stein #John_Ernst_Steinbeck__Steinbeck__John_Steinbeck #Stendhal__Marie_Henri_Beyle #Sir_Leslie_Stephen__Stephen #Laurence_Sterne__Sterne #Robert_Louis_Balfour_Stevenson__Stevenson__Robert_Louis_Stevenson #Francis_Richard_Stockton__Stockton__Frank_Stockton #Abraham_Stoker__Stoker__Bram_Stoker #Harriet_Elizabeth_Beecher_Stowe__Stowe__Harriet_Beecher_Stowe #William_Styron__Styron #Eugene_Sue__Sue #John_Addington_Symonds__Symonds #William_Makepeace_Thackeray__Thackeray #Henry_David_Thoreau__Thoreau #Alexis_Charles_Henri_Maurice_de_Tocqueville__Tocqueville #Alice_B._Toklas__Toklas #John_Ronald_Reuel_Tolkien__Tolkien__J._R._R._Tolkien #Count_Lev_Nikolayevitch_Tolstoy__Tolstoy__Leo_Tolstoy #Anthony_Trollope__Trollope #Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev__Turgenev #Louis_Untermeyer__Untermeyer #John_Hoyer_Updike__Updike__John_Updike #Carl_Clinton_Van_Doren__Van_Doren__Carl_Van_Doren #Mario_Vargas_Llosa__Vargas_Llosa #Jules_Verne__Verne #Eugene_Luther_Vidal__Vidal__Gore_Vidal #Voltaire__Arouet__Francois-Marie_Arouet #Kurt_Vonnegut__Vonnegut #John_Barrington_Wain__Wain__John_Wain #Alice_Malsenior_Walker__Walker__Alice_Walker #Richard_Horatio_Edgar_Wallace__Wallace__Edgar_Wallace #Horatio_Walpole__Walpole__Horace_Walpole__Fourth_Earl_of_Orford #Izaak_Walton__Walton #Mary_Augusta_Arnold_Ward__Ward__Mrs._Humphrey_Ward #Robert_Penn_Warren__Warren #Evelyn_Arthur_Saint_John_Waugh__Waugh__Evelyn_Waugh #Martha_Beatrice_Potter_Webb__Webb__Beatrice_Webb #Herbert_George_Wells__Wells__H._G._Wells #Eudora_Welty__Welty #Franz_Werfel__Werfel #Dame_Rebecca_West__West__Rebecca_West__Cicily_Isabel_Fairfield #Elwyn_Brooks_White__White__E._B._White #Patrick_Victor_Martindale_White__White__Patrick_White #Eliezer_Wiesel__Wiesel__Elie_Wiesel #Oscar_Fingal_O'Flahertie_Wills_Wilde__Wilde__Oscar_Wilde #Thornton_Niven_Wilder__Wilder__Thornton_Wilder #Angus_Frank_Johnstone_Wilson__Wilson__Sir_Angus_Wilson #Owen_Wister__Wister #Pelham_Grenville_Wodehouse__Wodehouse__P._G._Wodehouse #Thomas_Clayton_Wolfe__Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe #Thomas_Kennerly_Wolfe_Jr.__Wolfe__Tom_Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe #Mary_Wollstonecraft_Godwin__Wollstonecraft__Mary_Wollstonecraft #Ellen_Price_Wood__Wood__Mrs._Henry_Wood #Adeline_Virginia_Stephen_Woolf__Woolf__Virginia_Woolf #Herman_Wouk__Wouk #Richard_Wright__Wright #Willard_Huntington_Wright__Wright__S._S._Van_Dine #Israel_Zangwill__Zangwill #Stefan_Zweig__Zweig
subtype: #contestant a person who participates in competitions
subtype: #athlete__jock a person trained to compete in sports
subtype: #acrobat an athlete who performs acts requiring skill and agility and coordination
subtype: #aerialist an acrobat who performs in the air (as on a rope or trapeze)
subtype: #ropewalker__ropedancer an acrobat who performs on a rope stretched at some height above the ground
subtype: #balancer an acrobat who balances himself in difficult positions
subtype: #circus_acrobat a acrobat who performs acrobatic feats in a circus
subtype: #contortionist an acrobat able to twist into unusual positions
subtype: #amateur.athlete does not play for pay
subtype: #outdoor_man__outdoorman__sporting_man someone who enjoys outdoor activities
subtype: #ball_hawk an team athlete who is skilled at stealing or catching the ball
subtype: #ballplayer__baseball_player an athlete who plays baseball
subtype: #base_runner__runner a baseball player on the team at bat who is on base (or attempting to reach a base)
subtype: #slugger__batter__hitter__batsman a ballplayer who is batting
subtype: #bunter a batter who bunts
subtype: #designated_hitter a ballplayer who is designated to bat in place of the pitcher
subtype: #pinch_hitter__pinchhitter (baseball or softball) a substitute for the regular batter
subtype: #switch-hitter a baseball player who can bat either right or left handed
subtype: #whiffer a batter who strikes out by swinging at and missing the third strike
subtype: #fielder a member of the baseball team that is in the field instead of at bat
subtype: #infielder (baseball or softball) a person who plays a position in the infield
subtype: #catcher (baseball or softball) the person who plays the position of catcher
subtype: #first_baseman__firstbaseman__first_sacker__firstsacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays first base
subtype: #second_baseman__second_sacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays second base
subtype: #shortstop (baseball) the person who plays the shortstop position
subtype: #third_baseman__thirdbaseman__third_sacker__thirdsacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays third base
subtype: #outfielder (baseball or softball) a person who plays in the outfield
subtype: #right_fielder__rightfielder the person who plays right field
subtype: #center_fielder the person who plays center field
subtype: #left_fielder the person who plays left field
subtype: #little_leaguer a player between 8 and 12 years of age who is a member of a little-league team
subtype: #major_leaguer__majorleaguer__big_leaguer__bigleaguer a member of a major-league baseball team
subtype: #minor_leaguer__minorleaguer a player on a minor-league baseball team
subtype: #hurler__pitcher__twirler (baseball or softball) the person who does the pitching; "our pitcher has a sore arm"
subtype: #left-handed_pitcher__left-hander__lefty__southpaw a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand
subtype: #right-handed_pitcher__right-hander__righthander (baseball) a pitcher who throws with the left hand
subtype: #relief_pitcher__reliever__fireman a pitcher who does not start the game
subtype: #screwballer (baseball) a pitcher who throws screwballs
subtype: #starting_pitcher the pitcher who starts in a baseball game
subtype: #utility_man.ballplayer__utilityman a baseball player valued for the ability to play at several positions
instance: #Henry_Louis_Aaron__Aaron__Hank_Aaron #Lawrence_Peter_Berra__Berra__Yogi__Yogi_Berra #Joseph_Paul_DiMaggio__DiMaggio__Joe_DiMaggio #Henry_Louis_Gehrig__Gehrig__Lou_Gehrig #Mickey_Charles_Mantle__Mantle__Mickey_Mantle #Willie_Howard_Mays_Jr.__Mays__Willie_Mays__the_Say_Hey_Kid #John_Joseph_McGraw__McGraw__John_McGraw #Stanley_Frank_Musial__Musial__Stan_Musial__stanmusial__Stan_the_Man #Leroy_Robert_Paige__Paige__Satchel_Paige #Jack_Roosevelt_Robinson__Robinson__Jackie_Robinson #George_Herman_Ruth__Ruth__Babe_Ruth__Sultan_of_Swat #Theodore_Samuel_Williams__Williams__Ted_Williams #Carl_Yastrzemski__Yastrzemski #Danton_True_Young__Young__Cy_Young
subtype: #basketball_player__basketeer__cager an athlete who plays basketball
subtype: #center.basketball_player (basketball) the person who plays center
subtype: #dribbler a basketball player who is dribbling the ball to advance it
subtype: #dunker a basketball player who is able to make dunk shots
subtype: #forward.basketball_player the person who plays the position of forward on a basketball team
instance: #Julius_Winfield_Erving__Erving__Julius_Erving__Dr._J
subtype: #guard.basketball_player the person who plays the position of guard on a basketball team
subtype: #bounder__leaper__jumper an athlete who bounds or leaps (as in basketball)
subtype: #climber someone who climbs as a sport
subtype: #escalader someone who gains access by the use of ladders
subtype: #mountaineer__mountain_climber someone who climbs mountains
subtype: #rock_climber__cragsman a climber of vertical rock faces
subtype: #cricketer an athlete who plays cricket
subtype: #bowler.cricketer delivers the ball to the batsman in cricket
subtype: #fieldsman__fielder a member of the cricket team that is fielding rather than batting
subtype: #outfielder.fieldsman a fielder in cricket who is stationed in the outfield
subtype: #wicket-keeper stands behind the wicket to catch balls
instance: #John_Berry_Hobbs__Hobbs__Sir_Jack_Hobbs #Sir_Leonard_Hutton__Hutton
subtype: #football_player__footballer an athlete who plays American football
subtype: #back.football_player (football) a person who plays in the backfield
subtype: #flankerback__flanker a back stationed wide of the scrimmage line; used as a pass receiver
subtype: #signal_caller__quarterback__field_general__fieldgeneral (football) the person who plays quarterback
subtype: #running_back__runningback (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage
subtype: #fullback.running_back (football) the running back who plays the fullback position on the offensive team
subtype: #halfback.running_back (football) the running back who plays the offensive halfback position
subtype: #tailback.back (football) the person who plays tailback
subtype: #wingback.back (football) the person who plays wingback
subtype: #ball_carrier (football) the football player who is carrying (and trying to advance) the ball on an offensive play
subtype: #forward_passer__forwardpasser__passer (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by throwing a forward pass
subtype: #rusher.ball_carrier (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by running with the ball
subtype: #blocker a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play
subtype: #football_hero a football player who has achieved a reputation for success
subtype: #kicker a player who kicks the football
subtype: #dropkicker a football kicker who drops the ball and kicks it just as it reaches the ground
subtype: #place-kicker__placekicker (football) a kicker who makes a place kick for a goal
subtype: #punter (football) a person who kicks the football by dropping it from the hands and contacting it with the foot before it hits the ground
subtype: #line_backer__linebacker a defensive football player who takes a position close behind the linemen
subtype: #lineman.football_player one of the players on the line of scrimmage
subtype: #football_snapper__center__snapper (football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback; "the center fumbled the handoff"
subtype: #football_end-line-man__end (football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage; "the end managed to hold onto the pass"
subtype: #split_end__splitend (football) an offensive end who lines up at a distance from the other linemen
subtype: #tight_end__tightend (football) an offensive end who lines up close to the tackle
subtype: #football_guard__guard the person who plays that position on a football team; "the left guard was injured on the play"
subtype: #tackle.lineman the person who plays that position on a football team; "the right tackle is a straight A student"
subtype: #pass_receiver__receiver__pass_catcher a football player who catches (or is supposed to catch) a forward pass
subtype: #tackler a football player who tackles the ball carrier
subtype: #gymnast an athlete who is skilled in gymnastics
subtype: #tumbler.gymnast a gymnast who performs rolls and somersaults and twists etc.
subtype: #turner.tumbler a tumbler who is a member of a turnverein
instance: #Olga_Korbut__Korbut
subtype: #ice-hockey_player__hockey_player an athlete who plays hockey
subtype: #center.ice-hockey_player (ice hockey) the person who plays center
subtype: #goalie__goalkeeper__goaltender__netkeeper the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal
instance: #Wayne_Gretzky__Gretzky #Robert_Orr__Orr__Bobby_Orr
subtype: #hooker (rugby) the player in the middle of the front row of the scrum who tries to hook the ball
subtype: #hurdler an athlete who runs the hurdles
subtype: #jumper.athlete an athlete who competes at jumping
subtype: #hopper.jumper someone who hops; "at hopscotch, the best hoppers are the children"
instance: #Frederick_Carleton_Lewis__Lewis__Carl_Lewis
subtype: #lacrosse_player an athlete who plays lacrosse
subtype: #letterman an athlete who has earned a letter in a school sport
subtype: #Olympian__olympian an athlete who participates in the Olympic games
subtype: #pentathlete an athlete who competes in a pentathlon
subtype: #professional__pro an athlete who plays for pay
subtype: #free_agent (sports) a professional athlete who is free to sign a contract to play for any team
subtype: #semiprofessional__semipro an athlete who plays for pay on a part-time basis
subtype: #runner.athlete a trained athlete who competes in foot races
subtype: #marathoner__marathon_runner__road_runner__long-distance_runner someone who participates in long-distance races (especially in marathons)
subtype: #miler a runner in a one-mile race
subtype: #four-minute_man someone who has run the mile is less that 4 minutes
instance: #Sir_Roger_Gilbert_Bannister__Bannister__Roger_Bannister #John_Walker__Walker
subtype: #sprinter someone who runs a short distance at top speed
instance: #Frederick_Carleton_Lewis__Lewis__Carl_Lewis
subtype: #sharpshooter.athlete an athlete noted for accurate aim
subtype: #shot_putter an athlete who competes in the shot put
subtype: #skater someone who skates
subtype: #ice-skater__iceskater someone who engages in ice skating
subtype: #roller-skater someone who engages in roller skating
subtype: #skateboarder someone who skates on a skateboard
subtype: #skier someone who skis
subtype: #langlauffer a cross-country skier
subtype: #ski_jumper__skijumper a skier who leaps through the air (especially on a ski jump)
subtype: #skydiver__parachute_jumper__parachutejumper a person who jumps from a plane and performs various gymnastic maneuvers before pulling the parachute cord
subtype: #sledder someone who rides a sled
subtype: #luger__slider someone who races the luge
subtype: #tobogganist someone who rides a toboggan
subtype: #soccer_player an athlete who plays soccer
subtype: #goalie__goalkeeper__goaltender__netkeeper the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal
subtype: #sportsman__sport__sportswoman someone who engages in sports
subtype: #striker.athlete (soccer) a forward on a soccer team
subtype: #substitute__reserve an athlete who plays only when another member of the team drops out
subtype: #bench_warmer__benchwarmer (sports) a substitute who seldom plays
subtype: #pinch_hitter__pinchhitter (baseball or softball) a substitute for the regular batter
subtype: #swimmer a trained athlete who participates in swimming meets; "he was an Olympic swimmer"
subtype: #backstroker someone who swims the backstroke
subtype: #breaststroker someone who swims the breaststroke
subtype: #diver__plunger someone who dives (into water)
instance: #Gertrude_Caroline_Ederle__Ederle__Gertrude_Ederle
subtype: #swinger someone who swings sports implements
subtype: #tennis_player an athlete who plays tennis
subtype: #tennis_pro__professional_tennis_player someone who earns a living playing or teaching tennis
instance: #Arthur_Robert_Ashe__Ashe__Arthur_Ashe #John_Donald_Budge__Budge__Don_Budge #Maureen_Catherine_Connolly__Connolly__Little_Mo_Connolly #James_Scott_Connors__Connors__Jimmy_Conors #Margaret_Court__Court #Dwight_Filley_Davis__Davis__Dwight_Davis #Christine_Marie_Evert__Evert__Chris_Evert__Chrissie_Evert #Althea_Gibson__Gibson #Stephanie_Graf__Graf__Steffi_Graf #Billie_Jean_Moffitt_King__King__Billie_Jean_King #Rodney_George_Laver__Laver__Rod_Laver #Ivan_Lendl__Lendl #Helen_Wills_Moody__Moody__Helen_Wills__Helen_Newington_Wills #Martina_Navratilova__Navratilova #Monica_Seles__Seles #William_Tatem_Tilden_Jr.__Tilden__Big_Bill_Tilden #Virginia_Wade__Wade
subtype: #pole_vaulter__vaulter__pole_jumper an athlete who jumps over a high crossbar with the aid of a long pole
subtype: #weightlifter__lifter an athlete who lifts barbells
subtype: #winger (soccer; hockey; rugby; football) player in wing position
instance: #Robert_Bruce_Mathias__Mathias__mathia__Bob_Mathias #James_Cleveland_Owens__Owens__Jesse_Owens #James_Francis_Thorpe__Thorpe__Jim_Thorpe #Mildred_Ella_Didrikson_Zaharias__Zaharias__Babe_Zaharias__Didrikson__Babe_Didrikson__Mildred_Ella_Didrikson
subtype: #defaulter a contestant who forfeits a match
subtype: #entrant.contestant one who enters a competition
subtype: #long_shot.contestant__longshot a contestant that is unlikely to win
subtype: #also-ran__loser a contestant who loses the contest
subtype: #opponent__opposition__opposite a contestant that you are matched against
subtype: #player__participant a person who participates in or is skilled at some game
subtype: #ballplayer__baseball_player an athlete who plays baseball
subtype: #billiard_player someone who plays billiards
subtype: #bowler rolls balls down an alley at pins
subtype: #card_player someone who plays (or knows how to play) card games
subtype: #bridge_player__hand a card player in a game of bridge; "we need a 4th hand for bridge"
subtype: #bidder.bridge_player someone who makes a bid at cards
subtype: #preemptor__pre-emptor__preemptor a bidder in bridge who makes a preemptive bid
subtype: #bridge_partner one of a pair of bridge players who are on the same side of the game
subtype: #raiser a bridge partner who increases the partner's bid
subtype: #declarer__contractor the bridge player in contract bridge who wins the bidding and can declare which suit is to be trumps
subtype: #cardsharp__cardsharper a professional card player who makes a living by cheating at card games
subtype: #dealer.card_player the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game
subtype: #eldest_hand__eldesthand__elder_hand__elderhand the card player on the dealer's left
subtype: #shuffler.card_player the card player who shuffles the cards
instance: #Ely_Culbertson__Culbertson
subtype: #chess_player__chessplayer someone who plays the game of chess
subtype: #chess_master__chessmaster a chess player of great skill
instance: #Robert_James_Fischer__Fischer__Bobby_Fischer #Anatoli_Yevgenevich_Karpov__Karpov__Anatoli_Karpov #Gary_Kasparov__Kasparov__Gary_Weinstein #Viktor_Lvovich_Korchnoi__Korchnoi__Viktor_Korchnoi #Boris_Vasilevich_Spassky__Spassky__Boris_Spassky
subtype: #patzer a poor chess player
subtype: #dart_player someone who plays the game of darts
subtype: #football_player__footballer an athlete who plays American football
subtype: #golfer__golf_player__linksman someone who plays the game of golf
subtype: #driver.golfer a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
subtype: #golf_pro__professional_golfer someone who earns a living by playing or teaching golf
subtype: #hacker someone who plays golf poorly
subtype: #hooker.golfer a golfer whose shots typically curve left (for right-handed golfers)
subtype: #medal_winner__medalwinner__medalist__medallist (golf) the winner at medal play of a golf tournament
subtype: #putter a golfer who is putting
subtype: #slicer.golfer a golfer whose shots typically curve right (for right-handed golfers)
instance: #William_Benjamin_Hogan__Hogan__Ben_Hogan #Robert_Tyre_Jones__Jones__Bobby_Jones #Jack_William_Nicklaus__Nicklaus__Jack_Nicklaus #Gregory_John_Norman__Norman__Greg_Norman #Arnold_Daniel_Palmer__Palmer__Arnold_Palmer #Gene_Sarazen__Sarazen #Lee_Buck_Trevino__Trevino__Lee_Trevino__Supermex
subtype: #grandmaster a player of exceptional or world class skill in chess or bridge
subtype: #International_Grandmaster a chess player who has been awarded the highest title by the International Chess Federation
subtype: #ice-hockey_player__hockey_player an athlete who plays hockey
subtype: #lacrosse_player an athlete who plays lacrosse
subtype: #most_valuable_player__MVP the player judged to be the most important to the sport
subtype: #pool_player someone who shoots pool
subtype: #scorer.player a player who makes a score in a game or contest
subtype: #seeded_player__seed one of the outstanding players in a tournament
subtype: #server.player (court games) the player who serves to start a point
subtype: #shooter (sports) a player who drives or kicks a ball at the goal (or a basketball player who shoots at the basket)
subtype: #soccer_player an athlete who plays soccer
subtype: #stringer.player a member of a squad on a team; "a first stringer"; "a second stringer"
subtype: #tennis_player an athlete who plays tennis
subtype: #volleyball_player someone who plays the game of volleyball
subtype: #pothunter.contestant someone who participates in contests in order to collect trophies
subtype: #qualifier a contestant who meets certain requirements and so qualifies to take part in the next stage of competition; "the tournament was won by a late qualifier"
subtype: #rival__challenger__competitor__competition__contender the contestant you hope to defeat; "he had respect for his rivals"; "he wanted to know what the competition was doing"
subtype: #champ__champion__title-holder__titleholder someone who has won first place in a competition
subtype: #record-breaker__record-holder someone who breaks a record
subtype: #comer someone with a promising future
subtype: #finalist a contestant who reaches the final stages of a competition
subtype: #foe__enemy a personal enemy; "they had been political foes for years"
subtype: #mortal_enemy an enemy who wants to kill you
subtype: #front-runner__frontrunner__favorite__favourite a competitor thought likely to win
subtype: #world-beater__worldbeater__king a competitor who holds a preeminent position
subtype: #runner-up__second_best the competitor who finishes second
subtype: #semifinalist one of four competitors remaining in a tournament by elimination
subtype: #street_fighter a contestant who is very aggressive and willing to use underhand methods
subtype: #tier.rival any one of two or more competitors who tie one another
subtype: #tilter.rival someone who engages in a tilt or joust
subtype: #starter a contestant who is in the game at the beginning
subtype: #starting_pitcher the pitcher who starts in a baseball game
subtype: #winner.contestant__victor the contestant who wins the contest
subtype: #medalist__medallist someone who has won a medal
subtype: #upsetter an unexpected winner; someone who defeats the favorite competitor
subtype: #walloper a winner by a wide margin
subtype: #withdrawer.contestant a contestant who withdraws from competition
subtype: #coward a person who shows fear or timidity
subtype: #cur a cowardly and despicable person
subtype: #caitiff (archaic) a cowardly and despicable person
subtype: #dastard a malicious coward
subtype: #poltroon__craven__recreant an abject coward
subtype: #quaker__trembler one who quakes and trembles with (or as with) fear
subtype: #shy_person__shyperson__shrinking_violet__shrinkingviolet someone who shrinks from familiarity with others
subtype: #wallflower.shy_person remains on sidelines at social event
subtype: #sissy__pantywaist__pansy__milksop__Milquetoast a timid man or boy considered childish or unassertive
subtype: #waverer__vacillator__hesitator__hesitater one who hesitates (out of fear)
subtype: #creator a person who grows or makes or invents things
subtype: #architect__designer someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)
subtype: #landscape_architect__landscapearchitect__landscape_gardener__landscapegardener someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively
instance: #Andrew_Jackson_Downing__Downing #Andre_Le_Notre__Le_Notre #Frederick_Law_Olmsted__Olmsted__olmsted #Calvert_Vaux__Vaux
instance: #Marcel_Lajos_Breuer__Breuer #John_Merven_Carrere__Carrere #Philibert_Delorme__Delorme__de_l'Orme__Philibert_de_l'Orme #Richard_Buckminster_Fuller__Fuller__Buckminster_Fuller__R._Buckminster_Fuller #Antonio_Gaudi__Gaudi #Cass_Gilbert__Gilbert #Walter_Gropius__Gropius #Thomas_Hastings__thomashasting__Hastings #Victor_Horta__Horta #Richard_Morris_Hunt__Hunt #Inigo_Jones__Jones #Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe__Latrobe #Le_Corbusier__Charles_Edouard_Jeanneret #Pierre_Charles_L'Enfant__L'Enfant #Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci #Maya_Lin__Lin #Sir_Edwin_Lutyens__Lutyens__Sir_Edwin_Landseer_Luytens #Francois_Mansart__Mansart__mansart #Charles_Follen_McKim__McKim #Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo #Ludwig_Mies_Van_Der_Rohe__Mies_Van_Der_Rohe #Pier_Luigi_Nervi__Nervi #Andrea_Palladio__Palladio #Ieoh_Ming_Pei__Pei__I._M._Pei #Albert_Speer__Speer #Edward_Durell_Stone__Stone #Louis_Henry_Sullivan__Sullivan__Louis_Sullivan__Louis_Henri_Sullivan #Kenzo_Tange__Tange #William_Thornton__Thornton #Richard_Upjohn__Upjohn #Henri_Clemens_van_de_Velde__van_de_Velde__Henri_van_de_Velde #Robert_Charles_Venturi__Venturi__Robert_Venturi #Stanford_White__White #Sir_Christopher_Wren__Wren #Frank_Lloyd_Wright__Wright #James_Wyatt__Wyatt
subtype: #artist__creative_person a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination
subtype: #illustrator an artist who makes illustrations (for books or magazines or advertisements etc.)
