#vertebrate__craniate animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
supertype: chordate any animal of the phylum Chordata having a notochord or spinal column
part: belly tail caudal_appendage rib.bone pectus vertebrate_foot digit.extremity
member of: subphylum_Vertebrata
subtype: fetus__fetu__foetus an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
subtype: teras__tera__monster (medicine) a grossly malformed and usually nonviable fetus
subtype: abortus__abortu a human fetus whose weight is less than 0.5 kilogram when removed or expelled from the mother's body
subtype: Amniota higher vertebrates (reptiles; birds; mammals) possessing an amnion during development
subtype: amniote any member of the Amniota
subtype: aquatic_vertebrate__aquaticvertebrate animal living wholly or chiefly in or on water
subtype: jawless_vertebrate__jawlessvertebrate__jawless_fish__jawlessfish__agnathan eel-shaped vertebrate without jaws or paired appendages including the cyclostomes and some extinct forms
subtype: ostracoderm extinct fishlike jawless vertebrate having a heavily armored body; of the Paleozoic
subtype: heterostracan extinct jawless fish with the anterior part of the body covered with bony plates; of the Silurian and Devonian
subtype: osteostracan__cephalaspid extinct jawless fish of the Devonian with armored head
subtype: anaspid extinct small freshwater jawless fish usually having a heterocercal tail and an armored head; of the Silurian and Devonian
subtype: conodont small (2 in) extinct eellike fish with a finned tail and a notochord and having cone-shaped teeth containing cellular bone; late Cambrian to late Triassic; possible predecessor of the cyclostomes
subtype: cyclostome primitive aquatic vertebrate
subtype: lamprey_eel__lampreyeel__lamprey__lamper_eel primitive eellike freshwater or anadromous cyclostome having round sucking mouth with a rasping tongue
subtype: sea_lamprey__sealamprey__Petromyzon_marinus large anadromous lamprey sometimes used as food; destructive of native fish fauna in the Great Lakes
subtype: hagfish__slime_eels eellike cyclostome having a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles; feeds on dead or trapped fishes by boring into their bodies
subtype: Myxine_glutinosa typical hagfish
subtype: eptatretus a fossil hagfish of the genus Eptatretus
subtype: Myxinikela_siroka fossil hagfish of the Pennsylvanian period (c. 300 million years ago) that resembled modern hagfishes
subtype: placoderm fishlike vertebrate with bony plates on head and upper body; dominant in seas and rivers during the Devonian; considered the earliest vertebrate with jaws
subtype: fish any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills
subtype: cartilaginous_fish__cartilaginousfish__chondrichthian fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified
subtype: holocephalan fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail
subtype: chimaera smooth-skinned deep-sea fish with a tapering body and long threadlike tail
subtype: rabbitfish__Chimaera_monstrosa large European chimaera
subtype: elasmobranch__selachian any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
subtype: shark any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales
subtype: cow_shark__cowshark__six-gilled_shark__Hexanchus_griseus large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: mackerel_shark fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks
subtype: porbeagle__Lamna_nasus voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: mako_shark__mako powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: shortfin_mako__Isurus_oxyrhincus very swift active bluish shark found worldwide in warm waters; important game fish
subtype: longfin_mako__longfinmako__Isurus_paucus similar to shortfin mako but darker blue
subtype: bonito_shark__blue_pointed__Isurus_glaucus common blue-gray shark of southwest Pacific; sport and food fish
subtype: great_white_shark__greatwhiteshark__white_shark__whiteshark__man-eater__maneater__man-eating_shark__Carcharodon_carcharias large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans
subtype: basking_shark__baskingshark__Cetorhinus_maximus large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface
subtype: thresher_shark__thresher__thrasher__fox_shark__foxshark__Alopius_vulpinus large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed
subtype: carpet_shark__Orectolobus_barbatus shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin
subtype: nurse_shark__Ginglymostoma_cirratum small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia
subtype: sand_tiger__sand_shark__Carcharias_taurus__Odontaspis_taurus shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers
subtype: whale_shark__whaleshark__Rhincodon_typus large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton
subtype: cat_shark__catshark small bottom-dwelling sharks with catlike eyes; found along continental slopes
subtype: requiem_shark__requiemshark any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species
subtype: bull_shark__cub_shark__cubshark__Carcharhinus_leucas a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous
subtype: sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_plumbeus most common gray shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen
subtype: blacktip_shark__sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_limbatus widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink
subtype: oceanic_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__white-tipped_shark__Carcharinus_longimanus large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark
subtype: dusky_shark__duskyshark__Carcharhinus_obscurus relatively slender blue-gray shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
subtype: lemon_shark__Negaprion_brevirostris common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous
subtype: great_blue_shark__blue_shark__Prionace_glauca slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters
subtype: tiger_shark__Galeocerdo_cuvieri large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body
subtype: soupfin_shark__soupfinshark__soupfin__Galeorhinus_zyopterus Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)
subtype: dogfish any of several small sharks
subtype: smooth_dogfish small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts
subtype: smoothhound_shark__smoothhoundshark__smoothhound__Mustelus_mustelus smooth dogfish of European coastal waters
subtype: American_smooth_dogfish__Mustelus_canis found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
subtype: Florida_smoothhound__Mustelus_norrisi found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: reef_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__Triaenodon_obseus smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins
subtype: spiny_dogfish__spinydogfish small bottom-dwelling dogfishes
subtype: Atlantic_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_acanthias destructive dogfish of American and European Atlantic coastal waters; widely used in anatomy classes
subtype: Pacific_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_suckleyi dogfish of Pacific coast of North America
subtype: hammerhead_shark__hammerhead medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous
subtype: smooth_hammerhead__Sphyrna_zygaena fished for the hides and vitamin-rich liver
subtype: smalleye_hammerhead__Sphyrna_tudes fished for the hide and vitamin-rich liver
subtype: shovelhead__bonnethead__bonnet_shark__Sphyrna_tiburo small harmless hammerhead having a spade-shaped head; abundant in bays and estuaries
subtype: angel_shark__angelshark__angelfish__Squatina_squatina__monkfish sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do
subtype: ray cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins
subtype: electric_ray__crampfish__numbfish__torpedo any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
subtype: sawfish primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout
subtype: smalltooth_sawfish__Pristis_pectinatus commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
subtype: guitarfish primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body
subtype: stingray large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds
subtype: roughtail_stingray__roughtailstingray__Dasyatis_centroura one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
subtype: butterfly_ray__butterflyray short-tailed broad-finned stingray
subtype: eagle_ray__eagleray powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays
subtype: spotted_eagle_ray__spottedeagleray__spotted_ray__spottedray__Aetobatus_narinari ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: cownose_ray__cownoseray__cow-nosed_ray__cownosedray__Rhinoptera_bonasus large ray found along eastern coast of North America
subtype: manta_ray__mantaray__manta__devilfish extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
subtype: Atlantic_manta__Manta_birostris largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
subtype: devil_ray__devilray__Mobula_hypostoma small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
subtype: skate large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins
subtype: gray_skate__Raja_batis common European skate used as food
subtype: little_skate__Raja_erinacea most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
subtype: thorny_skate__Raja_radiata cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
subtype: barndoor_skate__Raja_laevis one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook
subtype: game_fish any fish providing sport for the angler
subtype: food_fish any fish used for food by human beings
subtype: groundfish__bottom_fish fish that live on the sea bottom especially commercially important gadoid fishes like cod and haddock or flatfish like flounder
subtype: shad herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn
subtype: common_American_shad__Alosa_sapidissima shad of Atlantic coast of North America; naturalized to Pacific coast
subtype: river_shad__rivershad__alosachrysoclori shad that spawns in streams of the Mississippi drainage; very similar to Alosa sapidissima
subtype: allice_shad__allis_shad__allisshad__allice__allis__alli__Alosa_alosa European shad
subtype: Clupea_harangus__herring commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: Atlantic_herring__Clupea_harengus_harengus important food fish; found in enormous shoals in North Atlantic
subtype: Pacific_herring__Clupea_harengus_pallasii important food fish of the north Pacific
subtype: sardine any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned
subtype: sild any of various young herrings (other than brislings) canned as sardines in Norway
subtype: Clupea_sprattus__brisling__sprat small herring processed like a sardine
subtype: salmon any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
subtype: blackfish female salmon that has recently spawned
subtype: redfish male salmon that has recently spawned
subtype: Salmo_salar__Atlantic_salmon found in northern coastal Atlantic waters or tributaries; adults do not die after spawning
subtype: landlocked_salmon__lake_salmon Atlantic salmon confined to lakes of New England and southeastern Canada
subtype: blueback_salmon__sockeye__sockeyesalmon__redsalmon__Onchorynchus_nerka small salmon with red flesh; found in rivers and tributaries of the north Pacific and valued as food; adults die after spawning
subtype: quinnat_salmon__quinnatsalmon__chinook__chinooksalmon__king_salmon__Onchorynchus_tshawtscha large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning
subtype: blue_jack__coho__cohoe__coho_salmon__silver_salmon__Onchorynchus_kisutch small salmon of north Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes
subtype: trout any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons
subtype: brown_trout__browntrout__salmon_trout__Salmo_trutta speckled trout of European rivers; introduced in North America
subtype: sea_trout__seatrout silvery marine variety of brown trout that migrates to fresh water to spawn
subtype: Salmo_gairdneri__rainbow_trout__rainbowtrout found in Pacific coastal waters and streams from lower California to Alaska
subtype: Salvelinus_namaycush__lake_trout__salmon_trout large fork-tailed trout of lakes of Canada and the northern United States
subtype: Salvelinus_fontinalis__brook_trout__speckled_trout North American freshwater trout; introduced in Europe
subtype: whitefish silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere
subtype: lake_whitefish__Coregonus_clupeaformis found in Great Lakes and north to Alaska
subtype: Coregonus_artedi__cisco__lake_herring important food fish of cold deep lakes of North America
subtype: round_whitefish__Menominee_whitefish__Prosopium_cylindraceum bronze-backed whitefish of northern North America and Siberia
subtype: Rocky_Mountain_whitefish__Prosopium_williamsonii whitefish of the western United States and Canada
subtype: sea_bass any of various food and sport fishes of the United States Atlantic coast having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
subtype: blackmouth_bass__Synagrops_bellus small marine fish with black mouth and gill cavity
subtype: rock_sea_bass__rock_bass__Centropristis_philadelphica a kind of sea bass
subtype: black_sea_bass__black_bass__Centropistes_striata bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States
subtype: Roccus_saxatilis__striped_bass__striper__rockfish marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone
subtype: stone_bass__wreckfish__Polyprion_americanus brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks
subtype: belted_sandfish__Serranus_subligarius found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic
subtype: grouper usually solitary bottom sea basses of warm seas
subtype: Epinephelus_fulvus__coney black-spotted usually dusky-colored fish with reddish fins
subtype: hind.grouper any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers
subtype: rock_hind__Epinephelus_adscensionis found around rocky coasts or on reefs
subtype: creole-fish__Paranthias_furcifer deep-sea fish of tropical Atlantic
subtype: jewfish__mycteropercabonaci large dark grouper with a thick head and rough scales
subtype: snapper any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
subtype: Lutjanus_blackfordi__red_snapper esteemed food fish with pinkish red head and body; common in American Atlantic coastal waters and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: gray_snapper__mangrove_snapper__Lutjanus_griseus found in shallow waters off the coast of Florida
subtype: mutton_snapper__muttonfish__Lutjanus_analis similar to and often marketed as "red snapper"
subtype: Lutjanus_apodus__schoolmaster food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters
subtype: yellowtail_snapper__yellowtail__Ocyurus_chrysurus superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail
subtype: tuna__tunny any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters
subtype: long-fin_tunny__albacore__Thunnus_alalunga large pelagic tuna the source of most canned tuna; reaches 93 pounds and has long pectoral fins; found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
subtype: horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__bluefin__bluefin_tuna__bluefintuna__Thunnus_thynnus largest tuna; to 1500 pounds; of mostly temperate seas: feed in polar regions but breed in tropics
subtype: yellowfin_tuna__yellowfintuna__yellowfin__Thunnus_albacares may reach 400 pounds; worldwide in tropics
subtype: sole.flatfish right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
subtype: European_sole__Solea_solea highly valued as food
subtype: Solea_lascaris__lemon_sole__lemonsole small European sole
subtype: Parophrys_vitulus__English_sole__lemon_sole__lemonsole popular pale brown food flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: sand_sole__Psettichthys_melanostichus common flatfish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: hogchoker__Trinectes_maculatus useless as food; in coastal streams from Maine to Texas and Panama
subtype: rough_fish__roughfish any fish useless for food or sport or even as bait
subtype: mouthbreeder any of various fishes that carry their eggs and their young in their mouths
subtype: spawner a female fish at spawning time
subtype: bony_fish any fish of the class Osteichthyes
subtype: crossopterygian__lobefin__lobe-finned_fish any fish of the order Crossopterygii; most known only in fossil form
subtype: coelacanth__Latimeria_chalumnae fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous Period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa
subtype: lungfish air-breathing fish having an elongated body and fleshy paired fins; certain species construct mucus-lined mud coverings in which to survive drought
subtype: ceratodus extinct lungfish
subtype: barramunda__barramundi__Neoceratodus_forsteri large edible Australian lungfish having paddle-shaped fins
subtype: teleost_fish__teleostfish__teleost__teleostan a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei
subtype: soft-finned_fish__malacopterygian any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii
subtype: order_Ostariophysi__Ostariophysi in some classifications considered a superorder comprising the Cypriniformes and the Siluriformes
subtype: cypriniform_fish__cypriniformfish a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes
subtype: loach slender freshwater fishes of Eurasia and Africa resembling catfishes
subtype: cyprinid_fish__cyprinid soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales
subtype: carp any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae
subtype: domestic_carp__Cyprinus_carpio large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest
subtype: leather_carp__leathercarp scaleless domestic carp
subtype: mirror_carp domestic carp with some large large shining scales
subtype: tench__Tinca_tinca freshwater dace-like game fish of Europe and western Asia noted for ability to survive outside water
subtype: dace__Leuciscus_leuciscus small European freshwater fish with a slender bluish-green body
subtype: chub__Leuciscus_cephalus European freshwater game fish with a thick spindle-shaped body
subtype: shiner any of numerous small silvery North American cyprinid fishes especially of the genus Notropis
subtype: emerald_shiner__emeraldshiner__Notropis_atherinoides small blunt-nosed fish of Great Lakes and Mississippi valley with a greenish luster
subtype: common_shiner__silversides__Notropis_cornutus the common North American shiner
subtype: golden_shiner__Notemigonus_crysoleucas shiner of eastern North America having golden glints; sometimes also called `bream'
subtype: Rutilus_rutilus__roach European freshwater food fish having a greenish back
subtype: rudd__Scardinius_erythrophthalmus European freshwater fish resembling the roach
subtype: minnow__Phoxinus_phoxinus very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams
subtype: gudgeon__gobiogobio small slender European freshwater fish often used as bait by anglers
subtype: goldfish__Carassius_auratus small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes
subtype: silverfish a silvery variety of Carassius auratus
subtype: crucian_carp__cruciancarp__Carassius_carassius__Carassius_vulgaris European carp closely resembling wild goldfish
subtype: electric_eel__Electrophorus_electric eel-shaped freshwater fish of South America having electric organs in its body
subtype: catostomid a cypriniform fish of the family Catostomidae
subtype: sucker mostly North American freshwater fishes with a thick-lipped mouth for feeding by suction; related to carps
subtype: buffalo_fish__buffalofish__buffalofish any of several large suckers of the Mississippi valley
subtype: black_buffalo__blackbuffalo__Ictiobus_niger fish of the lower Mississippi
subtype: hog_sucker__hogsucker__hog_molly__hogmolly__Hypentelium_nigricans widely distributed in warm clear shallow streams
subtype: redhorse_sucker__redhorse North American sucker with reddish fins
subtype: cyprinodont any member of the family Cyprinodontidae
subtype: killifish small mostly marine warm-water carp-like schooling fishes; used as bait or aquarium fishes or in mosquito control
subtype: mummichog__Fundulus_heteroclitus silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the United States Atlantic coast
subtype: striped_killifish__stripedkillifish__mayfish__fundulusmajali black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of United States Atlantic and Gulf coasts
subtype: rivulus__rivulu found in small streams of tropical America; often kept in aquariums; usually hermaphroditic
subtype: American_flagfish__flagfish__Jordanella_floridae flagfish with a dark-blue back and whitish sides with red stripes; found in swamps and streams of Florida
subtype: swordtail__helleri__Xyphophorus_helleri freshwater fish of Central America having a long swordlike tail; popular aquarium fish
subtype: guppy__rainbow_fish__rainbowfish__Lebistes_reticulatus small freshwater fish of South America and West Indies; often kept in aquariums
subtype: topminnow__poeciliid_fish__poeciliidfish__poeciliid__live-bearer small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control
subtype: mosquitofish__Gambusia_affinis silvery topminnow with rows of black spots of tropical North America and West Indies; important in mosquito control
subtype: platy__Platypoecilus_maculatus small stocky Mexican fish; popular aquarium fish
subtype: mollie__molly popular aquarium fish
subtype: characin_fish__characin__characid any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae
subtype: tetra brightly colored tropical freshwater fishes
subtype: cardinal_tetra__Paracheirodon_axelrodi small bright red and blue aquarium fish from streams in Brazil and Columbia
subtype: piranha__pirana__caribe small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals
subtype: siluriform_fish__catfish any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth
subtype: silurid_fish__siluridfish__silurid Old World freshwater catfishes having naked skin and a long anal fin more or less merged with the eellike caudal fin
subtype: European_catfish__sheatfish__Silurus_glanis large elongated catfish of central and eastern Europe
subtype: electric_catfish__Malopterurus_electricus freshwater catfish of the Nile and tropical central Africa having an electric organ
subtype: bullhead any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States
subtype: horned_pout__hornpout__pout__Ameiurus_Melas catfish common in eastern United States
subtype: brown_bullhead__brownbullhead freshwater catfish of eastern United States
subtype: channel_catfish__channel_cat__Ictalurus_punctatus freshwater food fish common throughout central United States
subtype: blue_catfish__blue_cat__blue_channel_catfish__blue_channel_cat a large catfish of the Mississippi valley
subtype: flathead_catfish__mudcat__goujon__shovelnose_catfish__spoonbill_catfish__spoonbillcatfish__Pylodictus_olivaris large catfish of central United States having a flattened head and projecting jaw
subtype: armored_catfish South American catfish having the body covered with bony plates
subtype: sea_catfish any of numerous marine fishes most of which are mouthbreeders; not used for food
subtype: crucifix_fish catfish of the Caribbean area
subtype: gadoid_fish__gadoid a soft-finned fish of the family Gadidae
subtype: cod__codfish major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters
subtype: codling young codfish
subtype: Atlantic_cod__Gadus_morhua one of the world's most important commercial fishes
subtype: Pacific_cod__Alaska_cod__Gadus_macrocephalus closely related to Atlantic cod
subtype: burbot__eelpout__ling__cusk__Lota_lota elongate freshwater cod of northern Europe and Asia and North America having barbels around its mouth
subtype: scrod__schrod young Atlantic cod or haddock especially one split and boned for cooking
subtype: Merlangus_merlangus__whiting__Gadus_merlangus a food fish of European Atlantic waters resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus
subtype: Melanogrammus_aeglefinus__haddock important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic; related to cod but usually smaller
subtype: Pollachius_pollachius__pollack important food and game fish of northern seas especially North Atlantic; related to cod
subtype: hake any of several marine food fishes related to cod
subtype: silver_hake__Merluccius_bilinearis__whiting found off Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: ling American hakes
subtype: Molva_molva__ling elongated marine food fish of Greenland and northern Europe; often salted and dried
subtype: torsk__Brosme_brosme large edible marine fish of northern coastal waters; related to cod
subtype: rattail__grenadier__rattail_fish__rattailfish deep-sea fish with a large head and body and long tapering tail
subtype: eel voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins
subtype: elver young eel
subtype: common_eel__freshwater_eel eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to sea to spawn; found in Europe and America; marketed both fresh and smoked
subtype: Anguilla_sucklandii__tuna New Zealand eel
subtype: moray_eel__morayeel__moray family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked
subtype: conger_eel__conger large somber-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food
subtype: beaked_salmon__sandfish__Gonorhynchus_gonorhynchus fish of sandy areas of western Pacific and Indian oceans having an angular snout for burrowing into sand
subtype: clupeid_fish__clupeidfish__clupeid any of numerous soft-finned schooling food fishes of shallow waters of northern seas
subtype: shad herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn
subtype: Alosa_pseudoharengus__alewife__Pomolobus_pseudoharengus shad-like food fish that runs rivers to spawn; often salted or smoked; sometimes placed in genus Pomolobus
subtype: menhaden__Brevoortia_tyrannis shad-like North American marine fishes used for fish meal and oil and fertilizer
subtype: Clupea_harangus__herring commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: sardine any of various small edible herring or related food fishes frequently canned
subtype: Sardina_pilchardus__pilchard__sardine small fishes found in great schools along coasts of Europe; smaller and rounder than herring
subtype: Pacific_sardine__Sardinops_caerulea small pilchards common off the pacific coast of North America
subtype: anchovy small herring-like plankton-feeding fishes often canned whole or as paste; abundant in tropical waters worldwide
subtype: mediterranean_anchovy__mediterraneananchovy__Engraulis_encrasicholus esteemed for its flavor; usually preserved or used for sauces and relishes
subtype: salmonid soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters
subtype: salmon any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
subtype: trout any of various game and food fishes of cool fresh waters mostly smaller than typical salmons
subtype: char any of several small-scaled trout
subtype: Arctic_char__Salvelinus_alpinus small trout of northern waters; landlocked populations in Quebec and northern New England
subtype: whitefish silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere
subtype: smelt small trout-like silvery marine or freshwater food fishes of cold northern waters
subtype: rainbow_smelt__rainbowsmelt__Osmerus_mordax important marine and landlocked food fish of eastern North America and Alaska
subtype: Osmerus_eperlanus__sparling__European_smelt the common smelt of Europe
subtype: capelin__capelan__caplin very small northern fish; forage for sea birds and marine mammals and other fishes
subtype: tarpon__Tarpon_atlanticus large silvery game fish of warm Atlantic coastal waters especially off Florida
subtype: ladyfish__tenpounder__Elops_saurus game fish resembling the tarpon but smaller
subtype: bonefish__Albula_vulpes slender silvery marine fish found in tropical mud flats and mangrove lagoons
subtype: argentine any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes
subtype: lanternfish small fish having rows of luminous organs along each side; some surface at night
subtype: lizardfish__snakefish tropical fishes with large mouths in lizard-like heads; found worldwide
subtype: greeneye bottom-livers having large eyes with metallic green luster
subtype: lancetfish__lancet_fish__wolffish large elongate scaleless oceanic fishes with sharp teeth and a long sail-like dorsal fin
subtype: handsaw_fish__handsawfish a soft-finned fish of the genus Alepisaurus
subtype: opah__moonfish__Lampris_regius large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean
subtype: New_World_opah__Lampris_guttatus from Nova Scotia to West Indies and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: ribbonfish marine fish having a long compressed ribbon-like body
subtype: dealfish__Trachipterus_arcticus deep-sea ribbonfish
subtype: oarfish__king_of_the_herring__ribbonfish__Regalecus_glesne thin deep-water tropical fish 20 to 30 feet long having a red dorsal fin
subtype: cornetfish slender tropical fish with a long tubular snout and bony plates instead of scales
subtype: pipefish__needlefish fish with long tubular snout and slim body covered with bony plates
subtype: dwarf_pipefish__dwarfpipefish__Syngnathus_hildebrandi small (4 inches) fish found off Florida gulf coast
subtype: deepwater_pipefish__deepwaterpipefish__Cosmocampus_profundus 8 inches; from eastern Florida to western Caribbean
subtype: seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse small fish with horselike heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position
subtype: snipefish__bellows_fish__bellowsfish small bottom-dwelling fish of warm seas having a compressed body and a long snout with a toothless mouth
subtype: shrimpfish slender tropical shallow-water East Indian fish covered with transparent plates
subtype: trumpetfish__aulostomusmaculatu tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout; swims snout down
subtype: needlefish__gar__billfish elongate European surface-dwelling predacious fishes with long toothed jaws; abundant in coastal waters
subtype: timucu found in warm waters of western Atlantic
subtype: flying_fish tropical marine fishes having enlarged winglike fins used for brief gliding flight
subtype: monoplane_flying_fish__two-wing_flying_fish having only pectoral fins enlarged
subtype: biplane_flying_fish__four-wing_flying_fish having both pectoral and pelvic fins enlarged
subtype: halfbeak tropical and subtropical marine and freshwater fishes having an elongated body and long protruding lower jaw
subtype: saury__billfish__Scomberesox_saurus slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters
subtype: spiny-finned_fish__acanthopterygian a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays
subtype: squirrelfish very small brightly colored (especially red) nocturnal fishes of shallow waters of tropical reefs; they make sounds like a squirrel's bark
subtype: reef_squirrelfish__Holocentrus_coruscus on reefs from Bermuda and Florida to northern South America
subtype: deepwater_squirrelfish__deepwatersquirrelfish__Holocentrus_bullisi a squirrelfish found from South Carolina to Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: Holocentrus_ascensionis bright red fish of West Indies and Bermuda
subtype: soldierfish the larger squirrelfishes
subtype: anomalops__anomalop__flashlight_fish fish having a luminous organ beneath eye; of warm waters of the western Pacific and Puerto Rico
subtype: flashlight_fish__Photoblepharon_palpebratus fish of deep dark waters having a light organ below each eye
subtype: dory marine fishes widely distributed in mid-waters and deep slope waters
subtype: John_dory__Zeus_faber European dory
subtype: Capros_aper__boarfish fish with a projecting snout
subtype: boarfish fish with large eyes and long snouts
subtype: stickleback__prickleback small (2-4 inches) pugnacious mostly scaleless spiny-backed fishes of northern fresh and littoral waters having elaborate courtship; subjects of much research
subtype: three-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_aculeatus of rivers and coastal regions
subtype: ten-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_pungitius confined to rivers
subtype: batfish bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins
subtype: goosefish__angler__anglerfish__angler_fish__monkfish__lotte__allmouth__Lophius_Americanus fishes having large mouths with a wormlike filament attached for luring prey
subtype: toadfish__Opsanus_tau bottom-dwelling fish having scaleless slimy skin and a broad thick head with a wide mouth
subtype: oyster_fish__oysterfish a variety of toadfish
subtype: frogfish fish having a frog-like mouth with a lure on the snout
subtype: sargassum_fish__sargassumfish small fantastically formed and colored fishes found among masses of sargassum
subtype: percoid_fish__percoidfish__percoid__percoidean any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes
subtype: perch.percoid_fish any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes
subtype: perch_flesh__perch spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes
subtype: yellow_perch__Perca_flavescens North American perch
subtype: European_perch__Perca_fluviatilis a perch native to Europe
subtype: pikeperch__pike_perch any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family
subtype: walleyed_pike__walleye__jack_salmon__Stizostedion_vitreum pike-like freshwater perches
subtype: blue_pike__blue_pickerel__blue_pikeperch__blue_walleye__Strizostedion_vitreum_glaucum variety inhabiting the Great Lakes
subtype: snail_darter__snaildarter__Percina_tanasi 3-inch snail-eating perch of the Tennessee River
subtype: sandfish either of two small silvery scaleless fishes of the north Pacific that burrow into sand
subtype: cusk-eel elongate compressed somewhat eel-shaped fishes
subtype: brotula deep-sea fishes
subtype: pearlfish found living within the alimentary canals of e.g. sea cucumbers or between the shells of pearl oysters in or near shallow seagrass beds
subtype: robolo a kind of percoid fish
subtype: snook large tropical American food and game fishes of coastal and brackish waters; resemble pike
subtype: pike any of several elongate long-snouted freshwater game and food fishes widely distributed in cooler parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: northern_pike__Esox_lucius voracious piscivorous pike of waters of northern hemisphere
subtype: Esox_masquinongy__muskellunge large (60 to 80 pounds) sport fish of North America
subtype: pickerel any of several North American species of small pike
subtype: chain_pickerel__chainpickerel__chain_pike__chainpike__Esox_niger common in quiet waters of eastern United States
subtype: redfin_pickerel__barred_pickerel__Esox_americanus small but gamy pickerel of Atlantic coastal states
subtype: centrarchid__sunfish small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed
subtype: crappie small sunfishes of central United States rivers
subtype: black_crappie__blackcrappie__Pomoxis_nigromaculatus a crappie that is black
subtype: white_crappie__whitecrappie__Pomoxis_annularis a crappie that is white
subtype: freshwater_bream__bream any of various usually edible freshwater percoid fishes having compressed bodies and shiny scales; especially (but not exclusively) of the genus Lepomis
subtype: European_bream__Abramis_brama European freshwater fish having a flattened body and silvery scales; of little value as food
subtype: bluegill__Lepomis_macrochirus important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States
subtype: spotted_sunfish__spottedsunfish__stumpknocker__Lepomis_punctatus inhabits streams from South Carolina to Florida; esteemed panfish
subtype: pumpkinseed__Lepomis_gibbosus small brilliantly colored North American sunfish
subtype: rock_bass__rock_sunfish__Ambloplites_rupestris game and food fish of upper Mississippi and Great Lakes
subtype: black_bass widely distributed and highly prized American freshwater game fishes (sunfish family)
subtype: Kentucky_black_bass__spotted_black_bass__Micropterus_pseudoplites a variety of black bass
subtype: smallmouth_black_bass__smallmouth__smallmouth_bass__smallmouthed_bass__smallmouthed_black_bass__Micropterus_dolomieu a variety of black bass; the angle of the jaw falls below the eye
subtype: largemouth_black_bass__largemouth__largemouth_bass__largemouthed_bass__largemouthed_black_bass__Micropterus_salmoides a large black bass; the angle of the jaw falls behind the eye
subtype: bass.percoid_fish__bas nontechnical name for any of numerous edible marine and freshwater spiny-finned fishes
subtype: freshwater_bass North American food and game fish
subtype: serranid_fish__serranid marine food sport fishes mainly of warm coastal waters
subtype: white_perch__whiteperch__silver_perch__Morone_americana small silvery food and game fish of eastern United States streams
subtype: yellow_bass__Morone_interrupta North American freshwater bass resembling the larger marine striped bass
subtype: sea_bass any of various food and sport fishes of the United States Atlantic coast having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
subtype: soapfish fishes with slimy mucus-covered skin; found in warm American Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: surfperch__surffish__surf_fish small to medium-sized shallow-water fishes of the North American Pacific coast
subtype: rainbow_seaperch__rainbowseaperch__rainbow_perch__rainbowperch__Hipsurus_caryi Pacific coast fish
subtype: bigeye red fishes of American coastal tropical waters having very large eyes and rough scales
subtype: catalufa__Priacanthus_arenatus brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters
subtype: cardinalfish small red fishes of coral reefs and inshore tropical waters
subtype: flamefish__Apogon_maculatus found in tropical Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: conchfish__astropogonstellatu found in West Indies; lives in mantle cavity of a living conch
subtype: tilefish__Lopholatilus_chamaeleonticeps yellow-spotted violet food fish of warm deep waters
subtype: Pomatomus_saltatrix__bluefish bluish warm-water marine food and game fish that follow schools of small fishes into shallow waters
subtype: cobia__Rachycentron_canadum__sergeant_fish large dark-striped tropical food and game fish related to remoras; found worldwide in coastal to open waters
subtype: carangid_fish__carangid a percoid fish of the family Carangidae
subtype: jack any of several fast-swimming predacious fishes of tropical to warm-temperate seas
subtype: crevalle_jack__jack_crevalle__Caranx_hippos fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: Caranx_bartholomaei__yellow_jack fish of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: blue_runner__runner__Caranx_crysos fish of western Atlantic: Cape Cod to Brazil
subtype: rainbow_runner__rainbowrunner__Elagatis_bipinnulata streamlined cigar-shaped jack; good game fish
subtype: leatherjack__leatherjacket any of several New World tropical fishes having tiny embedded scales
subtype: threadfish__Alectis_ciliaris fish having greatly elongated front rays on dorsal and anal fins
subtype: amberjack__amberfish any of several amber to coppery fork-tailed warm-water carangid fishes
subtype: yellowtail__Seriola_dorsalis game fish of S California and Mexico having a yellow tail fin
subtype: banded_rudderfish__rudderfish__Seriola_zonata fish having the habit of following ships; found in North and South American coastal waters
subtype: Seriola_grandis__kingfish large game fish of Australia and New Zealand
subtype: Atlantic_moonfish__moonfish__horsefish__horsehead__dollarfish__Selene_setapinnis any of several silvery marine fishes with very flat bodies
subtype: lookdown_fish__lookdown__Selene_vomer similar to moonfish but with eyes high on the truncated forehead
subtype: pompano any of several deep-bodied food fishes of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: Florida_pompano__Trachinotus_carolinus found in coastal waters New England to Brazil except clear waters of West Indies
subtype: Trachinotus_falcatus__permit large game fish; found in waters of the West Indies
subtype: pilotfish__Naucrates_ductor small pelagic fish often accompanying sharks or mantas
subtype: scad any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae
subtype: jack_mackerel__horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__Spanish_mackerel__saurel__Trachurus_symmetricus a California food fish
subtype: saurel__horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__Trachurus_trachurus large elongated compressed food fish of European Atlantic waters
subtype: bigeye_scad__big-eyed_scad__goggle-eye__Selar_crumenophthalmus of Atlantic coastal waters; commonly used for bait
subtype: mackerel_scad__mackerel_shad__Decapterus_macarellus small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil
subtype: round_scad__roundscad__cigarfish__quiaquia__Decapterus_punctatus small fusiform fish of western Atlantic
subtype: mahimahi__dolphinfish__dolphin large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)
subtype: Coryphaena_hippurus the more common dolphinfish valued as food; about six feet long
subtype: Coryphaena_equisetis a kind of dolphinfish
subtype: blanquillo__tilefish important marine food fishes
subtype: cichlid_fish__cichlidfish__cichlid freshwater fishes of tropical America and Africa and Asia similar to American sunfishes; some are food fishes; many small ones are popular in aquariums
subtype: bolti__Tilapia_nilotica important food fish of the Nile and other rivers of Africa and Asia Minor
subtype: snapper any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
subtype: grunt medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught
subtype: margate__Haemulon_album red-mouthed grunt found from Florida to Brazil
subtype: Spanish_grunt__Haemulon_macrostomum a kind of grunt
subtype: tomtate__Haemulon_aurolineatum found off the West Indies and Florida
subtype: cottonwick__Haemulon_malanurum of warm Atlantic waters
subtype: sailor's-choice__sailors_choice__sailorschoice__Haemulon_parra found from Florida to Brazil and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: porkfish__Anisotremus_virginicus black and gold grunt found from Bermuda to Caribbean to Brazil
subtype: black_margate__blackmargate__pompon__Anisotremus_surinamensis dusky gray food fish found from Louisiana and Florida southward
subtype: pigfish__hogfish__Orthopristis_chrysopterus found from Long Island southward
subtype: sparid_fish__sparid spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth
subtype: sheepshead__Archosargus_probatocephalus large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico
subtype: pinfish__sailor's-choice__squirrelfish__Lagodon_rhomboides similar to sea bream; small spiny-finned fish found in bays along the southeastern coast of the United States
subtype: Chrysophrys_auratus__snapper Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots
subtype: sea_bream__seabream__bream any of numerous marine percoid fishes especially (but not exclusively) of the family Sparidae
subtype: pomfret__Brama_raii deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of North Atlantic and North Pacific; valued for food
subtype: porgy important deep-bodied food and sport fish of warm and tropical coastal waters; found worldwide
subtype: red_porgy__redporgy__Pagrus_pagrus food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America
subtype: sheepshead_porgy__Calamus_penna from Florida and Bahamas to Brazil
subtype: northern_scup__scup__northern_porgy__Stenotomus_chrysops found in Atlantic coastal waters of North America from South Carolina to Maine; esteemed as a panfish
subtype: southern_scup__scup__southern_porgy__Stenotomus_aculeatus porgy of southern Atlantic coastal waters of North America
subtype: European_sea_bream__Pagellus_centrodontus food fish of European coastal waters
subtype: Atlantic_sea_bream__Archosargus_rhomboidalis sea bream of warm Atlantic waters
subtype: black_bream__blackbream__Chrysophrys_australis important dark-colored edible food and game fish of Australia
subtype: sciaenid_fish__sciaenid widely distributed family of carnivorous percoid fishes having a large air bladder used to produce sound
subtype: drumfish__drum small to medium-sized bottom-dwelling food and game fishes of shallow coastal and fresh waters that make a drumming noise
subtype: striped_drum__stripeddrum__Equetus_pulcher a kind of drumfish
subtype: jackknife-fish__jackknifefish__Equetus_lanceolatus black-and-white drumfish with an erect elongated dorsal fin
subtype: silver_perch__mademoiselle__Bairdiella_chrysoura small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico
subtype: red_drum__reddrum__channel_bass__redfish__Sciaenops_ocellatus large edible fish found off coast of United States from Massachusetts to Mexico
subtype: mulloway__jewfish__sciaenaantarctica large important food fish of Australia; almost indistinguishable from the maigre
subtype: maigre__maiger__Sciaena_aquila large European marine food fish
subtype: croaker any of several fishes that make a croaking noise
subtype: Atlantic_croaker__Micropogonias_undulatus silvery-bodied with dark markings and tiny barbels
subtype: yellowfin_croaker__yellowfincroaker__surffish__surf_fish__Umbrina_roncador fish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: chenfish__white_croaker__whitecroaker__kingfish__Genyonemus_lineatus small silvery marine food fish found off California
subtype: white_croaker__whitecroaker__queenfish__Seriphus_politus silvery and bluish drumfish of shallow California coastal waters
subtype: whiting any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
subtype: kingfish any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast
subtype: king_whiting__Menticirrhus_americanus whiting of the southeastern coast of North America
subtype: northern_whiting__Menticirrhus_saxatilis whiting of the east coast of United States; closely resembles king whiting
subtype: corbina__menticirrhusundulatu bluish-gray whiting of California coast
subtype: silver_whiting__Menticirrhus_littoralis a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States
subtype: sea_trout.sciaenid_fish__seatrout any of several sciaenid fishes of North American coastal waters
subtype: Cynoscion_regalis__weakfish food and game fish of North American coastal waters with a mouth from which hooks easily tear out
subtype: spotted_weakfish__spottedweakfish__spotted_sea_trout__spottedseatrout__spotted_squeateague__spottedsqueateague__Cynoscion_nebulosus weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
subtype: mullet bottom-dwelling marine warm-water fishes with two barbels on the chin
subtype: goatfish__red_mullet__redmullet__surmullet__Mullus_surmuletus brightly colored tropical fishes with chin barbels
subtype: red_goatfish__redgoatfish__mullusauratu body bright scarlet with 2 yellow to reddish strips on side
subtype: yellow_goatfish__Mulloidichthys_martinicus schooling goatfish; grayish with yellow stripe
subtype: gray_mullet__mullet freshwater or coastal food fishes a spindle-shaped body; found worldwide
subtype: striped_mullet__stripedmullet__Mugil_cephalus most important commercial mullet in eastern United States
subtype: white_mullet__whitemullet__mugilcurema silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts
subtype: Mugil_liza__liza similar to the striped mullet and takes its place in the Caribbean region
subtype: sea_chub__seachub schooling fishes mostly of Indian and western Pacific oceans; two species in western Atlantic
subtype: Bermuda_chub__rudderfish__Kyphosus_sectatrix food and game fish around Bermuda and Florida; often follow ships
subtype: spadefish__angelfish__Chaetodipterus_faber deep-bodied disk-shaped food fish of warmer western Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: butterfly_fish__butterflyfish small usually brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes having narrow deep bodies with large broad fins; found worldwide
subtype: chaetodon any fish of the genus Chaetodon
subtype: angelfish a butterfly fish of the genus Pomacanthus
subtype: rock_beauty__Holocanthus_tricolor gold and black butterflyfish found from West Indies to Brazil
subtype: damselfish__demoiselle small brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes of coral reefs
subtype: beaugregory__Pomacentrus_leucostictus blue-and-yellow damselfish of Bermuda Florida and West Indies
subtype: anemone_fish__anemonefish live associated with sea anemones
subtype: clown_anemone_fish__clownanemonefish__Amphiprion_percula an anemone fish of the genus Amphiprion
subtype: Abudefduf_saxatilis__sergeant_major large blue-gray black-striped damselfish; nearly worldwide
subtype: wrasse chiefly tropical marine fishes with fleshy lips and powerful teeth; usually brightly colored
subtype: giant_pigfish__giantpigfish__pigfish__Achoerodus_gouldii found around the Great Barrier Reef
subtype: hogfish__hog_snapper__hogsnapper__Lachnolaimus_maximus large wrasse of western Atlantic; head of male resembles a pig's snout
subtype: slippery_dick__Halicoeres_bivittatus small wrasse of tropical Atlantic
subtype: puddingwife__Halicoeres_radiatus bluish and bronze wrasse; found from Florida keys to Brazil
subtype: bluehead__Thalassoma_bifasciatum small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head
subtype: razorfish any of several small wrasses with compressed sharp-edged heads of the West Indies and Mediterranean
subtype: pearly_razorfish__Hemipteronatus_novacula a kind of razorfish
subtype: tautog__blackfish__Tautoga_onitis large dark-colored food fish of the Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: cunner__bergall__Tautogolabrus_adspersus common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States
subtype: parrotfish__pollyfish gaudy tropical fishes with parrotlike beaks formed by fusion of teeth
subtype: threadfin mullet-like tropical marine fishes having pectoral fins with long threadlike rays
subtype: barbu__polydactylusvirginicu found along western Atlantic coast
subtype: jawfish small large-mouthed tropical marine fishes common along sandy bottoms; males brood egg balls in their mouths; popular aquarium fishes
subtype: stargazer heavy-bodied marine bottom-lurkers with eyes on flattened top of the head
subtype: sand_stargazer small pallid fishes of shoal tropical waters of North and South America having eyes on stalks atop head; they burrow in sand to await prey
subtype: blennioid_fish__blennioidfish__blennioid elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins
subtype: combtooth_blenny__combtoothblenny__blenny small usually scaleless fishes with comb-like teeth living about rocky shores; territorial and hole-dwelling
subtype: shanny__Blennius_pholis European scaleless blenny
subtype: Molly_Miller__Scartella_cristata inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic
subtype: clinid_fish__clinid mostly small blennioid fishes of coral reefs and seagrass beds
subtype: pikeblenny tropical American fishes; males are aggressively defensive of their territory
subtype: bluethroat_pikeblenny__Chaenopsis_ocellata found from Florida to Cuba
subtype: gunnel__bracketed_blenny__bracketedblenny small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the North Atlantic
subtype: rock_gunnel__butterfish__Pholis_gunnellus slippery scaleless food fish of North Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: prickleback small elongate fishes of shallow northern seas; a long dorsal fin consists entirely of spines
subtype: snakeblenny__Lumpenus_lumpretaeformis found in Arctic and North Atlantic
subtype: eelblenny eellike fishes found in subarctic coastal waters
subtype: wrymouth__ghostfish__Cryptacanthodes_maculatus eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth
subtype: wolffish__wolf_fish__catfish large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and no pelvic fins
subtype: eelpout__pout marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas
subtype: viviparous_eelpout__Zoarces_viviparus an eelpout of northern Europe that is viviparous
subtype: fish_doctor__Gymnelis_viridis brightly colored scaleless Arctic eelpout
subtype: ocean_pout__oceanpout__Macrozoarces_americanus common along northeastern coast of North America
subtype: goby__gudgeon small spiny-finned fish of coastal or brackish waters having a large head and elongated tapering body having the ventral fins modified as a sucker
subtype: mudskipper__mudspringer found in tropical coastal regions of Africa and Asia; able to move on land on strong pectoral fins
subtype: sleeper_goby__sleepergoby__sleeper tropical fish that resembles a goby and rests quietly on the bottom in shallow water
subtype: flathead pallid bottom-dwelling flat-headed fish with large eyes and a duck-like snout
subtype: archerfish__Toxotes_jaculatrix any of several small freshwater fishes that catch insects by squirting water at them and knocking them into the water; found in Indonesia and Australia
subtype: wormfish poorly known family of small tropical shallow-water fishes related to gobies
subtype: surgeonfish brightly colored coral-reef fish with knifelike spines at the tail
subtype: doctorfish__Acanthurus_chirurgus surgeon fish of the West Indies
subtype: gempylid snake mackerels; elongated marine fishes with oily flesh; resembles mackerels; found worldwide
subtype: snake_mackerel__snakemackerel__Gempylus_serpens predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth
subtype: escolar__Lepidocybium_flavobrunneum large snake mackerel with rings like spectacles around its eyes
subtype: oilfish__ruvettuspretiosu very large deep-water snake mackerel
subtype: cutlassfish__frost_fish__frostfish__hairtail long-bodied marine fishes having a long whiplike scaleless body and sharp teeth; closely related to snake mackerel
subtype: scombroid_fish__scombroidfish__scombroid important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters
subtype: mackerel any of various fishes of the family Scombridae
subtype: common_mackerel__shiner__Scomber_scombrus important food fish of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; its body is greenish-blue with dark bars and small if any scales
subtype: Scomber_colias__Spanish_mackerel medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
subtype: chub_mackerel__tinker__Scomber_japonicus small mackerel found nearly worldwide
subtype: Acanthocybium_solandri__wahoo large fast-moving predacious food and game fish; found worldwide
subtype: Spanish_mackerel any of several large marine food fishes of the genus Scomberomorus
subtype: king_mackerel__cavalla__cero__Scomberomorus_cavalla large mackerel with long pointed snout; important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast south to Brazil
subtype: Scomberomorus_maculatus large commercially important mackerel of American Atlantic coastal waters
subtype: cero__pintado__kingfish__Scomberomorus_regalis large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters
subtype: Scomberomorus_sierra__sierra a Spanish mackerel of western North America
subtype: tuna__tunny any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters
subtype: bonito any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas
subtype: skipjack__Atlantic_bonito__Sarda_sarda medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna
subtype: Chile_bonito__Chilean_bonito__Sarda_chiliensis common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well
subtype: Pacific_bonito__Sarda_lineolata__sardalineolata probably a northern strain of Chile bonito
subtype: skipjack_tuna__skipjack__Euthynnus_pelamis oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic; reaches 75 pounds; very similar to if not the same as oceanic bonito
subtype: oceanic_bonito__oceanicbonito__bonito__Katsuwonus_pelamis fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna
subtype: Xiphias_gladius__swordfish large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night
subtype: sailfish large pelagic game fish having an elongated upper jaw and long sail-like dorsal fin
subtype: Atlantic_sailfish__Istiophorus_albicans a kind of sailfish
subtype: billfish giant warm-water game fish having a prolonged and rounded toothless upper jaw
subtype: marlin__spearfish large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes
subtype: blue_marlin__Makaira_nigricans largest marlin; may reach 2000 pounds; found worldwide in warm seas
subtype: Makaira_mazara__black_marlin__blackmarlin Pacific marlin
subtype: black_marlin__blackmarlin__Makaira_marlina Pacific marlin
subtype: striped_marlin__stripedmarlin__Makaira_mitsukurii Pacific food and game fish marked with dark blue vertical stripes
subtype: white_marlin__whitemarlin__Makaira_albida small marlin (to 180 pounds) of western Atlantic
subtype: spearfish any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare
subtype: louvar__Luvarus_imperialis large silvery fish found worldwide in warm seas but nowhere common; resembles a whale and feeds on plankton
subtype: squaretail sluggish square-tailed fish armored with tough bony scales; of deep warm waters
subtype: stromateid_fish__butterfish__stromateid small marine fish with a short smooth-scaled compressed body and feeble spines
subtype: dollarfish__Poronotus_triacanthus small food fish of Atlantic coast
subtype: palometa__California_pompano__Palometa_simillima smaller than Florida pompano; common in West Indies
subtype: harvestfish__Paprilus_alepidotus butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina
subtype: driftfish small (6 inches) tropical butterfishes found worldwide
subtype: driftfish.stromateid_fish larger driftfishes of eastern Atlantic from the New York area to the northern Gulf of Mexico
subtype: barrelfish__black_rudderfish__blackrudderfish__Hyperglyphe_perciformis blackish fish of New England waters
subtype: clingfish very small (to 3 inches) flattened marine fish with a sucking disc on the abdomen for clinging to rocks etc.
subtype: skilletfish__gobiesoxstrumosu clingfish with typical skillet shape
subtype: tripletail large food fish of warm waters worldwide having long anal and dorsal fins that with caudal fin suggest a three-lobed tail
subtype: Atlantic_tripletail__Lobotes_surinamensis tripletail found from Cape Cod to northern South America
subtype: Pacific_tripletail__Lobotes_pacificus tripletail found in the Pacific
subtype: mojarra small silvery schooling fishes with protrusible mouths found in warm coastal waters
subtype: yellowfin_mojarra__yellowfinmojarra__Gerres_cinereus popular panfish from Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: silver_jenny__Eucinostomus_gula silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic
subtype: whiting.percoid_fish a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
subtype: remora__suckerfish__sucking_fish__suckingfish marine fishes with a flattened elongated body and a sucking disk on the head for attaching to large fish or moving objects
subtype: sharksucker__Echeneis_naucrates remoras found attached to sharks
subtype: whalesucker__Remilegia_australis large blue Pacific remora that attaches to whales and dolphins
subtype: silverside__silversides small fishes having a silver stripe along each side; found along the Atlantic coast of the United States
subtype: jacksmelt__Atherinopsis_californiensis large silversides of Pacific coast of North America
subtype: barracuda any voracious marine fish of the genus Sphyraena having an elongated cylindrical body and large mouth with projecting lower jaw and long strong teeth
subtype: great_barracuda__greatbarracuda__Sphyraena_barracuda large (up to 6 ft) grayish-brown barracuda highly regarded as a food and sport fish; may be dangerous to swimmers
subtype: sand_lance__sand_launce__sand_eel__launce very small silvery eellike schooling fishes that burrow into sandy beaches
subtype: dragonet small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm-temperate waters of Europe and America
subtype: scorpaenoid_fish__scorpaenoidfish__scorpaenoid fishes having the the head armored with bony plates
subtype: Ophiodon_elongatus__lingcod food fish of Northern Pacific waters related to greenlings
subtype: scorpaenid_fish__scorpaenid any of numerous carnivorous usually bottom-dwelling warm-water marine fishes found worldwide but most abundant in the Pacific
subtype: scorpionfish__scorpion_fish__sea_scorpion__seascorpion marine fishes having a tapering body with an armored head and venomous spines
subtype: plumed_scorpionfish__Scorpaena_grandicornis a kind of scorpionfish
subtype: lionfish brightly striped fish of the tropical Pacific having elongated spiny fins
subtype: stonefish__Synanceja_verrucosa venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock
subtype: rockfish marine food fish found among rocks along the northern coasts of Europe and America
subtype: copper_rockfish__Sebastodes_caurinus of North American Pacific coastal waters
subtype: vermillion_rockfish__rasher__Sebastodes_miniatus commercially important fish of the North American Pacific coast
subtype: Sebastodes_ruberrimus__red_rockfish__redrockfish large fish of North American Pacific coast
subtype: Sebastodes_marinus__rosefish__ocean_perch__oceanperch large fish of northern Atlantic coasts of America and Europe
subtype: sculpin any of numerous spiny large-headed broad-mouthed usually scaleless scorpaenoid fishes
subtype: bullhead.sculpin freshwater sculpin with a large flattened bony-plated head with hornlike spines
subtype: miller's-thumb small freshwater sculpin of Europe and North America
subtype: sea_raven__searaven__Hemitripterus_americanus large sculpin of western Atlantic; inflates itself when caught
subtype: grubby__Myxocephalus_aenaeus small sculpin of the coast of New England
subtype: lumpfish__Cyclopterus_lumpus clumsy soft thick-bodied North Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker; edible roe used for caviar
subtype: lumpsucker any of several very small lumpfishes
subtype: snailfish__seasnail__sea_snail__seasnail__Liparis_liparis small tadpole-shaped cold-water fishes with pelvic fins forming a sucker; related to lumpfish
subtype: sea_poacher__seapoacher__poacher__sea_poker__seapoker small slender fish (to 8 inches) with body covered by bony plates; chiefly of deeper north Pacific waters
subtype: pogge__armed_bullhead__armedbullhead__Agonus_cataphractus North Atlantic sea poacher
subtype: alligatorfish__Aspidophoroides_monopterygius small very elongate sea poachers
subtype: greenling food fish of the northern Pacific
subtype: kelp_greenling__Hexagrammos_decagrammus common food and sport fish of western coast of North America
subtype: painted_greenling__paintedgreenling__convictfish__Oxylebius_pictus greenling with whitish body marked with black bands
subtype: flathead.scorpaenoid_fish food fish of the Indonesian region of the Pacific; resembles gurnards
subtype: gurnard bottom-dwelling coastal fishes with spiny armored heads and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom
subtype: tub_gurnard__tubgurnard__yellow_gurnard__Trigla_lucerna a kind of gurnard
subtype: sea_robin__searobin__searobin American gurnard; mostly found in bays and estuaries
subtype: northern_sea_robin__Prionotus_carolinus large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida
subtype: armored_searobin__armoredsearobin__armored_sea_robin__armoredsearobin__Peristedion_miniatum sea robins having bony scutes on the body and barbels on the chin; found mostly on the continental slope
subtype: flying_gurnard__flying_robin__butterflyfish tropical fish with huge fanlike pectoral fins for underwater gliding; unrelated to searobins
subtype: plectognath_fish__plectognathfish__plectognath tropical marine fishes having the teeth fused into a beak and thick skin covered with bony plates or spines
subtype: triggerfish any of numerous compressed deep-bodied tropical fishes with sandpapery skin and erectile spines in the first dorsal fin
subtype: queen_triggerfish__queentriggerfish__Bessy_cerca__oldwench__oldwife__balistesvetula tropical Atlantic fish
subtype: filefish narrow flattened warm-water fishes with leathery skin and a long file-like dorsal spine
subtype: leatherfish__leatherjacket any of several brightly colored tropical filefishes
subtype: boxfish__trunkfish any of numerous small tropical fishes having body and head encased in bony plates
subtype: cowfish__Lactophrys_quadricornis trunkfish having hornlike spines over the eyes
subtype: puffer__blowfish__globefish any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers
subtype: spiny_puffer__spinypuffer puffers having rigid or erectile spines
subtype: porcupinefish__porcupine_fish__porcupinefish__Diodon_hystrix spines become erect when the body is inflated; worldwide in warm waters
subtype: balloonfish__Diodon_holocanthus similar to but smaller than porcupinefish
subtype: burrfish any of several fishes having rigid flattened spines
subtype: ocean_sunfish__oceansunfish__sunfish__headfish among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters
subtype: sharptail_mola__sharptailmola__Mola_lanceolata caudal fin has a central projection
subtype: flatfish any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side
subtype: flounder.flatfish any of various European and non-European marine flatfish
subtype: righteye_flounder__righteyed_flounder__righteyedflounder flounders with both eyes on the right side of the head
subtype: Pleuronectes_platessa__plaice large European food fish
subtype: European_flatfish__Platichthys_flesus important food fish of Europe
subtype: Limanda_ferruginea__yellowtail_flounder American flounder having a yellowish tail
subtype: blackback_flounder__blackbackflounder__winter_flounder__lemon_sole__lemonsole__Pseudopleuronectes_americanus important American food fish in the winter
subtype: Microstomus_kitt__lemon_sole__lemonsole European flatfish highly valued as food
subtype: American_plaice__Hippoglossoides_platessoides large American food fish
subtype: Atlantic_halibut__Hippoglossus_hippoglossus largest United States flatfish
subtype: Pacific_halibut__Hippoglossus_stenolepsis a righteye flounder found in the Pacific
subtype: holibut marine food fish of North Atlantic or North Pacific; the largest flatfish and one of the largest teleost fishes
subtype: lefteye_flounder__lefteyeflounder__lefteyed_flounder flatfishes with both eyes on the left side of the head
subtype: southern_flounder__Paralichthys_lethostigmus flounder of southern United States
subtype: summer_flounder__Paralichthys_dentatus flounder of eastern coast of North America
subtype: gray_flounder__Etropus_rimosus flounder found from North Carolina to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico
subtype: whiff.lefteye_flounder a lefteye flounder found in coastal waters from New England to Brazil
subtype: horned_whiff__Citharichthys_cornutus whiff found in waters from the Bahamas and northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
subtype: sand_dab small food fishes of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: Scophthalmus_aquosus__windowpane very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America
subtype: brill__scophthalmusrhombu European food fish
subtype: Psetta_maxima__turbot a large brownish European flatfish
subtype: tonguefish left-eyed marine flatfish whose tail tapers to a point; of little commercial value
subtype: sole.flatfish right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
subtype: sweeper little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body
subtype: ganoid_fish__ganoid primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering
subtype: bowfin__grindle__Amia_calva primitive long-bodies carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America
subtype: paddlefish__duckbill__Polyodon_spathula primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout
subtype: Chinese_paddlefish__Psephurus_gladis fish of larger rivers of China similar to the Mississippi paddlefish
subtype: sturgeon large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in north temperate zone
subtype: Pacific_sturgeon__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Sacramento_sturgeon__Acipenser_transmontanus food and game fish of marine and fresh waters of northwestern coast of North America
subtype: beluga__hausen__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Acipenser_huso valuable source of caviar and isinglass; found in Black and Caspian seas
subtype: gar__garfish__garpike__billfish__Lepisosteus_osseus primitive predaceous North American fish covered with hard scales and having long jaws with needle-like teeth
subtype: gnathostome a vertebrate animal possessing true jaws
subtype: bird warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
subtype: dickeybird__dickybird (informal) small bird; adults talking to children sometimes call small birds dickeybirds
subtype: cock adult male bird
subtype: gamecock__fighting_cock a cock bred and trained for fighting
subtype: hen adult female bird
subtype: night_bird__nightbird any bird associated with night: owl; nightingale; nighthawk; etc
subtype: night_raven__nightraven any bird that cries at night
subtype: bird_of_passage any bird that migrates seasonally
subtype: protoavis__protoavi most primitive avian type known; extinct bird of the Triassic having birdlike jaw and hollow limbs and breastbone with dinosaur-like tail and hind limbs
subtype: archaeopteryx__archeopteryx__Archaeopteryx_lithographica extinct primitive toothed bird of the Upper Jurassic having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds
subtype: Sinornis sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous having a keeled breastbone and vestigial tail; found in China; considered possibly the second most primitive of all birds
subtype: Ibero-mesornis sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Lower Cretaceous having a vestigial tail; found in Spain; considered possibly the third most primitive of all birds
subtype: archaeornis__archaeorni extinct primitive toothed bird with a long feathered tail and three free clawed digits on each wing
subtype: ratite_bird__ratite__flightless_bird flightless birds having flat breastbones lacking a keel for attachment of flight muscles: ostriches; cassowaries; emus; moas; rheas; kiwis; elephant birds
subtype: ostrich__struthiocamelu fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird
subtype: cassowary large black flightless bird of Australia and New Guinea having a horny head crest
subtype: emu__Dromaius_novaehollandiae__Emu_novaehollandiae large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller
subtype: kiwi__apteryx nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes
subtype: Rhea_americana__rhea larger of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Brazil to Patagonia
subtype: rhea__nandu__Pterocnemia_pennata smaller of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Peru to Straits of Magellan
subtype: elephant_bird__aepyornis__aepyorni huge (to 9 ft.) extinct flightless bird of Madagascar
subtype: moa extinct flightless bird of New Zealand
subtype: giant_moa__giantmoa__Dinornis_giganteus the largest moa; about 12 feet high
subtype: anomalopteryx__Anomalopteryx_oweni the smallest moa; slender moa about the size of a large turkey
subtype: carinate_bird__carinate__flying_bird birds having keeled breastbones for attachment of flight muscles
subtype: passerine__passeriform_bird__passeriformbird perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless
subtype: oscine_bird__oscine passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus
subtype: songbird__songster any bird having a musical call
subtype: honey_eater__honeyeater__honeysucker Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar
subtype: accentor small sparrow-like songbird of mountainous regions of Eurasia
subtype: hedge_sparrow__sparrow__dunnock__Prunella_modularis small brownish European songbird
subtype: lark any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing
subtype: skylark__alaudaarvensi brown-speckled European lark noted for singing while hovering at a great height
subtype: wagtail Old World bird having a very long tail that jerks up and down as it walks
subtype: pipit__titlark__lark small songbirds resembling larks
subtype: meadow_pipit__Anthus_pratensis a common pipit that is brown above and white below; widely distributed in northern and central Europe and in Asia
subtype: finch any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds
subtype: chaffinch__Fringilla_coelebs small European finch with a cheerful song
subtype: brambling__Fringilla_montifringilla Eurasian finch
subtype: goldfinch__Carduelis_carduelis small European finch having a crimson face and yellow-and-black wings
subtype: linnet__Carduelis_cannabina small Old World finch whose male has a red breast and forehead
subtype: siskin__Carduelis_spinus small sharp-billed yellow-and-black Eurasian finch
subtype: red_siskin__redsiskin__Carduelis_cucullata South American species of scarlet finch with black head and wings and tail
subtype: Carduelis_flammea__redpoll small siskin-like finch with a red crown
subtype: redpoll__Carduelis_hornemanni small siskin-like finch with a red crown
subtype: New_world_goldfinch__goldfinch__yellowbird__Spinus_tristis American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer
subtype: pine_siskin__pine_finch__Spinus_pinus small finch of North American coniferous forests
subtype: house_finch__housefinch__linnet__Carpodacus_mexicanus small finch originally of the western United States and Mexico
subtype: purple_finch__Carpodacus_purpureus North American finch having a raspberry-red head and breast and rump
subtype: canary_bird__canary any of several small Old World finches
subtype: common_canary__Serinus_canaria native to the Canary Islands and Azores; popular usually yellow cage bird noted for its song
subtype: serin any of various brown and yellow finches of pats of Europe
subtype: crossbill__Loxia_curvirostra finch with a bill whose tips cross when closed
subtype: bullfinch__Pyrrhula_pyrrhula common European finch mostly black and white with red throat and breast
subtype: junco__snowbird small North American finch seen chiefly in winter
subtype: dark-eyed_junco__slate-colored_junco__slatecoloredjunco__Junco_hyemalis common North American junco having gray plumage and eyes with dark brown irises
subtype: New_World_sparrow sparrow-like North American finches
subtype: vesper_sparrow__grass_finch__grassfinch__Pooecetes_gramineus common North American finch noted for its evening song
subtype: white-throated_sparrow__whitethroat__Zonotrichia_albicollis common North American finch with a white patch on the throat and black-and-white striped crown
subtype: white-crowned_sparrow__whitecrownedsparrow__Zonotrichia_leucophrys finch with black-and-white striped crown
subtype: chipping_sparrow__Spizella_passerina small North American finch common in urban areas
subtype: field_sparrow__fieldsparrow__Spizella_pusilla common North American finch of brushy pasturelands
subtype: Spizella_arborea__tree_sparrow finch common in winter in the northern U.S.
