#tissue  a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
  supertype:  body_part  any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity
  substance of:  living_thing
  subtype:  isthmus.tissue  a narrow band of tissue connecting two larger parts of an anatomical structure
  subtype:  animal_tissue  the tissue in the bodies of animals
     subtype:  chalaza  one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell
     subtype:  embryonic_tissue__embryonictissue  tissue in an embryo
        subtype:  germ_layer  (embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation
           subtype:  ectoderm__exoderm  the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
              subtype:  neural_tube  a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop
           subtype:  mesoderm__mesoblast  the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
              subtype:  chordamesoderm__chordomesoderm  the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord
              subtype:  mesenchyme  mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
           subtype:  endoderm__entoderm__endoblast__entoblast__hypoblast  the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
     subtype:  coronet  margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof
     subtype:  epithelium__epithelial_tissue  membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body
        subtype:  endothelium  an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
        subtype:  mesothelium  epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity
        subtype:  neuroepithelium  epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
        subtype:  decidua  the epithelial tissue of the endometrium
     subtype:  flesh  the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat
     subtype:  capillary_bed__capillarybed  a layer of tissue densely packed with capillaries
     subtype:  parenchyma  animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels
     subtype:  interstitial_tissue  tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
        subtype:  neuroglia  sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
           subtype:  astroglia__macroglia  tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cells
           subtype:  microglia  neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocytic
           subtype:  oligodendroglia  tissue consisting of glial cells with sheet-like processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers
     subtype:  adipose_tissue__adiposetissue__fat__fatty_tissue__fattytissue  a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; adipose tissue also cushions and insulates vital organs; "fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold"
        subtype:  flab  loose or flaccid body fat
        subtype:  atheroma  a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery; can obstruct blood flow
        subtype:  cellulite  lumpy deposits of body fat especially on women's thighs etc.
        subtype:  mons_veneris__mons__mons_pubis  a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
        subtype:  paunch__belly  a protruding abdomen
           subtype:  potbelly__pot__baywindow__corporation__tummy  (informal) slang terms for a paunch
        subtype:  spare-tire__sparetire  excess fat around the waistline
     subtype:  connective_tissue  tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
        subtype:  tegument__skin__cutis__cuti  a natural protective covering of the body; site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
           subtype:  investment  outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
              subtype:  pellicle  thin protective membrane in some protozoa
           subtype:  thick_skin__thickskin  skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
           subtype:  skin_graft  a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
           subtype:  buff  bare skin; "swimming in the buff"
           subtype:  dewlap  a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
           subtype:  prepuce  a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
           subtype:  foreskin__prepuce  a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
           subtype:  scalp  the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
           subtype:  hangnail__agnail  a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
        subtype:  areolar_tissue__areolartissue  fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net
        subtype:  bone__os  rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
           subtype:  furcula  a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds
              subtype:  wishbone__wishing_bone__wishingbone  the furcula of a domestic fowl
           subtype:  splint_bone  a rudimentary splint-like metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal
           subtype:  pastern__fetter_bone  the part between the fetlock and the hoof
           subtype:  cannon_bone  greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals
           subtype:  fishbone  a bone of a fish
           subtype:  anklebone__astragal__astragalus__talus__talu  the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
           subtype:  cuboid_bone  the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus
           subtype:  carpal_bone__carpal__wrist_bone__wristbone  any of the eight small bones of the wrist
              subtype:  scaphoid_bone__os_scaphoideum__navicular  the largest wrist bone on the thumb side
              subtype:  lunate_bone__semilunar_bone__semilunarbone__os_lunatum  one of the eight small wrist bones
              subtype:  triquetral_bone__triquetral__os_triquetrum__cuneiform_bone__cuneiformbone__pyramidal_bone__pyramidalbone  a wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bones
              subtype:  pisiform_bone__pisiform__os_pisiforme  a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral
              subtype:  trapezium_bone__trapeziumbone__trapezium__os_trapezium  the wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals
              subtype:  trapezoid_bone__trapezoidbone__trapezoid__ostrapezoideum  the wrist bone between the trapezium and the capitate bones
              subtype:  capitate_bone__capitate__os_capitatum  the wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metatarsal