subtype: #commercial_artist an illustrator who is supported by advertising
instance: #Hablot_Knight_Browne__Browne__Phiz #Norman_Rockwell__Rockwell
subtype: #classic.artist an artist who has created classic works
subtype: #classicist an artistic person who adheres to classicism
subtype: #constructivist an artist of the school of constructivism
subtype: #decorator__ornamentalist someone who decorates
subtype: #draftsman__drawer an artist skilled at drawing
subtype: #cartoonist a person who draws cartoons
instance: #Jules_Feifer__Feifer #Reuben_Lucius_Goldberg__Goldberg__Rube_Goldberg #Sir_David_Alexander_Cecil_Low__Low__David_Low #William_Henry_Mauldin__Mauldin__Bill_Mauldin #Thomas_Nast__Nast #Charles_Munroe_Schulz__Schulz__Charles_Schulz #Saul_Steinberg__Steinberg #Sir_John_Tenniel__Tenniel #James_Grover_Thurber__Thurber__James_Thurber
subtype: #pavement_artist someone who draws on the pavement with colored chalks (hoping that passers-by will give them money)
subtype: #sketcher.draftsman someone who draws sketches
subtype: #etcher someone who etches
subtype: #expressionist an artist who is an adherent of expressionism
subtype: #maestro__master an artist of consummate skill; "a master of the violin"; "one of the old masters"
subtype: #old_master__oldmaster a great European painter prior to 19th century
instance: #Sandro_Botticelli__Botticelli__Alessandro_di_Mariano_dei_Filipepi #Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder__Brueghel__Breughel__Bruegel__Pieter_Brueghel__Pieter_Breughel__Pieter_Bruegel__Breughel_the_Elder #Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio__Caravaggio #Giovanni_Cimabue__Cimabue #Antonio_Allegri_da_Correggio__Correggio #Albrecht_Durer__Durer #El_Greco__Greco__Domenikos_Theotocopoulos #Jan_van_Eyck__Eyck__van_Eyck #Giotto_di_Bondone__Giotto #William_Hogarth__Hogarth #Holbein_the_Elder__Holbein__Hans_Holbein #Holbein_the_Younger__Holbein__Hans_Holbein #Georges_de_La_Tour__La_Tour #Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci #Fra_Filippo_Lippi__Lippi #Filippino_Lippi__Lippi #Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo #Nicolas_Poussin__Poussin #Raffaello_Santi__Raphael__Raffaello_Sanzio #Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn__Rembrandt__Rembrandt_van_Rijn__Rembrandt_van_Ryn #Pierre_Auguste_Renoir__Renoir #Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens__Rubens__Peter_Paul_Rubens #Tintoretto__Jacopo_Robusti #Titian__Tiziano_Vecellio #Sir_Anthony_Vandyke__Vandyke__Van_Dyck #Diego_Rodriguez_de_Silva_y_Velazquez__Velazquez #Jan_Vermeer__Vermeer__Jan_van_der_Meer #Paolo_Veronese__Veronese__Paola_Caliari #Jean_Antoine_Watteau__Watteau__watteau
subtype: #minimalist a practitioner or advocate of artistic minimalism
subtype: #modernist an artist who makes a deliberate break with previous styles
subtype: #musician artist who composes or conducts music as a profession
subtype: #arranger__adapter__transcriber a musician who adapts a composition for particular voices or instruments or for another style of performance
subtype: #orchestrator an arranger who writes for orchestras
subtype: #choirmaster__precentor__cantor the musical director of a choir
subtype: #composer composes music as a profession
subtype: #contrapuntist a composer who specializes in counterpoint
subtype: #psalmist a composer of sacred songs; "David is called The Psalmist because he is believed to be the author of the Book of Psalms
subtype: #songwriter__songster__ballad_maker a composer of words or music for popular songs
instance: #Irving_Berlin__Berlin__Israel_Baline #Hoagland_Howard_Carmichael__Carmichael__Hoagy_Carmichael #George_Michael_Cohan__Cohan__George_M._Cohan #Antoine_Domino__Domino__Fats_Domino #Bob_Dylan__Dylan #Stephen_Collins_Foster__Foster__Stephen_Foster #Woodrow_Wilson_Guthrie__Guthrie__Woody_Guthrie #Buddy_Holly__Holly__Charles_Hardin_Holley #John_Lennon__Lennon #Sir_James_Paul_McCartney__McCartney__Paul_McCartney #Paul_Simon__Simon
instance: #Johann_Sebastian_Bach__Bach #Ludwig_van_Beethoven__Beethoven__van_Beethoven #Louis-Hector_Berlioz__Berlioz__Hector_Berlioz #Leonard_Bernstein__Bernstein #Marc_Blitzstein__Blitzstein #Johannes_Brahms__Brahms #Maria_Luigi_Carlo_Zenobio_Cherubini__Cherubini__Luigi_Cherubini #Frederic_Francois_Chopin__Chopin #Aaron_Copland__Copland #Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward #Karl_Czerny__Czerny #Claude_Achille_Debussy__Debussy__Claude_Debussey #Frederick_Delius__Delius #Gaetano_Donizetti__Donizetti #Antonin_Dvorak__Dvorak #Sir_Edward_Elgar__Elgar #Georges_Enesco__Enesco__George_Enescu #George_Gershwin__Gershwin #Mikhail_Ivanovich_Glinka__Glinka #Christoph_Willibald_von_Gluck__Gluck #Charles_Francois_Gounod__Gounod #George_Percy_Aldridge_Grainger__Grainger__Percy_Grainger #Edvard_hagerup_Grieg__Grieg__Edvard_Grieg #Jacques_Francois_Fromental_Elie_Halevy__Halevy__Fromental_Halevy #George_Frederick_Handel__Handel__Georg_Friedrich_Handel #William_Christopher_Handy__Handy__W._C._Handy #Franz_Joseph_Haydn__Haydn__Joseph_Haydn #Paul_Hindemith__Hindemith #Arthur_Honegger__Honegger #Engelbert_Humperdinck__Humperdinck #Charles_Edward_Ives__Ives #Scott_Joplin__Joplin #Jerome_David_Kern__Kern__Jerome_Kern #Aram_Ilich_Khachaturian__Khachaturian__Aram_Khachaturian #Leonard_Constant_Lambert__Lambert__Constant_Lambert #Franz_Lehar__Lehar #Franz_Liszt__Liszt #Baron_Lloyd_Webber_of_Sydmonton__Lloyd_Webber__Andrew_Lloyd_Webber #Frederick_Loewe__Loewe #Jean_Baptiste_Lully__Lully #Gustav_Mahler__Mahler #Jules_Emile_Frederic_Massenet__Massenet #Jakob_Ludwig_Felix_Mendelssohn-Bartholdy__Mendelssohn__Felix_Mendelssohn #Gian_Carlo_Menotti__Menotti #Giacomo_Meyerbeer__Meyerbeer__Jakob_Liebmann_Beer #Darius_Milhaud__Milhaud #Claudio_Monteverdi__Monteverdi #Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart__Mozart #Modest_Petrovich_Mussorgsky__Mussorgsky__Moussorgsky__Modest_Mussorgsky__Modest_Moussorgsky__Modest_Petrovich_Moussorgsky #Carl_August_Nielson__Nielson #Jacques_Offenbach__Offenbach #Roy_Orbison__Orbison #Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina__Palestrina #Cole_Albert_Porter__Porter__Cole_Porter #Sergei_Sergeyevich_Prokofiev__Prokofiev #Giacomo_Puccini__Puccini #Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninoff__Sergei_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninov__Sergei_Rachmaninov__Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninov #Ottorino_Respighi__Respighi #Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimski-Korsakov__Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimski-Korsakov #Richard_Rodgers__Rodgers #Sigmund_Romberg__Romberg #Giloacchino_Antonio_Rossini__Rossini #Anton_Grigorevich_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Anton_Gregor_Rubinstein #Erik_Alfred_Leslie_Satie__Satie__Erik_Satie #Artur_Schnabel__Schnabel #Arnold_Schonberg__Schonberg__Schoenberg__Arnold_Schoenberg #Franz_Peter_Schubert__Schubert__Franz_Schubert #Robert_Alexander_Schumann__Schumann__Robert_Schumann #Alexander_Nikolayevich_Scriabin__Scriabin #Andres_Segovia__Segovia__segovia #Roger_Huntington_Sessions__Sessions__Roger_Sessions #Dmitri_Dmitrievich_Shostakovich__Shostakovich__Dmitri_Shostakovich #Johan_Julius_Christian_Sibelius__Sibelius__Jean_Sibelius #Stephen_Sondheim__Sondheim #John_Philip_Sousa__Sousa__The_March_King #Strauss_the_Elder__Strauss__Johann_Strauss #Strauss_the_Younger__Strauss__Johann_Strauss #Richard_Strauss__Strauss #Igor_Fyodorovich_Stravinsky__Stravinsky__Igor_Stravinsky #Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan__Sullivan__Arthur_Sullivan__Sir_Arthur_Sullivan #Joseph_Deems_Taylor__Taylor__Deems_Taylor #Peter_Ilich_Tchaikovsky__Tchaikovsky__Peter_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Ilich_Tchaikovsky #Georg_Philipp_Telemann__Telemann #Edgard_Varese__Varese #Ralph_Vaughan_Williams__Vaughan_Williams #Guiseppe_Fortunino_Francesco_Verdi__Verdi__Giuseppe_Verdi #Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi__Vivaldi__Antonio_Vivaldi #Wilhelm_Richard_Wagner__Wagner__Richard_Wagner #Sir_William_Turner_Walton__Walton__Sir_William_Walton #Baron_Karl_Maria_Friedrich_Ernst_von_Weber__Weber #Kurt_Weill__Weill #Hugo_Wolf__Wolf
subtype: #music_director__musicdirector__conductor__director the person who leads a musical group
subtype: #bandleader the leader of a dance band
instance: #Benjamin_David_Goodman__Goodman__goodman__Benny_Goodman__the_King_of_Swing #Woodrow_Charles_Herman__Herman__Woody_Herman #Alton_Glenn_Miller__Miller__Glenn_Miller
subtype: #bandmaster the conductor of a band
instance: #John_Philip_Sousa__Sousa__The_March_King
subtype: #drum_major the leader of a marching band or drum corps
subtype: #drum_majorette a female drum major
instance: #Leonard_Bernstein__Bernstein #Arthur_Fiedler__Fiedler #Sergei_Aleksandrovich_Koussevitzky__Koussevitzky__Serge_Koussevitzky #Leonard_Constant_Lambert__Lambert__Constant_Lambert #Eugene_Ormandy__Ormandy #Seiji_Ozawa__Ozawa #Leopold_Antoni_Stanislaw_Stokowski__Stokowski__Leopold_Stokowski #George_Szell__Szell #Arturo_Toscanini__Toscanini #Bruno_Walter__Walter #Sir_Henry_Joseph_Wood__Wood__Sir_Henry_Wood
subtype: #virtuoso a musician who is a consummate master of technique and artistry
instance: #Victor_Herbert__Herbert #Yoko_Ono__Ono #Carl_Orff__Orff
subtype: #painter an artist who paints
subtype: #abstractionist__abstract_artist a painter of abstract pictures
instance: #Josef_Albers__Albers #Piet_Mondrian__Mondrian
subtype: #colorist a painter able to achieve special effects with color
subtype: #cubist an artist who adheres to the principles of cubism
subtype: #dauber an unskilled painter
subtype: #distortionist a painter who introduces distortions
subtype: #Fauve__fauvist a member of a group of French painters who followed Fauvism
subtype: #impressionist a painter who follows the theories of impressionism
subtype: #landscapist someone who paints landscapes
subtype: #miniaturist someone who paints tiny pictures in great detail
subtype: #oil_painter a painter who uses oil paints
subtype: #old_master__oldmaster a great European painter prior to 19th century
subtype: #pointilist a painter who uses the technique of pointilism
subtype: #portraitist__portrait_painter__portrayer a painter or drawer of portraits
subtype: #Postimpressionist an artist of the Postimpressionist school who revolted against impressionism
subtype: #realist.painter a painter who represents the world realistically and not in an idealized or romantic style
subtype: #scenic_artist__scene_painter__scenepainter an artist specializing in scenic subjects
subtype: #watercolorist__watercolourist paints with watercolors
instance: #Vanessa_Bell__Bell__Vanessa_Stephen #Thomas_Hart_Benton__Benton #Georges_Braque__Braque #Paul_Cezanne__Cezanne #Marc_Chagall__Chagall__chagall #Giorgio_de_Chirico__Chirico #John_Constable__Constable #John_Singleton_Copley__Copley__John_Copley #Jean_Baptiste_Camille_Corot__Corot #Gustave_Courbet__Courbet #Salvidor_Dali__Dali #Honore_Daumier__Daumier #Jacques_Louis_David__David #Willem_de_Kooning__de_Kooning #Ferdinand_Victor_Eugene_Delacroix__Delacroix__Eugene_Delacroix #Adnre_Derain__Derain #Raoul_Dufy__Dufy #Max_Ernst__Ernst #Jean_Honore_Fragonard__Fragonard #Roger_Eliot_Fry__Fry__Roger_Fry #Thomas_Gainsborough__Gainsborough #Paul_Gauguin__Gauguin #Alberto_Giacometti__Giacometti #Francisco_Jose_de_Goya_y_Lucientes__Goya__Francisco_Goya__Francisco_de_Goya__Francisco_Jose_de_Goya #Duncan_James_Corrow_Grant__Grant__Duncan_Grant #Jaun_Gris__Gris #Frederick_Childe_Hassam__Hassam__Childe_Hassam #Katsushika_Hokusai__Hokusai__hokusai #Winslow_Homer__Homer #Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres__Ingres #Wassily_Kandinsky__Kandinsky #Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner__Kirchner #Paul_Klee__Klee #Gustav_Klimt__Klimt #Franz_Joseph_Kline__Kline #Lee_Krasner__leekrasner__Krasner #Sir_Thomas_Lawrence__Lawrence #Fernand_Leger__Leger #Roy_Lichtenstein__Lichtenstein #Laurence_Stephen_Lowry__Lowry__L._S._Lowry #Rene_Magritte__Magritte #Kazimir_Severinovich_Malevich__Malevich__Kazimir_Malevich #Edouard_Manet__Manet #Andrea_Mantegna__Mantegna #Reginald_Marsh__Marsh #Henri_Emile_Benoit_Matisse__Matisse__Henri_Matisse #Jean_Francois_Millet__Millet #Joan_Miro__Miro #Modigliani__Amedeo_Modigliano #Claude_Monet__Monet #Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse__Morse__Samuel_Morse__Samuel_F._B._Morse #Anne_Mary_Robertson_Moses__Moses__Grandma_Moses #Robert_Motherwell__Motherwell #Edvard_Munch__Munch #Bartolome_Esteban_Murillo__Murillo #O'Keeffe__Georgia_Okeeffe #Jose_Clemente_Orozco__Orozco__Jose_Orozco #Maxfield_Frederick_Parrish__Parrish__Maxfield_Parrish #Pablo_Picasso__Picasso #Jackson_Pollock__Pollock #Sir_Joshua_Reynolds__Reynolds #Mark_Rothko__Rothko #Le_Douanier_Rousseau__Rousseau__Henri_Rousseau #John_Singer_Sargent__johnsingersargent__Sargent__sargent #Georges_Pierre_Seurat__Seurat__Georges_Seurat #Benjamin_Shahn__Shahn__Ben_Shahn #David_Alfaro_Siqueiros__Siqueiros__David_Siqueiros #Chaim_Soutine__Soutine #Frank_Philip_Stella__Stella__Frank_Stella #Gilbert_Charles_Stuart__Stuart__Gilbert_Stuart #Thomas_Sully__Sully #Yves_Tanguy__Tanguy #Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo__Tiepolo #Mark_Tobey__Tobey #Henri_Toulouse-Lautrec__Toulouse-Lautrec #Trumbull__John_Trumbull #Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner__Turner #Maurice_Utrillo__Utrillo #Vincent_van_Gogh__van_Gogh__Gogh #Viktor_Vasarely__Vasarely #Giorgio_Vasari__Vasari #Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun__Vigee-Lebrun__Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun #Maurice_de_Vlaminck__Vlaminck #Jean_Edouard_Vuillard__Vuillard__Edouard_Vuillard #Andy_Warhol__Warhol #Weber__Max_Weber #Benjamin_West__West #James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler__Whistler #Grant_Wood__Wood #Andrew_Wyeth__Wyeth
subtype: #photographer someone who takes photographs professionally
subtype: #cameraman__camera_operator__cinematographer a photographer who operates a movie camera
subtype: #press_photographer__pressphotographer a photographer who works for a newspaper
instance: #Mathew_B._Brady__Brady #Alfred_Eisenstaedt__Eisenstaedt #Dorothea_Lange__Lange #Edward_Jean_Steichen__Steichen #Alfred_Stieglitz__Stieglitz #William_Henry_Fox_Talbot__Talbot__Fox_Talbot #Edward_Weston__Weston
subtype: #Pre-Raphaelite a painter or writer dedicated to restoring early Renaissance ideals
instance: #William_Holman_Hunt__Hunt__Holman_Hunt #Sir_John_Everett_Millais__Millais__millai #Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti__Rossetti
subtype: #printmaker__graphic_artist__graphicartist an artist who designs and makes prints
subtype: #engraver.printmaker a printmaker who prints from an engraved printing plate
subtype: #lithographer a printmaker who uses lithography
instance: #Nathaniel_Currier__Currier #Honore_Daumier__Daumier #James_Merritt_Ives__Ives__James_Ives
subtype: #romanticist__romantic an artist of the romantic period or someone influenced by romanticism
subtype: #sculptor__sculpturer__carver__statue_maker an artist who creates sculptures
subtype: #sculptress a woman sculptor
instance: #Constantin_Brancusi__Brancusi #Alexander_Calder__Calder #Benvenuto_Cellini__Cellini #Thomas_Crawford__Crawford #Donatello__Donato_di_Betto_Bardi #Sir_Jacob_Epstein__Epstein__Jacob_Epstein #Daniel_Chester_French__French #Alberto_Giacometti__Giacometti #Dame_Barbara_Hepworth__Hepworth__Barbara_Hepworth #Malvina_Hoffman__Hoffman #Gaston_Lachaise__Lachaise #Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci #Maya_Lin__Lin #Jacques_Lipchitz__Lipchitz #Lysippus #Aristide_Maillol__Maillol #Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo #Modigliani__Amedeo_Modigliano #Henry_Spencer_Moore__Moore__Henry_Moore #Louise_Nevelson__Nevelson #Isamu_Noguchi__Noguchi #Pablo_Picasso__Picasso #Francois_Auguste_Rene_Rodin__Rodin__Auguste_Rodin #George_Segal__Segal #David_Roland_Smith__Smith__David_Smith #Lorado_Taft__Taft
subtype: #stylist an artist who is a master of a particular style
subtype: #surrealist an artist who is a member of the movement called surrealism
subtype: #symbolist a member of an artistic movement that expressed ideas indirectly via symbols
instance: #Jean_Arp__Arp__Hans_Arp #John_James_Audubon__Audubon #Marcel_Duchamp__Duchamp #Jasper_Johns__Johns #Edward_Lear__Lear #Louis_Comfort_Tiffany__Tiffany
subtype: #builder__developer__constructor someone who contracts for and supervises the construction of a building
subtype: #boatbuilder a person who builds boats
subtype: #contractor someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things
subtype: #defense_contractor__defensecontractor a contractor concerned with the development and manufacture of systems of defense
subtype: #hauler__haulier a haulage contractor
subtype: #garbage_carter__garbagecarter__carter__garbage_hauler__garbagehauler a hauler of garbage; "there is a web site where licensed carters and would-be customers can make connections"
subtype: #ship-breaker a contractor who buys old ships and breaks them up for scrap
subtype: #subcontractor someone who enters into a subcontract with the primary contractor
subtype: #homebuilder__housebuilder someone who builds houses as a business
subtype: #jerry-builder__jerrybuilder someone who builds cheap buildings out of poor materials on speculation for a quick profit
subtype: #road_builder someone whose business is to build roads
subtype: #shipbuilder.builder a person who builds ships as a business
subtype: #choreographer someone who creates new dances
instance: #Alvin_Ailey__Ailey #Alicia_Alonso__Alonso #Sir_Frederick_Ashton__Ashton #George_Balanchine__Balanchine #Mikhail_Baryshnikov__Baryshnikov #Merce_Cunningham__Cunningham #Agnes_George_De_Mille__De_Mille__Agnes_De_Mille #Martha_Graham__Graham #Lev_Ivanov__Ivanov #Judith_Jamison__Jamison #Robert_Joffrey__Joffrey #Rudolph_Laban__Laban #Leonide_Fedorovitch_Massine__leonidefedorovitchmassine__Massine__Leonid_Fyodorovich_Myasin #Jerome_Robbins__Robbins__robbin #Ted_Shawn__Shawn #Ruth_St._Denis__St._Denis__Saint_Denis__Ruth_Saint_Denis #Twyla_Tharp__Tharp #Antony_Tudor__Tudor
subtype: #couturier__fashion_designer__fashiondesigner__clothesdesigner someone who designs clothing
subtype: #costumier__costumer__costume_designer__costumedesigner someone who designs or supplies costumes (as for a play or masquerade)
instance: #Christian_Dior__Dior #Calvin_Richard_Klein__Klein__Calvin_Klein #Elsa_Schiaparelli__Schiaparelli #Gianni_Versace__Versace #Charles_Frederick_Worth__charlesfrederickworth__Worth
subtype: #crafter a creator of great skill in the manual arts; "the jewelry was made by internationally famous craftsmen"
subtype: #fantasist a creator of fantasies
subtype: #farmer__husbandman__granger__sodbuster a person who operates a farm
subtype: #contadino an Italian farmer
subtype: #agriculturist__cultivator__grower__raiser someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil
subtype: #fruit_grower__fruitgrower someone who grows fruit commercially
subtype: #beekeeper__apiarist__apiculturist a farmer who keeps bees for their honey
subtype: #dairy_farmer__dairyfarmer__dairyman the owner or manager of a dairy
subtype: #forester__tree_farmer__arboriculturist someone trained in forestry
subtype: #lumberman__lumberjack__timberman__feller__faller a person that works at lumbering and fells trees
subtype: #logger a lumberman who cuts logs into lengths after the trees have been felled
subtype: #scorer a logger who marks trees to be felled
instance: #Paul_Bunyan__Bunyan
subtype: #plantation_owner__planter the owner or manager of a plantation
subtype: #rancher a person who owns or operates a ranch
subtype: #grazier a rancher who grazes cattle or sheep for market
subtype: #smallholder (British) a person owning or renting a smallholding
subtype: #small_farmer__smallfarmer a farmer on a small farm
subtype: #crofter an owner or tenant of a small farm in Great Britain
subtype: #sower someone who sows
subtype: #stockman__stock_raiser__stockraiser__stock_farmer__stockfarmer farmer who breed or raises livestock
subtype: #stock_breeder__stockbreeder__breeder a person who breeds animals
subtype: #cow_man__cowman__cattleman__beef_man a man who raises (or tends) cattle
subtype: #sheepman a man who raises (or tends) sheep
subtype: #tenant_farmer a farmer who works land owned by someone else
subtype: #tiller.farmer someone who tills land (prepares the soil for the planting of crops)
subtype: #inventor__discoverer__artificer someone who is the first to think of or make something
subtype: #patentee the inventor to whom a patent is issued
instance: #Alexander_Graham_Bell__Bell__Alexander_Bell #Sir_Henry_Bessemer__Bessemer #John_Moses_Browning__Browning__John_M._Browning #William_Seward_Burroughs__Burroughs #Edmund_Cartwright__Cartwright #Louis_Jacques_Mande_Daguerre__Daguerre #Lee_De_Forest__De_Forest__The_Father_of_Radio #George_Eastman__Eastman #Thomas_Alva_Edison__Edison__Thomas_Edison #Robert_Fulton__Fulton #Richard_Jordan_Gatling__Gatling #Gillette__King_Camp_Gilette #Peter_Carl_Goldmark__Goldmark__Peter_Goldmark #Charles_Goodyear__Goodyear #James_Hargreaves__Hargreaves #Hero_of_Alexandria__Hero__Heron #Herman_Hollerith__Hollerith #Elias_Howe__Howe #Joseph_Marie_Jacquard__Jacquard__Joseph_M._Jacquard #Edwin_Herbert_Land__Land__Din_Land #Samuel_Pierpoint_Langley__Langley #Peter_Paul_Mauser__Mauser__von_Mauser__P._P._von_Mauser #Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim__Maxim #Cyrus_Hall_McCormick__McCormick__Cyrus_McCormick #Ottmar_Mergenthaler__Mergenthaler #Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse__Morse__Samuel_Morse__Samuel_F._B._Morse #Eadweard_Muybridge__Muybridge__Edward_James_Muggeridge #Elisha_Graves_Otis__Otis #Isaac_Merrit_Singer__Singer__Isaac_M._Singer #Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry__Sperry #Francis_Edgar_Stanley__Stanley #Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz__Steinmetz #William_Henry_Fox_Talbot__Talbot__Fox_Talbot #Nikola_Tesla__Tesla #James_Watt__Watt #George_Westinghouse__Westinghouse #Sir_Charles_Wheatstone__Wheatstone #Eli_Whitney__Whitney #Orville_Wright__Wright #Wilbur_Wright__Wright #Count_Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin__Zeppelin
subtype: #shaper__maker a person who makes things
subtype: #basketweaver__basketmaker someone skilled in weaving baskets
subtype: #belt_maker a maker of belts
subtype: #bookmaker a maker of books; someone who edits or publishes or binds books
subtype: #beer_maker__brewer someone who brews beer or ale from malt and hops and water
subtype: #chandler a maker (and seller) of candles and soap and oils and paints
subtype: #candlemaker a person who makes or sells candles
subtype: #wax-chandler__waxchandler one who deals in wax candles
subtype: #shoemaker__cobbler a person who makes or repairs shoes
subtype: #bootmaker__boot_maker a maker of boots
subtype: #confectioner__candymaker someone who makes candies and other sweets
instance: #Milton_Snavely_Hershey__Hershey
subtype: #author__generator__source someone who originates or causes or initiates something; "he was the generator of several complaints"
subtype: #coiner someone who is a source of new words or new expressions
subtype: #glassmaker some who makes glass
subtype: #hatmaker__hatter__milliner__modiste someone who makes and sells hats
subtype: #ironworker a person who makes articles of iron
subtype: #puddler a worker who turns pig iron into wrought iron by puddling
subtype: #jewelry_maker__jewelrymaker__jeweler__jeweller someone who makes jewelry
subtype: #goldsmith__goldworker an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold
instance: #Peter_Carl_Faberge__Faberge
subtype: #silversmith__silverworker someone who makes or repairs articles of silver
instance: #Paul_Revere__Revere
subtype: #maltster__maltman a maker of malt
subtype: #manufacturer__producer someone who manufactures something
subtype: #arms_manufacturer someone who manufactures arms and munitions
instance: #Alfred_Krupp__Krupp #Peter_Paul_Mauser__Mauser__von_Mauser__P._P._von_Mauser
subtype: #brewer the owner or manager of a brewery
subtype: #distiller someone who distills alcoholic liquors
subtype: #food_manufacturer a person who manufactures food products
instance: #W._K._Kellogg__Kellogg__Will_Keith_Kellog
subtype: #sericulturist a producer of raw silk
instance: #Cyrus_Hall_McCormick__McCormick__Cyrus_McCormick #John_Mercer__Mercer #Isaac_Merrit_Singer__Singer__Isaac_M._Singer #Eli_Whitney__Whitney
subtype: #needleworker someone who does work (as sewing or embroidery) with a needle
subtype: #edger.needleworker a person who puts finishing edges on a garment