subtype: song_sparrow__Melospiza_melodia small songbird common in North America
subtype: swamp_sparrow__swampsparrow__Melospiza_georgiana North American finch of marshy area
subtype: bunting any of numerous seed-eating songbirds of Europe or North America
subtype: indigo_bunting__indigo_finch__indigo_bird__Passerina_cyanea small deep blue North American bunting
subtype: ortolan_bunting__ortolanbunting__ortolan__Emberiza_hortulana brownish Old World bunting often eaten as a delicacy
subtype: reed_bunting__Emberiza_schoeniclus European bunting inhabiting marshy areas
subtype: yellowhammer__yellow_bunting__Emberiza_citrinella European bunting the male being bright yellow
subtype: yellow-breasted_bunting__Emberiza_aureola common in Russia and Siberia
subtype: snow_bunting__snowbird__snowflake__Plectrophenax_nivalis white arctic bunting
subtype: grosbeak__grossbeak any of various finches of Europe or America having a massive and powerful bill
subtype: evening_grosbeak__eveninggrosbeak__Hesperiphona_vespertina North American grosbeak
subtype: hawfinch__Coccothraustes_coccothraustes a common large finch of Eurasia
subtype: pine_grosbeak__Pinicola_enucleator large grosbeak of coniferous forests of Old and New Worlds
subtype: cardinal_grosbeak__cardinal__Richmondena_Cardinalis__Cardinalis_cardinalis__redbird crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male
subtype: pyrrhuloxia__Pyrrhuloxia_sinuata crested gray-and-red bird of southwest United States and Mexico
subtype: towhee any of numerous long-tailed American finches
subtype: chewink__Pipilo_erythrophthalmus common towhee of eastern North America
subtype: green-tailed_towhee__Chlorura_chlorura towhee of the Rocky mountain region
subtype: Hawaiian_honeycreeper__honeycreeper small to medium-sized finches of the Hawaiian islands
subtype: mamo black honeycreepers with yellow feathers around the tail; now extinct
subtype: honeycreeper small bright-colored tropical American songbird with a curved bill for sucking nectar
subtype: banana_quit any of several honeycreepers
subtype: weaver_finch__weaver__weaverbird finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests
subtype: baya__Ploceus_philippinus common Indian weaverbird
subtype: whydah__whidah__widow_bird__widowbird mostly black African weaverbird
subtype: Java_sparrow__Java_finch__ricebird__Padda_oryzivora small finch-like Indonesian weaverbird that frequents rice fields
subtype: avadavat__amadavat red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
subtype: grassfinch__grass_finch__grassfinch usually brightly-colored Australian weaverbirds; often kept as cage birds
subtype: zebra_finch__zebrafinch__Poephila_castanotis small Australian weaverbird with markings like a zebra's
subtype: Old_World_flycatcher__true_flycatcher__flycatcher any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing
subtype: spotted_flycatcher__spottedflycatcher__Muscicapa_striata__Muscicapa_grisola common European woodland flycatcher with grayish-brown plumage
subtype: thickhead__whistler Australian and southeastern Asian birds with a melodious whistling call
subtype: thrush songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast
subtype: missel_thrush__mistle_thrush__mistletoe_thrush__mistletoethrush__Turdus_viscivorus large European thrush that feeds on mistletoe berries
subtype: song_thrush__mavis__mavi__throstle__Turdus_philomelos common Old World thrush noted for its song
subtype: fieldfare__snowbird__Turdus_pilaris medium-sized Eurasian thrush seen chiefly in winter
subtype: redwing__Turdus_iliacus small European thrush having reddish flanks
subtype: European_blackbird__blackbird__merl__merle__ouzel__ousel__Turdus_merula common black European thrush
subtype: ring_ouzel__ring_blackbird__ring_thrush__Turdus_torquatus European thrush common in rocky areas; the male has blackish plumage with a white band around the neck
subtype: American_robin__robin__Turdus_migratorius large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen
subtype: clay-colored_robin__Turdus_grayi robin of Mexico and Central America
subtype: hermit_thrush__Hylocichla_guttata North American thrush noted for its complex and appealing song
subtype: veery__Wilson's_thrush__Hylocichla_fuscescens tawny brown North American thrush noted for its song
subtype: wood_thrush__Hylocichla_mustelina large thrush common in eastern American woodlands; noted for its melodious song
subtype: nightingale__lusciniamegarhyncho European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song
subtype: bulbul nightingale spoken of in Persian poetry
subtype: thrush_nightingale__Luscinia_luscinia large nightingale of eastern Europe
subtype: Old_World_chat__chat songbirds having a chattering call
subtype: stonechat__Saxicola_torquata common European chat with black plumage and a reddish-brown breast
subtype: whinchat__Saxicola_rubetra brown-and-buff European songbird of grassy meadows
subtype: solitaire dull gray North American thrushes noted for its beautiful song
subtype: redstart__redtail European songbird with a reddish breast and tail; related to Old World robins
subtype: wheatear small songbird of northern America and Eurasia having a distinctive white rump
subtype: bluebird blue North American songbird
subtype: robin_redbreast__robinredbreast__robin__redbreast__Old_World_robin__Erithacus_rubecola small Old World songbird with a reddish breast
subtype: bluethroat__Erithacus_svecicus songbird of northern Europe and Asia
subtype: warbler a small active songbird
subtype: gnatcatcher very small North and South American warblers
subtype: kinglet small birds resembling warblers but having some of the habits of titmice
subtype: goldcrest__golden-crested_kinglet__Regulus_regulus European kinglet with a black-bordered yellow crown patch
subtype: gold-crowned_kinglet__Regulus_satrata American golden-crested kinglet
subtype: ruby-crowned_kinglet__ruby-crowned_wren__Regulus_calendula American kinglet with a notable song and in the male a red crown patch
subtype: Old_World_warbler__true_warbler small active brownish or grayish Old World birds
subtype: blackcap__Silvia_atricapilla small brownish-gray warbler with a black crown
subtype: wood_warbler__Phylloscopus_sibilatrix European woodland warbler with dull yellow plumage
subtype: sedge_warbler__sedgewarbler__sedge_bird__sedgebird__sedge_wren__sedgewren__reedbird__Acrocephalus_schoenobaenus small European warbler that breeds among reeds and wedges and winters in Africa
subtype: wren_warbler small Asiatic and African bird; constructs nests like those of tailorbirds
subtype: tailorbird__Orthotomus_sutorius tropical Asian warbler that stitches leaves together to form and conceal its nest
subtype: greater_whitethroat__whitethroat__Sylvia_communis grayish-brown Old World warbler with a white throat and underparts
subtype: lesser_whitethroat__whitethroat__Sylvia_curruca Old World warbler similar to the greater whitethroat but smaller
subtype: New_World_warbler__wood_warbler small bright-colored American songbird with a weak unmusical song
subtype: parula_warbler__northern_parula__Parula_americana small gray-blue wood warbler with yellow throat and breast; of eastern North America
subtype: Wilson's_warbler__Wilson's_blackcap__Wilsonia_pusilla yellow wood warbler with a black crown
subtype: flycatching_warbler__flycatchingwarbler any of numerous American wood warblers that feed on insects caught on the wing
subtype: American_redstart__redstart__Setophaga_ruticilla flycatching warbler of eastern North America the male having bright orange on sides and wings and tail
subtype: Cape_May_warbler__Dendroica_tigrina North American wood warbler; olive green and yellow striped with black
subtype: yellow_warbler__golden_warbler__yellowbird__Dendroica_petechia yellow-throated American wood warbler
subtype: Blackburn__Blackburnian_warbler__Dendroica_fusca black-and-white North American wood warbler having an orange-and-black head and throat
subtype: Audubon's_warbler__Audubon_warbler__Dendroica_auduboni common warbler of western North America
subtype: myrtle_warbler__myrtle_bird__Dendroica_coronata similar to Audubon's warbler
subtype: blackpoll__Dendroica_striate North American warbler having a black-and-white head
subtype: New_World_chat__chat birds having a chattering call
subtype: yellow-breasted_chat__Icteria_virens American warbler noted for imitating songs of other birds
subtype: Seiurus_aurocapillus__ovenbird American warbler; builds a dome-shaped nest on the ground
subtype: water_thrush__waterthrush brownish North American warbler found near streams
subtype: yellowthroat small olive-colored American warblers with yellow breast and throat
subtype: common_yellowthroat__Maryland_yellowthroat__Geothlypis_trichas an American warbler
subtype: babbler__cackler any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae
subtype: bird_of_paradise any of numerous brilliantly colored plumed birds of the New Guinea area
subtype: riflebird__Ptloris_paradisea velvety black Australian bird of paradise with green and purple iridescence on head and tail
subtype: New_World_oriole__American_oriole__oriole American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow
subtype: northern_oriole__Icterus_galbula a kind of New World oriole
subtype: Baltimore_oriole__Baltimore_bird__hangbird__firebird__Icterus_galbula_galbula eastern subspecies of northern oriole
subtype: Bullock's_oriole__Icterus_galbula_bullockii western subspecies of northern oriole
subtype: orchard_oriole__orchardoriole__Icterus_spurius the male is chestnut-and-black
subtype: meadowlark__lark North American yellow-breasted songbirds
subtype: eastern_meadowlark__easternmeadowlark__Sturnella_magna a meadowlark of eastern North America
subtype: western_meadowlark__westernmeadowlark__Sturnella_neglecta a meadowlark of western North America
subtype: cacique__cazique black-and-red or black-and-yellow orioles of the American tropics
subtype: bobolink__ricebird__reedbird__Dolichonyx_oryzivorus migratory American songbird
subtype: New_World_blackbird__blackbird any bird of the family Icteridae whose male is black or predominantly black
subtype: grackle__crowblackbird long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage
subtype: purple_grackle__Quiscalus_quiscula eastern United States grackle
subtype: rusty_blackbird__rusty_grackle__rustygrackle__Euphagus_carilonus North American blackbird whose bluish-black plumage is rusty-edged in the fall
subtype: cowbird North American blackbird that follows cattle and lays eggs in other birds' nests
subtype: red-winged_blackbird__redwing__Agelaius_phoeniceus North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings
subtype: Old_World_oriole__oriole mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black
subtype: golden_oriole__Oriolus_oriolus bright yellow songbird with black wings
subtype: fig-bird__figbird greenish-yellow Australian oriole feeding chiefly on figs and other fruits
subtype: starling gregarious birds native to the Old World
subtype: common_starling__Sturnus_vulgaris gregarious bird having plumage with dark metallic gloss; builds nests around dwellings and other structures; naturalized worldwide
subtype: rose-colored_starling__rose-colored_pastor__Pastor_sturnus__Pastor_roseus glossy black bird with pink back and abdomen; chiefly Asian
subtype: myna_bird__myna__mynah__mina__minah__mynah_bird__mynahbird tropical Asian starlings
subtype: crested_myna__crestedmyna__Acridotheres_tristis dark brown crested bird of southeastern Asia
subtype: hill_myna__Indian_grackle__grackle__graculareligiosa glossy black Asiatic starling often taught to mimic speech
subtype: corvine_bird__corvinebird birds of the crow family
subtype: crow black birds having a raucous call
subtype: American_crow__Corvus_brachyrhyncos common crow of N. America
subtype: raven__Corvus_corax large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail
subtype: Corvus_frugilegus__rook common gregarious Old World bird about the size and color of the American crow
subtype: jackdaw__daw__Corvus_monedula common black-and-gray Eurasian bird noted for thievery
subtype: chough a European corvine bird of small or medium size with red legs and glossy black plumage
subtype: jay crested largely blue bird
subtype: Old_World_jay a European jay
subtype: common_European_jay__Garullus_garullus fawn-colored jay with black-and-white crest and blue-and-black wings
subtype: New_World_jay a North American jay
subtype: blue_jay__jaybird__Cyanocitta_cristata common jay of eastern North America; bright blue with grey breast
subtype: Canada_jay__gray_jay__camp_robber__whisker_jack__whiskerjack__Perisoreus_canadensis gray jay of northern North America with black-capped head and no crest; noted for boldness in thievery
subtype: Rocky_Mountain_jay__Perisoreus_canadensis_capitalis a Canada jay with a white head; widely distributed from Montana to Arizona
subtype: nutcracker speckled birds that feed on nuts
subtype: common_nutcracker__Nucifraga_caryocatactes Old World nutcracker
subtype: Clark's_nutcracker__Nucifraga_columbiana nutcracker of the western United States
subtype: magpie long-tailed black-and-white bird that utters a chattering call
subtype: European_magpie__Pica_pica common European magpie
subtype: American_magpie__Pica_pica_hudsonia magpie of Rocky mountain regions
subtype: Australian_magpie black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies
subtype: butcherbird.Australian_magpie large carnivorous Australian bird with the shrike-like habit of impaling prey on thorns
subtype: currawong__bell_magpie bluish black fruit-eating bird with a bell-like call
subtype: piping_crow-shrike__piping_crow__Gymnorhina_tibicen crow-sized black-and-white bird; a good mimic often caged
subtype: mockingbird__mocker__Mimus_polyglotktos long-tailed gray-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds
subtype: blue_mockingbird__Melanotis_caerulescens mockingbird of Mexico
subtype: gray_catbird__catbird__Dumetella_carolinensis North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing
subtype: thrasher__mocking_thrush__mockingthrush thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs
subtype: brown_thrasher__brownthrasher__brown_thrush__brownthrush__Toxostoma_rufums common large songbird of eastern United States having reddish-brown plumage
subtype: New_Zealand_wren birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens
subtype: rock_wren__Xenicus_gilviventris short-tailed bird resembling a wren
subtype: rifleman_bird__Acanthisitta_chloris small green-and-bronze bird
subtype: tree_creeper__creeper any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb about on trees
subtype: brown_creeper__browncreeper__American_creeper__Certhia_americana common American brown creeper with down-curved bill
subtype: European_creeper__Certhia_familiaris common European brown-and-buff tree creeper with down-curved bill
subtype: wall_creeper__tichodrome__Tichodroma_muriaria crimson-and-gray songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
subtype: nuthatch__nutcracker any of various small short-tailed sharp-beaked birds that creep on trees and feed on small nuts and insects
subtype: European_nuthatch__Sitta_europaea a kind of nuthatch
subtype: red-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_canadensis bluish-gray nuthatch with reddish breast; of northern coniferous forests
subtype: white-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_carolinensis bluish-gray nuthatch with black head and white breast; of eastern North America
subtype: titmouse__tit small insectivorous birds
subtype: chickadee any of various small gray-and-black songbirds of North America
subtype: black-capped_chickadee__blackcap__Parus_atricapillus Chickadee having a dark crown
subtype: Carolina_chickadee__Parus_carolinensis southern United States chickadee similar to the blackcap but smaller
subtype: tufted_titmouse__Parus_bicolor crested titmouse of eastern and midwestern United States
subtype: blue_tit__tomtit__Parus_caeruleus widely distributed European titmouse with bright cobalt blue wings and tail and crown of the head
subtype: bushtit__bush_tit active gray titmice of western North America
subtype: wren-tit__Chamaea_fasciata small brown bird of California resembling a wren
subtype: verdin__Auriparus_flaviceps very small yellow-headed titmouse of Western North America
subtype: fairy_bluebird__fairybluebird__bluebird fruit-eating mostly brilliant blue songbird of the East Indies
subtype: swallow small long-winged songbird noted for swift graceful flight and the regularity of its migrations
subtype: barn_swallow__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Hirundo_rustica common swallow of North America and Europe that nests in barns etc.
subtype: cliff_swallow__cliffswallow__Hirundo_pyrrhonota North American swallow that lives in colonies and builds bottle-shaped mud nests on cliffs and walls
subtype: tree_swallow__tree_martin__Hirundo_nigricans of Australia and Polynesia; nests in tree cavities
subtype: white-bellied_swallow__whitebelliedswallow__tree_swallow__Iridoprocne_bicolor bluish-green-and-white North American swallow; nests in tree cavities
subtype: martin any of various swallows with squarish or slightly forked tail and long pointed wings; migrate around Martinmas
subtype: house_martin__housemartin__Delichon_urbica common small European martin that builds nests under the eaves of houses
subtype: bank_martin__bank_swallow__sand_martin__Riparia_riparia swallow of the northern hemisphere that nests in tunnels dug in clay or sand banks
subtype: purple_martin__Progne_subis large North American martin of which the male is blue-black
subtype: wood_swallow__swallow_shrike__swallowshrike Australasian and Asiatic bird related to the shrikes and resembling a swallow
subtype: tanager any of numerous New World woodland birds having brightly colored males
subtype: scarlet_tanager__scarlettanager__Piranga_olivacea__redbird__firebird the male is bright red with black wings and tail
subtype: western_tanager__westerntanager__Piranga_ludoviciana of western North America; male is black and yellow and orange-red
subtype: summer_tanager__summer_redbird__Piranga_rubra of middle and southern United States; male is deep rose-red the female mostly yellow
subtype: hepatic_tanager__hepatictanager__Piranga_flava_hepatica common tanager of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: shrike any of numerous Old World birds having a strong hooked bill that feed on smaller animals
subtype: butcherbird shrikes that impale their prey on thorns
subtype: European_shrike__Lanius_excubitor common European butcherbird
subtype: northern_shrike__Lanius_borealis butcherbird of northern North American
subtype: white-rumped_shrike__Lanius_ludovicianus_excubitorides of western North America; gray with white underparts
subtype: loggerhead_shrike__Lanius_lucovicianus common shrike of southeastern United States having black eye-bands
subtype: migrant_shrike__migrantshrike__Lanius_ludovicianus_migrans of central North America; winters in Texas and the south Mississippi valley
subtype: bush_shrike African shrike
subtype: black-fronted_bush_shrike__Chlorophoneus_nigrifrons a kind of bush shrike
subtype: bowerbird__catbird any of various birds of the Australian region whose males build ornamented structures resembling bowers in order to attract females
subtype: satin_bowerbird__satinbowerbird__satin_bird__satinbird__Ptilonorhynchus_violaceus of southeast Australia; male is glossy violet blue; female is light gray-green
subtype: great_bowerbird__greatbowerbird__Chlamydera_nuchalis large bowerbird of northern Australia
subtype: water_ouzel__waterouzel__dipper small stocky diving bird without webbed feet; frequents fast-flowing streams and feeds along the bottom
subtype: European_water_ouzel__Cinclus_aquaticus a water ouzel of Europe
subtype: American_water_ouzel__Cinclus_mexicanus a water ouzel of western North America
subtype: vireo any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-gray in color
subtype: red-eyed_vireo__Vireo_olivaceous of northern North America having red irises and a olive-gray body with white underparts
subtype: solitary_vireo__Vireo_solitarius of eastern North America having a bluish-gray head and mostly green body
subtype: blue-headed_vireo__Vireo_solitarius_solitarius common vireo of northeastern North America with bluish slaty-gray head
subtype: waxwing brown velvety-plumaged songbirds of the northern hemisphere having crested heads and red waxy wing tips
subtype: cedar_waxwing__cedarwaxwing__cedarbird__bombycillacedrorun widely distributed over temperate North America
subtype: Bohemian_waxwing__Bombycilla_garrulus large waxwing of northern North America; similar to but larger than the cedar waxwing
subtype: true_sparrow__sparrow any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects
subtype: English_sparrow__house_sparrow__housesparrow__Passer_domesticus small hardy brown-and-gray bird native to Europe
subtype: tree_sparrow__Passer_montanus Eurasian sparrow smaller than the house sparrow
subtype: lyrebird Australian bird that resembles a pheasant; the courting male displays long tail feathers in a lyre shape
subtype: scrubbird__scrub_bird__scrubbird small fast-running Australian bird resembling a wren and frequenting brush or scrub
subtype: broadbill small birds of the Old World tropics having bright plumage and short wide bills
subtype: tyrannid a passerine bird of the suborder Tyranni
subtype: New_World_flycatcher__flycatcher__tyrant_flycatcher__tyrant_bird large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing
subtype: kingbird__Tyrannus_tyrannus large American flycatcher
subtype: Arkansas_kingbird__western_kingbird__westernkingbird a kingbird seen in western United States; head and back are pale gray and the breast is yellowish and the tail is black
subtype: Cassin's_kingbird__Tyrannus_vociferans a kingbird seen in the southwestern United States; largely gray with a yellow abdomen
subtype: eastern_kingbird__easternkingbird a kingbird that breeds in North American and winters in tropical America; distinguished by a white band on the tip of the tail
subtype: gray_kingbird__petchary__Tyrannus_domenicensis_domenicensis a kingbird that breeds in the southeastern United States and winters in tropical America; similar to but larger than the eastern kingbird
subtype: wood_pewee__pewee__peewit__pewit__Contopus_virens small olive-colored woodland flycatchers of eastern North America
subtype: western_wood_pewee__Contopus_sordidulus small flycatcher of western North America
subtype: Sayornis_phoebe__phoebe__phoebe_bird small dun-colored North American flycatcher
subtype: vermillion_flycatcher__firebird__Pyrocephalus_rubinus_mexicanus tropical American flycatcher found as far north as southern Texas and Arizona; adult male has bright scarlet and black plumage
subtype: cotinga__chatterer passerine bird of New World tropics
subtype: Rupicola_rupicola__cock_of_the_rock tropical bird of northern South America the male having brilliant red or orange plumage and an erectile disklike crest
subtype: cock_of_the_rock__Rupicola_peruviana bird of the Andes similar to Rupicola rupicola
subtype: bellbird any of several tropical American birds of the genus Procnias having a bell-like call
subtype: umbrella_bird__Cephalopterus_ornatus black tropical American bird having a large overhanging crest and long feathered wattle
subtype: scissortail__scissortailed_flycatcher__scissortailedflycatcher__Muscivora-forficata gray flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings
subtype: manakin any of numerous small bright-colored birds of Central and South America having short bills and elaborate courtship behavior
subtype: ovenbird small brownish South American birds that build oven-shaped clay nests
subtype: antbird__ant_bird__antbird any of various dull-colored South American birds that feeding on ants some following army ant swarms
subtype: ant_thrush__antthrush a kind of antbird
subtype: ant_shrike__antshrike antbirds superficially resembling shrikes
subtype: spotted_antbird__spottedantbird__Hylophylax_naevioides a kind of antbird
subtype: woodhewer__woodcreeper__tree_creeper any of numerous South and Central American birds with a curved bill and stiffened tail feathers that climb and feed like woodpeckers
subtype: pitta any bird of the genus Pitta; brilliantly colored chiefly terrestrial birds with short wings and tail and stout bills
subtype: jenny_wren__jennywren__wren and of several small active brown birds of the northern hemisphere with short upright tails; they feed on insects
subtype: winter_wren__Troglodytes_troglodytes small wren of coniferous forests of northern hemisphere
subtype: house_wren__housewren__Troglodytes_aedon common American wren that nests around houses
subtype: marsh_wren__marshwren a wren of the genus Cistothorus that frequents marshes
subtype: long-billed_marsh_wren__Cistothorus_palustris American wren that inhabits tall reed beds
subtype: sedge_wren__sedgewren__short-billed_marsh_wren__Cistothorus_platensis small American wren inhabiting wet sedgy meadows
subtype: Salpinctes_obsoletus__rock_wren wren inhabiting badlands and mesa country of western United States and Mexico
subtype: Carolina_wren__Thryothorus_ludovicianus large United States wren with a musical call
subtype: cactus_wren large harsh-voiced American wren of arid regions of the United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: nonpasserine_bird chiefly arboreal birds especially of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: bird_of_prey__raptor__raptorial_bird__raptorialbird any of numerous carnivorous birds that hunt and kill other animals
subtype: order_Accipitriformes__Accipitriformes in some classifications an alternative name for the Falconiformes
subtype: hawk diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail
subtype: eyas an unfledged or nestling hawk
subtype: tiercel__tercel__tercelet male hawk especially male peregrine or gyrfalcon
subtype: goshawk__Accipiter_gentilis large hawk of Eurasia and North America used in falconry
subtype: Accipiter_nisus__sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk small hawk of Eurasia and North Africa
subtype: Cooper's_hawk__blue_darter__Accipiter_cooperii bluish-gray North American hawk having a darting flight
subtype: chicken_hawk__chickenhawk__henhawk nontechnical term for any hawks said to prey on poultry
subtype: buteonine any hawk of the genus Buteo
subtype: redtail__redtailedhawk__Buteo_jamaicensis dark brown American hawk species having a reddish-brown tail
subtype: rough-legged_hawk__roughleg__Buteo_lagopus large hawk of the northern hemisphere that feeds chiefly on small rodents and is beneficial to farmers
subtype: red-shouldered_hawk__Buteo_lineatus North American hawk with reddish brown shoulders
subtype: buzzard__Buteo_buteo the common European short-winged hawk
subtype: honey_buzzard__honeybuzzard__Pernis_apivorus Old World hawk that feeds on bee larvae and small rodents and reptiles
subtype: kite any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals
subtype: black_kite__blackkite__Milvus_migrans dark Old World kite feeding chiefly on carrion
subtype: swallow-tailed_kite__swallow-tailed_hawk__Elanoides_forficatus graceful North American black-and-white kite
subtype: white-tailed_kite__Elanus_leucurus gray-and-white American kite of warm and tropical regions
subtype: harrier hawks that hunt over meadows and marshes and prey on small terrestrial animals
subtype: marsh_harrier__marshharrier__Circus_Aeruginosus Old World harrier frequenting marshy regions
subtype: Montagu's_harrier__Circus_pygargus brownish European harrier
subtype: marsh_hawk__marshhawk__northern_harrier__hen_harrier__henharrier__Circus_cyaneus common harrier of North America and Europe; nests in marshes and open land
subtype: harrier_eagle__harriereagle__short-toed_eagle any of numerous large Old Wold hawks intermediate in some respects between typical hawks and typical eagles
subtype: falcon diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight
subtype: peregrine_falcon__peregrinefalcon__Falco_peregrinus a widely distributed falcon formerly used in falconry
subtype: falcon-gentle__falcon-gentil female falcon especially a female peregrine falcon
subtype: gyrfalcon__gerfalcon__Falco_rusticolus large and rare arctic falcon having white and dark color phases
subtype: Falco_tinnunculus__kestrel small Old World falcon that hovers in the air against a wind
subtype: sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk__americankestrel__kestrel__Falco_sparverius small North American falcon
subtype: pigeon_hawk__merlin__Falco_columbarius small falcon of Europe and America having dark plumage with black-barred tail; used in falconry
subtype: Falco_subbuteo__hobby small Old World falcon formerly trained and flown at small birds
subtype: caracara any of various long-legged carrion-eating hawks of South and Central America
subtype: Audubon's_caracara__Polyborus_cheriway_audubonii widespread from southern United States to Central America; rusty black with black-and-white breast and tail
subtype: carancha__Polyborus_plancus South American caracara
subtype: osprey__fish_hawk__fish_eagle__sea_eagle__seaeagle__Pandion_haliaetus large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years
subtype: bird_of_Jove__eagle any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight
subtype: eaglet a young eagle
subtype: harpy_eagle__harpyeagle__harpy__Harpia_harpyja large black-and-white crested eagle of tropical America
subtype: golden_eagle__Aquila_chrysaetos large eagle of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck
subtype: ringtail an immature golden eagle
subtype: tawny_eagle__tawnyeagle__Aquila_rapax brownish eagle of Africa and parts of Asia
subtype: bald_eagle__American_eagle__Haliaeetus_leucocephalus large North American eagle having a white head and dark wings and body
subtype: sea_eagle__seaeagle any of various large eagles that usually feed on fish
subtype: Kamchatkan_sea_eagle__Stellar's_sea_eagle__Haliaeetus_pelagicus found on coasts of western north Pacific
subtype: ern__erne__gray_sea_eagle__European_sea_eagle__white-tailed_sea_eagle__Haliatus_albicilla bulky grayish-brown eagle with a short wedge-shaped white tail; of Europe and Greenland
subtype: fishing_eagle__fishingeagle__Haliaeetus_leucorhyphus of southeast Europe and central Asia
subtype: vulture any of various large diurnal birds of prey having naked heads and weak claws and feeding chiefly on carrion
subtype: family_Aegypiidae__Aegypiidae in some classifications considered the family comprising the Old World vultures which are more often included in the family Accipitridae
subtype: Old_World_vulture any of several large vultures of Africa and Eurasia
subtype: griffon_vulture__griffonvulture__griffon__Gyps_fulvus large vulture of southern Europe and northern Africa having pale plumage with black wings
subtype: bearded_vulture__beardedvulture__lammergeier__lammergeyer__Gypaetus_barbatus the largest Eurasian bird of prey; having black feathers hanging around the bill
subtype: Egyptian_vulture__Pharaoh's_chicken__Neophron_percnopterus small mostly white vulture of Africa and southern Eurasia
subtype: Aegypius_monachus__black_vulture__blackvulture of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
subtype: New_World_vulture__cathartid large birds of prey superficially similar to Old World vultures
subtype: turkey_buzzard__buzzard__turkey_vulture__Cathartes_aura common in South and Central America and southern United States
subtype: condor largest flying birds in the western hemisphere
subtype: Andean_condor__Vultur_gryphus large vulture of the high Andes having black plumage and white neck ruff
subtype: California_condor__Gymnogyps_californianus North American condor; chiefly dull black; almost extinct
subtype: black_vulture__blackvulture__carrion_crow__carrioncrow__Coragyps_atratus American vulture smaller than the turkey buzzard
subtype: king_vulture__Sarcorhamphus_papa large black-and-white vulture of South and Central America have colorful wattles and wartlike protuberances on head and neck
subtype: secretary_bird__secretarybird__Sagittarius_serpentarius large long-legged African bird of prey that feeds on reptiles
subtype: owl__bird_of_Minerva__bird_of_night__hooter nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes
subtype: owlet young owl
subtype: little_owl__Athene_noctua small European owl
subtype: horned_owl large owls having prominent ear tufts
subtype: great_horned_owl__Bubo_virginianus brown North American horned owl
subtype: great_gray_owl__Strix_nebulosa large dish-faced owl of northern North America and western Eurasia
subtype: tawny_owl__tawnyowl__Strix_aluco reddish-brown European owl having a round head with black eyes
subtype: barred_owl__Strix_varia large owl of eastern North America having its breast and abdomen streaked with brown
subtype: Otus_asio__screech_owl__screechowl small North American owl having hornlike tufts of feathers
subtype: screech_owl__screechowl any owl that has a screeching cry
subtype: scops_owl__scopsowl any of several small owls having ear tufts and a whistling call
subtype: Old_World_scops_owl__Otus_scops European scops owl
subtype: Oriental_scops_owl__Otus_sunia Asian scops owl
subtype: hoot_owl any owl that hoots as distinct from screeching
subtype: hawk_owl__Surnia_ulula gray-and-white diurnal hawk-like owl of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: long-eared_owl__Asio_otus slender European owl of coniferous forests with long ear tufts
subtype: laughing_owl__laughing_jackass__Sceloglaux_albifacies almost extinct owl of New Zealand
subtype: barn_owl__Tyto_alba mottled buff and white owl often inhabiting barns and other structures; important in rodent control
subtype: gallinaceous_bird__gallinaceon heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds
subtype: domestic_fowl__fowl__poultry a domesticated gallinaceous bird though to be descended from the red jungle fowl
subtype: Dorking an English breed of large domestic fowl having five toes (the hind toe doubled)
subtype: Plymouth_Rock an American breed of domestic fowl
subtype: Cornish English breed of compact domestic fowl; raised primarily to crossbreed to produce roasters
subtype: Rock_Cornish small plump hybrid developed by crossbreeding Plymouth Rock and Cornish fowl
subtype: game_fowl any of several breeds reared for cock-fighting
subtype: cochin_china__cochin Asian breed of large fowl with dense plumage and feathered legs
subtype: chicken__Gallus_gallus a domestic fowl bred for flesh or eggs; believed to have been developed from the red jungle fowl
subtype: bantam any of various small breeds
subtype: chick__biddy young bird especially of domestic fowl
subtype: rooster__cock adult male chicken
subtype: cockerel a young domestic cock; not older than one year
subtype: capon castrated male chicken
subtype: biddy__hen adult female chicken
subtype: cackler a hen that has just laid an egg and emits a shrill squawk
subtype: brood_hen__broodhen__broody__broody_hen__setting_hen__settinghen__sitter a domestic hen ready to brood
subtype: layer.biddy a hen that lays eggs
subtype: pullet young hen usually less than a year old
subtype: spring_chicken a young chicken having tender meat
subtype: Rhode_Island_red American breed of heavy-bodied brownish-red general-purpose chicken
subtype: Dominique__Dominick American breed of chicken having barred gray plumage raised for meat and brown eggs
subtype: Orpington English breed of large white-skinned chickens
subtype: Meleagris_gallopavo__turkey large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food
subtype: turkey_cock__gobbler__tom__tomturkey male turkey
subtype: guinea_fowl__guinea__Numida_meleagris W African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world
subtype: guinea_hen female guinea fowl
subtype: jungle_fowl__gallina small Asiatic wild bird; believed to be ancestral to domestic fowl
subtype: jungle_cock male jungle fowl
subtype: jungle_hen female jungle fowl
subtype: red_jungle_fowl__Gallus_gallus SE Asian jungle fowl considered ancestral to domestic fowl
subtype: ocellated_turkey__ocellatedturkey__agriocharisocellata wild turkey of Central and northern South America
subtype: game_bird any bird hunted as game
subtype: grouse popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet
subtype: black_grouse__blackgrouse grouse of which the male is bluish-black
subtype: European_black_grouse__heathfowl__Lyrurus_tetrix large north European black grouse with a lyre-shaped tail
subtype: Asian_black_grouse__Lyrurus_mlokosiewiczi of W. Asia
subtype: blackcock__black_cock__blackcock male black grouse
subtype: grayhen__gray_hen__heath_hen female black grouse
subtype: ptarmigan large arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage
subtype: red_grouse__redgrouse__moorfowl__moorbird__moorgame__Lagopus_scoticus reddish-brown grouse of upland moors of Great Britain
subtype: moorhen female red grouse
subtype: moorcock male red grouse
subtype: capercaillie__capercailzie__horse_of_the_wood__Tetrao_urogallus large black Old World grouse
subtype: spruce_grouse__Canachites_canadensis North American grouse that feeds on evergreen buds and needles
subtype: sage_grouse__sage_hen__Centrocercus_urophasianus large grouse of sagebrush regions of North America
subtype: ruffed_grouse__partridge__Bonasa_umbellus valued as a game bird in eastern United States and Canada
subtype: sharp-tailed_grouse__sprigtail__pedioecetesphasianellu large grouse of prairies and open forests of western North America
subtype: prairie_chicken__prairiechicken__prairie_grouse__prairiegrouse__prairie_fowl__prairiefowl brown mottled North American grouse of western prairies
subtype: greater_prairie_chicken__Tympanuchus_cupido the most common variety of prairie chicken
subtype: lesser_prairie_chicken__Tympanuchus_pallidicinctus a smaller prairie chicken of Western Texas
subtype: heath_hen__Tympanuchus_cupido_cupido extinct prairie chicken
subtype: phasianid a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae
subtype: pheasant large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere
subtype: ring-necked_pheasant__Phasianus_colchicus common pheasant having bright plumage and a white neck ring
subtype: afropavo__Congo_peafowl__Afropavo_congensis both sexes are brightly colored
subtype: argus_pheasant__arguspheasant__argus__argu large brilliantly patterned East Indian pheasant
subtype: golden_pheasant__Chrysolophus_pictus brightly colored crested pheasant of mountains of western and central Asia
subtype: monal__monaul brilliantly colored south Asian pheasant
subtype: peafowl__bird_of_Juno very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird
subtype: peachick a young peafowl
subtype: peacock male peafowl; having a crested head and very large fanlike tail marked with iridescent eyes or spots
subtype: peahen female peafowl
subtype: blue_peafowl__Pavo_cristatus peafowl of India and Ceylon
subtype: green_peafowl__greenpeafowl__Pavo_muticus peafowl of southeast Asia
subtype: tragopan brilliantly colored Asian pheasant having wattles and two fleshy processes on the head
subtype: quail small gallinaceous game birds
subtype: bobwhite_quail__bobwhite__partridge a popular North American game bird; named for its call
subtype: northern_bobwhite__Colinus_virginianus a favorite game bird of eastern and central United States
subtype: Old_World_quail small game bird with a rounded body and small tail
subtype: migratory_quail__migratoryquail__Coturnix_coturnix__Coturnix_communis the typical Old World quail
subtype: California_quail__Lofortyx_californicus plump chunky bird of coastal California and Oregon
subtype: partridge small Old World gallinaceous game birds
subtype: Hungarian_partridge__gray_partridge__Perdix_perdix common European partridge
subtype: red-legged_partridge__Alectoris_ruffa common western European partridge with red legs
subtype: Greek_partridge__rock_partridge__Alectoris_graeca of mountainous areas of southern Europe
subtype: mountain_quail__mountain_partridge__Oreortyx_picta_palmeri California partridge; slightly larger than the California quail
subtype: tinamou__partridge heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird resembling a gallinaceous bird but related to the ratite birds
subtype: guan any of several large turkey-like game birds of the family Cracidae; native to jungles of tropical America; resembling the curassows and valued as food
subtype: piping_guan a kind of guan
subtype: curassow large crested arboreal game bird of warm parts of the Americas having long legs and tails; highly esteemed as game and food
subtype: chachalaca slender arboreal guan resembling a wild turkey; native to Central America and Mexico; highly regarded as game birds
subtype: Texas_chachalaca__Ortilis_vetula_macalli of Mexico and Texas
subtype: megapode__moundbird__mound_builder__moundbuilder__scrub_fowl__scrubfowl large-footed short-winged birds of Australasia; build mounds of decaying vegetation to incubate eggs
subtype: mallee_fowl__leipoa__lowan__Leipoa_ocellata Australian moundbird; incubates eggs naturally in sandy mounds
subtype: mallee_hen adult female mallee fowl
subtype: brush_turkey__brushturkey__Alectura_lathami black megapode of wooded regions of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: Macrocephalon_maleo__maleo Celebes megapode that lays eggs in holes in sandy beaches
subtype: hoatzin__hoactzin__stinkbird__Opisthocomus_hoazin crested ill-smelling South American bird whose young have claws on the first and second digits of the wings
subtype: columbiform_bird__columbiformbird cosmopolitan order of land birds having small heads and short legs with four unwebbed toes
subtype: Raphus_cucullatus__dodo extinct heavy flightless bird of Mauritius related to pigeons
subtype: Pezophaps_solitaria__solitaire extinct flightless bird related to the dodo
subtype: pigeon wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs
subtype: pouter_pigeon__pouter one of a breed of pigeon that enlarge their crop until their breast is puffed out
subtype: dove any of numerous small pigeons
subtype: turtledove any of several Old World wild doves
subtype: Streptopelia_turtur the common European wild dove noted for its plaintive cooing
subtype: ringdove__Streptopelia_risoria grayish Old World turtledove with a black band around the neck; often caged
subtype: Australian_turtledove__turtledove__Stictopelia_cuneata small Australian dove
subtype: mourning_dove__Zenaidura_macroura wild dove of the United States having a mournful call
subtype: rock_dove__rock_pigeon__Columba_livia pale gray Eurasian pigeon having black-striped wings from which most domestic species are descended
subtype: band-tailed_pigeon__band-tail_pigeon__bandtail__Columba_fasciata wild pigeon of western North America; often mistaken for the now extinct passenger pigeon
subtype: wood_pigeon__ringdove__cushat__Columba_palumbus Eurasian pigeon with white patches on wings and neck
subtype: domestic_pigeon domesticated pigeon raised for sport or food
subtype: fairy_swallow__fairyswallow fancy domestic pigeon having blue-and-white plumage and heavily muffed feet
subtype: tumbler_pigeon__tumblerpigeon__roller__tumbler pigeon that executes backward somersaults in flight or on the ground
subtype: homing_pigeon__homer pigeon trained to return home
subtype: carrier_pigeon__carrierpigeon a homing pigeon used to carry messages
subtype: squab an unfledged pigeon
subtype: passenger_pigeon__passengerpigeon__Ectopistes_migratorius gregarious North American migratory pigeon now extinct
subtype: sandgrouse__sand_grouse pigeon-like bird of arid regions of the Old World having long pointed wings and tail and precocial downy young
subtype: painted_sandgrouse__paintedsandgrouse__Pterocles_indicus sandgrouse of India
subtype: pin-tailed_sandgrouse__pin-tailed_grouse__Pterocles_alchata sandgrouse of Europe and Africa having elongated middle tail feathers
subtype: pallas's_sandgrouse__Syrrhaptes_paradoxus Eurasiatic sandgrouse with a black patch on the belly
subtype: parrot usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds
subtype: popinjay archaic
subtype: poll_parrot__poll a tame parrot
subtype: African_gray__Psittacus_erithacus commonly domesticated gray parrot with red-and-black tail and white face; native to equatorial Africa
subtype: amazon mainly green tropical American parrots
subtype: macaw long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots
subtype: kea__Nestor_notabilis large brownish-green New Zealand parrot
subtype: cockatoo white or light-colored crested parrot of the Australian region; often kept as cage birds
subtype: sulphur-crested_cockatoo__sulphurcrestedcockatoo__Kakatoe_galerita__Cacatua_galerita white cockatoo with a yellow erectile crest
subtype: pink_cockatoo__Kakatoe_leadbeateri white Australian cockatoo with roseate tinged plumage
subtype: cockateel__cockatiel__cockatooparrot__Nymphicus_hollandicus small gray Australian parrot with a yellow crested head
subtype: lovebird small African parrot noted for showing affection for their mates
subtype: lory small brightly colored Australasian parrots having a brush-tipped tongue for feeding on nectar and soft fruits
subtype: lorikeet any of various small lories
subtype: varied_Lorikeet__Glossopsitta_versicolor lorikeet with a colorful coat
subtype: rainbow_lorikeet__rainbowlorikeet__Trichoglossus_moluccanus a kind of lorikeet
subtype: parakeet__parrakeet__parroket__paraquet__paroquet__parroquet any of numerous small slender long-tailed parrots
subtype: Carolina_parakeet__Conuropsis_carolinensis extinct parakeet whose range extended far into the United States
subtype: budgerigar__budgereegah__budgie__grass_parakeet__grassparakeet__lovebird__shell_parakeet__shellparakeet__Melopsittacus_undulatus small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors
subtype: ring-necked_parakeet__Psittacula_krameri African parakeet
subtype: cuculiform_bird birds having zygodactyl feet (except for the touracos)
subtype: cuckoo any of numerous European and North American birds having pointed wings and a long tail
subtype: European_cuckoo__Cuculus_canorus common European cuckoo having a distinctive two-note call; lays eggs in the nests of other birds
subtype: black-billed_cuckoo__Coccyzus_erythropthalmus North American cuckoo; builds a nest and rears its own young
subtype: roadrunner__chaparral_cock__chaparralcock__Geococcyx_californianus speedy largely terrestrial bird found from California and Mexico to Texas
subtype: ani black tropical American cuckoo
subtype: coucal Old World ground-living cuckoo having a long dagger-like hind claw
subtype: crow_pheasant__Centropus_sinensis common coucal of India and China
subtype: pheasant_coucal__pheasant_cuckoo__Centropus_phasianinus Australian bird with a tail like a pheasant
subtype: touraco__turaco__turacou__turakoo large brightly crested bird of Africa
subtype: coraciiform_bird__coraciiformbird chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes
subtype: roller.coraciiform_bird Old World bird that tumbles or rolls in flight; related to kingfishers
subtype: European_roller__Coracias_garrulus common European blue-and-green roller with a reddish-brown back
subtype: ground_roller Madagascan roller with terrestrial and crepuscular habits that feeds on e.g. insects and worms
subtype: kingfisher nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish
subtype: Eurasian_kingfisher__Alcedo_atthis small kingfisher with greenish-blue and orange plumage
subtype: belted_kingfisher__Ceryle_alcyon grayish-blue North American kingfisher with a chestnut band on its chest
subtype: kookaburra__laughing_jackass__Dacelo_gigas Australian kingfisher having a loud cackling cry
subtype: bee_eater__beeeater colorful chiefly tropical Old World bird having a strong graceful flight; feeds on especially bees
subtype: hornbill bird of tropical Africa and Asia having a very large bill surmounted by a bony protuberance; related to kingfishers
subtype: hoopoe__hoopoo any of several crested Old World birds with a slender down-curving bill
subtype: Euopean_hoopoe__Upupa_epops pinkish-brown hoopoe with black-and-white wings
subtype: wood_hoopoe tropical African bird having metallic blackish plumage but no crest
subtype: motmot__momot tropical American bird resembling a blue jay and having greenish and bluish plumage
subtype: tody tiny insectivorous West Indian bird having red-and-green plumage and a long straight bill
subtype: apodiform_bird__apodiformbird nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight
subtype: swift small plain-colored bird that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight
subtype: European_swift__Apus_apus common European bird with a shrieking call that nests chiefly about eaves of buildings or on cliffs
subtype: chimney_swift__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Chateura_pelagica American swift that nests in e.g. unused chimneys
subtype: swiftlet__Collocalia_inexpectata swift of eastern Asia; produces the edible bird's nest
subtype: tree_swift__crested_swift__crestedswift birds of southeast Asia and East Indies differing from true swifts in having upright crests and nesting in trees
subtype: hummingbird tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight
subtype: Archilochus_colubris a kind of hummingbird
subtype: thornbill any of various South American hummingbirds with a sharp pointed bill
subtype: caprimulgiform_bird long-winged nonpasserine birds
subtype: goatsucker__nightjar__caprimulgid mainly crepuscular or nocturnal nonpasserine birds with mottled grayish-brown plumage and large eyes; feed on insects
subtype: European_goatsucker__European_nightjar__Caprimulgus_europaeus Old World goatsucker
subtype: chuck-will's-widow__Caprimulgus_carolinensis large whippoorwill-like bird of the southern United States
subtype: whippoorwill__Caprimulgus_vociferus American nocturnal goatsucker with gray-and-white plumage
subtype: nighthawk__bullbat__mosquito_hawk mainly nocturnal North American goatsucker
subtype: poorwill__Phalaenoptilus_nuttallii goatsucker of western North America
subtype: frogmouth insectivorous bird of Australia and southeastern Asia having a wide frog-like mouth
subtype: oilbird__guacharo__Steatornis_caripensis nocturnal fruit-eating bird of South America that has fatty young yielding an oil that is used instead of butter
subtype: piciform_bird any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood
subtype: woodpecker__peckerwood__pecker bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects
subtype: green_woodpecker__greenwoodpecker__Picus_viridis woodpecker of Europe and western Asia
subtype: downy_woodpecked__downywoodpecked small North American woodpecker with black and white plumage and a small bill
subtype: flicker North American woodpecker
subtype: yellow-shafted_flicker__Colaptes_auratus__yellowhammer large flicker of eastern North America with a red neck and yellow undersurface to wings and tail
subtype: gilded_flicker__Colaptes_chrysoides southwestern United States bird like the yellow-shafted flicker but lacking the red neck
subtype: red-shafted_flicker__redshaftedflicker__Colaptes_caper_collaris western United States bird with red undersurface to wings and tail
subtype: ivorybill__ivory-billed_woodpecker__Campephilus_principalis large black-and-white woodpecker of southern United States and Cuba having an ivory bill; nearly extinct
subtype: redheaded_woodpecker__redheadedwoodpecker__redhead__melanerpeserythrocephalu black-and-white North American woodpecker having a red head and neck
subtype: sapsucker small American woodpecker that feeds on sap from e.g. apple and maple trees
subtype: yellow-bellied_sapsucker__Sphyrapicus_varius eastern North American sapsucker having a pale yellow abdomen
subtype: red-breasted_sapsucker__Sphyrapicus_varius_ruber western North American sapsucker
subtype: wryneck Old World woodpecker with a peculiar habit of twisting the neck
subtype: piculet small woodpeckers of South America and Africa and East Indies having soft rounded tail feathers
subtype: barbet small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings
subtype: puffbird brownish tropical American bird having a large head with fluffed out feathers
subtype: honey_guide__honeyguide small bird of tropical Africa and Asia; feeds on beeswax and honey and larvae
subtype: jacamar tropical American insectivorous bird having a long sharp bill and iridescent green or bronze plumage
subtype: toucan brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak
subtype: toucanet small toucan
subtype: trogon forest bird of warm regions of the New World having brilliant lustrous plumage and long tails
subtype: quetzal_bird__quetzalbird__quetzal large trogon of Central and South America having golden-green and scarlet plumage
subtype: resplendent_quetzel__resplendentquetzel__resplendent_trogon__resplendenttrogon__Pharomacrus_mocino very rare Central American bird; the national bird of Guatemala
subtype: aquatic_bird__aquaticbird wading and swimming and diving birds of either fresh or salt water
subtype: waterfowl__water_bird__waterbird__waterbird freshwater aquatic bird
subtype: anseriform_bird chiefly web-footed swimming birds
subtype: duck small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs
subtype: drake adult male of a wild or domestic duck
subtype: quack-quack child's word for a duck
subtype: duckling young duck
subtype: diving_duck any of various ducks of especially bays and estuaries that dive for their food
subtype: dabbling_duck__dabbler any of numerous shallow-water ducks that feed by upending and dabbling
subtype: mallard__Anas_platyrhynchos wild dabbling duck from which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed
subtype: black_duck__blackduck__Anas_rubripes dusky black duck of northeastern United States and Canada
subtype: teal any of various small short-necked dabbling river ducks of Europe and America
subtype: greenwing__green-winged_teal__Anas_crecca common teal of Eurasia and North America
subtype: bluewing__blue-winged_teal__Anas_discors American teal
subtype: garganey__Anas_querquedula small Eurasian teal
subtype: widgeon__wigeon__Anas_penelope freshwater duck of Eurasia and North Africa related to mallards and teals
subtype: American_widgeon__baldpate__Anas_americana American widgeon the male of which has a white crown
subtype: Anas_clypeata__shoveler__shoveller__broadbill freshwater duck of the northern hemisphere having a broad flat bill
subtype: pintail__pin-tailed_duck__Anas_acuta long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers
subtype: sheldrake Old World gooselike duck slightly larger than a mallard with variegated mostly black-and-white plumage and a red bill
subtype: shelduck female sheldrake
subtype: ruddy_duck__ruddyduck__oxyurajamaicensi reddish-brown stiff-tailed duck of North America and and northern South America
subtype: bufflehead__butterball__dipper__Bucephela_albeola small North American diving duck; males have bushy head plumage
subtype: goldeneye__whistler__Bucephela_clangula large-headed swift-flying diving duck of arctic regions
subtype: Barrow's_goldeneye__Bucephala_islandica North American goldeneye diving duck
subtype: canvasback_duck__canvasback__Aythya_valisineria North American wild duck valued for sport and food
subtype: pochard__Aythya_ferina heavy-bodied Old World diving duck having a gray-and-black body and reddish head
subtype: Aythya_americana__redhead North American diving duck with a gray-and-black body and reddish-brown head
subtype: scaup_duck__scaupduck__bluebill__broadbill diving ducks of North America having a bluish-gray bill
subtype: greater_scaup__greaterscaup__Aythya_marila large scaup of North America having a greenish iridescence on the head of the male
subtype: lesser_scaup_duck__lesser_scaup__lake_duck__Aythya_affinis common scaup of North America; males have purplish heads
subtype: wild_duck an undomesticated duck (especially a mallard)
subtype: wood_duck__summer_duck__wood_widgeon__Aix_sponsa showy North American duck that nests in hollow trees
subtype: wood_drake male wood duck
subtype: mandarin_duck__Aix_galericulata showy crested Asiatic duck; often domesticated
subtype: muscovy_duck__muscovyduck__muskduck__Cairina_moschata large crested wild duck of Central and South America; widely domesticated
subtype: sea_duck__seaduck any of various large diving ducks found along the seacoast: eider; scoter; merganser
subtype: eider_duck__eiderduck duck of the northern hemisphere much valued for the fine soft down of the females
subtype: scoter__scooter large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
subtype: common_scoter__Melanitta_nigra a variety of scoter
subtype: old_squaw__oldsquaw__oldwife__clangulahyemali a common long-tailed sea duck of the northern parts of the United States
subtype: merganser__fish_duck__sawbill large crested fish-eating diving duck having a slender hooked bill with serrated edges
subtype: goosander__Mergus_merganser common merganser of Europe and North America
subtype: American_merganser__Mergus_merganser_americanus common North American diving duck considered a variety of the European goosander
subtype: red-breasted_merganser__Mergus_serrator widely distributed merganser of America and Europe
subtype: smew__Mergus_albellus smallest merganser and most expert diver; found in northern Eurasia
subtype: hooded_merganser__hooded_sheldrake__Lophodytes_cucullatus small North American duck with a high circular crest on the male's head
subtype: goose web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks
subtype: gosling young goose
subtype: gander mature male goose
subtype: Chinese_goose__Anser_cygnoides very large wild goose of northeast Asia; interbreeds freely with the graylag
subtype: graylag__greylag__greylag_goose__greylaggoose__Anser_anser common gray wild goose of Europe; ancestor of many domestic breeds
subtype: blue_goose__Chen_caerulescens North American wild goose having dark plumage in summer but white in winter
subtype: snow_goose blue goose in the white color phase
subtype: brant_goose__brantgoose__brant__brent__brent_goose__brentgoose small dark geese that breed in the north and migrate southward
subtype: common_brant_goose__Branta_bernicla the best known variety of brant goose
subtype: Canada_goose__honker__Canadian_goose__Branta_canadensis common grayish-brown wild goose of North America
subtype: barnacle_goose__barnacle__Branta_leucopsis European goose smaller than the brant; breeds in the far north
subtype: screamer gooselike aquatic bird of South America having a harsh trumpeting call
subtype: horned_screamer__Anhima_cornuta screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead
subtype: crested_screamer__crestedscreamer distinguished from the horned screamer by a feathery crest on the back of the head
subtype: chaja__Chauna_torquata largest crested screamer; naive to southern Brazil and Argentina
subtype: swan stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult
subtype: coscoroba large white South American bird intermediate in some respects between ducks and swans
subtype: cob adult male swan
subtype: pen.swan female swan
subtype: cygnet a young swan
subtype: mute_swan__Cygnus_olor soundless Eurasian swan; commonly domesticated
subtype: whooper_swan__whooperswan__whooper__Cygnus_cygnus common Old World swan noted for its whooping call
subtype: tundra_swan__Cygnus_columbianus swan that nests in tundra regions of the New and Old Worlds
subtype: whistling_swan__whistlingswan__cygnuscolumbianuscolumbianu North American subspecies of tundra swan having a soft whistling note
subtype: Bewick's_swan__Cygnus_columbianus_bewickii Eurasian subspecies of tundra swan; smaller than the whooper
subtype: trumpeter_swan__trumpeterswan__trumpeter__Cygnus_buccinator large pure white wild swan of western North America having a sonorous cry
subtype: black_swan__blackswan__Cygnus_atratus large Australian swan having black plumage and a red bill
subtype: wading_bird__wader any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food
subtype: stork large mostly Old World wading birds typically having white-and-black plumage
subtype: white_stork__whitestork__Ciconia_ciconia the common stork of Europe; white with black wing feathers and a red bill
subtype: black_stork__blackstork__Ciconia_nigra Old World stork that is glossy black above and white below
subtype: adjutant_bird__adjutant__adjutant_stork__Leptoptilus_dubius large Indian stork with a military gait
subtype: marabou_stork__maraboustork__marabou__marabout__Leptoptilus_crumeniferus large African black-and-white carrion-eating stork; downy under-wing feathers are used to trim garments
subtype: openbill stork with a grooved bill whose upper and lower parts touch only at the base and tip
subtype: jabiru__Jabiru_mycteria large white stork of warm regions of the world especially America
subtype: saddlebill__jabiru__Ephippiorhynchus_senegalensis large black-and-white stork of tropical Africa; its red bill has a black band around the middle
subtype: policeman_bird__policemanbird__black-necked_stork__jabiru__Xenorhyncus_asiaticus large mostly white Australian stork
subtype: Mycteria_americana__wood_ibis__wood_stork American stork resembling the true ibises in having a downward-curved bill; inhabits wooded swamps of New World tropics
subtype: shoebill__shoebird__Balaeniceps_rex large stork-like bird of the valley of the White Nile with a broad bill suggesting a wooden shoe
subtype: ibis wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills
subtype: wood_ibis__wood_stork__Ibis_ibis Old World wood ibis
subtype: sacred_ibis__Threskiornis_aethiopica African ibis venerated by ancient Egyptians
subtype: spoonbill wading birds having a long flat bill with a tip like a spoon
subtype: common_spoonbill__Platalea_leucorodia pure white crested spoonbill of southern Eurasia and northeastern Africa
subtype: roseate_spoonbill__roseatespoonbill__Ajaia_ajaja tropical rose-colored New World spoonbill
subtype: flamingo large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes
subtype: heron gray or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill
subtype: great_blue_heron__Ardea_herodius large American heron having bluish-gray plumage
subtype: Ardea_occidentalis__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron large white heron of Florida and the Florida Keys
subtype: egret any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season
subtype: snowy_egret__snowyegret__snowy_heron__snowyheron__Egretta_thula small New World egret
subtype: little_egret__Egretta_garzetta Old World egret
subtype: great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Casmerodius_albus widely distributed Old World white egret
subtype: American_egret__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Egretta_albus the common American egret; a variety of the Old World Casmerodius albus
subtype: cattle_egret__Bubulcus_ibis small white egret widely distributed in warm regions often found around grazing animals
subtype: little_blue_heron__Egretta_caerulea small bluish gray heron of the western hemisphere
subtype: night_heron__nightheron__night_raven__nightraven nocturnal or crepuscular herons
subtype: black-crowned_night_heron__blackcrownednightheron__Nycticorax_nycticorax night heron of both Old and New Worlds
subtype: yellow-crowned_night_heron__Nyctanassa_violacea North American night heron
subtype: boatbill__boat-billed_heron__broadbill__Cochlearius_cochlearius tropical American heron related to night herons
subtype: bittern relatively small compact tawny-brown heron with nocturnal habits and a booming cry; found in marshes
subtype: American_bittern__stake_driver__stakedriver__Botaurus_lentiginosus a kind of bittern
subtype: European_bittern__Botaurus_stellaris a kind of bittern
subtype: least_bittern__leastbittern__Ixobrychus_exilis small American bittern
subtype: crane large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world
subtype: whooping_crane__whooper__Grus_americana rare North American crane having black-and-white plumage and a trumpeting call
subtype: courlan__Aramus_guarauna wading bird of South and Central America
subtype: limpkin__Aramus_pictus wading bird of Florida, Cuba and Jamaica having a drooping bill and a distinctive wailing call
subtype: crested_cariama__crestedcariama__seriema__Cariama_cristata Brazilian cariama; sole representative of the genus Cariama
subtype: chunga__seriema__Chunga_burmeisteri Argentinian cariama
subtype: rail.wading_bird any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud
subtype: weka__maori_hen__maorihen__wood_hen flightless New Zealand rail of thievish disposition having short wings each with a spur used in fighting
subtype: crake any of several short-billed Old World rails
subtype: corncrake__land_rail__Crex_crex common Eurasian rail that frequents grain fields
subtype: spotted_crake__spottedcrake__Porzana_porzana Eurasian rail of swamps and marshes
subtype: notornis__takahe__Notornis_mantelli flightless New Zealand birds similar to gallinules
subtype: coot slaty-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks
subtype: American_coot__marsh_hen__marshhen__mud_hen__mudhen__water_hen__waterhen__Fulica_americana North American coot
subtype: Old_World_coot__Fulica_atra Eurasian coot
subtype: bustard large heavy-bodied chiefly terrestrial game bird capable of powerful swift flight; classified with wading birds but frequents grassy steppes
subtype: great_bustard__greatbustard__Otis_tarda largest European land bird
subtype: plain_turkey__plainturkey__Choriotis_australis popular Australian game bird
subtype: button_quail__bustard_quail__bustardquail__hemipode small quail-like terrestrial bird of southern Eurasia and North Africa that lacks a hind toe; classified with wading birds but inhabits grassy plains
subtype: striped_button_quail__Turnix_sylvatica a variety of button quail having stripes
subtype: ortygan any of several East Indian birds
subtype: plain_wanderer__plainwanderer__pedionomustorquatu small Australian bird related to the button quail; classified as wading bird but inhabits plains
subtype: trumpeter large gregarious forest-dwelling cranelike bird of South America having glossy black plumage and a loud prolonged cry; easily domesticated
subtype: Brazilian_trumpeter__Psophia_crepitans trumpeter of Brazil and Guiana; often kept to protect poultry in Brazil
subtype: shorebird__shore_bird__shorebird__limicoline_bird__limicolinebird any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries
subtype: plover any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers
subtype: piping_plover__Charadrius_melodus small plover of eastern North America
subtype: killdeer_plover__killdeer__kildeer__Charadrius_vociferus American plover of inland waters and fields having a distinctive cry
subtype: dotterel__dotrel__Charadrius_morinellus__Eudromias_morinellus rare plover of upland areas of Eurasia
subtype: golden_plover plovers of Europe and America having the backs marked with golden-yellow spots
subtype: lapwing__green_plover__greenplover__peewit__pewit large crested Old World plover having wattles and spurs
subtype: turnstone migratory shorebirds of the plover family that turn over stones in searching for food
subtype: ruddy_turnstone__ruddyturnstone__Arenaria_interpres common arctic turnstone that winters south to South America and Australia
subtype: black_turnstone__blackturnstone__Arenaria-Melanocephala common turnstone of North American Pacific coast
subtype: sandpiper any of numerous usually small wading birds having a slender bill and piping call; closely related to the plovers
subtype: European_sandpiper__Actitis_hypoleucos a variety of sandpiper
subtype: spotted_sandpiper__spottedsandpiper__Actitis_macularia common North American sandpiper
subtype: least_sandpiper__leastsandpiper__stint__Erolia_minutilla smallest American sandpiper
subtype: red-backed_sandpiper__dunlin__Erolia_alpina small common sandpiper that breeds in northern or arctic regions and winters in southern United States or Mediterranean regions
subtype: greenshank__Tringa_nebularia large European sandpiper with greenish legs
subtype: redshank__Tringa_totanus a common Old World wading bird with long red legs
subtype: yellowlegs either of two North American shorebird with yellow legs
subtype: greater_yellowlegs__Tringa_melanoleuca a variety of yellowlegs
subtype: lesser_yellowlegs__Tringa_flavipes a variety of yellowlegs
subtype: pectoral_sandpiper__jacksnipe__Calidris_melanotos American sandpiper that inflates its chest when courting
subtype: grayback__knot__Calidris_canutus sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and winters in the S hemisphere
subtype: curlew_sandpiper__Calidris_Ferruginea Old World sandpiper with a curved bill like a curlew
subtype: sanderling__Crocethia_alba small sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and migrates south along sandy coasts in most of world
subtype: upland_sandpiper__upland_plover__Bartramian_sandpiper__Bartramia_longicauda large plover-like sandpiper of North American fields and uplands
subtype: Philomachus_pugnax__ruff common Eurasian sandpiper; male has an erectile ruff in breeding season
subtype: reeve female ruff
subtype: tattler any of several long-legged shorebirds having a loud whistling cry
subtype: Polynesian_tattler__Heteroscelus_incanus tattler of Pacific coastal regions
subtype: willet__Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus large North American shorebird of eastern and Gulf coasts
subtype: surfbird__Aphriza_virgata sandpiper-like shorebird of Pacific coasts of North and South America
subtype: woodcock game bird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe
subtype: Eurasian_woodcock__Scolopax_rusticola short-legged long-billed migratory Old World woodcock
subtype: American_woodcock__woodcock_snipe__Philohela_minor small long-billed American woodcock; prized as a game bird
subtype: snipe Old or New World straight-billed game bird of the sandpiper family; of marshy areas; similar to the woodcocks
subtype: whole_snipe__wholesnipe__common_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago common snipe of Eurasia and Africa
subtype: Wilson's_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago_delicata American snipe
subtype: great_snipe__greatsnipe__woodcock_snipe__Gallinago_media Old World snipe larger and darker than the whole snipe
subtype: jacksnipe__half_snipe__Limnocryptes_minima a small short-billed Old World snipe
subtype: dowitcher shorebird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe
subtype: Limnodromus_griseus__grayback a dowitcher with a gray back
subtype: red-breasted_snipe__Limnodromus_scolopaceus a dowitcher with a red breast
subtype: curlew large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family; closely related to woodcocks but having a down-curved bill
subtype: European_curlew__Numenius_arquata common Eurasian curlew
subtype: Eskimo_curlew__Numenius_borealis New World curlew that breeds in northern North America
subtype: godwit large wading bird that resembles a curlew; has a long slightly upturned bill
subtype: Hudsonian_godwit__Limosa_haemastica New World godwit
subtype: Himantopus_stilt__stilt__stiltbird__longlegs__stilt_plover__stiltplover long-legged three-toed black-and-white wading bird of inland ponds and marshes or brackish lagoons
subtype: black-necked_stilt__Himantopus_mexicanus stilt of southwestern United States to northern South America having black plumage extending from the head down the back of the neck
subtype: black-winged_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus stilt of Europe and Africa and Asia having mostly white plumage but with black wings
subtype: white-headed_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus_leucocephalus__himantopushimantopusleucocephalu stilt of the southwest Pacific including Australia and New Zealand having mostly white plumage but with black wings and nape of neck
subtype: kaki__Himantopus_novae-zelandiae blackish stilt of New Zealand sometimes considered a color phase of the white-headed stilt
subtype: Australian_stilt__stilt long-legged three-toed wading bird of brackish marshes of Australia
subtype: banded_stilt__Cladorhyncus_leucocephalum web-footed Australian stilt with reddish-brown pectoral markings
subtype: avocet long-legged web-footed black-and-white shorebird with slender upward-curving bill
subtype: oystercatcher__oyster_catcher black-and-white shorebird with stout legs and bill; feed on oysters etc.
subtype: phalarope small sandpiper-like shorebird having lobate toes and being good swimmers; breed in the arctic and winter in the tropics
subtype: red_phalarope__redphalarope__Phalaropus_fulicarius phalarope of northern oceans and lakes
subtype: northern_phalarope__Lobipes_lobatus breeds in arctic regions of Old and New worlds; large flocks often seen far out at sea
subtype: Wilson's_phalarope__Steganopus_tricolor breeds on the northern great plains of Canada
subtype: pratincole__glareole Old World shorebird with long pointed wings and short legs; closely related to the coursers
subtype: courser swift-footed terrestrial plover-like bird of southern Asia and Africa
subtype: cream-colored_courser__creamcoloredcourser__Cursorius_cursor courser of desert and semidesert regions of the Old World
subtype: crocodile_bird__crocodilebird__Pluvianus_aegyptius African courser that feeds on insect parasites on crocodiles
subtype: stone_curlew__stonecurlew__thick-knee__thickknee__Burhinus_oedicnemus large-headed large-eyed crepuscular or nocturnal shorebird of the Old World and tropical America having a thickened knee joint
subtype: gallinule__marsh_hen__marshhen__water_hen__waterhen__swamphen any of various small aquatic birds of the genus Gallinula distinguished from rails by a frontal shield and a resemblance to domestic hens
subtype: Florida_gallinule__Gallinula_chloropus_cachinnans North American dark bluish-gray gallinule
subtype: Gallinula_chloropus__moorhen black gallinule that inhabits ponds and lakes
subtype: purple_gallinule gallinules with showy purplish plumage
subtype: European_gallinule__Porphyrio_porphyrio__porphyrioporphyrio purple gallinule of southern Europe
subtype: American_gallinule__Porphyrula_martinica American purple gallinule
subtype: seabird__sea_bird__seabird__seafowl a bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.