              subtype:  hamate_bone__hamate__unciform_bone__os_hamatum  the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers
           subtype:  cartilage_bone__cartilagebone  any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue
           subtype:  centrum  the main body of a vertebra
           subtype:  cheekbone__zygomatic_bone__zygomaticbone__mala__malar_bone__malarbone__jugal_bone__jugalbone__os_zygomaticum  the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
           subtype:  clavicle__collarbone  bone linking the scapula and sternum
           subtype:  coccyx__tail_bone  the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
           subtype:  dentine  bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth
           subtype:  ethmoid_bone__ethmoidbone__ethmoid  one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
           subtype:  heelbone__calcaneus__calcaneu__os_tarsi_fibulare  the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel
           subtype:  hipbone__innominate_bone__innominatebone  large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis
           subtype:  hyoid_bone__hyoidbone__hyoid__os_hyoideum  a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles
           subtype:  ilium  the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
           subtype:  ischium__ischial_bone__ischialbone__os_ischii  one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
           subtype:  long_bone__os_longum  in vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical marrow-containing bone of a limb
              subtype:  epiphysis__epiphysi  the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
              subtype:  diaphysis__diaphysi__shaft  the main (mid) section of a long bone
              subtype:  arm_bone__armbone  a bone in the arm
                 subtype:  humerus__humeru  bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
                 subtype:  radius.arm_bone__radiu  the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm
                 subtype:  ulna__elbow_bone__elbowbone  the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
              subtype:  leg_bone__legbone  a bone of the leg
                 subtype:  femur__thighbone__femoris__femori  the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee
                 subtype:  fibula__calf_bone  the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
                 subtype:  tibia__shinbone__shin  the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
           subtype:  lower_jaw__lowerjaw__mandible__mandibula__submaxilla__lower_jawbone__lowerjawbone__jawbone__jowl  the lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth
              subtype:  lantern_jaw__lanternjaw  a long thin lower jaw
           subtype:  ramus__ramu  the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
           subtype:  membrane_bone  any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull
              subtype:  frontal_bone__frontalbone__os_frontale__forehead  the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits
              subtype:  parietal_bone  either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
              subtype:  occipital_bone__occipitalbone  a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
           subtype:  metacarpal_bone__metacarpal  any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers
           subtype:  metatarsal  any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes
           subtype:  nasal_bone__nasalbone__nasal__osnasale  an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
           subtype:  ossicle__ossiculum  a small bone; especially one in the middle ear
              subtype:  auditory_ossicle  ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
                 subtype:  malleus__malleu__hammer  the ossicle attached to the eardrum
                 subtype:  incus__incu__anvil  the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
                 subtype:  stapes__stirrup  the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
           subtype:  palatine_bone__palatine__os_palatinum  either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits
           subtype:  phalanx  any of the bones (or phalanges) of the fingers or toes
           subtype:  os_pubis__pubis__pubi__pubic_bone__pubicbone  one of the three sections of the hipbone; together the two pubic bones form the front of the pelvis
           subtype:  rib.bone__costa  any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
              subtype:  true_rib  one of the first seven ribs in a human being which attach to the sternum
           subtype:  round_bone__roundbone  bones that are round in shape
           subtype:  sacrum  wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx
           subtype:  scapula__shoulder_blade__shoulder_bone  either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
           subtype:  sesamoid_bone__os_sesamoideum  any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint
              subtype:  patella__kneecap  a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint
           subtype:  short_bone__shortbone__os_breve  a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions
           subtype:  sphenoid_bone__sphenoid__os_sphenoidale  butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
           subtype:  sternum  the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
           subtype:  corpus_sternum__gladiolus__gladiolu  the large central part of the breastbone
           subtype:  manubrium  the upper part of the breastbone
           subtype:  xiphoid_process__xiphoidproces  smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib
           subtype:  tarsal_bone__tarsal  any bone of the tarsus
           subtype:  temporal_bone__os_temporale  a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
           subtype:  tooth  hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense
              subtype:  fang  hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison
              subtype:  tusk  a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog
              subtype:  conodont.tooth  tiny fossil cone-shaped tooth of the most primitive vertebrate: the conodont
              subtype:  pearly__chopper  informal terms for a human `tooth'
              subtype:  carnassial_tooth  the last upper premolar and first lower molar teeth of a carnivore; having sharp edges for cutting flesh