subtype: #embroiderer someone who ornaments with needlework
subtype: #embroideress a woman embroiderer
subtype: #garmentmaker__garmentworker__garment_worker__garmentworker a person who makes garments
subtype: #cloakmaker__furrier someone whose occupation is making or repairing fur garments
subtype: #dressmaker__modiste__needlewoman__seamstress__sempstress someone who makes or mends dresses
instance: #Betsy_Griscom_Ross__Ross__Betsy_Ross
subtype: #outfitter someone who provides outfits
subtype: #stitcher a garmentmaker who performs the finishing steps
subtype: #tailor__seamster__sartor a person whose occupation is making and altering garments
subtype: #fitter someone who fits a garment to a particular person
subtype: #knitter someone who makes garments (or fabrics) by intertwining yarn or thread
subtype: #sewer someone who sews; "a sewer of fine gowns"
subtype: #baster.sewer__tacker a sewer who fastens a garment with long loose stitches
subtype: #sewing-machine_operator someone who sews by operating a sewing machine
subtype: #tucker.sewer a sewer who tucks
subtype: #patternmaker someone who makes patterns (as for sewing or carpentry or metalworking)
subtype: #perfumer a person who makes (and sells) perfumes
subtype: #piano_maker__pianomaker a person who makes pianos
instance: #Heinrich_Engelhard_Steinway__Steinway__Henry_Steinway__Henry_Engelhard_Steinway
subtype: #saddler a maker and repairer and seller of equipment for horses
subtype: #sailmaker a maker of sails
subtype: #shirtmaker a maker of shirts
subtype: #thread_maker__spinner__spinster someone who spins (who twists fibers into threads)
subtype: #steelmaker__steelworker__steelman a worker engaged in making steel
subtype: #tentmaker someone who makes or repairs tents
subtype: #toolmaker someone skilled in making or repairing tools
subtype: #winemaker__vintner__wine_maker someone who makes wine
subtype: #violin_maker someone who makes violins
instance: #Nicolo_Amati__Amati__Nicola_Amati #Andrea_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius #Guiseppe_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius #Antonio_Stradivari__Stradivari__Stradivarius__Antonius_Stradivarius
subtype: #watchmaker__horologist__horologer someone who makes or repairs watches
subtype: #wigmaker someone who makes and sells wigs
subtype: #modeler__modeller a person who creates models
instance: #Madame_Tussaud__Tussaud__tussaud__Marie_Tussaud__Marie_Grosholtz
subtype: #originator__conceiver__mastermind someone who creates new things
subtype: #beginner__founder__founding_father__father a person who founds or establishes some institution; "George Washington is the father of his country"
subtype: #cofounder one of a group of founders
subtype: #colonizer someone who helps to found a colony
instance: #Sir_Walter_Raleigh__Raleigh__Walter_Raleigh__Ralegh__Walter_Ralegh__Sir_Walter_Ralegh #Cecil_John_Rhodes__Rhodes__Cecil_Rhodes__Cecil_J._Rhodes
subtype: #foundress__foundres a woman founder
subtype: #innovator__pioneer someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art
subtype: #proposer__mover (parliamentary procedure) someone who makes a formal motion
subtype: #nominator someone who proposes a candidate for appointment or election
subtype: #suggester__proposer someone who advances a suggestion or proposal; "the suggester of this absurd strategy was a fool"
subtype: #producer someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)
subtype: #film_maker__film_producer__movie_maker__moviemaker a producer of motion pictures
subtype: #auteur a filmmaker who has a personal style and keeps creative control over his or her works
subtype: #New_Waver a film maker who follows New Wave ideas
instance: #Allen_Stewart_Konigsberg__Allen__Woody_Allen #Bernardo_Bertolucci__Bertolucci #Frank_Capra__Capra #Sir_Charles_Spencer_Chaplin__Chaplin__Charlie_Chaplin #Jean_Cocteau__Cocteau #Francis_Ford_Coppola__Coppola #Cecil_Blount_De_Mille__De_Mille__Cecil_B._De_Mille #Vittorio_De_Sica__De_Sica #Walter_Elias_Disney__Disney__Walt_Disney #Sergei_Mikhailovich_Eisenstein__Eisenstein__Sergei_Eisenstein #John_Ford__Ford #Jean_Luc_Godard__Godard #Samuel_Goldwyn__Goldwyn__Sam_Goldwyn #David_Lewelyn_Wark_Griffith__Griffith__D._W._Griffith #Howard_Robard_Hughes__Hughes__Howard_Hughes #John_Huston__Huston #Norman_Jewison__Jewison #Krzysztof_Kieslowski__Kieslowski #Sir_Alexander_Korda__Korda__Sandor_Kellner #Stanley_Kubrick__Kubrick #Akira_Kurosawa__Kurosawa #Shelton_Jackson_Lee__Lee__Spike_Lee #Ernst_Lubitsch__Lubitsch #George_Lucas__Lucas #Louis_Burt_Mayer__Mayer__Louis_B._Mayer #Sydney_Pollack__Pollack #Charles_Robert_Redford__Redford__Robert_Redford #Martin_Scorsese__Scorsese #David_Oliver_Selznick__Selznick__David_O._Selznick #Mack_Sennett__Sennett #Spielburg__Steven_Spielberg #George_Stevens__Stevens #Oliver_Stone__Stone #Quentin_Jerome_Tarantino__Tarantino__Quentin_Tarantino #Andrei_Arsenevich_Tarkovsky__Tarkovsky__Andrei_Tarkovsky #Jacques_Tati__Tati__Jacques_Tatischeff #Francois_Truffaut__Truffaut #Don_Luchino_Visconti_Conte_di_Modrone__Visconti__Luchino_Visconti #Josef_von_Sternberg__von_Sternberg #Andrzej_Wajda__Wajda #Charles_Dudley_Warner__Warner #George_Orson_Welles__Welles__Orson_Welles #Samuel_Wilder__Wilder__Billy_Wilder #William_Wyler__Wyler #Darryl_Francis_Zanuck__Zanuck__Darryl_Zanuck #Fred_Zinnemann__Zinnemann
subtype: #theatrical_producer someone who produces theatrical performances
instance: #Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker #Sir_Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree__Tree #Florenz_Ziegfeld__Ziegfeld__Flo_Ziegfeld
subtype: #disputant a person who disputes; who is good at or enjoys controversy
subtype: #accuser someone who imputes guilt or blame
subtype: #debater__arguer someone who engages in debate
subtype: #devil's_advocate__devil'sadvocate someone who takes the worse side just for the sake of argument
subtype: #disprover__rebutter__refuter a debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument
subtype: #wrangler someone who argues noisily or angrily
subtype: #denier one who denies
subtype: #logomach__logomachist someone given to disputes over words
subtype: #obstructionist__obstructor__obstructer__resister__thwarter someone who systematically obstructs some action that others want to take
subtype: #naysayer someone with an aggressively negative attitude
subtype: #stonewaller one who stonewalls or refuses to answer or cooperate
subtype: #quarreler__quarreller a disputant who quarrels
subtype: #quibbler__caviller__caviler__pettifogger a disputant who quibbles; someone who raises annoying petty objections
subtype: #radical a person who has radical ideas or opinions
subtype: #anarchist__nihilist__syndicalist an advocate of anarchism
instance: #Mikhail_Aleksandrovich_Bakunin__Bakunin__Mikhail_Bakunin #Emma_Goldman__Goldman #Pyotr_Alexeyevich_Kropotkin__Kropotkin__Prince_Peter_Kropotkin #Nicola_Sacco__Sacco #Benjamin_Ricketson_Tucker__Tucker #Bartolomeo_Vanzetti__Vanzetti
subtype: #Bolshevik__Marxist__pinko__red__bolshie emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries
subtype: #extremist a person who holds extreme views
subtype: #leveler__leveller a radical who advocates the abolition of political or economic or social inequalities
subtype: #revolutionist__revolutionary__subversive__subverter a radical supporter of political or social revolution
subtype: #counterrevolutionist__counterrevolutionary a revolutionary whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by an earlier revolution
subtype: #dynamiter__dynamitist a person who uses dynamite in a revolutionary cause
subtype: #Girondist a member of the moderate republican party during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more radical rivals the Jacobins
subtype: #insurgent__insurrectionist__freedom_fighter__freedomfighter__rebel a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
subtype: #mutineer open rebellion and refusal to obey authorities (especially by seamen or soldiers)
instance: #Nat_Turner__Turner #Denmark_Vesey__Vesey #Sir_William_Wallace__Wallace
instance: #Marie_Anne_Charlotte_Corday_d'Armont__Corday__Charlotte_Corday #Georges_Jacques_Danton__Danton #Ernesto_Guevara_de_la_Serna__Guevara__Che_Guevara #Mao_Tsetung__Mao__Mao_Zedong #Jean_Paul_Marat__Marat #Jose_Julian_Marti__Marti #Karl_Marx__Marx #Comte_de_Mirabeau__Mirabeau__Honore-Gabriel_Victor_Riqueti #Maxmillien_Marie_Isidore_de_Robespierre__Robespierre #Leon_Trotsky__Trotsky__Lev_Davidovich_Bronstein #Francisco_Villa__Villa__Pancho_Villa__Doroteo_Arango #Emiliano_Zapata__Zapata #Zhou_En-lai__Chou_En-lai
subtype: #terrorist a radical who employs terror as a political weapon
instance: #Jacobin
subtype: #Trotskyite__Trotskyist__Trot radicals who support Trotsky's theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution
subtype: #Young_Turk a radical who agitates for reform
subtype: #reformist__reformer__crusader__meliorist a disputant who advocates reform
subtype: #abolitionist__emancipationist a reformer who favors abolishing slavery
instance: #Henry_Ward_Beecher__Beecher #John_Brown__Brown #Frederick_Douglass__Douglass #William_Lloyd_Garrison__Garrison #Harriet_Elizabeth_Beecher_Stowe__Stowe__Harriet_Beecher_Stowe #Arthur_Tappan__Tappan #Sojourner_Truth__Truth #Harriet_Tubman__Tubman #Theodore_Dwight_Weld__Weld
subtype: #birth-control_campaigner__birthcontrolcampaigner__birth-control_reformer__birthcontrolreformer a social reformer who advocates birth control and family planning
instance: #Marie_Charlotte_Carmichael_Stopes__Stopes__Marie_Stopes
subtype: #Chartist a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
subtype: #civil_rights_leader__civil_rights_worker a leader of the political movement dedicated to securing equal opportunity for members of minority groups
instance: #Julian_Bond__Bond #William_Edward_Burghardt_Du_Bois__Du_Bois__W._E._B._Du_Bois #Medgar_Wiley_Evers__Evers__Medgar_Evers #James_Leonard_Farmer__Farmer #Jesse_Louis_Jackson__Jackson__Jesse_Jackson #Martin_Luther_King_Jr.__King__Martin_Luther_King #Malcolm_X__Malcolm_Little #James_Howard_Meredith__Meredith__James_Meredith #Rosa_Parks__Parks #Paul_Bustill_Robeson__Robeson__robeson__paulrobeson #Roy_Wilkins__Wilkins #Whitney_Moore_Young_Jr.__Young__Whitney_Young
subtype: #protester__demonstrator someone who participates in a public display of group feeling
subtype: #picket.protester a protester posted by a labor organization outside a place of work
subtype: #dry__prohibitionist a reformer who opposes the use of intoxicating beverages
instance: #Carry_Amelia_Moore_Nation__Nation__Carry_Nation #Frances_Elizabeth_Caroline_Willard__Willard
subtype: #environmentalist__conservationist someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution
subtype: #Green an environmentalist who belongs to the Green Party
instance: #Rachel_Louise_Carson__Carson__Rachel_Carson #Barbara_Ward__Ward__Baroness_Jackson_of_Lodsworth
subtype: #feminist__women's_rightist__women'srightist__women's_liberationist__women'sliberationist__libber a supporter of feminism
subtype: #suffragette a woman advocate of women's right to vote (especially a militant advocate in the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century)
instance: #Simone_de_Beauvoir__Beauvoir #Betty_Naomi_Friedan__Friedan__Betty_Friedan #Charlotte_Anna_Perkins_Gilman__Gilman #Lucretia_Coffin_Mott__Mott #Alice_Paul__Paul #Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton__Stanton #Gloria_Steinem__Steinem #Lucy_Stone__Stone #Sojourner_Truth__Truth #Mary_Wollstonecraft_Godwin__Wollstonecraft__Mary_Wollstonecraft #Frances_Wright__Wright__Fanny_Wright
subtype: #hippie__hippy__hipster__flowerchild someone who rejects the established culture; advocates extreme liberalism in politics and lifestyle
subtype: #insurgent__insurrectionist__freedom_fighter__freedomfighter__rebel a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
subtype: #militant__activist a militant reformer
subtype: #Black_Muslim activist member of a largely Black American group called The Nation of Islam
instance: #Elijah_Muhammad__Muhammad
subtype: #Black_Panther a member of the Black Panthers political party
instance: #Malcolm_X__Malcolm_Little
subtype: #non-resistant__nonresistant__passive_resister__passiveresister a reformer who believes in passive resistance
subtype: #Utopian an idealistic (but usually impractical) social reformer; "a Utopian believes in the ultimate perfectibility of man"
instance: #Anthony_Comstock__Comstock #John_Huss__Huss__Hus__Jan_Hus #Robert_Owen__Owen #Girolamo_Savonarola__Savonarola #Francis_Everett_Townsend__Townsend #John_Wilkes__Wilkes
subtype: #engineer__applied_scientist__appliedscientist__technologist a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
subtype: #aeronautical_engineer an engineer concerned with the design and construction of aircraft
instance: #Reginald_Joseph_Mitchell__Mitchell__R._J._Mitchell
subtype: #aerospace_engineer__aerospaceengineer an engineer of aircraft and space vehicles
subtype: #army_engineer__military_engineer a member of the military who is trained in engineering and construction work
subtype: #sapper a military engineer who does sapping (digging trenches or undermining fortifications)
subtype: #sapper.army_engineer a military engineer who lays or detects and disarms mines
subtype: #automotive_engineer an engineer concerned with the design and construction of automobiles
subtype: #civil_engineer__civilengineer an engineer trained to design and construct and maintain public works (roads or bridges or harbors etc.)
subtype: #highway_engineer__highwayengineer a civil engineer who specializes in the design and construction of roads and highways
instance: #David_Barnard_Steinman__Steinman
subtype: #electrical_engineer a person trained in practical applications of the theory of electricity
instance: #Vannevar_Bush__Bush #Lee_De_Forest__De_Forest__The_Father_of_Radio #Ray_M._Dolby__Dolby #Oliver_Heaviside__Heaviside #Arthur_Edwin_Kennelly__Kennelly__A._E._Kennelly #Guglielmo_Marconi__Marconi #Ernst_Werner_von_Siemens__Siemens #Sir_Clive_Marles_Sinclair__Sinclair__Clive_Sinclair #Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz__Steinmetz #Nikola_Tesla__Tesla #Elihu_Thomson__Thomson
subtype: #marine_engineer__naval_engineer__navalengineer an officer responsible for the operation and maintenance of the ship's engines
subtype: #mechanical_engineer a person trained to design and construct machines
subtype: #tribologist a specialist in tribology
subtype: #metallurgist__metallurgical_engineer__metallurgicalengineer an engineer trained in the extraction and refining and alloying and fabrication of metals
instance: #Sir_Henry_Bessemer__Bessemer
subtype: #mining_engineer an engineer concerned with the construction and operation of mines
subtype: #computer_programmer__programmer__coder__softwareengineer a person who designs and writes and tests computer programs
subtype: #hacker.computer_programmer a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers
subtype: #rocket_engineer__rocket_scientist an engineer who builds and tests rockets
instance: #Wernher_Magnus_Maximilian_von_Braun__Braun__von_Braun__Wernher_von_Braun
subtype: #surveyor an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures
subtype: #lineman.surveyor the surveyor who marks positions with a range pole
subtype: #locator__locater a person who fixes the boundaries of land claims
instance: #Gottlieb_Daimler__Daimler #Rudolf_Christian_Karl_Diesel__Diesel__Rudolf_Diesel #Bryan_Donkin__Donkin #Alexandre_Gustave_Eiffel__Eiffel #George_Washington_Goethals__Goethals #Hugo_Junkers__Junkers #Charles_Franklin_Kettering__Kettering__Charles_Kettering #Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci #John_Augustus_Roebling__Roebling__John_Roebling #Claude_Elwood_Shannon__Shannon__shannon__Claude_Shannon__Claude_E._Shannon #Sir_Charles_William_Siemens__Siemens__Karl_Wilhelm_Siemens #Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry__Sperry #Richard_Trevithick__Trevithick #Thomas_Augustus_Watson__Watson #James_Watt__Watt
subtype: #entertainer a person who tries to please or amuse
subtype: #bombshell.entertainer an entertainer who has a sensational effect; "she was a blonde bombshell"
subtype: #busker a person who entertains people for money in public places (as by singing or dancing)
subtype: #drawing_card__drawingcard__draw__attraction__attractor an entertainer who attracts large audiences; "he was the biggest drawing card they had"
subtype: #humorist__humourist someone who acts speaks or writes in an amusing way
subtype: #parodist__lampooner mimics literary or musical style for comic effect
subtype: #caricaturist someone who parodies in an exaggerated manner
instance: #Sir_Henry_Maxmilian_Beerbohm__Beerbohm__Max_Beerbohm
subtype: #punster someone overly fond of making puns
subtype: #satirist__ironist a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm
instance: #Juvenal__Decimus_Junius_Juvenalis #Francois_Rabelais__Rabelais #Jonathan_Swift__Swift__Dean_Swift
subtype: #wag__wit__card (informal) a witty amusing person who makes jokes
instance: #Robert_Charles_Benchley__Benchley__Robert_Benchley #Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens__Clemens__Mark_Twain #Ringgold_Wilmer_Lardner__Lardner__Ring_Lardner #Stephen_Butler_Leacock__Leacock__Stephen_Leacock #Edward_Lear__Lear #Donald_Robert_Perry_Marquis__Marquis__Don_Marquis__donmarqui #William_Penn_Adair_Rogers__Rogers__Will_Rogers #Henry_Wheeler_Shaw__Shaw__Josh_Billings #James_Grover_Thurber__Thurber__James_Thurber
subtype: #master_of_ceremonies__emcee__host a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)
subtype: #compere British term for someone who introduces television acts or cabarets etc
subtype: #Lord_of_Misrule a person appointed master of revels at a Christmas celebration
subtype: #question_master__quizmaster (British) the host or chairman of a radio or tv quiz show or panel game
subtype: #ringmaster the person in charge of performances in a circus ring
subtype: #toastmaster the person who proposes toasts and introduces speakers at a banquet
subtype: #toast_mistress a woman toastmaster
instance: #Edward_Vincent_Sullivan__Sullivan__Ed_Sullivan
subtype: #performer__performing_artist an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience
subtype: #histrion__actor__player__thespian__role_player a theatrical performer
subtype: #actress__actres a female actor
subtype: #leading_lady__leadinglady actress who plays the leading female role
subtype: #starlet a young (film) actress who is publicized as a future star
subtype: #tragedienne an actress who specializes in tragic roles
instance: #Tallulah_Bankhead__Bankhead #Georgiana_Emma_Barrymore__Barrymore__Georgiana_Barrymore #Ethel_Barrymore__Barrymore #Ingrid_Bergman__Bergman #Sarah_Bernhardt__Bernhardt__Henriette_Rosine_Bernard #Shirley_Temple_Black__Black__Shirley_Temple #Katherine_Cornell__Cornell #Joan_Crawford__Crawford #Bette_Davis__Davis #Marlene_Dietrich__Dietrich__Maria_Magdalene_von_Losch #Eleonora_Duse__Duse #Jane_Fonda__Fonda #Lynn_Fontanne__Fontanne #Greta_Garbo__Garbo__Greta_Louisa_Gustafsson #Judy_Garland__Garland #Lillian_Gish__Gish #Jean_Harlow__Harlow__Harlean_Carpenter #Helen_Hayes__Hayes #Katharine_Houghton_Hepburn__Hepburn__hepburn__Katharine_Hepburn #Glenda_Jackson__Jackson #Grace_Patricia_Kelly__Kelly__Grace_Kelly__Princess_Grace_of_Monaco #Lillie_Langtry__Langtry__the_Jersey_Lillie__Emilie_Charlotte_le_Breton #Gertrude_Lawrence__Lawrence #Eva_Le_Gallienne__Le_Gallienne #Vivien_Leigh__Leigh #Beatrice_Lillie__Lillie__Lady_Peel #Sophia_Loren__Loren__Sofia_Scicolone #Mary_Martin__Martin #Anna_Amalia_Mercouri__Mercouri__Melina_Mercouri #Marilyn_Monroe__Monroe__Norma_Jean_Baker #Alla_Nazimova__Nazimova #Mary_Pickford__Pickford__Gladys_Smith #Ginger_Rogers__Rogers__Virginia_McMath #Moira_Shearer__Shearer #Sarah_Kemble_Siddons__Siddons__Sarah_Siddons #Cornelia_Otis_Skinner__Skinner #Meryl_Streep__Streep #Barbra_Joan_Streisand__Streisand__Barbra_Streisand #Gloria_Swanson__Swanson__Gloria_May_Josephine_Svensson #Elizabeth_Taylor__Taylor #Dame_Alice_Ellen_Terry__Terry__Dame_Ellen_Terry #Dame_Sybil_Thorndike__Thorndike #Ethel_Waters__Waters #Mae_West__West #Natalie_Wood__Wood #Loretta_Young__Young
subtype: #barnstormer__playactor__trouper an actor who travels around the country presenting plays
subtype: #character_actor__characteractor an actor who specializes in playing supporting roles
subtype: #comedian an actor in a comedy
subtype: #comedienne.comedian a female actor in a comedy
instance: #Eleanor_Gwynn__Gwynn__Gywn__Gynne__Nell_Gwynn__Nell_Gywn__Nell_Gwynne__Eleanor_Gwyn__Eleanor_Gwynne
subtype: #ham_actor__hamactor__ham an unskilled actor who overacts
subtype: #heavy.histrion an actor who plays villainous roles
subtype: #ingenue.histrion an actress who specializes in playing the role of an artless innocent young girl
subtype: #leading_man__leadingman actor who plays the leading male role
subtype: #mime__mimer__mummer__pantomimer__pantomimist an actor who communicates entirely by gesture and facial expression
instance: #Marcel_Marceau__Marceau
subtype: #plant.histrion an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
subtype: #scene-stealer__scenestealer an actor who draws more attention than other actors in the same scene; "babies are natural scene-stealers"
subtype: #star.histrion__principal__lead an actor who plays a principal role
subtype: #co-star one of two actors who are given equal status as stars in a play or film
subtype: #film_star__movie_star__moviestar a star who plays leading roles in the cinema
subtype: #matinee_idol__matineeidol__idol someone who is adored blindly and excessively
subtype: #heartthrob an object of infatuation
subtype: #television_star__TV_star a star in a television show
subtype: #supernumerary__spear_carrier__spearcarrier__extra a minor actor in crowd scenes
subtype: #tragedian.histrion one who specializes in tragic roles
subtype: #understudy__standby an actor able to replace a regular performer when required
subtype: #upstager a selfish actor who upstages the other actors
subtype: #walk-on plays a small part in a dramatic production
instance: #Allen_Stewart_Konigsberg__Allen__Woody_Allen #Fred_Astaire__Astaire #Maurice_Barrymore__Barrymore__Herbert_Blythe #Lionel_Barrymore__Barrymore #John_Barrymore__Barrymore #Humphrey_DeForest_Bogart__Bogart__Humphrey_Bogart #John_Wilkes_Booth__Booth #Richard_Burbage__Burbage__burbage #Richard_Burton__Burton #Jimmy_Cagney__Cagney__James_Cagney #Maurice_Chevalier__Chevalier #Frank_Cooper__Cooper__Gary_Cooper #Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward #Harry_Lillis_Crosby__Crosby__Bing_Crosby #James_Byron_Dean__Dean__James_Dean #Robert_De_Niro__De_Niro #Gerard_Depardieu__Depardieu #John_Drew__Drew #Douglas_Elton_Fairbanks__Fairbanks__Douglas_Fairbanks__Julius_Ullman #Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.__Fairbanks #Henry_Fonda__Fonda #William_Clark_Gable__Gable__gable__Clark_Gable #David_Garrick__Garrick__garrick #Mel_Columcille_Gerard_Gibson__Gibson__Mel_Gibson #Arthur_John_Gielgud__Gielgud__Sir_John_Gielgud #Cary_Grant__Grant #Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker #Sir_Alec_Guinness__Guinness__Alec_Guinness #Thomas_J._Hanks__Hanks__Tom_Hanks #Reginald_Carey_Harrison__Harrison__Rex_Harrison__Sir_Rex_Harrison #John_Heming__Heming__Hemminge__John_Hemminge #Dustin_Hoffman__Hoffman #Sir_Anthony_Philip_Hopkins__Hopkins__Anthony_Hopkins__Sir_Anthony_Hopkins #Leslie_Howard_Stainer__Howard__Leslie_Howard #Al_Jolson__Jolson__Asa_Yoelson #Boris_Karloff__Karloff__William_Henry_Pratt #Edmund_Kean__Kean #Joseph_Francis_Keaton__Keaton__Buster_Keaton #Eugene_Curran_Kelly__Kelly__Gene_Kelly #Charles_Laughton__Laughton #Lee_Yuen_Kam__Lee__Bruce_Lee #Jack_Lemmon__Lemmon__John_Uhler #Harold_Clayton_Lloyd__Lloyd__Harold_Lloyd #Peter_Lorre__Lorre__Laszlo_Lowestein #Bela_Lugosi__Lugosi__Bela_Ferenc_Blasko #Alfred_Lunt__Lunt #E._G._Marshall__Marshall #Steve_Martin__Martin #James_Neville_Mason__Mason__James_Mason #Robert_Mitchum__Mitchum #Dudley_Stuart_John_Moore__Moore__Dudley_Moore #Paul_Newman__Newman #Sir_Laurence_Kerr_Olivier__Olivier__Laurence_Olivier__Baron_Olivier_of_Birghton #Peter_Seamus_O'Toole__O'Toole__Peter_O'Toole #Sidney_Poitier__Poitier #Charles_Robert_Redford__Redford__Robert_Redford #Sir_Ralph_David_Richardson__Richardson__Ralph_Richardson #Edward_Goldenberg_Robinson__Robinson__Edward_G._Robinson #George_C._Scott__Scott #Peter_Sellers__Sellers #Francis_Albert_Sinatra__Sinatra__Frank_Sinatra #Otis_Skinner__Skinner #Konstantin_Sergeevich_Stanislavsky__Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Sergevich_Alekseev #James_Maitland_Stewart__Stewart__Jimmy_Stewart #Erich_von_Stroheim__Stroheim #Spencer_Tracy__Tracy #Sir_Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree__Tree #Peter_Alexander_Ustinov__Ustinov__Sir_Peter_Ustinov #John_Wayne__Wayne__Duke_Wayne #George_Orson_Welles__Welles__Orson_Welles