subtype: coastal_diving_bird gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family
subtype: larid long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family
subtype: sea_gull__seagull__seagull mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs
subtype: mew_gull__mewgull__sea_mew__Larus_canus the common gull of Eurasia and northeastern North America
subtype: great_black-backed_gull__black-backed_gull__cob__larusmarinu white gull having a black back and wings
subtype: herring_gull__herringgull__Larus_argentatus large gull of the northern hemisphere
subtype: laughing_gull__blackcap__pewit__pewit_gull__pewitgull__Larus_ridibundus small black-headed European gull
subtype: ivory_gull__ivorygull__Pagophila_eburnea white arctic gull; migrates as far south as England and New Brunswick
subtype: kittiwake small pearl-gray gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe
subtype: tern small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail
subtype: sea_swallow__seaswallow__Sterna_hirundo common tern of Eurasia and America having white black and gray plumage
subtype: skimmer gull-like seabird that flies along the surface of the water with an elongated lower mandible immersed to skim out food
subtype: jaeger rapacious seabird that pursues weaker birds to make them drop their prey
subtype: parasitic_jaeger__parasiticjaeger__arctic_skua__Stercorarius_parasiticus a variety of jaeger
subtype: skua__bonxie gull-like jaeger of northern seas
subtype: great_skua__greatskua__catharactaskua large brown skua of the North Atlantic
subtype: auk black-and-white short-necked web-footed diving bird of northern seas
subtype: auklet any of several small auks of north Pacific coasts
subtype: razorbill__razor-billed_auk__Alca_torda black-and-white North Atlantic auk having a compressed sharp-edged bill
subtype: little_auk__dovekie__plautusalle small short-billed auk abundant in arctic regions
subtype: great_auk__greatauk__Pinguinus_impennis large large flightless auk of rocky islands off North Atlantic coast; extinct
subtype: guillemot small black or brown speckled auks of northern seas
subtype: black_guillemot__blackguillemot__Cepphus_grylle North Atlantic guillemot
subtype: pigeon_guillemot__Cepphus_columba North Pacific guillemot
subtype: murre black-and-white diving bird of northern seas
subtype: common_murre__Uria_aalge the most frequent variety of murre
subtype: thick-billed_murre__Uria_lomvia a variety of murre
subtype: puffin any of two genera of northern seabirds having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills
subtype: Atlantic_puffin__Fratercula_arctica common puffin of the North Atlantic
subtype: horned_puffin__Fratercula_corniculata N Pacific puffin
subtype: tufted_puffin__Lunda_cirrhata N Pacific puffin having a large yellow plume over each eye
subtype: gaviiform_seabird__gaviiformseabird seabirds of the order Gaviiformes
subtype: loon.gaviiform_seabird__diver large somewhat primitive fish-eating diving bird of the northern hemisphere having webbed feet placed far back; related to the grebes
subtype: podicipitiform_seabird aquatic birds related to the loons
subtype: grebe small compact-bodied almost completely aquatic bird that builds floating nests; similar to loons but smaller and with lobate rather than webbed feet
subtype: great_crested_grebe__greatcrestedgrebe__Podiceps_cristatus large Old World grebe with black ear tufts
subtype: red-necked_grebe__Podiceps_grisegena large stocky grebe of circumpolar regions having a dark neck
subtype: black-necked_grebe__eared_grebe__Podiceps_nigricollis small grebe with yellow ear tufts and a black neck; found in Eurasia and southern Africa as well as western United States
subtype: dabchick__little_grebe__Podiceps_ruficollis small European grebe
subtype: pied-billed_grebe__Podilymbus_podiceps American grebe having a black-banded whitish bill
subtype: pelecaniform_seabird large fish-eating seabird with four-toed webbed feet
subtype: pelican large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish
subtype: white_pelican__whitepelican__Pelecanus_erythrorhynchos large American pelican; white with black wing feathers
subtype: Old_world_white_pelican__Pelecanus_onocrotalus similar to American white pelican
subtype: frigate_bird__frigatebird__manofwarbird long-billed warm-water seabird with wide wingspan and forked tail
subtype: gannet large heavily built seabird with a long stout bill noted for its plunging dives for fish
subtype: solan_goose__solangoose__solan__solant_goose__Sula_bassana very large white gannet with black wing tips
subtype: booby small tropical gannet having a bright bill or bright feet or both
subtype: cormorant__phalacrocoraxcarbo large voracious dark-colored long-necked seabird with a distensible pouch for holding fish; used in Asia to catch fish
subtype: snakebird__anhinga__darter fish-eating bird of warm inland waters having a long flexible neck and slender sharp-pointed bill
subtype: water_turkey__waterturkey__Anhinga_anhinga blackish New World snakebird of swampy regions
subtype: tropic_bird__boatswain_bird__boatswainbird mostly white web-footed tropical seabird often found far from land
subtype: sphenisciform_seabird__sphenisciformseabird flightless cold-water seabirds: penguins
subtype: penguin short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers
subtype: Adelie_penguin__Adelie__Pygoscelis_adeliae medium-sized penguins occurring in large colonies on the Adelie coast of Antarctica
subtype: king_penguin__Aptenodytes_patagonica large penguin on islands bordering the Antarctic Circle
subtype: emperor_penguin__emperorpenguin__Aptenodytes_forsteri the largest penguin; an Antarctic penguin
subtype: jackass_penguin__jackasspenguin__Spheniscus_demersus small penguin of South America and southern Africa with a braying call
subtype: rock_hopper__crested_penguin__crestedpenguin small penguin of the Falkland Islands and New Zealand
subtype: pelagic_bird__pelagicbird__oceanic_bird__oceanicbird bird of the open seas
subtype: procellariiform_seabird__procellariiformseabird large long-winged bird with hooked bill and tubular nostrils that wanders the open seas
subtype: mollymawk__albatross__albatros large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight
subtype: wandering_albatross__wanderingalbatros__Diomedea_exulans very large albatross; white with wide black wings
subtype: black-footed_albatross__gooney__gooney_bird__goonie__goony__Diomedea_nigripes a variety of albatross with black feet
subtype: petrel relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land
subtype: white-chinned_petrel__whitechinnedpetrel__Procellaria_aequinoctialis large black petrel of southern seas having a white mark on the chin
subtype: giant_petrel__giantpetrel__giantfulmar__macronectesgiganteu large brownish petrel chiefly of Antarctic seas
subtype: fulmar_petrel__fulmar__Fulmarus_glacialis heavy short-tailed oceanic bird of polar regions
subtype: shearwater long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves
subtype: Manx_shearwater__Puffinus_puffinus small black-and-white shearwater common in the eastern North Atlantic
subtype: storm_petrel__stormpetrel any of various small petrels having dark plumage with paler underparts
subtype: stormy_petrel__northern_storm_petrel__Hydrobates_pelagicus sooty black petrel with white markings; of the north Atlantic and Mediterranean
subtype: Mother_Carey's_chicken__Mother_Carey's_hen__Oceanites_oceanicus medium-sized storm petrel
subtype: diving_petrel any of several small diving birds of S hemisphere seas; somewhat resemble auks
subtype: twitterer a bird that twitters
subtype: amphibian cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form
subtype: Hynerpeton_bassetti fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs; found in Pennsylvania
subtype: Ichyostega early tetrapod amphibian found in Greenland
subtype: urodele amphibians that resemble lizards
subtype: salamander any of various typically terrestrial amphibians that resemble lizards and that return to water only to breed
subtype: European_fire_salamander__Salamandra_salamandra a kind of European salamander
subtype: fire_salamander__spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Salamandra_maculosa European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots
subtype: alpine_salamander__Salamandra_atra ovoviviparous amphibian of the Alps
subtype: newt__triton small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and North Asia
subtype: common_newt__Triturus_vulgaris small semiaquatic salamander
subtype: red_eft__redeft__Notophthalmus_viridescens red terrestrial form of a common North American newt
subtype: Pacific_newt any of several rough-skinned newts found in western North America
subtype: rough-skinned_newt__roughskinnednewt__Taricha_granulosa newt of humid coast from Alaska to southern California
subtype: California_newt__Taricha_torosa newt that is similar to Taricha granulosa in characteristics and habitat
subtype: eft a newt in its terrestrial stage of development
subtype: ambystomid_salamander__ambystomid small to moderate-sized terrestrial or semiaquatic New World salamander
subtype: mole_salamander__Ambystoma_talpoideum brownish-black burrowing salamander of southeastern United States
subtype: spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Ambystoma_maculatum glossy black North American salamander with yellow spots
subtype: tiger_salamander__tigersalamander__Ambystoma_tigrinum widely distributed brown or black North American salamander with vertical yellowish blotches
subtype: axolotl__mud_puppy__Ambystoma_mexicanum larval salamander of mountain lakes of Mexico that usually lives without metamorphosing
subtype: waterdog any of several large aquatic salamanders
subtype: hellbender__mud_puppy__Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis large salamander of North American rivers and streams
subtype: giant_salamander__giantsalamander__megalobatrachusmaximu large (up to more than three feet) edible salamander of Asia
subtype: olm__Proteus_anguinus European cave-dwelling aquatic salamander with permanent external gills
subtype: mud_puppy__Necturus_maculosus aquatic North American salamander with red feathery external gills
subtype: dicamptodon__dicamptodontid salamanders found near cold streams throughout the year
subtype: Pacific_giant_salamander__Dicamptodon_ensatus large (to 7 inches) salamander of western North America
subtype: olympic_salamander__olympicsalamander__Rhyacotriton_olympicus small large-eyed semiaquatic salamander of the United States northwest
subtype: lungless_salamander__plethodont mostly terrestrial salamanders that breathe through their thin moist skin; lay eggs in moist places on land; rarely enter water
subtype: eastern_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_cinereus common salamander of eastern North America
subtype: western_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_vehiculum salamander of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: dusky_salamander__duskysalamander common North American salamander mottled with dull brown or grayish-black
subtype: climbing_salamander any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes
subtype: arboreal_salamander__Aneides_lugubris yellow-spotted brown salamander of California woodlands
subtype: slender_salamander__slendersalamander__worm_salamander any of several small slim salamanders of the United States Pacific coast
subtype: web-toed_salamander any of several salamanders with webbed toes and very long extensile tongues; excellent climbers that move with ease over smooth rock surfaces
subtype: Shasta_salamander__Hydromantes_shastae primarily a cave dweller in the Mount Shasta area
subtype: limestone_salamander__limestonesalamander__hydromantesbrunu similar to Shasta salamander; lives in cliff crevices and taluses
subtype: amphiuma__congo_snake__congo_eel__congoeel__blind_eel__blindeel aquatic eel-shaped salamander having two pairs of very small feet; of still muddy waters in the southern United States
subtype: siren eel-like aquatic North American salamander with small forelimbs and no hind limbs; have permanent external gills
subtype: toad__frog__toadfrog__anuran__batrachian__salientian any of various tailless stout-bodied amphibians with long hind limbs for leaping; semiaquatic and terrestrial species
subtype: true_frog__ranid insectivorous usually semiaquatic web-footed amphibian with smooth moist skin and long hind legs
subtype: woodfrog__Rana_sylvatica wide-ranging light-brown frog of moist North American woodlands especially spruce
subtype: leopard_frog__leopardfrog__spring_frog__Rana_pipiens common North American green or brownish frog having white-edged dark oval spots
subtype: bullfrog__Rana_catesbeiana largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice
subtype: green_frog__greenfrog__spring_frog__Rana_clamitans similar to bullfrog; found in or near marshes and ponds; of United States and Canada
subtype: cascades_frog__Rana_cascadae mountain frog found near water; of United States northwest to California
subtype: goliath_frog__goliathfrog__Rana_goliath largest living frog; up to a foot and weighing up to 10 lbs; Africa
subtype: pickerel_frog__Rana_palustris a meadow frog of eastern North America
subtype: tarahumara_frog__Rana_tarahumarae Mexican frog found within a jump of two or water
subtype: grass_frog__grassfrog__Rana_temporaria a common semiterrestrial European frog
subtype: leptodactylid_frog__leptodactylidfrog__leptodactylid toothed frogs: terrestrial or aquatic or arboreal
subtype: robber_frog small terrestrial frog of tropical America
subtype: barking_frog__barkingfrog__robber_frog__Hylactophryne_augusti of southwest United States and Mexico; call is like a dog's bark
subtype: crapaud__South_American_bullfrog__Leptodactylus_pentadactylus large toothed frog of South and Central America resembling the bullfrog
subtype: tree_frog__treefrog any of various Old World arboreal frogs distinguished from true frogs by adhesive suckers on the toes
subtype: tailed_frog__bell_toad__ribbed_toad__tailed_toad__Ascaphus_trui western North American frog with a tail-like copulatory organ
subtype: Liopelma_hamiltoni primitive New Zealand frog with four unwebbed toes on forefeet and five on hind feet
subtype: true_toad tailless amphibian similar to a frog but more terrestrial and having drier warty skin
subtype: bufo any toad of the genus Bufo
subtype: agua_toad__agua__Bufo_marinus largest known toad species; native to Central America; valuable destroyer of insect pests
subtype: European_toad__Bufo_bufo common toad of Europe
subtype: natterjack__Bufo_calamita common brownish-yellow short-legged toad of western Europe; runs rather than hops
subtype: American_toad__Bufo_americanus common toad of America
subtype: Eurasian_green_toad__Bufo_viridis Eurasian toad with variable chiefly green coloring
subtype: American_green_toad__Bufo_debilis small green or yellow-green toad with small black bars and stripes
subtype: Yosemite_toad__Bufo_canorus of high Sierra Nevada meadows and forest borders
subtype: Texas_toad__Bufo_speciosus nocturnal burrowing toad of mesquite woodland and prairies of the United States southwest
subtype: southwestern_toad__Bufo_microscaphus a uniformly warty stocky toad of washes and streams of semiarid southwestern United States
subtype: western_toad__westerntoad__Bufo_boreas of a great variety of habitats from southern Alaska to Baja California west of the Rockies
subtype: obstetrical_toad__obstetricaltoad__midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_obstetricans European toad whose male carries the fertilized eggs wrapped around its hind legs until they hatch
subtype: midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_cisternasi similar in habit to Alytes obstetricians
subtype: fire-bellied_toad__Bombina_bombina toad of central and eastern Europe having red or orange patches on its underside
subtype: spadefoot_toad__spadefoottoad__spadefoot burrowing toad of the northern hemisphere with a horny spade-like projection on each hind foot
subtype: western_spadefoot__westernspadefoot__Scaphiopus_hammondii of California
subtype: southern_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_multiplicatus of the United States southwest
subtype: plains_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_bombifrons of plains and hills and river bottoms in areas of low rainfall east of the Rocky Mountains
subtype: tree_toad__tree_frog arboreal amphibians usually having adhesive disks at the tip of each toe; of southeast Asia and Australia and America
subtype: spring_peeper__Hyla_crucifer small brown tree toad having a shrill call heard near wetlands of eastern United States and Canada in early spring
subtype: Pacific_tree_toad__Hyla_regilla most commonly heard frog on the Pacific coast of America
subtype: canyon_treefrog__Hyla_arenicolor small chiefly ground dweller that stays within easy jumping distance of water; of United States southwest and northern Mexico
subtype: chameleon_tree_frog a form of tree toad
subtype: cricket_frog__cricketfrog either of two frogs with a clicking call
subtype: northern_cricket_frog__Acris_crepitans of eastern and central United States
subtype: eastern_cricket_frog__easterncricketfrog__Acris_gryllus cricket frog of eastern United States
subtype: chorus_frog any of several small North American frogs having a loud call
subtype: lowland_burrowing_treefrog__lowlandburrowingtreefrog__northern_casque-headed_frog__Pternohyla_fodiens terrestrial burrowing nocturnal frog of grassy terrain and scrub forests having very hard upper surface of head; of the United States southwest
subtype: western_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_olivacea small secretive toad with smooth tough skin of central and western North America
subtype: eastern_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_carolinensis small toad of southeastern United States
subtype: sheep_frog__sheepfrog mostly of Central America
subtype: tongueless_frog almost completely aquatic frog native to Africa and Panama and northern South America
subtype: Surinam_toad__Pipa_pipa__Pipa_americana South American toad; incubates its young in pits in the skin of its back
subtype: African_clawed_frog__Xenopus_laevis native to Africa; established in the United States as result of release of laboratory and aquarium animals
subtype: South_American_poison_toad a South American toad
subtype: caecilian__blindworm any of the small slender limbless burrowing wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona; inhabit moist soil in tropical regions
subtype: labyrinthodont an amphibian of the superorder Labyrinthodontia
subtype: reptile__reptilian any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
subtype: anapsid_reptile__anapsid primitive reptile having no opening in the temporal region of the skull; all extinct except turtles
subtype: chelonian_reptile__chelonianreptile__chelonian a reptile of the order Chelonia
subtype: turtle any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming
subtype: sea_turtle__seaturtle__marine_turtle any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas
subtype: green_turtle__greenturtle__Chelonia_mydas large tropical turtle with greenish flesh used for turtle soup
subtype: loggerhead_turtle__loggerhead__Caretta_caretta very large carnivorous sea turtle; wide ranging in warm open seas
subtype: ridley a marine turtle
subtype: Atlantic_ridley__bastard_ridley__bastardridley__bastard_turtle__bastardturtle__Lepidochelys_kempii gray sea turtle of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
subtype: Pacific_ridley__olive_ridley__oliveridley__Lepidochelys_olivacea olive-colored sea turtle of tropical Pacific and Indian and South Atlantic oceans
subtype: hawksbill_turtle__hawksbillturtle__hawksbill__hawkbill__tortoiseshell_turtle__tortoiseshellturtle__Eretmochelys_imbricata pugnacious tropical sea turtle with a hawk-like beak; source of food and the best tortoiseshell
subtype: leatherback_turtle__leatherbackturtle__leatherback__leatheryturtle__Dermochelys_coriacea wide ranging marine turtle with flexible leathery carapace; largest living turtle
subtype: snapping_turtle large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws
subtype: common_snapping_turtle__snapper__chelydraserpentina large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
subtype: alligator_snapping_turtle__alligator_snapper__alligatorsnapper__Macroclemys_temmincki large species having three ridges on its back; found in southeastern United States
subtype: mud_turtle__mudturtle bottom-dwelling freshwater turtle inhabiting muddy rivers of North and Central America
subtype: musk_turtle__stinkpot small freshwater turtle having a strong musky odor
subtype: terrapin any of various edible North American web-footed turtles living in fresh or brackish water
subtype: diamondback_terrapin__diamondbackterrapin__Malaclemys_centrata of marshes along Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
subtype: red-bellied_terrapin__redbelliedterrapin__red-bellied_turtle__redbelliedturtle__redbelly__Pseudemys_rubriventris freshwater turtle of Chesapeake bay tributaries having red markings on the lower shell
subtype: yellow-bellied_terrapin__slider__Pseudemys_scripta freshwater turtle of United States and South America; frequently raised commercially; some young sold as pets
subtype: river_cooter__rivercooter__cooter__Pseudemys_concinna large river turtle of the southern United States and northern Mexico
subtype: box_turtle__boxturtle__box_tortoise__boxtortoise chiefly terrestrial turtle of North America; shell can be closed tightly
subtype: Western_box_turtle__Terrapene_ornata primarily a prairie turtle of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: painted_turtle__paintedturtle__painted_terrapin__paintedterrapin__painted_tortoise__paintedtortoise__chrysemyspicta freshwater turtles having bright yellow and red markings; common in the eastern United States
subtype: tortoise usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica
subtype: European_tortoise__Testudo_graeca small land tortoise of southern Europe
subtype: giant_tortoise__gianttortoise very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands
subtype: gopher_tortoise__gopher_turtle__gopher__Gopherus_polypemus burrowing edible land tortoise of southeastern North America
subtype: desert_tortoise__Gopherus_agassizii burrowing tortoise of the arid western United States and northern Mexico; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
subtype: Texas_tortoise close relative to the desert tortoise; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
subtype: soft-shelled_turtle__pancake_turtle__pancaketurtle voracious aquatic turtle with a flat flexible shell covered by a leathery skin; can inflict painful bites
subtype: spiny_softshell__spinysoftshell__Trionyx_spiniferus river turtle of western United States with a warty shell; prefers quiet water
subtype: smooth_softshell__Trionyx_muticus river turtle of Mississippi basin; prefers running water
subtype: diapsid_reptile__diapsid reptile having a pair of openings in the skull behind each eye
subtype: tuatara__Sphenodon_punctatum only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand
subtype: saurian any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs
subtype: lizard relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail
subtype: gecko any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless
subtype: flying_gecko__fringed_gecko__fringedgecko__Ptychozoon_homalocephalum having membranous expansions along sides of body and limbs and tail
subtype: banded_gecko any of several geckos with dard bands across the body and differing from typical geckos in having movable eyelids; of United States southwest and gulf coast to Florida
subtype: iguanid_lizard__iguanidlizard__iguanid lizards of the New World and Madagascar and some Pacific islands; typically having a long tail and bright throat patch in males
subtype: common_iguana__iguana__Iguana_iguana large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central and South America
subtype: marine_iguana__Amblyrhynchus_cristatus shore-dwelling seaweed-eating lizard of the Galapagos Islands
subtype: desert_iguana__Dipsosaurus_dorsalis small long-tailed lizard of arid areas of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
subtype: chuckwalla__Sauromalus_obesus rock-dwelling herbivorous lizard of arid parts of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: zebra-tailed_lizard__gridiron-tailed_lizard__Callisaurus_draconoides swift lizard with long black-banded tail and long legs; of deserts of United States and Mexico
subtype: fringe-toed_lizard__Uma_notata with long pointed scales around toes; of deserts of United States and Mexico
subtype: earless_lizard__earlesslizard any of several slender lizards without external ear openings: of plains of western United States and Mexico
subtype: collared_lizard any of several robust long-tailed lizards with collars of two dark bands; of central and western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: leopard_lizard__leopardlizard any of several large lizards with many dark spots; of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: spiny_lizard__spinylizard any of numerous lizards with overlapping ridged pointed scales; of North and Central America
subtype: fence_lizard__fencelizard spiny lizard often seen basking on fences in the United States and northern Mexico
subtype: western_fence_lizard__westernfencelizard__swift__blue-belly__Sceloporus_occidentalis common western lizard; seen on logs or rocks
subtype: eastern_fence_lizard__easternfencelizard__pine_lizard__Sceloporus_undulatus small active lizard of United States and north to British Columbia
subtype: sagebrush_lizard__sagebrushlizard__Sceloporus_graciosus a ground dweller that prefers open ground and scattered low bushes; of United States west between Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountains
subtype: side-blotched_lizard__sand_lizard__Uta_stansburiana one of the most abundant lizards in the arid western United States
subtype: tree_lizard__Urosaurus_ornatus a climbing lizard of western United States and northern Mexico
subtype: horned_lizard__horned_toad__horny_frog__hornyfrog insectivorous lizard with hornlike spines on the head and spiny scales on the body; of western North America
subtype: Texas_horned_lizard__Phrynosoma_cornutum of arid and semiarid open country
subtype: basilisk small crested arboreal lizard able to run on its hind legs; of tropical America
subtype: American_chameleon__anole__Anolis_carolinensis small arboreal tropical American insectivorous lizards with the ability to change skin color
subtype: worm_lizard a lizard of the genus Amphisbaena; harmless wormlike limbless lizard of warm or tropical regions having concealed eyes and ears and a short blunt tail
subtype: night_lizard__nightlizard small secretive nocturnal lizard of southwestern North America and Cuba; bear live young
subtype: skink__scincid__scincidlizard alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide
subtype: western_skink__westernskink__Eumeces_skiltonianus found in western North American grasslands and open woodlands
subtype: mountain_skink__Eumeces_callicephalus frequents oak and pine habitats in rocky mountainous areas of United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: teiid_lizard__teiidlizard__teiid tropical New World lizard with a long tail and large rectangular scales on the belly and a long tail
subtype: whiptail_lizard__whiptail any of numerous very agile and alert New World lizards
subtype: six-lined_racerunner__sixlinedracerunner__racerunner__race_runner__Cnemidophorus_sexlineatus very swift lizard of eastern and central United States
subtype: plateau_striped_whiptail__plateaustripedwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_velox having distinct longitudinal stripes: of Colorado Plateau from Arizona to western Colorado
subtype: Chihuahuan_spotted_whiptail__Cnemidophorus_exsanguis having longitudinal stripes overlaid with light spots; upland lizard of United States southwest and Mexico
subtype: western_whiptail__westernwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tigris active lizard having a network of dusky dark markings; of semiarid areas from Oregon and Idaho to Baja California
subtype: checkered_whiptail__checkeredwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tesselatus markings are darker and more marked than in western whiptail; from southeastern Colorado to eastern Chihuahua
subtype: teju large (to 3 feet) blackish yellow-banded South American lizard; raid henhouses; used as food
subtype: caiman_lizard crocodile-like lizard of South America having powerful jaws for crushing snails and mussels
subtype: agamid_lizard__agamid a lizard of the family Agamidae
subtype: agama small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World
subtype: frilled_lizard__frilledlizard__Chlamydosaurus_kingi large arboreal insectivorous Australian lizard with a ruff of skin around the neck
subtype: flying_dragon__dragon__flying_lizard any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body
subtype: moloch any lizard of the genus Moloch
subtype: mountain_devil__spiny_lizard__spinylizard__molochhorridu desert lizard that feeds on ants
subtype: anguid_lizard any of a small family of lizards widely distributed in warm areas; all are harmless and useful as destroyers of e.g. slugs and insects
subtype: alligator_lizard__alligatorlizard slim short-limbed lizard having a distinctive fold on each side that permits expansion; of western North America
subtype: blindworm__slowworm__Anguis_fragilis small burrowing legless European lizard with tiny eyes; popularly believed to be blind
subtype: glass_lizard__glasslizard__glass_snake__glasssnake__joint_snake__jointsnake snakelike lizard of Europe Asia and North America with vestigial hind limbs and the ability to regenerate its long fragile tail
subtype: legless_lizard__leglesslizard degenerate wormlike burrowing lizard of California closely related to alligator lizards
subtype: Lanthanotus_borneensis a stout-bodied pleurodont lizard of Borneo
subtype: venomous_lizard any of two or three large heavy-bodied lizards; only known venomous lizards
subtype: Gila_monster__Heloderma_suspectum large orange and black lizard of southwestern United States; not dangerous unless molested
subtype: Mexican_beaded_lizard__beaded_lizard__Heloderma_horridum lizard with black and yellowish beadlike scales; of western Mexico
subtype: lacertid_lizard__lacertid Old World terrestrial lizard
subtype: sand_lizard__Lacerta_agilis a common and widely distributed lizard of Europe and central Asia
subtype: green_lizard__greenlizard__lacertaviridi a common Eurasian lizard about a foot long
subtype: chameleon__chamaeleon lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue
subtype: African_chameleon__Chamaeleo_chamaeleon a chameleon found in Africa
subtype: horned_chameleon__Chamaeleo_oweni a kind of chameleon
subtype: monitor_lizard__monitorlizard__monitor__varan any of various large tropical carnivorous lizards of Africa Asia and Australia; fabled to warn of crocodiles
subtype: African_monitor__Varanus_niloticus destroys crocodile eggs
subtype: Komodo_dragon__Komodo_lizard__dragon_lizard__giant_lizard__giantlizard__Varanus_komodoensis the largest lizard in the world (10 feet); found on Indonesian islands
subtype: archosaur__archosaurian__archosaurian_reptile extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
subtype: dinosaur any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era
subtype: ornithischian_dinosaur__ornithischiandinosaur__ornithischian herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird
subtype: pisanosaur__pisanosaurus primitive dinosaur found in Argentina
subtype: staurikosaur__staurikosaurus primitive dinosaur found in Brazil
subtype: armored_dinosaur__armoreddinosaur dinosaurs having bony armour
subtype: stegosaur__stegosaurus__stegosauru__Stegosaur_stenops herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a weapon
subtype: ankylosaur__ankylosaurus having the back covered with thick bony plates; thought to have walked with a sprawling gait resembling a lizard's
subtype: Edmontonia heavily armored and highly spiked dinosaur with semi-upright posture
subtype: bone-headed_dinosaur bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony crowns
subtype: pachycephalosaur__pachycephalosaurus bipedal herbivore having 10 inches of bone atop its head; largest bone-headed dinosaur ever found
subtype: ceratopsian__horned_dinosaur any of several four-footed herbivorous horned dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls; of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia
subtype: protoceratops__protoceratop small horned dinosaur
subtype: triceratops__triceratop huge ceratopsian dinosaur having three horns and the neck heavily armored with a very solid frill
subtype: styracosaur__styracosaurus__styracosauru an unusual ceratopsian dinosaur having many large spikes around the edge of its bony frill and a long nose horn; late Cretaceous
subtype: psittacosaur__psittacosaurus primitive dinosaur actually lacking horns and having only the beginning of a frill; long hind and short front limbs; may have been bipedal
subtype: ornithopod_dinosaur__ornithopod bipedal herbivorous dinosaur
subtype: hadrosaur__hadrosaurus__hadrosauru__duck-billed_dinosaur any of numerous large bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs having a horny duck-like bill and webbed feet; may have been partly aquatic
subtype: anatotitan one of the largest and most famous duck-billed dinosaurs
subtype: corythosaur__corythosaurus__corythosauru duck-billed dinosaur with nasal passages that expand into a crest like a hollow helmet
subtype: edmontosaurus__edmontosauru duck-billed dinosaur from Canada found as a fossilized mummy with skin
subtype: trachodon__trachodont large duck-billed dinosaur of the Upper Cretaceous
subtype: iguanodon massive herbivorous bipedal dinosaur with a long heavy tail; common in Europe and North Africa; early Cretaceous
subtype: saurischian_dinosaur__saurischiandinosaur__saurischian herbivorous or carnivorous dinosaur having a three-pronged pelvis like that of a crocodile
subtype: sauropod_dinosaur__sauropod very large herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a small head a long neck and tail and five-toed limbs; largest known land animal
subtype: apatosaur__apatosaurus__brontosaur__brontosaurus__thunder_lizard__thunderlizard__Apatosaurus_excelsus huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur common in N. America in the late Jurassic
subtype: barosaur__barosaurus 5-story-tall dinosaur
subtype: theropod_dinosaur__theropod__bird-footed_dinosaur any of numerous carnivorous dinosaurs of the Triassic to Cretaceous with short forelimbs that walked or ran on strong hind legs
subtype: ceratosaur__ceratosaurus primitive medium-sized theropod; swift-running bipedal carnivorous dinosaur having grasping hands with sharp claws and a short horn between the nostrils; Jurassic in North America
subtype: coelophysis__coelophysi one of the oldest known dinosaurs; late Triassic; cannibalistic
subtype: carnosaur large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge claws
subtype: tyrannosaur__tyrannosauru__Tyrannosaurus_rex large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations; may have been a scavenger rather than an active predator; Upper Cretaceous; North America
subtype: allosaur__allosaurus late Jurassic carnivorous dinosaur; similar to but somewhat smaller than tyrannosaurus
subtype: compsognathus__compsognathu very small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Jurassic in Bavaria
subtype: herrerasaur__herrerasaurus__herrerasauru a kind of theropod dinosaur found in Argentina
subtype: eoraptor a theropod dinosaur of the genus Eoraptor
subtype: megalosaur__megalosaurus gigantic carnivorous bipedal dinosaur of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous in Europe
subtype: ornithomimid lightly built medium-sized dinosaur having extremely long limbs and necks with small heads and big brains and large eyes
subtype: struthiomimus__struthiomimu small light-boned toothless dinosaur resembling an ostrich in size and proportions
subtype: deinocheirus lightly built medium-sized theropod with long limbs and neck
subtype: maniraptor advanced carnivorous theropod
subtype: oviraptorid advanced carnivorous theropod
subtype: velociraptor small active carnivore that probably fed on protoceratops; possibly related more closely to birds than to other dinosaurs
subtype: dromaeosaur a kind of maniraptor
subtype: deinonychus__deinonychu swift agile wolf-sized bipedal dinosaur having a large curved claw on each hind foot; of the Cretaceous
subtype: utahraptor__superslasher large (20-ft) and swift carnivorous dinosaur having an upright 15-in slashing claw on each hind foot; early Cretaceous
subtype: Mononychus_olecranus 75-million-year-old turkey-sized long-legged fossil found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia having birdlike fused wrist bones and keeled breastbone and a long tail resembling a dinosaur's; short 3-inch-long forelimbs end in a single claw instead of wings; classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute
subtype: diplodocus huge quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail; of late Jurassic in western N. America
subtype: titanosaur__titanosaurian amphibious quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur with a long thin neck and whiplike tail; of the Cretaceous mostly in the southern hemisphere
subtype: genus_Argentinosaurus enormous dinosaur of the middle Cretaceous found in Argentina
subtype: argentinosaur huge herbivorous dinosaur of Cretaceous found in Argentina
subtype: ground-shaker__seismosaur huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous found in western North America
subtype: pterosaur__flying_reptile extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a birdlike beak and membranous wings supported by the very long fourth digit of each forelimb
subtype: pterodactyl extinct flying reptile
subtype: thecodont_reptile__thecodontreptile__thecodont presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds
subtype: ichthyosaur any of several marine reptiles of the Mesozoic having a body like a porpoise with dorsal and tail fins and paddle-shaped limbs
subtype: ichthyosaurus__ichthyosauru ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic
subtype: stenopterygius__Stenopterygius_quadrisicissus an ichthyosaur of the genus Stenopterygius
subtype: plesiosaur__plesiosaurus extinct marine reptile with a small head on a long neck a short tail and four paddle-shaped limbs; of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
subtype: nothosaur extinct marine reptile with longer more slender limbs than plesiosaurs and less completely modified for swimming
subtype: crocodilian_reptile__crocodilianreptile__crocodilian extant archosaurian reptile
subtype: crocodile large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters
subtype: African_crocodile__Nile_crocodile__Crocodylus_niloticus a dangerous crocodile widely distributed in Africa
subtype: Asian_crocodile__Crocodylus_porosus estuarine crocodile of eastern Asia and Pacific islands
subtype: Morlett's_crocodile__morlett'scrocodile a variety of crocodile
subtype: false_gavial__falsegavial__tomistomaschlegeli crocodile of southeast Asia similar to but smaller than the gavial
subtype: alligator either of two amphibious reptiles with shorter broader snouts than crocodiles
subtype: American_alligator__Alligator_mississipiensis large alligator of southeastern United States
subtype: Chinese_alligator__Alligator_sinensis small of the Yangtze valley of China having unwebbed digits
subtype: cayman__caiman alligator-like reptile of Central and South America having a more heavily armored belly
subtype: spectacled_caiman__Caiman_sclerops caiman with bony ridges about the eyes; found from southern Mexico to Argentina
subtype: gavial__Gavialis_gangeticus large fish-eating Indian crocodilian with a long slender snout
subtype: ophidian__snake__serpent limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous
subtype: colubrid_snake__colubrid mostly harmless temperate-to-tropical terrestrial or arboreal or aquatic snakes
subtype: hoop_snake any of various harmless North American snakes that were formerly believed to take tail in mouth and roll along like a hoop
subtype: thunder_snake__thundersnake__worm_snake__Carphophis_amoenus small reddish wormlike snake of eastern United States
subtype: ringneck_snake__ring-necked_snake__ring_snake any of numerous small nonvenomous North American snakes with a yellow or orange ring around the neck
subtype: hognose_snake__hognosesnake__puff_adder__sand_viper harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed
subtype: leaf-nosed_snake any of various pale blotched snakes with a blunt snout of southwestern North America
subtype: grass_snake__grasssnake__green_snake__greensnake either of two N. American chiefly insectivorous green snakes
subtype: smooth_green_snake__Opheodrys_vernalis of western and central United States
subtype: rough_green_snake__roughgreensnake__Opheodrys_aestivus of southern and eastern United States
subtype: green_snake__greensnake any of numerous African green snakes
subtype: racer slender fast-moving North American snakes
subtype: blacksnake__black_racer__Coluber_constrictor blackish racer of the eastern United States that grows to six feet
subtype: blue_racer__Coluber_constrictor_flaviventris bluish-green blacksnake found from Ohio to Texas
subtype: horseshoe_whipsnake__Coluber_hippocrepis slender fast-moving Eurasian snake
subtype: whipsnake__whip_snake any of several fast-moving North American snakes with long whiplike tails
subtype: coachwhip_snake__coachwhipsnake__coachwhip__Masticophis_flagellum a whipsnake of southern United States and Mexico; tail resembles a braided whip
subtype: California_whipsnake__striped_racer__stripedracer__Masticophis_lateralis a whipsnake of scrublands and rocky hillsides
subtype: Sonoran_whipsnake__Masticophis_bilineatus both terrestrial and arboreal snake of United States southwest
subtype: rat_snake__ratsnake any of various nonvenomous rodent-eating snakes of North America and Asia
subtype: corn_snake__red_rat_snake__redratsnake__Elaphe_guttata large harmless snake of southeastern United States; often on farms
subtype: black_rat_snake__blackratsnake__blacksnake__pilot_blacksnake__pilotblacksnake__mountain_blacksnake__Elaphe_obsoleta large harmless shiny black North American snake
subtype: chicken_snake__chickensnake large North American snake
subtype: Indian_rat_snake__Ptyas_mucosus enter buildings in pursuit of prey
subtype: glossy_snake__Arizona_elegans nocturnal burrowing snake of western United States with shiny tan scales
subtype: bull_snake any of several large harmless rodent-eating North American burrowing snakes
subtype: gopher_snake__Pituophis_melanoleucus bull snake of western North America that invades rodent burrows
subtype: pine_snake any of several bull snakes of eastern and southeastern United States found chiefly in pine woods; now threatened
subtype: king_snake any of numerous nonvenomous North American constrictors; feed on other snakes and small mammals
subtype: common_kingsnake__Lampropeltis_getulus widespread in United States except northern regions; black or brown with yellow bands
subtype: milk_snake__house_snake__housesnake__milk_adder__checkered_adder__checkeredadder__Lampropeltis_triangulum nonvenomous tan and brown king snake with an arrow-shaped occipital spot; southeastern ones have red stripes like coral snakes
subtype: garter_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake any of numerous nonvenomous longitudinally-striped viviparous North and Central American snakes
subtype: common_garter_snake__Thamnophis_sirtalis widespread in North America
subtype: ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_sauritus slender yellow-striped North American garter snake; prefers wet places
subtype: Western_ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_proximus yellow- or reddish-striped snake of temperate woodlands and grasslands to tropics
subtype: lined_snake__Tropidoclonion_lineatum secretive snake of city dumps and parks as well as prairies and open woods; feeds on earthworms; of central United States
subtype: ground_snake__Sonora_semiannulata small shy brightly-ringed terrestrial snake of arid or semiarid areas of western North America
subtype: eastern_ground_snake__Potamophis_striatula__Haldea_striatula in some classifications placed in genus Haldea; small reddish-gray snake of eastern North America
subtype: water_snake__watersnake any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water
subtype: common_water_snake__banded_water_snake__Natrix_sipedon__Nerodia_sipedon in some classifications placed in the genus Nerodia; western United States snake that seldom ventures far from water
subtype: water_moccasin__watermoccasin any of numerous North American water snakes inhabiting fresh waters
subtype: ring_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake__ringed_snake__Natrix_natrix harmless European snake with a bright yellow collar; common in England
subtype: viperine_grass_snake__Natrix_maura a small harmless grass snake
subtype: red-bellied_snake__redbelliedsnake__Storeria_occipitamaculata harmless woodland snake of southeastern United States
subtype: sand_snake small North American burrowing snake
subtype: banded_sand_snake__Chilomeniscus_cinctus a sand snake of southwestern United States; lives in fine to coarse sand or loamy soil in which it `swims'; banding resembles that of coral snakes
subtype: black-headed_snake small secretive ground-dwelling snake; found from central United States to Argentina
subtype: vine_snake slender arboreal snake found from southern Arizona to Bolivia
subtype: lyre_snake mildly venomous snake with a lyre-shaped mark on the head; found in rocky areas from southwestern United States to Central America
subtype: Sonoran_lyre_snake__Trimorphodon_lambda of desert regions of southwestern North America
subtype: night_snake__Hypsiglena_torquata nocturnal prowler of western United States and Mexico
subtype: indigo_snake__gopher_snake__Drymarchon_corais large dark-blue nonvenomous snake that invades burrows; found in southern North America and Mexico
subtype: eastern_indigo_snake__Drymarchon_corais_couperi a variety of indigo snake
subtype: blind_snake__blindsnake__worm_snake wormlike burrowing snake of warm regions having vestigial eyes
subtype: western_blind_snake__westernblindsnake__Leptotyphlops_humilis burrows among roots of shrubs and beneath rocks in desert and rocky hillside areas and beach sand of western United States
subtype: constrictor any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils
subtype: boa any of several chiefly tropical constrictors with vestigial hind limbs
subtype: boa_constrictor__boaconstrictor__Constrictor_constrictor very large boa of tropical America and West Indies
subtype: rubber_boa__tow-headed_snake__Charina_bottae boa of grasslands and woodlands of western North America; looks and feels like rubber with tail and head of similar shape
subtype: rosy_boa__Lichanura_trivirgata boa of rocky desert of southwestern United States
subtype: anaconda__Eunectes_murinus large arboreal boa of tropical South America
subtype: python large Old World boas
subtype: carpet_snake__Python_variegatus__Morelia_spilotes_variegatus Australian python with a variegated pattern on its back
subtype: reticulated_python__reticulatedpython__Python_reticulatus of southeast Asia and East Indies; the largest snake in the world
subtype: Indian_python__Python_molurus very large python of southeast Asia
subtype: rock_python__rock_snake__Python_sebae very large python of tropical and southern Africa
subtype: amethystine_python__amethystinepython with an amethyst color
subtype: elapid_snake__elapid any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
subtype: New_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake__harlequin-snake__harlequinsnake any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South and Central America
subtype: eastern_coral_snake__easterncoralsnake__Micrurus_fulvius ranges from Central America to southeastern United States
subtype: western_coral_snake__westerncoralsnake__Micruroides_euryxanthus ranges from Central America to southwestern United States
subtype: Old_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia
subtype: Asian_coral_snake of India
subtype: African_coral_snake__Aspidelaps_lubricus small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange
subtype: Australian_coral_snake__Rhynchoelaps_australis small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red
subtype: Denisonia_superba__copperhead venomous but sluggish reddish-brown snake of Australia
subtype: cobra venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin of the neck into a hood
subtype: Indian_cobra__Naja_naja of tropical Africa and Asia
subtype: asp__Egyptian_cobra__Naja_haje cobra used by the Pharaohs as a symbol of their power over life and death
subtype: black-necked_cobra__spitting_cobra__Naja_nigricollis aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness
subtype: king_cobra__hamadryad__Ophiophagus_hannan__Naja_hannah large cobra of southeastern Asia and the East Indies; the largest venomous snake; sometimes placed in genus Naja
subtype: ringhals__rinkhals__spitting_snake__Hemachatus_haemachatus highly venomous snake of southern Africa able to spit venom up to seven feet
subtype: mamba arboreal snake of central and southern Africa whose bite is often fatal
subtype: black_mamba__blackmamba__Dendroaspis_augusticeps southern African mamba dreaded because of its quickness and readiness to bite
subtype: green_mamba__greenmamba green phase of the black mamba
subtype: death_adder__Acanthophis_antarcticus venomous Australian snake resembling an adder
subtype: tiger_snake__Notechis_scutatus highly venomous brown-and-yellow snake of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: Australian_blacksnake__Pseudechis_porphyriacus large semiaquatic snake of Australia; black above with red belly
subtype: krait brightly colored venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula
subtype: banded_krait__banded_adder__Bungarus_fasciatus sluggish krait banded with black and yellow
subtype: taipan__Oxyuranus_scutellatus large highly venomous snake of northeastern Australia
subtype: sea_snake__seasnake any of numerous venomous aquatic viviparous snakes having a fin-like tail; of warm littoral seas; feed on fish which they immobilize with quick-acting venom
subtype: viper venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw
subtype: common_viper__adder__Vipera_berus small terrestrial viper common in northern Eurasia
subtype: asp_viper__aspviper__asp__Vipera_aspis of southern Europe; similar to but smaller than the adder
subtype: puff_adder__Bitis_arietans large African viper that inflates its body when alarmed
subtype: gaboon_viper__Bitis_gabonica large heavy-bodied brilliantly marked and extremely venomous west African viper
subtype: horned_viper__cerastes__sand_viper__horned_asp__Cerastes_cornutus highly venomous viper of North Africa and southwest Asia having a horny spine above each eye
subtype: pit_viper__pitviper New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head
subtype: copperhead__Agkistrodon_contortrix common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States
subtype: cottonmouth__water_moccasin__watermoccasin__cottonmouth_moccasin__cottonmouthmoccasin__agkistrodonpiscivoru venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States
subtype: rattlesnake pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken
subtype: diamondback_rattlesnake__diamondbackrattlesnake__diamondback__crotalusadamanteu large deadly rattlesnake with diamond-shaped markings
subtype: timber_rattlesnake__banded_rattlesnake__Crotalus_horridus_horridus widely distributed in rugged ground of eastern United States
subtype: canebrake_rattlesnake__canebrakerattlesnake__canebrake_rattler__canebrakerattler__Crotalus_horridus_atricaudatus southern variety
subtype: prairie_rattlesnake__prairie_rattler__Western_rattlesnake__Crotalus_viridis widely distributed between the Mississippi and the Rockies
subtype: horned_rattlesnake__sidewinder__Crotalus_cerastes small pale-colored desert rattlesnake of southwestern United States; body moves in an S-shaped curve
subtype: Western_diamondback_rattlesnake__Western_diamondback__Crotalus_atrox largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: rock_rattlesnake__Crotalus_lepidus mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest
subtype: tiger_rattlesnake__tigerrattlesnake__Crotalus_tigris having irregularly cross-banded back; of arid foothills and canyons of southern Arizona and Mexico
subtype: Mojave_rattlesnake__Crotalus_scutulatus extremely dangerous; most common in areas of scattered scrubby growth; from Mojave Desert to w. Texas and into Mexico
subtype: speckled_rattlesnake__Crotalus_mitchellii markings vary but usually harmonize with background; of sw Arizona and Baja California
subtype: massasauga_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_catenatus pygmy rattlesnake found in moist areas from the Great Lakes to Mexico; feeds on mice and small amphibians
subtype: ground_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_miliaris small pygmy rattlesnake
subtype: fer-de-lance__Bothrops_atrops large extremely venomous pit viper of Central and South America
subtype: subclass_Diapsida__Diapsida used in former classifications to include all living reptiles except turtles; superseded by the two subclasses Lepidosauria and Archosauria
subtype: synapsid_reptile__synapsid extinct reptile having a single pair of lateral temporal openings in the skull
subtype: therapsid__protomammal probably warm-blooded; considered direct ancestor of mammals
subtype: Chronoperates_paradoxus shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta Canada region; of about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)
subtype: cynodont small carnivorous reptiles
subtype: dicynodont a kind of therapsid
subtype: ictodosaur intermediate in form between the therapsids and most primitive true mammals
subtype: pelycosaur large primitive reptile having a tall spinal sail; of the Permian or late Paleozoic in Europe and North America
subtype: edaphosaurus heavy-bodied reptile with a dorsal sail or crest; of the late Paleozoic
subtype: dimetrodon carnivorous dinosaur of the Permian in North America having a crest or dorsal sail
subtype: mammal any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk
subtype: female_mammal animals that nourish their young with milk
subtype: tusker any mammal with prominent tusks (especially an elephant or wild boar)
subtype: prototherian primitive oviparous mammals found only in Australia Tasmania and New Guinea
subtype: monotreme__egglayingmammal the most primitive mammals comprising the only extant members of the subclass Prototheria
subtype: echidna__spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__anteater burrowing spine-covered monotreme of Australia having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites
subtype: spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__echidna__anteater New Guinea echidnas
subtype: duck-billed_platypus__platypus__duckbill__duckbilled_platypus__Ornithorhynchus_anatinus small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet; only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae
subtype: metatherian primitive pouched mammals found mainly in Australia and the Americas
subtype: marsupial__pouched_mammal__pouchedmammal mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried
subtype: opossum__possum nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America
subtype: common_opossum__Didelphis_virginiana__Didelphis_marsupialis omnivorous opossum of the eastern United States; noted for feigning death when in danger; esteemed as food in some areas; considered same species as the crab-eating opossum of South America
subtype: crab-eating_opossum South American opossum
subtype: opossum_rat__opossumrat terrestrial marsupials of southern South America that resemble shrews
subtype: bandicoot any of various agile rat-like terrestrial marsupials of Australia and adjacent islands; insectivorous and herbivorous
subtype: rabbit-eared_bandicoot__rabbit_bandicoot__bilby__Macrotis_lagotis bandicoot with leathery ears like a rabbit
subtype: kangaroo any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail
subtype: giant_kangaroo__giantkangaroo__great_gray_kangaroo__Macropus_giganteus very large grayish-brown Australian kangaroo formerly abundant in open wooded areas
subtype: wallaby__brush_kangaroo__brushkangaroo any of various small or medium-sized kangaroos often brightly colored
subtype: common_wallaby__Macropus_agiles height 30 inches
subtype: hare_wallaby__kangaroo_hare small Australian wallaby that resembles a hare and has persistent teeth
subtype: nail-tailed_wallaby__nail-tailed_kangaroo small wallabies with a horny nail on the tip of the tail
subtype: rock_wallaby__rock_kangaroo slender long-legged Australian wallabies living in caves and rocky areas
subtype: pademelon__paddymelon small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: tree_wallaby__tree_kangaroo arboreal wallabies of New Guinea and northern Australia having hind and forelegs of similar length
subtype: musk_kangaroo__Hypsiprymnodon_moschatus small kangaroo of northeastern Australia
subtype: rat_kangaroo__ratkangaroo__kangaroo_rat any of several rabbit-sized rat-like Australian kangaroos
subtype: potoroo Australian rat kangaroos
subtype: bettong short-nosed rat kangaroo
subtype: jerboa_kangaroo__kangaroo_jerboa brush-tailed rat kangaroo
subtype: phalanger__opossum__possum small furry Australian arboreal marsupials having long usually prehensile tails
subtype: cuscus woolly-haired monkey-like arboreal marsupial of New Guinea and North Australia
subtype: brush-tailed_phalanger__Trichosurus_vulpecula bushy-tailed phalanger
subtype: flying_phalanger__flying_opossum__flying_squirrel nocturnal phalangers that move with gliding leaps using parachute-like folds of skin along the sides of the body
subtype: flying_mouse tiny flying phalanger
subtype: koala_bear__koalabear__koala__kangaroo_bear__native_bear__Phascolarctos_cinereus sluggish tailless Australian arboreal marsupial with gray furry ears and coat; feeds on eucalyptus leaves and bark
subtype: wombat burrowing herbivorous Australian marsupials about the size of a badger
subtype: dasyurid_marsupial__dasyurid small carnivorous nocturnal marsupials of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: dasyure any of several more or less arboreal marsupials somewhat resembling martens
subtype: eastern_dasyure__Dasyurus_quoll a variety of dasyure
subtype: native_cat__Dasyurus_viverrinus carnivorous arboreal catlike marsupials of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: thylacine__Tasmanian_wolf__Tasmanian_tiger__Thylacinus_cynocephalus rare doglike carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania having stripes on its back; probably extinct
subtype: Tasmanian_devil__ursine_dasyure__Sarcophilus_hariisi small ferocious carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail
subtype: pouched_mouse__pouchedmouse__marsupial_mouse__marsupialmouse__marsupial_rat__marsupialrat any of numerous small sharp-nosed insectivorous marsupials superficially resembling mice or rats
subtype: numbat__banded_anteater__anteater__Myrmecobius_fasciatus small Australian marsupial having long snout and strong claws for feeding on termites; nearly extinct
subtype: pouched_mole__pouchedmole__marsupialmole__Notoryctus_typhlops small burrowing Australian marsupial that resembles a mole
subtype: placental_mammal__placentalmammal__placental__eutherian__eutherian_mammal__eutherianmammal mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
subtype: livestock__stock__farm_animal not used technically; any animals kept for use or profit
subtype: bull.placental_mammal mature male of various mammals of which the female is called `cow'; e.g. whales or elephants or especially cattle
subtype: cow mature female of mammals of which the male is called `bull'
subtype: yearling an animal in its second year
subtype: buck mature male of various mammals (especially deer or antelope)
subtype: stag adult male deer
subtype: royal_stag__royalstag__royal stag with antlers of 12 or more branches
subtype: doe mature female of mammals of which the male is called `buck'
subtype: insectivore small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals
subtype: mole small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having small eyes and fossorial forefeet
subtype: starnose_mole__star-nosed_mole__Condylura_cristata amphibious mole of eastern North America having pink fleshy tentacles around the nose
subtype: brewer's_mole__hair-tailed_mole__Parascalops_breweri mole of eastern North America
subtype: golden_mole mole of southern Africa having iridescent guard hairs mixed with the underfur
subtype: shrew_mole__shrewmole slender mole having a long snout and tail
subtype: Asiatic_shrew_mole__Uropsilus_soricipes shrew mole of eastern Asia
subtype: American_shrew_mole__Neurotrichus_gibbsii grayish-black shrew mole of the United States and Canada
subtype: shrewmouse__shrew small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles
subtype: common_shrew__Sorex_araneus common American shrew
subtype: masked_shrew__Sorex_cinereus commonest shrew of moist habitats in North America
subtype: short-tailed_shrew__Blarina_brevicauda North American shrew with tail less than half its body length
subtype: water_shrew__watershrew any of several small semiaquatic shrews usually living near swift-flowing streams
subtype: American_water_shrew__Sorex_palustris water shrew of North America
subtype: European_water_shrew__Neomys_fodiens widely distributed Old World water shrew
subtype: Mediterranean_water_shrew__Neomys_anomalus a type of water shrew
subtype: least_shrew__leastshrew__Cryptotis_parva small brown shrew of grassy regions of eastern United States
subtype: hedgehog__Erinaceus_europaeus__Erinaceus_europeaeus small nocturnal Old World mammal covered with both hair and protective spines
subtype: tenrec__tendrac small often spiny insectivorous mammal of Madagascar; resembles a hedgehog
subtype: tailless_tenrec__Tenrec_ecaudatus prolific animal that feeds chiefly on earthworms
subtype: otter_shrew__ottershrew__potamogale__Potamogale_velox amphibious African insectivorous mammal that resembles an otter
subtype: aquatic_mammal__aquaticmammal whales and dolphins; manatees and dugongs; walruses; seals
subtype: cetacean_mammal__cetacean__blower large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals
subtype: whale any of the larger cetacean mammals having a streamlined body and breathing through a blowhole on the head
subtype: baleen_whale__whalebone_whale__whalebonewhale whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water
subtype: right_whale__rightwhale large arctic whalebone whale; allegedly the `right' whale to hunt because of its valuable whalebone and oil
subtype: bowhead_whale__bowheadwhale__bowhead__Greenland_whale__Balaena_mysticetus large-mouthed arctic whale
subtype: rorqual__razorback any of several baleen whales of of the family Balaenopteridae having longitudinal grooves on the throat and a small pointed dorsal fin
subtype: finback_whale__finbackwhale__finback__finwhale__common_rorqual__Balaenoptera_physalus large flat-headed whalebone whale having deep furrows along the throat; of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: sei_whale__seiwhale__Balaenoptera_borealis similar to but smaller than the finback whale
subtype: lesser_rorqual__piked_whale__pikedwhale__minke_whale__minkewhale__Balaenoptera_acutorostrata small finback of coastal waters of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: blue_whale__sulfur_bottom__Balaenoptera_musculus largest mammal ever known; bluish-gray migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere
subtype: humpback_whale__humpback__Megaptera_novaeangliae large whalebone whale with long flippers noted for arching or humping its back as it dives
subtype: gray_whale__devilfish__Eschrichtius_gibbosus__Eschrichtius_robustus medium-sized grayish-black whale of the north Pacific
subtype: toothed_whale__toothedwhale any of several whales having simple conical teeth and feeding on fish etc.