              subtype:  front_tooth__fronttooth__anterior  a tooth situated at the front of the mouth; "his malocclusion was caused by malposed anteriors"
                 subtype:  bucktooth  a large projecting front tooth
              subtype:  back_tooth__posterior  a tooth situated at the back of the mouth
              subtype:  malposed_tooth  a tooth that has grown in a faulty position
              subtype:  permanent_tooth__permanenttooth__adult_tooth__adulttooth  any of the 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth of early childhood and (with luck) can last until old age
              subtype:  primary_tooth__primarytooth__deciduous_tooth__deciduoustooth__baby_tooth__milk_tooth  one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children)
              subtype:  canine_tooth__canine__eyetooth__eye_tooth__eyetooth__dogtooth__cuspid  one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars
                 subtype:  fang.canine_tooth  canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey
              subtype:  premolar__bicuspid  a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars
              subtype:  incisor  a tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth in both jaws
              subtype:  molar__grinder  grinding tooth with a broad crown; located behind the premolars
                 subtype:  wisdom_tooth  any of the last 4 teeth on each side of the upper and lower jaw; the last of the permanent teeth to erupt (between ages 16 and 21)
           subtype:  turbinate_bone__turbinatebone__turbinate__turbinal  any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
              subtype:  nasal_concha__nasalconcha  one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity
           subtype:  tympanic_bone  the bone enclosing the middle ear
           subtype:  upper_jaw__upperjaw__upper_jawbone__upperjawbone__maxilla  the upper jawbone in vertebrates ; it is fused to the cranium
           subtype:  vertebra  one of the bony segments of the spinal column
              subtype:  cervical_vertebra__neck_bone  one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region
                 subtype:  atlas_vertebra__atlasvertebra__atlas__atla  the 1st cervical vertebra
                 subtype:  axis_vertebra__axis  the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head
              subtype:  thoracic_vertebra__dorsal_vertebra  one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra
              subtype:  lumbar_vertebra  one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae
              subtype:  sacral_vertebra  one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum
              subtype:  coccygeal_vertebra__coccygealvertebra__caudal_vertebra  one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
           subtype:  zygoma__zygomatic_arch__zygomaticarch__arcus_zygomaticus__arcuszygomaticu  the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
           subtype:  modiolus  the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea
           subtype:  lacrimal_bone  small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
           subtype:  skull  the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
           subtype:  calvaria__skullcap  the dome of the skull
           subtype:  cranium__braincase__brainpan  the part of the skull that encloses the brain
           subtype:  occiput  back part of the head or skull
           subtype:  sinciput  the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)
           subtype:  vomer  thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
           subtype:  Wormian_bone__sutural_bone__suturalbone  any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones
           subtype:  marrowbone  a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup
        subtype:  bone_marrow__marrow  the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
           subtype:  red_marrow__redmarrow__red_bone_marrow  bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
           subtype:  yellow_marrow__yellow_bone_marrow  bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
        subtype:  elastic_tissue__elastictissue  connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments
        subtype:  endoneurium  delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve
        subtype:  ligament  a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
           subtype:  falciform_ligament__falciformligament  a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall
           subtype:  round_ligament_of_the_uterus__ligamentum_teres_uteri  ligament attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal canal to the labia majora
        subtype:  perineurium  connective tissue that covers a bundle of nerve fibers
        subtype:  tendon__sinew  a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
           subtype:  hamstring_tendon__hamstringtendon__hamstring  one of the tendons at the back of the knee
           subtype:  Achilles_tendon__tendon_of_Achilles  a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf
        subtype:  submucosa  the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane
        subtype:  fascia__facia  a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
           subtype:  aponeurosis  any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons
        subtype:  granulation_tissue__granulationtissue__granulation  new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
           subtype:  proud_flesh__proudflesh  the swollen tissue around a healing wound or ulcer
     subtype:  lymphatic_tissue__lymphatictissue__lymphoidtissue  tissue making up the lymphatic system
        subtype:  palatine_tonsil__tonsil__faucial_tonsil__faucialtonsil__tonsilla  either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx
        subtype:  spleen__lien  a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
        subtype:  lymph_node__lymphnode__lymph_gland__lymphgland__node  the source of lymph and lymphocytes
           subtype:  axillary_node  any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions
           subtype:  Peyer's_patch__Peter's_gland  any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon
           subtype:  bubo  a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis
        subtype:  pharyngeal_tonsil__adenoid__Luschka's_tonsil__third_tonsil__thirdtonsil__tonsilla_pharyngealis__tonsilla_adenoidea  a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children"