subtype: #artiste a public performer (a dancer or singer)
subtype: #baton_twirler__batontwirler__twirler someone who twirls a baton
subtype: #drum_majorette.baton_twirler__drummajorette a female baton twirler who accompanies a marching band
subtype: #comic__comedian a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comic acts
subtype: #merry_andrew__merryandrew__clown__buffoon a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior
subtype: #harlequin a clown or buffoon (after the Harlequin character in the commedia dell'arte)
subtype: #jester__fool a professional clown employed to to entertain a king or nobleman in the middle ages
subtype: #whiteface a clown whose face is covered with white make-up
subtype: #zany a buffoon in one of the old comedies; imitates others for ludicrous effect
instance: #Emmett_Kelly__Kelly__Weary_Willie
subtype: #comedienne a female comedian
subtype: #gagman__standup_comedian__standupcomedian a comedian who uses gags
subtype: #jokester__joker a person who enjoys telling or playing jokes
subtype: #top_banana__topbanana the leading comedian in a burlesque show
instance: #George_Burns__Burns__Nathan_Birnbaum #Sir_Charles_Spencer_Chaplin__Chaplin__Charlie_Chaplin #Jimmy_Durante__Durante #W._C._Fields__Fields__William_Claude_Dukenfield #Oliver_Hardy__Hardy #Benny_Hill__Hill__Alfred_Hawthorne #Leslie_Townes_Hope__Hope__Bob_Hope #Joseph_Francis_Keaton__Keaton__Buster_Keaton #Sir_Harry_MacLennan_Lauder__Lauder__Harry_Lauder #Arthur_Stanley_Jefferson_Laurel__Laurel__Stan_Laurel #Steve_Martin__Martin #Julius_Marx__Groucho__groucho__marx #Leonard_Marx__Chico__Marx #Arthur_Marx__Harpo__Marx #Herbert_Marx__Zeppo__Marx #Dudley_Stuart_John_Moore__Moore__Dudley_Moore
subtype: #rodeo_rider__rodeorider__cowboy a performer who gives exhibitions of riding and roping and bulldogging
subtype: #professional_dancer__dancer a performer who dances
subtype: #ballet_dancer a dancer who is a member of a ballet company
subtype: #ballerina__danseuse a female ballet dancer
subtype: #prima_ballerina__primaballerina a leading female ballet dancer
subtype: #danseur_noble__danseurnoble__danseur a male ballet dancer who is the partner of a ballerina
subtype: #ballet_master a man who directs and teaches and rehearses dancers for a ballet company
subtype: #baller_mistress a woman who directs and teaches and rehearses dancers for a ballet company
subtype: #belly_dancer__bellydancer__exotic_dancer a woman who performs a solo Oriental dance using exaggerated abdominal movements
subtype: #chorus_girl__showgirl__chorine a woman who dances in a chorus line
subtype: #hoofer__stepper a professional dancer
subtype: #nautch_girl a professional dancing girl in India
subtype: #tap_dancer__tapdancer a dancer who who sounds out rhythms by using metal taps on the toes and heels of the shoes
subtype: #taxi_dancer a woman employed to dance with patrons who pay a fee for each dance
instance: #Alicia_Alonso__Alonso #Fred_Astaire__Astaire #George_Balanchine__Balanchine #Mikhail_Baryshnikov__Baryshnikov #Merce_Cunningham__Cunningham #Agnes_George_De_Mille__De_Mille__Agnes_De_Mille #Isadora_Duncan__Duncan #Dame_Margot_Fonteyn__Fonteyn #Martha_Graham__Graham #Judith_Jamison__Jamison #Tamara_Karsavina__Karsavina #Eugene_Curran_Kelly__Kelly__Gene_Kelly #Dame_Alicia_Markova__Markova__Lilian_Alicia_Marks #Leonide_Fedorovitch_Massine__leonidefedorovitchmassine__Massine__Leonid_Fyodorovich_Myasin #Arthur_Mitchell__Mitchell #Lola_Montez__Montez__Marie_Dolores_Eliza_Rosanna_Gilbert #Vaslav_Nijinsky__Nijinsky__Waslaw_Nijinsky #Rudolf_Nureyev__Nureyev #Anna_Pavlova__Pavlova #Ginger_Rogers__Rogers__Virginia_McMath #Salome #Ted_Shawn__Shawn #Moira_Shearer__Shearer #Ruth_St._Denis__St._Denis__Saint_Denis__Ruth_Saint_Denis #Maria_Tallchief__Tallchief #Twyla_Tharp__Tharp #Antony_Tudor__Tudor #Galina_Sergeevna_Ulanova__Ulanova__Galina_Ulanova #Gaetan_Vestris__Vestris
subtype: #executant a performer (usually of musical works)
subtype: #fire-swallower__fire-eater a performer who pretends to swallow fire
subtype: #fire_walker someone who walks barefoot on burning coals
subtype: #headliner__star a performer who receives prominent billing
subtype: #juggler a performer who juggles objects and performs tricks of manual dexterity
subtype: #magician__prestidigitator__conjurer__conjuror__illusionist someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience
subtype: #escapologist__escape_expert someone who is expert in the art of escaping
subtype: #mind_reader__telepathist__thoughtreader a magician who seems to discern the thoughts of another person (usually by clever signals from an accomplice)
subtype: #minstrel a performer in a minstrel show
subtype: #corner_man__end_man__endman a man at one end of line of performers in a minstrel show; carries on humorous dialogue with the interlocutor
subtype: #interlocutor__middleman the performer in the middle of a minstrel line who engages the others in talk
subtype: #monologist an entertainer who performs along
subtype: #instrumentalist__musician__player someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)
subtype: #accompanist__accompanyist a person who provides musical accompaniment (usually on a piano)
subtype: #bandsman a player in a band (especially a military band)
subtype: #bassoonist a musician who plays the bassoon
subtype: #bell_ringer__bellringer someone who plays musical handbells
subtype: #carillonneur a musician who plays a carillon
subtype: #cellist some who plays a violoncello
instance: #Pablo_Casals__Casals
subtype: #clarinetist__clarinettist a musician who plays the clarinet
instance: #Benjamin_David_Goodman__Goodman__goodman__Benny_Goodman__the_King_of_Swing
subtype: #flutist__flute_player__fluteplayer someone who plays the flute
subtype: #guitarist__guitar_player a musician who plays the guitar
instance: #James_Marshall_Hendrix__Hendrix__Jimi_Hendrix #Riley_B_King__King__B._B._King #Andres_Segovia__Segovia__segovia
subtype: #harpist__harper someone who plays the harp
subtype: #harpsichordist someone who plays the harpsichord
instance: #Wanda_Landowska__Landowska
subtype: #jazz_musician__jazzman a musician who plays or composes jazz music
subtype: #syncopator a musician who plays syncopated jazz music (usually in a dance band); "they called themselves the Dixie Syncopators"
instance: #Louis_Armstrong__Armstrong__Satchmo #Miles_Dewey_Davis_Jr.__Davis__Miles_Davis #Edward_Kennedy_Ellington__Ellington__Duke_Ellington #Lionel_Hampton__Hampton__hampton #Woodrow_Charles_Herman__Herman__Woody_Herman #Thelonious_Sphere_Monk__Monk__Thelonious_Monk #Ferdinand_Joseph_La_Menthe_Morton__Morton__Jelly_Roll_Morton #King_Oliver__Oliver__Joseph_Oliveer #Arthur_Tatum__Tatum__Art_Tatum #Thomas_Wright_Waller__Waller__Fats_Waller
subtype: #koto_player a (Japanese) musician who plays the koto
subtype: #lutist__lutanist__lutenist a musician who plays the lute
subtype: #oboist a musician who plays the oboe
subtype: #organist a person who plays an organ
instance: #Johann_Sebastian_Bach__Bach #Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer
subtype: #percussionist a musician who plays percussion instruments
subtype: #drummer someone who plays a drum
subtype: #tympanist__timpanist a person who plays the kettledrums
instance: #Ringo_Starr__Starr__Richard_Starkey
subtype: #xylophonist someone who plays a xylophone
subtype: #pianist__piano_player__pianoplayer a person who plays the piano
instance: #Frederic_Francois_Chopin__Chopin #Karl_Czerny__Czerny #Dame_Myra_Hess__Hess #Vladimir_Horowitz__Horowitz #Jerry_Lee_Lewis__Lewis #Franz_Liszt__Liszt #Ignace_Jan_Paderewski__Paderewski #Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninoff__Sergei_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninov__Sergei_Rachmaninov__Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninov #Anton_Grigorevich_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Anton_Gregor_Rubinstein #Arthur_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Artur_Rubinstein #Artur_Schnabel__Schnabel #Rudolf_Serkin__Serkin
subtype: #piper__bagpiper someone who plays the bagpipe
subtype: #pipe_major the chief piper in a band of bagpipes
subtype: #recorder_player someone who plays the recorder
subtype: #rhythm_and_blues_musician a performer (and sometimes composer) of rhythm and blues music
instance: #Antoine_Domino__Domino__Fats_Domino
subtype: #rock_'n'_roll_musician__rocker a performer (or composer) of rock music
subtype: #rock_star a famous singer of rock music
instance: #Charles_Edward_Berry__Berry__Chuck_Berry #William_John_Clifton_Haley_Jr.__Haley__Bill_Haley #George_Harrison__Harrison #Buddy_Holly__Holly__Charles_Hardin_Holley #Michael_Philip_Jagger__Jagger__Mick_Jagger #John_Lennon__Lennon #Jerry_Lee_Lewis__Lewis #Sir_James_Paul_McCartney__McCartney__Paul_McCartney #James_Douglas_Morrison__Morrison__Jim_Morrison #Elvis_Aron_Presley__Presley__Elvis_Presley #Ringo_Starr__Starr__Richard_Starkey
subtype: #saxophonist a musician who plays the saxophone
instance: #Coleman_Hawkins__colemanhawkin__Hawkins #Charles_Christopher_Parker__Parker__Charlie_Parker__Yardbird_Parker__Bird_Parker #Lester_Willis_Young__Young__Pres_Young
subtype: #singer__vocalist__vocalizer__vocaliser a person who sings
subtype: #alto.singer a singer whose voice lies in the alto clef
subtype: #countertenor a male singer with a voice above that of a tenor
subtype: #baritone__barytone a male singer
subtype: #basso__bass an adult male singer with the lowest voice
subtype: #canary (informal) a female singer
subtype: #caroler__caroller a singer of carols
subtype: #castrato a male singer who was castrated before puberty and retains a soprano or alto voice
subtype: #chorister a singer in a choir
subtype: #choirboy a boy who sings in a choir
subtype: #contralto a woman singer having a contralto voice
instance: #Marian_Anderson__Anderson #Ernestine_Schumann-Heink__Schumann-Heink
subtype: #crooner__balladeer a singer of popular ballads
instance: #Harry_Lillis_Crosby__Crosby__Bing_Crosby #Francis_Albert_Sinatra__Sinatra__Frank_Sinatra
subtype: #folk_singer__jongleur__minstrel__poet-singer__troubadour a singer of folk songs
instance: #Woodrow_Wilson_Guthrie__Guthrie__Woody_Guthrie #Peter_Seeger__Seeger__Pete_Seeger
subtype: #hummer a singer who produces a tune without opening the lips or forming words
subtype: #lieder_singer a singer of lieder
subtype: #madrigalist a singer of madrigals
subtype: #opera_star__operastar__operatic_star singer of lead role in an opera
subtype: #diva__prima_donna a distinguished female operatic singer; a female operatic star
subtype: #rock_star a famous singer of rock music
subtype: #songster a person who sings
subtype: #songstress a woman songster (especially of popular songs)
subtype: #soprano a female singer
subtype: #coloratura_soprano__coloratura a lyric soprano who specializes in coloratura vocal music
instance: #Maria_Meneghini_Callas__Callas__Maria_Callas #Dame_Nellie_Melba__Melba__Helen_Porter_Mitchell
subtype: #mezzo__mezzo-soprano a soprano with a voice between soprano and contralto
instance: #Eileen_Farrell__Farrell #Jenny_Lind__Lind__Swedish_Nightingale #Marta_Brigit_Nilsson__Nilsson__Brigit_Nilsson #Jessye_Norman__Norman #Mary_Leontyne_Price__Price__Leontyne_Price #Beverly_Sills__Sills #Dame_Joan_Sutherland__Sutherland__Joan_Sutherland #Renata_Tebaldi__Tebaldi #Dame_Kiri_Janette_Te_Kanawa__Te_Kanawa__Dame_Kiri_Te_Kanawa #Helen_Traubel__Traubel
subtype: #tenor an adult male with a tenor voice
instance: #Enrico_Caruso__Caruso #Placido_Domingo__Domingo__domingo #John_McCormick__McCormick #Lauritz_Lebrecht_Hommel_Melchior__Melchior__Lauritz_Melchior #Luciano_Pavarotti__Pavarotti
subtype: #thrush.singer (informal) a woman who sings popular songs
subtype: #torch_singer__torchsinger a singer (usually a woman) who specializes in singing torch songs
subtype: #voice.singer (metonymy) a singer; "he wanted to hear trained voices sing it"
subtype: #yodeller a singer who changes register rapidly (popular is Swiss folk songs)
instance: #Pearl_Mae_Bailey__Bailey__Pearl_Bailey #Maurice_Chevalier__Chevalier #Marlene_Dietrich__Dietrich__Maria_Magdalene_von_Losch #Bob_Dylan__Dylan #Ella_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald #Judy_Garland__Garland #Julio_Iglesias__Iglesias #Mahalia_Jackson__Jackson #Michael_Joe_Jackson__Jackson__Michael_Jackson #Al_Jolson__Jolson__Asa_Yoelson #Janis_Joplin__Joplin #Riley_B_King__King__B._B._King #Sir_Harry_MacLennan_Lauder__Lauder__Harry_Lauder #Madonna_Louise_Ciccone__Madonna #Robert_Nesta_Marley__Marley__Bob_Marley #Dean_Martin__Dino_Paul_Crocetti__Martin #Ethel_Merman__Merman #Roy_Orbison__Orbison #Edith_Piaf__Piaf__Edith_Giovanna_Gassion__Little_Sparrow #Paul_Bustill_Robeson__Robeson__robeson__paulrobeson #Paul_Simon__Simon #Bessie_Smith__Smith #Kathryn_Elizabeth_Smith__Smith__Kate_Smith #Barbra_Joan_Streisand__Streisand__Barbra_Streisand #Sarah_Vaughan__Vaughan #Ethel_Waters__Waters #Tammy_Wynette__Wynette__Tammy_Wynetter_Pugh
subtype: #sitar_player__sitarplayer a musician who plays the sitar
instance: #Ravi_Shankar__Shankar
subtype: #soloist a musician who performs a solo
subtype: #recitalist a musician who gives recitals
subtype: #trombonist__trombone_player a musician who plays the trombone
subtype: #cornetist__trumpeter a musician who plays the trumpet or cornet
subtype: #bugler someone who plays a bugle
instance: #Louis_Armstrong__Armstrong__Satchmo #John_Birks_Gillespie__Gillespie__Dizzy_Gillespie
subtype: #violinist__fiddler a musician who plays the violin
instance: #Georges_Enesco__Enesco__George_Enescu #Stephane_Grappelli__Grappelli #Fritz_Kreisler__Kreisler #Sir_Yehudi_Menuhin__Menuhin__Yehudi_Menuhin #Niccolo_Paganini__Paganini #Isaac_Stern__Stern #Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi__Vivaldi__Antonio_Vivaldi #Efrem_Zimbalist__Zimbalist #Pinchas_Zukerman__Zukerman
subtype: #puppeteer one who operates puppets or marionettes
instance: #Jim_Henson__Henson
subtype: #Savoyard.performer__savoyard a person who performs in the operettas of Gilbert and Sullivan
subtype: #snake_charmer a performer who uses movements and music to control snakes
subtype: #straight_man a performer who acts as stooge to a comedian
subtype: #stripper__striptease_artist__striptease__stripteaser__exotic_dancer__ecdysiast__peeler a performer who provides erotic entertainment by undressing to music
instance: #Gypsy_Rose_Lee__Lee__Rose_Louise_Hovick
subtype: #vaudevillian a performer who works in vaudeville
instance: #George_Burns__Burns__Nathan_Birnbaum #Sophie_Tucker__Tucker
subtype: #ventriloquist a performer who projects the voice into a wooden dummy
subtype: #pleaser a pleasing entertainer; "he is quite the crowd pleaser"
subtype: #expert a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully
subtype: #adept__ace__maven__virtuoso__genius__hotshot__star__whiz__whizz__wizard__wiz someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
subtype: #track_star__trackstar a star runner
subtype: #agronomist an expert in soil management and field-crop production
subtype: #all-rounder__allrounder__all_arounder__allarounder a versatile person who is expert at many things; "she's the best all-rounder they've seen in years"
subtype: #analyst someone who is skilled at analyzing data
subtype: #intelligence_analyst a government analyst of information about an enemy or potential enemy
subtype: #assayer an analyst who assays (performs chemical tests on) metals
subtype: #systems_analyst__systemsanalyst a person skilled at systems analysis
subtype: #analyst.expert an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
subtype: #credit_analyst an analyst who studies the financial statements and financial history of applicants for credit in order to evaluate their creditworthiness
subtype: #financial_analyst__financialanalyst__securities_analyst an analyst who studies the financial performance of corporations
subtype: #industry_analyst an analyst of conditions affecting a particular industry
subtype: #oil-industry_analyst an analyst of the oil industry
subtype: #market_analyst an analyst of conditions affecting a market (especially the stock market)
subtype: #anatomist an expert in anatomy
subtype: #comparative_anatomist__comparativeanatomist anatomist who compares the anatomy of different animals
instance: #Sir_Richard_Owen__Owen
subtype: #histologist anatomist who specializes in the microscopic study of animal tissues
instance: #Camillo_Golgi__Golgi #Marcello_Malpighi__Malpighi #Santiago_Ramon_y_Cajal__Ramon_y_Cajal #Theodor_Schwann__Schwann
instance: #Bartolommeo_Eustachio__Eustachio #Herbert_McLean_Evans__Evans #Galen #Georg_Meissner__Meissner #Johannes_Peter_Muller__Muller #Andreas_Vesalius__Vesalius #Kaspar_Friedrich_Wolff__Wolff
subtype: #antiquary__antiquarian an expert or collector of antiquities
subtype: #arbiter__supreme_authority__supremeauthority someone with the power to settle matters at will; "she was the final arbiter on all matters of fashion"
subtype: #archer__bowman a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow
subtype: #longbowman a medieval English archer who used a longbow
instance: #William_Tell__Tell
subtype: #authority.expert an expert whose views are taken as definitive; "he is an authority on corporate law"
subtype: #adviser__advisor__consultant an expert who gives advice
subtype: #amicus_curiae__friend_of_the_court an adviser to the court on some matter of law who is not a party to the case; usually someone who wants to influence the outcome of a lawsuit involving matters of wide public interest
subtype: #backroom_boy__brain_truster__braintruster an expert adviser involved in making important decisions but usually lacking official status
subtype: #beauty_consultant someone who gives you advice about your personal appearance
subtype: #counselor__counsellor some who gives advice about problems
subtype: #Dutch_uncle a counselor who admonishes frankly and sternly
instance: #Nestor
subtype: #county_agent__agricultural_agent__extension_agent__extensionagent an advisor employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics
subtype: #fashion_consultant__fashionconsultant__fashionmonger someone who advises you about fashionable clothing
subtype: #investment_adviser__investment_advisor someone who advises others how to invest their money
subtype: #management_consultant adviser to business about efficient management practices
subtype: #media_consultant__mediaconsultant__medai_guru__medaiguru someone who advises about the use of communication media
subtype: #security_consultant an adviser about alarm systems to prevent burglaries
subtype: #tipster__tout one who sells advice about gambling or speculation (especially at the racetrack)
subtype: #Church_Father__Father an early writer accepted as an authority on the teachings and practices of the Christian church
subtype: #connoisseur__cognoscenti an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts
subtype: #esthete__aesthete one who professes great sensitivity to the beauty of art and nature
subtype: #oenophile__oenophilist__wine_lover a connoisseur of fine wines; a grape nut
subtype: #evaluator__judge an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality
subtype: #valuator__appraiser one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of things
subtype: #valuer (Brit) someone who assesses the monetary worth of possessions
subtype: #critic.evaluator anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something
subtype: #appraiser__authenticator one who determines authenticity (as of works of art) or who guarantees validity
subtype: #drama_critic__dramacritic__theater_critic__theatercritic a critic of theatrical performances
instance: #Alexander_Woollcott__Woollcott
subtype: #grader a judge who assigns grades to something
subtype: #wool_sorter__wool_stapler a person who sorts wool into different grades
subtype: #music_critic__musiccritic a critic of musical performances
instance: #Joseph_Deems_Taylor__Taylor__Deems_Taylor
subtype: #panelist__panellist a member of a panel
subtype: #juror__juryman__jurywoman someone who serves (or waits to be called to serve) on a jury
subtype: #foreperson the presiding member of the jury and the one who speaks on their behalf
subtype: #foreman a man who is foreperson of a jury
subtype: #forelady__forewoman a woman who is foreperson of a jury
subtype: #petit_juror__petitjuror__petty_juror__pettyjuror a member of a petit jury
subtype: #reviewer__referee__reader someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication
subtype: #scanner.reviewer someone who scans verse to determine the number and prosodic value of the syllables
subtype: #taster__tastetester__sampler someone who samples food or drink for its quality
subtype: #wine_taster a taster who evaluates the quality of wines
subtype: #liturgist an authority on liturgies
subtype: #master.authority__professional an authority qualified to teach apprentices
subtype: #past_master.master__pastmaster someone who was formerly a master
subtype: #black_belt.expert__blackbelt a person who attained the rank of expert in the martial arts (judo or karate)
subtype: #calculator__reckoner__figurer__computer an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)
subtype: #number_cruncher.calculator__numbercruncher someone able to perform complex and lengthy calculations
subtype: #statistician__actuary someone versed in the collection and interpretation of numerical data (especially someone who uses statistics to calculate insurance premiums)
subtype: #surveyor.statistician someone who conducts a statistical survey
subtype: #computer_expert__computer_guru an authority on computers and computing
subtype: #UNIX_guru an expert on the UNIX operating system
subtype: #cosmetologist an expert in the use of cosmetics
subtype: #efficiency_expert__efficiency_engineer an expert in increasing the efficient use of machines and personnel
subtype: #genealogist an expert in genealogy
subtype: #geographer an expert on geography
subtype: #cartographer__map_maker__mapmaker a person who makes maps
instance: #Sebastian_Cabot__Cabot
instance: #Gerardus_Mercator__Mercator__Gerhard_Kremer
subtype: #horticulturist an expert in the science of cultivating plants (fruit or flowers or vegetables or ornamental plants)
subtype: #nurseryman__gardener someone who takes care of a garden
subtype: #transplanter a gardener who moves plants to new locations
instance: #Luther_Burbank__Burbank
subtype: #investigator someone who investigates
subtype: #claims_adjuster__adjuster__adjustor__claims_adjustor__claim_agent__claimagent one who investigates insurance claims or claims for damages and recommends an effective settlement
subtype: #coroner__medical_examiner__medicalexaminer a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes
subtype: #detective an investigator engaged or employed in obtaining information not easily available to the public
subtype: #private_detective__privatedetective__PI__private_eye__privateeye__private_investigator__privateinvestigator__operative__shamus__sherlock someone who can be employed as a detective to collect information
subtype: #hotel_detective__hoteldetective__house_detective__housedetective__house_dick__housedick a private detective employed by a hotel or retail store
subtype: #inquiry_agent__inquiryagent (British) a private detective
subtype: #store_detective__storedetective a private detective employed by a merchant to stop pilferage
subtype: #sleuth__sleuthhound a detective who follows a trail
subtype: #examiner__inspector an investigator who observes carefully; "the examiner searched for clues"
subtype: #bank_examiner an official appointed to audit the accounts of banks in a given jurisdiction
subtype: #checker one who checks the correctness of something
subtype: #scrutinizer__scrutiniser a careful examiner; someone who inspects with great care
subtype: #scrutineer (British) someone who examines votes at an election
subtype: #ombudsman a government appointee who investigates complaints by private persons against the government
instance: #Samuel_Wiesenthal__Wiesenthal
subtype: #jurist__legal_expert__legalexpert a legal scholar versed in civil law or the law of nations
subtype: #Mufti a jurist who interprets Muslim law