subtype: sperm_whale__spermwhale__cachalot__black_whale__blackwhale__Physeter_catodon large whale with a large cavity in the head containing spermaceti and oil; also a source of ambergris
subtype: pygmy_sperm_whale__pygmyspermwhale__Kogia_breviceps small sperm whale of warm waters of both coasts of North America
subtype: dwarf_sperm_whale__dwarfspermwhale__kogiasimu very small (to 8 feet) sperm whale of central coasts of Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: beaked_whale any of several whales inhabiting all oceans and having beaklike jaws with vestigial teeth in the upper jaw
subtype: bottle-nosed_whale__bottlenose_whale__bottlenose__Hyperoodon_ampullatus North Atlantic beaked whale with a bulbous forehead
subtype: dolphin any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises
subtype: common_dolphin__Delphinus_delphis black-and-white dolphin that leaps high out of the water; one of the dolphins displayed at the Marinelands of California and Florida
subtype: bottlenose_dolphin__bottle-nosed_dolphin__bottlenose any of several dolphins with rounded forehead and well-developed beak; chiefly of North Atlantic and Mediterranean
subtype: Atlantic_bottlenose_dolphin__Tursiops_truncatus the most common dolphin of North Atlantic and Mediterranean; often kept captive and trained to perform
subtype: Pacific_bottlenose_dolphin__Tursiops_gilli a bottlenose dolphin found in the Pacific Ocean
subtype: porpoise any of several small gregarious cetacean mammals having a blunt snout and many teeth
subtype: harbor_porpoise__herring_hog__Phocaena_phocaena the common porpoise of the North Atlantic and Pacific
subtype: grampus__grampu__Grampus_griseus slaty-gray blunt-nosed dolphin common in northern seas
subtype: killer_whale__killer__orca__grampus__grampu__sea_wolf__seawolf__Orcinus_orca predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas
subtype: pilot_whale__pilotwhale__black_whale__blackwhale__common_blackfish__blackfish__Globicephala_melaena small dark-colored whaled of United States Atlantic coast; the largest male acts as pilot or leader for the school
subtype: river_dolphin__riverdolphin any of several long-snouted usually freshwater dolphins of South America and southern Asia
subtype: white_whale__whitewhale__beluga__Delphinapterus_leucas small northern whale that is white when adult
subtype: narwhal__narwal__narwhale__Monodon_monoceros small arctic whale the male having a long spiral ivory tusk
subtype: spouter a spouting whale
subtype: sea_cow__seacow__sirenian_mammal__sirenian any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs
subtype: manatee__trichechusmanatu sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded
subtype: dugong__Dugong_dugon sirenian tusked mammal found from eastern Africa to Australia; the flat tail is bilobate
subtype: Steller's_sea_cow__Hydrodamalis_gigas extinct large sirenian mammal formerly found near Asiatic coast of the Bering Sea
subtype: pinniped_mammal__pinniped__pinnatiped aquatic carnivorous mammal having a streamlined body specialized for swimming with limbs modified as flippers
subtype: seal.pinniped_mammal any of numerous marine mammals that come on shore to breed; chiefly of cold regions
subtype: crabeater_seal__crabeaterseal__crab-eating_seal silvery gray Antarctic seal subsisting on crustaceans
subtype: eared_seal__earedseal pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur
subtype: fur_seal__furseal eared seal of the S hemisphere; the thick soft underfur is the source of sealskin
subtype: guadalupe_fur_seal__guadalupefurseal__Arctocephalus_philippi of Pacific coast of California and southward
subtype: fur_seal.eared_seal__furseal fur seal of the north Pacific
subtype: Alaska_fur_seal__Callorhinus_ursinus of Pacific coast from Alaska southward to California
subtype: sea_lion__sealion any of several large eared seals of the north Pacific related to fur seals but lacking their valuable coat
subtype: South_American_sea_lion__Otaria_Byronia of the southern coast of South America
subtype: California_sea_lion__Zalophus_californianus__Zalophus_californicus often trained as a show animal
subtype: Australian_sea_lion__Zalophus_lobatus a variety of sea lion found in Australia
subtype: Steller_sea_lion__Steller's_sea_lion__Eumetopias_jubatus largest sea lion; of the north Pacific
subtype: earless_seal__earlessseal__true_seal__hair_seal any of several seals lacking external ear flaps and having a stiff hairlike coat with hind limbs reduced to swimming flippers
subtype: harbor_seal__common_seal__Phoca_vitulina small spotted seal of coastal waters of the northern hemisphere
subtype: harp_seal__Pagophilus_groenlandicus common arctic seal; the young are all white
subtype: elephant_seal__sea_elephant__seaelephant either of two large North Atlantic earless seals having snouts like trunks
subtype: bearded_seal__beardedseal__squareflipper_square_flipper__Erignathus_barbatus medium-sized grayish to yellow seal with bristles each side of muzzle; of Arctic Ocean
subtype: hooded_seal__bladdernose__Cystophora_cristata medium-sized blackish-gray seal with large inflatable sac on the head; of Arctic and north Atlantic waters
subtype: walrus__seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber
subtype: Atlantic_walrus__Odobenus_rosmarus of North Atlantic and Arctic waters
subtype: Pacific_walrus__Odobenus_divergens of the Bering Sea and north Pacific
subtype: carnivore terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb
subtype: fissiped_mammal__fissiped terrestrial carnivores; having toes separated to the base: dogs; cats; bears; badgers; raccoons
subtype: canine__canid any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles
subtype: bitch female of any member of the dog family
subtype: brood_bitch__broodbitch a bitch used for breeding
subtype: dog__domesticdog__Canis_familiaris a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; "the dog barked all night"
subtype: pooch__doggie__doggy__barker__bow-wow__bowwow informal terms for dogs
subtype: mongrel__cur an inferior dog or one of mixed breed
subtype: pariah_dog__pye-dog__pyedog__pie-dog__piedog ownerless half-wild mongrel dog common around Asian villages especially India
subtype: lapdog a dog small and tame enough to be held in the lap
subtype: toy_dog__toy any of several breeds of very small dogs kept purely as pets
subtype: Chihuahua old breed of tiny short-coated dog with protruding eyes from Mexico held to antedate Aztec civilization
subtype: Japanese_spaniel breed of toy dogs originating in Japan having a silky black-and-white or red-and-white coat
subtype: Maltese_dog__Maltese breed of toy dogs having a long straight silky white coat
subtype: Pekinese__Pekingese__Peke a Chinese breed of small short-legged dogs with a long silky coat and broad flat muzzle
subtype: Shih-Tzu a Chinese breed of small dog similar to a Pekingese
subtype: toy_spaniel__toyspaniel a very small spaniel
subtype: English_toy_spaniel British breed having a long silky coat and rounded head with a short upturned muzzle
subtype: Blenheim_spaniel red-and-white variety of English toy spaniel
subtype: King_Charles_spaniel a toy English spaniel with a black-and-tan coat; named after Charles II who popularized it
subtype: papillon small slender toy spaniel with erect ears and a black-spotted brown to white coat
subtype: toy_terrier__toyterrier a small active dog
subtype: hunting_dog__huntingdog a dog used in hunting game
subtype: Rhodesian_ridgeback a powerful short-haired African hunting dog having a crest of reversed hair along the spine
subtype: hound_dog__hounddog__hound any of several breeds of dog used for hunting typically having large drooping ears
subtype: Afghan_hound tall graceful breed of hound with a long silky coat; native to the Near East
subtype: basset_hound__basset smooth-haired breed of hound with short legs and long ears
subtype: beagle a small short-legged smooth-coated breed of hound
subtype: bloodhound__sleuthhound a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking
subtype: bluetick a very fast American hound; white mottled with bluish gray
subtype: boarhound large hound used in hunting wild boars
subtype: coonhound any of several breeds of hound developed for hunting raccoons
subtype: coondog any dog trained to hunt raccoons
subtype: black-and-tan_coonhound__blackandtancoonhound American breed of large powerful hound dogs used for hunting raccoons and other game
subtype: foxhound medium-sized glossy-coated hounds developed for hunting foxes
subtype: American_foxhound an American breed of foxhounds used for hunting both in packs and individually
subtype: Walker_hound__Walker_foxhound__walkerfoxhound an American breed of foxhound
subtype: English_foxhound an English breed slightly larger than the American foxhounds originally used to hunt in packs
subtype: harrier.hound_dog a hound that resembles a foxhound but is smaller; used to hunt rabbits
subtype: Plott_hound a brindle-coated American hound used in hunting bears and wild boars
subtype: redbone a speedy red or red-and-tan American hound
subtype: wolfhound the largest breed of dogs; formerly used to hunt wolves
subtype: borzoi__Russian_wolfhound tall fast-moving dog breed
subtype: Irish_wolfhound large breed of hound with a rough thick coat
subtype: greyhound a tall slender dog of an ancient breed noted for swiftness and keen sight; used as a racing dog
subtype: Italian_greyhound a toy dog developed from the greyhound
subtype: whippet small slender dog of greyhound type developed in England
subtype: Ibizan_hound__Ibizan_Podenco breed of slender agile medium-sized hound found chiefly in the Balearic Islands; said to have been bred originally by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt
subtype: Norwegian_elkhound__elkhound breed of compact medium-sized dog with a heavy gray coat developed in Norway for hunting elk
subtype: otterhound__otter_hound__otterhound hardy British hound having long pendulous ears and a thick coarse shaggy coat with an oily undercoat; bred for hunting otters
subtype: Saluki__gazelle_hound old breed of tall swift keen-eyed hunting dogs resembling greyhounds; from Egypt and southwestern Asia
subtype: Scottish_deerhound__deerhound very large and tall rough-coated dog bred for hunting deer; known as the royal dog of Scotland
subtype: staghound a large heavy hound formerly used in hunting stags and other large game; similar to but larger than a foxhound
subtype: Weimaraner large breed of hound having a smooth grayish coat; originated in Germany
subtype: dachshund__dachsie__badgerdog small long-bodied short-legged German breed of dog having a short sleek coat and long drooping ears; suited for following game into burrows
subtype: sausage_dog__sausagedog__sausage_hound__sausagehound informal term
subtype: terrier any of several usually small short-bodied breeds originally trained to hunt animals living underground
subtype: bullterrier__bull_terrier short-haired terrier originated in England by crossing the bulldog with terriers
subtype: Staffordshire_bullterrier English breed of strong stocky dog having a broad skull and smooth coat
subtype: American_Staffordshire_terrier__Staffordshire_terrier__American_pit_bull_terrier__pit_bull_terrier American breed of muscular terriers with a short close-lying stiff coat
subtype: Bedlington_terrier a light terrier groomed to resemble a lamb
subtype: Border_terrier small rough-coated terrier of British origin
subtype: Kerry_blue_terrier an Irish breed of medium-sized terriers with a silky blue-gray coat
subtype: Irish_terrier medium-sized breed with a wiry brown coat; developed in Ireland
subtype: Norfolk_terrier English breed of small terrier with a straight wiry red-and-black-and-tan or grizzled coat and dropped ears
subtype: Norwich_terrier English breed of small short-legged terrier with a straight wiry red or gray or black-and-tan coat and erect ears
subtype: Yorkshire_terrier very small breed having a long glossy coat of bluish-gray and tan
subtype: rat_terrier__ratterrier__ratter any of several breeds of terrier developed to catch rats
subtype: Manchester_terrier__black-and-tan_terrier__blackandtanterrier breed of short-haired black-and-tan terrier developed in Manchester England
subtype: toy_Manchester_terrier__toy_Manchester breed of small Manchester terrier
subtype: fox_terrier__foxterrier small lively black-and-white terriers formerly used to dig out foxes
subtype: smooth-haired_fox_terrier a fox terrier with smooth hair
subtype: wire-haired_fox_terrier a fox terrier with wiry hair
subtype: wirehair__wirehaired_terrier__wire-haired_terrier a terrier with wiry hair
subtype: Lakeland_terrier breed of wire-haired terrier originally from the English Lake District used for hunting
subtype: Welsh_terrier wire-haired terrier resembling airedales but smaller; developed in Wales for hunting
subtype: Sealyham_terrier__Sealyham a Welsh terrier first bred in Sealyham (Wales)
subtype: Airedale_terrier__Airedale breed of large wiry-coated terrier bred in Yorkshire
subtype: cairn_terrier__cairnterrier__cairn small rough-haired breed of terrier from Scotland
subtype: Australian_terrier small grayish wire-haired breed of terrier from Australia similar to the cairn
subtype: Dandie_Dinmont_terrier__Dandie_Dinmont a breed of small terrier with long wiry coat and drooping ears
subtype: Boston_bull__Boston_terrier small pug-faced American terrier breed having a smooth brindle or black coat with white markings
subtype: schnauzer old German breed of sturdy black or grayish wire-haired terriers having a blunt muzzle ranging in size from fairly small to very large; used as ratters and guard dogs or police dogs
subtype: miniature_schnauzer__miniatureschnauzer a small schnauzer
subtype: giant_schnauzer__giantschnauzer a large schnauzer
subtype: standard_schnauzer a medium-sized schnauzer
subtype: Scotch_terrier__Scottish_terrier__Scottie__scottie old Scottish breed of small long-haired usually black terrier with erect tail and ears
subtype: Tibetan_terrier__chrysanthemum_dog__chrysanthemumdog breed of medium-sized terriers bred in Tibet resembling Old English sheepdogs with fluffy curled tails
subtype: silky_terrier__silkyterrier__Sydney_silky Australian breed of toy dogs having a silky blue coat
subtype: Skye_terrier Scottish breed of terrier with shaggy hair and long low body with short legs
subtype: Clydesdale_terrier selectively bred small Skye terrier with erect ears and a long silky coat
subtype: soft-coated_wheaten_terrier Irish breed of medium-sized terrier with an abundant coat any shade of wheat and very hairy head and muzzle
subtype: West_Highland_white_terrier small white long-coated terrier developed in Scotland
subtype: Lhasa_apso__Lhasa a breed of terrier having a long heavy coat raised in Tibet as watchdogs
subtype: sporting_dog__gun_dog__gundog a dog trained to work with sportsmen when they hunt with guns
subtype: bird_dog a gun dog trained to locate or retrieve birds
subtype: water_dog__waterdog a dog accustomed to water and usually trained to retrieve waterfowl
subtype: retriever a dog with heavy water-resistant coat that can be trained to retrieve game
subtype: flat-coated_retriever an English breed having a shiny black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water
subtype: curly-coated_retriever an English breed having a tightly curled black or liver-colored coat; retrieves game from land or water
subtype: golden_retriever an English breed having a long silky golden coat
subtype: Labrador_retriever breed originally from Labrador having a short black or golden-brown coat
subtype: Chesapeake_Bay_retriever American breed having a short thick oily coat ranging from brown to light tan
subtype: Spanish_pointer__pointer a strong slender smooth-haired dog of Spanish origin having a white coat with brown or black patches; scents out and points game
subtype: German_short-haired_pointer liver or liver-and-white hunting dog developed in Germany; 3/4 pointer and 1/4 bloodhound
subtype: vizla__Hungarian_pointer Hungarian hunting dog resembling the Weimaraner but having a rich deep red coat
subtype: setter a long-haired dog formerly trained to crouch on finding game but now to point
subtype: English_setter an English breed having a plumed tail and a soft silky coat that is chiefly white
subtype: Irish_setter__red_setter__redsetter an Irish breed with a chestnut-brown or mahogany-red coat
subtype: Gordon_setter a Scottish breed with a black-and-tan coat
subtype: spaniel any of several breeds of small to medium-sized gun dogs with a long silky coat and long frilled ears
subtype: Brittany_spaniel tall active short-tailed French breed of bird dog having a usually smooth orange- or liver-and-white coat
subtype: clumber_spaniel__clumberspaniel__clumber a thickset spaniel with longish silky hair
subtype: field_spaniel__fieldspaniel large usually black hunting and retrieving spaniel with a dense flat or slightly wavy coat; cross between cocker and Sussex spaniel
subtype: springer_spaniel__springer a large spaniel with wavy silky coat usually black or liver and white
subtype: English_springer_spaniel__English_springer a breed having typically a black-and-white coat
subtype: Welsh_springer_spaniel a red-and-white breed slightly smaller than the English springer spaniel
subtype: English_cocker_spaniel__cocker_spaniel__cocker a small breed with a wavy silky hair originally developed in England
subtype: Sussex_spaniel an English breed with short legs and a golden liver-colored coat
subtype: water_spaniel__waterspaniel any dog of two large curly-coated breeds (the Irish and the American) used for hunting waterfowl
subtype: American_water_spaniel breed of medium-sized spaniels originating in America having chocolate or liver-colored curly coat
subtype: Irish_water_spaniel breed of large spaniels developed in Ireland having a heavy coat of liver-colored curls and a topknot of long curls and a nearly hairless tail
subtype: wire-haired_pointing_griffon__griffon breed of medium-sized long-headed dogs with downy undercoat and harsh wiry outer coat; originated in Holland but largely developed in France
subtype: working_dog__workingdog any of several breeds of usually large powerful dogs bred to work as draft animals and guard and guide dogs
subtype: watchdog__guard_dog__guarddog a dog trained to guard property
subtype: kuvasz long-established Hungarian breed of tall light-footed but sturdy white dog; used also as a hunting dog
subtype: attack_dog a watchdog trained to attack on command
subtype: housedog a dog trained to guard a house
subtype: schipperke breed of small stocky black dogs originally used as watchdogs on boats in the Netherlands and Belgium
subtype: pinscher any of three breeds of dogs whose ears and tail are usually cropped
subtype: Doberman_pinscher__Doberman medium large breed of dog of German origin with a glossy black and tan coat; used as a watchdog
subtype: miniature_pinscher__miniaturepinscher small German version of a Doberman pinscher
subtype: affenpinscher__monkey_pinscher__monkey_dog European breed of small dog resembling a terrier with dark wiry hair and a tufted muzzle
subtype: shepherd_dog__sheepdog__sheep_dog__sheepdog any of various usually long-haired breeds of dog reared to herd and guard sheep
subtype: Belgian_sheepdog__Belgian_shepherd hardy working dog developed in Belgium for herding sheep
subtype: groenendael black-coated sheepdog with a heavily plumed tail
subtype: malinois fawn-colored short-haired sheepdog
subtype: briard old French breed of large strong usually black dogs having a long tail and long wavy and slightly stiff coat
subtype: kelpie an Australian sheepdog with pointed ears
subtype: komondor Hungarian breed of large powerful shaggy-coated white dog; used also as guard dog
subtype: Old_English_sheepdog__bobtail large sheepdog with a profuse shaggy blue-gray-and-white coat and short tail; believed to trace back to Roman occupation of Britain
subtype: Shetland_sheepdog__Shetland_sheep_dog__Shetland small sheepdog developed in the Shetland Islands and resembling a collie
subtype: collie a silky-coated sheepdog with a long ruff and long narrow head developed in Scotland
subtype: Border_collie developed in the area between Scotland and England usually having a black coat with white on the head and tip of tail used for herding both sheep and cattle
subtype: Bouvier_des_Flandres__Bouviers_des_Flandres rough-coated breed used originally in Belgium for herding and guarding cattle
subtype: Rottweiler German breed of large vigorous short-haired cattle dogs
subtype: German_shepherd_dog__German_shepherd__German_police_dog__alsatian breed of large shepherd dogs used in police work and as a guide for the blind
subtype: police_dog any dog trained to assist police especially in tracking
subtype: Bernese_mountain_dog large powerful long-haired black-coated Swiss dog with deep tan or russet markings on legs and white blaze and feet and chest marking; formerly used for draft
subtype: boxer a breed of stocky medium-sized short-haired dog with a brindled coat and square-jawed muzzle developed in Germany
subtype: mastiff an old breed of powerful deep-chested smooth-coated dog used chiefly as a watchdog and guard dog
subtype: Tibetan_mastiff very large powerful rough-coated dog native to central Asia
subtype: bull_mastiff large powerful breed developed by crossing the bulldog and the mastiff
subtype: English_bulldog__bulldog a sturdy thickset short-haired breed with a large head and strong undershot lower jaw; developed originally in England for bull baiting
subtype: French_bulldog small stocky version of the bulldog having a sleek coat and square head
subtype: Great_Dane very large powerful smooth-coated breed of dog
subtype: guide_dog__guidedog__seeing-eye_dog a dog trained to guide the blind
subtype: hearing_dog__hearingdog dog trained to assist the deaf by signaling the occurrence of certain sounds
subtype: Saint_Bernard__St_Bernard a Swiss alpine breed of large powerful thick-coated dog used as a rescue dog
subtype: sled_dog__sledge_dog a dog trained to draw a sled usually in a team
subtype: Alaskan_malamute__malamute__malemute breed of sled dog developed in Alaska
subtype: Siberian_husky breed of sled dog developed in northeastern Siberia; they resemble the larger Alaskan malamutes
subtype: Eskimo_dog__husky breed of heavy-coated Arctic sled dog
subtype: dalmatian__coach_dog__coachdog__carriage_dog a large breed having a smooth white coat with black or brown spots; originated in Dalmatia
subtype: liver-spotted_dalmatian__liverspotteddalmatian a brown-spotted dalmatian
subtype: basenji small smooth-haired breed of African origin having a tightly curled tail and the inability to bark
subtype: pug-dog__pugdog__pug small compact smooth-coated breed of Asiatic origin having a tightly curled tail and broad flat wrinkled muzzle
subtype: Leonberg a large dog (usually with a golden coat) produced by crossing a St Bernard and a Newfoundland
subtype: Newfoundland breed of very large heavy usually black dogs developed in Newfoundland; highly intelligent and vigorous swimmers
subtype: Great_Pyrenees bred of large heavy-coated white dogs resembling the Newfoundland
subtype: spitz any of various stocky heavy-coated breeds of dogs native to northern regions having pointed muzzles and erect ears with a curled furry tail
subtype: Samoyede__Samoyed Siberian breed of white or cream dog of the spitz family
subtype: Pomeranian breed of very small compact long-haired dogs of the spitz type
subtype: chow_chow__chow breed of thick-coated medium-sized dogs with fluffy curled tails and distinctive blue-black tongues; believed to have originated in north China
subtype: keeshond a spitz-type dog having a shaggy grayish coat and tightly curled tail originating in Holland
subtype: Brussels_griffon__griffon__Belgian_griffon breed of various very small compact wiry-coated dogs of Belgian origin having a short bearded muzzle
subtype: Brabancon_griffon a variety of Brussels griffon having a short smooth coat
subtype: Welsh_corgi__corgi either of two Welsh breeds of long-bodied short-legged dogs with erect ears and a fox-like head
subtype: Pembroke_Welsh_corgi__Pembroke the smaller and straight-legged variety of corgi having pointed ears and a short tail
subtype: Cardigan_Welsh_corgi__Cardigan slightly bow-legged variety of corgi having rounded ears and a long tail
subtype: poodle_dog__poodle an intelligent dog with a heavy curly solid-colored coat that is usually clipped; an old breed sometimes trained as sporting dogs or as performing dogs
subtype: toy_poodle__toypoodle the smallest poodle
subtype: miniature_poodle__miniaturepoodle a small poodle
subtype: standard_poodle a medium-sized poodle
subtype: large_poodle__largepoodle the largest poodle
subtype: Mexican_hairless any of an old breed of small nearly hairless dogs of Mexico
subtype: smart_dog__smartdog
instance: Mindy
subtype: wolf any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs
subtype: timber_wolf__gray_wolf__Canis_lupus brindled gray wolf of forested northern regions of North America
subtype: white_wolf__whitewolf__Arctic_wolf__Canis_lupus_tundrarum wolf of arctic North America having white fur and a black-tipped tail
subtype: red_wolf__redwolf__manedwolf__Canis_rufus__Canis_niger reddish-gray wolf of southwestern North America
subtype: coyote__prairie_wolf__prairiewolf__brush_wolf__brushwolf__Canis_latrans small wolf native to western North America
subtype: coydog offspring of a coyote and a dog
subtype: jackal__Canis_aureus Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair
subtype: wild_dog any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves
subtype: Canis_dingo__dingo__warrigal__warragal wolflike yellowish-brown wild dog of Australia
subtype: dhole__Cuon_alpinus fierce wild dog of the forests of central and southeast Asia that hunts in packs
subtype: crab-eating_dog__crab-eating_fox__Dusicyon_cancrivorus wild dog of northern South America
subtype: raccoon_dog__raccoondog__Nyctereutes_procyonides small wild dog of eastern Asia having facial markings like those of a raccoon
subtype: African_hunting_dog__hyena_dog__hyenadog__Cape_hunting_dog__Lycaon_pictus a powerful doglike mammal of South and East Africa that hunts in large packs; now rare in settled area
subtype: hyena__hyaena doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion
subtype: striped_hyena__stripedhyena__Hyaena_hyaena of northern Africa and Arabia and India
subtype: brown_hyena__brownhyena__strand_wolf__Hyaena_brunnea of southern Africa
subtype: spotted_hyena__spottedhyena__laughing_hyena__Crocuta_crocuta African hyena noted for its distinctive howl
subtype: aardwolf__Proteles_cristata striped hyena of southeast Africa that feeds chiefly on insects
subtype: fox alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs
subtype: Reynard a conventional name for a fox used in tales following usage in the old epic "Reynard the Fox"
subtype: Vulpes_vulpes__red_fox the common Old World fox; having reddish-brown fur; commonly considered a single circumpolar species
subtype: black_fox__blackfox red fox in the color phase when its pelt is mostly black
subtype: silver_fox red fox in the color phase when its pelt is tipped with white
subtype: Vulpes_fulva__red_fox New World fox; often considered the same species las the Old World fox
subtype: prairie_fox__prairiefox__kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_velox small gray fox of the plains of western North America
subtype: kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_macrotis small gray fox of southwestern United States; may be a subspecies of Vulpes velox
subtype: arctic_fox__white_fox__whitefox__Alopex_lagopus thickly-furred fox of Arctic regions; brownish in summer and white in winter
subtype: blue_fox a variety of arctic fox having a pale gray winter coat
subtype: gray_fox__grey_fox__Urocyon_cinereoargenteus dark gray American fox; from Central America through southern United States
subtype: feline__felid any of various lithe-bodied round-headed fissiped mammals many with retractile claws
subtype: cat__true_cat feline mammal usually having thick soft fur and being unable to roar; domestic cats; wildcats
subtype: domestic_cat__cat__house_cat__housecat__Felis_domesticus__Felis_catus any domesticated member of the genus Felis
subtype: kitty-cat__kittycat__kitty__puss__pussy__pussycat informal terms
subtype: mouser a cat proficient at mousing
subtype: alley_cat__alleycat__stray homeless cat
subtype: tom male cat
subtype: gib a castrated tomcat
subtype: tabby__queen female cat
subtype: tabby_cat__tabbycat__tabby a cat with a gray or tawny coat mottled with black
subtype: tiger_cat__tigercat a cat having a striped coat
subtype: tortoiseshell-cat__tortoiseshellcat__tortoiseshell__calico_cat a cat having black and cream and yellowish markings
subtype: Persian_cat a long-haired breed of cat
subtype: Angora_cat__Angora a long-haired breed similar to the Persian cat
subtype: Siamese_cat__Siamese a slender short-haired blue-eyed breed of cat having a pale coat with dark ears paws face and tail tip
subtype: blue_point_Siamese Siamese cat having a bluish cream body and dark gray points
subtype: Burmese_cat a short-haired breed with body similar to the Siamese cat but having a solid dark brown or gray coat
subtype: Egyptian_cat a domestic cat of Egypt
subtype: Maltese_cat a short-haired bluish-gray cat breed
subtype: Abyssinian_cat__Abyssinian a small slender short-haired breed of African origin having brownish fur with a reddish undercoat
subtype: Manx_cat a short-haired tailless breed of cat believed to originate on the Isle of Man
subtype: wildcat any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild
subtype: sand_cat a desert-dwelling wildcat
subtype: European_wildcat__catamountain__Felis_silvestris bushy-tailed European wildcat resembling the domestic tabby and regarded as the ancestor of the domestic cat
subtype: cougar__puma__catamount__mountain_lion__painter__panther__Felis_concolor large American feline resembling a lion
subtype: ocelot__panther_cat__panthercat__Felis_pardalis nocturnal wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat
subtype: jaguarundi_cat__jaguarundi__jaguarondi__eyra__Felis_yagouaroundi long-bodied long-tailed tropical American wildcat
subtype: kaffir_cat__caffer_cat__Felis_ocreata widely distributed wildcat of Africa and Asia Minor
subtype: jungle_cat__Felis_chaus small Asiatic wildcat
subtype: Felis_serval__serval slender long-legged African wildcat having large untufted ears and tawny black-spotted coat
subtype: leopard_cat__leopardcat__Felis_bengalensis small spotted wildcat of southern Asia and Malaysia
subtype: Felis_tigrina__tiger_cat__tigercat medium-sized wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-striped coat
subtype: margay_cat__margay__Felis_wiedi small spotted wildcat found from Texas to Brazil
subtype: Felis_manul__manul__Pallas's_cat small wildcat of the mountains of Siberia Tibet and Mongolia
subtype: lynx__catamount short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur
subtype: common_lynx__Lynx_lynx of northern Eurasia
subtype: Canada_lynx__Lynx_canadensis__lynxcanadensi of northern North America
subtype: bobcat__bay_lynx__baylynx__Lynx_rufus small lynx of North America
subtype: spotted_lynx__spottedlynx__Lynx_pardina of southern Europe
subtype: Lynx_caracal__caracal__desert_lynx of deserts of northern Africa and southern Asia
subtype: big_cat__bigcat__cat any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild
subtype: leopard__Panthera_pardus large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots
subtype: leopardess female leopard
subtype: panther a leopard in the black color phase
subtype: snow_leopard__ounce__pantherauncia large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur
subtype: jaguar__panther__Panthera_onca__Felis_onca a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis
subtype: lion__king_of_beasts__Panthera_leo large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male
subtype: lioness__liones a female lion
subtype: lionet a small or young lion
subtype: Panthera_tigris__tiger large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered
subtype: Bengal_tiger southern short-haired tiger
subtype: tigress a female tiger
subtype: liger offspring of a male lion and a female tiger
subtype: tiglon__tigon offspring of a male tiger and a female lion
subtype: cheetah__chetah__Acinonyx_jubatus long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; can be trained to run down game
subtype: saber-toothed_tiger__sabertoothedtiger__sabertooth any of many extinct cats of the Old and New Worlds having long swordlike upper canine teeth; from the Oligocene through the Pleistocene
subtype: Smiledon_californicus North American sabertooth; culmination of sabertooth development
subtype: false_saber-toothed_tiger__falsesabertoothedtiger North American cat of the Miocene and Pliocene; much earlier and less specialized than members of the genus Smiledon
subtype: bear massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws
subtype: brown_bear__brownbear__bruin__Ursus_arctos large ferocious bear of Eurasia
subtype: Syrian_bear__Ursus_arctos_syriacus yellowish-gray Syrian brown bear
subtype: grizzly_bear__grizzlybear__grizzly__silvertip__Ursus_horribilis__Ursus_arctos_horribilis__ursusarctoshorribili powerful brownish-yellow bear of the uplands of western North America
subtype: Alaskan_brown_bear__Kodiak_bear__Kodiak__Ursus_middendorffi__Ursus_arctos_middendorffi brown bear of coastal Alaska and British Columbia
subtype: bruin a conventional name for a bear used in tales following usage in the old epic "Reynard the Fox"
subtype: American_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_americanus__Euarctos_americanus brown to black North American bear; smaller and less ferocious than the brown bear
subtype: cinnamon_bear reddish-brown color phase of the American black bear
subtype: Asiatic_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_thibetanus__Selenarctos_thibetanus black bear of central and eastern Asia
subtype: ice_bear__icebear__polar_bear__polarbear__Ursus_Maritimus__Thalarctos_maritimus white bear of arctic regions
subtype: sloth_bear__slothbear__Melursus_ursinus__Ursus_ursinus common coarse-haired long-snouted bear of south-central Asia
subtype: viverrine_mammal__viverrinemammal__viverrine small catlike predatory mammals of warmer parts of the Old World
subtype: civet__civet_cat__civetcat catlike mammal typically secreting musk used in perfumes
subtype: large_civet__largecivet__Viverra_zibetha common civet of India and southeast Asia
subtype: small_civet__smallcivet__Viverricula_indica__Viverricula_malaccensis common small civet of southeast Asia
subtype: binturong__bearcat__Arctictis_bintourong arboreal civet of Asia having a long prehensile tail and shaggy black hair
subtype: genus_Cryptoprocta__Cryptoprocta large primitive catlike carnivores inhabiting forests of Madagascar
subtype: fanaloka__Fossa_fossa civet of Madagascar
subtype: banded_palm_civet__Hemigalus_hardwickii E Indian civet
subtype: palm_cat__palm_civet spotted or striped arboreal civet of southeast Asia and East Indies
subtype: fossa_cat__fossacat__fossa__Cryptoprocta_ferox largest carnivore of Madagascar; intermediate in some respects between cats and civets
subtype: genet__Genetta_genetta agile Old World viverrine having a spotted coat and long ringed tail
subtype: mongoose agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents
subtype: Indian_mongoose__Herpestes_nyula keen-sighted viverrine of southern Asia about the size of a ferret; often domesticated
subtype: Herpestes_ichneumon__ichneumon North African mongoose; in ancient times thought to devour crocodile eggs
subtype: meerkat__mierkat South African mongoose-like viverrine having a face like a lemur and only four toes
subtype: slender-tailed_meerkat__Suricata_suricatta a meerkat with a thin and elongated tail
subtype: suricate__Suricata_tetradactyla burrowing diurnal meerkat of southern Africa; often kept as a pet
subtype: musteline_mammal__mustelinemammal__musteline fissiped fur-bearing carnivorous mammals
subtype: weasel small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck
subtype: ermine__shorttail_weasel__shorttailweasel__Mustela_erminea mustelid of northern hemisphere in its white winter coat
subtype: stoat the ermine in its brown summer coat with black-tipped tail
subtype: New_World_least_weasel__Mustela_rixosa of Canada and northeastern United States
subtype: Old_World_least_weasel__Mustela_nivalis of Europe
subtype: longtail_weasel__long-tailed_weasel__Mustela_frenata the common American weasel distinguished by large size and black-tipped tail
subtype: muishond southern African weasel
subtype: snake_muishond__snakemuishond__Poecilogale_albinucha small slender burrowing muishond with white top of the head
subtype: striped_muishond__stripedmuishond__Ictonyx_striata__ictonyxstriata ferret-sized muishond often tamed
subtype: zoril__Ictonyx_frenata north African muishond
subtype: mink slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur
subtype: American_mink__Mustela_vison usually rich dark brown
subtype: fitch__polecat__foulmart__foumart__Mustela_putorius dark brown mustelid of woodlands of Eurasia that gives off an unpleasant odor when threatened
subtype: ferret domesticated albino variety of the European polecat bred for hunting rats and rabbits
subtype: black-footed_ferret__ferret__Mustela_nigripes ferret of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct
subtype: otter freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur
subtype: river_otter__riverotter__Lutra_canadensis sociable aquatic animal widely distributed along streams and lake borders in North America
subtype: Eurasian_otter__Lutra_lutra otter found in Europe and Asia
subtype: sea_otter__seaotter__Enhydra_lutris large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur
subtype: polecat__skunk__wood_pussy American musteline mammal typically ejecting an intensely malodorous fluid when startled; in some classifications put in a separate subfamily Mephitinae
subtype: striped_skunk__stripedskunk__Mephitis_mephitis most common and widespread North American skunk
subtype: hooded_skunk__Mephitis_macroura of Mexico and southernmost parts of southwestern United States
subtype: hog-nosed_skunk__hognosedskunk__hognosed_skunk__badger_skunk__rooter_skunk__Conepatus_leuconotus large naked-muzzled skunk with white back and tail; of southwestern North America and Mexico
subtype: little_spotted_skunk__spotted_skunk__spottedskunk__Spilogale_putorius small skunk with a marbled black and white coat; of United States and Mexico
subtype: badger sturdy carnivorous burrowing mammal with strong claws widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
subtype: American_badger__Taxidea_taxus a variety of badger native to America
subtype: Eurasian_badger__Meles_meles a variety of badger native to Europe and Asia
subtype: ferret_badger small ferret-like badger of southeast Asia
subtype: hog_badger__hogbadger__hog-nosed_badger__hognosedbadger__sand_badger__Arctonyx_collaris SE Asian badger with a snout like a pig
subtype: ratel__honey_badger__honeybadger__Mellivora_capensis nocturnal badger-like carnivore of wooded regions of Africa and southern Asia
subtype: carcajou__wolverine__skunk_bear__skunkbear__Gulo_luscus stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal
subtype: Gulo_gulo__glutton wolverine of northern Eurasia
subtype: grison__Grison_vittatus__Galictis_vittatus carnivore of Central and South America resembling a weasel with a grayish-white back and dark underparts
subtype: marten_cat__marten agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels
subtype: pine_marten__Martes_martes dark brown marten of northern Eurasian coniferous forests
subtype: Martes_zibellina__sable marten of North Asian forests having luxuriant dark brown fur
subtype: American_marten__American_sable__Martes_americana valued for its fur
subtype: stone_marten__stonemarten__beech_marten__beechmarten__Martes_foina Eurasian marten having a brown coat with pale breast and throat
subtype: fisher_cat__fisher__pekan__black_cat__blackcat__Martes_pennanti large dark brown North American arboreal carnivorous mammal
subtype: yellow-throated_marten__Charronia_flavigula large yellow and black marten of S China and Burma
subtype: tayra__taira__Eira_barbara long-tailed arboreal mustelid of Central and South America
subtype: procyonid plantigrade carnivorous mammals
subtype: raccoon__racoon omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North and Central America
subtype: common_raccoon__common_racoon__coon__ringtail__Procyon_lotor North American raccoon
subtype: crab-eating_raccoon__Procyon_cancrivorus South American raccoon
subtype: bassarisk__cacomistle__cacomixle__coon_cat__raccoon_fox__raccoonfox__ringtail__ring-tailed_cat__civet_cat__civetcat__miner's_cat__Bassariscus_astutus raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings
subtype: kinkajou__honey_bear__honeybear__potto__Potos_flavus__Potos_caudivolvulus arboreal fruit-eating mammal of tropical America with a long prehensile tail
subtype: coati-mondi__coatimondi__coati__coati-mundi__coatimundi__coon_cat__Nasua_narica omnivorous mammal of Central and South America
subtype: lesser_panda__red_panda__redpanda__panda__bear_cat__cat_bear__catbear__ailurusfulgen reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore; in some classifications considered unrelated to the giant pandas
subtype: giant_panda__giantpanda__panda__panda_bear__pandabear__coon_bear__Ailuropoda_melanoleuca large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae
subtype: Fissipedia in some classifications considered a suborder of Carnivora
subtype: aardvark__ant_bear__antbear__Orycteropus_afer nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata
subtype: chiropteran nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate
subtype: fruit_bat__fruitbat__megabat large Old World bat of warm and tropical regions that feeds on fruit
subtype: flying_fox large bat with a head that resembles the head of a fox
subtype: Pteropus_capestratus a variety of fruit bat
subtype: Pteropus_hypomelanus a variety of fruit bat
subtype: harpy_bat__harpybat__harpy__tube-nosed_bat__tube-nosed_fruit_bat any of various fruit bats of the genus Nyctimene distinguished by nostrils drawn out into diverging tubes
subtype: Cynopterus_sphinx a variety of fruit eating bat
subtype: carnivorous_bat__carnivorousbat__microbat typically having large ears and feeding primarily on insects; worldwide in distribution
subtype: mouse-eared_bat__mouseearedbat a carnivorous bat with ears like a mouse
subtype: leafnose_bat__leaf-nosed_bat bat having a leaflike flap at the end of the nose; especially of the families Phyllostomatidae and Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae
subtype: macrotus__Macrotus_californicus large-eared grayish bat of southern California and northwestern Mexico
subtype: spearnose_bat__spearnosebat New World bat with a pointed nose leaf; found from southern United States to Paraguay
subtype: Phyllostomus_hastatus a variety of leaf-nosed bat
subtype: hognose_bat__hognosebat__Choeronycteris_mexicana small-eared Mexican bat with a long slender nose
subtype: horseshoe_bat__horseshoebat bat having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
subtype: horseshoe_bat.leafnose_bat__horseshoebat any of numerous bats of northwest Africa or Philippines or Australia having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
subtype: orange_bat__orange_horseshoe_bat__Rhinonicteris_aurantius a common bat of northwestern Australia having orange or yellow fur
subtype: false_vampire_bat__falsevampirebat__false_vampire__falsevampire any New or Old World carnivorous bat erroneously thought to suck blood but in fact feeding on insects
subtype: big-eared_bat__Megaderma_lyra large carnivorous Old World bat with very large ears
subtype: vespertilian_bat__vespertilionid a variety of carnivorous bat
subtype: frosted_bat__frostedbat__Vespertilio_murinus common Eurasian bat with white-tipped hairs in its coat
subtype: red_bat__redbat__Lasiurus_borealis North American brick or rusty red bat with hairs tipped with white
subtype: little_brown_bat__little_brown_myotis__Myotis_leucifugus the small common North American bat; widely distributed
subtype: cave_myotis__Myotis_velifer small bat of southwest United States that lives in caves etc.
subtype: big_brown_bat__bigbrownbat__Eptesicus_fuscus rather large North American brown bat; widely distributed
subtype: serotine__European_brown_bat__Eptesicus_serotinus common European brown bat
subtype: pallid_bat__cave_bat__Antrozous_pallidus drab yellowish big-eared cave-dwelling bat
subtype: pipistrelle__pipistrel__Pipistrellus_pipistrellus small European brown bat
subtype: eastern_pipistrel__easternpipistrel__Pipistrellus_subflavus one of the smallest bats of eastern North America
subtype: western_pipistrel__westernpipistrel__SPipistrellus_hesperus of western North America
subtype: jackass_bat__jackassbat__spotted_bat__spottedbat__Euderma_maculata large spotted bat of southwestern United States having enormous ears
subtype: long-eared_bat any of various Old or New World bats having very long ears
subtype: western_big-eared_bat__westernbigearedbat__Plecotus_townsendi bat of western North America having extremely large ears
subtype: brown_bat__brownbat any of numerous medium to small insectivorous bats found worldwide in caves and trees and buildings
subtype: freetail__freetailed_bat small swift bat with leathery ears and a long tail; common in warm regions
subtype: guano_bat__guanobat__Mexican_freetail_bat__Tadarida_brasiliensis the common freetail bat of southern United States having short velvety fur; migrates south for winter
subtype: pocketed_bat__pocketed_freetail_bat__Tadirida_femorosacca small brown bat of California and northern Mexico
subtype: mastiff_bat__mastiffbat a soft-furred chocolate-brown bat with folded ears and small wings; often runs along the ground
subtype: true_vampire_bat__vampire_bat__vampirebat any of various tropical American bats of the family Desmodontidae that bite mammals and birds to feed on their blood
subtype: Desmodus_rotundus mouse-sized bat of tropical Central and South America having sharp incisor and canine teeth; feeds on the blood of birds and mammals
subtype: hairy-legged_vampire_bat__Diphylla_ecaudata similar in size and habits to Desmodus rotundus; of tropical America including southern California and Texas
subtype: lagomorph__gnawing_mammal__gnawingmammal relative large gnawing animals; distinguished from rodents by having two pairs of upper incisors specialized for gnawing
subtype: Duplicidentata in former classifications considered a suborder of Rodentia coextensive with the order Lagomorpha: gnawing animals
subtype: leporid_mammal__leporidmammal__leporid rabbits and hares
subtype: rabbit__coney__cony any of various burrowing animals of the family Leporidae having long ears and short tails; some domesticated and raised for pets or food
subtype: lapin castrated male rabbit
subtype: bunny_rabbit__bunnyrabbit__bunny (usually informal) especially a young rabbit
subtype: European_rabbit__Old_World_rabbit__Oryctolagus_cuniculus common grayish-brown burrowing animal native to S Europe and North Africa but introduced elsewhere; widely domesticated and developed in various colors and for various needs; young born naked and helpless
subtype: wood_rabbit__cottontail__cottontail_rabbit common small rabbit of North America having grayish or brownish fur and a tail with a white underside; a host for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
subtype: eastern_cottontail__easterncottontail__Sylvilagus_floridanus widely distributed in United States except northwest and far west regions
subtype: swamp_rabbit__swamprabbit__swamp_hare__swamphare__Sylvilagus_aquaticus of southeastern United States swamps and lowlands
subtype: marsh_hare__marshhare__swamprabbit__sylvilaguspalustri of marshy coastal areas from North Carolina to Florida
subtype: Belgian_hare__leporide red breed of domestic rabbits; hybrid between Old World rabbit and hare
subtype: Angora_rabbit__Angora domestic breed with long white silky hair
subtype: hare swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes
subtype: leveret a young hare especially one in its first year
subtype: European_hare__Lepus_europaeus large hare introduced in North America; does not turn white in winter
subtype: jackrabbit large hare of western North America
subtype: white-tailed_jackrabbit__whitetail_jackrabbit__whitetailjackrabbit__Lepus_townsendi largest hare of northern plains and western mountains of United States; brownish-gray in summer and pale gray in winter; tail nearly always all white
subtype: blacktail_jackrabbit__blacktailjackrabbit__Lepus_californicus the common jackrabbit of grasslands and open areas of western United States; has large black-tipped ears and black streak on the tail
subtype: polar_hare__polarhare__Arctic_hare__Lepus_arcticus large hare of Arctic America almost completely white in winter
subtype: snowshoe_hare__snowshoe_rabbit__varying_hare__varyinghare__Lepus_americanus large large-footed North American hare; white in winter
subtype: pika__mouse_hare__mousehare__rock_rabbit__coney__cony small short-eared burrowing mammal of rocky uplands of Asia and western North America
subtype: little_chief_hare__Ochotona_princeps North American pika
subtype: collared_pika__Ochotona_collaris similar to little chief hare and may be same species
subtype: rodent__gnawer__gnawing_animal__gnawinganimal relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing
subtype: mouse any of numerous small rodents typically resembling diminutive rats having pointed snouts and small ears on elongated bodies with slender usually hairless tails
subtype: house_mouse__housemouse__Mus_musculus brownish-gray Old World mouse now a common household pest worldwide
subtype: harvest_mouse__harvestmouse__Micromyx_minutus small reddish-brown Eurasian mouse inhabiting e.g. cornfields
subtype: field_mouse__fieldmouse any nocturnal Old World mouse of the genus Apodemus inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
subtype: European_wood_mouse__Apodemus_sylvaticus nocturnal yellowish-brown mouse inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
subtype: wood_mouse any of various New World woodland mice
subtype: white-footed_mouse__vesper_mouse__Peromyscus_leucopus American woodland mouse with white feet and underparts
subtype: deer_mouse__Peromyscus_maniculatus brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus
subtype: cactus_mouse__Peromyscus_eremicus burrowing mouse of desert areas of southwestern United States
subtype: cotton_mouse__Peromyscus_gossypinus large dark mouse of southeastern United States
subtype: pygmy_mouse__pygmymouse__Baiomys_taylori very small dark grayish brown mouse resembling a house mouse; of Texas and Mexico
subtype: rat any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse
subtype: pocket_rat any of various rodents with cheek pouches
subtype: pocket_mouse any of various small nocturnal burrowing desert rodents with cheek pouches and long hind legs and tail
subtype: silky_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavus small pale yellowish soft-furred rodent of southwestern United States and Mexico
subtype: plains_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavescens small rodent of open areas of United States plains states
subtype: hispid_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_hispidus large stiff-haired rodent of shortgrass prairies of United States
subtype: Mexican_pocket_mouse__Liomys_irroratus large pocket mouse of Mexico
subtype: kangaroo_rat__desert_rat__Dipodomys_phillipsii any of various leaping rodents of desert regions of North America and Mexico; largest members of the family Heteromyidae
subtype: Ord_kangaroo_rat__Dipodomys_ordi most widely distributed kangaroo rat: plains and mountain areas of central and western United States
subtype: dwarf_pocket_rat__kangaroo_mouse small silky-haired pouched rodent; similar to but smaller than kangaroo rats
subtype: pocket_gopher__gopher__pouched_rat__pouchedrat burrowing rodent of the family Geomyidae having large external cheek pouches; of Central America and southwestern North America
subtype: plains_pocket_gopher__Geomys_bursarius gopher of chiefly grasslands of central North America
subtype: southeastern_pocket_gopher__Geomys_pinetis gopher of Alabama Georgia and Florida
subtype: valley_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_bottae of valleys and mountain meadows of western United States
subtype: northern_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_talpoides grayish to brown gopher of western and central United States
subtype: brown_rat__brownrat__Norway_rat__Rattus_norvegicus common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide
subtype: wharf_rat__wharfrat brown rat that infests wharves
subtype: sewer_rat__sewerrat brown rat commonly found in sewers
subtype: black_rat__blackrat__roof_rat__Rattus_rattus common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide
subtype: bandicoot_rat__bandicootrat__mole_rat burrowing scaly-tailed rat of India and Ceylon
subtype: jerboa_rat large Australian rat with hind legs adapted for leaping
subtype: kangaroo_mouse leaping rodent of Australian desert areas
subtype: rice_rat__Oryzomys_palustris hardy agile rat of grassy marshes of Mexico and the southeastern United States
subtype: murine a rodent that is a member of the family Muridae
subtype: water_rat__waterrat any of various amphibious rats
subtype: beaver_rat amphibious rat of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: New_World_mouse a variety of rodent
subtype: American_harvest_mouse__harvest_mouse__harvestmouse any of several small grayish New World mice inhabiting e.g. grain fields
subtype: muskrat__Ondatra_zibethica beaver-like aquatic rodent of North America with dark glossy brown fur
subtype: round-tailed_muskrat__Florida_water_rat__Neofiber_alleni of Florida wetlands
subtype: cotton_rat__Sigmodon_hispidus destructive long-haired burrowing rat of southern North America and Central America
subtype: wood_rat any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur gray above and white below with well-furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
subtype: vole__field_mouse__fieldmouse any of various small mouselike rodents of the family Cricetidae especially of genus Microtus having a stout short-tailed body and inconspicuous ears and inhabiting fields or meadows
subtype: grasshopper_mouse__grasshoppermouse insectivorous mouse of western North America
subtype: pine_vole__pine_mouse__Pitymys_pinetorum short-tailed glossy-furred burrowing vole of the eastern United States
subtype: meadow_vole__meadow_mouse__Microtus_pennsylvaticus widely distributed in grasslands of northern United States and Canada
subtype: Richardson_vole__water_vole__watervole__Microtus_richardsoni of western North America
subtype: prairie_vole__prairievole__Microtus_ochrogaster typical vole of the extended prairie region of central United States and southern Canada
subtype: water_vole__watervole__water_rat__waterrat__Arvicola_amphibius common large Eurasian vole
subtype: red-backed_mouse__redback_vole__redbackvole any of several voles of mountainous regions of Eurasia and America
subtype: phenacomys any of several vole-like terrestrial or arboreal rodents of cold forested regions of Canada and western United States
subtype: packrat__traderat__bushytail_woodrat__bushytailwoodrat__Neotoma_cinerea any of several bushy-tailed rodents of the genus Neotoma of western North America; hoards food and other objects
subtype: dusky-footed_woodrat__Neotoma_fuscipes host to Lyme disease tick (Ixodes pacificus) in northern California
subtype: eastern_woodrat__easternwoodrat__Neotoma_floridana large grayish-brown woodrat of the southeastern United States
subtype: hamster short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches
subtype: Eurasian_hamster__Cricetus_cricetus a variety of hamster common to Europe and Asia
subtype: golden_hamster__Syrian_hamster__Mesocricetus_auratus small light-colored hamster often kept as a pet
subtype: gerbil__gerbille small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping
subtype: jird North African gerbils
subtype: tamarisk_gerbil__Meriones_unguiculatus popular as a pet
subtype: Meriones_longifrons__sand_rat southern European gerbil
subtype: lemming any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents of circumpolar distribution
subtype: European_lemming__Lemmus_lemmus notable for mass migrations even into the sea where many drown
subtype: brown_lemming__brownlemming__Lemmus_trimucronatus of northwestern Canada and Alaska
subtype: gray_lemming__red-backed_lemming Old World lemming
subtype: pied_lemming North American lemming having a white winter coat and some claws much enlarged
subtype: Hudson_bay_collared_lemming__Dicrostonyx_hudsonius of northern Canada
subtype: southern_bog_lemming__Synaptomys_cooperi of low bogs and meadows of northeastern and central United States and southern Canada
subtype: northern_bog_lemming__Synaptomys_borealis of wet alpine and subalpine meadows of Canada and Alaska
subtype: porcupine__hedgehog relatively large rodents with sharp erectile bristles mingled with the fur
subtype: Old_World_porcupine terrestrial porcupine
subtype: brush-tailed_porcupine__brush-tail_porcupine porcupine with a tuft of large beaded bristles on the tail
subtype: long-tailed_porcupine__Trichys_lipura porcupine of Borneo and Sumatra having short spines and a long tail
subtype: New_World_porcupine arboreal porcupine
subtype: Canada_porcupine__Erethizon_dorsatum porcupine of northeastern North America with barbed spines concealed in the coarse fur; often gnaws buildings for salt and grease
subtype: jumping_mouse__jumpingmouse any of several primitive mouselike rodents with long hind legs and no cheek pouches; of woodlands of Eurasia and North America
subtype: meadow_jumping_mouse__Zapus_hudsonius widely distributed in northeastern and central United States and Canada
subtype: jerboa mouselike jumping rodent
subtype: typical_jerboa__typicaljerboa small nocturnal jumping rodent with long hind legs; of arid parts of North Africa and Asia
subtype: Jaculus_jaculus a variety of jerboa
subtype: dormouse small furry-tailed squirrel-like Old World rodent that becomes torpid in cold weather
subtype: loir__Glis_glis large European dormouse
subtype: hazel_mouse__hazelmouse__Muscardinus_avellanarius a variety of dormouse
subtype: lerot dormouse of southern Europe and northern Africa
subtype: squirrel a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail
subtype: tree_squirrel any typical arboreal squirrel
subtype: eastern_gray_squirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_carolinensis common medium-large squirrel of eastern North America; now introduced into England
subtype: western_gray_squirrel__Sciurus_griseus large gray squirrel of far western areas of United States
subtype: eastern_fox_squirrel__easternfoxsquirrel__fox_squirrel__foxsquirrel__Sciurus_niger exceptionally large arboreal squirrel of eastern United States
subtype: black_squirrel__blacksquirrel fox squirrel or gray squirrel in the black color phase
subtype: red_squirrel__redsquirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_vulgaris common reddish-brown squirrel of Europe and parts of Asia
subtype: American_red_squirrel__spruce_squirrel__red_squirrel__redsquirrel__Sciurus_hudsonicus__Tamiasciurus_hudsonicus of northern United States and Canada
subtype: chickeree__Douglas_squirrel__Tamiasciurus_douglasi far western United States counterpart of the red squirrel
subtype: ground_squirrel__gopher__spermophile any of various terrestrial burrowing rodents of Old and New Worlds; often destroy crops
subtype: whitetail_antelope_squirrel__antelope_squirrel__antelope_chipmunk__Citellus_leucurus small ground squirrel of western United States
subtype: mantled_ground_squirrel__Citellus_lateralis common black-striped reddish-brown ground squirrel of western North America; resembles a large chipmunk
subtype: suslik__souslik__Citellus_citellus rather large central Eurasian ground squirrel
subtype: flickertail__Richardson_ground_squirrel__Citellus_richardsoni of sagebrush and grassland areas of western United States and Canada
subtype: rock_squirrel__Citellus_variegatus large gray ground squirrel of rocky areas of the southwestern United States
subtype: Arctic_ground_squirrel__parka_squirrel__parkasquirrel__Citellus_parryi large ground squirrel of the North American far north
subtype: eastern_chipmunk__easternchipmunk__hackee__striped_squirrel__stripedsquirrel__ground_squirrel__Tamias_striatus small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches
subtype: chipmunk chipmunk of western America and Asia
subtype: baronduki__baranduki__barunduki__burunduki__eutamiusasiaticu__Eutamius_sibiricus terrestrial Siberian squirrel
subtype: American_flying_squirrel New World flying squirrels
subtype: southern_flying_squirrel__Glaucomys_volans small large-eyed nocturnal flying squirrel of eastern United States
subtype: northern_flying_squirrel__Glaucomys_sabrinus large flying squirrel; chiefly of Canada
subtype: Asiatic_flying_squirrel nocturnal rodent of Asia having furry folds of skin between forelegs and hind legs enabling it to move by gliding leaps
subtype: taguan__flying_marmot__flying_cat__Petaurista_petaurista East Indian flying squirrel
subtype: prairie_dog__prairiedog__prairie_marmot__prairiemarmot any of several rodents of North American prairies living in large complex burrows having a barking cry
subtype: blacktail_prairie_dog__blacktailprairiedog__Cynomys_ludovicianus tail is black tipped
subtype: whitetail_prairie_dog__whitetailprairiedog__Cynomys_gunnisoni tail is white tipped
subtype: marmot stocky coarse-furred burrowing rodent with a short bushy tail found throughout the northern hemisphere; hibernates in winter
subtype: groundhog__woodchuck__Marmota_monax reddish brown North American marmot
subtype: hoary_marmot__hoarymarmot__whistler__whistling_marmot__whistlingmarmot__Marmota_caligata large North American mountain marmot
subtype: yellowbelly_marmot__yellowbellymarmot__rockchuck__marmotaflaviventri heavy-bodied yellowish-brown marmot of rocky areas of western North America
subtype: beaver large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges
subtype: Old_World_beaver__Castor_fiber a European variety of beaver
subtype: New_World_beaver__Castor_canadensis a variety of beaver found in almost all areas of North America except Florida
subtype: mountain_beaver__sewellel__Aplodontia_rufa bulky nocturnal burrowing rodent of uplands of the Pacific coast of North America; the most primitive living rodent
subtype: cavy short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent
subtype: Cavia_cobaya__guinea_pig stout-bodied nearly tailless domesticated cavy; often kept as a pet and widely used in research
subtype: aperea__wild_cavy__Cavia_porcellus South American cavy; possibly ancestral to the domestic guinea pig
subtype: mara__Dolichotis_patagonum hare-like rodent of the pampas of Argentina
subtype: capybara__capibara__Hydrochoerus_hydrochaeris pig-sized tailless South American amphibious rodent with partly webbed feet; largest living rodent
subtype: agouti__Dasyprocta_aguti agile long-legged rabbit-sized rodent of Central and South America and West Indies; valued as food
subtype: Cuniculus_paca__paca large burrowing rodent of South and Central America; highly esteemed as food
subtype: mountain_paca rodent of mountains of western South America
subtype: Myocastor_coypus__coypu__nutria aquatic South American rodent resembling a small beaver; bred for its fur
subtype: Chinchilla_laniger__chinchilla small rodent with soft pearly gray fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur
subtype: mountain_chinchilla__mountain_viscacha a rodent native to the mountains of Chile and Peru and now bred in captivity
subtype: viscacha__chinchillon__Lagostomus_maximus gregarious burrowing rodent larger than the chinchillas
subtype: abrocome__chinchilla_rat__rat_chinchilla__ratchinchilla ratlike rodent with soft fur and large ears of the Andes
subtype: mole_rat furry short-limbed tailless rodent resembling a true mole in habits and appearance; of eastern Europe and Middle East
subtype: mole_rat.rodent__molerat African rodent resembling a mole in habits and appearance
subtype: sand_rat small nearly naked African mole rat of desert areas
subtype: Ungulata in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising all hoofed mammals; now divided into the orders Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
subtype: ungulate__hoofed_mammal any of a number of hoofed mammals superficially similar but not necessarily closely related taxonomically
subtype: dinocerate an extinct ungulate
subtype: dinoceras__dinocera__uintathere a variety of dinocerate
subtype: odd-toed_ungulate__perissodactyl__perissodactyl_mammal__perissodactylmammal placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot
subtype: equine__equid hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck
subtype: horse__Equus_caballus solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
subtype: roan horse having a roan coat
subtype: stablemate__stable_companion a horse stabled with another or one of several horses owned by the same person
subtype: gee-gee__geegee a word for horse used by children or in adult slang
subtype: eohippus__dawn_horse earliest horse; extinct primitive dog-sized 4-toed Eocene animal
subtype: mesohippus North American 3-toed Oligocene animal; probably not directly ancestral to modern horses
subtype: protohippus Pliocene horse approaching donkeys in size
subtype: female_horse__mare female equine animal
subtype: broodmare__stud_mare a female horse used for breeding
subtype: saddle_horse__riding_horse__mount a lightweight horse kept for riding only
subtype: remount a fresh horse especially (formerly) to replace one killed or injured in battle
subtype: palfrey (archaic) especially a light saddle horse for a woman
subtype: warhorse horse used in war
subtype: cavalry_horse__cavalryhorse horse trained for battle
subtype: charger formerly a strong horse ridden into battle
subtype: steed (literary) spirited horse for state or war
subtype: prancer a mettlesome or fiery horse
subtype: hack a saddle horse used for transportation rather than sport etc.
subtype: cow_pony__cowpony a light saddle horse trained for herding cattle
subtype: quarter_horse__quarterhorse a small powerful horse originally bred for sprinting in quarter-mile races in Virginia
subtype: Morgan an American breed of small compact saddle horses
subtype: Tennessee_walker__Tennessee_walking_horse__Walking_horse__Plantation_walking_horse a horse marked by stamina and trained to move at a fast running walk
subtype: American_saddle_horse a high-stepping horse originating in Kentucky
subtype: Appaloosa a hardy breed developed in western North America and characteristically having a spotted rump
subtype: Arabian__Arab a spirited graceful and intelligent riding horse native to Arabia
subtype: buckskin_horse__buckskin horse of a light yellowish dun color with dark mane and tail
subtype: crowbait an emaciated horse likely soon to become carrion and so attractive to crows
subtype: dun horse of a dull brownish gray color
subtype: gray_horse horse of a light grey or whitish color
subtype: pony a range horse of the western United States
subtype: mustang small hardy range horse of the western plains descended from horses brought by the Spanish
subtype: bronco__bronc__broncho an unbroken or imperfectly broken mustang
subtype: bucking_bronco__buckingbronco a vicious or unbreakable bronco
subtype: cayuse__Indian_pony a small native range horse
subtype: polo_pony a small agile horse specially bred and trained for playing polo
subtype: wild_horse undomesticated or feral domestic horse
subtype: tarpan__Equus_caballus_gomelini European wild horse extinct since the early 20th century
subtype: warrigal__warragal Australian wild horse
subtype: Przewalski's_horse__Przevalski's_horse__Equus_caballus_przewalskii__Equus_caballus_przevalskii wild horse of central Asia that resembles an ass; now endangered
subtype: hack.horse a horse kept for hire
subtype: jade__hack__nag__plug an old or over-worked horse
subtype: pony.horse any of various breeds of small gentle horses usually less than five feet high at the shoulder
subtype: Shetland_pony breed of very small pony with long shaggy mane and tail
subtype: Welsh_pony breed of small ponies originally from Wales
subtype: Exmoor stocky breed of pony with a fawn-colored nose
subtype: racehorse__bangtail__race_horse a horse bred for racing
subtype: pony.racehorse an informal term for a racehorse; "he liked to bet on the ponies"
subtype: yearling.racehorse a racehorse considered one year old until the second Jan. 1 following its birth
subtype: dark_horse a racehorse about which little is known
subtype: mudder a racehorse that runs well on a muddy racetrack
subtype: nonstarter a horse that fails to run in a race for which it has been entered
subtype: pacemaker__pacer__pacesetter a horse used to set the pace in racing
subtype: trotting_horse__trotter a horse trained to trot especially one trained for harness racing
subtype: pole_horse the horse having a starting position next to the inside rail in a harness race
subtype: steeplechaser a horse trained to run in steeplechases
subtype: stalking-horse a horse behind which a hunter hides while stalking game
subtype: harness_horse__harnesshorse horse used for pulling vehicles
subtype: cob.harness_horse stocky short-legged harness horse
subtype: hackney a compact breed of harness horse
subtype: workhorse a horse used for plowing and hauling and other heavy labor
subtype: plow_horse__plough_horse a horse used to pull a plow
subtype: draft_horse__draught_horse__draughthorse__dray_horse horse adapted for drawing heavy loads
subtype: carthorse__cart_horse__drayhorse draft horse kept for pulling carts
subtype: Clydesdale heavy feathered-legged breed of draft horse originally from Scotland
subtype: shire_horse__shirehorse__shire British breed of large heavy draft horse
subtype: poler__pole_horse a draft horse harnessed alongside the shaft or pole of a vehicle
subtype: wheel_horse__wheelhorse__wheeler a draft horse harnessed behind others and nearest the wheels of a vehicle
subtype: coach_horse__coachhorse strong draft horse for drawing coaches
subtype: packhorse a workhorse used as a pack animal
subtype: farm_horse__dobbin a quiet plodding workhorse
subtype: post_horse__poster a horse kept at an inn or post house for use by mail carriers or for rent to travelers
subtype: pacer a horse trained to a special gait in which both feet on one side leave the ground together
subtype: high_stepper__stepper a horse trained to lift its feet high off the ground while walking or trotting
subtype: chestnut a dark golden-brown or reddish-brown horse
subtype: liver_chestnut__liverchestnut a solid dark brown horse
subtype: bay.horse a horse of a moderate reddish-brown color
subtype: sorrel a horse of a brownish orange to light brown color
subtype: palomino a horse of light tan or golden color with cream or white mane and tail
subtype: pinto a spotted or calico horse or pony
subtype: ass__as hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse
subtype: domestic_ass__donkey__Equus_asinus domestic beast of burden descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn
subtype: burro small donkey used as a pack animal
subtype: moke British informal
subtype: jackass__jackas male donkey
subtype: jennet__jenny__jenny_ass__jennyas female donkey
subtype: wild_ass any of several plain-colored equine mammals of Asia and northeast Africa
subtype: African_wild_ass__Equus_asinus a wild ass of Africa
subtype: Equus_kiang__kiang wild ass of Tibet and Mongolia
subtype: Equus_hemionus__onager Asiatic wild ass
subtype: chigetai__dziggetai__Equus_hemionus_hemionus__equushemionushemionu Mongolian wild ass
subtype: mule sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse
subtype: hinny sterile offspring of a male horse and a female donkey or ass
subtype: zebra any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines
subtype: common_zebra__Burchell's_zebra__Equus_Burchelli of the plains of central and eastern Africa
subtype: mountain_zebra__Equus_zebra_zebra narrow-striped nearly extinct zebra of southern Africa
subtype: grevy's_zebra__grevy'szebra__Equus_grevyi zebra with less continuous stripes
subtype: Equus_quagga__quagga mammal of South Africa that resembled a zebra; extinct since late 19th century
subtype: rhinoceros__rhino massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout
subtype: Indian_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_unicornis having one horn
subtype: woolly_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_antiquitatis extinct thick-haired species of arctic regions
subtype: white_rhinoceros__Ceratotherium_simum__Diceros_simus large light-gray African rhinoceros having two horns; endangered; sometimes placed in genus Diceros
subtype: black_rhinoceros__Diceros_bicornis African rhino; in danger of extinction
subtype: tapir large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout
subtype: New_World_tapir__Tapirus_terrestris a tapir found in South and Central America
subtype: Malayan_tapir__Indian_tapir__Tapirus_indicus a tapir found in Malaya and Sumatra
subtype: even-toed_ungulate__artiodactyl__artiodactyl_mammal__artiodactylmammal placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot
subtype: swine stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals
subtype: pig__squealer__grunter__Sus_scrofa domestic swine
subtype: porker a pig fattened to provide meat
subtype: boar an uncastrated male hog
subtype: sow an adult female hog
subtype: razorback_hog__razorbackhog__razorback__razorbacked_hog__razorbackedhog thin-bodied mongrel hog of southeastern United States that is a wild or semi-wild descendant of improved breeds
subtype: wild_boar__boar__Sus_scrofa Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States
subtype: babirusa__babiroussa__babirussa__Babyrousa_Babyrussa Indonesian wild pig with enormous curved canine teeth
subtype: warthog African wild swine with warty protuberances on the face and large protruding tusks
subtype: peccary__musk_hog nocturnal gregarious pig-like wild animals of North and South America
subtype: collared_peccary__javelina__Tayassu_angulatus__Tayassu_tajacu__Peccari_angulatus dark gray peccary with an indistinct white collar; of semi desert areas of Mexico and southwestern United States
subtype: white-lipped_peccary__Tayassu_pecari blackish peccary with whitish cheeks; larger than the collared peccary
subtype: Chiacoan_peccary a recently discovered large wild pig of Paraguay
subtype: hippopotamus__hippo__river_horse__riverhorse__Hippopotamus_amphibius massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa
subtype: ruminant any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments
subtype: pollard a usually horned animal that as either shed its horns or had them removed
subtype: bovid hollow-horned ruminants
subtype: bovine any of various members of the genus Bos
subtype: wild_ox__ox any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos
subtype: aurochs__auroch__urus__Bos_primigenius large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle
subtype: Bos_grunniens__yak large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated
subtype: Bos_banteng__banteng__banting wild ox of the Malay Archipelago
subtype: Asian_wild_ox genus of Asiatic wild oxen
subtype: gaur__Bibos_gaurus wild ox of mountainous areas of eastern India
subtype: gayal__mithan__Bibos_frontalis ox of southeast Asia sometimes considered a domesticated breed of the gaur
subtype: cattle__cows__kine__oxen__Bos_taurus domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age: "so many head of cattle"; "wait till the cows come home"; "seven thin and ill-favored kine"- Bible; "a team of oxen"
subtype: ox an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus
subtype: stirk yearling heifer or bullock
subtype: steer__bullock castrated bull
subtype: bull.cattle uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle
subtype: bullock young bull
subtype: moo-cow__moocow__cow female of domestic cattle: "`moo-cow'" is a child's term"
subtype: springing_cow__springingcow__springer a cow about to give birth
subtype: heifer young cow
subtype: beef_cattle__beef cattle that are reared for their meat
subtype: Texas_longhorn__longhorn long-horned beef cattle formerly common in southwestern United States
subtype: Santa_Gertrudis Brahman and shorthorn crossbreed of red cattle; hardy in hot regions
subtype: Aberdeen_Angus__Angus__black_Angus black hornless breed from Scotland
subtype: Charolais large white or cream-colored breed from France
subtype: shorthorn__Durham English breed of short-horned cattle
subtype: Galloway breed of hardy black chiefly beef cattle native to Scotland
subtype: Hereford__whiteface hardy English breed of dairy cattle raised extensively in United States
subtype: cattalo hardy breed of cattle resulting from crossing domestic cattle with the American buffalo; yields leaner beef than conventional breeds
subtype: Welsh_Black__Welsh Welsh breed of dual-purpose cattle
subtype: red_poll__redpoll hornless short-haired breed of beef and dairy cattle
subtype: Africander tall large-horned humped south African cattle for meat or draft
subtype: dairy_cattle__dairycattle__dairy_cow__dairycow__milch_cow__milchcow__milk_cow__milcher__milker cattle that are reared for their milk
subtype: Ayrshire hardy breed from Ayr Scotland
subtype: Brown_Swiss large hardy brown breed from Switzerland
subtype: Jersey breed from the island of Jersey
subtype: milking_shorthorn__milkingshorthorn breed evolved from shorthorn beef cattle
subtype: Holstein-Friesian__Friesian__Holstein a breed of dairy cattle from northern Holland
subtype: Guernsey breed of dairy cattle from the island of Guernsey
subtype: Devon red dual-purpose cattle of English origin
subtype: Bos_indicus__Brahman__Brahma__Brahmin any of several breeds of Indian cattle; especially a large American heat and tick resistant grayish humped breed evolved in the Gulf States by interbreeding Indian cattle and now used chiefly for crossbreeding
subtype: zebu domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia
subtype: Old_World_buffalo__buffalo any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo
subtype: water_buffalo__waterbuffalo__water_ox__waterox__Asiatic_buffalo__Bubalus_bubalis Asiatic buffalo often domesticated for use as a draft animal
subtype: Indian_buffalo upland buffalo of eastern Asia where true water buffaloes do not thrive; used for draft and milk
subtype: carabao water buffalo of the Philippines
subtype: anoa__dwarf_buffalo__dwarfbuffalo__Anoa_depressicornis small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns
subtype: tamarau__tamarao__Bubalus_mindorensis__Anoa_mindorensis small buffalo of Mindoro in the Philippines
subtype: Cape_buffalo__Synercus_caffer large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves
subtype: bison any of several large shaggy-maned humped bovids having large heads and short horns
subtype: American_bison__American_buffalo__buffalo__bisonbison large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains
subtype: wisent__aurochs__auroch__Bison_bonasus European bison having a smaller and higher head than the North American bison
subtype: musk_ox__musk_sheep__Ovibos_moschatus large shaggy-coated bovid mammal of Canada and Greenland; intermediate in size and anatomy between an ox and a sheep
subtype: sheep woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
subtype: ewe female sheep
subtype: tup__ram uncastrated adult male sheep: "a British term is `tup'"
subtype: wether male sheep especially a castrated one
subtype: bellwether sheep that leads the herd often wearing a bell
subtype: black_sheep__blacksheep sheep with a black coat
subtype: domestic_sheep__Ovis_aries any of various breeds raised for wool or edible meat or skin
subtype: Cotswold sheep with long wool originating in the Cotswolds
subtype: Hampshire_down__Hampshire British breed of hornless dark-faced mutton sheep
subtype: Lincoln long-wooled mutton sheep originally from Lincolnshire
subtype: Exmoor.domestic_sheep__exmoor horned sheep of Devon; valued for mutton
subtype: Cheviot hardy hornless sheep of the Cheviot hills noted for its wool
subtype: caracul__karakul hardy coarse-haired sheep of central Asia; lambs are valued for their soft curly black fur
subtype: longwool a domestic long-wool sheep
subtype: merino_sheep__merino white sheep originating in Spain and producing a heavy fleece of exceptional quality
subtype: Rambouillet hardy sheep developed from the Merino producing both good mutton and fine wool
subtype: wild_sheep undomesticated sheep
subtype: argali__argal__Ovis_ammon wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia
subtype: Marco_Polo_sheep__Marco_Polo's_sheep__Ovis_poli Asiatic wild sheep with exceptionally large horns; sometimes considered a variety of the argali (or Ovis ammon)
subtype: urial__Ovis_vignei bearded reddish sheep of southern Asia
subtype: Dall_sheep__Dall's_sheep__white_sheep__whitesheep__Ovis_montana_dalli large white wild sheep of northwestern Canada and Alaska
subtype: mountain_sheep any wild sheep inhabiting mountainous regions
subtype: Rocky_Mountain_bighorn__bighorn__bighorn_sheep__bighornsheep__cimarron__Rocky_Mountain_sheep__Ovis_canadensis wild sheep of mountainous regions of western North America having massive curled horns
subtype: mouflon__moufflon__Ovis_musimon wild short-fleeced mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia
subtype: aoudad__arui__audad__Barbary_sheep__maned_sheep__manedsheep__Ammotragus_lervia wild sheep of northern Africa
subtype: caprine_animal__caprineanimal__goat any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns
subtype: kid young goat
subtype: billy_goat__billygoat__billy__he-goat male goat
subtype: nanny-goat__nannygoat__nanny__she-goat__shegoat female goat
subtype: domestic_goat__Capra_hircus any of various breeds raised for milk or meat or wool
subtype: Cashmere_goat__Kashmir_goat Himalayan goat having a silky undercoat highly prized as cashmere wool
subtype: Angora_goat__Angora raised for its long silky hair which is the true mohair
subtype: wild_goat undomesticated goat
subtype: bezoar_goat__pasang__Capra_aegagrus wild goat of Iran and adjacent regions
subtype: markhor__Capra_falconeri large Himalayan goat with large spiraled horns
subtype: Capra_ibex__ibex wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and North Africa having large recurved horns
subtype: goat_antelope bovid related to goats but having antelope-like features: mountain goats; gorals; serows; chamois; gnu goats
subtype: mountain_goat__Rocky_Mountain_goat__Oreamnos_americanus sure-footed mammal of mountainous northwestern North America
subtype: Naemorhedus_goral__goral small goat antelope with small conical horns; of South Asian mountains
subtype: serow short-horned dark-coated goat antelope of mountain areas of south and southeast Asia
subtype: chamois__Rupicapra_rupicapra hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips
subtype: takin__gnu_goat__gnugoat__budorcastaxicolor large heavily built goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area
subtype: antelope graceful Old World ruminant with long legs and horns directed upward and backward; includes gazelles; springboks; impalas; addax; gerenuks; blackbucks; dik-diks
subtype: blackbuck__black_buck__blackbuck__Antilope_cervicapra common Indian antelope with a dark back and spiral horns
subtype: gerenuk__Litocranius_walleri slender east African antelope with slim neck and backward-curving horns
subtype: addax__Addax_nasomaculatus large antelope with lightly spiraled horns of desert regions of North Africa
subtype: gnu__wildebeest large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail
subtype: dik-dik__dikdik any of several small antelopes of eastern Africa of the genus Madoqua; the size of a large rabbit
subtype: hartebeest large African antelope with lyre-shaped horns that curve backward
subtype: sassaby__topi__Damaliscus_lunatus large South African antelope; considered the swiftest hoofed mammal
subtype: impala__Aepyceros_melampus African antelope with ridged curved horns; moves with enormous leaps
subtype: gazelle small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes
subtype: Thomson's_gazelle__Gazella_thomsoni E African Gazelle; smallest gazelle
subtype: Gazella_subgutturosa a kind of gazelle
subtype: springbok__springbuck__Antidorcas_marsupialis__Antidorcas_euchore South African gazelle noted for springing lightly into the air
subtype: bongo__Tragelaphus_eurycerus__Boocercus_eurycerus large forest antelope of central Africa having a reddish-brown coat with white stripes and spiral horns
subtype: kudu__koodoo__koudou either of two spiral-horned antelopes of the African bush
subtype: greater_kudu__greaterkudu__tragelaphusstrepsicero a variety of kudu
subtype: lesser_kudu__Tragelaphus_imberbis a smaller variety of kudu
subtype: harnessed_antelope__harnessedantelope any of several antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus having striped markings resembling a harness
subtype: nyala__Tragelaphus_angasi spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck
subtype: bushbuck__guib__Tragelaphus_scriptus antelope with white markings like a harness and twisted horns
subtype: mountain_nyala__Tragelaphus_buxtoni shaggy antelope of mountains of Ethiopia
subtype: nilgai__nylghai__blue_bull__Boselaphus_tragocamelus large Indian antelope; male is blue-grey with white markings; female is brownish with no horns
subtype: sable_antelope__sableantelope__Hippotragus_niger large black east African antelope with sharp back-curving horns
subtype: saiga__Saiga_tatarica goat-like antelope of central Eurasia having a stubby nose like a proboscis
subtype: steenbok__steinbok__Raphicerus_campestris small plains antelope of southeastern Africa
subtype: eland either of two large African antelopes of the genus Taurotragus having short spirally twisted horns in both sexes
subtype: common_eland__Taurotragus_oryx dark fawn-colored eland of South and East Africa
subtype: giant_eland__gianteland__Taurotragus_derbianus large dark striped eland of western equatorial Africa
subtype: waterbuck any of several large African antelopes of the genus Kobus having curved ridged horns and frequenting e.g. swamps and rivers
subtype: Kobus_kob__kob an orange-brown antelope of southeast Africa
subtype: lechwe__Kobus_leche tawny-colored African antelope inhabiting wet grassy plains; a threatened species
subtype: puku__Adenota_vardoni an African antelope closely related to the waterbuck
subtype: oryx__pasang large African antelope with long straight nearly upright horns
subtype: gemsbok__gemsbuck__Oryx_gazella large South African oryx with a broad black band along its flanks
subtype: forest_goat__spindle_horn__spindlehorn__Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis cow-like creature with the glossy coat of a horse and the agility of a goat and the long horns of an antelope; characterized as a cow that lives the life of a goat
subtype: pronghorn_antelope__pronghornantelope__pronghorn__prongbuck__American_antelope__Antilocapra_americana fleet antelope-like ruminant of western North American plains with small branched horns
subtype: deer__cervid distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers
subtype: pricket male deer in his second year
subtype: fawn young deer
subtype: red_deer__reddeer__cervuselaphu common deer of temperate Europe and Asia
subtype: hart__stag male red deer
subtype: hind female red deer
subtype: brocket male red deer in its second year
subtype: sambar__sambur__Cervus_unicolor South Asian deer with three-tined antlers
subtype: wapiti__American_elk__Cervus_canadensis large North American deer with large much-branched antlers
subtype: Japanese_deer__sika__Cervus_nipon__Cervus_sika small deer of Japan with slightly forked antlers
subtype: Virginia_deer__white_tail__whitetail__white-tailed_deer__whitetail_deer__whitetaildeer__Odocoileus_Virginianus common North American deer; tail has a white underside
subtype: mule_deer__burro_deer__burrodeer__Odocoileus_hemionus long-eared deer of western North America with two-pronged antlers
subtype: black-tailed_deer__blacktail_deer__blacktaildeer__blacktail__odocoileushemionuscolumbianu mule deer of western Rocky Mountains
subtype: European_elk__elk__Alces_alces large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called elk in Europe and moose in North America
subtype: fallow_deer__Dama_dama small Eurasian deer
subtype: roe_deer__roedeer__Capreolus_capreolus small graceful deer of Eurasian woodlands having small forked antlers
subtype: roebuck male roe deer
subtype: Greenland_caribou__caribou__reindeer__Rangifer_tarandus arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called reindeer in Eurasia and caribou in North America
subtype: woodland_caribou__Rangifer_caribou any of several large caribou living in coniferous forests of southern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus
subtype: barren_ground_caribou__Rangifer_arcticus of tundra of northern Canada; in some classifications included in the species Rangifer tarandus
subtype: brocket.deer small South American deer with unbranched antlers
subtype: muntjac__barking_deer__barkingdeer small Asian deer with small antlers and a cry like a bark
subtype: musk_deer__Moschus_moschiferus small heavy-limbed upland deer of central Asia; male secretes valued musk
subtype: pere_david's_deer__elaphure__Elaphurus_davidianus large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds
subtype: chevrotain__mouse_deer__mousedeer very small hornless deer-like ruminant of tropical Asia and west Africa
subtype: Tragulus_kanchil__kanchil small chevrotain of southeastern Asia
subtype: napu__Tragulus_Javanicus chevrotain somewhat larger than the kanchil; found in India and Malaya
subtype: water_chevrotain__waterchevrotain__water_deer__waterdeer__Hyemoschus_aquaticus largest chevrotain; of marshy areas of west Africa
subtype: giraffe__camelopard__Giraffa_camelopardalis tallest living quadruped; having a spotted coat and small horns and very long neck and legs; of savannahs of tropical Africa
subtype: okapi__Okapia_johnstoni similar to the giraffe but smaller with much shorter neck and stripe on the legs
subtype: camel cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
subtype: Arabian_camel__dromedary__Camelus_dromedarius one-humped camel of the hot deserts of North Africa and southwestern Asia
subtype: Bactrian_camel__Camelus_bactrianus two-humped camel of the cold deserts of central Asia
subtype: llama wild or domesticated South American cud-chewing animal related to camels but smaller and lacking a hump
subtype: domestic_llama__Lama_peruana used in the Andes as a beast of burden and source of wool; considered a domesticated variety of the guanaco
subtype: guanaco__Lama_guanicoe wild llama
subtype: Lama_pacos__alpaca domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco
subtype: Vicugna_vicugna__vicuna small wild cud-chewing Andean animal similar to the guanaco but smaller; valued for its fleecy undercoat
subtype: Unguiculata in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising mammals with nails or claws; distinguished from hoofed mammals and cetaceans
subtype: unguiculate_mammal__unguiculatemammal__unguiculate a mammal having nails or claws
subtype: hyrax__coney__cony__dassie__das__da any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes
subtype: rock_hyrax__rock_rabbit__Procavia_capensis hyrax that lives in rocky areas
subtype: pachyderm any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals having very thick skin: elephant; rhinoceros; hippopotamus
subtype: edentate primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central and South America
subtype: armadillo burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates
subtype: peba__nine-banded_armadillo__Texas_armadillo__Dasypus_novemcinctus having nine hinged bands of bony plates; ranges from Texas to Paraguay
subtype: apar__three-banded_armadillo__Tolypeutes_tricinctus South American armadillo with three bands of bony plates
subtype: tatouay__cabassous__cabassou__Cabassous_unicinctus naked-tailed armadillo of tropical South America
subtype: peludo__poyou__Euphractus_sexcinctus Argentine armadillo with six movable bands and hairy underparts
subtype: giant_armadillo__giantarmadillo__tatou__tatu__Priodontes_giganteus about three feet long exclusive of tail
subtype: pichiciago__pichiciego__fairy_armadillo__fairyarmadillo__chlamyphore__Chlamyphorus_truncatus very small Argentine armadillo with pale silky hair and pink plates on head and neck
subtype: greater_pichiciego__greaterpichiciego__Burmeisteria_retusa of southern South America
subtype: tree_sloth__sloth any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits
subtype: three-toed_sloth__ai__Bradypus_tridactylus a sloth that has three long claws on each forefoot
subtype: Choloepus_didactylus__two-toed_sloth__unau relatively small fast-moving sloth
subtype: two-toed_sloth__unau__Choloepus_hoffmanni relatively small fast-moving sloth
subtype: megatherian_mammal__megatherianmammal__megatherian__megatheriid a large extinct ground sloth
subtype: ground_sloth__megathere gigantic extinct terrestrial sloth-like mammal of the Pliocene and Pleistocene in America
subtype: mylodontid a variety of extinct edentate
subtype: mapinguari supposed human-sized sloth-like creature reported sighted by Indians in the Amazon rain forest
subtype: mylodon large (bear-sized) extinct edentate mammal of the Pleistocene in South America
subtype: New_World_anteater__anteater any of several tropical American mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae which lack teeth and feed on ants and termites
subtype: ant_bear__antbear__giantanteater__great_anteater__greatanteater__tamanoir__Myrmecophaga_jubata large shaggy-haired toothless anteater with long tongue and powerful claws; of South America
subtype: silky_anteater__silkyanteater__two-toed_anteater__Cyclopes_didactylus squirrel-sized South American toothless anteater with long silky golden fur
subtype: tamandua__tamandu__lesser_anteater__Tamandua_tetradactyla small toothless anteater with prehensile tale and four-clawed forelimbs; of tropical South and Central America
subtype: pangolin__scaly_anteater__scalyanteater__anteater toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites
subtype: primate any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet
subtype: simian an ape or monkey
subtype: ape any of various primates with short tails or no tail at all
subtype: anthropoid_ape any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae
subtype: great_ape__greatape__pongid any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae
subtype: orangutan__orang__orangutang__Pongo_pygmaeus large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits
subtype: Gorilla_gorilla__gorilla largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa
subtype: western_lowland_gorilla__westernlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla a kind of gorilla
subtype: eastern_lowland_gorilla__easternlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_grauri a kind of gorilla
subtype: mountain_gorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_beringei gorilla of Kivu highlands
subtype: silverback an adult male gorilla with gray hairs across the back
subtype: chimpanzee__chimp__Pan_troglodytes intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests
subtype: western_chimpanzee__westernchimpanzee__Pan_troglodytes_verus masked or pale-faced chimpanzees of western Africa; distantly related to the eastern and central chimpanzees; possibly a distinct species
subtype: eastern_chimpanzee__easternchimpanzee__Pan_troglodytes_schweinfurthii long-haired chimpanzees of east-central Africa; closely related to the central chimpanzees
subtype: central_chimpanzee__centralchimpanzee__pantroglodytestroglodyte black-faced chimpanzees of central Africa; closely related to eastern chimpanzees
subtype: pygmy_chimpanzee__pygmychimpanzee__bonobo__Pan_paniscus small chimpanzee of swamp forests in Zaire; a threatened species
subtype: lesser_ape gibbons and siamangs
subtype: gibbon__Hylobates_lar smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies
subtype: siamang__Hylobates_syndactylus__Symphalangus_syndactylus large black gibbon of Sumatra having the 2nd and 3rd toes partially united by a web
subtype: anthropoid any member of the suborder Anthropoidea including monkeys and apes and hominids
subtype: hominoid a primate of the superfamily Hominoidea
subtype: proconsul an anthropoid ape of the genus Proconsul
subtype: Aegyptopithecus extinct primate of about 38 million years ago; fossils found in Egypt
subtype: Algeripithecus_minutus tiny (150 to 300 grams) extinct primate of 46 to 50 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid
subtype: hominid a primate of the family Hominidae
subtype: human__man__homo__human_being__humanbeing any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae
subtype: person__individual__someone__somebody__mortal__human__human_being__humanbeing__soul a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"
subtype: self a person considered as a unique individual; "one's own self"
subtype: number_one (informal) a reference to yourself or myself etc.; "take care of number one" means to put your own interests first
subtype: grownup__adult a fully developed person from maturity onward
subtype: caregiver a person who is responsible for attending to the needs of a child or dependent adult
subtype: catch.grownup__match a person regarded as a good matrimonial prospect
subtype: centrist__middle_of_the_roader__moderate__moderationist a person who takes a position in the political center
subtype: eccentric__character__type__case a person of a specified kind (usually with many eccentricities); "a strange character"; "a friendly eccentric"; "the capable type"; "a mental case"
subtype: conservative__conservativist a person who has conservative ideas or opinions
subtype: rugged_individualist__capitalist an advocate of capitalism
subtype: conformist someone who conforms to established standards of conduct (especially in religious matters)
subtype: hardliner someone who is uncompromising
subtype: minimalist.conservative a conservative who advocates only minor reforms in government or politics
subtype: reactionary__ultraconservative__extreme_right-winger__extremerightwinger an extreme conservative; an opponent of progress or liberalism
subtype: Bourbon a reactionary politician in the United States (usually from the South)
subtype: Blimp__Colonel_Blimp (British) any elderly pompous reactionary ultranationalistic person (after the cartoon character created by Sir David Low)
subtype: rightist__right-winger__rightwinger a member of a right wing political party
subtype: fascist an adherent of fascism or other right-wing authoritarian views
subtype: Blackshirt a member of the Italian fascist party before World War II
subtype: Nazi a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party
subtype: Brownshirt a member of the German Nazi SA which wore brown uniforms
subtype: storm_trooper__stormtrooper a member of the Nazi S.A.