     subtype:  cartilage__gristle  tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults
        subtype:  meniscus  a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a point
        subtype:  fibrocartilage  cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue
        subtype:  hyaline_cartilage__hyalinecartilage  translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton
        subtype:  arytenoid_cartilage__arytenoidcartilage__arytenoid__arytaenoid  either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached
        subtype:  thyroid_cartilage__thyroidcartilage__Adam's_apple  the largest cartilage of the larynx
     subtype:  erectile_tissue__erectiletissue  vascular tissue capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid
     subtype:  muscular_tissue__muscle  animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
        subtype:  striated_muscle__skeletal_muscle__striated_muscle_tissue  muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes
        subtype:  cardiac_muscle__cardiacmuscle__heart_muscle__heartmuscle  the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction
           subtype:  cardiac_pacemaker__cardiacpacemaker__pacemaker__sinoatrial_node__SA_node  a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
           subtype:  papillary_muscle__papillarymuscle  any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves; "the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria"
           subtype:  atrioventricular_bundle__bundle_of_His__atrioventricular_trunk__truncus_atrioventricularis  a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
           subtype:  atrioventricular_node  a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle
           subtype:  myocardium  the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
           subtype:  Purkinje_fiber  a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network
           subtype:  Purkinje_network__Purkinje's_tissue__Purkinje's_system  a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract
        subtype:  smooth_muscle  muscle tissue that does not appear striated under the microscope; has the form of thin layers or sheets
     subtype:  fibrous_tissue__fibroustissue  tissue consisting or or containing fibers in both animals and plants
        subtype:  trabecula  rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)
     subtype:  nervous_tissue__nervoustissue__nerve_tissue__nervetissue  tissue composed of neurons
        subtype:  fiber_bundle__fiberbundle__fibre_bundle__fibrebundle__fascicle__fasciculus  a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)
           subtype:  fornix  an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
           subtype:  nervus__nerve  any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
              subtype:  motor_nerve__motornerve  a nerve that activates muscles or glands
              subtype:  sensory_nerve__sensorynerve  a nerve that leads from receptors to the central nervous system
                 subtype:  lemniscus__lemniscu__fillet  a bundle of sensory nerve fibers going to the thalamus
              subtype:  cranial_nerve__cranialnerve  any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem
                 subtype:  olfactory_nerve__olfactorynerve__nervii_olfactorii__first_cranial_nerve__firstcranialnerve  a collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa
                 subtype:  optic_nerve__opticnerve__nervus_opticus__second_cranial_nerve__optic_tract__optictract  serves the retina
                 subtype:  oculomotor_nerve__oculomotor__nervus_oculomotorius__third_cranial_nerve__thirdcranialnerve  supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye
                 subtype:  trochlear_nerve__trochlearnerve__trochlear__trochlearis__trochleari__fourth_cranial_nerve  either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes
                 subtype:  trigeminal_nerve__trigeminal__trigeminus__nervus_trigeminus__fifth_cranial_nerve  the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
                 subtype:  abducent_nerve__abducent__abducens__abducens_nerve__nervus_abducens__sixth_cranial_nerve__sixthcranialnerve  a small motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
                 subtype:  facial_nerve__facial__nervus_facialis__seventh_cranial_nerve__seventhcranialnerve  cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
                 subtype:  acoustic_nerve__auditory_nerve__vestibulocochlear_nerve__vestibulocochlearnerve__nervus_vestibulocochlearis__eighth_cranial_nerve  a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea
                 subtype:  glossopharyngeal_nerve__nervus_glossopharyngeus__ninth_cranial_nerve  sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the the otic ganglion
                 subtype:  nervus_vagus__vagus__vagu__vagus_nerve__vagusnerve__pneumogastric__pneumogastric_nerve__pneumogastricnerve__tenth_cranial_nerve__tenthcranialnerve__wandering_nerve__wanderingnerve  a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
                 subtype:  accessory_nerve__accessorynerve__spinal_accessory__nervus_accessorius__eleventh_cranial_nerve  arises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the accessory nerve trunk
                 subtype:  hypoglossal_nerve__hypoglossalnerve__hypoglossal__nervus_hypoglosus__twelfth_cranial_nerve__twelfthcranialnerve  supplies intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other tongue muscles
              subtype:  depressor_nerve__depressornerve__depressor  any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves
              subtype:  radial_nerve__nervus_radialis__musculospiral_nerve__musculospiralnerve  largest branch of the brachial plexus; extends down the humerus to the lateral epicondyle where it divides into one branch that goes to the skin on the back of the hand and another that goes to the underlying extensor muscles
              subtype:  splanchnic_nerve  any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels
              subtype:  sciatic_nerve__sciaticnerve__nervus_ischiadicus  arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves
              subtype:  saphenous_nerve__nervus_saphenus  a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot
              subtype:  ulnar_nerve__ulnarnerve__cubital_nerve__cubitalnerve__nervus_ulnaris  a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand
                 subtype:  funny_bone__funnybone__crazy_bone__crazybone  a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone; "the funny bone is not humerus"
              subtype:  spinal_nerve__nervus_spinalis  any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)
                 subtype:  femoral_nerve__femoralnerve__nervus_femoralis__anterior_crural_nerve  one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh
                 subtype:  phrenic_nerve__phrenicnerve__nervus_phrenicus  one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
                 subtype:  cervical_nerve  any of eight pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the cervical section of the spinal cord
                 subtype:  coccygeal_nerve__coccygealnerve__nervus_coccygeus  the lowest pair of spinal nerves
                 subtype:  lumbar_nerve  any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord
                 subtype:  sacral_nerve  any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the sacral region of the spinal cord
                 subtype:  thoracic_nerve  any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord
           subtype:  nerve_pathway__nervepathway__tract__nerve_tract__nervetract__pathway  a bundle of nerve fibers following a path through the brain
              subtype:  peduncle  a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
              subtype:  corpus_callosum  a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
              subtype:  pyramidal_tract__pyramidaltract__pyramidal_motor_system__pyramidalmotorsystem__corticospinal_tract__corticospinaltract  any of the important nerve pathways on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord
        subtype:  grey_matter__gray_matter__grey_substance__gray_substance__substantia_grisea  greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons
        subtype:  white_matter__whitematter__substantiaalba  whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths
     subtype:  gingiva__gum  the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
     subtype:  flap.animal_tissue  a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body
        subtype:  uvula  a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
        subtype:  soft_palate__velum  a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
        subtype:  protective_fold  a flap of tissue that protects what it covers
           subtype:  eyelid__lid  either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
           subtype:  nictitating_membrane__nictitatingmembrane__thirdeyelid  a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
              subtype:  haw  the nictitating membrane of a horse
        subtype:  cusp.flap__leaflet  a thin triangular flap of a heart valve
     subtype:  tissue_layer__membrane  a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals
        subtype:  trophoblast  the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall; "after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta"
        subtype:  chorioallantois__chorioallantoi__chorioallantoic_membrane__chorioallantoicmembrane  very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois
        subtype:  web.tissue_layer  membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals
        subtype:  Bowman's_capsule__glomerular_capsule__capsula_glomeruli__capsulaglomeruli  thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of a nephron
        subtype:  axolemma  outer membrane covering an axon
        subtype:  basilar_membrane__basilarmembrane  a membrane in the cochlea that supports the Organ of Corti
        subtype:  fetal_membrane__fetalmembrane  any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment of respiration or excretion of a developing fetus
           subtype:  allantois__allantoi  vascular fetal membrane that develops from the hindgut in embryonic higher vertebrates (mammals; birds; reptiles)
           subtype:  caul__veil__embryonic_membrane__embryonicmembrane  the inner embryonic membrane of higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)
           subtype:  umbilical_cord__umbilicalcord  membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
        subtype:  choroid_coat__choroidcoat__choroid  a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera
        subtype:  ciliary_body__ciliarybody  the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris
        subtype:  cornea  transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera
           subtype:  arcus_senilis__arcussenili__arcus__arcu  an arc-shaped whitish deposit sometimes seen in the cornea
        subtype:  midriff__diaphragm  (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
        subtype:  eardrum__tympanum__tympanic_membrane__myringa  the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
           subtype:  perforated_eardrum  an eardrum with a hole or tear in it; can interfere with normal hearing and cause other ear problems
        subtype:  endocranium  membrane lining the inside of the skull
        subtype:  endosteum  vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones
        subtype:  ependyma  thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal
        subtype:  fertilization_membrane__fertilizationmembrane  the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
        subtype:  hyaloid_membrane__hyaloidmembrane  transparent membrane that enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina
        subtype:  intima  the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)
        subtype:  iris  muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil; it forms the colored portion of the eye
        subtype:  lamella.tissue_layer  a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones
        subtype:  lens_capsule  a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens
        subtype:  meninx__meninges  a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord
           subtype:  leptomeninges__leptomeninge  the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers
           subtype:  dura_mater__dura  the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges
           subtype:  arachnoid_membrane__arachnoidmembrane__arachnoid  the middle of the 3 meninges
           subtype:  pia_mater__piamater  the highly vascular innermost of the 3 meninges