instance: #Jeremy_Bentham__Bentham #Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.__Holmes #Charles_Evans_Hughes__Hughes #John_Jay__Jay #John_Marshall__Marshall #William_Hubbs_Rehnquist__Rehnquist__William_Rehnquist #Harlan_Fiske_Stone__Stone #Frederick_Moore_Vinson__Vinson #Earl_Warren__Warren
subtype: #lapidary__lapidarist an expert on precious stones and the art of cutting and engraving them
subtype: #logician__logistician a person skilled at symbolic logic
subtype: #dialectician a logician skilled in dialectic
subtype: #syllogist__syllogizer__syllogiser logician skilled in syllogistic reasoning
instance: #William_Stanley_Jevons__Jevons #Charles_Franklin_Peirce__Peirce__Charles_Peirce #Willard_Van_Orman_Quine__Quine #Bertrand_Arthur_William_Russell__Russell__russell__Bertrand_Russell__Earl_Russell #John_Venn__Venn
subtype: #mnemonist an expert in the use of mnemonics; someone able to perform unusual feats of memory
subtype: #mythologist an expert on mythology
instance: #Joseph_Campbell__Campbell
subtype: #observer__commentator an expert who observes and comments on something
subtype: #annotator a commentator who writes notes to a text
subtype: #out-and-outer__outandouter (slang) someone who is excellent at something
subtype: #parliamentarian an expert in parliamentary rules and procedures
instance: #Henry_Martin_Robert__Robert
subtype: #past_master someone who has long and thorough experience in a given activity
subtype: #prosthetist an expert in prosthetics
subtype: #scout__pathfinder__guide someone who can find paths through unexplored territory
subtype: #hunting_guide__huntingguide guide to people hunting in unfamiliar territory
subtype: #shark.expert a person who is unusually skilled in certain ways; "a card shark"
subtype: #shot.expert__shooter a person who shoots (as regards their ability); "he is a crack shot"; "a poor shooter"
subtype: #marksman__sharpshooter__crack_shot__crackshot someone skilled in shooting
subtype: #franc-tireur__franctireur a sharpshooter (in the French army)
subtype: #rifleman someone skilled in the use of a rifle
subtype: #sniper a marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place
subtype: #gunman__gun a person who shoots a gun (as regards their ability)
subtype: #trapshooter a person who engages in shooting at clay pigeons that are hurled into the air by a trap
subtype: #specialist__specializer an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning
subtype: #enologist__oenologist__fermentologist a specialist in wine making
subtype: #attache a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission
subtype: #cultural_attache an attache who is a specialist in cultural matters
subtype: #military_attache an attache who is a specialist in military matters
subtype: #canonist a specialist in canon law
subtype: #criminologist a specialist in criminology
instance: #Alphonse_Bertillon__Bertillon
subtype: #dietician__dietitian__nutritionist a specialist in the study of nutrition
subtype: #educationist__educationalist a specialist in the theory of education
subtype: #fingerprint_expert__fingerprintexpert__fingerprint_specialist__fingerprintspecialist__fingerprint_man__fingerprintman a specialist in identifying fingerprints
subtype: #graphologist__handwriting_expert__handwritingexpert a specialist in inferring character from handwriting
subtype: #interior_designer__designer__interior_decorator__house_decorator__housedecorator__room_decorator__decorator a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings
instance: #Charles_Eames__Eames
subtype: #meteorologist a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions
subtype: #weatherman__weather_forecaster__weatherforecaster predicts the weather
subtype: #optometrist__oculist a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses
subtype: #orientalist a specialist in oriental subjects
subtype: #tree_surgeon__arborist a specialist in treating damaged trees
subtype: #talent a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity
subtype: #technician.expert someone known for high skill in some intellectual or artistic technique
subtype: #therapist__healer a person skilled in a particular type of therapy
subtype: #naprapath a therapist who practices naprapathy
subtype: #alleviator a therapist who makes suffering more endurable
subtype: #chiropractor a therapist who practices chiropractic
subtype: #electrotherapist someone who specializes in the treatment of disease by electricity
subtype: #herbalist__herbdoctor a therapist who heals by the use of herbs
subtype: #naturopath a therapist who practices naturopathy
subtype: #osteopath__osteopathist a therapist who manipulates the skeleton and muscles
subtype: #physical_therapist__physiotherapist therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder
subtype: #massager someone who rubs or kneads parts of the body to stimulate circulation and promote relaxation
subtype: #masseur a male massager
subtype: #masseuse a female massager
subtype: #psychotherapist__clinical_psychologist a therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
subtype: #speech_therapist a therapist who treats speech defects and disorders
subtype: #old-timer__oldtimer__veteran__old_hand__oldhand__warhorse__old_stager__oldstager__stager an experienced person; someone who has given long service
subtype: #face.person (synecdoche) a part of a person that is used to refer to a person; "he looked out at a roomful of faces"; "when he returned to work he met many new faces"
subtype: #good_person a person who is good to other people
subtype: #benefactor__helper a person who helps people or institutions
subtype: #benefactress a woman benefactor
subtype: #bondsman__bondswoman someone who signs a bond as surety for someone else
subtype: #donor.benefactor__giver__presenter person who makes a gift of property
subtype: #abnegator one who gives up or relinquishes or renounces something
subtype: #almsgiver a person who gives alms
subtype: #Indian_giver one who ask you to return the present he has given you
subtype: #philanthropist__altruist someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being
instance: #Andrew_Carnegie__Carnegie #Peter_Cooper__Cooper #Ezra_Cornell__Cornell #Solomon_Guggenheim__Guggenheim #John_Harvard__Harvard #Milton_Snavely_Hershey__Hershey #Hopkins__Johns_Hopkins #Andrew_William_Mellon__Mellon__Andrew_Mellon__Andrew_W._Mellon #Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel__Nobel__Alfred_Nobel #First_Viscount_Nuffield__Nuffield__William_Richard_Morris #John_Davison_Rockefeller__Rockefeller__John_D._Rockefeller #Cornelius_Vanderbilt__Vanderbilt__Commodore_VAnderbilt #Elihu_Yale__Yale
subtype: #subscriber__contributor someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money
subtype: #subsidizer__subsidiser someone who assists or supports by giving a subsidy
subtype: #tipper a person who leaves a tip; "a generous tipper"
subtype: #donor (medicine) someone who gives blood or tissue or an organ to be used in another person (the host)
subtype: #blood_donor someone who gives blood to be used for transfusions
subtype: #universal_donor a person whose type O Rh-negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
subtype: #organ_donor__organdonor someone from whom an organ is taken for transplantation
subtype: #good_Samaritan__Samaritan a person who voluntarily offers help or sympathy in times of trouble
subtype: #humanitarian__do-gooder__improver someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms
subtype: #liberator someone who releases people from captivity or bondage
subtype: #emancipator__manumitter someone who frees others from bondage; "Lincoln is known as the Great Emancipator"
subtype: #obliger__accommodator someone who performs a service or does a favor
subtype: #offerer__offeror someone who presents something to another for acceptance or rejection
subtype: #patron__sponsor__supporter someone who supports or champions something
subtype: #backer__angel invests in a theatrical production
subtype: #godfather someone having a relation analogous to that of a male sponsor to his godchild
subtype: #godparent a person who sponsors someone (the godchild) at baptism
subtype: #godfather.godparent any man who serves as a sponsor for a child at baptism
subtype: #godmother any woman who serves as a sponsor for a child at baptism
subtype: #guarantor__surety__warrantor__warranter one who provides a warrant or guarantee to another
subtype: #patroness__patrones a woman who is a patron
subtype: #provider someone who provides the means for subsistence
subtype: #savior__saviour__rescuer__deliverer a person who rescues you from harm or danger
subtype: #messiah__christ any expected deliverer
subtype: #sparer someone who refrains from injuring or destroying
subtype: #uncle.benefactor a source of help and advice and encouragement; "he played uncle to lonely students"
subtype: #brick.good_person a good fellow; helpful and trustworthy
subtype: #giver someone who devotes themselves completely; "there are no greater givers than those who give themselves"
subtype: #plaster_saint__plastersaint a person (considered to be) without human failings; "he's no plaster saint"
subtype: #holy_man__saint__holy_person__angel person of exceptional holiness
subtype: #Buddha one who has achieved a state of perfect enlightenment
subtype: #fakir__fakeer__faqir__faquir a Muslim or Hindu mendicant monk who is regarded as a holy man
subtype: #dervish an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements
subtype: #whirling_dervish__whirler a dervish whose actions include ecstatic dancing and whirling
subtype: #square_shooter__straight_shooter__straight_arrow a frank and honest person
subtype: #sweetheart any well-liked individual; "he's a sweetheart"
subtype: #individualist a person who pursues independent thought or action
subtype: #dropout.individualist someone who withdraws from a social group or environment
subtype: #loner__lone_wolf__lone_hand a person who avoids the company or assistance of others
subtype: #hermit__recluse__solitudinarian__troglodyte one who lives in solitude
instance: #John_the_Baptist
subtype: #mugwump__independent a neutral or uncommitted person (especially in politics)
subtype: #night_owl__nightowl__nighthawk__nightbird a person who likes to be active late at night
subtype: #nudist__naturist a person who practices nudity for reasons of health or religion
subtype: #withdrawer.individualist an individualist who withdraws from social interaction
subtype: #inhabitant__dweller__denizen a person who inhabits a particular place
subtype: #Australian__Aussie a native or inhabitant of Australia
subtype: #Australian_Aborigine__Aborigine__Abo__Aboriginal__native_Australian a dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived
subtype: pm#Australian_researcher
instance: nataliya@dstc.edu.au p.eklund@gu.edu.au peter.deer@dsto.defence.gov.au r.cole@gu.edu.au t.tilley@gu.edu.au daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au
subtype: #Austronesian a native or inhabitant of Austronesia
subtype: #Nauruan a native or inhabitant of Nauru
subtype: #Polynesian a native or inhabitant of Polynesia
subtype: #Fijian.Polynesian__fijian a native or inhabitant of Fiji
subtype: #Samoan a native or inhabitant of the Samoan Islands
subtype: #Tahitian.Polynesian__tahitian a native or inhabitant of Tahiti
subtype: #Tongan a native or inhabitant of Tonga
subtype: #New_Zealander a native or inhabitant of New Zealand
subtype: #American a native or inhabitant of the United States
subtype: #African-American__Afro-American an American whose ancestors were born in Africa
subtype: #Creole a person descended from French ancestors in southern United States especially Louisiana
subtype: #Anglo-American an American who was born in England or whose ancestors were English
subtype: #Alabaman__Alabamian a resident of Alabama
subtype: #Alaskan a resident of Alaska
subtype: #Arizonan__Arizonian a resident of Arizona
subtype: #Arkansan__Arkansawyer a resident of Arkansas
subtype: #Bay_Stater a resident of Massachusetts
subtype: #Californian a resident of California
subtype: #Carolinian a resident of the Carolinas
subtype: #Coloradan a resident of Colorado
subtype: #Connecticuter a resident of Connecticut
subtype: #Delawarean__Delawarian a resident of Delaware
subtype: #Floridian a resident of Florida
subtype: #Franco-American an American who was born in France or whose ancestors were French
subtype: #German_American an American who was born in Germany or whose ancestors were German
subtype: #Georgian a resident of the American state of Georgia
subtype: #Hawaiian.American__hawaiian a resident of Hawaii
subtype: #Idahoan a resident of Idaho
subtype: #Illinoisan a resident of Illinois
subtype: #Indianan__Hoosier a resident of Indiana
subtype: #Iowan a resident of Iowa
subtype: #Kansan a resident of Kansas
subtype: #Kentuckian a resident of Kentucky
subtype: #Louisianan__Louisianian a resident of Louisiana
subtype: #Mainer__Down_Easter a resident of Maine
subtype: #Michigander__Wolverine a resident of Michigan
subtype: #Minnesotan a resident of Minnesota
subtype: #Mississippian a resident of Mississippi
subtype: #Missourian a resident of Missouri
subtype: #Montanan a resident of Montana
subtype: #Nebraskan__Cornhusker a resident of Nebraska
subtype: #Nevadan a resident of Nevada
subtype: #New_Hampshirite a resident of New Hampshire
subtype: #New_Yorker a resident of New York
subtype: #East-sider a resident of the east side of Manhattan in New York City
subtype: #West-sider a resident of the west side of Manhattan in New York City
subtype: #North_Carolinian a resident of North Carolina
subtype: #North_Dakotan a resident of North Dakota
subtype: #Ohioan__Buckeye a resident of Ohio
subtype: #Oregonian a resident of Oregon
subtype: #Pennsylvanian a resident of Pennsylvania
subtype: #Rhode_Islander a resident of Rhode Island
subtype: #South_Carolinian a resident of South Carolina
subtype: #South_Dakotan a resident of South Dakota
subtype: #Tennessean a resident of Tennessee
subtype: #Texan a resident of Texas
subtype: #Utahan a resident of Utah
subtype: #Vermonter a resident of Vermont
subtype: #Virginian a resident of Virginia
subtype: #Washingtonian a resident of the state of Washington
subtype: #Washingtonian.American__washingtonian a resident of the city of Washington
subtype: #West_Virginian a resident of West Virginia
subtype: #Wisconsinite a resident of Wisconsin
subtype: #Wyomingite a resident of Wyoming
subtype: #Puerto_Rican a resident of Puerto Rico
subtype: #Yankee-Doodle__Yankee__Yank an American
subtype: #New_Englander__Yankee__Yank an American who lives in New England
subtype: #Yankee__Yank__Northerner an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)
subtype: #Federal_soldier__Federal__Union_soldier a member of the Union Army during the American Civil War
subtype: #Southerner an American who lives in the South
subtype: #Confederate a supporter of the Confederate States of America
subtype: #Confederate_soldier a soldier in the Army of the Confederacy during the American Civil War
subtype: #bushwhacker a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil War
subtype: #Rebel__Reb__Johnny_Reb__Johnny__grayback (informal) `johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `grayback' derived from their gray Confederate uniforms
subtype: #Spanish_American__Hispanic_American__Hispanic__Latino an American whose first language was Spanish
subtype: #Tory an American who favored the British side during the American Revolution
subtype: #Alsatian a native or inhabitant of Alsace
subtype: #borderer an inhabitant of a border area (especially the border between Scotland and England)
subtype: #cottager__cottage_dweller someone who lives in a cottage
subtype: #easterner an inhabitant of an eastern area; especially of the U.S.
subtype: #islander__island-dweller an inhabitant of an island
subtype: #landlubber__landsman__landman a person who lives and works on land
subtype: #liver.inhabitant someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"
subtype: #Northerner an inhabitant of the North
subtype: #Occidental a native inhabitant of the Occident
subtype: #Philistine a non-Semitic inhabitant of ancient Philistia
subtype: #plainsman an inhabitant of a plains region (especially the Great Plains of North America)
subtype: #resident__occupant__occupier someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there
subtype: #Latin_American__Spanish_American a resident of Latin America
subtype: #spic__spik__spick ethnic slur; offensive terms for persons of Latin American descent
subtype: #criollo.Latin_American a Spanish American of pure European stock (usually Spanish); "Mexico is a country of mestizos, criollos, and indigenes"
subtype: #coaster.resident a resident of a coastal area
subtype: #colonial a resident of a colony
subtype: #dalesman a person who lives in the dales of Northern England
subtype: #Galilean__Galilaean a resident of Galilee (an epithet of Jesus Christ)
subtype: #inmate one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital)
subtype: #metropolitan a person who lives in a metropolis
subtype: #outlier.resident a person who lives away from his place of work
subtype: #owner-occupier__owneroccupier a occupant who owns the home that he/she lives in
subtype: #sojourner a temporary resident
subtype: #stater a resident of a particular state or group of states; "Keystone stater"; "farm staters"
subtype: #suburbanite a resident of a suburb
subtype: #tenant.resident any occupant who dwells in a place
subtype: #towner__townsman a resident of a town or city
subtype: #townee (Brit; informal) townsman unacquainted with country life especially a slick and flashy male city dweller
subtype: #townie__towny resident of a college town not affiliated with the college
subtype: #tellurian__earthling__earthman an inhabitant of the earth
subtype: #Trinidadian inhabitant or native of Trinidad
subtype: #villager one who has lived in a village most of their life
subtype: #westerner an inhabitant of a western area; especially of the U.S.
subtype: #native__indigen__indigene a person who was born in a particular place; an indigenous person
subtype: #Levantine (formerly) a native or inhabitant of the Levant
subtype: #Mauritian a native or inhabitant of Mauritius
subtype: #Filipino a native or inhabitant of the Philippines
subtype: #Tagalog.Filipino__tagalog a member of a people native to the Philippines chiefly inhabiting central Luzon around and including Manila
subtype: #Visayan__Bisayan a member of the most numerous indigenous people of the Philippines
subtype: #Cebuan inhabitant of the island of Cebu; a member of the Visayan people of the Philippines
subtype: #Russian a native or inhabitant of Russia
subtype: #Tatar.Russian__tatar a member of the Turkic-speaking people living from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (the name has been attributed to many other groups)
subtype: #Votyak__Udmurt a member of the Finno-Ugric-speaking people living in eastern European Russia
subtype: #Komi a member of a Finnish people living in the northwestern Urals in Russia
subtype: #Cheremiss__Cheremis__Mari a member of a rural Finnish people living in eastern Russia
subtype: #Inger__Ingrian__Ingerman a member of western Finnish people formerly living in the Baltic province where Saint Petersburg was built
subtype: #Carelian__Karelian a member of the Finnish people living in Karelia in northwestern European Russia
subtype: #Ostyak__Khanty a member of the nomadic Ugrian people living in northwestern Siberia (east of the Ural mountains)
subtype: #Mordvin__Mordva__Mordvinian a member of the agricultural people living in the central Volga provinces of European Russia
subtype: #Nganasan.Russian__nganasan a member of the Samoyedic people living on the Taimyr peninsula in Siberia
subtype: #Ostyak-Samoyed__Selkup one of the people of mixed Ostyak and Samoyed origin in Siberia
subtype: #Samoyed a Samoyedic-speaking person in northwestern Siberia
subtype: #Vepse__Veps__Vepsian a member of a Finnish people of Russia
subtype: #Vogul__Mansi a member of a nomadic people of the northern Ural mountains
subtype: #Yeniseian a member of one of the groups living in the Yenisei river valley in western Siberia
subtype: #Great_Russian a member of the chief East Slavonic people of Soviet Russia
subtype: #Muscovite a resident of Moscow
subtype: #Georgian.Russian__georgian a native or inhabitant of Asian Georgia
subtype: #Siberian a native or inhabitant of Siberia
subtype: #Seychellois a native or inhabitant of Seychelles
subtype: #American.native__american a native or inhabitant of America
subtype: #Creole.American__creole a person of European descent born in the West Indies or Spanish America
subtype: #North_American a native or inhabitant of North America
subtype: #Bermudan__Bermudian a native or inhabitant of Bermuda
subtype: #Canadian a native or inhabitant of Canada
subtype: #French_Canadian a Canadian descended from early French settlers and whose native language is French
subtype: #Acadian an early French settler in the Maritimes
subtype: #Cajun a Louisianian descended from Acadian immigrants from Nova Scotia (`Cajun' comes from `Acadian')
subtype: #Canuck US slang for Canadians in general and French Canadians in particular
subtype: #Central_American a native or inhabitant of Central America
subtype: #Costa_Rican a native or inhabitant of Costa Rica
subtype: #Guatemalan a native or inhabitant of Guatemala
subtype: #Honduran a native or inhabitant of Honduras
subtype: #Mexican a native of inhabitant of Mexico
subtype: #greaser__wetback__taco ethnic slur; offensive terms for a person of Mexican descent
subtype: #Mexican-American__Mexicano a Mexican (or person of Mexican descent) living in the United States
subtype: #Nicaraguan a native or inhabitant of Nicaragua
subtype: #Panamanian a native or inhabitant of Panama
subtype: #South_American a native or inhabitant of South America
subtype: #Argentinian a native or inhabitant of Argentina
subtype: #Bolivian a native or inhabitant of Bolivia
subtype: #Brazilian a native or inhabitant of Brazil
subtype: #Carioca a native or inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro
subtype: #Chilean a native or inhabitant of Chile
subtype: #Colombian a native or inhabitant of Colombia
subtype: #Ecuadorian__Ecuadoran a native or inhabitant of Ecuador
subtype: #Salvadoran__Salvadorian__Salvadorean a native or inhabitant of El Salvador
subtype: #Guyanese a native or inhabitant of Guyana
subtype: #Paraguayan a native or inhabitant of Paraguay
subtype: #Peruvian a native or inhabitant of Peru
subtype: #Uruguayan a native or inhabitant of Uruguay
subtype: #Venezuelan a native or inhabitant of Venezuela
subtype: #West_Indian a native or inhabitant of the West Indies
subtype: #Anguillan a native or inhabitant of the island of Anguilla in the West Indies
subtype: #Antiguan a native or inhabitant of Antigua
subtype: #Bahamian a native or inhabitant of the Bahamas
subtype: #Barbadian a native or inhabitant of Barbados
subtype: #Cuban a native or inhabitant of Cuba
subtype: #Haitian a native or inhabitant of Haiti
subtype: #Jamaican a native or inhabitant of Jamaica
subtype: #Montserratian a native or inhabitant of Montserrat
subtype: #Grenadian a native or inhabitant of Grenada
subtype: #Tobagonian a native or inhabitant of the island of Tobago in the West Indies
subtype: #innocent__inexperienced_person__inexperiencedperson a person who lacks knowledge of evil
subtype: #boy_scout.innocent__boyscout a man who is considered naive
subtype: #dear__lamb a sweet innocent mild-mannered person (especially a child)
subtype: #virgin a person who has never had sex
subtype: #intellectual__intellect a person who uses the mind creatively
subtype: #anomalist someone who has a special interest in exceptional cases
subtype: #exponent someone who expounds and interprets or explains
subtype: #alchemist one who was versed in the practice of alchemy and who sought an elixir of life and a panacea and an alkahest and the philosopher's stone
subtype: #aphorist someone who formulates aphorisms or who repeats aphorisms
subtype: #bel_esprit__belesprit a witty or clever person with a fine mind
subtype: #bibliophile__booklover__book_lover someone who loves (and usually collects) books
subtype: #brainworker someone whose profession involves using his head to solve problems
subtype: #classifier a person who creates classifications
subtype: #decoder.intellectual__decipherer the kind of intellectual who converts messages from a code to plain text
subtype: #cryptanalyst__cryptographer__cryptologist decoder skilled in the analysis of codes and cryptograms
subtype: #egghead an intellectual (who is bald?)