instance: Karl_Adolf_Eichmann__Eichmann__Adolf_Eichmann Paul_Joseph_Goebbels__Goebbels__Joseph_Goebbels Hermann_Wilhelm_Goring__Goring__Goering__Hermann_Goring__Hermann_Goering__Hermann_Wilhaelm_Goering Walther_Richard_Rudolf_Hess__Hess__Rudolf_Hess Heinrich_Himmler__Himmler Adolf_Hitler__Hitler__Der_Fuhrer
subtype: monarchist__royalist an advocate of the principles of monarchy
subtype: Cavalier a royalist supporter of Charles I during the English Civil War
subtype: Orleanist a supporter of the Orleans branch of the French Bourbons that was descended from a younger brother of Louis XIV
subtype: Tory.rightist__tory a supporter of traditional political and social institutions against the forces of reform; a political conservative
subtype: square_toes__square (informal) a formal and conservative person with old-fashioned views
subtype: traditionalist__diehard one who adheres to traditional views
subtype: Rip_van_Winkle.traditionalist__ripvanwinkle a person oblivious to social changes
subtype: elder.grownup__senior a person who is older than you are
subtype: doyen__dean a man who is the senior member of a group; "he is the dean of foreign correspondents"
subtype: doyenne a woman who is the senior member of a group
subtype: ex-spouse a person who was formerly a spouse
subtype: host a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there
subtype: hostess.host a woman host
subtype: important_person__importantperson__influential_person__influentialperson__personage a person whose actions and opinions strongly influence the course of events
subtype: big_shot__bigshot__big_wheel__bigwheel__head_honcho (informal) an important influential person
subtype: famous_person__celebrity a widely known person; "he was a baseball celebrity"
subtype: immortal a person (such as an author) of enduring fame; "Shakespeare is one of the immortals"
subtype: social_lion__lion a celebrity who is lionized (much sought after)
subtype: luminary__leading_light__leadinglight__guiding_light__guidinglight__notable__notability a celebrity who is an inspiration to others; "he was host to a large gathering of luminaries"
subtype: personality.famous_person a person of considerable prominence; "she is a Hollywood personality"
subtype: colossus__behemoth__giant__heavyweight__titan a person of exceptional importance and reputation
subtype: elder_statesman.important_person__elderstatesman any influential person whose advice is highly respected
subtype: Excellency a title used to address dignitaries (such as ambassadors or governors); usually preceded by Your or His or Her: "Your Excellency"
subtype: fixer__influence_peddler__influencepeddler someone who intervenes with authorities for a person in trouble (usually using underhand or illegal methods for a fee)
subtype: heavy_hitter__heavyhitter an influential person who works hard to promote the causes they are interested in
subtype: high-muck-a-muck__pooh-bah an arrogant or conceited person of importance
subtype: kingpin__top_banana__topbanana__bigwig the most important person in a group or undertaking
subtype: magnificio a person of distinguished rank or appearance
subtype: public_figure__name__figure a well-known or notable person; "they studied all the great names in the history of France"; "she is an important figure in modern music"
subtype: policy_maker someone who sets the plan pursued by a government or business etc.; "policy makers often make the right decision for the wrong reason"
subtype: power_broker__powerbroker a person who is important by virtue of the people or votes they control; "a power broker who does you a favor will expect you to return it"
subtype: sacred_cow a person unreasonably held to be immune to criticism
subtype: sirdar an important person in India
subtype: socialite a socially prominent person
subtype: sun.important_person a person considered as a source of warmth or energy or glory etc
subtype: VIP__very_important_person__high-up__dignitary__panjandrum__high_muckamuck an important or influential (and often overbearing) person
subtype: worthy word is often used humorously
subtype: Jack_of_all_trades a person able to do a variety of different jobs acceptably well
subtype: progressive__liberal a person who favors a political philosophy of progress and reform and the protection of civil liberties
subtype: latitudinarian a person who is broad-minded and tolerant (especially in standards of religious belief and conduct)
subtype: neoliberal a liberal who subscribes to neoliberalism
subtype: pluralist someone who believes that distinct ethnic or cultural or religious groups can exist together in society
subtype: Whig urged social reform in 19th century England
subtype: liberal a person who favors an economic theory of laissez-faire and self-regulating markets
subtype: militarist__warmonger a person who advocates war or warlike policies
subtype: war_hawk__warhawk__hawk an advocate of an aggressive policy on foreign relations
subtype: oldster__old_person__oldperson__senior_citizen an elderly person
subtype: antediluvian a very old (or old fashioned) person
subtype: centenarian someone who is at least 100 years old
subtype: curmudgeon a crusty irascible cantankerous old person full of stubborn ideas
subtype: dodderer one who dodders from old age and weakness
subtype: dodo__fogy__fogey__fossil (informal) someone whose style is out of fashion
subtype: dotard an oldster in his dotage; someone whose age has impaired his intellect
subtype: has-been__hasbeen__back-number someone who is no longer popular
subtype: nonagenarian someone whose age is in the nineties
subtype: octogenarian someone whose age is in the eighties
subtype: old_boy__oldboy a vivacious elderly man
subtype: greybeard__old_man__graybeard__Methuselah a man who is very old
subtype: old_codger__oldcodger__codger used affectionately to refer to an eccentric but amusing old man
subtype: patriarch.greybeard a man who is older and higher in rank than yourself
subtype: mossback__old-timer__oldtimer__gaffer__old_geezer__oldgeezer__antique an elderly man
subtype: old_woman__oldwoman a woman who is old
subtype: beldam__beldame a woman of advanced age
subtype: granny__matriarch an old woman
subtype: hag__beldame__crone an ugly evil-looking old woman
subtype: mother.old_woman a term of address for an elderly woman
subtype: septuagenarian someone whose age is in the seventies
subtype: sexagenarian someone whose age is in the sixties
subtype: pacifist__pacificist__disarmer someone opposed to violence as a means of settling disputes
subtype: peacenik__dove someone who prefers negotiations to armed conflict in the conduct of foreign relations
subtype: patrician a person of refined upbringing and manners
subtype: pledger someone who makes or gives a pledge
subtype: professional_person__professional a person engaged in one of the learned professions
subtype: careerist a professional who follows a career
subtype: career_girl a woman who follows a professional career
subtype: career_man a man who follows a professional career
subtype: craftsman a professional whose work is consistently of high quality; "as an actor he was a consummate craftsman"
subtype: critic a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art
subtype: art_critic__artcritic a critic of paintings
instance: Roger_Eliot_Fry__Fry__Roger_Fry John_Ruskin__Ruskin
subtype: literary_critic a critic of literature
instance: Matthew_Arnold__Arnold Van_Wyck_Brooks__Brooks John_Anthony_Ciardi__Ciardi__John_Ciardi Jacques_Derrida__Derrida__derrida Herman_Northrop_Frye__Frye__Northrop_Frye William_Hazlitt__Hazlitt Henry_Louis_Mencken__Mencken__H._L._Mencken Ivor_Armstrong_Richards__Richards__I._A._Richards Sir_Stephen_Harold_Spender__Spender__Stephen_Spender Lionel_Trilling__Trilling Carl_Clinton_Van_Doren__Van_Doren__Carl_Van_Doren Edmund_Wilson__Wilson
subtype: newspaper_critic__newspapercritic a critic who writes a column for the newspapers
instance: Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker John_Orley_Allen_Tate__Tate__Allen_Tate
subtype: educator__pedagogue someone who educates
subtype: academic__academician__faculty_member__facultymember an educator who works at a college or university
subtype: professor someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university
subtype: assistant_professor__assistantprofessor a teacher or lower rank than an associate professor
subtype: associate_professor__associateprofessor a teacher lower in rank than a full professor but higher than an assistant professor
subtype: full_professor a professor of the highest rank
subtype: Regius_professor holder of a British professorship created by a royal patron
subtype: visiting_professor a professor visiting another college or university to teach for a limited time
subtype: lector__lecturer__reader a public lecturer at certain universities
subtype: school_principal__principal__head_teacher__head the educator who has executive authority for a school; "she sent unruly pupils to see the principal"
subtype: chancellor (British) the honorary or titular head of a university
subtype: headmaster__schoolmaster__master presiding officer of a school
subtype: housemaster teacher in charge of a school boardinghouse
subtype: headmistress a woman headmaster
subtype: schoolmaster any person (or institution) who acts as an educator
subtype: instructor__teacher a person whose occupation is teaching
subtype: art_teacher__artteacher someone who teaches art
subtype: private_instructor__privateinstructor__coach__tutor a person who gives private instruction (as in singing or acting)
subtype: crammer.private_instructor a teacher who is paid to cram students for examinations
subtype: demonstrator a teacher or teacher's assistant who demonstrates the principles that are being taught
subtype: English_teacher__englishteacher__English_professor someone who teaches English
subtype: French_teacher someone who teaches French
subtype: governess__governes a woman entrusted with the care and supervision of a child (especially in a private home)
subtype: instructress a woman instructor
subtype: math_teacher__mathematics_teacher__mathematicsteacher someone who teaches mathematics
subtype: geometry_teacher someone who teaches geometry
subtype: missionary someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program
instance: David_Livingstone__Livingstone Marcus_Whitman__Whitman Saint_Francis_Xavier__Xavier
subtype: music_teacher__musicteacher someone who teaches music
subtype: piano_teacher__pianoteacher someone who teaches students to play the piano
subtype: preceptor__don (British) teacher at a university of college (especially at Cambridge or Oxford)
subtype: reading_teacher__readingteacher someone who teaches students to read
subtype: riding_master someone who teaches horsemanship
subtype: schoolteacher__school_teacher a teacher in a school below the college level
subtype: games-master__gamesmaster__games-mistress the teacher in charge of games at a school
subtype: schoolmarm__schoolmistress__mistress a woman schoolteacher
instance: John_Thomas_Scopes__Scopes__John_Scopes
subtype: science_teacher__scienceteacher someone who teaches science
subtype: section_man__sectionman someone who teaches a section of a large college course
subtype: catechist one who instructs catechumens in preparation for baptism
subtype: teaching_fellow a graduate student with teaching responsibilities
instance: Mary_McLeod_Bethune__Bethune Louis_Braille__Braille Dale_Carnegie__Carnegie John_Amos_Comenius__Comenius__Jan_Amos_Komensky John_Dewey__Dewey Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Froebel__Froebel__Friedrich_Froebel Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet__Gallaudet Mark_Hopkins__Hopkins Robert_Maynard_Hutchins__Hutchins Lucy_Craft_Laney__Laney Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell__Lowell Horace_Mann__Mann William_Holmes_McGuffey__McGuffey Montessori__Maria_Montesorri James_Naismith__Naismith Carl_Orff__Orff Elizabeth_Palmer_Peabody__Peabody__peabody__elizabethpeabody Sir_Isaac_Pitman__Pitman Anne_Mansfield_Sullivan__Sullivan__Anne_Sullivan Booker_Taliaferro_Washington__Washington__Booker_T._Washington Andrew_Dickson_White__White__Andrew_D._White Emma_Hart_Willard__Willard John_Witherspoon__Witherspoon
subtype: health_professional__health_care_provider__caregiver a person who helps in identifying or preventing or treating illness or disability
subtype: bonesetter someone (not necessarily a licensed physician) who sets broken bones
subtype: electrologist someone skilled in the use of electricity to remove moles or warts or hair roots
subtype: medical_assistant__medicalassistant a person trained to assist medical professionals
subtype: medical_practitioner__medicalpractitioner__medical_man__medicalman someone who practices medicine
subtype: dentist__tooth_doctor__toothdoctor__dental_practitioner a person qualified to practice dentistry
subtype: dental_surgeon a dentist qualified to perform surgical procedures
subtype: endodontist a dentist specializing in diseases of the dental pulp and nerve
subtype: exodontist a dentist specializing in the extraction of teeth
subtype: orthodontist a dentist specializing in the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth
subtype: pedodontist a dentist who specializes in the care of children's teeth
subtype: periodontist a dentist specializing in diseases of the gums and other structure surrounding the teeth
subtype: prosthodontist a dentist who is expert in prosthodontics
subtype: doc__physician__MD__Dr.__medico a licensed medical practitioner; "I felt so bad I went to see my doctor"
subtype: abortionist a person (who should be a doctor) who terminates pregnancies
subtype: allergist a physician skilled in the diagnosis and treatment of allergies
subtype: angiologist a physician who specializes in angiology
subtype: medical_extern__medicalextern__extern a nonresident doctor or medical student; connected with a hospital but not living there
subtype: gastroenterologist a physician who specializes in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: general_practitioner__generalpractitioner__GP a physician who is not a specialist but treats all illnesses
subtype: country_doctor__countrydoctor a doctor who practices in the country (rather than in a city) usually remote from a modern hospital; "do country doctors still make house calls?"
subtype: family_doctor a general practitioner who treats all the family members
subtype: house_physician__housephysician__resident__resident_physician a physician (especially an intern) who lives in a hospital and cares for hospitalized patients under the supervision of the medical staff of the hospital
subtype: medical_intern__medicalintern__intern__interne__houseman an advanced student or graduate in medicine gaining supervised practical experience (`houseman' is a British term)
subtype: quack an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice
subtype: medical_specialist__medicalspecialist__specialist practices one branch of medicine
subtype: anesthesiologist__anesthetist__anaesthetist a specialist who administers an anesthetic to a patient before he is treated
subtype: baby_doctor__pediatrician__pediatrist__paediatrician a specialist in the care of babies
instance: Harold_Hirschsprung__Hirschsprung Benjamin_Spock__Spock
subtype: cardiologist__heart_specialist__heartspecialist__heart_surgeon__heartsurgeon a specialist in cardiology; a specialist in the structure and function and disorders of the heart
subtype: chiropodist__foot_doctor__podiatrist a specialist in care for the feet
subtype: dermatologist__skin_doctor a doctor who specializes in the physiology and pathology of the skin
subtype: diagnostician__pathologist a doctor who specializes in medical diagnosis
subtype: etiologist__aetiologist a specialist in the etiology of diseases
instance: Sir_Howard_Walter_Florey__Florey__Howard_Florey Karl_Landsteiner__Landsteiner Sir_James_Paget__Paget Francis_Peyton_Rous__Rous__Peyton_Rous Rudolf_Karl_Virchow__Virchow__Rudolf_Virchow
subtype: diplomate medical specialist whose competence has been certified by a diploma granted by an appropriate professional group
subtype: ear_doctor__eardoctor__ear_specialist__earspecialist__otologist a physician who specializes in the ear and its diseases
instance: Prosper_Meniere__Meniere
subtype: endocrinologist physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the endocrine system
instance: Henry_Hubert_Turner__Turner
subtype: ENT_man__ear-nose-and-throat_doctor__otolaryngologist__otorhinolaryngologist__rhinolaryngologist a specialist in the disorders of the ear or nose or throat
subtype: gerontologist__geriatrician a specialist in gerontology
subtype: gynecologist__gynaecologist__woman's_doctor__woman'sdoctor a specialist in gynecology
subtype: hematologist__haematologist a doctor who specializes in diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
subtype: internist a specialist in internal medicine
subtype: neurologist__brain_doctor__braindoctor a medical specialist in the nervous system and the disorders affecting it
instance: Jean_Martin_Charcot__Charcot__charcot Harvery_Williams_Cushing__Cushing__Harvey_Cushing Sigmund_Freud__Freud Baron_Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing__Krafft-Ebing__Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette__Tourette__Gilles_de_la_Tourette Karl_Wernicke__Wernicke
subtype: obstetrician__accoucheur a physician specializing in obstetrics
subtype: perinatologist an obstetrician specializing in perinatology
subtype: oncologist a specialist in oncology
subtype: ophthalmologist__eye_doctor__eyedoctor__oculist a medical doctor specializing in the treatment of diseases of the eye
instance: Hermann_Snellen__Snellen
subtype: orthopedist__orthopaedist a specialist in correcting deformities of the skeletal system (especially in children)
subtype: orthoptist a specialist in orthoptics
subtype: proctologist a doctor specializing in diseases of the rectum and anus
subtype: psychiatrist__head-shrinker__shrink a physician who specializes in psychiatry
subtype: alienist a psychiatrist and specialist in the legal aspects of mental illness
subtype: psychoanalyst__analyst a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis
instance: Sigmund_Freud__Freud Melanie_Klein__Klein
instance: Karl_Theodor_Jaspers__Jaspers__Karl_Jaspers Charles_Frederick_Menninger__Menninger__Charles_Menninger Karl_Augustus_Menninger__Menninger__Karl_Menninger William_Claire_Menninger__Menninger__William_Menninger Harry_Stack_Sullivan__Sullivan
subtype: radiographer a person who makes radiographs
subtype: radiologist a medical specialist who uses radioactive substances and X-rays in the treatment of disease
subtype: rheumatologist a physician specializing in rheumatic diseases
subtype: urologist a specialist in urology
subtype: operating_surgeon__operatingsurgeon__surgeon__sawbones a physician who specializes in surgery
subtype: amputator a surgeon who remove part or all of a limb
subtype: cosmetic_surgeon__plastic_surgeon__plasticsurgeon a surgeon who beautifies the body (especially the face)
subtype: neurosurgeon__brain_surgeon__brainsurgeon someone who does surgery on the nervous system (especially the brain)
instance: Alexis_Carrel__Carrel Michael_Ellis_De_Bakey__De_Bakey William_Crawford_Gorgas__Gorgas Joseph_Lister__Lister__Baron_Lister James_Parkinson__Parkinson Walter_Reed__Reed
subtype: veterinarian__veterinary__veterinary_surgeon__vet a doctor who practices veterinary medicine
subtype: horse_doctor__horsedoctor a veterinarian who treats horses
instance: Robert_Barany__Barany Sir_David_Bruce__Bruce__David_Bruce Burrill_Bernard_Crohn__Crohn John_L._H._Down__Down Christiaan_Eijkman__Eijkman Etienne-Louis_Arthur_Fallot__etiennelouisarthurfallot__Fallot William_Gilbert__Gilbert William_Harvey__Harvey Thomas_Hodgkin__Hodgkin Aletta_Jacobs__Jacobs Edward_Jenner__Jenner Harry_F._Klinefelter__Klinefelter__Harry_Fitch_Kleinfelter Clemence_Sophia_Harned_Lozier__Lozier Sir_Patrick_Manson__Manson Friedrich_Anton_Mesmer__Mesmer__Franz_Anton_Mesmer Philippus_Aureolus_Paracelsus__Paracelsus__Theophrastus_Philippus_Aureolus_Bombastus_von_Hohenheim Peter_Mark_Roget__Roget Sir_Ronald_Ross__Ross Benjamin_Rush__Rush Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer Anna_Howard_Shaw__Shaw Sir_James_Young_Simpson__Simpson Thomas_Sydenham__Sydenham__The_English_Hippocrates Erik_Adolf_von_Willebrand__Willebrand__von_Willebrand__E._A._von_Willebrand
subtype: inoculator__vaccinator a medical practitioner who inoculates people against diseases
subtype: medical_officer__medicalofficer__medic a medical practitioner in the armed forces
subtype: flight_surgeon a medical officer specializing in aviation medicine
subtype: surgeon_general the senior medical officer in an army or navy
instance: Hippocrates
subtype: nurse one skilled in caring for the sick (usually under the supervision of a physician)
subtype: graduate_nurse__trained_nurse__trainednurse someone who has completed the course of study (including hospital practice) at a nurses training school
subtype: licensed_practical_nurse__LPN__practical_nurse__practicalnurse a nurse who has enough training to be licensed by a state to provide routine care for the sick
subtype: head_nurse__matron a woman in charge of nursing in a medical institution
subtype: midwife__accoucheuse a woman skilled in aiding the delivery of babies
subtype: probationer__student_nurse__studentnurse a nurse in training who is undergoing a trial period
subtype: registered_nurse__RN a graduate nurse who has passed examinations for registration
subtype: nurse-midwife__nursemidwife a registered nurse who has received special training as a midwife
subtype: nurse_practitioner__nursepractitioner__NP__nurse_clinician__nurseclinician a registered nurse who has received special training and can perform many of the duties of a physician
subtype: scrub_nurse__scrubnurse a nurse who helps a surgeon prepare for surgery
subtype: visiting_nurse a nurse who is paid to visit the sick in their homes
instance: Edith_Louisa_Cavell__Cavell__Edith_Cavell Florence_Nightingale__Nightingale__the_Lady_with_the_Lamp Margaret_Higgins_Sanger__Sanger__Margaret_Sanger
subtype: pharmacist__druggist__chemist__pill_pusher__pill_roller a health professional trained in the art of preparing and dispensing drugs
subtype: pharmacologist__pharmaceutical_chemist someone trained in the science of drugs (their composition and uses and effects)
instance: Otto_Loewi__Loewi
subtype: lawyer__attorney a professional person authorized to practice law; conducts lawsuits or gives legal advice
subtype: advocate__counsel__counselor__counsellor__counselor-at-law__pleader a lawyer who pleads cases in court
subtype: ambulance_chaser__ambulancechaser a lawyer who incites accident victims to sue
subtype: barrister a British lawyer who speaks in the higher courts of law
subtype: Counsel_to_the_Crown a barrister selected to serve as counsel to the British ruler
subtype: King's_Counsel Counsel to the Crown when the British monarch is a king
subtype: Queen's_Counsel Counsel to the Crown when the British monarch is a queen
subtype: serjeant-at-law__serjeant__sergeant-at-law__sergeant an English barrister of the highest rank
subtype: conveyancer a lawyer who specializes in the business of conveying properties
subtype: defense_attorney__defenseattorney__defenselawyer the lawyer representing the defendant
subtype: divorce_lawyer__divorcelawyer a lawyer specializing in actions for divorce or annulment
subtype: prosecutor__prosecuting_officer__prosecutingofficer__prosecuting_attorney__prosecutingattorney a lawyer who conducts criminal prosecutions on behalf of the state
subtype: district_attorney__DA an official prosecutor for a judicial district
subtype: state's_attorney__state'sattorney__state_attorney__stateattorney a prosecuting attorney for a state
subtype: public_defender a lawyer who represents indigent defendants at public expense
subtype: solicitor a British lawyer who gives legal advice and prepares legal documents
subtype: law_agent__lawagent a solicitor holding a certificate from the Law Society of Scotland
subtype: trial_attorney__trialattorney__trial_lawyer__triallawyer a lawyer who specializes in defending clients before a court of law
instance: William_Jennings_Bryan__Bryan__the_Great_Commoner__The_Boy_Orator_of_the_Platte Clarence_Seward_Darrow__Darrow__Clarence_Darrow Arthur_Garfield_Hays__Hays William_Harrison_Hays__Hays__Will_Hays John_Edgar_Hoover__Hoover__J._Edgar_Hoover Francis_Scott_Key__Key President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln
subtype: librarian__bibliothec a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services
subtype: cataloger__cataloguer a librarian who classifies publication according to a categorial system
subtype: practitioner__practician someone who practices a learned profession
subtype: clinician a practitioner (of medicine or psychology) who does clinical work instead of laboratory experiments
subtype: homeopath__homoeopath a practitioner of homeopathy
subtype: publisher a person engaged in publishing periodicals or books or music
instance: Karl_Baedeker__Baedeker Henry_Oscar_Houghton__Houghton Henry_Robinson_Luce__Luce__Henry_Luce Keith_Rupert_Murdoch__Murdoch__Rupert_Murdoch Adolph_Simon_Ochs__Ochs
subtype: yuppie a young upwardly mobile professional person; someone under 40 who prospered during the 1980s
subtype: sobersides a serious and sedate individual
subtype: sophisticate__man_of_the_world a worldly-wise person
subtype: city_slicker__city_boy a city dweller with sophisticated manners
subtype: cosmopolitan__cosmopolite a sophisticated person who has travelled in many countries
subtype: globetrotter__world_traveler__worldtraveler someone who travels widely and often
subtype: stay-at-home__homebody a person who seldom goes anywhere; one not given to wandering or travel
subtype: stoic__unemotional_person__unemotionalperson someone who is seemingly indifferent to emotions
subtype: thoroughbred a well-bred person
subtype: adventurer__venturer a person who enjoys taking risks
subtype: argonaut someone engaged in a dangerous but potentially rewarding adventure
subtype: adventuress a woman adventurer
subtype: cowboy someone who is reckless or irresponsible (especially in driving vehicles)
subtype: daredevil__madcap__hothead__swashbuckler__lunatic__harum-scarum__harumscarum a reckless impetuous irresponsible person
subtype: tearaway (British) a reckless and impetuous person
subtype: risk_taker__gambler someone who risks loss or injury in the hope of gain or excitement
subtype: hotspur a rash or impetuous person
subtype: mercenary__soldieroffortune a person hired to fight for another country than their own
subtype: mountaineer__mountain_climber someone who climbs mountains
subtype: alpinist a mountain climber who specializes in difficult climbs
instance: Sir_Edmund_Percival_Hillary__Hillary__Edmund_Hillary__Sir_Edmund_Hillary Tenzing_Norgay
subtype: parachutist__parachuter a person who jumps from aircraft using a parachute
subtype: plunger__speculator someone who risks losses for the possibility of considerable gains
subtype: hedger.plunger someone who counterbalances one transaction (as a bet) against another in order to protect against loss
subtype: operator.plunger a speculator who trades aggressively on stock or commodity markets
subtype: scalper someone who buys something and resells it at a price far above the initial cost; "he got theater tickets through a scalper"
subtype: ticket_tout__tout (British) someone who buys tickets to an event in order to resell them at a profit
subtype: venture_capitalist__venturecapitalist a speculator who makes money available for innovative projects (especially in high technology)
instance: Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova_de_Seingalt__Casanova__Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova__Casanova_de_Seingalt
subtype: unusual_person__unusualperson__anomaly a person who is unusual
subtype: anachronism.unusual_person a person who seems to be displaced in time; who belongs to another age
subtype: aberrant one whose behavior departs substantially from the norm of a group
subtype: albino a person with albinism: white hair and pink eyes and milky skin
subtype: automaton__zombi__zombie someone who acts or responds in a mechanical or apathetic way; "only an automaton wouldn't have noticed"
subtype: eccentric_person__eccentricperson__oddball a person with an unusual or odd personality
subtype: crackpot__crank__nut__nutcase__fruitcake__screwball a whimsically eccentric person
subtype: goliath__giant__behemoth__monster__colossus someone or something that is abnormally large and powerful
subtype: Jekyll_and_Hyde__jekyllandhyde someone with two personalities - one good and one evil
subtype: kook__odd_fellow__oddfellow__odd_fish__oddfish__queer_bird__queerbird__queer_duck__queerduck__odd_man_out__oddmanout someone regarded as eccentric or crazy and standing out from a group
subtype: misfit someone unable to adapt to their circumstances
subtype: anthropoid.misfit__ape person who resembles a non-human primate
subtype: dork__jerk a dull stupid fatuous person
subtype: addle-head__addlehead__loon__birdbrain a person with confused ideas; incapable of serious thought
subtype: rare_bird__rara_avis a rare or unique person
subtype: transsexual.unusual_person a person who has undergone a sex change operation
subtype: ugly_duckling an ugly or unpromising child who grows into a beautiful or worthy person
subtype: applicant__applier a person who requests or seeks something such as assistance or employment or admission
subtype: aspirant__aspirer__wannabe an ambitious and aspiring young person; "a lofty aspirant"; "two executive hopefuls joined the firm"; "the audience was full of Madonna wannabes"
subtype: bidder someone who makes an offer
subtype: claimant someone who claims a benefit or right or title; "claimants of unemployment compensation"; "he was a claimant to the throne"
subtype: Pretender a claimant to the throne or to the office of ruler (usually without just title)
subtype: job_candidate__jobcandidate an applicant who is being considered for a job
subtype: material.applicant a person judged suitable for admission or employment; "he was university material"; "she was vice-presidential material"
subtype: petitioner__suppliant__supplicant one praying humbly for something: "a suppliant for her favors"
subtype: besieger.petitioner an energetic petitioner
subtype: postulant one submitting a request or application especially one seeking admission into a religious order
subtype: solicitor.petitioner a petitioner who seeks contributions or trade
subtype: possible.applicant an applicant who might be suitable
subtype: probable an applicant likely to be chosen
subtype: submitter someone who submits something (as an application for a job or a manuscript for publication etc.) for the judgment of others; "he was a prolific submitter of proposals"
subtype: appointee.person__appointment a person who is appointed to a job or position
subtype: bad_person__badperson a person who does harm to others
subtype: wrongdoer__offender a person who transgresses moral or civil law
subtype: abuser__maltreater someone who abuses
subtype: attacker__aggressor__assailant__assaulter someone who attacks
subtype: ambusher an attacker who waits in a concealed position to launch a surprise attack
subtype: avenger__retaliator someone who takes vengeance
subtype: beast__wolf__savage__brute__wildcat a cruelly rapacious person
subtype: bully__tough__hooligan__ruffian__roughneck__rowdy__yob__yobo__yobbo a cruel and brutal fellow
subtype: bullyboy a swaggering tough; usually one acting as an agent of a political faction
subtype: muscleman a bully employed by a gangster
subtype: skinhead a young person who belongs to a British or American group that shave their heads and gather at rock concerts or engage in white supremacist demonstrations
subtype: tough_guy__toughguy__plug-ugly someone who bullies weaker people
subtype: Ted__Teddy_boy (Brit) a tough youth of 1950's and 1960's wearing Edwardian style clothes
subtype: harasser__harrier a persistent attacker; "the harassers were not members of the regular army"
subtype: marauder__predator__vulture someone who attacks in search of booty
subtype: night_rider__nightrider__nightrider member of a secret mounted band in United States south after the Civil War; committed acts of intimidation and revenge
subtype: raper__rapist someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse
subtype: shedder__spiller an attacker who sheds or spills blood; "a great hunter and spiller of blood"
subtype: stabber someone who stabs another person
subtype: stoner__lapidator an attacker who pelts the victim with stones (especially with intent to kill)
subtype: convict a person convicted of a criminal offence
subtype: first_offender__firstoffender someone convicted for the first time
subtype: criminal__felon__crook__outlaw__malefactor someone who has committed (or been legally convicted of) a crime
subtype: accessory__accessary someone who helps another person commit a crime
subtype: abettor__abetter one who helps or encourages or incites another
subtype: accessory_after_the_fact__accessoryafterthefact a person who gives assistance or comfort to someone known to be a felon or known to be sought in connection with the commission of a felony
subtype: accessory_before_the_fact a person who procures or advises or commands the commission of a felony but who is not present at its perpetration
subtype: accessory_during_the_fact a person who witnesses a crime but does not try to prevent it
subtype: confederate__collaborator__henchman__partner_in_crime someone who assists in a plot
subtype: arsonist__incendiary__firebug a criminal who illegally sets fire to property
subtype: barnburner someone who burns down a barn
subtype: blackmailer__extortioner__extortionist a criminal who extorts money from someone by threatening to expose embarrassing information about them
subtype: bootlegger__moonshiner someone who makes or sells illegal liquor
subtype: briber__suborner someone who pays (or otherwise incites) you to commit a wrongful act
subtype: conspirator__plotter a member of a conspiracy
instance: Guy_Fawkes__Fawkes Titus_Oates__Oates
subtype: desperado__desperate_criminal__desperatecriminal a bold outlaw (especially on the American frontier)
subtype: fugitive_from_justice__fugitive someone who is sought by law officers; someone trying to elude justice
subtype: absconder someone who runs away and hides to avoid arrest or prosecution
subtype: escapee someone who escapes
subtype: gangster__mobster a criminal who is a member of gang
subtype: apache a Parisian gangster
subtype: yardie member of an international gang of Jamaican criminals who sell drugs and violence; "A much publicized raid on a yardie stronghold had first been simulated at Riot City"
instance: Alphonse_Capone__Capone__Al_Capone__Scarface
subtype: highbinder a corrupt politician
subtype: highjacker__hijacker someone who uses force to take over a vehicle (especially an airplane) in order to reach an alternative destination
subtype: hoodlum__hood__goon__punk__thug__tough__toughie__strong-armer an aggressive and violent young criminal
subtype: kidnapper__abductor__snatcher someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom)
subtype: crimper someone who tricks or coerces men into service as sailors or soldiers
subtype: shanghaier__seizer a kidnapper who drugs men and takes them for compulsory service aboard a ship
subtype: gangster's_moll__moll__gun_moll__gunmoll the girl friend of a gangster
subtype: murderer__liquidator__manslayer a criminal who commits homicide (who performs the unlawful premeditated killing of another human being)
subtype: assassin__assassinator__bravo a murderer (especially one who kills a prominent political figure) who kills by a treacherous surprise attack and often is hired to do the deed; "his assassins were hunted down like animals"; "assassinators of kings and emperors"
instance: John_Wilkes_Booth__Booth Lee_Harvey_Oswald__Oswald
subtype: butcher a brutal indiscriminate murderer
subtype: cutthroat someone who murders by cutting the victim's throat
subtype: fratricide.murderer a person who murders their brother or sister
subtype: gunslinger__gunman__hired_gun__hiredgun__gun__triggerman__hit_man__hitman__torpedo__shooter a professional killer who uses a gun
subtype: hatchet_man__hatchetman__iceman a professional killer
subtype: infanticide.murderer a person who murders an infant
subtype: murderess__murderes a woman murderer
subtype: parricide.murderer someone who kills his or her parent
subtype: matricide.parricide a person who murders their mother
subtype: patricide.parricide a person who murders their father
subtype: ripper a murderer who slashes the victims with a knife; "Jack the ripper was probably a madman"
subtype: serial_killer__serial_murderer someone who murders more than three victims one at a time in a relatively short interval
instance: Jack_the_Ripper
subtype: parolee__probationer someone released on probation or on parole
subtype: drug_peddler__pusher__peddler__drug_dealer__drug_trafficker an unlicensed dealer in illegal drugs
subtype: racketeer some who commits crimes for profit (especially one who obtains money by fraud or extortion)
subtype: bagman a racketeer assigned to collect or distribute payoff money
subtype: raper__rapist someone who forces another to have sexual intercourse
subtype: recidivist__repeater__habitual_criminal someone who is repeatedly arrested for criminal behavior (especially for the same criminal behavior)
subtype: scofflaw one who habitually ignores the law and does not answer court summonses
subtype: smuggler__runner__contrabandist__mooncurser someone who imports or exports without paying duties
subtype: gunrunner__arms-runner a smuggler of guns
subtype: rumrunner someone who illegally smuggles liquor across a border
subtype: thief__stealer a criminal who takes property belonging to someone else with the intention of keeping it or selling it
subtype: bandit__brigand an armed thief who is (usually) a member of a band
subtype: shoplifter__booster__lifter a thief who steals goods that are on display in a store
subtype: burglar a thief who enters a building with intent to steal
subtype: housebreaker__cat_burglar a burglar who unlawfully breaks into and enters another person's house
subtype: dacoit__dakoit (in India and Burma) a member of an armed gang of robbers
subtype: embezzler__peculator__defalcator someone who violates a trust by taking (money) for their own use
subtype: body_snatcher__graverobber__ghoul someone who takes bodies from graves and sells them for anatomical dissection
subtype: graverobber someone who steals valuables from graves or crypts
subtype: holdup_man__stickup_man__stickupman an armed thief
subtype: highwayman__highjacker__hijacker__road_agent a holdup man who stops a vehicle and steals from it
subtype: footpad__padder a highwayman who robs on foot
instance: Dick_Turpin__Turpin
subtype: larcenist__larcener a person who commits larceny
subtype: pickpocket__cutpurse__dip a thief who steals from the pockets or purses of others in public places
subtype: plagiarist__plagiarizer__literarypirate__pirate someone who uses another person's words or ideas is they were his own
subtype: plunderer__pillager__looter__spoiler__raider__freebooter someone who takes spoils or plunder (as in war)
subtype: pirate__buccaneer__sea_robber__searobber__sea_rover__searover someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation
subtype: Barbary_pirate__corsair a pirate along the Barbary coast
instance: Khayr_ad-Din__Barbarossa
subtype: sea_king__seaking a Viking pirate chief
instance: Jean_Laffite__Laffite__Lafitte__Jean_Lafitte Sir_Henry_Morgan__Morgan__Henry_Morgan Bartholomew_Roberts__Roberts Edward_Teach__Teach__Thatch__Edward_Thatch__Blackbeard
subtype: robber a thief who steals from someone by threatening violence
subtype: bank_robber a robber of banks
subtype: mugger a robber who takes property by threatening or performing violence on the person who is robbed (usually on the street)
subtype: rustler__cattle_thief someone who steals livestock (especially cattle)
subtype: safebreaker__safecracker__cracksman a thief who breaks open safes to steal valuable contents
subtype: snatcher a thief who grabs and runs; "a purse snatcher"
subtype: sneak_thief__pilferer__snitcher a thief who steals without using violence
subtype: wharf_rat.sneak_thief__wharfrat someone who lives near wharves and lives by pilfering from ships or warehouses
subtype: traitor__treasonist someone who betrays his country by committing treason
subtype: collaborator__collaborationist__quisling someone who collaborates with an enemy occupying force
subtype: fifth_columnist__fifthcolumnist__saboteur a member of a clandestine subversive organization who tries to help a potential invader
subtype: traitress__traitres female traitor
instance: Benedict_Arnold__Arnold
subtype: violator__lawbreaker someone who violates the law
instance: William_H._Bonney__Bonney__Billie_the_Kid Jesse_James__James Robert_MacGregor__MacGregor__Rob_Roy
subtype: deceiver__cheat__cheater__trickster__beguiler__slicker someone who leads you to believe something that is not true
subtype: bluffer a person who tries to bluff other people
subtype: swindler__chiseller__chiseler__gouger__scammer__sharpie a person who swindles you by means of deception or fraud
subtype: cardsharp__cardsharper a professional card player who makes a living by cheating at card games
subtype: clip_artist a swindler who fleeces the victim
subtype: confidence_man__con_man__conman__con_artist__conartist a swindler who exploits the confidence of his victim
subtype: welcher__welsher someone who swindles you by not repaying a debt or wager
subtype: steerer__decoy a beguiler who leads someone into danger (usually as part of a plot)
subtype: roper.steerer a decoy who lures customers into a gambling establishment (especially one with a fixed game)
subtype: shill a decoy who acts as an enthusiastic customer in order to stimulate the participation of others
subtype: dodger__fox__slyboot a shifty deceptive person
subtype: double-crosser__double-dealer__two-timer__twotimer__betrayer__traitor a person who says one thing and does another
subtype: Judas someone who betrays under the guise of friendship
subtype: falsifier someone who falsifies
subtype: finagler__wangler a deceiver who uses crafty misleading methods
subtype: counterfeiter__forger someone who makes copies illegally
subtype: coiner.counterfeiter (British) a maker of counterfeit coins
subtype: paperhanger (informal) someone who passes bad checks or counterfeit paper money
subtype: fortune_hunter__fortunehunter a person who seeks wealth through marriage
subtype: front_man__frontman__front__figurehead__nominal_head__nominalhead__straw_man__strawman a person used as a cover for some questionable activity
subtype: hypocrite__dissembler__phony__phoney__pretender a person who professes beliefs and opinions that they do not hold
subtype: smoothie__smoothy__sweettalker someone with an assured and ingratiating manner
subtype: Tartuffe__Tartufe a hypocrite who pretends to religious piety (after the protagonist in a play by Moliere)
subtype: whited_sepulcher__whited_sepulchre a person who is inwardly evil but outwardly professes to be virtuous
subtype: impersonator__imitator someone who (fraudulently) assumes the appearance of another
subtype: mimic__mimicker someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)
subtype: imposter__impostor__pretender__fake__faker__fraud__sham__shammer__pseudo__pseud__role_player a person who makes deceitful pretenses
subtype: namedropper someone who pretends that famous people are his/her friends
subtype: ringer.imposter a contestant entered in a competition under false pretenses
subtype: liar__prevaricator a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly
subtype: perjurer__false_witness__falsewitnes a person who deliberately gives false testimony
subtype: storyteller__fibber__fabricator someone who tells lies
instance: Ananias
subtype: misleader someone who leads astray (often deliberately)
subtype: mountebank__charlatan a flamboyant deceiver; one who attracts customers with tricks or jokes
subtype: phrenologist__craniologist someone who claims to read your character from the shape of your skull
subtype: quack an untrained person who pretends to be a physician and who dispenses medical advice
subtype: obscurantist a person who is deliberately vague
subtype: sandbagger someone who deceives you about his true nature or intent in order to take advantage of you
subtype: two-timer__twotimer someone who deceives a lover or spouse by carrying on a sexual relationship with somebody else
subtype: utterer someone who circulates forged banknotes or counterfeit coins
subtype: juvenile_delinquent__delinquent a young offender
subtype: defector__deserter a person who abandons their duty (as on a military post)
subtype: deviationist an ideological defector from the party line (especially from orthodox communism)
subtype: draft_dodger__draftdodger__draft_evader__draftevader someone who is drafted and illegally refuses to serve
subtype: renegade__turncoat someone who rebels and becomes and outlaw
subtype: transgressor someone who transgresses; someone who violates a law or command; "the way of transgressors is hard"
subtype: malfeasant one guilty of malfeasance
subtype: nonattender__no-show__truant someone who shirks duty
subtype: perpetrator__culprit someone who perpetrates wrongdoing
subtype: pimp__procurer__panderer__pander__pandar__fancy_man__fancyman__ponce someone who procures customers for whores (in England they call a pimp a ponce)
subtype: procuress__procures a woman pimp
subtype: whoremaster__whoremonger a pimp who procures whores
subtype: backslider__recidivist__reversionist someone who lapses into previous undesirable patterns of behavior
subtype: reprobate__miscreant a person without moral scruples
subtype: pervert__deviant__deviate__degenerate a person whose behavior deviates from what is acceptable especially in sexual behavior
subtype: fetishist one who engages in fetishism (especially of a sexual nature)
subtype: masochist someone who obtains pleasure from receiving punishment
subtype: flagellant.masochist a person who is whipped or whips himself for sexual gratification
subtype: molester someone who subjects others to unwanted or improper sexual activities
subtype: nymphomaniac__nympho a woman with abnormal sexual desires
subtype: pederast__paederast__childmolester a man who has sex (usually sodomy) with a boy as the passive partner
subtype: pedophile__paedophile an adult who is sexually attracted to children
subtype: sadist someone who obtains pleasure from inflicting pain or others
subtype: sadomasochist someone who enjoys both sadism and masochism
subtype: satyr__lecher man with strong sexual desires
subtype: sodomite__sodomist__sod someone who engages in anal copulation (especially a male who engages in anal copulation with another male)
subtype: scapegrace__black_sheep__blacksheep a reckless and unprincipled reprobate
subtype: wretch performs some wicked deed
subtype: shark.wrongdoer a person who is ruthless and greedy and dishonest
subtype: shyster__pettifogger a person (especially a lawyer or politician) who uses unscrupulous or unethical methods
subtype: sinner__evildoer a person who sins (without repenting)
subtype: magdalen a reformed prostitute
instance: St_Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalen__St_Mary_Magdalen
subtype: usurper__supplanter one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another
subtype: claim_jumper__claimjumper one who illegally occupies property to which another has a legal claim
subtype: war_criminal__warcriminal an offender who violates international law during times of war
subtype: decadent a person who has fallen into a decadent state (morally or artistically)
subtype: destroyer__ruiner__undoer__waster__uprooter a person who destroys or ruins or lays waste to; "a destroyer of the environment"; "jealousy was his undoer"; "uprooters of gravestones"
subtype: annihilator a total destroyer
subtype: iconoclast__image_breaker__imagebreaker someone who tries to destroy traditional ideas or institutions
subtype: saboteur__wrecker someone who commits sabotage or deliberately causes wrecks
subtype: vandal someone who willfully destroys or defaces property
subtype: libertine__debauchee__rounder a dissolute person; usually a man who is morally unrestrained
subtype: adulterer__fornicator someone who commits adultery
subtype: adulteress__fornicatress__hussy__jade__loose_woman__slut__strumpet a woman adulterer
subtype: wencher someone who patronizes prostitutes
subtype: gigolo a man who has sex with and is supported by a woman
subtype: lounge_lizard__lizard a man who idles about in the lounges of hotels and bars in search of women who would support him
subtype: profligate__rake__rip__blood__roue a dissolute man in fashionable society
subtype: ladies'_man__seducer__ladykiller a man who takes advantage of women
subtype: undoer a seducer who ruins a woman; "she awoke in the arms of her cruel undoer"
subtype: swinger.libertine__tramp a person who engages freely in promiscuous sex
subtype: debaucher__violator__ravisher someone who assaults others sexually
subtype: womanizer__womaniser__philanderer a man who likes many women and has short sexual relationships with them
subtype: Casanova any man noted for his amorous adventures
subtype: Don_Juan a successful womanizer (after the legendary profligate Spanish nobleman)
subtype: Lothario a successful womanizer (after a fictional seducer)
subtype: woman_chaser__womanchaser__wolf__skirt_chaser__skirtchaser__masher a man who is aggressive in making amorous advances to women
subtype: panderer a person who serves or caters to the vulgar passions or plans of others (especially in order to make money)
subtype: polluter__defiler a person or organization that causes pollution of the environment
subtype: scalawag__scallywag white Southerner supporting Reconstruction policies after the Civil War usually for self-interest
subtype: seducer a bad person who entices others into error or wrong-doing
subtype: shocker.bad_person a shockingly bad person
subtype: snake_in_the_grass__snake a deceitful or treacherous person
subtype: trampler someone who injures by trampling
subtype: varmint__vermin an irritating or obnoxious person
subtype: victimizer__victimiser a person who victimizes others; "I thought we were partners, not victim and victimizer"
subtype: slaver__slave_dealer__slavedealer__slave_trader__slavetrader a person engaged in slave trade
subtype: white_slaver__whiteslaver a person who forces women to become prostitutes
subtype: capitalist a person who invests capital in a business (especially a large business)
subtype: businessperson__bourgeois__bourgeoi engages in industrial commercial enterprise
subtype: accountant__comptroller__controller someone who maintains and audits business accounts
subtype: auditor someone who audits accounts
subtype: bookkeeper someone who records the transactions of a business
subtype: certified_public_accountant__CPA an accountant certified by the state
subtype: chartered_accountant__charteredaccountant a British accountant who is a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants
subtype: cost_accountant a specialist in the systematic recording and analysis of the costs incident to production
subtype: account_executive__accountexecutive__account_representative__accountrepresentative__registered_representative__customer's_broker__customer's_man someone in charge of a client's account for an advertising agency or brokerage or other service business
subtype: broker__agent__factor a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission
subtype: auctioneer an agent who conducts an auction
subtype: insurance_broker__insurancebroker__insurance_agent__insuranceagent__general_agent__generalagent an agent who sells insurance
subtype: investment_banker__underwriter a banker who deals chiefly in underwriting new securities
subtype: killer_bee an investment banker who devises strategies to make a target company less attractive for takeover
subtype: realtor__real_estate_broker__real_estate_agent__estate_agent__land_agent__house_agent__houseagent a person who is authorized to act as an agent for the sale of land; "in England they call a realtor a land agent"
subtype: ship_broker an agent for the ship owner; obtains cargo and may arrange for its loading or discharge
subtype: stockbroker an agent in the buying and selling of stocks and bonds
subtype: syndic one appointed to represent a city or university or corporation in business transactions
subtype: travel_agent someone who sells or arranges trips or tours for customers
subtype: businessman__man_of_affairs a person engaged in commercial or industrial business (especially an owner or executive)
subtype: arbitrageur__arbitrager__arb someone who engages in arbitrage (who purchases securities in one market for immediate resale in another in the hope of profiting from the price differential)
subtype: baron__big_businessman__bigbusinessman__business_leader__king__magnate__mogul__power__top_executive__topexecutive__tycoon a very wealthy or powerful businessman: "an oil baron"
subtype: oil_tycoon__oiltycoon a powerful person in the oil business
subtype: businesswoman a female businessman
subtype: brothel_keeper__brothelkeeper__madam a woman who runs a house of prostitution
subtype: industrialist someone who manages or has significant financial interest in an industrial enterprise
instance: Andrew_Carnegie__Carnegie Peter_Cooper__Cooper Glenn_Hammond_Curtiss__Curtiss__Glenn_Curtiss Gottlieb_Daimler__Daimler John_Deere__Deere George_Eastman__Eastman Henry_Ford__Ford Edsel_Bryant_Ford__Ford Henry_Ford_II__Ford Henry_Clay_Frick__Frick Gillette__King_Camp_Gilette Meyer_Guggenheim__Guggenheim Henry_John_Heinz__Heinz William_Henry_Hoover__Hoover__William_Hoover Howard_Robard_Hughes__Hughes__Howard_Hughes Friedrich_Krupp__Krupp Edwin_Herbert_Land__Land__Din_Land First_Viscount_Nuffield__Nuffield__William_Richard_Morris Wilhelm_von_Opel__Opel Elisha_Graves_Otis__Otis Robert_Owen__Owen Sri_Frederick_Handley_Page__Page John_Davison_Rockefeller__Rockefeller__John_D._Rockefeller Igor_Ivanovich_Sikorsky__Sikorsky__Igor_Sikorsky Ernest_Solvay__Solvay
subtype: oilman.businessman a person who owns or operates oil wells
subtype: wildcatter an oilman who drills exploratory wells in territory not known to be an oil field
subtype: operator.businessman someone who owns or operates a business; "who is the operator of this franchise?"
subtype: supermarketer an operator of a supermarket
subtype: proprietor__owner someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business; "he is the owner of a chain of restaurants"
subtype: bookseller the proprietor of a bookstore
subtype: lessor__lease_giver__leasegiver someone who grants a lease
subtype: letter.proprietor owner who lets another person use something (housing usually) for hire
subtype: patronne__patron (Italian) the proprietor of an inn
subtype: innkeeper__host the owner or manager of an inn
subtype: hostess a woman innkeeper
subtype: padrone.innkeeper an owner or proprietor of an inn in Italy
subtype: victualer__victualler an innkeeper (especially British)
subtype: proprietress a woman proprietor
subtype: newspaper_publisher__newspaperpublisher__publisher the proprietor of a newspaper
subtype: press_lord__presslord a powerful newspaper proprietor
instance: 1st_Baron_Beaverbrook__Beaverbrook__William_Maxwell_Aitken Alfred_Charles_William_Harmsworth__Harmsworth__Viscount_Northcliffe Benjamin_Harris__Harris William_Randolph_Hearst__Hearst Joseph_Pulitzer__Pulitzer James_Edmund_Scripps__Scripps Edward_Wyllis_Scripps__Scripps
subtype: renter an owner who receives payment for the use of their property by another
subtype: restaurateur__restauranter the proprietor of a restaurant
subtype: saloon_keeper the proprietor of a saloon
subtype: small_businessman__smallbusinessman a businessman who runs a business employing less than 100 people
subtype: concessionaire__concessioner someone who holds or operates a concession
subtype: syndicator a businessman who forms a syndicate
subtype: transactor someone who conducts or carries on business or negotiations
instance: Ezra_Cornell__Cornell Edward_Henry_Harriman__Harriman__E._H._Harriman James_Jerome_Hill__Hill__J._J._Hill Collis_Potter_Huntington__Huntington First_Baron_Marks_of_Broughton__Marks__Simon_Marks David_Sarnoff__Sarnoff Leland_Stanford__Stanford George_Stephenson__Stephenson Henry_Villard__Villard John_Wanamaker__Wanamaker Asron_Montgomery_Ward__Ward__Montgomery_Ward Frank_Winfield_Woolworth__Woolworth Rudolf_Wurlitzer__Wurlitzer
subtype: entrepreneur__enterpriser someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
instance: William_Henry_Gates__Gates__Bill_Gates Sir_Clive_Marles_Sinclair__Sinclair__Clive_Sinclair
subtype: exporter a businessperson who transports goods abroad (for sale)
subtype: importer someone whose business involves importing goods from outside (especially from a foreign country)
subtype: merchant__merchandiser a businessperson engaged in retail trade
subtype: baker someone who bakes commercially
subtype: bookdealer__book_seller a dealer in books; a merchant who sells books
subtype: meatman__butcher a retailer of meat
subtype: pork_butcher (British) a vendor of pork and products made from pork
subtype: clothier__haberdasher a merchant who sells men's clothing
subtype: fishmonger__fishwife someone who sells fish
subtype: grain_merchant__grainmerchant a merchant who deals in food grains
subtype: grocer a retail merchant who sells foodstuffs (and some household supplies)
subtype: greengrocer (British) a grocer who sells fresh fruits and vegetables
subtype: ironmonger__hardwareman someone who sells hardware; "in England they call a hardwareman an ironmonger"
subtype: jeweler__jeweller someone in the business of selling jewelry
subtype: milliner a merchant who designs and sells hats
subtype: poultryman__poulterer a dealer in poultry and poultry products
subtype: retailer__retail_merchant a merchant who sells goods at retail
subtype: chandler.retailer a retail dealer in provisions and supplies
subtype: ship's_chandler a dealer in sails and ropes and other supplies for sailing ships
subtype: licensee__licencee someone to who a license is granted
subtype: rug_merchant__rugmerchant a merchant who sells rugs
subtype: salt_merchant__salter someone who makes or deals in salt
subtype: schlockmeister__shlockmeister (slang) a merchant who deals in shoddy or inferior merchandise
subtype: seller__marketer__vender__vendor__trafficker someone who promotes or exchanges goods or services for money
subtype: ticket_agent__booking_clerk someone who sells tickets (e.g., theater seats or travel accommodations)
subtype: cosmetician someone who sells or applies cosmetics
subtype: flower_girl.seller__flowergirl a woman who sells flowers in the street
subtype: fruiterer (British) a person who sells fruit
subtype: cheap-jack__cheapjack__huckster a seller of shoddy goods
subtype: costermonger__barrow-man__barrow-boy a hawker of fruit and vegetables from a barrow
subtype: pedlar__peddler__packman__hawker__pitchman someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals)
subtype: chapman archaic term for an itinerant peddler
subtype: muffin_man (British) formerly an itinerant peddler of muffins
subtype: sandboy (British) a peddler of sand at a seashore resort; used now only to express great happiness in the expression "happy as a sandboy"
subtype: selling_agent__sellingagent someone who sells goods (on commission) for others
subtype: trafficker__dealer a seller of illicit goods; "a trafficker in stolen cars"
subtype: drug_peddler__pusher__peddler__drug_dealer__drug_trafficker an unlicensed dealer in illegal drugs
subtype: underseller a seller that sells at a lower price than others do; "he went all over town looking for undersellers"
subtype: shopkeeper__tradesman__storekeeper__market_keeper a merchant who owns or manages a shop
subtype: dry_cleaner__drycleaner__cleaner the operator of dry-cleaning establishment
subtype: florist someone who grows and deals in flowers; "the florist made up an attractive bouquet"
subtype: hosier a tradesman who sells hosiery (and (in England) knitwear)
subtype: newsagent__newsdealer__newsvendor__newsstand_operator__newsstandoperator someone who sells newspapers
subtype: tobacconist a retail dealer in tobacco and tobacco-related articles
subtype: stationer__stationeryseller a merchant who sells writing materials and office supplies
subtype: trader__bargainer__dealer__monger someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold
subtype: art_dealer__artdealer a dealer in works of art requiring esthetic evaluation
subtype: print_seller__printseller someone who sells etchings and engravings etc.
subtype: barterer a trader who exchanges goods and not money
subtype: bibliopole__bibliopolist a dealer in secondhand books (especially rare or curious books)
subtype: cutler a dealer in cutlery
subtype: draper a dealer in fabrics and sewing materials (and sometimes in clothing and drygoods)
subtype: linendraper (British) a retail dealer in yard goods
subtype: fence (informal) a dealer in stolen property
subtype: horse_trader__horsetrader a hard bargainer
subtype: mercer (British) a dealer in textiles (especially silks)
subtype: seedsman__seedman a dealer in seeds
subtype: slopseller (British) a dealer in cheap ready-made clothing
subtype: stamp_dealer__stampdealer a dealer in stamps (whose customers are stamp collectors)
subtype: stock_trader__stocktrader someone who buys and sells stock shares
subtype: profit_taker someone who sells stock shares at a profit
subtype: stockjobber (British) one who deals only with brokers or other jobbers
subtype: merchant-venturer__venturer a merchant who undertakes a trading venture (especially a venture that sends goods overseas)
subtype: vintner__wine_merchant someone who sells wine
instance: Charles_Henry_Harrod__Harrod Charles_Digby_Harrod__Harrod
subtype: shipper.businessperson someone who ships goods
subtype: consigner__consignor the person who delivers over or commits merchandise
subtype: supplier__provider someone whose business is to supply a particular service or commodity
subtype: black_marketeer__blackmarketeer someone who engages illegally in trade in scarce or controlled commodities
subtype: caterer someone who provides food and service (as for a party)
subtype: connection.supplier a supplier (especially of narcotics)
subtype: dispenser.supplier a person who dispenses
subtype: distributor__distributer someone who markets merchandise
subtype: jobber__middleman__wholesaler someone who buys large quantities of goods and resells to merchants rather than to the ultimate customers
subtype: meat_packer__packer a wholesaler in the meat-packing business
instance: Gustavus_Franklin_Swift__Swift
subtype: ship_chandler a dealer in equipment and supplies for ships
subtype: wool_stapler a dealer in wool
subtype: purveyor someone who supplies provisions (especially food)
subtype: recruiter.supplier someone who supplies members or employees
subtype: headhunter (informal) a recruiter of personnel (especially for corporations)
subtype: talent_scout__scout someone employed to discover and recruit talented persons (especially in the worlds of entertainment or sports)
subtype: stockist one (as a retailer or distributor) that stocks goods
subtype: sutler__victualer__victualler__provisioner a supplier of victuals or supplies to an army
subtype: financier__moneyman a person skilled in large scale financial transactions
subtype: banker someone who owns or is an executive in a bank
subtype: cashier__teller__bank_clerk an employee of a bank who receives and pays out money
instance: Rothschild
subtype: city_man a financier who works in one of the banks in the City of London
subtype: principal.financier__dealer the major party to a financial transaction; buys and sells for his own account
subtype: broker-dealer a financial specialist who trades for his own account and so acts both as a broker and principal
instance: James_Buchanan_Brady__Brady__Diamond_Jim_Brady__Diamond_Jim Jay_Cooke__Cooke Cosimo_de_Medici__Cosimo_the_Elder Stephen_Girard__Girard Jay_Gould__Gould Sir_Thomas_Gresham__Gresham William_Averell_Harriman__Harriman__Averell_Harriman Hopkins__Johns_Hopkins Andrew_William_Mellon__Mellon__Andrew_Mellon__Andrew_W._Mellon John_Pierpont_Morgan__Morgan__J._P._Morgan Robert_Morris__Morris Cecil_John_Rhodes__Rhodes__Cecil_Rhodes__Cecil_J._Rhodes Haym_Salomon__Salomon Cornelius_Vanderbilt__Vanderbilt__Commodore_VAnderbilt
subtype: holder.capitalist__bearer the person who is in possession of a check or note or bond or document of title that is endorsed to him or to whoever holds it; "the bond was marked `payable to bearer'"
subtype: ticket_holder holder of a ticket (for admission or for passage)
subtype: accumulator__collector__gatherer a person who is employed to collect payments (as for rent or taxes)
subtype: conductor.accumulator the person who collects fares on a public conveyance
subtype: conductress__conductres a woman conductor
subtype: gleaner someone who gathers something in small pieces (e.g. information) slowly and carefully
subtype: rent_collector a person who goes from house to house collecting rents for the owner
instance: Isabella_Stewart_Gardner__Gardner
subtype: tenant a holder of buildings or lands by any kind of title (as ownership or lease)
subtype: cotenant one of two or more tenants holding title to the same property
subtype: life_tenant a tenant whose legal right to retain possession of buildings or lands lasts as long as they (or some other person) lives
subtype: tenant_farmer a farmer who works land owned by someone else
subtype: investor someone who commits capital in order to gain financial returns
subtype: contrarian an investor who deliberately decides to go against the prevailing wisdom of other investors
subtype: bear.investor an investor with a pessimistic market outlook
subtype: bondholder a holder of bonds issued by a government or corporation
subtype: bull.investor an investor with an optimistic market outlook
subtype: caller.investor an investor who buys a call option
subtype: depositor a person who has deposited money in a bank or similar institution
subtype: withdrawer a depositor who withdraws funds previously deposited
subtype: lender__loaner someone who lends money or gives credit in business matters
subtype: creditor a lender to whom money is owed
subtype: mortgagee__mortgageholder the person who accepts a mortgage; "the bank became our mortgagee when it accepted our mortgage on our new home"
subtype: pawnbroker a person who lends money at interest in exchange for personal property that is deposited as security
subtype: usurer__loan_shark__moneylender__shylock someone who lends money at excessive rates of interest
subtype: rentier someone whose income is from property rents or bond interest and other investments
subtype: stockholder__shareholder__shareowner someone who holds shares of stock in a corporation
subtype: stockholder_of_record the stockholder whose name is registered on the books of the corporation as owning the shares at a particular time
subtype: materialist someone with great regard for worldly possessions
subtype: moneymaker someone who is successful in accumulating wealth
subtype: moneygrubber someone whose main interest in life is moneymaking
subtype: profiteer someone who makes excessive profit (especially on goods in short supply)
instance: John_Jacob_Astor__Astor
subtype: captor__capturer a person who captures and holds people or animals
subtype: kidnapper__abductor__snatcher someone who unlawfully seizes and detains a victim (usually for ransom)
subtype: surpriser a captor who uses surprise to capture the victim
subtype: changer__modifier a person who changes something; "an inveterate changer of the menu"
subtype: adulterator a changer who lessens the purity or effectiveness of a substance
subtype: normalizer__normaliser a person who normalizes
subtype: standardizer__standardiser a person who sets a standard for things to conform to
subtype: commoner__common_man__common_person a person who holds no title
subtype: bourgeois__bourgeoi__burgher a member of the middle class
subtype: petit_bourgeois__petitbourgeoi a member of the lower middle class
subtype: nobody__cipher__cypher__nonentity a person of no influence
subtype: pip-squeak__pipsqueak__squirt__small_fry__smallfry someone who is small and insignificant
subtype: whippersnapper__jackanapes__lightweight someone who is unimportant but cheeky and presumptuous
subtype: everyman the ordinary person
subtype: Joe_Blow__John_Doe__Joe_Bloggs__man_in_the_street a hypothetical average man
subtype: layman__layperson someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person
subtype: lay_reader__layreader a layman authorized to read sermons
subtype: plebeian__pleb one of the common people
subtype: philistine__lowbrow a person who is uninterested in intellectual pursuits
subtype: proletarian__prole__worker a member of the working class (not necessarily employed); "workers of the world--unite!"