        subtype:  mucous_membrane__mucosa  mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
           subtype:  conjunctiva  a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
              subtype:  pinguecula  a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
              subtype:  pterygium  a thickened triangular layer of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; pterygia arise from irritation of the pinguecula
           subtype:  endometrium  the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition
           subtype:  hymen__maidenhead__virginal_membrane  a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
              subtype:  imperforate_hymen__imperforatehymen  hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out
        subtype:  periosteum  a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone
        subtype:  perithelium  tissue layer around small blood vessels
        subtype:  retina  the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
        subtype:  sarcolemma  an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
        subtype:  semipermeable_membrane__semipermeablemembrane  a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others
           subtype:  cell_wall__cell_membrane__plasma_membrane  a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell; controls passage of substances in and out of the cell
        subtype:  serous_membrane__serosa  a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid
           subtype:  pleura  the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
              subtype:  parietal_pleura  pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
              subtype:  visceral_pleura  pleura that covers the lungs
           subtype:  peritoneum  a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
              subtype:  mesentery  a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines
                 subtype:  mesocolon  mesentery that holds the lower colon the back abdominal wall
              subtype:  omentum  a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
                 subtype:  greater_omentum__greateromentum__gastrocolic_omentum__gastrocolicomentum__caul  part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines
                 subtype:  lesser_omentum  a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels
           subtype:  endocardium  the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
           subtype:  pericardium  a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
           subtype:  epicardium__visceral_pericardium  the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
           subtype:  parietal_pericardium  the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
        subtype:  synovial_membrane__synovium  a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the point capsule and secretes synovial fluid
        subtype:  tunica__tunic__adventitia  an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
           subtype:  albuginea  whitish tunic
              subtype:  sclera__sclerotic_coat__scleroticcoat  whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball
              subtype:  tunica_albuginea_testes  whitish cover of the testicle
     subtype:  cortex  the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
        subtype:  adrenal_cortex__adrenalcortex  the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones
        subtype:  renal_cortex__renalcortex  the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules
     subtype:  medulla  the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
        subtype:  adrenal_medulla__adrenalmedulla  the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine
     subtype:  matrix.animal_tissue  the formative tissue at the base of a nail
     subtype:  graft__transplant  (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
        subtype:  autograft  tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person; "skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms"
        subtype:  homograft__allograft  tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft
        subtype:  heterograft__xenograft  tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
     subtype:  stroma  the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)
  subtype:  plant_tissue__planttissue  the tissue of a plant
     subtype:  interstitial_tissue  tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
     subtype:  fibrous_tissue__fibroustissue  tissue consisting or or containing fibers in both animals and plants
     subtype:  cortex  the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
     subtype:  medulla  the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
     subtype:  stroma.plant_tissue  the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast
     subtype:  pulp.plant_tissue__flesh  a soft moist part of a fruit
     subtype:  pith  soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants
     subtype:  parenchyma.plant_tissue  the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
     subtype:  lignum  woody tissue
     subtype:  vascular_tissue  tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
        subtype:  stele  the usually cylindrical central vascular portion of the axis of a vascular plant
        subtype:  cambium.vascular_tissue  formative one-cell-thick layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth
        subtype:  vascular_bundle__vascular_strand__fibrovascular_bundle__fibrovascularbundle  a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem
        subtype:  vascular_ray__medullary_ray__medullaryray  a sheet of vascular tissue separating the vascular bundles
        subtype:  xylem  the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels
        subtype:  tracheid  long tubular cell peculiar to xylem
        subtype:  phloem__bast  (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes
        subtype:  sieve_tube__sievetube  tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae
     subtype:  pseudophloem  false phloem
     subtype:  gall  abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
        subtype:  oak_apple__oakapple  oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp
     subtype:  meristem  undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root
     subtype:  skin.plant_tissue__rind  the tissue forming the hard outer layer of e.g. a fruit

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