subtype: #mastermind__genius__brain someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality
subtype: #infant_prodigy__prodigy__wonder_child an unusually talented or intelligent child
subtype: #boy_wonder__boywonder__child_prodigy__childprodigy an extremely talented young man
subtype: #highbrow a person of intellectual or erudite tastes
subtype: #introvert (psychology) a person who tends to shrink from social contacts and to become preoccupied with their own thoughts
subtype: #mentor__wise_man a wise and trusted guide and advisor
subtype: #sage.mentor a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom
subtype: #mahatma (Hinduism) term of respect for a Brahmin sage
instance: #Balthazar__Balthasar #Caspar__Gaspar #Melchior
subtype: #creative_thinker__mind__thinker an intellectual being; "the great minds of the 17th century"
subtype: #optimist a person disposed to take a favorable view of things
subtype: #millenarian__millenarist a person who believes in the coming of the millennium (a time of great peace and prosperity)
subtype: #organizer__arranger a person who organizes
subtype: #coordinator someone whose task is to see that work goes harmoniously
subtype: #systematizer__orderer__systemizer__systematist an organizer who puts things in order; "Aristotle was a great orderer of ideas"
subtype: #pedant__bookworm__scholastic a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit
subtype: #purist someone who insists on great precision and correctness (especially in the use of words)
subtype: #philosopher a specialist in philosophy
subtype: #nativist a philosopher who subscribes to nativism
subtype: #eclectic__eclecticist someone who selects according to the eclectic method
subtype: #empiricist a philosopher who subscribes to empiricism
subtype: #epistemologist a specialist in epistemology
subtype: #esthetician__aesthetician a philosopher who specializes in the nature of beauty
subtype: #ethicist__ethician a philosopher who specializes in ethics
subtype: #existentialist a philosopher who emphasizes freedom of choice and personal responsibility but who regards human existence in a hostile universe as unexplainable
instance: #Simone_de_Beauvoir__Beauvoir #Jean_Paul_Sartre__Sartre
subtype: #gymnosophist member of a Hindu sect practicing gymnosophy (especially nudism)
subtype: #libertarian someone who believes the doctrine of free will
subtype: #mechanist a philosopher who subscribes to the doctrine of mechanism
subtype: #moralist a philosopher who specializes in morals and moral problems
subtype: #egalitarian__equalitarian a person who believes in the equality of all people
subtype: #elitist someone who believes in rule by an elite group
subtype: #mandarin.elitist a member of an elite intellectual or cultural group
subtype: #utilitarian someone who believes that the value of a thing depends on its utility
subtype: #necessitarian someone who does not believe the doctrine of free will
subtype: #Calvinist an adherent of the theological doctrines of John Calvin
subtype: #Huguenot a French Calvinist of the 16th or 17th centuries
subtype: #fatalist__determinist__predestinationist anyone who submits to the belief that they are powerless to change their destiny
subtype: #pluralist.philosopher a philosopher who believes that no single explanation can account for all the phenomena of nature
subtype: #realist a philosopher who believes that universals are real and exist independently of anyone thinking of them
subtype: #pragmatist a person who takes a practical approach to problems
subtype: #Stoic a member of the ancient Greek school of philosophy founded by Zeno; "a Stoic achieves happiness by submission to destiny"
subtype: #transcendentalist advocate of Transcendentalism
subtype: #yogi one who practices yoga and has achieved a high level of spiritual insight
instance: #Pierre_Abelard__Abelard__Peter_Abelard #Aristotle #Francis_Bacon__Bacon__Baron_Verulam__1st_Baron_Verulam__Viscount_St._Albans #Jeremy_Bentham__Bentham #Henri_Louis_Bergson__Bergson__Henri_Bergson #Bishop_Berkeley__Berkeley__George_Berkeley #Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius__Boethius #Giordano_Bruno__Bruno #Martin_Buber__Buber #Ernst_Cassirer__Cassirer #Cleanthes #Isidore_Auguste_Marie_Francois_Comte__Comte__Auguste_Comte #Confucius__Kung_futzu #Democritus #Jacques_Derrida__Derrida__derrida #Rene_Descartes__Descartes #John_Dewey__Dewey #Denis_Diderot__Diderot #Diogenes #Empedocles #Epicurus #Ernst_Heinrich_Haeckel__Haeckel #David_Hartley__Hartley__hartley #Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel__Hegel #Martin_Heidegger__Heidegger #Heraclitus #Johann_Friedrich_Herbart__Herbart #Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder__Herder #Thomas_Hobbes__Hobbes #David_Hume__Hume #Edmund_Husserl__Husserl #Hypatia #William_James__James #Immanuel_Kant__Kant #Soren_Aabye_Kierkegaard__Kierkegaard__Soren_Kierkegaard #Lao-tzu__Lao-tse__Lao-zi #Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz__Leibniz__leibniz__Leibnitz__Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibnitz #John_Locke__Locke #Titus_Lucretius_Carus__Lucretius #Raymond_Lully__Lully__Ramon_Lully #Ernst_Mach__Mach #Niccolo_Machiavelli__Machiavelli #Moses_Maimonides__Maimonides__Rabbi_Moses_Ben_Maimon #Nicolas_de_Malebranche__Malebranche #Herbert_Marcuse__Marcuse #Karl_Marx__Marx #George_Herbert_Mead__Mead #John_Stuart_Mill__Mill__John_Mill #James_Mill__Mill #Baron_de_la_Brede_et_de_Montesquieu__Montesquieu__Charles_Louis_de_Secondat #George_Edward_Moore__Moore__G._E._Moore #Friedrich_Wilhelm_Nietzsche__Nietzsche #William_of_Occam__Occam__Ockham__William_of_Ockham #Jose_Ortega_y_Gasset__Ortega_y_Gasset #Blaise_Pascal__Pascal #Charles_Franklin_Peirce__Peirce__Charles_Peirce #Ralph_Barton_Perry__Perry #Plato #Pythagoras #Thomas_Reid__Reid #Jean-Jacques_Rousseau__Rousseau #Bertrand_Arthur_William_Russell__Russell__russell__Bertrand_Russell__Earl_Russell #Arthur_Schopenhauer__Schopenhauer #Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer #Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca__Seneca #Socrates #Herbert_Spencer__Spencer #Oswald_Spengler__Spengler #Benedict_de_Spinoza__Spinoza__de_Spinoza__Baruch_de_Spinoza #Dugald_Stewart__Stewart #Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin__Teilhard_de_Chardin #Thales_of_Miletus__Thales #Theophrastus #Simone_Weil__Weil #Alfred_North_Whitehead__Whitehead #Ludwig_Josef_Johan_Wittgenstein__Wittgenstein__Ludwig_Wittgenstein #Xenophanes #Zeno_of_Citium__Zeno #Zeno_of_Elea__Zeno
subtype: #philosophizer someone who considers situations from a philosophical point of view
subtype: #reasoner__ratiocinator someone who reasons logically
subtype: #analogist someone who looks for analogies or who reasons by analogy
subtype: #casuist__sophist someone whose reasoning is subtle and often specious
subtype: #scholarly_person__scholarlyperson__scholar__student a learned person (especially in the humanities); someone who by long study has gained mastery in one or more disciplines
subtype: #schoolman__academician a scholar who is skilled in academic disputation
subtype: #alumnus__alumnu__alumna__alum__graduate__grad a person who has received a degree from a school (high school or college or university)
subtype: #old_boy.alumnus__oldboy a male ex-pupil of a school
subtype: #Arabist a scholar who specializes in Arab languages and culture
subtype: #bibliographer someone trained in compiling bibliographies
subtype: #Dr.__doctor a person who holds Ph.D. degree from an academic institution; "she is a doctor of philosophy in physics"
subtype: #goliard a wandering scholar in medieval Europe; famed for intemperance and riotous behavior and the composition of satirical and ribald Latin songs
subtype: #historian__historiographer a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it
subtype: #annalist a historian who writes annals
subtype: #art_historian__arthistorian a historian of art
instance: #Erwin_Panofsky__Panofsky #Giorgio_Vasari__Vasari #Aby_Moritz_Warburg__Warburg__Aby_Warburg #Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann__Winckelmann__Johann_Winckelmann
subtype: #chronicler someone who writes chronicles
instance: #Geoffrey_of_Monmouth
instance: #the_Venerable_Bede__Bede__Saint_Bede__St_Bede__Baeda__Saint_Baeda__St_Baeda__Beda__Saint_Beda__St_Beda #Thomas_Carlyle__Carlyle #William_James_Durant__Durant__Will_Durant #John_Hope_Franklin__Franklin #Samuel_Rawson_Gardiner__Gardiner #Edward_Gibbon__Gibbon #Herodotus #Flavius_Josephus__Josephus__Joseph_ben_Matthias #John_Knox__Knox #Livy__Titus_Livius #Thomas_Babington_Macaulay__Macaulay__First_Baron_Macaulay #Alfred_Thayer_Mahan__Mahan #Frederic_William_Maitland__Maitland #John_Bach_McMaster__McMaster #Theodor_Mommsen__Mommsen #Barthold_George_Niebuhr__Niebuhr #Cyril_Northcote_Parkinson__Parkinson__C._Northcote_Parkinson #James_Harvey_Robinson__Robinson #Saxo_Grammaticus #Arthur_Meier_Schlesinger__Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger #Arthur_Meier_Schlesinger_Jr.__Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger_Jr. #William_Stubbs__Stubbs #Thucydides #Arnold_Joseph_Toynbee__Toynbee__Arnold_Toynbee #Sir_George_Otto_Trevelyan__Trevelyan__George_Otto_Trevelyan #George_Macaulay_Trevelyan__Trevelyan #Barbara_Wertheim_Tuchman__Tuchman__Barbara_Tuchman #Frederick_Jackson_Turner__Turner #Sir_Paul_Gavrilovich_Vinogradoff__Vinogradoff #Horatio_Walpole__Walpole__Horace_Walpole__Fourth_Earl_of_Orford #Eliezer_Wiesel__Wiesel__Elie_Wiesel #Comer_Vann_Woodward__Woodward__C._Vann_Woodward #Xenophon
subtype: #humanist a classical scholar or student of the liberal arts
subtype: #classical_scholar__classicalscholar__classicist a student of ancient Greek and Latin
subtype: #Latinist a specialist in the Latin language
instance: #Benjamin_Jowett__Jowett #Gilbert_Murray__Murray__George_Gilbert_Aime_Murphy #Friedrich_August_Wolf__Wolf
subtype: #man_of_letters a man devoted to literary or scholarly activities
subtype: #philologist__philologue a humanist specializing in classical scholarship
instance: #Baron_Karl_Wilhelm_von_Humboldt__Humboldt__Baron_Wilhelm_von_Humboldt #Friedrich_Max_Muller__Muller__Max_Muller #Sir_James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Murray__James_Murray__James_Augustus_Murray__James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Sir_James_Murray__Sir_James_Augustus_Murray #Rasmus_Christian_Rask__Rask #Walter_William_Skeat__Skeat #John_Ronald_Reuel_Tolkien__Tolkien__J._R._R._Tolkien #Karl_Adolph_Verner__Verner
subtype: #learned_person__learnedperson__initiate__pundit__savant someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field
subtype: #polymath a person of great and varied learning
subtype: #licentiate holds a license (degree) from a (European) university
subtype: #master.scholarly_person someone who holds a master's degree from academic institution
subtype: #musicologist a student of musicology
subtype: #reader a person who enjoys reading
subtype: #bookworm someone who spends a great deal of time reading
subtype: #Renaissance_man a scholar during the Renaissance who (because knowledge was limited) could know almost everything about many topics
subtype: #generalist__Renaissance_man a modern scholar who is in a position to acquire more than superficial knowledge about many different interests; "a statistician has to be something of a generalist"
subtype: #salutatorian__salutatory_speaker the graduating student with the second highest academic rank; delivers the opening address at graduation exercises
subtype: #medieval_Schoolman__Schoolman a scholar in one of the universities of the Middle Ages; versed in scholasticism
subtype: #Sinologist a student of Chinese history and language and culture
subtype: #valedictorian__valedictory_speaker__valedictoryspeaker the student with the best grades who delivers the valedictory at graduation
instance: #The_Admirable_Crichton__Crichton__James_Crichton #Desiderius_Erasmus__Erasmus__Gerhard_Gerhards__Geert_Geerts #Lorenzo_de_Medici__Lorenzo_the_Magnificent #Edmund_Malone__Malone__Edmond_Malone #Marcus_Terentius_Varro__Varro
subtype: #scientist__man_of_science a person with advanced knowledge of one of more sciences
subtype: #cosmographer__cosmographist a scientist knowledgeable about cosmography
subtype: #bibliotist someone who engages in bibliotics
subtype: #biologist__life_scientist a scientist who studies living organisms
subtype: #bacteriologist a biologist who studies bacteria
instance: #Sir_David_Bruce__Bruce__David_Bruce #Paul_Ehrlich__Ehrlich #Sir_Alexander_Fleming__Fleming__Alexander_Fleming #Robert_Koch__Koch #Elie_Metchnikoff__Metchnikoff__Metchnikov__Elie_Metchnikov__Ilya_Ilich_Metchnikov #Hideyo_Noguchi__Noguchi #Hans_Conrad_Julius_Reiter__Reiter #Agust_von_Wassermann__Wassermann #Hans_Zinsser__Zinsser
subtype: #botanist__phytologist__plant_scientist__plantscientist a biologist specializing in the study of plants
subtype: #mycologist a botanist who specializes in the study of fungi
subtype: #propagator someone who propagates plants (as under glass)
instance: #Sir_Joseph_Banks__Banks #Robert_Brown__Brown #George_Washington_Carver__Carver #Ferdinand_Julius_Cohn__Cohn #William_Curtis__Curtis #Asa_Gray__Gray #Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu__Jussieu__jussieu #Carolus_Linnaeus__Linnaeus__Carl_von_Linne__Karl_Linne #Gregor_Johann_Mendel__Mendel__Gregor_Mendel #John_Tradescant__Tradescant
subtype: #ecologist a biologist who studies the relation between organisms and their environment
subtype: #geneticist a biologist who specializes in genetics
instance: #John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane__Haldane__J._B._S._Haldane #Trofim_Denisovich_Lysenko__Lysenko #Hermann_Joseph_Muller__Muller #James_Dewey_Watson__Watson__James_Watson #August_Friedrich_Leopold_Weismann__Weismann
subtype: #microbiologist a specialist in microbiology
subtype: #virologist a specialist in virology
instance: #Jonas_Edward_Salk__Salk__Jonas_Salk
instance: #Albert_Bruce_Sabin__Sabin__Albert_Sabin
subtype: #molecular_biologist__molecularbiologist a biologist who studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life
instance: #Leo_Szilard__Szilard #Tonegawa_Susumu
subtype: #naturalist__natural_scientist__naturalscientist a biologist knowledgeable about natural history (especially botany and zoology)
instance: #Jean_Louis_Rodolphe_Agassiz__Agassiz__Louis_Agassiz #Roy_Chapman_Andrews__Andrews #Georges_Leopold_Chretien_Frederic_Dagobert_Cuvier__Cuvier__Georges_Cuvier__Baron_Georges_Cuvier #Charles_Robert_Darwin__Darwin__Charles_Darwin #Konrad_von_Gesner__Gesner #William_Henry_Hudson__Hudson__W._H._Hudson #Baron_Friedrich_Heinrich_Alexander_von_Humboldt__Humboldt__Baron_Alexander_von_Humboldt #Jean_Baptiste_de_Lamarck__Lamarck__Chevalier_de_Lamarck #John_Muir__Muir #Lorenz_Oken__Oken__Okenfuss__Lorenz_Okenfuss #Georg_Wilhelm_Steller__Steller #Jan_Swammerdam__Swammerdam #Alfred_Russel_Wallace__Wallace
subtype: #neurobiologist a specialist in neurobiology
subtype: #neuroscientist a neurobiologist who specializes in the study of the brain
subtype: #neurolinguist someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception
instance: #David_Hubel__Hubel
subtype: #physiologist a biologist specializing in physiology
instance: #Edgar_Douglas_Adrian__Adrian__Baron_Adrian #Sir_Frederick_Grant_Banting__Banting__F._G._Banting #Claude_Bernard__Bernard #Charles_Herbert_Best__Best__C._H._Best #Sir_John_Carew_Eccles__Eccles__John_Eccles #Willem_Einthoven__Einthoven #Luigi_Galvani__Galvani #John_Scott_Haldane__Haldane__John_Haldane #Baron_Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz__Helmholtz__Hermann_von_Helmholtz__Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz #Walter_Rudolf_Hess__Hess__Walter_Hess #Sir_Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin__Hodgkin__Alan_Hodgkin #Andrew_Fielding_Huxley__Huxley__Andrew_Huxley #Jacques_Loeb__Loeb #John_James_Rickard_Macleod__Macleod__John_Macleod #Johannes_Peter_Muller__Muller #Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov__Pavlov__Ivan_Pavlov #Johannes_Evangelista_Purkinje__Purkinje__Jan_Evangelista_Purkinje #Theodor_Schwann__Schwann #Sir_Charles_Scott_Sherrington__Sherrington #Lazzaro_Spallanzani__Spallanzani #Ernst_Heinrich_Weber__Weber__E._H._Weber
subtype: #sociobiologist a biologist who studies the biological determinants of social behavior
subtype: #taxonomist__taxonomer__systematist a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior
subtype: #lumper a taxonomist who classifies organisms into large groups on the basis of major characteristics
subtype: #splitter.taxonomist__divider a taxonomist who classifies organisms into many groups on the basis of relatively minor characteristics
subtype: #vivisectionist cuts open live animals for research
subtype: #zoologist__animal_scientist a specialist in the branch of biology dealing with animals
subtype: #entomologist__bugologist__bug-hunter__bughunter a zoologist who studies insects
subtype: #lepidopterist__butterfly_collector__butterflycollector an entomologist who specializes in the collection and study of butterflies and moths
instance: #Edward_Osborne_Wilson__Wilson__E._O._Wilson
subtype: #ethologist a zoologist who studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats
subtype: #herpetologist a zoologist who studies reptiles and amphibians
subtype: #ichthyologist a zoologist who studies fishes
subtype: #ornithologist__bird_watcher a zoologist who studies birds
instance: #John_James_Audubon__Audubon #Alexander_Wilson__Wilson
subtype: #protozoologist a zoologist who studies protozoans
instance: #Karl_von_Frisch__Frisch #Jane_Goodall__Goodall__goodall #Alfred_Charles_Kinsey__Kinsey #Konrad_Zacharias_Lorenz__Lorenz__Konrad_Lorenz #Nikolaas_Tinbergen__Tinbergen
instance: #George_Wells_Beadle__Beadle__George_Beadle #Alexis_Carrel__Carrel #Rachel_Louise_Carson__Carson__Rachel_Carson #Max_Delbruck__Delbruck #Ernst_Heinrich_Haeckel__Haeckel #Thomas_Henry_Huxley__Huxley__Thomas_Huxley #Sir_John_Cowdery_Kendrew__Kendrew #Thomas_Hunt_Morgan__Morgan #Louis_Pasteur__Pasteur
subtype: #chemist a scientist who specializes in chemistry
subtype: #biochemist someone with special training in biochemistry
subtype: #enzymologist a person who is trained in or engaged in enzymology
instance: #Sir_Ernst_Boris_Chain__Chain__Ernst_Boris_Chain #Francis_Henry_Compton_Crick__Crick__Francis_Crick #Casimir_Funk__Funk #Sir_Walter_Norman_Haworth__Haworth #George_Herbert_Hitchings__Hitchings #Sir_Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins__Hopkins #Francois_Jacob__Jacob #Edward_Calvin_Kendall__Kendall__Edward_Kendall #Sir_Hans_Adolf_Krebs__Krebs__Hans_Adolf_Krebs #Fritz_Albert_Lipmann__Lipmann #Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof__Meyerhof__Otto_Meyerhof #Jacques_Lucien_Monod__Monod__Jacques_Monod #John_Howard_Northrop__Northrop #Severo_Ochoa__Ochoa #Albert_von_Szent-Gyorgyi__Szent-Gyorgyi__Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi #Edward_Lawrie_Tatum__Tatum #Otto_Heinrich_Warburg__Warburg #Maurice_Hugh_Frederick_Wilkins__Wilkins__Maurice_Wilkins
subtype: #nuclear_chemist__nuclearchemist__radiochemist a chemist who specializes in nuclear chemistry
instance: #Svante_August_Arrhenius__Arrhenius #Jons_Jakob_Berzelius__Berzelius #Joseph_Black__Black #Robert_Boyle__Boyle #Eduard_Buchner__Buchner #Robert_Wilhelm_Bunsen__Bunsen__Robert_Bunsen #Melvin_Calvin__Calvin #Wallace_Hume_Carothers__Carothers__Wallace_Carothers #George_Washington_Carver__Carver #Henry_Cavendish__Cavendish #Sir_William_Crookes__Crookes__William_Crookes #Madame_Curie__Curie__Marie_Curie__Marya_Sklodowska #John_Dalton__Dalton #Sir_Humphrey_Davy__Davy__Humphrey_Davy #Sir_James_Dewar__Dewar #Manfred_Eigen__Eigen #Michael_Faraday__Faraday #Emil_Hermann_Fischer__Fischer #Hans_Fischer__Fischer #Paul_John_Flory__Flory #Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac__Gay-Lussac #Josiah_Willard_Gibbs__Gibbs #Fritz_Haber__Haber #Otto_Hahn__Hahn #Charles_Martin_Hall__Hall #Odd_Hassel__Hassel #William_Henry__Henry #George_Charles_Hevesy_de_Hevesy__Hevesy #Joroslav_Heyrovsky__Heyrovsky #Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin__Hodgkin__Dorothy_Hodgkin #Roald_Hoffmann__Hoffmann #August_Wilhelm_von_Hoffmann__Hoffmann #Friedrich_August_Kekule_von_Stradonitz__Kekule__Friedrich_August_Kekule #Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth__Klaproth #Richard_Kuhn__Kuhn #Irving_Langmuir__Langmuir #Antoine_Laurent_Lavoisier__Lavoisier__Antoine_Lavoisier #Henry_le_Chatelier__le_Chatelier #Willard_Frank_Libby__Libby #Lipscomb__William_Nunn_Lipscom_Jr. #Dmitri_Ivanovich_Mendeleyev__Mendeleyev__Mendeleev__Dmitri_Mendeleyev__Dmitri_Mendeleev__Dmitri_Ivanovich_Mendeleev #Edward_Williams_Morley__Morley__E._W._Morley__Edward_Morley #Mosander__Carl_Gustaf_Mossander #Paul_Hermann_Muller__Muller #Giulio_Natta__Natta #Walther_Hermann_Nernst__Nernst #Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel__Nobel__Alfred_Nobel #Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish__Norrish #Lars_Onsager__Onsager #Wilhelm_Ostwald__Ostwald #Louis_Pasteur__Pasteur #Linus_Carl_Pauling__Pauling__Linus_Pauling #Joseph_Priestley__Priestley #Sir_Robert_Robinson__Robinson__Robert_Robinson #Daniel_Rutherford__Rutherford #Karl_Wilhelm_Scheele__Scheele__Karl_Scheele #Christian_Friedrich_Schonbein__Schonbein__Christian_Schonbein #Gelnn_Theodore_Seaborg__Seaborg__Glenn_T._Seaborg #Frederick_Soddy__Soddy #Ernest_Solvay__Solvay #Soren_Peter_Lauritz_Sorensen__Sorensen #Sir_Alexander_Robertus_Todd__Todd #Harold_Clayton_Urey__Urey__Harold_Urey #Sir_Geoffrey_Wilkinson__Wilkinson #Adolf_Windaus__Windaus #William_Hyde_Wollaston__Wollaston #Robert_Burns_Woodward__Woodward #Karl_Waldemar_Ziegler__Ziegler #Richard_Adolph_Zsigmondy__Zsigmondy
subtype: #cognitive_scientist__cognitivescientist a student of cognitive processes
subtype: #computer_scientist a scientist who specializes in the theory of computation and the design of computers
subtype: #computational_linguist__computationallinguist someone trained in computer science and linguistics who uses computers for natural language processing
instance: #William_Henry_Gates__Gates__Bill_Gates
subtype: #geologist__geophysicist a specialist in geology
subtype: #petroleum_geologist__petroleumgeologist__oil_geologist__oilgeologist a specialist in petroleum geology
instance: #Arthur_Holmes__Holmes #James_Hutton__Hutton #Gideon_Algernon_Mantell__Mantell #Henry_Rowe_Schoolcraft__Schoolcraft #Alfred_Lothar_Wegener__Wegener #John_Tuzo_Wilson__Wilson
subtype: #linguist__linguistic_scientist a specialist in linguistics
subtype: #computational_linguist__computationallinguist someone trained in computer science and linguistics who uses computers for natural language processing
subtype: #grammarian__syntactician a linguist who specializes in the study of grammar and syntax
instance: #Aristarchus.grammarian__aristarchu #Aelius_Donatus__Donatus #Panini
subtype: #Hebraist linguist specializing in the Hebrew language
subtype: #lexicographer__lexicologist a compiler or writer of a dictionary; a student of the lexical component of language
subtype: #etymologist a lexicographer who specializes in etymology
subtype: #neologist a lexicographer of new words and expressions
subtype: #synonymist a student of synonyms
instance: #Nathaniel_Bailey__Bailey__Nathan_Bailey #Sir_William_Alexander_Craigie__Craigie__William_A._Craigie #John_Florio__Florio #Henry_Watson_Fowler__Fowler #Samuel_Johnson__Johnson__Dr._Johnson #Pierre_Athanase_Larousse__Larousse__Pierre_Larousse #Maximilien_Paul_Emile_Littre__Littre #Sir_James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Murray__James_Murray__James_Augustus_Murray__James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Sir_James_Murray__Sir_James_Augustus_Murray #Noah_Webster__Webster #Joseph_Emerson_Worcester__Worcester
subtype: #neurolinguist someone trained in neuroscience and linguistics who studies brain processes during language production and reception
subtype: #phonetician a specialist in phonetics
subtype: #transcriber.phonetician someone who represents the sounds of speech in phonetic notation
instance: #Daniel_Jones__Jones #Henry_Sweet__Sweet
subtype: #phonologist a specialist in phonology
subtype: #psycholinguist a person (usually a psychologist but sometimes a linguist) who studies the psychological basis of human language
subtype: #semanticist__semiotician a specialist in the study of linguistic meaning
instance: #Alfred_Habdank_Skarbek_Korzybski__Korzybski__Alfred_Korzybski #Charles_Kay_Ogden__Ogden__C._K._Ogden #Ivor_Armstrong_Richards__Richards__I._A._Richards
subtype: #sociolinguist a linguist who studies the social and cultural factors that influence linguistic communication
instance: #Leonard_Bloomfield__Bloomfield #A._Noam_Chomsky__Chomsky__Noam_Chomsky #John_Rupert_Firth__Firth__J._R._Firth #Jakob_Ludwig_Karl_Grimm__Grimm #Roman_Osipovich_Jakobson__Jakobson__Roman_Jakobson #Jens_Otto_Harry_Jespersen__Jespersen__Otto_Jespersen #Edward_Sapir__Sapir
subtype: #mathematician a person skilled in mathematics
subtype: #algebraist a mathematician whose specialty is algebra
subtype: #arithmetician someone who specializes in arithmetic
subtype: #geometer__geometrician a mathematician specializing in geometry
instance: #Euclid
subtype: #number_theorist a mathematician specializing in number theory
subtype: #probability_theorist__probabilitytheorist a mathematician who specializes in probability theory
subtype: #mathematical_statistician__statistician a mathematician who specializes in statistics
subtype: #trigonometrician a mathematician specializing in trigonometry