subtype: rustic an unsophisticated country person
subtype: coon a an eccentric or undignified rustic; "I'll be a gone coon when the battle starts"
subtype: countryman.rustic a man who lives in the country and has country ways
subtype: countrywoman.rustic a woman who lives in the country and has country ways
subtype: hillbilly__bushwhacker a disparaging term for an unsophisticated person
subtype: provincial__peasant a country person
subtype: cottar__cotter a peasant farmer in the Scottish highlands
subtype: muzhik__moujik__mujik__muzjik a Russian peasant (especially prior to 1917)
subtype: redneck__cracker a poor white person in the southern US
subtype: woodsman__woodman someone who lives in the woods
subtype: yokel__rube__hick__yahoo__hayseed__chawbacon not very intelligent or interested in culture
subtype: communicator a person who communicates with others
subtype: alarmist a person who alarms others needlessly
subtype: scaremonger a person who spreads frightening rumors and stirs up trouble
subtype: allegorizer__allegoriser someone who communicates in allegories
subtype: announcer.communicator someone who proclaims a message publicly
subtype: caller.announcer someone who proclaims or summons in a loud voice; "the callers were mothers summoning their children home for dinner"
subtype: caller-out__caller a person who announces the changes of steps during a dance; "you need a fiddler and a caller for country dancing"
subtype: muezzin__muazzin__mu'adhdhin the Moslem official of a mosque who summons the faithful to prayer from a minaret five times a day
subtype: town_crier__crier (formerly) an official who made public announcements
subtype: articulator.communicator someone who pronounces words
subtype: speaker__talker__utterer__verbalizer__verbaliser someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous); "the speaker at commencement"; "an utterer of useful maxims"
subtype: alliterator a speaker or writer who makes use of alliteration
subtype: caller-up__caller__phoner__telephoner the person initiating a telephone call; "there were so many callers that he finally disconnected the telephone"
subtype: chatterer__babbler__prater__chatterbox__spouter an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker
subtype: conversationalist__schmoozer someone skilled at conversation
subtype: deipnosophist someone skilled at across-the-table chit chat
subtype: conversational_partner__interlocutor a person who takes part in a conversation
subtype: drawler someone who speaks with a drawl
subtype: jabberer__driveller someone whose talk is trivial drivel
subtype: ejaculator a speaker who utters a sudden exclamation
subtype: growler.speaker a speaker whose voice sounds like a growl
subtype: inquirer__enquirer__questioner__querier__asker someone who asks a question
subtype: cross-examiner__crossexaminer__cross-questioner__crossquestioner someone who questions a witness carefully (especially about testimony given earlier)
subtype: quizzer__examiner__tester someone who administers a test to determine your qualifications
subtype: inquisitor__interrogator a questioner who is excessively harsh
subtype: interviewer a person who conducts an interview
subtype: pollster__poll_taker__headcounter someone who conducts surveys of public opinion; "a pollster conducts public opinion polls"; "a headcounter counts heads"
subtype: lecturer someone who lectures professionally
instance: Helen_Adams_Keller__Keller__Helen_Keller
subtype: lisper a speaker who lisps
subtype: mentioner a speaker who refers to something briefly or incidentally
subtype: mutterer__mumbler a person who speaks indistinctly
subtype: narrator__storyteller__teller someone who tells a story
subtype: anecdotist__raconteur a person skilled in telling anecdotes
instance: Karl_Friedrich_Hieronymus_von_Munchhausen__Munchhausen__Munchausen__Baron_Munchausen
subtype: fabulist a person who tells or invents fables
instance: Aesop
subtype: griot a storyteller in West Africa; perpetuates the oral traditions of a family or village
subtype: orator__speechmaker__rhetorician__public_speaker__speechifier a person who delivers a speech or oration
subtype: eulogist__panegyrist an orator who delivers eulogies or panegyrics
subtype: demagogue__demagog__rabble-rouser an orator who appeals to the passions and prejudices of his audience
subtype: elocutionist a public speaker trained in voice production and gesture and delivery
subtype: haranguer a public speaker who delivers a loud or forceful or angry speech
subtype: spellbinder an orator who can hold his listeners spellbound
subtype: tub-thumper__tubthumper a noisy and vigorous or ranting public speaker
instance: Edmund_Burke__Burke Marcus_Tullius_Cicero__Cicero__Tully Demosthenes Patrick_Henry__Henry Isocrates
subtype: prattler someone who speaks in a childish way
subtype: ranter__raver someone who rants and raves; speaks in a violent or loud manner
subtype: reciter someone who recites from memory
subtype: stammerer__stutterer someone who speaks with involuntary pauses and repetitions
subtype: talking_head__talkinghead a talker on television who talks directly into the cameras and whose upper body is all that is shown on the screen
subtype: vociferator a loud and vehement speaker (usually in protest)
subtype: voicer a speaker who voices an opinion
subtype: wailer a mourner who utters long loud high-pitched cries
subtype: whisperer one who speaks in a whisper
subtype: witnesser__witness__informant someone who sees an event and reports what happened
subtype: attester__attestant someone who affirms or vouches for the correctness or truth or genuineness of something
subtype: testifier__deponent a person who testifies or gives a deposition
subtype: subvocalizer__subvocaliser someone who articulates speech without uttering sounds
subtype: asserter__declarer__affirmer__asseverator__avower someone who claims to speak the truth; "a bold asserter"; "a declarer of his intentions"; "affirmers of traditional doctrine"; "an asseverator of strong convictions"; "an avower of his own great intelligence"
subtype: postulator someone who assumes or takes something for granted as the basis of an argument
subtype: avower someone who admits or acknowledges openly and boldly
subtype: broadcaster someone who broadcasts on radio or television
subtype: announcer reads news, commercials on radio or television
subtype: radio_announcer an announcer whose voice is broadcast on radio
subtype: sports_announcer__sportscaster__sports_commentator an announcer who reads sports news or describes sporting events
subtype: newscaster someone who broadcasts the news
subtype: tv_announcer__television_announcer an announcer on television
subtype: broadcast_journalist__broadcastjournalist a journalist who broadcasts on radio or television
instance: Edward_Roscoe_Murrow__Murrow__Edward_R._Murrow Lowell_Jackson_Thomas__Thomas__Lowell_Thomas
subtype: disk_jockey__disc_jockey__dj a person who announces and plays popular recorded music
subtype: telecaster a television broadcaster
subtype: conferee a member of a conference
subtype: confessor.communicator someone who confesses (discloses information damaging to themselves)
subtype: letter_writer__correspondent someone who communicates by means of letters
subtype: pen_pal__penpal__pen-friend__penfriend a person you come to know by by frequent friendly correspondence
subtype: extrovert__extravert (psychology) a person concerned more with practical realities than with inner thoughts and feelings
subtype: gossiper__gossip__rumormonger__rumourmonger__newsmonger a person given to gossiping and divulging personal information about others
subtype: female_gossiper__cat a spiteful woman gossip; "what a cat she is!"
subtype: scandalmonger a person who spreads malicious gossip
subtype: tattletale__tattler__taleteller__talebearer__telltale__blabbermouth someone who gossips indiscreetly
subtype: yenta a woman gossip
subtype: hisser someone who communicates disapproval by hissing
subtype: informant__source a person who supplies information
subtype: informer__betrayer__rat__squealer__blabber one who reveals confidential information in return for money
subtype: fink__snitch__snitcher__stoolpigeon__stoolie__sneaker__canary someone acting as an informer or decoy for the police
subtype: copper's_nark__nark (British) an informer or spy working for the police
subtype: supergrass (British) a police informer who implicates many people
subtype: leaker a surreptitious informant; "the president wanted to know who the leakers were"
subtype: laudator__lauder__extoller someone who communicates high praise
subtype: applauder__clapper someone who applauds
subtype: negotiator__negotiant__treater someone who negotiates (confers with others in order to reach a settlement)
subtype: mediator__go-between__intermediator__intermediary a negotiator who acts as a link between parties
subtype: mediatrix a woman who is a mediator
subtype: appeaser__conciliator__make-peace__pacifier__peacemaker__reconciler someone who tries to bring peace
subtype: arbitrator__arbiter someone chosen to judge and decide a disputed issue
subtype: third_party.arbitrator__thirdparty someone other than the principals who are involved in a transaction
subtype: diplomat a person who deals tactfully with others
subtype: harmonizer a mediator who brings one thing into harmonious agreement with another
subtype: interpreter.mediator__translator someone who mediates between speakers of different languages
subtype: dragoman an interpreter and guide in the Near East
subtype: symbolizer__symbolist__symboliser someone skilled in the interpretation of symbols
instance: Edward_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald Benjamin_Jowett__Jowett William_Tyndale__Tyndale__Tindale__William_Tindale__Tindal__William_Tindal Bishop_Ulfilas__Ulfilas__Ulfila__Bishop_Ulfila__Wulfila__Bishop_Wulfila
subtype: matchmaker__matcher__marriage_broker someone who arranges (or tries to arrange) marriages for others
subtype: moderator someone who mediates disputes and attempts to avoid violence
subtype: modifier a moderator who makes less extreme or uncompromising
subtype: second_hand an intermediate person; used in the phrase "at second hand"; "he could learn at second hand from books"
subtype: bargainer negotiator of the terms of a transaction; "he is a hard bargainer"
subtype: haggler an intense bargainer
subtype: compromiser a negotiator willing to compromise; "Henry Clay was known as the Great Compromiser"
subtype: holdout.negotiator a negotiator who hopes to gain concessions by refusing to come to terms; "their star pitcher was a holdout for six weeks"
subtype: negotiatress__negotiatrix a woman negotiator
subtype: representative a person who represents others
subtype: agent.representative a representative who acts on behalf of other persons or organizations
subtype: business_agent an agent who handles business affairs for another; especially one who deals with employers
subtype: actor's_agent__actor'sagent__theatrical_agent a business agent for an actor
subtype: literary_agent an agent who represents an author is dealings with publishers
subtype: bailee the agent to whom property involved in a bailment is delivered
subtype: booker__booking_agent__bookingagent someone who engages a person or company for performances
subtype: showman__promoter__impresario a sponsor who books and stages public entertainments
subtype: exhibitor__exhibitioner__shower someone who organizes an exhibit for others to see
subtype: organ-grinder__organgrinder a street musician who plays a hand organ or hurdy-gurdy
subtype: pornographer__porn_merchant someone who presents shows or sells writing or pictures that are sexually explicit in violation of the community mores
instance: Phineas_Taylor_Barnum__Barnum__P._T._Barnum William_Frederick_Cody__Cody__William_F._Cody__Buffalo_Bill__Buffalo_Bill_Cody Sergei_Pavlovich_Diaghilev__Diaghilev__Sergei_Diaghilev Richard_D'Oyly_Carte__D'Oyly_Carte Solomon_Hurok__Hurok__Sol_Hurok Charles_Ringling__Ringling
subtype: surrogate a person appointed to represent or act on behalf of others
subtype: vicegerent someone appointed by a ruler as an administrative deputy
subtype: employment_agent someone who runs an employment agency
subtype: freight_agent__freightagent an employee of a freight carrier who directs the receipt and delivery of goods
subtype: government_agent a representative or official of a government or administrative department of a government
subtype: G-man__FBI_agent__government_man a special law-enforcement agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
subtype: revenuer a government agent responsible for collecting revenue (especially one responsible for stopping bootlegging)
subtype: T-man a special law-enforcement agent of the United States Treasury
subtype: handler an agent who handles something or someone; "the senator's campaign handlers"
subtype: mill_agent the responsible official at a mill that is under absentee ownership
subtype: next_friend a person who acts on behalf of an infant or disabled person (in law)
subtype: parliamentary_agent__parliamentaryagent a person (in Britain) who is employed to look after the affairs of businesses that are affected by legislation of the British Parliament
subtype: proxy.agent__placeholder__procurator a person authorized to act for another
subtype: purchasing_agent an agent who purchases goods or services for another
subtype: secret_agent__intelligence_officer__intelligence_agent__operative a person secretly employed in espionage for a government
subtype: agent_provocateur__agentprovocateur a secret agent who incites suspected persons to commit illegal acts
subtype: undercover_agent__spy a secret agent hired by a state to obtain (military) information about its enemies or by a business to obtain industrial secrets from competitors
subtype: counterspy__mole a spy who works against enemy espionage
subtype: double_agent a spy who works for two mutually antagonistic countries
subtype: espionage_agent someone employed to spy on another country or business competitor
subtype: foreign_agent__foreignagent a spy for a foreign country
subtype: infiltrator.undercover_agent someone who takes up a position surreptitiously for the purpose of espionage
subtype: sleeper.undercover_agent a spy planted in advance for future use but not presently active
instance: Mata_Hari__Margarete_Gertrud_Zelle
subtype: shipping_agent the agent of a shipowner
subtype: shopper.agent a commercial agent who shops at the competitor's store in order to compare their prices and merchandise with those of the store that employs her
subtype: special_agent__specialagent someone whose authority is limited to the special undertaking they have been instructed to perform
subtype: talent_agent an agent who represents performers
subtype: universal_agent__universalagent__general_agent__generalagent someone authorized to transact every kind of business for the principal
subtype: alderman a member of a municipal legislative body (as a city council); "aldermen usually represent city wards"
subtype: assemblyman someone who is a member of a legislative assembly
subtype: assemblywoman a woman assemblyman
subtype: middleman__contact a person who is in a position to give you special assistance; "he used his business contacts to get an introduction to the governor"
subtype: delegate a person appointed or elected to represent others
subtype: apostolic_delegate__apostolicdelegate (Roman Catholic) a representative of the Holy See in a country that has no formal diplomatic relations with it
subtype: emissary__envoy someone sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else
subtype: legate__official_emissary a member of a legation
subtype: head_of_state__chief_of_state the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government
subtype: prime_minister__primeminister__chancellor__premier the person who is head of state (in several countries)
subtype: Prime_Minister__PM__premier the person who holds the position of head of state in England
subtype: president.head_of_state the chief executive of a republic
subtype: ex-president a former president
instance: Vigdis_Finnbogadottir__Finnbogadottir
subtype: President_of_the_United_States__President__Chief_Executive the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government; "the President likes to jog every morning"
instance: President_John_Adams__Adams__John_Adams__President_Adams President_John_Quincy_Adams__Adams__John_Quincy_Adams__President_Adams Chester_Alan_Arthur__Arthur__Chester_A._Arthur__President_Arthur President_Buchanan__Buchanan__James_Buchanan George_Herbert_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__President_Bush George_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__George_W._Bush__Dubyuh__President_Bush James_Earl_Carter_Jr.__Carter__Jimmy_Carter__James_Earl_Carter__President_Carter Stephen_Grover_Cleveland__Cleveland__Grover_Cleveland__President_Cleveland William_Jefferson_Clinton__Clinton__Bill_Clinton__President_Clinton President_Coolidge__Coolidge__Calvin_Coolidge Dwight_David_Eisenhower__Eisenhower__Dwight_Eisenhower__Dwight_D._Eisenhower__Ike__President_Eisenhower President_Fillmore__Fillmore__Millard_Fillmore Gerald_Rudolph_Ford__Ford__Gerald_Ford__Gerald_R._Ford__President_Ford James_Abraham_Garfield__Garfield__James_Garfield__James_A._Garfield__President_Garfield Ulysses_Simpson_Grant__Grant__Ulysses_Grant__Ulysses_S._Grant__Hiram_Ulysses_Grant__President_Grant Warren_Gamaliel_Harding__Harding__Warren_Harding__President_Harding President_William_Henry_Harrison__Harrison__William_Henry_Harrison__President_Harrison President_Benjamin_Harrison__presidentbenjaminharrison__Harrison__Benjamin_Harrison__President_Harrison Rutherford_Birchard_Hayes__Hayes__Rutherford_B._Hayes__President_Hayes Herbert_Clark_Hoover__Hoover__Herbert_Hoover__President_Hoover Andrew_Jackson__Jackson__Old_Hickory President_Jefferson__Jefferson__Thomas_Jefferson President_Andrew_Johnson__Johnson__Andrew_Johnson__President_Johnson President_Lyndon_Johnson__Johnson__Lyndon_Johnson__Lyndon_Baines_Johnson__LBJ__President_Johnson John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy__Kennedy__Jack_Kennedy__JFK__President_Kennedy President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln President_Madison__Madison__James_Madison President_McKinley__McKinley__William_McKinley President_Monroe__Monroe__James_Monroe Richard_Milhous_Nixon__Nixon__Richard_Nixon__Richard_M._Nixon__President_Nixon President_Pierce__Pierce__Franklin_Pierce James_Knox_Polk__Polk__James_Polk__James_K._Polk__President_Polk Ronald_Wilson_Reagan__Reagan__Ronald_Reagan__President_Reagam President_Theodore_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Theodore_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt President_Franklin_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Franklin_Roosevelt__Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt__FDR William_Howard_Taft__Taft__President_Taft President_Taylor__Taylor__Zachary_Taylor President_Truman__Truman__Harry_Truman__Harry_S_Truman President_Tyler__Tyler__John_Tyler President_Van_Buren__Van_Buren__Martin_Van_Buren President_Washington__Washington__George_Washington Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson__Woodrow_Wilson__President_Wilson
subtype: sovereign__crowned_head__crownedhead__monarch a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
subtype: tsar__czar__tzar a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)
instance: Boris_Fyodorovich_Godunov__Godunov__godunov__Boris_Godunov Ivan_IV__Ivan_Iv_Vasilievich__Ivan_the_Terrible Nicholas_I Nicholas_II Peter_I__Peter_the_Great
subtype: Emperor the male ruler of an empire
subtype: Empress a woman Emperor or the wife of an Emperor
instance: Catherine_I Catherine_II__Catherine__Catherine_the_Great
subtype: Holy_Roman_Emperor sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire
instance: Charlemagne__Charles_I__Charles_the_Great Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald Ferdinand_I Ferdinand_II Ferdinand_III Emperor_Francis_II__Francis_II Frederick_Barbarossa__Frederick_I__Barbarossa Frederick_II Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great
subtype: Kaiser the Holy Roman Emperors or the Emperors of Austria or Germany until 1918
instance: Wilhelm_II__Kaiser_Wilhelm
subtype: mikado__tenno (archaic) the emperor of Japan; when regarded as a religious leader the emperor is called tenno
subtype: Roman_Emperor__Emperor_of_Rome sovereign of the Roman Empire
instance: Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus__Antoninus__Aurelius__Marcus_Aurelius__Marcus_Annius_Verus Antonius_Pius Augustus__Gaius_Octavianus__Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus__Octavian Caligula__Gaius__Gaius_Caesar Tiberius_Claudius_Drusus_Nero_Germanicus__Claudius__Claudius_I Constantine_the_Great__Constantine__Constantine_I Decius Domitian__Titus_Flavius_Domitianus Hadrian__Publius_Aelius_Hadrianus__Adrian Nero_Claudius_Caesar_Drusus_Germanicus__Nero__Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus Marcus_Cocceius_Nerva__Nerva Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_Caesar_Augustus__Tiberius Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus__Titus Trajan__Marcus_Ulpius_Traianus Vespasian__Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus
instance: Francis_Joseph_I__Francis_Joseph__Franz_Joseph__Franz_Josef_I Genghis_Khan__Jinghis_Khan__Jenghiz_Khan Haile_Selassie__Ras_Tafari_Makonnen__Ras_Tafari Michinomiya_Hirohito__Hirohito Justinian_the_Great__Justinian__Justinian_I Kublai_Khan__Kubla_Khan__Kublai_Kaan Meiji_Tenno__Mutsuhito Montezuma_II Napoleon_Bonaparte__Napoleon__Napoleon_I__Bonaparte__the_Little_Corporal Napoleon_III__Charles_Louis_Napoleon_Bonaparte Shah_Jahan
subtype: male_monarch__king a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom
subtype: Messiah the awaited King of the Jews; the promised and expected deliverer of the Jewish people
subtype: King_of_England the sovereign ruler of England
instance: Canute_the_Great__Canute__Cnut__Knut Charles_Stuart__Charles_I Charles_II Edgar Edward_I Edward_II Edward_III Edward_IV Edward_V Edward_VI Edward_VII__Albert_Edward Edward_VIII__Duke_of_Windsor Saint_Edward_the_Confessor__Edward_the_Confessor__St_Edward_the_Confessor Saint_Edward_the_Martyr__Edward_the_Martyr__St_Edward_the_Martyr Edwy__Eadwig George_I George_II George_III George_IV George_V George_VI King_Harold_I__Harold_I__Harold_Harefoot__Harefoot King_Harold_II__Harold_II Henry_I__Henry_Beauclerc Henry_II Henry_III Henry_IV__Bolingbroke__Henry_Bolingbroke Henry_V Henry_VI Henry_VII__Henry_Tudor Henry_VIII James_I James_II John_Lackland__John Richard_I__Richard_Coeur_de_Lion__Richard_the_Lion-Heart__Richard_the_Lion-Hearted Richard_II Richard_III William_I__William_the_Conqueror William_II__William_Rufus William_III__William_of_Orange William_IV__The_Sailor_King
subtype: King_of_France the sovereign ruler of France
instance: Hugh_Capet__Capet Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald Charles_VII Charles_IX Henry_II.King_of_France__henryii Louis_I__Louis_the_Pious Louis_II__Louis_le_Begue__Louis_the_Stammerer Louis_III Louis_IV__Louis_d'Outremer Louis_V__Louis_le_Faineant Louis_VI__Louis_the_Far__Louis_the_Wideawake__Louis_the_Bruiser Louis_VII Louis_VIII Louis_IX__Saint_Louis__St_Louis Louis_X__Louis_le_Hutin__Louis_the_Quarreller Louis_XI Louis_XII Louis_XIII Louis_XIV__Sun_King__Louis_the_Great Louis_XV Louis_XVI
subtype: Rameses__Ramesses__Ramses any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC
instance: Rameses_II__Ramesses_II__Ramses_II__Rameses_the_Great__Ramesses_the_Great__Ramses_the_Great
instance: Ahab Akhenaton__Akhenaten__Ikhanaton__Amenhotep_IV Alaric Alfred_the_Great__Alfred__AElfred Artaxerxes_I Artaxerxes_II Ashurbanipal__Assurbanipal__Asurbanipal Athelstan Attila__Scourge_of_God__Scourge_of_the_Gods Robert_the_Bruce__Bruce__Robert_I Carl_XVI_Gustav__carlxvigustav Clovis_I__Clovis Croesus.male_monarch__croesu Cyrus_II__Cyrus_the_Elder__Cyrus_the_Great Darius_I__Darius_the_Great Darius_III David Edmund_I Edmund_II__Edmund_Ironside Edward_the_Elder Edwin Egbert Ethelbert Ethelred_I__Ethelred Ethelred_the_Unready__Ethelred__Ethelred_II Fahd_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Fahd Faisal_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Faisal Farouk_I__Faruk_I Ferdinand_the_Great__Ferdinand_I Ferdinand_V__Ferdinand_the_Catholic Frederick_I Frederick_the_Great__Frederick_II Frederick_William_I Frederick_William_II Frederick_William_III Frederick_William_Iv Genseric__Gaiseric Gilgamesh Gordius Gustavus_I__Gustavus Gustavus_Adolphus__Gustavus__Gustavus_II Gustavus_V Hammurabi__Hammurapi Herod_the_Great__Herod Hezekiah__Ezekias ibn_Talal_Hussein__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__King_Hussein Jeroboam_I__Jeroboam Juan_Carlos_Victor_Maria_de_Borbon_y_Borbon__Juan_Carlos Kamehameha_I__Kamehameha_the_Great Leonidas Macbeth Mithridates_the_Great__Mithridates__Mithridates_VI Nebuchadnezzar_II__Nebuchadnezzar__Nebuchadrezzar__Nebuchadrezzar_II Olaf_II__Olav_II__Saint_Olaf__Saint_Olav__St_Olaf__St_Olav Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great Philip_II Philip_II.male_monarch__philipii Pyrrhus Saul Sennacherib Solomon Tarquin_the_Proud__Tarquin__Tarquinius__Tarquinius_Superbus__Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus Victor_Emanuel_II Victor_Emanuel_III Xerxes_I__Xerxes_the_Great
subtype: shah title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran
instance: Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi__Pahlavi__Pahlevi__Mohammed_Reza_Pahlevi
subtype: Hanoverian any of the British sovereigns belonging to the House of Hanover
instance: George_I George_II George_III George_IV Queen_Victoria__Victoria
subtype: personal_representative__personalrepresentative a person who manages the affairs of another
subtype: legal_representative__legalrepresentative a personal representative with legal standing (as by power of attorney or the executor of a will)
subtype: resident_commissioner the representative of Puerto Rico in the United States House of Representatives
subtype: union_representative__unionrepresentative a representative for a labor union
subtype: labor_organizer__labororganizer__organizer someone who enlists workers to join a union
instance: Eugene_Victor_Debs__Debs__Eugene_V._Debs
subtype: shop_steward__steward a union member who is elected to represent fellow workers in negotiating with management
subtype: walking_delegate__walkingdelegate a union representative who visits workers at their jobs to see whether agreements are observed
subtype: settler.negotiator a negotiator who settles disputes
subtype: persuader__inducer someone who tries to persuade or induce or lead on
subtype: lobbyist someone who tries to persuade legislators to vote for bills that the lobbyists favor
subtype: wheedler__coaxer someone who tries to persuade by blandishment and coaxing
subtype: popularizer__populariser__vulgarizer__vulgariser someone who makes attractive to the general public
subtype: presenter someone who presents a message of some sort (as a petition or an address or a check or a memorial etc.)
subtype: promisee a person to whom a promise is made
subtype: promiser__promisor a person who makes a promise
subtype: vower someone who makes a solemn promise to do something or behave in a certain way; "young vowers of eternal love"; "there are many vowers of chastity but few who observe it"
subtype: propagandist a person who disseminates messages calculated to assist some cause or some government
subtype: sloganeer someone who coins and uses slogans to promote a cause
instance: Paul_Joseph_Goebbels__Goebbels__Joseph_Goebbels
subtype: disseminator__propagator someone who spreads the news
subtype: publicist__publicizer someone who publicizes
subtype: advertiser__advertizer__adman someone whose business is advertising
subtype: huckster a person who writes radio or tv advertisements
subtype: promoter__booster__plugger someone who is an active supporter and advocate
subtype: barker someone who stands in front of a show (as at a carnival) and gives a loud colorful sales talk to potential customers
subtype: tout__touter someone who advertises for customers in an especially brazen way
subtype: press_agent__publicity_man__publicityman__public_relations_man__PR_man someone employed to arrange publicity (for a firm or a public figure)
subtype: sensationalist__ballyhoo_artist someone who uses exaggerated or lurid material in order to gain public attention
subtype: quoter a communicator (speaker or writer) who uses quotations
subtype: rambler a person whose speech or writing is not well organized
subtype: reporter__newsman__newsperson a person who investigates and reports or edits news stories
subtype: newswoman a female newsperson
subtype: television_reporter__television_newscaster__TV_reporter__TV_newsman someone who reports news stories via television
subtype: anchorman__anchor__anchorperson a television reporter who coordinates a broadcast to which several correspondents contribute
subtype: responder__respondent__answerer someone who responds
subtype: equivocator__hedger a respondent who avoids giving a clear direct answer
subtype: interviewee a person who is interviewed
subtype: don't-know__don'tknow (colloquial) a person who responds "I don't know" in public opinion poll
subtype: testee__examinee someone who is tested (as by an intelligence test or an academic examination)
subtype: passer a student who passes and examination
subtype: roarer__bawler__bellower__screamer__screecher__shouter__yeller someone who communicates vocally in a very loud voice
subtype: crier a shouter who advertises the goods they sell
subtype: sender__transmitter someone who transmits a message; "return to sender"
subtype: signaler__signaller someone who communicates by signals
subtype: signalman a railroad employee in charge of signals and point in a railroad yard
subtype: toller__bell_ringer__bellringer__ringer a person who rings church bells (as for summoning the congregation)
subtype: whistler makes a loud high sound
subtype: signer someone who can use sign language to communicate
subtype: swearer someone who takes a solemn oath
subtype: sympathizer commiserates with someone who has had misfortune
subtype: Job's_comforter someone whose comfort is actually discouraging
subtype: mental_telepathist__telepathist__thoughtreader__mind_reader someone with the power of communicating thoughts directly
subtype: waffler someone who speaks or writes in a vague and evasive manner
subtype: warner someone who gives a warning to others
subtype: waver.communicator someone who communicates by waving
subtype: wirer someone who sends a telegram
subtype: professional_writer__writer__author writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)
subtype: abstractor__abstracter one who makes abstracts or summarizes information
subtype: alliterator a speaker or writer who makes use of alliteration
subtype: authoress__authores a woman author
subtype: biographer someone who writes an account of another person's life
subtype: autobiographer someone who writes their own biography
instance: Plutarch Giles_Lytton_Strachey__Strachey__Lytton_Strachey
subtype: coauthor__joint_author__jointauthor a writer who collaborates with others in writing something
subtype: commentator a writer who reports and analyzes events of the day
subtype: contributor a writer whose work is published in a newspaper or magazine or as part of a book
subtype: drafter a writer of a draft
subtype: dramatist__playwright someone who writes plays
instance: Aeschylus Edward_Albee__Albee__Edward_Franklin_Albeen Maxwell_Anderson__Anderson Jean_Anouilh__Anouilh Aristophanes Sir_James_Matthew_Barrie__Barrie__James_Barrie__J._M._Barrie__James_Matthew_Barrie Samuel_Beckett__Beckett Bertolt_Brecht__Brecht Pedro_Calderon_de_la_Barca__Calderon__Calderon_de_la_Barca Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra__Cervantes__Miguel_de_Cervantes__Cervantes_Saavedra Anton_Pavlovich_Chekhov__Chekhov__Chekov__Anton_Chekhov__Anton_Chekov__Anton_Pavlovich_Chekov Pierre_Corneille__Corneille Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward Russel_Crouse__Crouse John_Dryden__Dryden Euripides Christopher_Fry__Fry Frederico_Garcia_Lorca__Garcia_Lorca__Lorca Hippolyte_Jean_Giraudoux__Giraudoux__Jean_Giraudoux Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe Carlo_Goldoni__Goldoni Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker Moss_Hart__Hart Vaclav_Havel__Havel Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel__Hebbel__Friedrich_Hebbel Lillian_Hellman__Hellman Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo Henrik_Ibsen__Ibsen William_Inge__Inge Eugene_Ionesco__Ionesco__ionesco Benjamin_Jonson__Jonson__Ben_Jonson George_Simon_Kaufman__Kaufman__George_S._Kaufman Bernd_Heinrich_Wilhelm_von_Kleist__Kleist__Heinrich_von_Kleist Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing__Lessing Howard_Lindsay__Lindsay Clare_Booth_Luce__Luce Count_Maurice_Maeterlinck__Maeterlinck David_Mamet__Mamet Christopher_Marlowe__Marlowe John_Marstan__Marstan Menander Thomas_Middleton__Middleton Arthur_Miller__Miller Moliere__Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin Ferenc_Molnar__Molnar Sean_O'Casey__O'Casey__o'casey Clifford_Odets__Odets Eugene_Gladstone_O'Neill__O'Neill__Eugene_O'Neill John_James_Osborne__Osborne__John_Osborne Titus_Maccius_Plautus__Plautus Sir_Terence_Mervyn_Rattigan__Rattigan__Terence_Rattigan Elmer_Leopold_Rice__Rice__Elmer_Rice__Elmer_Reizenstein Esme_Stuart_Lennox_Robinson__Robinson__Lennox_Robinson Augustin_Eugene_Scribe__Scribe Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca__Seneca William_Shakespeare__Shakespeare__Shakspere__William_Shakspere__the_bard__thebard George_Bernard_Shaw__Shaw__G._B._Shaw Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan__Sheridan Robert_Emmet_Sherwood__Sherwood Marvin_Neil_Simon__Simon__Neil_Simon Sophocles Sir_Tom_Stoppard__Stoppard__Tom_Stoppard__Thomas_Straussler Johan_August_Strindberg__Strindberg__August_Strindberg Edmund_John_Millington_Synge__Synge__J._M._Synge__John_Millington_Synge Terence__Publius_Terentius_Afer Tirso_de_Molina__Gabriel_Tellez Peter_Alexander_Ustinov__Ustinov__Sir_Peter_Ustinov Lope_de_Vega__Vega Thornton_Niven_Wilder__Wilder__Thornton_Wilder Thomas_Lanier_Williams__Williams__Tennessee_Williams William_Wycherley__Wycherley William_Butler_Yeats__Yeats__W._B._Yeats
subtype: encyclopedist__compiler a person who compiles (or writes for) encyclopedias
subtype: essayist__litterateur a writer of literary works
instance: Charles_Lamb__Lamb__Elia
subtype: folk_writer a writer of folktales
subtype: folk_poet a folk writer who composes in verse
subtype: framer someone who writes a new law or plan; "the framers of the Constitution"
subtype: gagster__gagman__gagwriter someone who writes comic material for public performers
subtype: ghostwriter__ghost a writer who gives the credit of authorship to someone else
subtype: Gothic_romancer__gothicromancer a writer of Gothic romances
subtype: literary_hack__hack__hack_writer a mediocre and disdained writer
subtype: journalist a writer for newspapers and magazines
subtype: broadcast_journalist__broadcastjournalist a journalist who broadcasts on radio or television
subtype: columnist a journalist who writes editorials
subtype: gossip_columnist a journalist who writes a column of gossip about celebrities
subtype: newspaper_columnist__newspapercolumnist a columnist who writes for newspapers
subtype: newspaper_critic__newspapercritic a critic who writes a column for the newspapers
subtype: correspondent__newspaperman__newspaperwoman__newswriter__pressman a journalist employed to provide news stories for newspapers or broadcast media
subtype: scribe__scribbler informal terms for journalists
subtype: sob_sister__sobsister a journalist who specializes in sentimental stories
subtype: sports_writer a journalist who writes about sports
instance: Alfred_Alistair_Cooke__Cooke__Alistair_Cooke Elizabeth_Merriwether_Gilmer__Gilmer__Dorothy_Dix Horace_Greeley__Greeley__greeley Edgar_Albert_Guest__Guest__Edgar_Guest Walter_Lippmann__Lippmann Henry_Louis_Mencken__Mencken__H._L._Mencken John_Reed__Reed Elizabeth_Cochrane_Seaman__Seaman__Elizabeth_Seaman__Nellie_Bly William_Lawrence_Shirer__Shirer Sir_Henry_Morton_Stanley__Stanley__Henry_M._Stanley__John_Rowlands Joseph_Lincoln_Steffens__Steffens__Lincoln_Steffens Isidor_Feinstein_Stone__Stone__I._F._Stone Theodore_Harold_White__White__T._H._White Alexander_Woollcott__Woollcott
subtype: librettist author of words to be set to music in an opera or operetta
instance: William_Schwenk_Gilbert__Gilbert__William_Gilbert__Sir_William_Gilbert
subtype: lyricist a person who writes the words for songs
instance: Ira_Gershwin__Gershwin Oscar_Hammerstein_II__Hammerstein__Oscar_Hammerstein Lorenz_Milton_Hart__Hart__Lorenz_Hart Alan_Jay_Lerner__Lerner Timothy_Miles_Bindon_Rice__Rice__Sir_Tim_Rice
subtype: novelist someone who writes novels
instance: James_Agee__Agee Louisa_May_Alcott__Alcott Honore_de_Balzac__Balzac__Honore_Balzac William_Cuthbert_Faulkner__Faulkner__William_Faulkner__Falkner__William_Falkner Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo Harry_Sinclair_Lewis__Lewis__Sinclair_Lewis George_Meredith__Meredith Marcel_Proust__Proust Emile_Zola__Zola
subtype: pamphleteer a writer of pamphlets (usually taking a partisan stand on public issues)
instance: Thomas_Paine__Paine__Tom_Paine
subtype: paragrapher a writer of paragraphs (as for publication on the editorial page of a newspaper)
subtype: poet a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)
subtype: bard.poet a lyric poet
subtype: elegist the author of a mournful poem lamenting the dead
subtype: poetess__poetes a woman poet
instance: Edna_Saint_Vincent_Millay__Millay__Edna_Millay Sappho
subtype: Poet_Laureate the poet officially appointed to the Royal Household in Great Britain; "the Poet Laureate is expected to provide poems for great national occasions"
subtype: sonneteer a poet who writes sonnets
instance: Alcaeus Guillaume_Apollinaire__Apollinaire__Wilhelm_Apollinaris_de_Kostrowitzki Matthew_Arnold__Arnold Jean_Arp__Arp__Hans_Arp Wystan_Hugh_Auden__Auden__W._H._Auden Charles_Pierre_Baudelaire__Baudelaire__Charles_Baudelaire William_Blake__Blake Giovanni_Boccaccio__Boccaccio Bertolt_Brecht__Brecht Rupert_Brooke__Brooke Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning__Browning Robert_Browning__Browning Robert_Burns__Burns Sixth_Baron_Byron_of_Rochdale__Byron__Lord_Byron__George_Gordon_Byron Pedro_Calderon_de_la_Barca__Calderon__Calderon_de_la_Barca Giosue_Carducci__Carducci Thomas_Carew__Carew Gaius_Valerius_Catullus__Catullus Geoffrey_Chaucer__Chaucer John_Anthony_Ciardi__Ciardi__John_Ciardi Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge__Coleridge Pierre_Corneille__Corneille Harold_Hart_Crane__Crane__Hart_Crane Cynewulf__Cynwulf Dante_Alighieri__Dante Walter_John_de_la_Mare__de_la_Mare__Walter_de_la_Mare Emily_Dickinson__Dickinson John_Donne__Donne John_Dryden__Dryden Thomas_Stearns_Eliot__Eliot__T._S._Eliot Edward_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald Robert_Lee_Frost__Frost__Robert_Frost Frederico_Garcia_Lorca__Garcia_Lorca__Lorca William_Schwenk_Gilbert__Gilbert__William_Gilbert__Sir_William_Gilbert Allen_Ginsberg__Ginsberg Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe Thomas_Gray__Gray Robert_Herrick__Herrick Hesiod Hugo_von_Hoffmannsthal__Hoffmannsthal James_Hogg__Hogg Homer Gerard_Manley_Hopkins__Hopkins Horace Alfred_Edward_Housman__Housman__A._E._Housman Edward_James_Hughes__Hughes__Ted_Hughes Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo Henrik_Ibsen__Ibsen Randall_Jarrell__Jarrell John_Robinson_Jeffers__Jeffers__Robinson_Jeffers Juan_Ramon_Jimenez__Jimenez Benjamin_Jonson__Jonson__Ben_Jonson Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt__Karlfeldt John_Keats__Keats Francis_Scott_Key__Key Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock__Klopstock Nicholas_Vachel_Lindsay__Lindsay__Vachel_Lindsay Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow__Longfellow Richard_Lovelace__Lovelace Amy_Lowell__Lowell Robert_Traill_Spence_Lowell_Jr.__Lowell__Robert_Lowell Titus_Lucretius_Carus__Lucretius Archibald_MacLeish__MacLeish Stephane_Mallarme__Mallarme Osip_Emilevich_Mandelstam__Mandelstam__Osip_Mandelstam__Mandelshtam Giambattista_Marini__Marini__Marino__Giambattista_Marino Christopher_Marlowe__Marlowe Jose_Julian_Marti__Marti Martial Andrew_Marvell__Marvell__marvell John_Edward_Masefield__Masefield__John_Masefield Edgar_Lee_Masters__Masters Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Mayakovski__Mayakovski George_Meredith__Meredith John_Milton__Milton Marianne_Craig_Moore__Moore__Marianne_Moore Thomas_Moore__Moore William_Morris__Morris Louis_Charles_Alfred_de_Musset__Musset__Alfred_de_Musset Alfred_Noyes__Noyes Omar_Khayyam Ovid__Publius_Ovidius_Naso Francis_Turner_Palgrave__Palgrave Petrarch__Petrarca__Francesco_Petrarca Pindar Ezra_Loomis_Pound__Pound__Ezra_Pound Aleksandr_Sergeyevich_Pushkin__Pushkin__Alexander_Pushkin James_Whitcomb_Riley__Riley Rainer_Maria_Rilke__Rilke Jean_Nicholas_Arthur_Rimbaud__Rimbaud__Arthur_Rimbaud Edwin_Arlington_Robinson__Robinson Alan_Seeger__Seeger Anne_Sexton__Sexton William_Shakespeare__Shakespeare__Shakspere__William_Shakspere__the_bard__thebard Percy_Bysshe_Shelley__Shelley Taras_Grigoryevich_Shevchenko__Shevchenko Sir_Philip_Sidney__Sidney Dame_Edith_Louisa_Sitwell__Sitwell__Dame_Edith_Sitwell Robert_Southey__Southey Sir_Stephen_Harold_Spender__Spender__Stephen_Spender Edmund_Spenser__Spenser Wallace_Stevens__Stevens Sir_John_Suckling__Suckling Algernon_Charles_Swinburne__Swinburne Arthur_Symons__Symons Torquato_Tasso__Tasso John_Orley_Allen_Tate__Tate__Allen_Tate Sara_Teasdale__Teasdale First_Baron_Tennyson__Tennyson__Alfred_Tennyson__Alfred_Lord_Tennyson Thespis Dylan_Marlais_Thomas__Thomas__Dylan_Thomas John_Trumbull__Trumbull Tristan_Tzara__Tzara__Samuel_Rosenstock Johann_Ludwig_Uhland__Uhland Paul_Verlaine__Verlaine Francois_Villon__Villon Virgil__Vergil__Publius_Vergilius_Maro Andrei_Voznesenski__Voznesenski Robert_Penn_Warren__Warren Isaac_Watts__Watts Phillis_Wheatley__Wheatley Walt_Whitman__Whitman John_Greenleaf_Whittier__Whittier William_Carlos_Williams__Williams William_Wordsworth__Wordsworth Sir_Thomas_Wyatt__Wyatt__Wyat__Sir_Thomas_Wyat Elinor_Morton_Hoyt_Wylie__Wylie William_Butler_Yeats__Yeats__W._B._Yeats Yevgeni_Aleksandrovich_Yevtushenko__Yevtushenko__Yevgeni_Yevtushenko Edward_Young__Young
subtype: rhymer__rhymester__versifier__poetizer a writer who composes rhymes; a maker of poor verses (usually used as terms of contempt for minor or inferior poets)
subtype: scenarist a writer of screenplays
subtype: scriptwriter someone who writes scripts for plays or movies or broadcast dramas
subtype: screenwriter__film_writer someone who writes screenplays
instance: George_Lucas__Lucas Dalton_Trumbo__Trumbo
subtype: space_writer__spacewriter a writer paid by the area of the copy
subtype: speechwriter a writer who composes speeches for others to deliver
subtype: tragedian a writer (especially a playwright) who writes tragedies
instance: Jean_Baptiste_Racine__Racine__Jean_Racine
subtype: wordmonger a writer who uses language carelessly or pretentiously with little regard for meaning
subtype: word-painter a writer of vivid or graphic descriptive power
subtype: wordsmith a fluent and prolific writer
instance: Horatio_Alger__Alger Hans_Christian_Andersen__Andersen Sherwood_Anderson__Anderson Louis_Aragon__Aragon Sholem_Asch__Asch__Shalom_Asch__Sholom_Asch Jane_Austen__Austen Imamu_Amiri_Baraka__Baraka__LeRoi_Jones Samuel_Beckett__Beckett Sir_Henry_Maxmilian_Beerbohm__Beerbohm__Max_Beerbohm Ambrose_Gwinett_Bierce__Bierce__Ambrose_Bierce Jorge_Luis_Borges__Borges__Jorge_Borges James_Boswell__Boswell Ray_Douglas_Bradbury__Bradbury__Ray_Bradbury Charlotte_Bronte__Bronte Emily_Jane_Bronte__Bronte__Emily_Bronte__Currer_Bell Anne_Bronte__Bronte Charles_Farrar_Browne__Browne__Artemus_Ward Pearl_Sydenstricker_Buck__Buck__Pearl_Buck John_Bunyan__Bunyan Frances_Eliza_Hodgson_Burnett__Burnett__burnett__franceshodgsonburnett Edgar_Rice_Burroughs__Burroughs William_Burroughs__Burroughs__William_Seward_Burroughs James_Branch_Cabell__Cabell Erskine_Preston_Caldwell__Caldwell__Erskine_Caldwell Albert_Camus__Camus Lewis_Carroll__Carroll__Dodgson__Reverend_Dodgson__Charles_Dodgson__Charles_Lutwidge_Dodgson Willa_Sibert_Cather__Cather__Willa_Cather Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra__Cervantes__Miguel_de_Cervantes__Cervantes_Saavedra Raymond_Thornton_Chandler__Chandler__Raymond_Chandler Francois_Rene_Chateaubriand__Chateaubriand__Vicomte_de_Chateaubriand Gilbert_Keith_Chesterton__Chesterton__G._K._Chesterton Dame_Agatha_Mary_Clarissa_Christie__Christie__Agatha_Christie Sir_Winston_Leonard_Spenser_Churchill__Churchill__Winston_Churchill__Winston_S._Churchill Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens__Clemens__Mark_Twain Jean_Cocteau__Cocteau Sidonie_Gabrielle_Claudine_Colette__Colette William_Wilkie_Collins__Collins__Wilkie_Collins Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle__Conan_Doyle__A._Conan_Doyle__Arthur_Conan_Doyle Joseph_Conrad__Conrad__Teodor_Josef_Konrad_Korzeniowski James_Fenimore_Cooper__Cooper Stephen_Crane__Crane Edward_Estlin_Cummings__Cummings__e._e._cummings Clarence_Shepard_Day_Jr.__Day__Clarence_Day Daniel_Defoe__Defoe Thomas_De_Quincey__De_Quincey Charles_John_Huffam_Dickens__Dickens__Charles_Dickens John_Dos_Passos__Dos_Passos Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Dostoyevsky__Dostoevski__Dostoevsky__Feodor_Dostoyevsky__Fyodor_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Dostoevski__Feodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky Theodore_Herman_Albert_Dreiser__Dreiser__Theodore_Dreiser Alexandre_Dumas__Dumas Dame_Daphne_du_Maurier__du_Maurier Lawrence_George_Durrell__Durrell__Lawrence_Durrell Ilya_Grigorievich_Ehrenberg__Ehrenberg__Ilya_Ehrenberg George_Eliot__Eliot__Mary_Ann_Evans Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__Emerson James_Thomas_Farrell__Farrell Edna_Ferber__Ferber Henry_Fielding__Fielding Francis_Scott_Key_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald__F._Scott_Fitzgerald Gustave_Flaubert__Flaubert Ian_Lancaster_Fleming__Fleming__Ian_Fleming Ford_Hermann_Hueffer__Ford__Ford_Madox_Ford Cecil_Scott_Forester__Forester__C._S._Forester Anatole_France__France__Jacques_Anatole_Francois_Thibault Benjamin_Franklin__Franklin Carlos_Fuentes__Fuentes Emile_Gaboriau__Gaboriau John_Galsworthy__Galsworthy Erle_Stanley_Gardner__Gardner Elizabeth_Cleghorn_Stevenson_Gaskell__Gaskell__Elizabeth_Gaskell Theodor_Seuss_Geisel__Geisel__Dr._Seuss Jean_Genet__Genet Kahlil_Gibran__Gibran Karl_Gjellerup__Gjellerup Nikolai_Vasilievich_Gogol__Gogol Sir_William_Gerald_Golding__Golding__William_Golding Oliver_Goldsmith__Goldsmith Edmond_Louis_Antoine_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Edmond_de_Goncourt Jules_Alfred_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Jules_de_Goncourt Nadine_Gordimer__Gordimer Maksim_Gorky__Gorky__Gorki__Maxim_Gorki__Aleksey_Maksimovich_Peshkov__Aleksey_Maximovich_Peshkov Kenneth_Grahame__Grahame Gunter_Wilhelm_Grass__Grass__Gunter_Grass Robert_Ranke_Graves__Graves__Robert_Graves Henry_Graham_Greene__Greene__Graham_Greene Zane_Grey__Grey Jakob_Ludwig_Karl_Grimm__Grimm Wilhelm_Karl_Grimm__Grimm Hagard__Rider_Haggard__Sir_Henry_Rider_Haggard Elizabeth_Sanderson_Haldane__elizabethsandersonhaldane__Haldane__Elizabeth_Haldane Edward_Everett_Hale__Hale Alex_Haley__Haley Marguerite_Radclyffe_Hall__Hall__Radclyffe_Hall Samuel_Dashiell_Hammett__Hammett__Dashiell_Hammett Knut_Hamsun__Hamsun__Knut_Pedersen Thomas_Hardy__Hardy James_Thomas_Harris__Harris__Frank_Harris Bret_Harte__Harte Nathaniel_Hawthorne__Hawthorne Ben_Hecht__Hecht Robert_Anson_Heinlein__Heinlein Joseph_Heller__Heller Ernest_Hemingway__Hemingway Hermann_Hesse__Hesse Paul_Johann_Ludwig_von_Heyse__Heyse__Paul_Heyse DuBois_Heyward__Heyward__Edwin_DuBois_Hayward Thomas_Wentworth_Storrow_Higginson__Higginson__Thomas_Higginson Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann__Hoffmann__E._T._A._Hoffmann__Ernst_Theodor_Wilhelm_Hoffmann Oliver_Wendell_Holmes__Holmes William_Dean_Howells__Howells Edmond_Hoyle__Hoyle James_Langston_Hughes__Hughes__Langston_Hughes James_Henry_Leigh_Hunt__Hunt__Leigh_Hunt Aldous_Leonard_Huxley__Huxley__Aldous_Huxley John_Irving__Irving Washington_Irving__Irving Christopher_William_Bradshaw_Isherwood__Isherwood__Christopher_Isherwood Helen_Maria_Fiske_Hunt_Jackson__Jackson__Helen_Hunt_Jackson Jane_Jacobs__Jacobs William_Wymark_Jacobs__Jacobs__W._W._Jacobs Henry_James__James Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen__Jensen Samuel_Johnson__Johnson__Dr._Johnson James_Augustine_Aloysius_Joyce__Joyce__James_Joyce Franz_Kafka__Kafka Helen_Adams_Keller__Keller__Helen_Keller Jean-Louis_Lebris_de_Kerouac__Kerouac__Jack_Kerouac Ken_Elton_Kesey__Kesey__Ken_Kesey Joseph_Rudyard_Kipling__Kipling__Rudyard_Kipling Arthur_Koestler__Koestler Jean_de_La_Fontaine__La_Fontaine Ringgold_Wilmer_Lardner__Lardner__Ring_Lardner Francois_de_La_Rochefoucauld__La_Rochefoucauld David_Herbert_Lawrence__Lawrence__D._H._Lawrence Thomas_Edward_Lawrence__Lawrence__T._E._Lawrence__Lawrence_of_Arabia John_le_Carre__le_Carre__David_John_Moore_Cornwell Elmore_John_Leonard__Leonard__Elmore_Leonard__Dutch_Leonard Mikhail_Yurievich_Lermontov__Lermontov Clive_Staples_Lewis__Lewis__C._S._Lewis Jack_London__London__John_Griffith_Chaney Clarence_Malcolm_Lowry__Lowry__Malcolm_Lowry John_Lyly__Lyly Edward_George_Earle_Bulwer-Lytton__Lytton__First_Baron_Lytton__Bulwer-Lytton Norman_Mailer__Mailer Bernard_Malamud__Malamud Sir_Thomas_Malory__Malory__Thomas_Malory Andre_Malraux__Malraux Thomas_Mann__Mann Kathleen_Mansfield_Beauchamp__Mansfield__Katherine_Mansfield John_Philip_Marquand__Marquand__John_Marquand Ngaio_Marsh__Marsh Alfred_Edward_Woodley_Mason__Mason__A._E._W._Mason William_Somerset_Maugham__Maugham__Somerset_Maugham__W._Somerset_Maugham Henri_Rene_Albert_Guy_de_Maupassant__Maupassant__Guy_de_Maupassant Andre_Maurois__Maurois__Emile_Herzog Carson_Smith_McCullers__McCullers__Carson_McCullers Herbert_Marshall_McLuhan__McLuhan__Marshall_McLuhan Herman_Melville__Melville Thomas_Merton__Merton Henry_Valentine_Miller__Miller__Henry_Miller Alan_Alexander_Milne__Milne__A._A._Milne Margaret_Munnerlyn_Mitchell__Mitchell__Margaret_Mitchell Nancy_Freeman_Mitford__Mitford__Nancy_Mitford Jessica_Lucy_Mitford__Mitford__Jessica_Mitford Michel_Eyquem_Montaigne__Montaigne__Michel_Montaigne Lucy_Maud_Montgomery__Montgomery__L._M._Montgomery Sir_Thomas_More__More__Thomas_More Toni_Morrison__Morrison Hector_Hugh_Munro__Munro__H._H._Munro__Saki Dame_Jean_Iris_Murdoch__Murdoch__Iris_Murdoch Louis_Charles_Alfred_de_Musset__Musset__Alfred_de_Musset Vladimir_vladimirovich_Nabokov__Nabokov__Vladimir_Nabokov Ogden_Nash__Nash Sir_Harold_George_Nicolson__Nicolson__Harold_Nicolson Benjamin_Franklin_Norris_Jr.__Norris__Frank_Norris Joyce_Carol_Oates__Oates Edna_O'Brien__O'Brien__o'brien Mary_Flannery_O'Connor__O'Connor__Flannery_O'Connor Liam_O'Flaherty__O'Flaherty John_Henry_O'Hara__O'Hara Philip_Michael_Ondaatje__Ondaatje__Michael_Ondaatje Baroness_Emmusca_Orczy__Orczy George_Orwell__Orwell__Eric_Arthur_Blair Thomas_Nelson_Page__Page Dorothy_Rothschild_Parker__Parker__Dorothy_Parker Boris_Leonidovich_Pasternak__Pasternak__Boris_Pasternak Alan_Stewart_Paton__Paton__Alan_Paton William_Sydney_Porter__Porter__O._Henry Ezra_Loomis_Pound__Pound__Ezra_Pound Ayn_Rand__Rand Kenneth_Roberts__Roberts Anna_Eleanor_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Eleanor_Roosevelt Jean-Jacques_Rousseau__Rousseau Alfred_Damon_Runyon__Runyon__Damon_Runyon Ahmed_Salman_Rushdie__Rushdie__Salman_Rushdie Comte_Donatien_Alphonse_Francois_de_Sade__Sade__de_Sade__Marquis_de_Sade Jerome_David_Salinger__Salinger__J._D._Salinger George_Sand__Sand__Amandine_Aurore_Lucie_Dupin__Baroness_Dudevant Carl_Sandburg__Sandburg William_Saroyan__Saroyan Jean_Paul_Sartre__Sartre Dorothy_Leigh_Sayers__Sayers__Dorothy_Sayers__Dorothy_L._Sayers Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_von_Schiller__Schiller Sir_Walter_Scott__Scott__Walter_Scott Robert_William_Service__Service George_Bernard_Shaw__Shaw__G._B._Shaw Mary_Godwin_Wollstonecraft_Shelley__Shelley__Mary_Shelley__Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley Nevil_Shute_Norway__Shute__Nevil_Shute Georges_Joseph_Christian_Simenon__Simenon__Georges_Simenon Upton_Beall_Sinclair__Sinclair__Upton_Sinclair Isaac_Bashevis_Singer__Singer Tobias_George_Smollett__Smollett__Tobias_Smollett Baron_Snow_of_Leicester__Snow__C._P._Snow__Charles_Percy_Snow Alexander_Isayevich_Solzhenitsyn__Solzhenitsyn Susan_Sontag__Sontag Muriel_Sarah_Spark__Spark__Muriel_Spark__Dame_Muriel_Spark Frank_Morrison_Spillane__Spillane__Mickey_Spillane Madame_de_Stael__Stael__Baronne_Anne_Louise_Germaine_Necker_de_Steal-Holstein Sir_Richrd_Steele__Steele Gertrude_Stein__Stein John_Ernst_Steinbeck__Steinbeck__John_Steinbeck Stendhal__Marie_Henri_Beyle Sir_Leslie_Stephen__Stephen Laurence_Sterne__Sterne Robert_Louis_Balfour_Stevenson__Stevenson__Robert_Louis_Stevenson Francis_Richard_Stockton__Stockton__Frank_Stockton Abraham_Stoker__Stoker__Bram_Stoker Harriet_Elizabeth_Beecher_Stowe__Stowe__Harriet_Beecher_Stowe William_Styron__Styron Eugene_Sue__Sue John_Addington_Symonds__Symonds William_Makepeace_Thackeray__Thackeray Henry_David_Thoreau__Thoreau Alexis_Charles_Henri_Maurice_de_Tocqueville__Tocqueville Alice_B._Toklas__Toklas John_Ronald_Reuel_Tolkien__Tolkien__J._R._R._Tolkien Count_Lev_Nikolayevitch_Tolstoy__Tolstoy__Leo_Tolstoy Anthony_Trollope__Trollope Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev__Turgenev Louis_Untermeyer__Untermeyer John_Hoyer_Updike__Updike__John_Updike Carl_Clinton_Van_Doren__Van_Doren__Carl_Van_Doren Mario_Vargas_Llosa__Vargas_Llosa Jules_Verne__Verne Eugene_Luther_Vidal__Vidal__Gore_Vidal Voltaire__Arouet__Francois-Marie_Arouet Kurt_Vonnegut__Vonnegut John_Barrington_Wain__Wain__John_Wain Alice_Malsenior_Walker__Walker__Alice_Walker Richard_Horatio_Edgar_Wallace__Wallace__Edgar_Wallace Horatio_Walpole__Walpole__Horace_Walpole__Fourth_Earl_of_Orford Izaak_Walton__Walton Mary_Augusta_Arnold_Ward__Ward__Mrs._Humphrey_Ward Robert_Penn_Warren__Warren Evelyn_Arthur_Saint_John_Waugh__Waugh__Evelyn_Waugh Martha_Beatrice_Potter_Webb__Webb__Beatrice_Webb Herbert_George_Wells__Wells__H._G._Wells Eudora_Welty__Welty Franz_Werfel__Werfel Dame_Rebecca_West__West__Rebecca_West__Cicily_Isabel_Fairfield Elwyn_Brooks_White__White__E._B._White Patrick_Victor_Martindale_White__White__Patrick_White Eliezer_Wiesel__Wiesel__Elie_Wiesel Oscar_Fingal_O'Flahertie_Wills_Wilde__Wilde__Oscar_Wilde Thornton_Niven_Wilder__Wilder__Thornton_Wilder Angus_Frank_Johnstone_Wilson__Wilson__Sir_Angus_Wilson Owen_Wister__Wister Pelham_Grenville_Wodehouse__Wodehouse__P._G._Wodehouse Thomas_Clayton_Wolfe__Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe Thomas_Kennerly_Wolfe_Jr.__Wolfe__Tom_Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe Mary_Wollstonecraft_Godwin__Wollstonecraft__Mary_Wollstonecraft Ellen_Price_Wood__Wood__Mrs._Henry_Wood Adeline_Virginia_Stephen_Woolf__Woolf__Virginia_Woolf Herman_Wouk__Wouk Richard_Wright__Wright Willard_Huntington_Wright__Wright__S._S._Van_Dine Israel_Zangwill__Zangwill Stefan_Zweig__Zweig
subtype: contestant a person who participates in competitions
subtype: athlete__jock a person trained to compete in sports
subtype: acrobat an athlete who performs acts requiring skill and agility and coordination
subtype: aerialist an acrobat who performs in the air (as on a rope or trapeze)
subtype: ropewalker__ropedancer an acrobat who performs on a rope stretched at some height above the ground
subtype: balancer an acrobat who balances himself in difficult positions
subtype: circus_acrobat a acrobat who performs acrobatic feats in a circus
subtype: contortionist an acrobat able to twist into unusual positions
subtype: amateur.athlete does not play for pay
subtype: outdoor_man__outdoorman__sporting_man someone who enjoys outdoor activities
subtype: ball_hawk an team athlete who is skilled at stealing or catching the ball
subtype: ballplayer__baseball_player an athlete who plays baseball
subtype: base_runner__runner a baseball player on the team at bat who is on base (or attempting to reach a base)
subtype: slugger__batter__hitter__batsman a ballplayer who is batting
subtype: bunter a batter who bunts
subtype: designated_hitter a ballplayer who is designated to bat in place of the pitcher
subtype: pinch_hitter__pinchhitter (baseball or softball) a substitute for the regular batter
subtype: switch-hitter a baseball player who can bat either right or left handed
subtype: whiffer a batter who strikes out by swinging at and missing the third strike
subtype: fielder a member of the baseball team that is in the field instead of at bat
subtype: infielder (baseball or softball) a person who plays a position in the infield
subtype: catcher (baseball or softball) the person who plays the position of catcher
subtype: first_baseman__firstbaseman__first_sacker__firstsacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays first base
subtype: second_baseman__second_sacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays second base
subtype: shortstop (baseball) the person who plays the shortstop position
subtype: third_baseman__thirdbaseman__third_sacker__thirdsacker (baseball or softball) the person who plays third base
subtype: outfielder (baseball or softball) a person who plays in the outfield
subtype: right_fielder__rightfielder the person who plays right field
subtype: center_fielder the person who plays center field
subtype: left_fielder the person who plays left field
subtype: little_leaguer a player between 8 and 12 years of age who is a member of a little-league team
subtype: major_leaguer__majorleaguer__big_leaguer__bigleaguer a member of a major-league baseball team
subtype: minor_leaguer__minorleaguer a player on a minor-league baseball team
subtype: hurler__pitcher__twirler (baseball or softball) the person who does the pitching; "our pitcher has a sore arm"
subtype: left-handed_pitcher__left-hander__lefty__southpaw a baseball pitcher who throws the ball with the left hand
subtype: right-handed_pitcher__right-hander__righthander (baseball) a pitcher who throws with the left hand
subtype: relief_pitcher__reliever__fireman a pitcher who does not start the game
subtype: screwballer (baseball) a pitcher who throws screwballs
subtype: starting_pitcher the pitcher who starts in a baseball game
subtype: utility_man.ballplayer__utilityman a baseball player valued for the ability to play at several positions
instance: Henry_Louis_Aaron__Aaron__Hank_Aaron Lawrence_Peter_Berra__Berra__Yogi__Yogi_Berra Joseph_Paul_DiMaggio__DiMaggio__Joe_DiMaggio Henry_Louis_Gehrig__Gehrig__Lou_Gehrig Mickey_Charles_Mantle__Mantle__Mickey_Mantle Willie_Howard_Mays_Jr.__Mays__Willie_Mays__the_Say_Hey_Kid John_Joseph_McGraw__McGraw__John_McGraw Stanley_Frank_Musial__Musial__Stan_Musial__stanmusial__Stan_the_Man Leroy_Robert_Paige__Paige__Satchel_Paige Jack_Roosevelt_Robinson__Robinson__Jackie_Robinson George_Herman_Ruth__Ruth__Babe_Ruth__Sultan_of_Swat Theodore_Samuel_Williams__Williams__Ted_Williams Carl_Yastrzemski__Yastrzemski Danton_True_Young__Young__Cy_Young
subtype: basketball_player__basketeer__cager an athlete who plays basketball
subtype: center.basketball_player (basketball) the person who plays center
subtype: dribbler a basketball player who is dribbling the ball to advance it
subtype: dunker a basketball player who is able to make dunk shots
subtype: forward.basketball_player the person who plays the position of forward on a basketball team
instance: Julius_Winfield_Erving__Erving__Julius_Erving__Dr._J
subtype: guard.basketball_player the person who plays the position of guard on a basketball team
subtype: bounder__leaper__jumper an athlete who bounds or leaps (as in basketball)
subtype: climber someone who climbs as a sport
subtype: escalader someone who gains access by the use of ladders
subtype: mountaineer__mountain_climber someone who climbs mountains
subtype: rock_climber__cragsman a climber of vertical rock faces
subtype: cricketer an athlete who plays cricket
subtype: bowler.cricketer delivers the ball to the batsman in cricket
subtype: fieldsman__fielder a member of the cricket team that is fielding rather than batting
subtype: outfielder.fieldsman a fielder in cricket who is stationed in the outfield
subtype: wicket-keeper stands behind the wicket to catch balls
instance: John_Berry_Hobbs__Hobbs__Sir_Jack_Hobbs Sir_Leonard_Hutton__Hutton
subtype: football_player__footballer an athlete who plays American football
subtype: back.football_player (football) a person who plays in the backfield
subtype: flankerback__flanker a back stationed wide of the scrimmage line; used as a pass receiver
subtype: signal_caller__quarterback__field_general__fieldgeneral (football) the person who plays quarterback
subtype: running_back__runningback (football) a back on the offensive team (a fullback or halfback) who tries to advance the ball by carrying it on plays from the line of scrimmage
subtype: fullback.running_back (football) the running back who plays the fullback position on the offensive team
subtype: halfback.running_back (football) the running back who plays the offensive halfback position
subtype: tailback.back (football) the person who plays tailback
subtype: wingback.back (football) the person who plays wingback
subtype: ball_carrier (football) the football player who is carrying (and trying to advance) the ball on an offensive play
subtype: forward_passer__forwardpasser__passer (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by throwing a forward pass
subtype: rusher.ball_carrier (football) a ball carrier who tries to gain ground by running with the ball
subtype: blocker a football player whose responsibility is to block players attempting to stop an offensive play
subtype: football_hero a football player who has achieved a reputation for success
subtype: kicker a player who kicks the football
subtype: dropkicker a football kicker who drops the ball and kicks it just as it reaches the ground
subtype: place-kicker__placekicker (football) a kicker who makes a place kick for a goal
subtype: punter (football) a person who kicks the football by dropping it from the hands and contacting it with the foot before it hits the ground
subtype: line_backer__linebacker a defensive football player who takes a position close behind the linemen
subtype: lineman.football_player one of the players on the line of scrimmage
subtype: football_snapper__center__snapper (football) the person who plays center on the line of scrimmage and snaps the ball to the quarterback; "the center fumbled the handoff"
subtype: football_end-line-man__end (football) the person who plays at one end of the line of scrimmage; "the end managed to hold onto the pass"
subtype: split_end__splitend (football) an offensive end who lines up at a distance from the other linemen
subtype: tight_end__tightend (football) an offensive end who lines up close to the tackle
subtype: football_guard__guard the person who plays that position on a football team; "the left guard was injured on the play"
subtype: tackle.lineman the person who plays that position on a football team; "the right tackle is a straight A student"
subtype: pass_receiver__receiver__pass_catcher a football player who catches (or is supposed to catch) a forward pass
subtype: tackler a football player who tackles the ball carrier
subtype: gymnast an athlete who is skilled in gymnastics
subtype: tumbler.gymnast a gymnast who performs rolls and somersaults and twists etc.
subtype: turner.tumbler a tumbler who is a member of a turnverein
instance: Olga_Korbut__Korbut
subtype: ice-hockey_player__hockey_player an athlete who plays hockey
subtype: center.ice-hockey_player (ice hockey) the person who plays center
subtype: goalie__goalkeeper__goaltender__netkeeper the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal
instance: Wayne_Gretzky__Gretzky Robert_Orr__Orr__Bobby_Orr
subtype: hooker (rugby) the player in the middle of the front row of the scrum who tries to hook the ball
subtype: hurdler an athlete who runs the hurdles
subtype: jumper.athlete an athlete who competes at jumping
subtype: hopper.jumper someone who hops; "at hopscotch, the best hoppers are the children"
instance: Frederick_Carleton_Lewis__Lewis__Carl_Lewis
subtype: lacrosse_player an athlete who plays lacrosse
subtype: letterman an athlete who has earned a letter in a school sport
subtype: Olympian__olympian an athlete who participates in the Olympic games
subtype: pentathlete an athlete who competes in a pentathlon
subtype: professional__pro an athlete who plays for pay
subtype: free_agent (sports) a professional athlete who is free to sign a contract to play for any team
subtype: semiprofessional__semipro an athlete who plays for pay on a part-time basis
subtype: runner.athlete a trained athlete who competes in foot races
subtype: marathoner__marathon_runner__road_runner__long-distance_runner someone who participates in long-distance races (especially in marathons)
subtype: miler a runner in a one-mile race
subtype: four-minute_man someone who has run the mile is less that 4 minutes
instance: Sir_Roger_Gilbert_Bannister__Bannister__Roger_Bannister John_Walker__Walker
subtype: sprinter someone who runs a short distance at top speed
instance: Frederick_Carleton_Lewis__Lewis__Carl_Lewis
subtype: sharpshooter.athlete an athlete noted for accurate aim
subtype: shot_putter an athlete who competes in the shot put
subtype: skater someone who skates
subtype: ice-skater__iceskater someone who engages in ice skating
subtype: roller-skater someone who engages in roller skating
subtype: skateboarder someone who skates on a skateboard
subtype: skier someone who skis
subtype: langlauffer a cross-country skier
subtype: ski_jumper__skijumper a skier who leaps through the air (especially on a ski jump)
subtype: skydiver__parachute_jumper__parachutejumper a person who jumps from a plane and performs various gymnastic maneuvers before pulling the parachute cord
subtype: sledder someone who rides a sled
subtype: luger__slider someone who races the luge
subtype: tobogganist someone who rides a toboggan
subtype: soccer_player an athlete who plays soccer
subtype: goalie__goalkeeper__goaltender__netkeeper the soccer or hockey player assigned to protect the goal
subtype: sportsman__sport__sportswoman someone who engages in sports
subtype: striker.athlete (soccer) a forward on a soccer team
subtype: substitute__reserve an athlete who plays only when another member of the team drops out
subtype: bench_warmer__benchwarmer (sports) a substitute who seldom plays
subtype: pinch_hitter__pinchhitter (baseball or softball) a substitute for the regular batter
subtype: swimmer a trained athlete who participates in swimming meets; "he was an Olympic swimmer"
subtype: backstroker someone who swims the backstroke
subtype: breaststroker someone who swims the breaststroke
subtype: diver__plunger someone who dives (into water)
instance: Gertrude_Caroline_Ederle__Ederle__Gertrude_Ederle
subtype: swinger someone who swings sports implements
subtype: tennis_player an athlete who plays tennis
subtype: tennis_pro__professional_tennis_player someone who earns a living playing or teaching tennis
instance: Arthur_Robert_Ashe__Ashe__Arthur_Ashe John_Donald_Budge__Budge__Don_Budge Maureen_Catherine_Connolly__Connolly__Little_Mo_Connolly James_Scott_Connors__Connors__Jimmy_Conors Margaret_Court__Court Dwight_Filley_Davis__Davis__Dwight_Davis Christine_Marie_Evert__Evert__Chris_Evert__Chrissie_Evert Althea_Gibson__Gibson Stephanie_Graf__Graf__Steffi_Graf Billie_Jean_Moffitt_King__King__Billie_Jean_King Rodney_George_Laver__Laver__Rod_Laver Ivan_Lendl__Lendl Helen_Wills_Moody__Moody__Helen_Wills__Helen_Newington_Wills Martina_Navratilova__Navratilova Monica_Seles__Seles William_Tatem_Tilden_Jr.__Tilden__Big_Bill_Tilden Virginia_Wade__Wade
subtype: pole_vaulter__vaulter__pole_jumper an athlete who jumps over a high crossbar with the aid of a long pole
subtype: weightlifter__lifter an athlete who lifts barbells
subtype: winger (soccer; hockey; rugby; football) player in wing position
instance: Robert_Bruce_Mathias__Mathias__mathia__Bob_Mathias James_Cleveland_Owens__Owens__Jesse_Owens James_Francis_Thorpe__Thorpe__Jim_Thorpe Mildred_Ella_Didrikson_Zaharias__Zaharias__Babe_Zaharias__Didrikson__Babe_Didrikson__Mildred_Ella_Didrikson
subtype: defaulter a contestant who forfeits a match
subtype: entrant.contestant one who enters a competition
subtype: long_shot.contestant__longshot a contestant that is unlikely to win
subtype: also-ran__loser a contestant who loses the contest
subtype: opponent__opposition__opposite a contestant that you are matched against
subtype: player__participant a person who participates in or is skilled at some game
subtype: ballplayer__baseball_player an athlete who plays baseball
subtype: billiard_player someone who plays billiards
subtype: bowler rolls balls down an alley at pins
subtype: card_player someone who plays (or knows how to play) card games
subtype: bridge_player__hand a card player in a game of bridge; "we need a 4th hand for bridge"
subtype: bidder.bridge_player someone who makes a bid at cards
subtype: preemptor__pre-emptor__preemptor a bidder in bridge who makes a preemptive bid
subtype: bridge_partner one of a pair of bridge players who are on the same side of the game
subtype: raiser a bridge partner who increases the partner's bid
subtype: declarer__contractor the bridge player in contract bridge who wins the bidding and can declare which suit is to be trumps
subtype: cardsharp__cardsharper a professional card player who makes a living by cheating at card games
subtype: dealer.card_player the person who distributes the playing cards in a card game
subtype: eldest_hand__eldesthand__elder_hand__elderhand the card player on the dealer's left
subtype: shuffler.card_player the card player who shuffles the cards
instance: Ely_Culbertson__Culbertson
subtype: chess_player__chessplayer someone who plays the game of chess
subtype: chess_master__chessmaster a chess player of great skill
instance: Robert_James_Fischer__Fischer__Bobby_Fischer Anatoli_Yevgenevich_Karpov__Karpov__Anatoli_Karpov Gary_Kasparov__Kasparov__Gary_Weinstein Viktor_Lvovich_Korchnoi__Korchnoi__Viktor_Korchnoi Boris_Vasilevich_Spassky__Spassky__Boris_Spassky
subtype: patzer a poor chess player
subtype: dart_player someone who plays the game of darts
subtype: football_player__footballer an athlete who plays American football
subtype: golfer__golf_player__linksman someone who plays the game of golf
subtype: driver.golfer a golfer who hits the golf ball with a driver
subtype: golf_pro__professional_golfer someone who earns a living by playing or teaching golf
subtype: hacker someone who plays golf poorly
subtype: hooker.golfer a golfer whose shots typically curve left (for right-handed golfers)
subtype: medal_winner__medalwinner__medalist__medallist (golf) the winner at medal play of a golf tournament
subtype: putter a golfer who is putting
subtype: slicer.golfer a golfer whose shots typically curve right (for right-handed golfers)
instance: William_Benjamin_Hogan__Hogan__Ben_Hogan Robert_Tyre_Jones__Jones__Bobby_Jones Jack_William_Nicklaus__Nicklaus__Jack_Nicklaus Gregory_John_Norman__Norman__Greg_Norman Arnold_Daniel_Palmer__Palmer__Arnold_Palmer Gene_Sarazen__Sarazen Lee_Buck_Trevino__Trevino__Lee_Trevino__Supermex
subtype: grandmaster a player of exceptional or world class skill in chess or bridge
subtype: International_Grandmaster a chess player who has been awarded the highest title by the International Chess Federation
subtype: ice-hockey_player__hockey_player an athlete who plays hockey
subtype: lacrosse_player an athlete who plays lacrosse
subtype: most_valuable_player__MVP the player judged to be the most important to the sport
subtype: pool_player someone who shoots pool
subtype: scorer.player a player who makes a score in a game or contest
subtype: seeded_player__seed one of the outstanding players in a tournament
subtype: server.player (court games) the player who serves to start a point
subtype: shooter (sports) a player who drives or kicks a ball at the goal (or a basketball player who shoots at the basket)
subtype: soccer_player an athlete who plays soccer
subtype: stringer.player a member of a squad on a team; "a first stringer"; "a second stringer"
subtype: tennis_player an athlete who plays tennis
subtype: volleyball_player someone who plays the game of volleyball
subtype: pothunter.contestant someone who participates in contests in order to collect trophies
subtype: qualifier a contestant who meets certain requirements and so qualifies to take part in the next stage of competition; "the tournament was won by a late qualifier"
subtype: rival__challenger__competitor__competition__contender the contestant you hope to defeat; "he had respect for his rivals"; "he wanted to know what the competition was doing"
subtype: champ__champion__title-holder__titleholder someone who has won first place in a competition
subtype: record-breaker__record-holder someone who breaks a record
subtype: comer someone with a promising future
subtype: finalist a contestant who reaches the final stages of a competition
subtype: foe__enemy a personal enemy; "they had been political foes for years"
subtype: mortal_enemy an enemy who wants to kill you
subtype: front-runner__frontrunner__favorite__favourite a competitor thought likely to win
subtype: world-beater__worldbeater__king a competitor who holds a preeminent position
subtype: runner-up__second_best the competitor who finishes second
subtype: semifinalist one of four competitors remaining in a tournament by elimination
subtype: street_fighter a contestant who is very aggressive and willing to use underhand methods
subtype: tier.rival any one of two or more competitors who tie one another
subtype: tilter.rival someone who engages in a tilt or joust
subtype: starter a contestant who is in the game at the beginning
subtype: starting_pitcher the pitcher who starts in a baseball game
subtype: winner.contestant__victor the contestant who wins the contest
subtype: medalist__medallist someone who has won a medal
subtype: upsetter an unexpected winner; someone who defeats the favorite competitor
subtype: walloper a winner by a wide margin
subtype: withdrawer.contestant a contestant who withdraws from competition
subtype: coward a person who shows fear or timidity
subtype: cur a cowardly and despicable person
subtype: caitiff (archaic) a cowardly and despicable person
subtype: dastard a malicious coward
subtype: poltroon__craven__recreant an abject coward
subtype: quaker__trembler one who quakes and trembles with (or as with) fear
subtype: shy_person__shyperson__shrinking_violet__shrinkingviolet someone who shrinks from familiarity with others
subtype: wallflower.shy_person remains on sidelines at social event
subtype: sissy__pantywaist__pansy__milksop__Milquetoast a timid man or boy considered childish or unassertive
subtype: waverer__vacillator__hesitator__hesitater one who hesitates (out of fear)
subtype: creator a person who grows or makes or invents things
subtype: architect__designer someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)
subtype: landscape_architect__landscapearchitect__landscape_gardener__landscapegardener someone who arranges features of the landscape or garden attractively
instance: Andrew_Jackson_Downing__Downing Andre_Le_Notre__Le_Notre Frederick_Law_Olmsted__Olmsted__olmsted Calvert_Vaux__Vaux
instance: Marcel_Lajos_Breuer__Breuer John_Merven_Carrere__Carrere Philibert_Delorme__Delorme__de_l'Orme__Philibert_de_l'Orme Richard_Buckminster_Fuller__Fuller__Buckminster_Fuller__R._Buckminster_Fuller Antonio_Gaudi__Gaudi Cass_Gilbert__Gilbert Walter_Gropius__Gropius Thomas_Hastings__thomashasting__Hastings Victor_Horta__Horta Richard_Morris_Hunt__Hunt Inigo_Jones__Jones Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe__Latrobe Le_Corbusier__Charles_Edouard_Jeanneret Pierre_Charles_L'Enfant__L'Enfant Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci Maya_Lin__Lin Sir_Edwin_Lutyens__Lutyens__Sir_Edwin_Landseer_Luytens Francois_Mansart__Mansart__mansart Charles_Follen_McKim__McKim Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo Ludwig_Mies_Van_Der_Rohe__Mies_Van_Der_Rohe Pier_Luigi_Nervi__Nervi Andrea_Palladio__Palladio Ieoh_Ming_Pei__Pei__I._M._Pei Albert_Speer__Speer Edward_Durell_Stone__Stone Louis_Henry_Sullivan__Sullivan__Louis_Sullivan__Louis_Henri_Sullivan Kenzo_Tange__Tange William_Thornton__Thornton Richard_Upjohn__Upjohn Henri_Clemens_van_de_Velde__van_de_Velde__Henri_van_de_Velde Robert_Charles_Venturi__Venturi__Robert_Venturi Stanford_White__White Sir_Christopher_Wren__Wren Frank_Lloyd_Wright__Wright James_Wyatt__Wyatt
subtype: artist__creative_person a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination
subtype: illustrator an artist who makes illustrations (for books or magazines or advertisements etc.)
subtype: commercial_artist an illustrator who is supported by advertising
instance: Hablot_Knight_Browne__Browne__Phiz Norman_Rockwell__Rockwell
subtype: classic.artist an artist who has created classic works
subtype: classicist an artistic person who adheres to classicism
subtype: constructivist an artist of the school of constructivism
subtype: decorator__ornamentalist someone who decorates
subtype: draftsman__drawer an artist skilled at drawing
subtype: cartoonist a person who draws cartoons
instance: Jules_Feifer__Feifer Reuben_Lucius_Goldberg__Goldberg__Rube_Goldberg Sir_David_Alexander_Cecil_Low__Low__David_Low William_Henry_Mauldin__Mauldin__Bill_Mauldin Thomas_Nast__Nast Charles_Munroe_Schulz__Schulz__Charles_Schulz Saul_Steinberg__Steinberg Sir_John_Tenniel__Tenniel James_Grover_Thurber__Thurber__James_Thurber
subtype: pavement_artist someone who draws on the pavement with colored chalks (hoping that passers-by will give them money)
subtype: sketcher.draftsman someone who draws sketches
subtype: etcher someone who etches
subtype: expressionist an artist who is an adherent of expressionism
subtype: maestro__master an artist of consummate skill; "a master of the violin"; "one of the old masters"
subtype: old_master__oldmaster a great European painter prior to 19th century
instance: Sandro_Botticelli__Botticelli__Alessandro_di_Mariano_dei_Filipepi Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder__Brueghel__Breughel__Bruegel__Pieter_Brueghel__Pieter_Breughel__Pieter_Bruegel__Breughel_the_Elder Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio__Caravaggio Giovanni_Cimabue__Cimabue Antonio_Allegri_da_Correggio__Correggio Albrecht_Durer__Durer El_Greco__Greco__Domenikos_Theotocopoulos Jan_van_Eyck__Eyck__van_Eyck Giotto_di_Bondone__Giotto William_Hogarth__Hogarth Holbein_the_Elder__Holbein__Hans_Holbein Holbein_the_Younger__Holbein__Hans_Holbein Georges_de_La_Tour__La_Tour Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci Fra_Filippo_Lippi__Lippi Filippino_Lippi__Lippi Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo Nicolas_Poussin__Poussin Raffaello_Santi__Raphael__Raffaello_Sanzio Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn__Rembrandt__Rembrandt_van_Rijn__Rembrandt_van_Ryn Pierre_Auguste_Renoir__Renoir Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens__Rubens__Peter_Paul_Rubens Tintoretto__Jacopo_Robusti Titian__Tiziano_Vecellio Sir_Anthony_Vandyke__Vandyke__Van_Dyck Diego_Rodriguez_de_Silva_y_Velazquez__Velazquez Jan_Vermeer__Vermeer__Jan_van_der_Meer Paolo_Veronese__Veronese__Paola_Caliari Jean_Antoine_Watteau__Watteau__watteau
subtype: minimalist a practitioner or advocate of artistic minimalism
subtype: modernist an artist who makes a deliberate break with previous styles
subtype: musician artist who composes or conducts music as a profession
subtype: arranger__adapter__transcriber a musician who adapts a composition for particular voices or instruments or for another style of performance
subtype: orchestrator an arranger who writes for orchestras
subtype: choirmaster__precentor__cantor the musical director of a choir
subtype: composer composes music as a profession
subtype: contrapuntist a composer who specializes in counterpoint
subtype: psalmist a composer of sacred songs; "David is called The Psalmist because he is believed to be the author of the Book of Psalms
subtype: songwriter__songster__ballad_maker a composer of words or music for popular songs
instance: Irving_Berlin__Berlin__Israel_Baline Hoagland_Howard_Carmichael__Carmichael__Hoagy_Carmichael George_Michael_Cohan__Cohan__George_M._Cohan Antoine_Domino__Domino__Fats_Domino Bob_Dylan__Dylan Stephen_Collins_Foster__Foster__Stephen_Foster Woodrow_Wilson_Guthrie__Guthrie__Woody_Guthrie Buddy_Holly__Holly__Charles_Hardin_Holley John_Lennon__Lennon Sir_James_Paul_McCartney__McCartney__Paul_McCartney Paul_Simon__Simon
instance: Johann_Sebastian_Bach__Bach Ludwig_van_Beethoven__Beethoven__van_Beethoven Louis-Hector_Berlioz__Berlioz__Hector_Berlioz Leonard_Bernstein__Bernstein Marc_Blitzstein__Blitzstein Johannes_Brahms__Brahms Maria_Luigi_Carlo_Zenobio_Cherubini__Cherubini__Luigi_Cherubini Frederic_Francois_Chopin__Chopin Aaron_Copland__Copland Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward Karl_Czerny__Czerny Claude_Achille_Debussy__Debussy__Claude_Debussey Frederick_Delius__Delius Gaetano_Donizetti__Donizetti Antonin_Dvorak__Dvorak Sir_Edward_Elgar__Elgar Georges_Enesco__Enesco__George_Enescu George_Gershwin__Gershwin Mikhail_Ivanovich_Glinka__Glinka Christoph_Willibald_von_Gluck__Gluck Charles_Francois_Gounod__Gounod George_Percy_Aldridge_Grainger__Grainger__Percy_Grainger Edvard_hagerup_Grieg__Grieg__Edvard_Grieg Jacques_Francois_Fromental_Elie_Halevy__Halevy__Fromental_Halevy George_Frederick_Handel__Handel__Georg_Friedrich_Handel William_Christopher_Handy__Handy__W._C._Handy Franz_Joseph_Haydn__Haydn__Joseph_Haydn Paul_Hindemith__Hindemith Arthur_Honegger__Honegger Engelbert_Humperdinck__Humperdinck Charles_Edward_Ives__Ives Scott_Joplin__Joplin Jerome_David_Kern__Kern__Jerome_Kern Aram_Ilich_Khachaturian__Khachaturian__Aram_Khachaturian Leonard_Constant_Lambert__Lambert__Constant_Lambert Franz_Lehar__Lehar Franz_Liszt__Liszt Baron_Lloyd_Webber_of_Sydmonton__Lloyd_Webber__Andrew_Lloyd_Webber Frederick_Loewe__Loewe Jean_Baptiste_Lully__Lully Gustav_Mahler__Mahler Jules_Emile_Frederic_Massenet__Massenet Jakob_Ludwig_Felix_Mendelssohn-Bartholdy__Mendelssohn__Felix_Mendelssohn Gian_Carlo_Menotti__Menotti Giacomo_Meyerbeer__Meyerbeer__Jakob_Liebmann_Beer Darius_Milhaud__Milhaud Claudio_Monteverdi__Monteverdi Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart__Mozart Modest_Petrovich_Mussorgsky__Mussorgsky__Moussorgsky__Modest_Mussorgsky__Modest_Moussorgsky__Modest_Petrovich_Moussorgsky Carl_August_Nielson__Nielson Jacques_Offenbach__Offenbach Roy_Orbison__Orbison Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina__Palestrina Cole_Albert_Porter__Porter__Cole_Porter Sergei_Sergeyevich_Prokofiev__Prokofiev Giacomo_Puccini__Puccini Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninoff__Sergei_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninov__Sergei_Rachmaninov__Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninov Ottorino_Respighi__Respighi Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimski-Korsakov__Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimski-Korsakov Richard_Rodgers__Rodgers Sigmund_Romberg__Romberg Giloacchino_Antonio_Rossini__Rossini Anton_Grigorevich_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Anton_Gregor_Rubinstein Erik_Alfred_Leslie_Satie__Satie__Erik_Satie Artur_Schnabel__Schnabel Arnold_Schonberg__Schonberg__Schoenberg__Arnold_Schoenberg Franz_Peter_Schubert__Schubert__Franz_Schubert Robert_Alexander_Schumann__Schumann__Robert_Schumann Alexander_Nikolayevich_Scriabin__Scriabin Andres_Segovia__Segovia__segovia Roger_Huntington_Sessions__Sessions__Roger_Sessions Dmitri_Dmitrievich_Shostakovich__Shostakovich__Dmitri_Shostakovich Johan_Julius_Christian_Sibelius__Sibelius__Jean_Sibelius Stephen_Sondheim__Sondheim John_Philip_Sousa__Sousa__The_March_King Strauss_the_Elder__Strauss__Johann_Strauss Strauss_the_Younger__Strauss__Johann_Strauss Richard_Strauss__Strauss Igor_Fyodorovich_Stravinsky__Stravinsky__Igor_Stravinsky Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan__Sullivan__Arthur_Sullivan__Sir_Arthur_Sullivan Joseph_Deems_Taylor__Taylor__Deems_Taylor Peter_Ilich_Tchaikovsky__Tchaikovsky__Peter_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Ilich_Tchaikovsky Georg_Philipp_Telemann__Telemann Edgard_Varese__Varese Ralph_Vaughan_Williams__Vaughan_Williams Guiseppe_Fortunino_Francesco_Verdi__Verdi__Giuseppe_Verdi Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi__Vivaldi__Antonio_Vivaldi Wilhelm_Richard_Wagner__Wagner__Richard_Wagner Sir_William_Turner_Walton__Walton__Sir_William_Walton Baron_Karl_Maria_Friedrich_Ernst_von_Weber__Weber Kurt_Weill__Weill Hugo_Wolf__Wolf
subtype: music_director__musicdirector__conductor__director the person who leads a musical group
subtype: bandleader the leader of a dance band
instance: Benjamin_David_Goodman__Goodman__goodman__Benny_Goodman__the_King_of_Swing Woodrow_Charles_Herman__Herman__Woody_Herman Alton_Glenn_Miller__Miller__Glenn_Miller
subtype: bandmaster the conductor of a band
instance: John_Philip_Sousa__Sousa__The_March_King
subtype: drum_major the leader of a marching band or drum corps
subtype: drum_majorette a female drum major
instance: Leonard_Bernstein__Bernstein Arthur_Fiedler__Fiedler Sergei_Aleksandrovich_Koussevitzky__Koussevitzky__Serge_Koussevitzky Leonard_Constant_Lambert__Lambert__Constant_Lambert Eugene_Ormandy__Ormandy Seiji_Ozawa__Ozawa Leopold_Antoni_Stanislaw_Stokowski__Stokowski__Leopold_Stokowski George_Szell__Szell Arturo_Toscanini__Toscanini Bruno_Walter__Walter Sir_Henry_Joseph_Wood__Wood__Sir_Henry_Wood
subtype: virtuoso a musician who is a consummate master of technique and artistry
instance: Victor_Herbert__Herbert Yoko_Ono__Ono Carl_Orff__Orff
subtype: painter an artist who paints
subtype: abstractionist__abstract_artist a painter of abstract pictures
instance: Josef_Albers__Albers Piet_Mondrian__Mondrian
subtype: colorist a painter able to achieve special effects with color
subtype: cubist an artist who adheres to the principles of cubism
subtype: dauber an unskilled painter
subtype: distortionist a painter who introduces distortions
subtype: Fauve__fauvist a member of a group of French painters who followed Fauvism
subtype: impressionist a painter who follows the theories of impressionism
subtype: landscapist someone who paints landscapes
subtype: miniaturist someone who paints tiny pictures in great detail
subtype: oil_painter a painter who uses oil paints
subtype: old_master__oldmaster a great European painter prior to 19th century
subtype: pointilist a painter who uses the technique of pointilism
subtype: portraitist__portrait_painter__portrayer a painter or drawer of portraits
subtype: Postimpressionist an artist of the Postimpressionist school who revolted against impressionism
subtype: realist.painter a painter who represents the world realistically and not in an idealized or romantic style
subtype: scenic_artist__scene_painter__scenepainter an artist specializing in scenic subjects
subtype: watercolorist__watercolourist paints with watercolors
instance: Vanessa_Bell__Bell__Vanessa_Stephen Thomas_Hart_Benton__Benton Georges_Braque__Braque Paul_Cezanne__Cezanne Marc_Chagall__Chagall__chagall Giorgio_de_Chirico__Chirico John_Constable__Constable John_Singleton_Copley__Copley__John_Copley Jean_Baptiste_Camille_Corot__Corot Gustave_Courbet__Courbet Salvidor_Dali__Dali Honore_Daumier__Daumier Jacques_Louis_David__David Willem_de_Kooning__de_Kooning Ferdinand_Victor_Eugene_Delacroix__Delacroix__Eugene_Delacroix Adnre_Derain__Derain Raoul_Dufy__Dufy Max_Ernst__Ernst Jean_Honore_Fragonard__Fragonard Roger_Eliot_Fry__Fry__Roger_Fry Thomas_Gainsborough__Gainsborough Paul_Gauguin__Gauguin Alberto_Giacometti__Giacometti Francisco_Jose_de_Goya_y_Lucientes__Goya__Francisco_Goya__Francisco_de_Goya__Francisco_Jose_de_Goya Duncan_James_Corrow_Grant__Grant__Duncan_Grant Jaun_Gris__Gris Frederick_Childe_Hassam__Hassam__Childe_Hassam Katsushika_Hokusai__Hokusai__hokusai Winslow_Homer__Homer Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres__Ingres Wassily_Kandinsky__Kandinsky Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner__Kirchner Paul_Klee__Klee Gustav_Klimt__Klimt Franz_Joseph_Kline__Kline Lee_Krasner__leekrasner__Krasner Sir_Thomas_Lawrence__Lawrence Fernand_Leger__Leger Roy_Lichtenstein__Lichtenstein Laurence_Stephen_Lowry__Lowry__L._S._Lowry Rene_Magritte__Magritte Kazimir_Severinovich_Malevich__Malevich__Kazimir_Malevich Edouard_Manet__Manet Andrea_Mantegna__Mantegna Reginald_Marsh__Marsh Henri_Emile_Benoit_Matisse__Matisse__Henri_Matisse Jean_Francois_Millet__Millet Joan_Miro__Miro Modigliani__Amedeo_Modigliano Claude_Monet__Monet Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse__Morse__Samuel_Morse__Samuel_F._B._Morse Anne_Mary_Robertson_Moses__Moses__Grandma_Moses Robert_Motherwell__Motherwell Edvard_Munch__Munch Bartolome_Esteban_Murillo__Murillo O'Keeffe__Georgia_Okeeffe Jose_Clemente_Orozco__Orozco__Jose_Orozco Maxfield_Frederick_Parrish__Parrish__Maxfield_Parrish Pablo_Picasso__Picasso Jackson_Pollock__Pollock Sir_Joshua_Reynolds__Reynolds Mark_Rothko__Rothko Le_Douanier_Rousseau__Rousseau__Henri_Rousseau John_Singer_Sargent__johnsingersargent__Sargent__sargent Georges_Pierre_Seurat__Seurat__Georges_Seurat Benjamin_Shahn__Shahn__Ben_Shahn David_Alfaro_Siqueiros__Siqueiros__David_Siqueiros Chaim_Soutine__Soutine Frank_Philip_Stella__Stella__Frank_Stella Gilbert_Charles_Stuart__Stuart__Gilbert_Stuart Thomas_Sully__Sully Yves_Tanguy__Tanguy Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo__Tiepolo Mark_Tobey__Tobey Henri_Toulouse-Lautrec__Toulouse-Lautrec Trumbull__John_Trumbull Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner__Turner Maurice_Utrillo__Utrillo Vincent_van_Gogh__van_Gogh__Gogh Viktor_Vasarely__Vasarely Giorgio_Vasari__Vasari Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun__Vigee-Lebrun__Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun Maurice_de_Vlaminck__Vlaminck Jean_Edouard_Vuillard__Vuillard__Edouard_Vuillard Andy_Warhol__Warhol Weber__Max_Weber Benjamin_West__West James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler__Whistler Grant_Wood__Wood Andrew_Wyeth__Wyeth
subtype: photographer someone who takes photographs professionally
subtype: cameraman__camera_operator__cinematographer a photographer who operates a movie camera
subtype: press_photographer__pressphotographer a photographer who works for a newspaper
instance: Mathew_B._Brady__Brady Alfred_Eisenstaedt__Eisenstaedt Dorothea_Lange__Lange Edward_Jean_Steichen__Steichen Alfred_Stieglitz__Stieglitz William_Henry_Fox_Talbot__Talbot__Fox_Talbot Edward_Weston__Weston
subtype: Pre-Raphaelite a painter or writer dedicated to restoring early Renaissance ideals
instance: William_Holman_Hunt__Hunt__Holman_Hunt Sir_John_Everett_Millais__Millais__millai Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti__Rossetti
subtype: printmaker__graphic_artist__graphicartist an artist who designs and makes prints
subtype: engraver.printmaker a printmaker who prints from an engraved printing plate
subtype: lithographer a printmaker who uses lithography
instance: Nathaniel_Currier__Currier Honore_Daumier__Daumier James_Merritt_Ives__Ives__James_Ives
subtype: romanticist__romantic an artist of the romantic period or someone influenced by romanticism
subtype: sculptor__sculpturer__carver__statue_maker an artist who creates sculptures
subtype: sculptress a woman sculptor
instance: Constantin_Brancusi__Brancusi Alexander_Calder__Calder Benvenuto_Cellini__Cellini Thomas_Crawford__Crawford Donatello__Donato_di_Betto_Bardi Sir_Jacob_Epstein__Epstein__Jacob_Epstein Daniel_Chester_French__French Alberto_Giacometti__Giacometti Dame_Barbara_Hepworth__Hepworth__Barbara_Hepworth Malvina_Hoffman__Hoffman Gaston_Lachaise__Lachaise Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci Maya_Lin__Lin Jacques_Lipchitz__Lipchitz Lysippus Aristide_Maillol__Maillol Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo Modigliani__Amedeo_Modigliano Henry_Spencer_Moore__Moore__Henry_Moore Louise_Nevelson__Nevelson Isamu_Noguchi__Noguchi Pablo_Picasso__Picasso Francois_Auguste_Rene_Rodin__Rodin__Auguste_Rodin George_Segal__Segal David_Roland_Smith__Smith__David_Smith Lorado_Taft__Taft
subtype: stylist an artist who is a master of a particular style
subtype: surrealist an artist who is a member of the movement called surrealism
subtype: symbolist a member of an artistic movement that expressed ideas indirectly via symbols
instance: Jean_Arp__Arp__Hans_Arp John_James_Audubon__Audubon Marcel_Duchamp__Duchamp Jasper_Johns__Johns Edward_Lear__Lear Louis_Comfort_Tiffany__Tiffany
subtype: builder__developer__constructor someone who contracts for and supervises the construction of a building
subtype: boatbuilder a person who builds boats
subtype: contractor someone (a person or firm) who contracts to build things
subtype: defense_contractor__defensecontractor a contractor concerned with the development and manufacture of systems of defense
subtype: hauler__haulier a haulage contractor
subtype: garbage_carter__garbagecarter__carter__garbage_hauler__garbagehauler a hauler of garbage; "there is a web site where licensed carters and would-be customers can make connections"
subtype: ship-breaker a contractor who buys old ships and breaks them up for scrap
subtype: subcontractor someone who enters into a subcontract with the primary contractor
subtype: homebuilder__housebuilder someone who builds houses as a business
subtype: jerry-builder__jerrybuilder someone who builds cheap buildings out of poor materials on speculation for a quick profit
subtype: road_builder someone whose business is to build roads
subtype: shipbuilder.builder a person who builds ships as a business
subtype: choreographer someone who creates new dances
instance: Alvin_Ailey__Ailey Alicia_Alonso__Alonso Sir_Frederick_Ashton__Ashton George_Balanchine__Balanchine Mikhail_Baryshnikov__Baryshnikov Merce_Cunningham__Cunningham Agnes_George_De_Mille__De_Mille__Agnes_De_Mille Martha_Graham__Graham Lev_Ivanov__Ivanov Judith_Jamison__Jamison Robert_Joffrey__Joffrey Rudolph_Laban__Laban Leonide_Fedorovitch_Massine__leonidefedorovitchmassine__Massine__Leonid_Fyodorovich_Myasin Jerome_Robbins__Robbins__robbin Ted_Shawn__Shawn Ruth_St._Denis__St._Denis__Saint_Denis__Ruth_Saint_Denis Twyla_Tharp__Tharp Antony_Tudor__Tudor
subtype: couturier__fashion_designer__fashiondesigner__clothesdesigner someone who designs clothing
subtype: costumier__costumer__costume_designer__costumedesigner someone who designs or supplies costumes (as for a play or masquerade)
instance: Christian_Dior__Dior Calvin_Richard_Klein__Klein__Calvin_Klein Elsa_Schiaparelli__Schiaparelli Gianni_Versace__Versace Charles_Frederick_Worth__charlesfrederickworth__Worth
subtype: crafter a creator of great skill in the manual arts; "the jewelry was made by internationally famous craftsmen"
subtype: fantasist a creator of fantasies
subtype: farmer__husbandman__granger__sodbuster a person who operates a farm
subtype: contadino an Italian farmer
subtype: agriculturist__cultivator__grower__raiser someone concerned with the science or art or business of cultivating the soil
subtype: fruit_grower__fruitgrower someone who grows fruit commercially
subtype: beekeeper__apiarist__apiculturist a farmer who keeps bees for their honey
subtype: dairy_farmer__dairyfarmer__dairyman the owner or manager of a dairy
subtype: forester__tree_farmer__arboriculturist someone trained in forestry
subtype: lumberman__lumberjack__timberman__feller__faller a person that works at lumbering and fells trees
subtype: logger a lumberman who cuts logs into lengths after the trees have been felled
subtype: scorer a logger who marks trees to be felled
instance: Paul_Bunyan__Bunyan
subtype: plantation_owner__planter the owner or manager of a plantation
subtype: rancher a person who owns or operates a ranch
subtype: grazier a rancher who grazes cattle or sheep for market
subtype: smallholder (British) a person owning or renting a smallholding
subtype: small_farmer__smallfarmer a farmer on a small farm
subtype: crofter an owner or tenant of a small farm in Great Britain
subtype: sower someone who sows
subtype: stockman__stock_raiser__stockraiser__stock_farmer__stockfarmer farmer who breed or raises livestock
subtype: stock_breeder__stockbreeder__breeder a person who breeds animals
subtype: cow_man__cowman__cattleman__beef_man a man who raises (or tends) cattle
subtype: sheepman a man who raises (or tends) sheep
subtype: tenant_farmer a farmer who works land owned by someone else
subtype: tiller.farmer someone who tills land (prepares the soil for the planting of crops)
subtype: inventor__discoverer__artificer someone who is the first to think of or make something
subtype: patentee the inventor to whom a patent is issued
instance: Alexander_Graham_Bell__Bell__Alexander_Bell Sir_Henry_Bessemer__Bessemer John_Moses_Browning__Browning__John_M._Browning William_Seward_Burroughs__Burroughs Edmund_Cartwright__Cartwright Louis_Jacques_Mande_Daguerre__Daguerre Lee_De_Forest__De_Forest__The_Father_of_Radio George_Eastman__Eastman Thomas_Alva_Edison__Edison__Thomas_Edison Robert_Fulton__Fulton Richard_Jordan_Gatling__Gatling Gillette__King_Camp_Gilette Peter_Carl_Goldmark__Goldmark__Peter_Goldmark Charles_Goodyear__Goodyear James_Hargreaves__Hargreaves Hero_of_Alexandria__Hero__Heron Herman_Hollerith__Hollerith Elias_Howe__Howe Joseph_Marie_Jacquard__Jacquard__Joseph_M._Jacquard Edwin_Herbert_Land__Land__Din_Land Samuel_Pierpoint_Langley__Langley Peter_Paul_Mauser__Mauser__von_Mauser__P._P._von_Mauser Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim__Maxim Cyrus_Hall_McCormick__McCormick__Cyrus_McCormick Ottmar_Mergenthaler__Mergenthaler Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse__Morse__Samuel_Morse__Samuel_F._B._Morse Eadweard_Muybridge__Muybridge__Edward_James_Muggeridge Elisha_Graves_Otis__Otis Isaac_Merrit_Singer__Singer__Isaac_M._Singer Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry__Sperry Francis_Edgar_Stanley__Stanley Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz__Steinmetz William_Henry_Fox_Talbot__Talbot__Fox_Talbot Nikola_Tesla__Tesla James_Watt__Watt George_Westinghouse__Westinghouse Sir_Charles_Wheatstone__Wheatstone Eli_Whitney__Whitney Orville_Wright__Wright Wilbur_Wright__Wright Count_Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin__Zeppelin
subtype: shaper__maker a person who makes things
subtype: basketweaver__basketmaker someone skilled in weaving baskets
subtype: belt_maker a maker of belts
subtype: bookmaker a maker of books; someone who edits or publishes or binds books
subtype: beer_maker__brewer someone who brews beer or ale from malt and hops and water
subtype: chandler a maker (and seller) of candles and soap and oils and paints
subtype: candlemaker a person who makes or sells candles
subtype: wax-chandler__waxchandler one who deals in wax candles
subtype: shoemaker__cobbler a person who makes or repairs shoes
subtype: bootmaker__boot_maker a maker of boots
subtype: confectioner__candymaker someone who makes candies and other sweets
instance: Milton_Snavely_Hershey__Hershey
subtype: author__generator__source someone who originates or causes or initiates something; "he was the generator of several complaints"
subtype: coiner someone who is a source of new words or new expressions
subtype: glassmaker some who makes glass
subtype: hatmaker__hatter__milliner__modiste someone who makes and sells hats
subtype: ironworker a person who makes articles of iron
subtype: puddler a worker who turns pig iron into wrought iron by puddling
subtype: jewelry_maker__jewelrymaker__jeweler__jeweller someone who makes jewelry
subtype: goldsmith__goldworker an artisan who makes jewelry and other objects out of gold
instance: Peter_Carl_Faberge__Faberge
subtype: silversmith__silverworker someone who makes or repairs articles of silver
instance: Paul_Revere__Revere
subtype: maltster__maltman a maker of malt
subtype: manufacturer__producer someone who manufactures something
subtype: arms_manufacturer someone who manufactures arms and munitions
instance: Alfred_Krupp__Krupp Peter_Paul_Mauser__Mauser__von_Mauser__P._P._von_Mauser
subtype: brewer the owner or manager of a brewery
subtype: distiller someone who distills alcoholic liquors
subtype: food_manufacturer a person who manufactures food products
instance: W._K._Kellogg__Kellogg__Will_Keith_Kellog
subtype: sericulturist a producer of raw silk
instance: Cyrus_Hall_McCormick__McCormick__Cyrus_McCormick John_Mercer__Mercer Isaac_Merrit_Singer__Singer__Isaac_M._Singer Eli_Whitney__Whitney
subtype: needleworker someone who does work (as sewing or embroidery) with a needle
subtype: edger.needleworker a person who puts finishing edges on a garment
subtype: embroiderer someone who ornaments with needlework
subtype: embroideress a woman embroiderer
subtype: garmentmaker__garmentworker__garment_worker__garmentworker a person who makes garments
subtype: cloakmaker__furrier someone whose occupation is making or repairing fur garments
subtype: dressmaker__modiste__needlewoman__seamstress__sempstress someone who makes or mends dresses
instance: Betsy_Griscom_Ross__Ross__Betsy_Ross
subtype: outfitter someone who provides outfits
subtype: stitcher a garmentmaker who performs the finishing steps
subtype: tailor__seamster__sartor a person whose occupation is making and altering garments
subtype: fitter someone who fits a garment to a particular person
subtype: knitter someone who makes garments (or fabrics) by intertwining yarn or thread
subtype: sewer someone who sews; "a sewer of fine gowns"
subtype: baster.sewer__tacker a sewer who fastens a garment with long loose stitches
subtype: sewing-machine_operator someone who sews by operating a sewing machine
subtype: tucker.sewer a sewer who tucks
subtype: patternmaker someone who makes patterns (as for sewing or carpentry or metalworking)
subtype: perfumer a person who makes (and sells) perfumes
subtype: piano_maker__pianomaker a person who makes pianos
instance: Heinrich_Engelhard_Steinway__Steinway__Henry_Steinway__Henry_Engelhard_Steinway
subtype: saddler a maker and repairer and seller of equipment for horses
subtype: sailmaker a maker of sails
subtype: shirtmaker a maker of shirts
subtype: thread_maker__spinner__spinster someone who spins (who twists fibers into threads)
subtype: steelmaker__steelworker__steelman a worker engaged in making steel
subtype: tentmaker someone who makes or repairs tents
subtype: toolmaker someone skilled in making or repairing tools
subtype: winemaker__vintner__wine_maker someone who makes wine
subtype: violin_maker someone who makes violins
instance: Nicolo_Amati__Amati__Nicola_Amati Andrea_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius Guiseppe_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius Antonio_Stradivari__Stradivari__Stradivarius__Antonius_Stradivarius
subtype: watchmaker__horologist__horologer someone who makes or repairs watches
subtype: wigmaker someone who makes and sells wigs
subtype: modeler__modeller a person who creates models
instance: Madame_Tussaud__Tussaud__tussaud__Marie_Tussaud__Marie_Grosholtz
subtype: originator__conceiver__mastermind someone who creates new things
subtype: beginner__founder__founding_father__father a person who founds or establishes some institution; "George Washington is the father of his country"
subtype: cofounder one of a group of founders
subtype: colonizer someone who helps to found a colony
instance: Sir_Walter_Raleigh__Raleigh__Walter_Raleigh__Ralegh__Walter_Ralegh__Sir_Walter_Ralegh Cecil_John_Rhodes__Rhodes__Cecil_Rhodes__Cecil_J._Rhodes
subtype: foundress__foundres a woman founder
subtype: innovator__pioneer someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art
subtype: proposer__mover (parliamentary procedure) someone who makes a formal motion
subtype: nominator someone who proposes a candidate for appointment or election
subtype: suggester__proposer someone who advances a suggestion or proposal; "the suggester of this absurd strategy was a fool"
subtype: producer someone who finds financing for and supervises the making and presentation of a show (play or film or program or similar work)
subtype: film_maker__film_producer__movie_maker__moviemaker a producer of motion pictures
subtype: auteur a filmmaker who has a personal style and keeps creative control over his or her works
subtype: New_Waver a film maker who follows New Wave ideas
instance: Allen_Stewart_Konigsberg__Allen__Woody_Allen Bernardo_Bertolucci__Bertolucci Frank_Capra__Capra Sir_Charles_Spencer_Chaplin__Chaplin__Charlie_Chaplin Jean_Cocteau__Cocteau Francis_Ford_Coppola__Coppola Cecil_Blount_De_Mille__De_Mille__Cecil_B._De_Mille Vittorio_De_Sica__De_Sica Walter_Elias_Disney__Disney__Walt_Disney Sergei_Mikhailovich_Eisenstein__Eisenstein__Sergei_Eisenstein John_Ford__Ford Jean_Luc_Godard__Godard Samuel_Goldwyn__Goldwyn__Sam_Goldwyn David_Lewelyn_Wark_Griffith__Griffith__D._W._Griffith Howard_Robard_Hughes__Hughes__Howard_Hughes John_Huston__Huston Norman_Jewison__Jewison Krzysztof_Kieslowski__Kieslowski Sir_Alexander_Korda__Korda__Sandor_Kellner Stanley_Kubrick__Kubrick Akira_Kurosawa__Kurosawa Shelton_Jackson_Lee__Lee__Spike_Lee Ernst_Lubitsch__Lubitsch George_Lucas__Lucas Louis_Burt_Mayer__Mayer__Louis_B._Mayer Sydney_Pollack__Pollack Charles_Robert_Redford__Redford__Robert_Redford Martin_Scorsese__Scorsese David_Oliver_Selznick__Selznick__David_O._Selznick Mack_Sennett__Sennett Spielburg__Steven_Spielberg George_Stevens__Stevens Oliver_Stone__Stone Quentin_Jerome_Tarantino__Tarantino__Quentin_Tarantino Andrei_Arsenevich_Tarkovsky__Tarkovsky__Andrei_Tarkovsky Jacques_Tati__Tati__Jacques_Tatischeff Francois_Truffaut__Truffaut Don_Luchino_Visconti_Conte_di_Modrone__Visconti__Luchino_Visconti Josef_von_Sternberg__von_Sternberg Andrzej_Wajda__Wajda Charles_Dudley_Warner__Warner George_Orson_Welles__Welles__Orson_Welles Samuel_Wilder__Wilder__Billy_Wilder William_Wyler__Wyler Darryl_Francis_Zanuck__Zanuck__Darryl_Zanuck Fred_Zinnemann__Zinnemann
subtype: theatrical_producer someone who produces theatrical performances
instance: Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker Sir_Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree__Tree Florenz_Ziegfeld__Ziegfeld__Flo_Ziegfeld
subtype: disputant a person who disputes; who is good at or enjoys controversy
subtype: accuser someone who imputes guilt or blame
subtype: debater__arguer someone who engages in debate
subtype: devil's_advocate__devil'sadvocate someone who takes the worse side just for the sake of argument
subtype: disprover__rebutter__refuter a debater who refutes or disproves by offering contrary evidence or argument
subtype: wrangler someone who argues noisily or angrily
subtype: denier one who denies
subtype: logomach__logomachist someone given to disputes over words
subtype: obstructionist__obstructor__obstructer__resister__thwarter someone who systematically obstructs some action that others want to take
subtype: naysayer someone with an aggressively negative attitude
subtype: stonewaller one who stonewalls or refuses to answer or cooperate
subtype: quarreler__quarreller a disputant who quarrels
subtype: quibbler__caviller__caviler__pettifogger a disputant who quibbles; someone who raises annoying petty objections
subtype: radical a person who has radical ideas or opinions
subtype: anarchist__nihilist__syndicalist an advocate of anarchism
instance: Mikhail_Aleksandrovich_Bakunin__Bakunin__Mikhail_Bakunin Emma_Goldman__Goldman Pyotr_Alexeyevich_Kropotkin__Kropotkin__Prince_Peter_Kropotkin Nicola_Sacco__Sacco Benjamin_Ricketson_Tucker__Tucker Bartolomeo_Vanzetti__Vanzetti
subtype: Bolshevik__Marxist__pinko__red__bolshie emotionally charged terms used to refer to extreme radicals or revolutionaries
subtype: extremist a person who holds extreme views
subtype: leveler__leveller a radical who advocates the abolition of political or economic or social inequalities
subtype: revolutionist__revolutionary__subversive__subverter a radical supporter of political or social revolution
subtype: counterrevolutionist__counterrevolutionary a revolutionary whose aim is to reverse the changes introduced by an earlier revolution
subtype: dynamiter__dynamitist a person who uses dynamite in a revolutionary cause
subtype: Girondist a member of the moderate republican party during the French Revolution; the Girondists were overthrown by their more radical rivals the Jacobins
subtype: insurgent__insurrectionist__freedom_fighter__freedomfighter__rebel a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
subtype: mutineer open rebellion and refusal to obey authorities (especially by seamen or soldiers)
instance: Nat_Turner__Turner Denmark_Vesey__Vesey Sir_William_Wallace__Wallace
instance: Marie_Anne_Charlotte_Corday_d'Armont__Corday__Charlotte_Corday Georges_Jacques_Danton__Danton Ernesto_Guevara_de_la_Serna__Guevara__Che_Guevara Mao_Tsetung__Mao__Mao_Zedong Jean_Paul_Marat__Marat Jose_Julian_Marti__Marti Karl_Marx__Marx Comte_de_Mirabeau__Mirabeau__Honore-Gabriel_Victor_Riqueti Maxmillien_Marie_Isidore_de_Robespierre__Robespierre Leon_Trotsky__Trotsky__Lev_Davidovich_Bronstein Francisco_Villa__Villa__Pancho_Villa__Doroteo_Arango Emiliano_Zapata__Zapata Zhou_En-lai__Chou_En-lai
subtype: terrorist a radical who employs terror as a political weapon
instance: Jacobin
subtype: Trotskyite__Trotskyist__Trot radicals who support Trotsky's theory that socialism must be established throughout the world by continuing revolution
subtype: Young_Turk a radical who agitates for reform
subtype: reformist__reformer__crusader__meliorist a disputant who advocates reform
subtype: abolitionist__emancipationist a reformer who favors abolishing slavery
instance: Henry_Ward_Beecher__Beecher John_Brown__Brown Frederick_Douglass__Douglass William_Lloyd_Garrison__Garrison Harriet_Elizabeth_Beecher_Stowe__Stowe__Harriet_Beecher_Stowe Arthur_Tappan__Tappan Sojourner_Truth__Truth Harriet_Tubman__Tubman Theodore_Dwight_Weld__Weld
subtype: birth-control_campaigner__birthcontrolcampaigner__birth-control_reformer__birthcontrolreformer a social reformer who advocates birth control and family planning
instance: Marie_Charlotte_Carmichael_Stopes__Stopes__Marie_Stopes
subtype: Chartist a 19th century English reformer who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
subtype: civil_rights_leader__civil_rights_worker a leader of the political movement dedicated to securing equal opportunity for members of minority groups
instance: Julian_Bond__Bond William_Edward_Burghardt_Du_Bois__Du_Bois__W._E._B._Du_Bois Medgar_Wiley_Evers__Evers__Medgar_Evers James_Leonard_Farmer__Farmer Jesse_Louis_Jackson__Jackson__Jesse_Jackson Martin_Luther_King_Jr.__King__Martin_Luther_King Malcolm_X__Malcolm_Little James_Howard_Meredith__Meredith__James_Meredith Rosa_Parks__Parks Paul_Bustill_Robeson__Robeson__robeson__paulrobeson Roy_Wilkins__Wilkins Whitney_Moore_Young_Jr.__Young__Whitney_Young
subtype: protester__demonstrator someone who participates in a public display of group feeling
subtype: picket.protester a protester posted by a labor organization outside a place of work
subtype: dry__prohibitionist a reformer who opposes the use of intoxicating beverages
instance: Carry_Amelia_Moore_Nation__Nation__Carry_Nation Frances_Elizabeth_Caroline_Willard__Willard
subtype: environmentalist__conservationist someone who works to protect the environment from destruction or pollution
subtype: Green an environmentalist who belongs to the Green Party
instance: Rachel_Louise_Carson__Carson__Rachel_Carson Barbara_Ward__Ward__Baroness_Jackson_of_Lodsworth
subtype: feminist__women's_rightist__women'srightist__women's_liberationist__women'sliberationist__libber a supporter of feminism
subtype: suffragette a woman advocate of women's right to vote (especially a militant advocate in the United Kingdom at the beginning of the 20th century)
instance: Simone_de_Beauvoir__Beauvoir Betty_Naomi_Friedan__Friedan__Betty_Friedan Charlotte_Anna_Perkins_Gilman__Gilman Lucretia_Coffin_Mott__Mott Alice_Paul__Paul Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton__Stanton Gloria_Steinem__Steinem Lucy_Stone__Stone Sojourner_Truth__Truth Mary_Wollstonecraft_Godwin__Wollstonecraft__Mary_Wollstonecraft Frances_Wright__Wright__Fanny_Wright
subtype: hippie__hippy__hipster__flowerchild someone who rejects the established culture; advocates extreme liberalism in politics and lifestyle
subtype: insurgent__insurrectionist__freedom_fighter__freedomfighter__rebel a person who takes part in an armed rebellion against the constituted authority (especially in the hope of improving conditions)
subtype: militant__activist a militant reformer
subtype: Black_Muslim activist member of a largely Black American group called The Nation of Islam
instance: Elijah_Muhammad__Muhammad
subtype: Black_Panther a member of the Black Panthers political party
instance: Malcolm_X__Malcolm_Little
subtype: non-resistant__nonresistant__passive_resister__passiveresister a reformer who believes in passive resistance
subtype: Utopian an idealistic (but usually impractical) social reformer; "a Utopian believes in the ultimate perfectibility of man"
instance: Anthony_Comstock__Comstock John_Huss__Huss__Hus__Jan_Hus Robert_Owen__Owen Girolamo_Savonarola__Savonarola Francis_Everett_Townsend__Townsend John_Wilkes__Wilkes
subtype: engineer__applied_scientist__appliedscientist__technologist a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems
subtype: aeronautical_engineer an engineer concerned with the design and construction of aircraft
instance: Reginald_Joseph_Mitchell__Mitchell__R._J._Mitchell
subtype: aerospace_engineer__aerospaceengineer an engineer of aircraft and space vehicles
subtype: army_engineer__military_engineer a member of the military who is trained in engineering and construction work
subtype: sapper a military engineer who does sapping (digging trenches or undermining fortifications)
subtype: sapper.army_engineer a military engineer who lays or detects and disarms mines
subtype: automotive_engineer an engineer concerned with the design and construction of automobiles
subtype: civil_engineer__civilengineer an engineer trained to design and construct and maintain public works (roads or bridges or harbors etc.)