instance: #Niels_Henrik_Abel__Abel__Niels_Abel #Archimedes #Jacques_Bernoulli__Bernoulli__Jakob_Bernoulli__James_Bernoulli #Johann_Bernoulli__Bernoulli__Jean_Bernoulli__John_Bernoulli #Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel__Bessel #George_Boole__Boole #Nathaniel_Bowditch__Bowditch #Rene_Descartes__Descartes #Diophantus #Eratosthenes #Leonhard_Euler__Euler #Pierre_de_Fermat__Fermat #Baron_Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier__Fourier__Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier #Evariste_Galois__Galois #Karl_Friedrich_Gauss__Gauss__Karl_Gauss #Sir_William_Rowan_Hamilton__Hamilton__William_Rowan_Hamilton #Hero_of_Alexandria__Hero__Heron #David_Hilbert__Hilbert #Hipparchus #Karl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi__Jacobi #Felix_Klein__Klein #Leopold_Kronecker__Kronecker #Pierre_Simon_de_Laplace__Laplace__Marquis_de_Laplace #Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz__Leibniz__leibniz__Leibnitz__Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibnitz #Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky__Lobachevsky #Benoit_Mandelbrot__Mandelbrot #Andrei_Markov__Markov__Markoff__Andre_Markoff #Hermann_Minkowski__Minkowski #August_Ferdinand_Mobius__Mobius__August_F._Mobius #Johann_Muller__Muller__Regiomontanus #John_Napier__Napier #Sir_Isaac_Newton__Newton__Isaac_Newton #Emmy_Noether__Noether #Omar_Khayyam #Blaise_Pascal__Pascal #Benjamin_Peirce__Peirce #Pythagoras #Georg_Friedrich_Bernhard_Riemann__Riemann #Alan_Mathison_Turing__Turing__Alan_Turing #Oswald_Veblen__Veblen #Paul_Vernier__Vernier #John_von_Neumann__von_Neumann__Neumann #Andre_Weil__Weil #Alfred_North_Whitehead__Whitehead #Norbert_Wiener__Wiener
subtype: #medical_scientist__medicalscientist a scientist who studies disease processes
subtype: #epidemiologist a medical scientist who studies the transmission and control of epidemic diseases
subtype: #immunologist__serologist a medical scientist who specializes in immunology
instance: #Sir_Peter_Brian_Medawar__Medawar__medawar__Peter_Medawar
subtype: #toxicologist one who studies the nature and effects of poisons and their treatment
instance: #Alice_Hamilton__Hamilton
subtype: #microscopist a scientist who specializes in research with the use of microscopes
instance: #Anton_van_Leuwenhoek__Leuwenhoek__Leeuwenhoek__Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek #Jan_Swammerdam__Swammerdam
subtype: #mineralogist a scientist trained in mineralogy
subtype: #oceanographer a scientist who studies physical and biological aspects of the seas
instance: #Vagn_Walfrid_Ekman__Ekman
subtype: #paleontologist__palaeontologist__fossilist a specialist in paleontology
instance: #Stephen_Jay_Gould__Gould #Louis_Seymour_Bazett_Leakey__Leakey__Louis_Leakey #Mary_Douglas_Leakey__Leakey__Mary_Leakey #Richard_Erskine_Leakey__Leakey__Richard_Leakey #Sir_Richard_Owen__Owen #Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin__Teilhard_de_Chardin
subtype: #physicist a scientist trained in physics
subtype: #acoustician a physicist who specializes in acoustics
subtype: #astronomer__uranologist__stargazer a physicist who studies astronomy
subtype: #astrophysicist an astronomer who studies the physical properties of celestial bodies
subtype: #cosmologist an astronomer who studies the evolution and space-time relations of the universe
instance: #Georges_Henri_Lemaitre__Lemaitre__Edouard_Lemaitre
instance: #Aristarchus_of_Samos #Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel__Bessel #Nathaniel_Bowditch__Bowditch #Anders_Celsius__Celsius #Nicolaus_Copernicus__Copernicus__Mikolaj_Kopernik #Sir_Arthur_Stanley_Eddington__Eddington #Eratosthenes #Galileo_Galilei__Galileo #George_Ellery_Hale__Hale #Asaph_Hall__Hall #Edmond_Halley__Halley__Edmund_Halley #Sir_Frederick_William_Herschel__Herschel__William_Herschel__Sir_William_Herschel #Sir_John_Frederick_William_Herschel__Herschel__John_Herschel__Sir_John_Herschel #Hipparchus #Edwin_Powell_Hubble__Hubble__Edwin_Hubble #Sir_William_Huggins__Huggins #Hypatia #Johannes_Kepler__Kepler__Johan_Kepler #Samuel_Pierpoint_Langley__Langley #Pierre_Simon_de_Laplace__Laplace__Marquis_de_Laplace #Sir_Alfred_Charles_Bernard_Lovell__Lovell__Sir_Bernard_Lovell #Percival_Lowell__Lowell #Maria_Mitchell__Mitchell #Johann_Muller__Muller__Regiomontanus #Simon_Newcomb__Newcomb #Omar_Khayyam #Jan_Hendrix_Oort__Oort #Benjamin_Peirce__Peirce #Ptolemy__Claudius_Ptolemaeus #David_Rittenhouse__Rittenhouse #Giovanni_Virginio_Schiaparelli__Schiaparelli #Harlow_Shapley__Shapley #Willem_de_Sitter__Sitter #Thales_of_Miletus__Thales #Clyde_William_Tombaugh__Tombaugh
subtype: #biophysicist a physicist who applies the methods of physics to biology
subtype: #nuclear_physicist__nuclearphysicist a physicist who specializes in nuclear physics
instance: #Carl_David_Anderson__Anderson__Carl_Anderson #Hans_Albrecht_Bethe__Bethe__Hans_Bethe #Niels_Henrik_David_Bohr__Bohr__Niels_Bohr #Max_Born__Born #Satyendra_Nath_Bose__Bose__Satyendra_N._Bose #Louis_Victor_de_Broglie__Broglie__de_Broglie #Sir_John_Douglas_Cockcroft__Cockcroft__Sir_John_Cockcroft #Arthur_Holly_Compton__Compton__Arthur_Compton #Paul_Adrien_Maurice_Dirac__Dirac #Enrico_Fermi__Fermi #Richard_Phillips_Feynman__Feynman__feynman__Richard_Feynman #Otto_Robert_Frisch__Frisch__Otto_Frisch #Murray_Gell-Mann__Gell-Mann #Donald_Arthur_Glaser__Glaser__Donald_Glaser #Werner_Karl_Heisenberg__Heisenberg #Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz__Hertz__Gustav_Hertz #Gerhard_Herzberg__Herzberg #Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence__Lawrence__E._O._Lawrence #Tsung_Dao_Lee__Lee #Marie_Goeppert_Mayer__Mayer #Lise_Meitner__Meitner #Rudolf_Ludwig_Mossbauer__Mossbauer #Karl_Alex_Muller__Muller #Robert_Oppenheimer__Oppenheimer #Wolfgang_Pauli__Pauli #Andrei_Dimitrievich_Sakharov__Sakharov__Andrei_Sakharov #Erwin_Schrodinger__Schrodinger #Leo_Szilard__Szilard #Igor_Yevgeneevich_Tamm__Tamm__Igor_Tamm #Edward_Teller__Teller #Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton__Walton__E._T._S._Walton__Ernest_Walton #Eugene_Paul_Wigner__Wigner__Eugene_Wigner #Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson__Wilson #Hideki_Yukawa__Yukawa
instance: #Philip_Warren_Anderson__Anderson__Philip_Anderson__Phil_Anderson #Sir_Edward_Victor_Appleton__Appleton__Edward_Appleton #Archimedes #Svante_August_Arrhenius__Arrhenius #Amedeo_Avogadro__Avogadro #John_Bardeen__Bardeen__bardeen #Antoine_Henri_Becquerel__Becquerel__Henri_Becquerel #Daniel_Bernoulli__Bernoulli #Ludwig_Boltzmann__Boltzmann #Nicolas_Leonard_Sadi_Carnot__Carnot__Sadi_Carnot #Henry_Cavendish__Cavendish #Jacques_Alexandre_Cesar_Charles__Charles__Jacques_Charles #Charles_Augustin_de_Coulomb__Coulomb #Sir_William_Crookes__Crookes__William_Crookes #Pierre_Curie__Curie #John_Dalton__Dalton #Sir_James_Dewar__Dewar #Christian_Johann_Doppler__Doppler #Albert_Einstein__Einstein #Leo_Esaki__Esaki #Gabriel_Daniel_Fahrenheit__Fahrenheit #Michael_Faraday__Faraday #Gustav_Theodor_Fechner__Fechner__fechner #Jean_Bernard_Leon_Foucault__Foucault #Baron_Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier__Fourier__Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier #James_Franck__Franck #Augustin_Jean_Fresnel__Fresnel #Emil_Klaus_Julius_Fuchs__Fuchs__Klaus_Fuchs #Dennis_Gabor__Gabor #George_Gamow__Gamow #Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac__Gay-Lussac #Hans_Geiger__Geiger #William_Gilbert__Gilbert #Robert_Hutchings_Goddard__Goddard #Stephen_William_Hawking__Hawking__Stephen_Hawking #Oliver_Heaviside__Heaviside #Baron_Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz__Helmholtz__Hermann_von_Helmholtz__Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz #Joseph_Henry__Henry #Heinrich_Rudolph_Hertz__Hertz__Heinrich_Hertz #Victor_Franz_Hess__Hess__Victor_Hess #Christiaan_Huygens__Huygens__Christian_Huygens #Jean-Frederic_Joliot-Curie__Joliot__Jean-Frederic_Joliot__Joliot-Curie #Irene_Joliot-Curie__Joliot-Curie #James_Prescott_Joule__Joule #Alfred_Kastler__Kastler #First_Baron_Kelvin__Kelvin__William_Thompson #Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff__Kirchhoff__G._R._Kirchhoff #Lev_Davidovich_Landau__Landau #Philipp_Lenard__Lenard #Gabriel_Lippmann__Lippmann #Sir_Oliver_Joseph_Lodge__Lodge__Sir_Oliver_Lodge #Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz__Lorentz #Ernst_Mach__Mach #James_Clerk_Maxwell__Maxwell__J._C._Maxwell #Fritz_W._Meissner__Meissner #Albert_Abraham_Michelson__Michelson__A._A._Michelson__Albert_Michelson #Robert_Andrews_Millikan__Millikan #Louis_Eugene_Felix_Neel__Neel #Walther_Hermann_Nernst__Nernst #Sir_Isaac_Newton__Newton__Isaac_Newton #Hans_Christian_Oersted__Oersted #Georg_Simon_Ohm__Ohm #Max_Karl_Ernst_Ludwig_Planck__Planck__Max_Planck #Third_Baron_Rayleigh__Rayleigh__Lord_Rayleigh__John_William_Strutt #Rene_Antoine_Ferchault_de_Reaumur__Reaumur #Wilhelm_Konrad_Roentgen__Roentgen__Rontgin__Wilhelm_Konrad_Rontgen #First_Baron_Rutherford_of_Nelson__Rutherford__Ernest_Rutherford__First_Baron_Rutherford #William_Bradford_Shockley__Shockley__William_Shockley #Benjamin_Thompson__Thompson__Count_Rumford #Sir_Joseph_John_Thomson__Thomson__Joseph_John_Thomson #Sir_George_Paget_Thomson__Thomson__George_Paget_Thomson #Evangelista_Torricelli__Torricelli #John_Tyndall__Tyndall #James_Alfred_Van_Allen__Van_Allen #John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck__Van_Vleck__John_Van_Vleck #Conte_Alessandro_Giuseppe_Antonio_Anastasio_Volta__Volta__Count_Alessandro_Volta__Conte_Alessandro_Volta #Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber__Weber #Steven_Weinberg__Weinberg #Sir_Charles_Wheatstone__Wheatstone #Robert_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson #William_Hyde_Wollaston__Wollaston #Yang_Chen_Ning__Chen_N._Yang #Thomas_Young__Young #Pieter_Zeeman__Zeeman #Vladimir_Kosma_Zworykin__Zworykin
subtype: #principal_investigator__principalinvestigator__PI the scientist in charge of an experiment or research project
subtype: #psychologist a scientist trained in psychology
subtype: #behaviorist a psychologist who subscribes to behaviorism
subtype: #hypnotist__hypnotizer__hypnotiser__mesmerist a person who induces hypnosis
subtype: #parapsychologist someone who studies the evidence for such psychological phenomena as psychokinesis and telepathy and clairvoyance
instance: #Joseph_Banks_Rhine__Rhine__J._B._Rhine
subtype: #psycholinguist a person (usually a psychologist but sometimes a linguist) who studies the psychological basis of human language
subtype: #psychophysicist a psychologist trained in psychophysics
instance: #Alfred_Binet__Binet #Cyril_Lodowic_Burt__Burt__Cyril_Burt #Kenneth_Bancroft_Clark__Clark__Kenneth_Clark #Arnold_Lucius_Gesell__Gesell__Arnold_Gesell #Granville_Stanley_Hall__Hall__G._Stanley_Hall #William_James__James #Carl_Gustav_Jung__Jung__Carl_Jung #Timothy_Francis_Leary__Leary__Tim_Leary__Timothy_Leary #Charles_Kay_Ogden__Ogden__C._K._Ogden #Jean_Piaget__Piaget #Carl_Rogers__Rogers #Herbert_Aleddxander_Simon__Simon__Herb_Simon__Herbert_A._Simon #Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner__Skinner__B_F_Skinner #Edward_Lee_Thorndike__Thorndike #John_Broadus_Watson__Watson #Robert_Mearns_Yerkes__Yerkes__Robert_M._Yerkes
subtype: #radiologic_technologist a scientist trained in radiological technology
subtype: #researcher__research_worker__investigator a scientist who devotes himself to doing research
subtype: #experimenter a research worker who conducts experiments
subtype: #boffin (British slang) a scientist or technician engaged in military research
subtype: #fieldworker a researcher who works in the field
subtype: pm#Australian_researcher
subtype: is#researcher_in_IS
subtype: #seismologist a scientist who studies earthquakes
subtype: #social_scientist someone expert in the study of human society and its personal relationships
subtype: #anthropologist a social scientist who specializes in anthropology
subtype: #archeologist__archaeologist an anthropologist who studies prehistoric people and their culture
subtype: #Egyptologist an archeologist who specializes in Egyptology
instance: #Howard_Carter__Carter #Jean_Francois_Champollion__Champollion #Thomas_Young__Young
subtype: #pothunter.archeologist a nonprofessional archeologist
instance: #Sir_Arthur_John_Evans__Evans__Arthur_Evans #Heinrich_Schliemann__Schliemann #Homer_Armstrong_Thompson__Thompson__Homer_Thompson__Homer_A._Thompson #Sir_Robert_Eric_Mortimer_Wheeler__Wheeler__Sir_Mortimer_Wheeler #Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann__Winckelmann__Johann_Winckelmann #Sir_Charles_Leonard_Woolley__Woolley__Sir_Leonard_Woolley
subtype: #ethnographer an anthropologist who does ethnography
subtype: #ethnologist an anthropologist who studies ethnology
instance: #Kund_Johan_Victor_Rasmussen__Rasmussen #Henry_Rowe_Schoolcraft__Schoolcraft
subtype: #social_anthropologist an anthropologist who studies such cultural phenomena as kinship systems
subtype: #ritualist a social anthropologist who is expert on rites and ceremonies
instance: #Ruth_Benedict__Benedict__Ruth_Fulton #Daniel_Garrison_Brinton__Brinton #Pierre-Paul_Broca__Broca #Sir_James_George_Frazer__Frazer__James_George_Frazer #Heyerdahl__Thor_Hyerdahl #Alfred_Louis_Kroeber__Kroeber__Alfred_Kroeber #Louis_Seymour_Bazett_Leakey__Leakey__Louis_Leakey #Mary_Douglas_Leakey__Leakey__Mary_Leakey #Richard_Erskine_Leakey__Leakey__Richard_Leakey #Claude_Levi-Strauss__Levi-Strauss #Bronislaw_Kasper_Malinowski__bronislawkaspermalinowski__Malinowski__Bronislaw_Malinowski #Margaret_Mead__Mead #Ashley_Montagu__Montagu #Lewis_Henry_Morgan__Morgan #Edward_Sapir__Sapir
subtype: #economist__economic_expert an expert in the science of economics
subtype: #econometrician an economist who uses statistical and mathematical methods
subtype: #monetarist an advocate of the theory that economic fluctuations are caused by increases or decreases in the supply of money
subtype: #bimetallist an advocate of bimetallism
instance: #William_Henry_Beveridge__Beveridge__First_Baron_Beveridge #Milton_Friedman__Friedman #Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch__Frisch__Ragnar_Frisch #John_Kenneth_Galbraith__Galbraith__John_Galbraith #Friedrich_August_von_Hayek__Hayek #William_Stanley_Jevons__Jevons #John_Maynard_Keynes__Keynes #Tjalling_Charles_Koopmans__Koopmans__Tjalling_Koopmans #Simon_Kuznets__Kuznets #Arthur_Laffer__Laffer #Stephen_Butler_Leacock__Leacock__Stephen_Leacock #Wassily_Leontief__Leontief #Thomas_Robert_Malthus__Malthus__Thomas_Malthus #Karl_Marx__Marx #James_Edward_Meade__Meade #John_Stuart_Mill__Mill__John_Mill #Jean_Monnet__Monnet #Karl_Gunnar_Myrdal__Myrdal__Gunnar_Myrdal #Vilfredo_Pareto__Pareto #David_Ricardo__Ricardo #Joseph_Alois_Schumpeter__Schumpeter__Joseph_Schumpeter #Herbert_Aleddxander_Simon__Simon__Herb_Simon__Herbert_A._Simon #Adam_Smith__Smith #Richard_Henry_Tawney__Tawney #Jan_Tinbergen__Tinbergen #Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot__Turgot #Thorstein_Bunde_Veblen__Veblen__Thorstein_Veblen #Barbara_Ward__Ward__Baroness_Jackson_of_Lodsworth #Sidney_James_Webb__Webb__Sidney_Webb__First_Baron_Passfield #Helen_Laura_Sumner_Woodbury__Woodbury
subtype: #penologist a person who studies the theory and practice of prison management
subtype: #political_scientist__politicalscientist a social scientist specializing in the study of government
subtype: #sociologist a social scientist who studies the institutions and development of human society
subtype: #demographer__demographist__population_scientist a scientist who studies the growth and density of populations and their vital statistics
subtype: #psephologist a sociologist who studies election trends
instance: #Emile_Durkheim__Durkheim #Francois_Marie_Charles_Fourier__Fourier__Charles_Fourier #Robert_King_Merton__Merton__Robert_Merton #Vilfredo_Pareto__Pareto #Parsons__Talcott_Prsons #Herbert_Spencer__Spencer #William_Graham_Sumner__Sumner #Sidney_James_Webb__Webb__Sidney_Webb__First_Baron_Passfield #Max_Weber__Weber
instance: #Roger_Bacon__Bacon #Benjamin_Franklin__Franklin #Sir_Francis_Galton__Galton__Francis_Galton #Robert_Hooke__Hooke
subtype: #skeptic__sceptic__doubter someone who habitually doubts accepted beliefs
subtype: #doubting_Thomas someone who demands physical evidence in order to be convinced (especially when this demand is out of place)
subtype: #pessimist a person who expects the worst
subtype: #defeatist__negativist someone who is resigned to defeat
subtype: #specifier someone who draws up specifications giving details (as for obtaining a patent)
subtype: #speculator someone who makes conjectures without knowing the facts
subtype: #subjectivist a person who subscribes to subjectivism
subtype: #synthesist__synthesizer an intellectual who synthesizes or uses synthetic methods
subtype: #theologian__theologist__theologizer__theologiser someone who is learned in theology or who speculates about theology
subtype: #Doctor_of_the_Church__Doctor a leading theologian in the history of the Roman Catholic Church; "the Doctors of the Church greatly influenced Christian thought down to the late Middle Ages"
subtype: #eschatologist a theologian who specializes in eschatology
subtype: #preterist a theologian who believes that the prophecies of the Apocalypse have already been fulfilled
instance: #Pierre_Abelard__Abelard__Peter_Abelard #Saint_Thomas_Aquinas__Aquinas__Thomas_Aquinas__Saint_Thomas__St_Thomas__St_Thomas_Aquinas #Jacobus_Arminius__Arminius__Jacob_Harmensen #Athanasius_the_Great__Athanasius__Saint_Athanasius__St_Athanasius #St_Augustine__Augustine__Saint_Augustine #the_Venerable_Bede__Bede__Saint_Bede__St_Bede__Baeda__Saint_Baeda__St_Baeda__Beda__Saint_Beda__St_Beda #Roberto_Francesco_Romolo_Bellarmine__Bellarmine__Bellarmino__Cardinal_Bellarmine #Rudolf_Karl_Bultmann__Bultmann__Rudolf_Bultmann #John_Calvin__Calvin__Jean_Cauvin__Jean_Caulvin__Jean_Chauvin #John_Duns_Scotus__Duns_Scotus #Johannes_Eckhart__Eckhart__Meister_Eckhart #Jonathan_Edwards__Edwards #Richard_Hooker__Hooker #Mark_Hopkins__Hopkins #Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola__Ignatius_of_Loyola__St_Ignatius_of_Loyola__Loyola #Cornelis_Jansen__Jansen__Cornelius_Jansenius #John_Knox__Knox #Martin_Luther__Luther #Philipp_Melanchthon__Melanchthon__Philipp_Schwarzerd #John_Henry_Newman__Newman__Cardinal_Newman #Reinhold_Niebuhr__Niebuhr #Edward_Bouverie_Pusey__Pusey__Edward_Pusey #Faustus_Socinus__Socinus__Fausto_Paolo_Sozzini #Emanuel_Swedenborg__Swedenborg__Svedberg__Emanuel_Svedberg #Tertullian__Quintus_Septimius_Florens_Tertullianus #Paul_Johannes_Tillich__Tillich__Paul_Tillich #Isaac_Watts__Watts #John_Wycliffe__Wycliffe__Wickliffe__John_Wickliffe__Wyclif__John_Wyclif__Wiclif__John_Wiclif #Count_Nikolaus_Ludwig_von_Zinzendorf__Zinzendorf #Huldreich_Zwingli__Zwingli__zwingli__Ulrich_Zwingli
subtype: #theorist__theoretician__theorizer__theoriser someone who theorizes (especially in science or art)
subtype: #thinker someone who exercises the mind (usually in an effort to reach a decision)
subtype: #divergent_thinker__divergentthinker a thinker who moves away from the problem as stated and often has novel ideas and solutions
subtype: #excogitator a thinker who considers carefully and thoroughly
subtype: #muser__muller__ponderer__ruminator a reflective thinker characterized by quiet contemplation
subtype: #problem_solver__problemsolver__solver__convergent_thinker a thinker who focuses on the problem as stated and tries to synthesize information and knowledge to achieve a solution
subtype: #visionary__illusionist__seer a person with unusual powers of foresight
subtype: #anticipator__anticipant one who anticipates
subtype: #fantast__futurist someone who predicts the future
subtype: #forecaster__predictor__prognosticator__soothsayer someone who makes predictions of the future (usually on the basis of special knowledge)
subtype: #astrologer__astrologist someone who predicts the future by the positions of the planets and sun and moon
instance: #Nostradamus__Michel_de_Notredame
subtype: #fortuneteller__fortune_teller__fortuneteller a person who foretells your personal future
subtype: #palmist__palmister__chiromancer fortuneteller who predicts your future by the lines on your palms
subtype: #sibyl.fortuneteller a woman who tells fortunes
subtype: #idealist__dreamer someone guided more by ideals than by practical considerations
subtype: #Don_Quixote.idealist__donquixote any impractical idealist (after Cervantes' hero)
subtype: #romantic a soulful or amorous idealist
subtype: #wonderer someone who is curious about something
subtype: #juvenile_person__juvenile a youthful person
subtype: #lover a person who loves or is loved
subtype: #leader a person who rules or guides or inspires others
subtype: #money_handler__moneyhandler__money_dealer__moneydealer a person who receives or invests or pays out money
subtype: #national__subject a person who owes allegiance to that nation; "a monarch has a duty to his subjects"
subtype: #nonreligious_person a person who does not manifest devotion to a deity
subtype: #nonworker a person who does nothing
subtype: #peer__equal__match__compeer a person who is of equal standing with another in a group
subtype: #perceiver__observer__beholder a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses
subtype: #precursor__forerunner a person who goes before or announces the coming of another
subtype: #primitive_person__primitiveperson__primitive a person who belongs to early stage of civilization
subtype: #religionist__religious_person__religiousperson a person who manifests devotion to a deity
subtype: #sensualist a person who enjoys sensuality
subtype: #traveler__traveller a person who changes location
subtype: #unfortunate_person__unfortunateperson__unfortunate a person who suffers misfortune
subtype: #unwelcome_person__unwelcomeperson__persona_non_grata a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome
subtype: #unskilled_person__unskilledperson a person who lacks technical training
subtype: #worker a person who works at a specific job; "he is a good worker"
subtype: #African a native or inhabitant of Africa
subtype: #person_of_color__person_of_colour (formal) any non-European non-White person
subtype: #White__white_person__whiteperson__Caucasian a member of the Caucasoid race
subtype: #Slav any member of the people of Eastern Europe or Russian Asia who speak a Slavonic language
subtype: #Gentile a person who is not a member of one's own religion; used in this sense by Mormons and Hindus
subtype: #Jew__Hebrew__Israelite a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties
subtype: #European a person of European nationality
subtype: #abstinent__abstainer__nondrinker a person who refrains from drinking intoxicating beverages
subtype: #achiever__winner__success__succes a person with a record of successes; "his son would never be the achiever that his father was"; "only winners need apply"; "if you want to be a success you have to dress like a success"
subtype: #acquaintance__friend a person with whom you are acquainted; "I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances"; "we are friends of the family"
subtype: #acquirer a person who acquires something (usually permanently)
subtype: #actor__doer__worker a person who acts and gets things done; "he's a principal actor in this affair"; "when you want something done get a doer"; "he's a miracle worker"
subtype: #adjudicator a person who adjudicates
subtype: #admirer a person who admires; someone who esteems or respects or approves
subtype: #adversary__antagonist__opponent__opposer someone who offers opposition
subtype: #advisee someone who receives advice
subtype: #advocator__advocate__proponent__exponent a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
subtype: #affiant a person who makes an affidavit
subtype: #amateur someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime
subtype: #apprehender a person who seizes or arrests (especially a person who seizes or arrests in the name of justice)
subtype: #appreciator a person who is fully aware of something and understand it; "he is not an appreciator of our dilemma"
subtype: #arrogator a person who through conceit makes pretentious claims to rights or advantages that he or she is not entitled to or to qualities that he or she does not possess
subtype: #authority (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; "the authorities have issued a curfew"
subtype: #autodidact a person who is self-taught
subtype: #baby_boomer__boomer a member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s; "they expanded the schools for a generation of baby boomers"
subtype: #baby_buster__buster a person born in the generation following the baby boom when the birth rate fell dramatically
subtype: #baldhead__baldpate__baldy a person whose head is bald
subtype: #balker__baulker a person who refuses to comply
subtype: #bullfighter someone who fights bulls
subtype: #bather a person who takes a bath
subtype: #bedfellow a person with whom you share a bed
subtype: #best.person the person who is most outstanding or excellent; "he could beat the best of them"
subtype: #biter someone who bites
subtype: #blond__blonde a person with fair skin and hair
subtype: #bodybuilder__musclebuilder someone who does special exercises to develop the musculature
subtype: #bomber.person a person who plants bombs
subtype: #brunet__brunette a person with dark (brown) hair
subtype: #buster a person (or thing) that breaks up or overpowers something; "dam buster"; "sanction buster"; crime buster"
subtype: #candidate__prospect someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)
subtype: #case.person a person requiring professional services; "a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor"
subtype: #celebrator__celebrant__celebrater a person who is celebrating
subtype: #charmer a person who charms others (usually by personal attractiveness)
subtype: #child.person__baby an immature childish person; "he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived"; "stop being a baby!"