subtype: highway_engineer__highwayengineer a civil engineer who specializes in the design and construction of roads and highways
instance: David_Barnard_Steinman__Steinman
subtype: electrical_engineer a person trained in practical applications of the theory of electricity
instance: Vannevar_Bush__Bush Lee_De_Forest__De_Forest__The_Father_of_Radio Ray_M._Dolby__Dolby Oliver_Heaviside__Heaviside Arthur_Edwin_Kennelly__Kennelly__A._E._Kennelly Guglielmo_Marconi__Marconi Ernst_Werner_von_Siemens__Siemens Sir_Clive_Marles_Sinclair__Sinclair__Clive_Sinclair Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz__Steinmetz Nikola_Tesla__Tesla Elihu_Thomson__Thomson
subtype: marine_engineer__naval_engineer__navalengineer an officer responsible for the operation and maintenance of the ship's engines
subtype: mechanical_engineer a person trained to design and construct machines
subtype: tribologist a specialist in tribology
subtype: metallurgist__metallurgical_engineer__metallurgicalengineer an engineer trained in the extraction and refining and alloying and fabrication of metals
instance: Sir_Henry_Bessemer__Bessemer
subtype: mining_engineer an engineer concerned with the construction and operation of mines
subtype: computer_programmer__programmer__coder__softwareengineer a person who designs and writes and tests computer programs
subtype: hacker.computer_programmer a programmer for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers
subtype: rocket_engineer__rocket_scientist an engineer who builds and tests rockets
instance: Wernher_Magnus_Maximilian_von_Braun__Braun__von_Braun__Wernher_von_Braun
subtype: surveyor an engineer who determines the boundaries and elevations of land or structures
subtype: lineman.surveyor the surveyor who marks positions with a range pole
subtype: locator__locater a person who fixes the boundaries of land claims
instance: Gottlieb_Daimler__Daimler Rudolf_Christian_Karl_Diesel__Diesel__Rudolf_Diesel Bryan_Donkin__Donkin Alexandre_Gustave_Eiffel__Eiffel George_Washington_Goethals__Goethals Hugo_Junkers__Junkers Charles_Franklin_Kettering__Kettering__Charles_Kettering Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci John_Augustus_Roebling__Roebling__John_Roebling Claude_Elwood_Shannon__Shannon__shannon__Claude_Shannon__Claude_E._Shannon Sir_Charles_William_Siemens__Siemens__Karl_Wilhelm_Siemens Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry__Sperry Richard_Trevithick__Trevithick Thomas_Augustus_Watson__Watson James_Watt__Watt
subtype: entertainer a person who tries to please or amuse
subtype: bombshell.entertainer an entertainer who has a sensational effect; "she was a blonde bombshell"
subtype: busker a person who entertains people for money in public places (as by singing or dancing)
subtype: drawing_card__drawingcard__draw__attraction__attractor an entertainer who attracts large audiences; "he was the biggest drawing card they had"
subtype: humorist__humourist someone who acts speaks or writes in an amusing way
subtype: parodist__lampooner mimics literary or musical style for comic effect
subtype: caricaturist someone who parodies in an exaggerated manner
instance: Sir_Henry_Maxmilian_Beerbohm__Beerbohm__Max_Beerbohm
subtype: punster someone overly fond of making puns
subtype: satirist__ironist a humorist who uses ridicule and irony and sarcasm
instance: Juvenal__Decimus_Junius_Juvenalis Francois_Rabelais__Rabelais Jonathan_Swift__Swift__Dean_Swift
subtype: wag__wit__card (informal) a witty amusing person who makes jokes
instance: Robert_Charles_Benchley__Benchley__Robert_Benchley Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens__Clemens__Mark_Twain Ringgold_Wilmer_Lardner__Lardner__Ring_Lardner Stephen_Butler_Leacock__Leacock__Stephen_Leacock Edward_Lear__Lear Donald_Robert_Perry_Marquis__Marquis__Don_Marquis__donmarqui William_Penn_Adair_Rogers__Rogers__Will_Rogers Henry_Wheeler_Shaw__Shaw__Josh_Billings James_Grover_Thurber__Thurber__James_Thurber
subtype: master_of_ceremonies__emcee__host a person who acts as host at formal occasions (makes an introductory speech and introduces other speakers)
subtype: compere British term for someone who introduces television acts or cabarets etc
subtype: Lord_of_Misrule a person appointed master of revels at a Christmas celebration
subtype: question_master__quizmaster (British) the host or chairman of a radio or tv quiz show or panel game
subtype: ringmaster the person in charge of performances in a circus ring
subtype: toastmaster the person who proposes toasts and introduces speakers at a banquet
subtype: toast_mistress a woman toastmaster
instance: Edward_Vincent_Sullivan__Sullivan__Ed_Sullivan
subtype: performer__performing_artist an entertainer who performs a dramatic or musical work for an audience
subtype: histrion__actor__player__thespian__role_player a theatrical performer
subtype: actress__actres a female actor
subtype: leading_lady__leadinglady actress who plays the leading female role
subtype: starlet a young (film) actress who is publicized as a future star
subtype: tragedienne an actress who specializes in tragic roles
instance: Tallulah_Bankhead__Bankhead Georgiana_Emma_Barrymore__Barrymore__Georgiana_Barrymore Ethel_Barrymore__Barrymore Ingrid_Bergman__Bergman Sarah_Bernhardt__Bernhardt__Henriette_Rosine_Bernard Shirley_Temple_Black__Black__Shirley_Temple Katherine_Cornell__Cornell Joan_Crawford__Crawford Bette_Davis__Davis Marlene_Dietrich__Dietrich__Maria_Magdalene_von_Losch Eleonora_Duse__Duse Jane_Fonda__Fonda Lynn_Fontanne__Fontanne Greta_Garbo__Garbo__Greta_Louisa_Gustafsson Judy_Garland__Garland Lillian_Gish__Gish Jean_Harlow__Harlow__Harlean_Carpenter Helen_Hayes__Hayes Katharine_Houghton_Hepburn__Hepburn__hepburn__Katharine_Hepburn Glenda_Jackson__Jackson Grace_Patricia_Kelly__Kelly__Grace_Kelly__Princess_Grace_of_Monaco Lillie_Langtry__Langtry__the_Jersey_Lillie__Emilie_Charlotte_le_Breton Gertrude_Lawrence__Lawrence Eva_Le_Gallienne__Le_Gallienne Vivien_Leigh__Leigh Beatrice_Lillie__Lillie__Lady_Peel Sophia_Loren__Loren__Sofia_Scicolone Mary_Martin__Martin Anna_Amalia_Mercouri__Mercouri__Melina_Mercouri Marilyn_Monroe__Monroe__Norma_Jean_Baker Alla_Nazimova__Nazimova Mary_Pickford__Pickford__Gladys_Smith Ginger_Rogers__Rogers__Virginia_McMath Moira_Shearer__Shearer Sarah_Kemble_Siddons__Siddons__Sarah_Siddons Cornelia_Otis_Skinner__Skinner Meryl_Streep__Streep Barbra_Joan_Streisand__Streisand__Barbra_Streisand Gloria_Swanson__Swanson__Gloria_May_Josephine_Svensson Elizabeth_Taylor__Taylor Dame_Alice_Ellen_Terry__Terry__Dame_Ellen_Terry Dame_Sybil_Thorndike__Thorndike Ethel_Waters__Waters Mae_West__West Natalie_Wood__Wood Loretta_Young__Young
subtype: barnstormer__playactor__trouper an actor who travels around the country presenting plays
subtype: character_actor__characteractor an actor who specializes in playing supporting roles
subtype: comedian an actor in a comedy
subtype: comedienne.comedian a female actor in a comedy
instance: Eleanor_Gwynn__Gwynn__Gywn__Gynne__Nell_Gwynn__Nell_Gywn__Nell_Gwynne__Eleanor_Gwyn__Eleanor_Gwynne
subtype: ham_actor__hamactor__ham an unskilled actor who overacts
subtype: heavy.histrion an actor who plays villainous roles
subtype: ingenue.histrion an actress who specializes in playing the role of an artless innocent young girl
subtype: leading_man__leadingman actor who plays the leading male role
subtype: mime__mimer__mummer__pantomimer__pantomimist an actor who communicates entirely by gesture and facial expression
instance: Marcel_Marceau__Marceau
subtype: plant.histrion an actor situated in the audience whose acting is rehearsed but seems spontaneous to the audience
subtype: scene-stealer__scenestealer an actor who draws more attention than other actors in the same scene; "babies are natural scene-stealers"
subtype: star.histrion__principal__lead an actor who plays a principal role
subtype: co-star one of two actors who are given equal status as stars in a play or film
subtype: film_star__movie_star__moviestar a star who plays leading roles in the cinema
subtype: matinee_idol__matineeidol__idol someone who is adored blindly and excessively
subtype: heartthrob an object of infatuation
subtype: television_star__TV_star a star in a television show
subtype: supernumerary__spear_carrier__spearcarrier__extra a minor actor in crowd scenes
subtype: tragedian.histrion one who specializes in tragic roles
subtype: understudy__standby an actor able to replace a regular performer when required
subtype: upstager a selfish actor who upstages the other actors
subtype: walk-on plays a small part in a dramatic production
instance: Allen_Stewart_Konigsberg__Allen__Woody_Allen Fred_Astaire__Astaire Maurice_Barrymore__Barrymore__Herbert_Blythe Lionel_Barrymore__Barrymore John_Barrymore__Barrymore Humphrey_DeForest_Bogart__Bogart__Humphrey_Bogart John_Wilkes_Booth__Booth Richard_Burbage__Burbage__burbage Richard_Burton__Burton Jimmy_Cagney__Cagney__James_Cagney Maurice_Chevalier__Chevalier Frank_Cooper__Cooper__Gary_Cooper Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward Harry_Lillis_Crosby__Crosby__Bing_Crosby James_Byron_Dean__Dean__James_Dean Robert_De_Niro__De_Niro Gerard_Depardieu__Depardieu John_Drew__Drew Douglas_Elton_Fairbanks__Fairbanks__Douglas_Fairbanks__Julius_Ullman Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.__Fairbanks Henry_Fonda__Fonda William_Clark_Gable__Gable__gable__Clark_Gable David_Garrick__Garrick__garrick Mel_Columcille_Gerard_Gibson__Gibson__Mel_Gibson Arthur_John_Gielgud__Gielgud__Sir_John_Gielgud Cary_Grant__Grant Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker Sir_Alec_Guinness__Guinness__Alec_Guinness Thomas_J._Hanks__Hanks__Tom_Hanks Reginald_Carey_Harrison__Harrison__Rex_Harrison__Sir_Rex_Harrison John_Heming__Heming__Hemminge__John_Hemminge Dustin_Hoffman__Hoffman Sir_Anthony_Philip_Hopkins__Hopkins__Anthony_Hopkins__Sir_Anthony_Hopkins Leslie_Howard_Stainer__Howard__Leslie_Howard Al_Jolson__Jolson__Asa_Yoelson Boris_Karloff__Karloff__William_Henry_Pratt Edmund_Kean__Kean Joseph_Francis_Keaton__Keaton__Buster_Keaton Eugene_Curran_Kelly__Kelly__Gene_Kelly Charles_Laughton__Laughton Lee_Yuen_Kam__Lee__Bruce_Lee Jack_Lemmon__Lemmon__John_Uhler Harold_Clayton_Lloyd__Lloyd__Harold_Lloyd Peter_Lorre__Lorre__Laszlo_Lowestein Bela_Lugosi__Lugosi__Bela_Ferenc_Blasko Alfred_Lunt__Lunt E._G._Marshall__Marshall Steve_Martin__Martin James_Neville_Mason__Mason__James_Mason Robert_Mitchum__Mitchum Dudley_Stuart_John_Moore__Moore__Dudley_Moore Paul_Newman__Newman Sir_Laurence_Kerr_Olivier__Olivier__Laurence_Olivier__Baron_Olivier_of_Birghton Peter_Seamus_O'Toole__O'Toole__Peter_O'Toole Sidney_Poitier__Poitier Charles_Robert_Redford__Redford__Robert_Redford Sir_Ralph_David_Richardson__Richardson__Ralph_Richardson Edward_Goldenberg_Robinson__Robinson__Edward_G._Robinson George_C._Scott__Scott Peter_Sellers__Sellers Francis_Albert_Sinatra__Sinatra__Frank_Sinatra Otis_Skinner__Skinner Konstantin_Sergeevich_Stanislavsky__Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Sergevich_Alekseev James_Maitland_Stewart__Stewart__Jimmy_Stewart Erich_von_Stroheim__Stroheim Spencer_Tracy__Tracy Sir_Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree__Tree Peter_Alexander_Ustinov__Ustinov__Sir_Peter_Ustinov John_Wayne__Wayne__Duke_Wayne George_Orson_Welles__Welles__Orson_Welles
subtype: artiste a public performer (a dancer or singer)
subtype: baton_twirler__batontwirler__twirler someone who twirls a baton
subtype: drum_majorette.baton_twirler__drummajorette a female baton twirler who accompanies a marching band
subtype: comic__comedian a professional performer who tells jokes and performs comic acts
subtype: merry_andrew__merryandrew__clown__buffoon a person who amuses others by ridiculous behavior
subtype: harlequin a clown or buffoon (after the Harlequin character in the commedia dell'arte)
subtype: jester__fool a professional clown employed to to entertain a king or nobleman in the middle ages
subtype: whiteface a clown whose face is covered with white make-up
subtype: zany a buffoon in one of the old comedies; imitates others for ludicrous effect
instance: Emmett_Kelly__Kelly__Weary_Willie
subtype: comedienne a female comedian
subtype: gagman__standup_comedian__standupcomedian a comedian who uses gags
subtype: jokester__joker a person who enjoys telling or playing jokes
subtype: top_banana__topbanana the leading comedian in a burlesque show
instance: George_Burns__Burns__Nathan_Birnbaum Sir_Charles_Spencer_Chaplin__Chaplin__Charlie_Chaplin Jimmy_Durante__Durante W._C._Fields__Fields__William_Claude_Dukenfield Oliver_Hardy__Hardy Benny_Hill__Hill__Alfred_Hawthorne Leslie_Townes_Hope__Hope__Bob_Hope Joseph_Francis_Keaton__Keaton__Buster_Keaton Sir_Harry_MacLennan_Lauder__Lauder__Harry_Lauder Arthur_Stanley_Jefferson_Laurel__Laurel__Stan_Laurel Steve_Martin__Martin Julius_Marx__Groucho__groucho__marx Leonard_Marx__Chico__Marx Arthur_Marx__Harpo__Marx Herbert_Marx__Zeppo__Marx Dudley_Stuart_John_Moore__Moore__Dudley_Moore
subtype: rodeo_rider__rodeorider__cowboy a performer who gives exhibitions of riding and roping and bulldogging
subtype: professional_dancer__dancer a performer who dances
subtype: ballet_dancer a dancer who is a member of a ballet company
subtype: ballerina__danseuse a female ballet dancer
subtype: prima_ballerina__primaballerina a leading female ballet dancer
subtype: danseur_noble__danseurnoble__danseur a male ballet dancer who is the partner of a ballerina
subtype: ballet_master a man who directs and teaches and rehearses dancers for a ballet company
subtype: baller_mistress a woman who directs and teaches and rehearses dancers for a ballet company
subtype: belly_dancer__bellydancer__exotic_dancer a woman who performs a solo Oriental dance using exaggerated abdominal movements
subtype: chorus_girl__showgirl__chorine a woman who dances in a chorus line
subtype: hoofer__stepper a professional dancer
subtype: nautch_girl a professional dancing girl in India
subtype: tap_dancer__tapdancer a dancer who who sounds out rhythms by using metal taps on the toes and heels of the shoes
subtype: taxi_dancer a woman employed to dance with patrons who pay a fee for each dance
instance: Alicia_Alonso__Alonso Fred_Astaire__Astaire George_Balanchine__Balanchine Mikhail_Baryshnikov__Baryshnikov Merce_Cunningham__Cunningham Agnes_George_De_Mille__De_Mille__Agnes_De_Mille Isadora_Duncan__Duncan Dame_Margot_Fonteyn__Fonteyn Martha_Graham__Graham Judith_Jamison__Jamison Tamara_Karsavina__Karsavina Eugene_Curran_Kelly__Kelly__Gene_Kelly Dame_Alicia_Markova__Markova__Lilian_Alicia_Marks Leonide_Fedorovitch_Massine__leonidefedorovitchmassine__Massine__Leonid_Fyodorovich_Myasin Arthur_Mitchell__Mitchell Lola_Montez__Montez__Marie_Dolores_Eliza_Rosanna_Gilbert Vaslav_Nijinsky__Nijinsky__Waslaw_Nijinsky Rudolf_Nureyev__Nureyev Anna_Pavlova__Pavlova Ginger_Rogers__Rogers__Virginia_McMath Salome Ted_Shawn__Shawn Moira_Shearer__Shearer Ruth_St._Denis__St._Denis__Saint_Denis__Ruth_Saint_Denis Maria_Tallchief__Tallchief Twyla_Tharp__Tharp Antony_Tudor__Tudor Galina_Sergeevna_Ulanova__Ulanova__Galina_Ulanova Gaetan_Vestris__Vestris
subtype: executant a performer (usually of musical works)
subtype: fire-swallower__fire-eater a performer who pretends to swallow fire
subtype: fire_walker someone who walks barefoot on burning coals
subtype: headliner__star a performer who receives prominent billing
subtype: juggler a performer who juggles objects and performs tricks of manual dexterity
subtype: magician__prestidigitator__conjurer__conjuror__illusionist someone who performs magic tricks to amuse an audience
subtype: escapologist__escape_expert someone who is expert in the art of escaping
subtype: mind_reader__telepathist__thoughtreader a magician who seems to discern the thoughts of another person (usually by clever signals from an accomplice)
subtype: minstrel a performer in a minstrel show
subtype: corner_man__end_man__endman a man at one end of line of performers in a minstrel show; carries on humorous dialogue with the interlocutor
subtype: interlocutor__middleman the performer in the middle of a minstrel line who engages the others in talk
subtype: monologist an entertainer who performs along
subtype: instrumentalist__musician__player someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)
subtype: accompanist__accompanyist a person who provides musical accompaniment (usually on a piano)
subtype: bandsman a player in a band (especially a military band)
subtype: bassoonist a musician who plays the bassoon
subtype: bell_ringer__bellringer someone who plays musical handbells
subtype: carillonneur a musician who plays a carillon
subtype: cellist some who plays a violoncello
instance: Pablo_Casals__Casals
subtype: clarinetist__clarinettist a musician who plays the clarinet
instance: Benjamin_David_Goodman__Goodman__goodman__Benny_Goodman__the_King_of_Swing
subtype: flutist__flute_player__fluteplayer someone who plays the flute
subtype: guitarist__guitar_player a musician who plays the guitar
instance: James_Marshall_Hendrix__Hendrix__Jimi_Hendrix Riley_B_King__King__B._B._King Andres_Segovia__Segovia__segovia
subtype: harpist__harper someone who plays the harp
subtype: harpsichordist someone who plays the harpsichord
instance: Wanda_Landowska__Landowska
subtype: jazz_musician__jazzman a musician who plays or composes jazz music
subtype: syncopator a musician who plays syncopated jazz music (usually in a dance band); "they called themselves the Dixie Syncopators"
instance: Louis_Armstrong__Armstrong__Satchmo Miles_Dewey_Davis_Jr.__Davis__Miles_Davis Edward_Kennedy_Ellington__Ellington__Duke_Ellington Lionel_Hampton__Hampton__hampton Woodrow_Charles_Herman__Herman__Woody_Herman Thelonious_Sphere_Monk__Monk__Thelonious_Monk Ferdinand_Joseph_La_Menthe_Morton__Morton__Jelly_Roll_Morton King_Oliver__Oliver__Joseph_Oliveer Arthur_Tatum__Tatum__Art_Tatum Thomas_Wright_Waller__Waller__Fats_Waller
subtype: koto_player a (Japanese) musician who plays the koto
subtype: lutist__lutanist__lutenist a musician who plays the lute
subtype: oboist a musician who plays the oboe
subtype: organist a person who plays an organ
instance: Johann_Sebastian_Bach__Bach Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer
subtype: percussionist a musician who plays percussion instruments
subtype: drummer someone who plays a drum
subtype: tympanist__timpanist a person who plays the kettledrums
instance: Ringo_Starr__Starr__Richard_Starkey
subtype: xylophonist someone who plays a xylophone
subtype: pianist__piano_player__pianoplayer a person who plays the piano
instance: Frederic_Francois_Chopin__Chopin Karl_Czerny__Czerny Dame_Myra_Hess__Hess Vladimir_Horowitz__Horowitz Jerry_Lee_Lewis__Lewis Franz_Liszt__Liszt Ignace_Jan_Paderewski__Paderewski Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninoff__Sergei_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninov__Sergei_Rachmaninov__Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninov Anton_Grigorevich_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Anton_Gregor_Rubinstein Arthur_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Artur_Rubinstein Artur_Schnabel__Schnabel Rudolf_Serkin__Serkin
subtype: piper__bagpiper someone who plays the bagpipe
subtype: pipe_major the chief piper in a band of bagpipes
subtype: recorder_player someone who plays the recorder
subtype: rhythm_and_blues_musician a performer (and sometimes composer) of rhythm and blues music
instance: Antoine_Domino__Domino__Fats_Domino
subtype: rock_'n'_roll_musician__rocker a performer (or composer) of rock music
subtype: rock_star a famous singer of rock music
instance: Charles_Edward_Berry__Berry__Chuck_Berry William_John_Clifton_Haley_Jr.__Haley__Bill_Haley George_Harrison__Harrison Buddy_Holly__Holly__Charles_Hardin_Holley Michael_Philip_Jagger__Jagger__Mick_Jagger John_Lennon__Lennon Jerry_Lee_Lewis__Lewis Sir_James_Paul_McCartney__McCartney__Paul_McCartney James_Douglas_Morrison__Morrison__Jim_Morrison Elvis_Aron_Presley__Presley__Elvis_Presley Ringo_Starr__Starr__Richard_Starkey
subtype: saxophonist a musician who plays the saxophone
instance: Coleman_Hawkins__colemanhawkin__Hawkins Charles_Christopher_Parker__Parker__Charlie_Parker__Yardbird_Parker__Bird_Parker Lester_Willis_Young__Young__Pres_Young
subtype: singer__vocalist__vocalizer__vocaliser a person who sings
subtype: alto.singer a singer whose voice lies in the alto clef
subtype: countertenor a male singer with a voice above that of a tenor
subtype: baritone__barytone a male singer
subtype: basso__bass an adult male singer with the lowest voice
subtype: canary (informal) a female singer
subtype: caroler__caroller a singer of carols
subtype: castrato a male singer who was castrated before puberty and retains a soprano or alto voice
subtype: chorister a singer in a choir
subtype: choirboy a boy who sings in a choir
subtype: contralto a woman singer having a contralto voice
instance: Marian_Anderson__Anderson Ernestine_Schumann-Heink__Schumann-Heink
subtype: crooner__balladeer a singer of popular ballads
instance: Harry_Lillis_Crosby__Crosby__Bing_Crosby Francis_Albert_Sinatra__Sinatra__Frank_Sinatra
subtype: folk_singer__jongleur__minstrel__poet-singer__troubadour a singer of folk songs
instance: Woodrow_Wilson_Guthrie__Guthrie__Woody_Guthrie Peter_Seeger__Seeger__Pete_Seeger
subtype: hummer a singer who produces a tune without opening the lips or forming words
subtype: lieder_singer a singer of lieder
subtype: madrigalist a singer of madrigals
subtype: opera_star__operastar__operatic_star singer of lead role in an opera
subtype: diva__prima_donna a distinguished female operatic singer; a female operatic star
subtype: rock_star a famous singer of rock music
subtype: songster a person who sings
subtype: songstress a woman songster (especially of popular songs)
subtype: soprano a female singer
subtype: coloratura_soprano__coloratura a lyric soprano who specializes in coloratura vocal music
instance: Maria_Meneghini_Callas__Callas__Maria_Callas Dame_Nellie_Melba__Melba__Helen_Porter_Mitchell
subtype: mezzo__mezzo-soprano a soprano with a voice between soprano and contralto
instance: Eileen_Farrell__Farrell Jenny_Lind__Lind__Swedish_Nightingale Marta_Brigit_Nilsson__Nilsson__Brigit_Nilsson Jessye_Norman__Norman Mary_Leontyne_Price__Price__Leontyne_Price Beverly_Sills__Sills Dame_Joan_Sutherland__Sutherland__Joan_Sutherland Renata_Tebaldi__Tebaldi Dame_Kiri_Janette_Te_Kanawa__Te_Kanawa__Dame_Kiri_Te_Kanawa Helen_Traubel__Traubel
subtype: tenor an adult male with a tenor voice
instance: Enrico_Caruso__Caruso Placido_Domingo__Domingo__domingo John_McCormick__McCormick Lauritz_Lebrecht_Hommel_Melchior__Melchior__Lauritz_Melchior Luciano_Pavarotti__Pavarotti
subtype: thrush.singer (informal) a woman who sings popular songs
subtype: torch_singer__torchsinger a singer (usually a woman) who specializes in singing torch songs
subtype: voice.singer (metonymy) a singer; "he wanted to hear trained voices sing it"
subtype: yodeller a singer who changes register rapidly (popular is Swiss folk songs)
instance: Pearl_Mae_Bailey__Bailey__Pearl_Bailey Maurice_Chevalier__Chevalier Marlene_Dietrich__Dietrich__Maria_Magdalene_von_Losch Bob_Dylan__Dylan Ella_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald Judy_Garland__Garland Julio_Iglesias__Iglesias Mahalia_Jackson__Jackson Michael_Joe_Jackson__Jackson__Michael_Jackson Al_Jolson__Jolson__Asa_Yoelson Janis_Joplin__Joplin Riley_B_King__King__B._B._King Sir_Harry_MacLennan_Lauder__Lauder__Harry_Lauder Madonna_Louise_Ciccone__Madonna Robert_Nesta_Marley__Marley__Bob_Marley Dean_Martin__Dino_Paul_Crocetti__Martin Ethel_Merman__Merman Roy_Orbison__Orbison Edith_Piaf__Piaf__Edith_Giovanna_Gassion__Little_Sparrow Paul_Bustill_Robeson__Robeson__robeson__paulrobeson Paul_Simon__Simon Bessie_Smith__Smith Kathryn_Elizabeth_Smith__Smith__Kate_Smith Barbra_Joan_Streisand__Streisand__Barbra_Streisand Sarah_Vaughan__Vaughan Ethel_Waters__Waters Tammy_Wynette__Wynette__Tammy_Wynetter_Pugh
subtype: sitar_player__sitarplayer a musician who plays the sitar
instance: Ravi_Shankar__Shankar
subtype: soloist a musician who performs a solo
subtype: recitalist a musician who gives recitals
subtype: trombonist__trombone_player a musician who plays the trombone
subtype: cornetist__trumpeter a musician who plays the trumpet or cornet
subtype: bugler someone who plays a bugle
instance: Louis_Armstrong__Armstrong__Satchmo John_Birks_Gillespie__Gillespie__Dizzy_Gillespie
subtype: violinist__fiddler a musician who plays the violin
instance: Georges_Enesco__Enesco__George_Enescu Stephane_Grappelli__Grappelli Fritz_Kreisler__Kreisler Sir_Yehudi_Menuhin__Menuhin__Yehudi_Menuhin Niccolo_Paganini__Paganini Isaac_Stern__Stern Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi__Vivaldi__Antonio_Vivaldi Efrem_Zimbalist__Zimbalist Pinchas_Zukerman__Zukerman
subtype: puppeteer one who operates puppets or marionettes
instance: Jim_Henson__Henson
subtype: Savoyard.performer__savoyard a person who performs in the operettas of Gilbert and Sullivan
subtype: snake_charmer a performer who uses movements and music to control snakes
subtype: straight_man a performer who acts as stooge to a comedian
subtype: stripper__striptease_artist__striptease__stripteaser__exotic_dancer__ecdysiast__peeler a performer who provides erotic entertainment by undressing to music
instance: Gypsy_Rose_Lee__Lee__Rose_Louise_Hovick
subtype: vaudevillian a performer who works in vaudeville
instance: George_Burns__Burns__Nathan_Birnbaum Sophie_Tucker__Tucker
subtype: ventriloquist a performer who projects the voice into a wooden dummy
subtype: pleaser a pleasing entertainer; "he is quite the crowd pleaser"
subtype: expert a person with special knowledge or ability who performs skillfully
subtype: adept__ace__maven__virtuoso__genius__hotshot__star__whiz__whizz__wizard__wiz someone who is dazzlingly skilled in any field
subtype: track_star__trackstar a star runner
subtype: agronomist an expert in soil management and field-crop production
subtype: all-rounder__allrounder__all_arounder__allarounder a versatile person who is expert at many things; "she's the best all-rounder they've seen in years"
subtype: analyst someone who is skilled at analyzing data
subtype: intelligence_analyst a government analyst of information about an enemy or potential enemy
subtype: assayer an analyst who assays (performs chemical tests on) metals
subtype: systems_analyst__systemsanalyst a person skilled at systems analysis
subtype: analyst.expert an expert who studies financial data (on credit or securities or sales or financial patterns etc.) and recommends appropriate business actions
subtype: credit_analyst an analyst who studies the financial statements and financial history of applicants for credit in order to evaluate their creditworthiness
subtype: financial_analyst__financialanalyst__securities_analyst an analyst who studies the financial performance of corporations
subtype: industry_analyst an analyst of conditions affecting a particular industry
subtype: oil-industry_analyst an analyst of the oil industry
subtype: market_analyst an analyst of conditions affecting a market (especially the stock market)
subtype: anatomist an expert in anatomy
subtype: comparative_anatomist__comparativeanatomist anatomist who compares the anatomy of different animals
instance: Sir_Richard_Owen__Owen
subtype: histologist anatomist who specializes in the microscopic study of animal tissues
instance: Camillo_Golgi__Golgi Marcello_Malpighi__Malpighi Santiago_Ramon_y_Cajal__Ramon_y_Cajal Theodor_Schwann__Schwann
instance: Bartolommeo_Eustachio__Eustachio Herbert_McLean_Evans__Evans Galen Georg_Meissner__Meissner Johannes_Peter_Muller__Muller Andreas_Vesalius__Vesalius Kaspar_Friedrich_Wolff__Wolff
subtype: antiquary__antiquarian an expert or collector of antiquities
subtype: arbiter__supreme_authority__supremeauthority someone with the power to settle matters at will; "she was the final arbiter on all matters of fashion"
subtype: archer__bowman a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow
subtype: longbowman a medieval English archer who used a longbow
instance: William_Tell__Tell
subtype: authority.expert an expert whose views are taken as definitive; "he is an authority on corporate law"
subtype: adviser__advisor__consultant an expert who gives advice
subtype: amicus_curiae__friend_of_the_court an adviser to the court on some matter of law who is not a party to the case; usually someone who wants to influence the outcome of a lawsuit involving matters of wide public interest
subtype: backroom_boy__brain_truster__braintruster an expert adviser involved in making important decisions but usually lacking official status
subtype: beauty_consultant someone who gives you advice about your personal appearance
subtype: counselor__counsellor some who gives advice about problems
subtype: Dutch_uncle a counselor who admonishes frankly and sternly
instance: Nestor
subtype: county_agent__agricultural_agent__extension_agent__extensionagent an advisor employed by the government to assist people in rural areas with methods of farming and home economics
subtype: fashion_consultant__fashionconsultant__fashionmonger someone who advises you about fashionable clothing
subtype: investment_adviser__investment_advisor someone who advises others how to invest their money
subtype: management_consultant adviser to business about efficient management practices
subtype: media_consultant__mediaconsultant__medai_guru__medaiguru someone who advises about the use of communication media
subtype: security_consultant an adviser about alarm systems to prevent burglaries
subtype: tipster__tout one who sells advice about gambling or speculation (especially at the racetrack)
subtype: Church_Father__Father an early writer accepted as an authority on the teachings and practices of the Christian church
subtype: connoisseur__cognoscenti an expert able to appreciate a field; especially in the fine arts
subtype: esthete__aesthete one who professes great sensitivity to the beauty of art and nature
subtype: oenophile__oenophilist__wine_lover a connoisseur of fine wines; a grape nut
subtype: evaluator__judge an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality
subtype: valuator__appraiser one who estimates officially the worth or value or quality of things
subtype: valuer (Brit) someone who assesses the monetary worth of possessions
subtype: critic.evaluator anyone who expresses a reasoned judgment of something
subtype: appraiser__authenticator one who determines authenticity (as of works of art) or who guarantees validity
subtype: drama_critic__dramacritic__theater_critic__theatercritic a critic of theatrical performances
instance: Alexander_Woollcott__Woollcott
subtype: grader a judge who assigns grades to something
subtype: wool_sorter__wool_stapler a person who sorts wool into different grades
subtype: music_critic__musiccritic a critic of musical performances
instance: Joseph_Deems_Taylor__Taylor__Deems_Taylor
subtype: panelist__panellist a member of a panel
subtype: juror__juryman__jurywoman someone who serves (or waits to be called to serve) on a jury
subtype: foreperson the presiding member of the jury and the one who speaks on their behalf
subtype: foreman a man who is foreperson of a jury
subtype: forelady__forewoman a woman who is foreperson of a jury
subtype: petit_juror__petitjuror__petty_juror__pettyjuror a member of a petit jury
subtype: reviewer__referee__reader someone who reads manuscripts and judges their suitability for publication
subtype: scanner.reviewer someone who scans verse to determine the number and prosodic value of the syllables
subtype: taster__tastetester__sampler someone who samples food or drink for its quality
subtype: wine_taster a taster who evaluates the quality of wines
subtype: liturgist an authority on liturgies
subtype: master.authority__professional an authority qualified to teach apprentices
subtype: past_master.master__pastmaster someone who was formerly a master
subtype: black_belt.expert__blackbelt a person who attained the rank of expert in the martial arts (judo or karate)
subtype: calculator__reckoner__figurer__computer an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)
subtype: number_cruncher.calculator__numbercruncher someone able to perform complex and lengthy calculations
subtype: statistician__actuary someone versed in the collection and interpretation of numerical data (especially someone who uses statistics to calculate insurance premiums)
subtype: surveyor.statistician someone who conducts a statistical survey
subtype: computer_expert__computer_guru an authority on computers and computing
subtype: UNIX_guru an expert on the UNIX operating system
subtype: cosmetologist an expert in the use of cosmetics
subtype: efficiency_expert__efficiency_engineer an expert in increasing the efficient use of machines and personnel
subtype: genealogist an expert in genealogy
subtype: geographer an expert on geography
subtype: cartographer__map_maker__mapmaker a person who makes maps
instance: Sebastian_Cabot__Cabot
instance: Gerardus_Mercator__Mercator__Gerhard_Kremer
subtype: horticulturist an expert in the science of cultivating plants (fruit or flowers or vegetables or ornamental plants)
subtype: nurseryman__gardener someone who takes care of a garden
subtype: transplanter a gardener who moves plants to new locations
instance: Luther_Burbank__Burbank
subtype: investigator someone who investigates
subtype: claims_adjuster__adjuster__adjustor__claims_adjustor__claim_agent__claimagent one who investigates insurance claims or claims for damages and recommends an effective settlement
subtype: coroner__medical_examiner__medicalexaminer a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes
subtype: detective an investigator engaged or employed in obtaining information not easily available to the public
subtype: private_detective__privatedetective__PI__private_eye__privateeye__private_investigator__privateinvestigator__operative__shamus__sherlock someone who can be employed as a detective to collect information
subtype: hotel_detective__hoteldetective__house_detective__housedetective__house_dick__housedick a private detective employed by a hotel or retail store
subtype: inquiry_agent__inquiryagent (British) a private detective
subtype: store_detective__storedetective a private detective employed by a merchant to stop pilferage
subtype: sleuth__sleuthhound a detective who follows a trail
subtype: examiner__inspector an investigator who observes carefully; "the examiner searched for clues"
subtype: bank_examiner an official appointed to audit the accounts of banks in a given jurisdiction
subtype: checker one who checks the correctness of something
subtype: scrutinizer__scrutiniser a careful examiner; someone who inspects with great care
subtype: scrutineer (British) someone who examines votes at an election
subtype: ombudsman a government appointee who investigates complaints by private persons against the government
instance: Samuel_Wiesenthal__Wiesenthal
subtype: jurist__legal_expert__legalexpert a legal scholar versed in civil law or the law of nations
subtype: Mufti a jurist who interprets Muslim law
instance: Jeremy_Bentham__Bentham Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.__Holmes Charles_Evans_Hughes__Hughes John_Jay__Jay John_Marshall__Marshall William_Hubbs_Rehnquist__Rehnquist__William_Rehnquist Harlan_Fiske_Stone__Stone Frederick_Moore_Vinson__Vinson Earl_Warren__Warren
subtype: lapidary__lapidarist an expert on precious stones and the art of cutting and engraving them
subtype: logician__logistician a person skilled at symbolic logic
subtype: dialectician a logician skilled in dialectic
subtype: syllogist__syllogizer__syllogiser logician skilled in syllogistic reasoning
instance: William_Stanley_Jevons__Jevons Charles_Franklin_Peirce__Peirce__Charles_Peirce Willard_Van_Orman_Quine__Quine Bertrand_Arthur_William_Russell__Russell__russell__Bertrand_Russell__Earl_Russell John_Venn__Venn
subtype: mnemonist an expert in the use of mnemonics; someone able to perform unusual feats of memory
subtype: mythologist an expert on mythology
instance: Joseph_Campbell__Campbell
subtype: observer__commentator an expert who observes and comments on something
subtype: annotator a commentator who writes notes to a text
subtype: out-and-outer__outandouter (slang) someone who is excellent at something
subtype: parliamentarian an expert in parliamentary rules and procedures
instance: Henry_Martin_Robert__Robert
subtype: past_master someone who has long and thorough experience in a given activity
subtype: prosthetist an expert in prosthetics
subtype: scout__pathfinder__guide someone who can find paths through unexplored territory
subtype: hunting_guide__huntingguide guide to people hunting in unfamiliar territory
subtype: shark.expert a person who is unusually skilled in certain ways; "a card shark"
subtype: shot.expert__shooter a person who shoots (as regards their ability); "he is a crack shot"; "a poor shooter"
subtype: marksman__sharpshooter__crack_shot__crackshot someone skilled in shooting
subtype: franc-tireur__franctireur a sharpshooter (in the French army)
subtype: rifleman someone skilled in the use of a rifle
subtype: sniper a marksman who shoots at people from a concealed place
subtype: gunman__gun a person who shoots a gun (as regards their ability)
subtype: trapshooter a person who engages in shooting at clay pigeons that are hurled into the air by a trap
subtype: specialist__specializer an expert who is devoted to one occupation or branch of learning
subtype: enologist__oenologist__fermentologist a specialist in wine making
subtype: attache a specialist assigned to the staff of a diplomatic mission
subtype: cultural_attache an attache who is a specialist in cultural matters
subtype: military_attache an attache who is a specialist in military matters
subtype: canonist a specialist in canon law
subtype: criminologist a specialist in criminology
instance: Alphonse_Bertillon__Bertillon
subtype: dietician__dietitian__nutritionist a specialist in the study of nutrition
subtype: educationist__educationalist a specialist in the theory of education
subtype: fingerprint_expert__fingerprintexpert__fingerprint_specialist__fingerprintspecialist__fingerprint_man__fingerprintman a specialist in identifying fingerprints
subtype: graphologist__handwriting_expert__handwritingexpert a specialist in inferring character from handwriting
subtype: interior_designer__designer__interior_decorator__house_decorator__housedecorator__room_decorator__decorator a person who specializes in designing architectural interiors and their furnishings
instance: Charles_Eames__Eames
subtype: meteorologist a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions
subtype: weatherman__weather_forecaster__weatherforecaster predicts the weather
subtype: optometrist__oculist a person skilled in testing for defects of vision in order to prescribe corrective glasses
subtype: orientalist a specialist in oriental subjects
subtype: tree_surgeon__arborist a specialist in treating damaged trees
subtype: talent a person who possesses unusual innate ability in some field or activity
subtype: technician.expert someone known for high skill in some intellectual or artistic technique
subtype: therapist__healer a person skilled in a particular type of therapy
subtype: naprapath a therapist who practices naprapathy
subtype: alleviator a therapist who makes suffering more endurable
subtype: chiropractor a therapist who practices chiropractic
subtype: electrotherapist someone who specializes in the treatment of disease by electricity
subtype: herbalist__herbdoctor a therapist who heals by the use of herbs
subtype: naturopath a therapist who practices naturopathy
subtype: osteopath__osteopathist a therapist who manipulates the skeleton and muscles
subtype: physical_therapist__physiotherapist therapist who treats injury or dysfunction with exercises and other physical treatments of the disorder
subtype: massager someone who rubs or kneads parts of the body to stimulate circulation and promote relaxation
subtype: masseur a male massager
subtype: masseuse a female massager
subtype: psychotherapist__clinical_psychologist a therapist who deals with mental and emotional disorders
subtype: speech_therapist a therapist who treats speech defects and disorders
subtype: old-timer__oldtimer__veteran__old_hand__oldhand__warhorse__old_stager__oldstager__stager an experienced person; someone who has given long service
subtype: face.person (synecdoche) a part of a person that is used to refer to a person; "he looked out at a roomful of faces"; "when he returned to work he met many new faces"
subtype: good_person a person who is good to other people
subtype: benefactor__helper a person who helps people or institutions
subtype: benefactress a woman benefactor
subtype: bondsman__bondswoman someone who signs a bond as surety for someone else
subtype: donor.benefactor__giver__presenter person who makes a gift of property
subtype: abnegator one who gives up or relinquishes or renounces something
subtype: almsgiver a person who gives alms
subtype: Indian_giver one who ask you to return the present he has given you
subtype: philanthropist__altruist someone who makes charitable donations intended to increase human well-being
instance: Andrew_Carnegie__Carnegie Peter_Cooper__Cooper Ezra_Cornell__Cornell Solomon_Guggenheim__Guggenheim John_Harvard__Harvard Milton_Snavely_Hershey__Hershey Hopkins__Johns_Hopkins Andrew_William_Mellon__Mellon__Andrew_Mellon__Andrew_W._Mellon Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel__Nobel__Alfred_Nobel First_Viscount_Nuffield__Nuffield__William_Richard_Morris John_Davison_Rockefeller__Rockefeller__John_D._Rockefeller Cornelius_Vanderbilt__Vanderbilt__Commodore_VAnderbilt Elihu_Yale__Yale
subtype: subscriber__contributor someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money
subtype: subsidizer__subsidiser someone who assists or supports by giving a subsidy
subtype: tipper a person who leaves a tip; "a generous tipper"
subtype: donor (medicine) someone who gives blood or tissue or an organ to be used in another person (the host)
subtype: blood_donor someone who gives blood to be used for transfusions
subtype: universal_donor a person whose type O Rh-negative blood may be safely transfused into persons with other blood types
subtype: organ_donor__organdonor someone from whom an organ is taken for transplantation
subtype: good_Samaritan__Samaritan a person who voluntarily offers help or sympathy in times of trouble
subtype: humanitarian__do-gooder__improver someone devoted to the promotion of human welfare and to social reforms
subtype: liberator someone who releases people from captivity or bondage
subtype: emancipator__manumitter someone who frees others from bondage; "Lincoln is known as the Great Emancipator"
subtype: obliger__accommodator someone who performs a service or does a favor
subtype: offerer__offeror someone who presents something to another for acceptance or rejection
subtype: patron__sponsor__supporter someone who supports or champions something
subtype: backer__angel invests in a theatrical production
subtype: godfather someone having a relation analogous to that of a male sponsor to his godchild
subtype: godparent a person who sponsors someone (the godchild) at baptism
subtype: godfather.godparent any man who serves as a sponsor for a child at baptism
subtype: godmother any woman who serves as a sponsor for a child at baptism
subtype: guarantor__surety__warrantor__warranter one who provides a warrant or guarantee to another
subtype: patroness__patrones a woman who is a patron
subtype: provider someone who provides the means for subsistence
subtype: savior__saviour__rescuer__deliverer a person who rescues you from harm or danger
subtype: messiah__christ any expected deliverer
subtype: sparer someone who refrains from injuring or destroying
subtype: uncle.benefactor a source of help and advice and encouragement; "he played uncle to lonely students"
subtype: brick.good_person a good fellow; helpful and trustworthy
subtype: giver someone who devotes themselves completely; "there are no greater givers than those who give themselves"
subtype: plaster_saint__plastersaint a person (considered to be) without human failings; "he's no plaster saint"
subtype: holy_man__saint__holy_person__angel person of exceptional holiness
subtype: Buddha one who has achieved a state of perfect enlightenment
subtype: fakir__fakeer__faqir__faquir a Muslim or Hindu mendicant monk who is regarded as a holy man
subtype: dervish an ascetic Muslim monk; a member of an order noted for devotional exercises involving bodily movements
subtype: whirling_dervish__whirler a dervish whose actions include ecstatic dancing and whirling
subtype: square_shooter__straight_shooter__straight_arrow a frank and honest person
subtype: sweetheart any well-liked individual; "he's a sweetheart"
subtype: individualist a person who pursues independent thought or action
subtype: dropout.individualist someone who withdraws from a social group or environment
subtype: loner__lone_wolf__lone_hand a person who avoids the company or assistance of others
subtype: hermit__recluse__solitudinarian__troglodyte one who lives in solitude
instance: John_the_Baptist
subtype: mugwump__independent a neutral or uncommitted person (especially in politics)
subtype: night_owl__nightowl__nighthawk__nightbird a person who likes to be active late at night
subtype: nudist__naturist a person who practices nudity for reasons of health or religion
subtype: withdrawer.individualist an individualist who withdraws from social interaction
subtype: inhabitant__dweller__denizen a person who inhabits a particular place
subtype: Australian__Aussie a native or inhabitant of Australia
subtype: Australian_Aborigine__Aborigine__Abo__Aboriginal__native_Australian a dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived
subtype: Australian_researcher
instance: nataliya@dstc.edu.au p.eklund@gu.edu.au peter.deer@dsto.defence.gov.au r.cole@gu.edu.au t.tilley@gu.edu.au daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au
subtype: Austronesian a native or inhabitant of Austronesia
subtype: Nauruan a native or inhabitant of Nauru
subtype: Polynesian a native or inhabitant of Polynesia
subtype: Fijian.Polynesian__fijian a native or inhabitant of Fiji
subtype: Samoan a native or inhabitant of the Samoan Islands
subtype: Tahitian.Polynesian__tahitian a native or inhabitant of Tahiti
subtype: Tongan a native or inhabitant of Tonga
subtype: New_Zealander a native or inhabitant of New Zealand
subtype: American a native or inhabitant of the United States
subtype: African-American__Afro-American an American whose ancestors were born in Africa
subtype: Creole a person descended from French ancestors in southern United States especially Louisiana
subtype: Anglo-American an American who was born in England or whose ancestors were English
subtype: Alabaman__Alabamian a resident of Alabama
subtype: Alaskan a resident of Alaska
subtype: Arizonan__Arizonian a resident of Arizona
subtype: Arkansan__Arkansawyer a resident of Arkansas
subtype: Bay_Stater a resident of Massachusetts
subtype: Californian a resident of California
subtype: Carolinian a resident of the Carolinas
subtype: Coloradan a resident of Colorado
subtype: Connecticuter a resident of Connecticut
subtype: Delawarean__Delawarian a resident of Delaware
subtype: Floridian a resident of Florida
subtype: Franco-American an American who was born in France or whose ancestors were French
subtype: German_American an American who was born in Germany or whose ancestors were German
subtype: Georgian a resident of the American state of Georgia
subtype: Hawaiian.American__hawaiian a resident of Hawaii
subtype: Idahoan a resident of Idaho
subtype: Illinoisan a resident of Illinois
subtype: Indianan__Hoosier a resident of Indiana
subtype: Iowan a resident of Iowa
subtype: Kansan a resident of Kansas
subtype: Kentuckian a resident of Kentucky
subtype: Louisianan__Louisianian a resident of Louisiana
subtype: Mainer__Down_Easter a resident of Maine
subtype: Michigander__Wolverine a resident of Michigan
subtype: Minnesotan a resident of Minnesota
subtype: Mississippian a resident of Mississippi
subtype: Missourian a resident of Missouri
subtype: Montanan a resident of Montana
subtype: Nebraskan__Cornhusker a resident of Nebraska
subtype: Nevadan a resident of Nevada
subtype: New_Hampshirite a resident of New Hampshire
subtype: New_Yorker a resident of New York
subtype: East-sider a resident of the east side of Manhattan in New York City
subtype: West-sider a resident of the west side of Manhattan in New York City
subtype: North_Carolinian a resident of North Carolina
subtype: North_Dakotan a resident of North Dakota
subtype: Ohioan__Buckeye a resident of Ohio
subtype: Oregonian a resident of Oregon
subtype: Pennsylvanian a resident of Pennsylvania
subtype: Rhode_Islander a resident of Rhode Island
subtype: South_Carolinian a resident of South Carolina
subtype: South_Dakotan a resident of South Dakota
subtype: Tennessean a resident of Tennessee
subtype: Texan a resident of Texas
subtype: Utahan a resident of Utah
subtype: Vermonter a resident of Vermont
subtype: Virginian a resident of Virginia
subtype: Washingtonian a resident of the state of Washington
subtype: Washingtonian.American__washingtonian a resident of the city of Washington
subtype: West_Virginian a resident of West Virginia
subtype: Wisconsinite a resident of Wisconsin
subtype: Wyomingite a resident of Wyoming
subtype: Puerto_Rican a resident of Puerto Rico
subtype: Yankee-Doodle__Yankee__Yank an American
subtype: New_Englander__Yankee__Yank an American who lives in New England
subtype: Yankee__Yank__Northerner an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)
subtype: Federal_soldier__Federal__Union_soldier a member of the Union Army during the American Civil War
subtype: Southerner an American who lives in the South
subtype: Confederate a supporter of the Confederate States of America
subtype: Confederate_soldier a soldier in the Army of the Confederacy during the American Civil War
subtype: bushwhacker a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil War
subtype: Rebel__Reb__Johnny_Reb__Johnny__grayback (informal) `johnny' was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; `grayback' derived from their gray Confederate uniforms
subtype: Spanish_American__Hispanic_American__Hispanic__Latino an American whose first language was Spanish
subtype: Tory an American who favored the British side during the American Revolution
subtype: Alsatian a native or inhabitant of Alsace
subtype: borderer an inhabitant of a border area (especially the border between Scotland and England)
subtype: cottager__cottage_dweller someone who lives in a cottage
subtype: easterner an inhabitant of an eastern area; especially of the U.S.
subtype: islander__island-dweller an inhabitant of an island
subtype: landlubber__landsman__landman a person who lives and works on land
subtype: liver.inhabitant someone who lives in a place; "a liver in cities"
subtype: Northerner an inhabitant of the North
subtype: Occidental a native inhabitant of the Occident
subtype: Philistine a non-Semitic inhabitant of ancient Philistia
subtype: plainsman an inhabitant of a plains region (especially the Great Plains of North America)
subtype: resident__occupant__occupier someone who lives at a particular place for a prolonged period or who was born there
subtype: Latin_American__Spanish_American a resident of Latin America
subtype: spic__spik__spick ethnic slur; offensive terms for persons of Latin American descent
subtype: criollo.Latin_American a Spanish American of pure European stock (usually Spanish); "Mexico is a country of mestizos, criollos, and indigenes"
subtype: coaster.resident a resident of a coastal area
subtype: colonial a resident of a colony
subtype: dalesman a person who lives in the dales of Northern England
subtype: Galilean__Galilaean a resident of Galilee (an epithet of Jesus Christ)
subtype: inmate one of several resident of a dwelling (especially someone confined to a prison or hospital)
subtype: metropolitan a person who lives in a metropolis
subtype: outlier.resident a person who lives away from his place of work
subtype: owner-occupier__owneroccupier a occupant who owns the home that he/she lives in
subtype: sojourner a temporary resident
subtype: stater a resident of a particular state or group of states; "Keystone stater"; "farm staters"
subtype: suburbanite a resident of a suburb
subtype: tenant.resident any occupant who dwells in a place
subtype: towner__townsman a resident of a town or city
subtype: townee (Brit; informal) townsman unacquainted with country life especially a slick and flashy male city dweller
subtype: townie__towny resident of a college town not affiliated with the college
subtype: tellurian__earthling__earthman an inhabitant of the earth
subtype: Trinidadian inhabitant or native of Trinidad
subtype: villager one who has lived in a village most of their life
subtype: westerner an inhabitant of a western area; especially of the U.S.
subtype: native__indigen__indigene a person who was born in a particular place; an indigenous person
subtype: Levantine (formerly) a native or inhabitant of the Levant
subtype: Mauritian a native or inhabitant of Mauritius
subtype: Filipino a native or inhabitant of the Philippines
subtype: Tagalog.Filipino__tagalog a member of a people native to the Philippines chiefly inhabiting central Luzon around and including Manila
subtype: Visayan__Bisayan a member of the most numerous indigenous people of the Philippines
subtype: Cebuan inhabitant of the island of Cebu; a member of the Visayan people of the Philippines
subtype: Russian a native or inhabitant of Russia
subtype: Tatar.Russian__tatar a member of the Turkic-speaking people living from the Volga to the Ural Mountains (the name has been attributed to many other groups)
subtype: Votyak__Udmurt a member of the Finno-Ugric-speaking people living in eastern European Russia
subtype: Komi a member of a Finnish people living in the northwestern Urals in Russia
subtype: Cheremiss__Cheremis__Mari a member of a rural Finnish people living in eastern Russia
subtype: Inger__Ingrian__Ingerman a member of western Finnish people formerly living in the Baltic province where Saint Petersburg was built
subtype: Carelian__Karelian a member of the Finnish people living in Karelia in northwestern European Russia
subtype: Ostyak__Khanty a member of the nomadic Ugrian people living in northwestern Siberia (east of the Ural mountains)
subtype: Mordvin__Mordva__Mordvinian a member of the agricultural people living in the central Volga provinces of European Russia
subtype: Nganasan.Russian__nganasan a member of the Samoyedic people living on the Taimyr peninsula in Siberia
subtype: Ostyak-Samoyed__Selkup one of the people of mixed Ostyak and Samoyed origin in Siberia
subtype: Samoyed a Samoyedic-speaking person in northwestern Siberia
subtype: Vepse__Veps__Vepsian a member of a Finnish people of Russia
subtype: Vogul__Mansi a member of a nomadic people of the northern Ural mountains
subtype: Yeniseian a member of one of the groups living in the Yenisei river valley in western Siberia
subtype: Great_Russian a member of the chief East Slavonic people of Soviet Russia
subtype: Muscovite a resident of Moscow
subtype: Georgian.Russian__georgian a native or inhabitant of Asian Georgia
subtype: Siberian a native or inhabitant of Siberia
subtype: Seychellois a native or inhabitant of Seychelles
subtype: American.native__american a native or inhabitant of America
subtype: Creole.American__creole a person of European descent born in the West Indies or Spanish America
subtype: North_American a native or inhabitant of North America
subtype: Bermudan__Bermudian a native or inhabitant of Bermuda
subtype: Canadian a native or inhabitant of Canada
subtype: French_Canadian a Canadian descended from early French settlers and whose native language is French
subtype: Acadian an early French settler in the Maritimes
subtype: Cajun a Louisianian descended from Acadian immigrants from Nova Scotia (`Cajun' comes from `Acadian')
subtype: Canuck US slang for Canadians in general and French Canadians in particular
subtype: Central_American a native or inhabitant of Central America
subtype: Costa_Rican a native or inhabitant of Costa Rica
subtype: Guatemalan a native or inhabitant of Guatemala
subtype: Honduran a native or inhabitant of Honduras
subtype: Mexican a native of inhabitant of Mexico
subtype: greaser__wetback__taco ethnic slur; offensive terms for a person of Mexican descent
subtype: Mexican-American__Mexicano a Mexican (or person of Mexican descent) living in the United States
subtype: Nicaraguan a native or inhabitant of Nicaragua
subtype: Panamanian a native or inhabitant of Panama
subtype: South_American a native or inhabitant of South America
subtype: Argentinian a native or inhabitant of Argentina
subtype: Bolivian a native or inhabitant of Bolivia
subtype: Brazilian a native or inhabitant of Brazil
subtype: Carioca a native or inhabitant of Rio de Janeiro
subtype: Chilean a native or inhabitant of Chile
subtype: Colombian a native or inhabitant of Colombia
subtype: Ecuadorian__Ecuadoran a native or inhabitant of Ecuador
subtype: Salvadoran__Salvadorian__Salvadorean a native or inhabitant of El Salvador
subtype: Guyanese a native or inhabitant of Guyana
subtype: Paraguayan a native or inhabitant of Paraguay
subtype: Peruvian a native or inhabitant of Peru
subtype: Uruguayan a native or inhabitant of Uruguay
subtype: Venezuelan a native or inhabitant of Venezuela
subtype: West_Indian a native or inhabitant of the West Indies
subtype: Anguillan a native or inhabitant of the island of Anguilla in the West Indies
subtype: Antiguan a native or inhabitant of Antigua
subtype: Bahamian a native or inhabitant of the Bahamas
subtype: Barbadian a native or inhabitant of Barbados
subtype: Cuban a native or inhabitant of Cuba
subtype: Haitian a native or inhabitant of Haiti
subtype: Jamaican a native or inhabitant of Jamaica
subtype: Montserratian a native or inhabitant of Montserrat
subtype: Grenadian a native or inhabitant of Grenada
subtype: Tobagonian a native or inhabitant of the island of Tobago in the West Indies
subtype: innocent__inexperienced_person__inexperiencedperson a person who lacks knowledge of evil
subtype: intellectual__intellect a person who uses the mind creatively
subtype: juvenile_person__juvenile a youthful person
subtype: lover a person who loves or is loved
subtype: leader a person who rules or guides or inspires others
subtype: money_handler__moneyhandler__money_dealer__moneydealer a person who receives or invests or pays out money
subtype: national__subject a person who owes allegiance to that nation; "a monarch has a duty to his subjects"
subtype: nonreligious_person a person who does not manifest devotion to a deity
subtype: nonworker a person who does nothing
subtype: peer__equal__match__compeer a person who is of equal standing with another in a group
subtype: perceiver__observer__beholder a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses
subtype: precursor__forerunner a person who goes before or announces the coming of another
subtype: primitive_person__primitiveperson__primitive a person who belongs to early stage of civilization
subtype: religionist__religious_person__religiousperson a person who manifests devotion to a deity
subtype: sensualist a person who enjoys sensuality
subtype: traveler__traveller a person who changes location
subtype: unfortunate_person__unfortunateperson__unfortunate a person who suffers misfortune
subtype: unwelcome_person__unwelcomeperson__persona_non_grata a person who for some reason is not wanted or welcome
subtype: unskilled_person__unskilledperson a person who lacks technical training
subtype: worker a person who works at a specific job; "he is a good worker"
subtype: African a native or inhabitant of Africa
subtype: person_of_color__person_of_colour (formal) any non-European non-White person
subtype: White__white_person__whiteperson__Caucasian a member of the Caucasoid race
subtype: Slav any member of the people of Eastern Europe or Russian Asia who speak a Slavonic language
subtype: Gentile a person who is not a member of one's own religion; used in this sense by Mormons and Hindus
subtype: Jew__Hebrew__Israelite a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties
subtype: European a person of European nationality
subtype: abstinent__abstainer__nondrinker a person who refrains from drinking intoxicating beverages
subtype: achiever__winner__success__succes a person with a record of successes; "his son would never be the achiever that his father was"; "only winners need apply"; "if you want to be a success you have to dress like a success"
subtype: acquaintance__friend a person with whom you are acquainted; "I have trouble remembering the names of all my acquaintances"; "we are friends of the family"
subtype: acquirer a person who acquires something (usually permanently)
subtype: actor__doer__worker a person who acts and gets things done; "he's a principal actor in this affair"; "when you want something done get a doer"; "he's a miracle worker"
subtype: adjudicator a person who adjudicates
subtype: admirer a person who admires; someone who esteems or respects or approves
subtype: adversary__antagonist__opponent__opposer someone who offers opposition
subtype: advisee someone who receives advice
subtype: advocator__advocate__proponent__exponent a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
subtype: affiant a person who makes an affidavit
subtype: amateur someone who pursues a study or sport as a pastime
subtype: apprehender a person who seizes or arrests (especially a person who seizes or arrests in the name of justice)
subtype: appreciator a person who is fully aware of something and understand it; "he is not an appreciator of our dilemma"
subtype: arrogator a person who through conceit makes pretentious claims to rights or advantages that he or she is not entitled to or to qualities that he or she does not possess
subtype: authority (usually plural) persons who exercise (administrative) control over others; "the authorities have issued a curfew"
subtype: autodidact a person who is self-taught
subtype: baby_boomer__boomer a member of the baby boom generation in the 1950s; "they expanded the schools for a generation of baby boomers"
subtype: baby_buster__buster a person born in the generation following the baby boom when the birth rate fell dramatically
subtype: baldhead__baldpate__baldy a person whose head is bald
subtype: balker__baulker a person who refuses to comply
subtype: bullfighter someone who fights bulls
subtype: bather a person who takes a bath
subtype: bedfellow a person with whom you share a bed
subtype: best.person the person who is most outstanding or excellent; "he could beat the best of them"
subtype: biter someone who bites
subtype: blond__blonde a person with fair skin and hair
subtype: bodybuilder__musclebuilder someone who does special exercises to develop the musculature
subtype: bomber.person a person who plants bombs
subtype: brunet__brunette a person with dark (brown) hair
subtype: buster a person (or thing) that breaks up or overpowers something; "dam buster"; "sanction buster"; crime buster"
subtype: candidate__prospect someone who is considered for something (for an office or prize or honor etc.)
subtype: case.person a person requiring professional services; "a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor"
subtype: celebrator__celebrant__celebrater a person who is celebrating
subtype: charmer a person who charms others (usually by personal attractiveness)
subtype: child.person__baby an immature childish person; "he remained a child in practical matters as long as he lived"; "stop being a baby!"
subtype: clumsy_person a person with poor motor coordination
subtype: aggregator__collector a person who collects things
subtype: combatant__battler__belligerent__fighter someone who fights (or is fighting)
subtype: complexifier someone makes things complex
subtype: compulsive a person with a compulsive disposition; someone who feels compelled to do certain things
subtype: copycat__imitator__emulator__ape__aper someone who copies the words or behavior of another
subtype: crawler__creeper a person who crawls or creeps along the ground
subtype: wight__creature a human being; `wight' is an archaic term
subtype: social_dancer__dancer a person who participates in a social gathering arranged for dancing (as a ball)
subtype: dead_person__dead_soul__deceased_person__deceased__decedent__departed someone who is no longer alive; "I wonder what the dead person would have done"
subtype: debaser__degrader a person who lowers the quality or character or value (as by adding cheaper metal to coins)
subtype: defecator__voider__shitter a person who defecates
subtype: delayer a person who delays; to put off until later or cause to be late
subtype: deliverer a person who gives up or transfers money or goods
subtype: demander a person who makes demands
subtype: dichromat a person with any of the various forms of dichromacy
subtype: differentiator__discriminator a person who differentiates
subtype: disentangler__unraveler__unraveller a person who removes tangles; someone who takes something out of a tangled state
subtype: dissenter__dissident__protester__objector__contestant a person who dissents from some established policy
subtype: divider a person who separates something into parts or groups
subtype: look-alike__double__image someone who closely resembles a famous person (especially an actor); "he could be Gingrich's double"; "she's the very image of her mother"
subtype: dresser.person a person who dresses in a particular way; "she's an elegant dresser"; "he's a meticulous dresser"
subtype: driveller__dribbler__slobberer__drooler a person who dribbles; "that baby is a dribbler; he needs a bib"
subtype: drug_user__substance_abuser__substanceabuser__user a person who takes drugs
subtype: ectomorph a person with a thin non-muscular body
subtype: effecter__effector one who brings about a result or event; one who accomplishes a purpose
subtype: Elizabethan a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I; "William Shakespeare was an Elizabethan"
subtype: emotional_person__emotionalperson a person subject to strong states of emotion
subtype: endomorph a heavy person with a soft and rounded body
subtype: enjoyer a person who delights in having or using or experiencing something
subtype: explorer__adventurer someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)
subtype: faddist a person who subscribes to a variety of fads
subtype: faller a person who falls; "one of them was safe but they were unable to save the faller"; "a faller among thieves"
subtype: fastener a person who fastens or makes fast; "he found the door fastened and wondered who the fastener was"
subtype: fiduciary a person who holds assets in trust for a beneficiary; "it is illegal for a fiduciary to misappropriate money for personal gain"
subtype: first-rater__firstrater one who is first-rate
subtype: follower an ordinary person who accepts the leadership of another
subtype: free_spirit__free_agent__freewheeler someone acting freely or even irresponsibly
subtype: friend a person you know well and regard with affection and trust; "he was my best friend at the university"
subtype: fugitive__runaway someone who flees from an uncongenial situation; "fugitives from the seatshops"
subtype: gainer a person who gains (gains an advantage or gains profits); "she was clearly the gainer in that exchange"
subtype: weight_gainer__gainer a person who gains weight
subtype: gambler a person who wagers money on the outcome of games or sporting events
subtype: gatherer a person who gathers; "they were a society of hunters and gatherers"
subtype: good_guy any person who is on your side
subtype: bad_guy__badguy any person who is not on your side
subtype: granter a person who grants or gives something
subtype: greeter__saluter__welcomer a person who greets; "the newcomers were met by smiling greeters"
subtype: grinner a person who grins
subtype: groaner a person who groans
subtype: grunter a person who grunts
subtype: guesser a person who guesses
subtype: handicapped_person__handicappedperson a person who has some handicap that interferes with normal functions
subtype: hater a person who hates
subtype: heterosexual_person__heterosexual__straight_person__straight a heterosexual person; someone having a sexual orientation to persons of the opposite sex
subtype: homosexual__homo__gay someone who practices homosexuality; having a sexual attraction to persons of the same sex
subtype: homunculus a tiny fully formed individual that (according to the discredited theory of preformation) is supposed to be present in the sperm cell
subtype: hope.person someone (or something) on which expectations are centered; "he was their best hope for a victory"
subtype: hoper a person who hopes; "only an avid hoper could expect the team to win now"
subtype: huddler a person who crouches; "low huddlers against the wind"
subtype: hugger a person who hugs
subtype: idler__loafer__do-nothing__layabout__bum person who does no work
subtype: immune a person who is immune to a particular infection
subtype: interpreter someone who uses art to represent something; "his paintings reveal a sensitive interpreter of nature"; "she was famous as an interpreter of Shakespearean roles"
subtype: jewel__gem a person who is a brilliant and precious as a piece of jewelry
subtype: slayer__killer someone who causes the death of a person or animal
subtype: relative__relation a person related by blood or marriage; "police are searching for relatives of the deceased"; "he has distant relations back in New Jersey"
subtype: kneeler.person a person in a kneeling position
subtype: knocker a person who knocks (as seeking to gain admittance); "open the door and see who the knocker is"
subtype: knower__apprehender a person who knows or apprehends
subtype: large_person__largeperson a person of greater than average size
subtype: laugher a person who is laughing or who laughs easily
subtype: learner__assimilator someone (especially a child) who learns (as from a teacher) or takes up knowledge or beliefs
subtype: left-hander__lefty__southpaw a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right; "their pitcher was a southpaw"
subtype: life.person a living person; "his heroism saved a life"
subtype: lightning_rod__lightningrod someone who is a frequent target of negative reactions and serves to distract attention from another
subtype: polyglot__linguist a person who speaks more than one language
subtype: literate_person__literate a person who can read and write
subtype: liver.person a person who has a special life style; "a high liver"
subtype: longer__thirster__yearner a person with a strong desire for something; "a longer for money"; "a thirster after blood"; "a yearner for knowledge"
subtype: loose_cannon__loosecannon a person who is expected to perform a particular task but who is out of control and dangerous
subtype: machine.person an efficient person; "the boxer was a magnificent fighting machine"
subtype: mailer.person a person who mails something
subtype: malcontent a person who is discontented or disgusted
subtype: human_being__humanbeing__man the generic use of the word to refer to any human being; "it was every man for himself"
subtype: manipulator a person who handles things manually
subtype: man_jack__manjack a single individual; "every man jack"
subtype: masturbator a person who practices masturbation
subtype: measurer a person who makes measurements
subtype: nonmember a person who is not a member
subtype: mesomorph a person with a well-developed muscular body
subtype: mestizo a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry)
subtype: middlebrow (informal) someone who is neither a highbrow nor a lowbrow
subtype: miracle_man__miracleman__miracle_worker__miracleworker a person who claims or is alleged to perform miracles
subtype: misogamist a person who hates marriage
subtype: mixed-blood__mixedblood a person whose ancestors belonged to two or more races
subtype: modern a contemporary person
subtype: mutilator__maimer__mangler a person who mutilates or destroys or disfigures or cripples
subtype: namer a person who gives a name or names; "the owner is usually the namer of a boat"
subtype: namesake a person with the same name as another
subtype: neglecter a person who is neglectful and gives little attention or respect to people or responsibilities; "he tried vainly to impress his neglecters"
subtype: neighbor__neighbour a person who lives (or is located) near another
subtype: neutral one who does not side with any party in a war or dispute
subtype: nondescript a person is not easily classified and not very interesting
subtype: nonparticipant a person who does not participate
subtype: nonsmoker a person who does not smoke tobacco
subtype: nude_person__nude a naked person
subtype: nurser a person who treats something carefully; "a great nurser of pennies"
subtype: occultist some who practices the occult arts
subtype: old_maid.person__oldmaid a person who is primly fastidious
subtype: outcaste a person belonging to no caste
subtype: outdoorsman a person who spends time outdoors (e.g., hunting or fishing)
subtype: owner__possessor a person who owns something; "they are searching for the owner of the car"; "who is the owner of that friendly smile?"
subtype: pamperer__spoiler someone who pampers or spoils by excessive indulgence
subtype: forgiver__pardoner__excuser a person who pardons or forgives or excuses a fault or offense
subtype: partner a person who is a member of a partnership
subtype: party.person a person involved in legal proceedings; "the party of the first part"
subtype: passer.person a person who passes as a member of a different ethnic or racial group
subtype: personage another word for person; a person not meriting identification; "a strange personage appeared at the door"
subtype: personification.person one who personifies an abstract quality
subtype: perspirer__sweater a person who perspires
subtype: philosopher.person a wise person who is calm and rational; someone who lives a life of reason with equanimity
subtype: chooser__picker__selector a person who chooses or selects out
subtype: urinator__pisser a person who urinates
subtype: planner__contriver__deviser a person who makes plans
subtype: powderer someone who applies or scatters powder
subtype: preserver someone who keeps safe from harm or danger
subtype: propositus the person immediately affected by or concerned with an action
subtype: pursuer a person who pursues some plan or goal; "a pursuer of truth"
subtype: pussycat a person who is regarded as easygoing and agreeable
subtype: quarter.person an unspecified person; "he dropped a word in the right quarter"
subtype: quitter a person who gives up too easily
subtype: rectifier.person a person who corrects or sets right; "a rectifier of prejudices"
subtype: redhead__carrottop someone who has red hair
subtype: registrant a person who is formally entered (along with others) in a register (and who obtains certain rights thereby)
subtype: reliever__allayer a person who reduces the intensity (e.g., of fears) and calms and pacifies; "a reliever of anxiety"; "an allayer of fears"
subtype: repeater.person a person who repeats; "the audience consisted largely of repeaters who had seen the movie many times"
subtype: rescuer__recoverer__saver someone who saves something from danger or violence
subtype: rester a person who rests
subtype: restrainer.person__controller a person who directs and restrains
subtype: rich_person__wealthy_person__wealthyperson__have a person who possesses great material wealth
subtype: right-hander__righthander a person who uses the right hand more skillfully than the left
subtype: riser.person a person who rises (especially from bed); "he's usually a late riser"
subtype: roundhead a brachycephalic person
subtype: swayer__ruler a person who rules or commands; "swayer of the universe"
subtype: rusher a person who rushes; someone in a hurry; someone who acts precipitously
subtype: scratcher.person a person who scratches to relieve an itch
subtype: second-rater__mediocrity a person of second-rate ability or value: "a team of aging second-raters"; "shone among the mediocrities who surrounded him"
subtype: cloud_seeder__cloudseeder__seeder a person who seeds clouds
subtype: quester__seeker__searcher someone making a search or inquiry; "they are seekers after truth"
subtype: sentimentalist__romanticist someone who indulges in excessive sentimentality
subtype: sex_object__sexobject any person regarded simply as an object of sexual gratification
subtype: shaker.person__mover a person who wields power and influence; "movers and shakers in the business world"; "a shaker of traditional beliefs"; "a mover of mountains"
subtype: signatory__signer someone who signs and is bound by a document
subtype: significant_other__significantother a person with whom you have shared a long-term sexual relationship
subtype: simpleton__simple a person lacking intelligence or common sense
subtype: six-footer__sixfooter a person who is at least six feet tall
subtype: slave a person who is owned by someone
subtype: sleepyhead a sleepy person
subtype: sloucher a person who slouches; someone with a drooping carriage
subtype: small_person__smallperson a person of below average size
subtype: smasher a person who smashes something
subtype: smiler a person who smiles
subtype: sneezer a person who sneezes
subtype: sniffer a person who sniffs
subtype: snuffler a person who breathes noisily (as through a nose blocked by mucus)
subtype: socializer a person who takes part in social activities
subtype: sort.person a person of a particular character or nature; "what sort of person is he?"; "he's a good sort"
subtype: sounding_board a person whose reactions to something serve as an indication of its acceptability; "I would use newspapermen as a sounding board for such policies"
subtype: sphinx.person an inscrutable person who keeps his thoughts and intentions secret
subtype: expectorator__spitter a person who spits (ejects saliva from the mouth)
subtype: sprawler a person who sprawls; "he is such a sprawler he needs a bed to himself"
subtype: spurner a person who rejects (someone or something) with contempt; "she was known as a spurner of all suitors"; "he was no spurner of rules"
subtype: squinter__squint-eye a person with strabismus
subtype: stifler__smotherer a person who stifles or smothers or suppresses; "he is a real conversation stifler"; "I see from all the yawn smotherers that it is time to stop"
subtype: stigmatic__stigmatist a person whose body is marked by religious stigmata (such as marks resembling the wounds of the crucified Christ)
subtype: stooper a person who carries himself or herself with the head and shoulders habitually bent forward
subtype: struggler a person who struggles with difficulties or with great effort
subtype: guinea_pig__subject__case a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; "the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"; "the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities"
subtype: surrenderer a person who yields or surrenders
subtype: survivor.person one who outlives another; "he left his farm to his survivors"
subtype: suspect someone who is under suspicion
subtype: tempter a person who tempts others; "Satan is the great tempter of mankind"
subtype: termer a person who serves a specified term; "there are not many fourth termers in the Senate"
subtype: terror__scourge__threat a person who inspires fear or dread; "he was the terror of the neighborhood"
subtype: testator__testate a person who makes a will
subtype: thin_person__skin_and_bones a person who is unusually thin
subtype: third-rater__thirdrater one who is third-rate or distinctly inferior
subtype: thrower someone who projects something through the air (especially by a rapid motion of the arm)
subtype: tiger a fierce or audacious person; "he's a tiger on the tennis court"; "it aroused the tiger in me"
subtype: toucher a person who causes or allows a part of the body to come in contact with someone or something
subtype: transfer.person__transferee someone who transfers or is transferred from one position to another; "the best student was a transfer from LSU"
subtype: transsexual a person whose sexual identification is entirely with the opposite sex
subtype: transvestite__cross-dresser__crossdresser someone who adopts the dress or manner or sexual role of the opposite sex
subtype: attempter__trier__essayer one who tries
subtype: unfastener__undoer__opener__untier a person who unfastens or unwraps or opens; "children are talented undoers of their shoelaces"
subtype: user a person who makes use of a thing; someone who uses or employs something
subtype: vanisher a person who disappears
subtype: dupe__victim a person who is tricked or swindled
subtype: Victorian a person who lived during the reign of Victoria
subtype: waiter a person who waits or awaits
subtype: waker a person who awakes; "an early waker"
subtype: wanter__needer a person who wants or needs something; "an owner of many things and needer of none"
subtype: ward a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another
subtype: warrior someone engaged in or experienced in warfare
subtype: watcher a person who keeps a devotional vigil by a sick bed or by a dead body
subtype: weakling__doormat__wus a person who is physically weak and ineffectual
subtype: squirmer__wiggler__wriggler one who can't stay still (especially a child): "the toddler was a real wiggler on plane trips"
subtype: winker a person who winks
subtype: withholder.person a person who refrains from granting; "a withholder of payments"
subtype: witness (law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law
subtype: yawner a person who yawns
subtype: male_or_female_person
subtype: in_relationship_person
subtype: Person
subtype: Homo_erectus extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain; " Homo erectus was formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus"
subtype: Homo_soloensis extinct primitive hominid of late Pleistocene; Java; formerly Javanthropus
subtype: Homo_habilis extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics
subtype: Homo_sapiens the only surviving hominid; species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools; brain 1400 cc
subtype: Neandertal_man__Neanderthal_man__Neandertal__Neanderthal__Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia
subtype: Rhodesian_man__Homo_rhodesiensis a primitive hominid resembling Neanderthal man but living in Africa
subtype: Pithecanthropus_erectus__Pithecanthropus__genus_Pithecanthropus former genus of primitive apelike men now Homo erectus
subtype: genus_Sinanthropus__Sinanthropus genus to which Peking man was formerly assigned
subtype: genus_Javanthropus__Javanthropus former genus of primitive man; now Homo soloensis: comprises Solo man
subtype: australopithecine any of several extinct humanlike small-brained bipedal primates of the genus Australopithecus; from 1 to 4 million years ago
subtype: Sivapithecus fossil primates found in India
subtype: dryopithecine considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans
subtype: monkey any of various long-tailed primates (excluding the prosimians)
subtype: prosimian primitive primates having large ears and eyes and characterized by nocturnal habits
subtype: lemur large-eyed arboreal prosimian having foxy faces and long furry tails
subtype: tarsier nocturnal arboreal primate of Indonesia and the Philippines having huge eyes and digits ending in pads to facilitate climbing; the only primate that spurns all plant material as food living entirely on insects and small vertebrates
subtype: tree_shrew insectivorous arboreal mammal of southeast Asia that resembles a squirrel with large eyes and long sharp snout
subtype: flying_lemur__flying_cat__colugo arboreal nocturnal mammal of southeast Asia and the Philippines resembling a lemur and having a fold of skin on each side from neck to tail that is used for long gliding leaps
subtype: proboscidean__proboscidian massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk
subtype: plantigrade_mammal__plantigrademammal an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot touching the ground as e.g. bears and human beings
subtype: digitigrade_mammal__digitigrademammal an animal that walks so that only the toes touch the ground as e.g. dogs and cats and horses
subtype: fossorial_mammal__fossorialmammal a burrowing mammal having limbs adapted for digging
subtype: tetrapod a vertebrate animal having four feet or legs or leglike appendages
33 statements are about indirect instances of vertebrate: graph1_on_person, graph2_on_person, graph3_on_person, graph4_on_person, graph1_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph2_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph3_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph4_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, phmIsOwnerOfSomeRedCar, graph6_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph7_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph1_on_f.modave@gu.edu.au, graph1_on_daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au, graph8_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph8_on_article, graph1_on_collection, graph1_on_situation, graph1_on_human_motion, graph1_on_flight, graph1_on_conference, graph1_on_file, graph1_on_written_material, graph1_on_publication, graph1_on_report, graph35_on_article, graph1_on_research_staff, graph1_on_ontology, graph2_on_Corolla_AE93_CSI_manual_hatchback, graph2_on_John_Briggs_Alfa_Romeo, graph1_on_Person, graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=2667, graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=4384, graph1_on_http://www.wotif.com/Accommodation/viewdeal.asp?PropID=5241 click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
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