subtype: #clumsy_person a person with poor motor coordination
subtype: #aggregator__collector a person who collects things
subtype: #combatant__battler__belligerent__fighter someone who fights (or is fighting)
subtype: #complexifier someone makes things complex
subtype: #compulsive a person with a compulsive disposition; someone who feels compelled to do certain things
subtype: #copycat__imitator__emulator__ape__aper someone who copies the words or behavior of another
subtype: #crawler__creeper a person who crawls or creeps along the ground
subtype: #wight__creature a human being; `wight' is an archaic term
subtype: #social_dancer__dancer a person who participates in a social gathering arranged for dancing (as a ball)
subtype: #dead_person__dead_soul__deceased_person__deceased__decedent__departed someone who is no longer alive; "I wonder what the dead person would have done"
subtype: #debaser__degrader a person who lowers the quality or character or value (as by adding cheaper metal to coins)
subtype: #defecator__voider__shitter a person who defecates
subtype: #delayer a person who delays; to put off until later or cause to be late
subtype: #deliverer a person who gives up or transfers money or goods
subtype: #demander a person who makes demands
subtype: #dichromat a person with any of the various forms of dichromacy
subtype: #differentiator__discriminator a person who differentiates
subtype: #disentangler__unraveler__unraveller a person who removes tangles; someone who takes something out of a tangled state
subtype: #dissenter__dissident__protester__objector__contestant a person who dissents from some established policy
subtype: #divider a person who separates something into parts or groups
subtype: #look-alike__double__image someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); "he could be Gingrich's double"; "she's the very image of her mother"
subtype: #dresser.person a person who dresses in a particular way; "she's an elegant dresser"; "he's a meticulous dresser"
subtype: #driveller__dribbler__slobberer__drooler a person who dribbles; "that baby is a dribbler; he needs a bib"
subtype: #drug_user__substance_abuser__substanceabuser__user a person who takes drugs
subtype: #ectomorph a person with a thin non-muscular body
subtype: #effecter__effector one who brings about a result or event; one who accomplishes a purpose
subtype: #Elizabethan a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I; "William Shakespeare was an Elizabethan"
subtype: #emotional_person__emotionalperson a person subject to strong states of emotion
subtype: #endomorph a heavy person with a soft and rounded body
subtype: #enjoyer a person who delights in having or using or experiencing something
subtype: #explorer__adventurer someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)
subtype: #faddist a person who subscribes to a variety of fads
subtype: #faller a person who falls; "one of them was safe but they were unable to save the faller"; "a faller among thieves"
subtype: #fastener a person who fastens or makes fast; "he found the door fastened and wondered who the fastener was"
subtype: #fiduciary a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary; "it is illegal for a fiduciary to misappropriate money for personal gain"
subtype: #first-rater__firstrater one who is first-rate
subtype: #follower an ordinary person who accepts the leadership of another
subtype: #free_spirit__free_agent__freewheeler someone acting freely or even irresponsibly
subtype: #friend a person you know well and regard with affection and trust; "he was my best friend at the university"
subtype: #fugitive__runaway someone who flees from an uncongenial situation; "fugitives from the seatshops"
subtype: #gainer a person who gains (gains an advantage or gains profits); "she was clearly the gainer in that exchange"
subtype: #weight_gainer__gainer a person who gains weight
subtype: #gambler a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events
subtype: #gatherer a person who gathers; "they were a society of hunters and gatherers"
subtype: #good_guy any person who is on your side
subtype: #bad_guy__badguy any person who is not on your side
subtype: #granter a person who grants or gives something
subtype: #greeter__saluter__welcomer a person who greets; "the newcomers were met by smiling greeters"
subtype: #grinner a person who grins
subtype: #groaner a person who groans
subtype: #grunter a person who grunts
subtype: #guesser a person who guesses
subtype: #handicapped_person__handicappedperson a person who has some handicap that interferes with normal functions
subtype: #hater a person who hates
subtype: #heterosexual_person__heterosexual__straight_person__straight a heterosexual person; someone having a sexual orientation to persons of the opposite sex
subtype: #homosexual__homo__gay someone who practices homosexuality; having a sexual attraction to persons of the same sex
subtype: #homunculus a tiny fully formed individual that (according to the discredited theory of preformation) is supposed to be present in the sperm cell
subtype: #hope.person someone (or something) on which expectations are centered; "he was their best hope for a victory"
subtype: #hoper a person who hopes; "only an avid hoper could expect the team to win now"
subtype: #huddler a person who crouches; "low huddlers against the wind"
subtype: #hugger a person who hugs
subtype: #idler__loafer__do-nothing__layabout__bum person who does no work
subtype: #immune a person who is immune to a particular infection
subtype: #interpreter someone who uses art to represent something; "his paintings reveal a sensitive interpreter of nature"; "she was famous as an interpreter of Shakespearean roles"
subtype: #jewel__gem a person who is a brilliant and precious as a piece of jewelry
subtype: #slayer__killer someone who causes the death of a person or animal
subtype: #relative__relation a person related by blood or marriage; "police are searching for relatives of the deceased"; "he has distant relations back in New Jersey"
subtype: #kneeler.person a person in a kneeling position
subtype: #knocker a person who knocks (as seeking to gain admittance); "open the door and see who the knocker is"
subtype: #knower__apprehender a person who knows or apprehends
subtype: #large_person__largeperson a person of greater than average size
subtype: #laugher a person who is laughing or who laughs easily
subtype: #learner__assimilator someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs
subtype: #left-hander__lefty__southpaw a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; "their pitcher was a southpaw"
subtype: #life.person a living person; "his heroism saved a life"
subtype: #lightning_rod__lightningrod someone who is a frequent target of negative reactions and serves to distract attention from another
subtype: #polyglot__linguist a person who speaks more than one language
subtype: #literate_person__literate a person who can read and write
subtype: #liver.person a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
subtype: #longer__thirster__yearner a person with a strong desire for something; "a longer for money"; "a thirster after blood"; "a yearner for knowledge"
subtype: #loose_cannon__loosecannon a person who is expected to perform a particular task but who is out of control and dangerous
subtype: #machine.person an efficient person; "the boxer was a magnificent fighting machine"
subtype: #mailer.person a person who mails something
subtype: #malcontent a person who is discontented or disgusted
subtype: #human_being__humanbeing__man the generic use of the word to refer to any human being; "it was every man for himself"
subtype: #manipulator a person who handles things manually
subtype: #man_jack__manjack a single individual; "every man jack"
subtype: #masturbator a person who practices masturbation
subtype: #measurer a person who makes measurements
subtype: #nonmember a person who is not a member
subtype: #mesomorph a person with a well-developed muscular body
subtype: #mestizo a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)
subtype: #middlebrow (informal) someone who is neither a highbrow nor a lowbrow
subtype: #miracle_man__miracleman__miracle_worker__miracleworker a person who claims or is alleged to perform miracles
subtype: #misogamist a person who hates marriage
subtype: #mixed-blood__mixedblood a person whose ancestors belonged to two or more races
subtype: #modern a contemporary person
subtype: #mutilator__maimer__mangler a person who mutilates or destroys or disfigures or cripples
subtype: #namer a person who gives a name or names; "the owner is usually the namer of a boat"
subtype: #namesake a person with the same name as another
subtype: #neglecter a person who is neglectful and gives little attention or respect to people or responsibilities; "he tried vainly to impress his neglecters"
subtype: #neighbor__neighbour a person who lives (or is located) near another
subtype: #neutral one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute
subtype: #nondescript a person is not easily classified and not very interesting
subtype: #nonparticipant a person who does not participate
subtype: #nonsmoker a person who does not smoke tobacco
subtype: #nude_person__nude a naked person
subtype: #nurser a person who treats something carefully; "a great nurser of pennies"
subtype: #occultist some who practices the occult arts
subtype: #old_maid.person__oldmaid a person who is primly fastidious
subtype: #outcaste a person belonging to no caste
subtype: #outdoorsman a person who spends time outdoors (e.g., hunting or fishing)
subtype: #owner__possessor a person who owns something; "they are searching for the owner of the car"; "who is the owner of that friendly smile?"
subtype: #pamperer__spoiler someone who pampers or spoils by excessive indulgence
subtype: #forgiver__pardoner__excuser a person who pardons or forgives or excuses a fault or offense
subtype: #partner a person who is a member of a partnership
subtype: #party.person a person involved in legal proceedings; "the party of the first part"
subtype: #passer.person a person who passes as a member of a different ethnic or racial group
subtype: #personage another word for person; a person not meriting identification; "a strange personage appeared at the door"
subtype: #personification.person one who personifies an abstract quality
subtype: #perspirer__sweater a person who perspires
subtype: #philosopher.person a wise person who is calm and rational; someone who lives a life of reason with equanimity
subtype: #chooser__picker__selector a person who chooses or selects out
subtype: #urinator__pisser a person who urinates
subtype: #planner__contriver__deviser a person who makes plans
subtype: #powderer someone who applies or scatters powder
subtype: #preserver someone who keeps safe from harm or danger
subtype: #propositus the person immediately affected by or concerned with an action
subtype: #pursuer a person who pursues some plan or goal; "a pursuer of truth"
subtype: #pussycat a person who is regarded as easygoing and agreeable
subtype: #quarter.person an unspecified person; "he dropped a word in the right quarter"
subtype: #quitter a person who gives up too easily
subtype: #rectifier.person a person who corrects or sets right; "a rectifier of prejudices"
subtype: #redhead__carrottop someone who has red hair
subtype: #registrant a person who is formally entered (along with others) in a register (and who obtains certain rights thereby)
subtype: #reliever__allayer a person who reduces the intensity (e.g., of fears) and calms and pacifies; "a reliever of anxiety"; "an allayer of fears"
subtype: #repeater.person a person who repeats; "the audience consisted largely of repeaters who had seen the movie many times"
subtype: #rescuer__recoverer__saver someone who saves something from danger or violence
subtype: #rester a person who rests
subtype: #restrainer.person__controller a person who directs and restrains
subtype: #rich_person__wealthy_person__wealthyperson__have a person who possesses great material wealth
subtype: #right-hander__righthander a person who uses the right hand more skillfully than the left
subtype: #riser.person a person who rises (especially from bed); "he's usually a late riser"
subtype: #roundhead a brachycephalic person
subtype: #swayer__ruler a person who rules or commands; "swayer of the universe"
subtype: #rusher a person who rushes; someone in a hurry; someone who acts precipitously
subtype: #scratcher.person a person who scratches to relieve an itch
subtype: #second-rater__mediocrity a person of second-rate ability or value: "a team of aging second-raters"; "shone among the mediocrities who surrounded him"
subtype: #cloud_seeder__cloudseeder__seeder a person who seeds clouds
subtype: #quester__seeker__searcher someone making a search or inquiry; "they are seekers after truth"
subtype: #sentimentalist__romanticist someone who indulges in excessive sentimentality
subtype: #sex_object__sexobject any person regarded simply as an object of sexual gratification
subtype: #shaker.person__mover a person who wields power and influence; "movers and shakers in the business world"; "a shaker of traditional beliefs"; "a mover of mountains"
subtype: #signatory__signer someone who signs and is bound by a document
subtype: #significant_other__significantother a person with whom you have shared a long-term sexual relationship
subtype: #simpleton__simple a person lacking intelligence or common sense
subtype: #six-footer__sixfooter a person who is at least six feet tall
subtype: #slave a person who is owned by someone
subtype: #sleepyhead a sleepy person
subtype: #sloucher a person who slouches; someone with a drooping carriage
subtype: #small_person__smallperson a person of below average size
subtype: #smasher a person who smashes something
subtype: #smiler a person who smiles
subtype: #sneezer a person who sneezes
subtype: #sniffer a person who sniffs
subtype: #snuffler a person who breathes noisily (as through a nose blocked by mucus)
subtype: #socializer a person who takes part in social activities
subtype: #sort.person a person of a particular character or nature; "what sort of person is he?"; "he's a good sort"
subtype: #sounding_board a person whose reactions to something serve as an indication of its acceptability; "I would use newspapermen as a sounding board for such policies"
subtype: #sphinx.person an inscrutable person who keeps his thoughts and intentions secret
subtype: #expectorator__spitter a person who spits (ejects saliva from the mouth)
subtype: #sprawler a person who sprawls; "he is such a sprawler he needs a bed to himself"
subtype: #spurner a person who rejects (someone or something) with contempt; "she was known as a spurner of all suitors"; "he was no spurner of rules"
subtype: #squinter__squint-eye a person with strabismus
subtype: #stifler__smotherer a person who stifles or smothers or suppresses; "he is a real conversation stifler"; "I see from all the yawn smotherers that it is time to stop"
subtype: #stigmatic__stigmatist a person whose body is marked by religious stigmata (such as marks resembling the wounds of the crucified Christ)
subtype: #stooper a person who carries himself or herself with the head and shoulders habitually bent forward
subtype: #struggler a person who struggles with difficulties or with great effort
subtype: #guinea_pig__subject__case a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; "the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"; "the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities"
subtype: #surrenderer a person who yields or surrenders
subtype: #survivor.person one who outlives another; "he left his farm to his survivors"
subtype: #suspect someone who is under suspicion
subtype: #tempter a person who tempts others; "Satan is the great tempter of mankind"
subtype: #termer a person who serves a specified term; "there are not many fourth termers in the Senate"
subtype: #terror__scourge__threat a person who inspires fear or dread; "he was the terror of the neighborhood"
subtype: #testator__testate a person who makes a will
subtype: #thin_person__skin_and_bones a person who is unusually thin
subtype: #third-rater__thirdrater one who is third-rate or distinctly inferior
subtype: #thrower someone who projects something through the air (especially by a rapid motion of the arm)
subtype: #tiger a fierce or audacious person; "he's a tiger on the tennis court"; "it aroused the tiger in me"
subtype: #toucher a person who causes or allows a part of the body to come in contact with someone or something
subtype: #transfer.person__transferee someone who transfers or is transferred from one position to another; "the best student was a transfer from LSU"
subtype: #transsexual a person whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex
subtype: #transvestite__cross-dresser__crossdresser someone who adopts the dress or manner or sexual role of the opposite sex
subtype: #attempter__trier__essayer one who tries
subtype: #unfastener__undoer__opener__untier a person who unfastens or unwraps or opens; "children are talented undoers of their shoelaces"
subtype: #user a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
subtype: #vanisher a person who disappears
subtype: #dupe__victim a person who is tricked or swindled
subtype: #Victorian a person who lived during the reign of Victoria
subtype: #waiter a person who waits or awaits
subtype: #waker a person who awakes; "an early waker"
subtype: #wanter__needer a person who wants or needs something; "an owner of many things and needer of none"
subtype: #ward a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another
subtype: #warrior someone engaged in or experienced in warfare
subtype: #watcher a person who keeps a devotional vigil by a sick bed or by a dead body
subtype: #weakling__doormat__wus a person who is physically weak and ineffectual
subtype: #squirmer__wiggler__wriggler one who can't stay still (especially a child): "the toddler was a real wiggler on plane trips"
subtype: #winker a person who winks
subtype: #withholder.person a person who refrains from granting; "a withholder of payments"
subtype: #witness (law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law
subtype: #yawner a person who yawns
subtype: pm#male_or_female_person
subtype: pm#in_relationship_person
subtype: pwa#Person
subtype: #Homo_erectus extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain; " Homo erectus was formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus"
subtype: #Homo_soloensis extinct primitive hominid of late Pleistocene; Java; formerly Javanthropus
subtype: #Homo_habilis extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics
subtype: #Homo_sapiens the only surviving hominid; species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools; brain 1400 cc
subtype: #Neandertal_man__Neanderthal_man__Neandertal__Neanderthal__Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia
subtype: #Rhodesian_man__Homo_rhodesiensis a primitive hominid resembling Neanderthal man but living in Africa
subtype: #Pithecanthropus_erectus__Pithecanthropus__genus_Pithecanthropus former genus of primitive apelike men now Homo erectus
subtype: #genus_Sinanthropus__Sinanthropus genus to which Peking man was formerly assigned
subtype: #genus_Javanthropus__Javanthropus former genus of primitive man; now Homo soloensis: comprises Solo man
subtype: #australopithecine any of several extinct humanlike small-brained bipedal primates of the genus Australopithecus; from 1 to 4 million years ago
subtype: #Sivapithecus fossil primates found in India
subtype: #dryopithecine considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans
subtype: #monkey any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)
subtype: #prosimian primitive primates having large ears and eyes and characterized by nocturnal habits
subtype: #lemur large-eyed arboreal prosimian having foxy faces and long furry tails
subtype: #tarsier nocturnal arboreal primate of Indonesia and the Philippines having huge eyes and digits ending in pads to facilitate climbing; the only primate that spurns all plant material as food living entirely on insects and small vertebrates
subtype: #tree_shrew insectivorous arboreal mammal of southeast Asia that resembles a squirrel with large eyes and long sharp snout
subtype: #flying_lemur__flying_cat__colugo arboreal nocturnal mammal of southeast Asia and the Philippines resembling a lemur and having a fold of skin on each side from neck to tail that is used for long gliding leaps
subtype: #proboscidean__proboscidian massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk
subtype: #plantigrade_mammal__plantigrademammal an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot touching the ground as e.g. bears and human beings
subtype: #digitigrade_mammal__digitigrademammal an animal that walks so that only the toes touch the ground as e.g. dogs and cats and horses
subtype: #fossorial_mammal__fossorialmammal a burrowing mammal having limbs adapted for digging
subtype: #tetrapod a vertebrate animal having four feet or legs or leglike appendages
subtype: #invertebrate any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification
subtype: #metazoan any animal of the subkingdom Metazoa; all animals except protozoans and sponges
subtype: #omnivore an animal that feeds on both animal and vegetable substances
subtype: #predator__predatory_animal__predatoryanimal any animal that lives by preying on other animals
subtype: #prey__quarry animal hunted or caught for food
subtype: #biped an animal with two feet
subtype: #larva the immature free-living form of most invertebrates and amphibians and fish which at hatching from the egg is fundamentally unlike its parent and must metamorphose
subtype: #racer.animal an animal that races
subtype: #fictional_animal__fictionalanimal animals that exist only in fiction (usually in children's stories)
subtype: #captive an animal that is confined
subtype: #mate the partner of an animal (especially a sexual partner); "he loved the mare and all her mates"; "camels hate leaving their mates"
1 schema is about #animal
[pm#graph1_on_animal
[any #animal (^$(no inheritance)$^),
#weight: 0.001 to 5000 #kilogram,
#height: 0.001 to 5 #meter,
#width: 0.001 to 5 #meter,
pm#physical_part: a #body_part,
pm#experiencer of: a #birth,
may have for pm#owner: a menu#person_or_organization (^$(explore 1)$^),
may be pm#object of: a pm#commercial_transaction (^$(explore 1)$^),
may be pm#experiencer of: a pm#situation,
may be pm#recipient of: a pm#situation,
may be pm#doer/object/result/place of (^$(explore)$^): a pm#situation]
];
1 statement is about a direct instance of #animal: pm#graph3_on_person
33 statements are about indirect instances of #animal: pm#graph1_on_person, pm#graph2_on_person, pm#graph3_on_person, pm#graph4_on_person, pm#graph1_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#graph2_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#graph3_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#graph4_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#phmIsOwnerOfSomeRedCar, pm#graph6_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#graph7_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, pm#graph1_on_f.modave@gu.edu.au, dg#graph1_on_daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au, pm#graph8_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, km#graph8_on_article, pm#graph1_on_collection, pm#graph1_on_situation, pm#graph1_on_human_motion, pm#graph1_on_flight, pm#graph1_on_conference, pm#graph1_on_file, pm#graph1_on_written_material, pm#graph1_on_publication, pm#graph1_on_report, pm#graph35_on_article, pm#graph1_on_research_staff, pm#graph1_on_ontology, pm#graph2_on_Corolla_AE93_CSI_manual_hatchback, pm#graph2_on_John_Briggs_Alfa_Romeo, pm#graph1_on_Person, wotif#graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=2667, wotif#graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=4384, wotif#graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=5241 click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
Search too large. MMore than 2000 categories have been printed (5798 exactly). The exploration depth has been automatically reduced during the process