#subject_matter__subjectmatter__message__content__substance what a communication that is about something is about
supertype: description_content (pm) social_relation
subtype: body.subject_matter the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
subtype: corker.subject_matter (slang) a remarkable or astounding message; "that story was a corker"
subtype: reminder.subject_matter a message that helps you remember something; "he ignored his wife's reminders"
subtype: phylactery (Judaism) a small leather case containing religious texts; worn by Jewish men during morning prayer
subtype: request__petition a formal message requesting something submitted to an authority
subtype: application.request a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; "December 31 is the deadline for applications"
subtype: job_application__jobapplication an application for a job
subtype: credit_application an application for a line of credit
subtype: loan_application an application to borrow money
subtype: mortgage_application an application for a mortgage loan
subtype: patent_application an application for sole rights to an invention
subtype: ingathering__solicitation__appeal__collection request for a sum of money; "an appeal to raise money for starving children"
subtype: whip-round (British) solicitation of money usually for a benevolent purpose
subtype: demand.request an urgent or peremptory request; "his demands for attention were unceasing"
subtype: challenge.demand a demand by a sentry for a password or identification
subtype: ultimatum a final peremptory demand
subtype: insisting__insistence continual and persistent demands
subtype: duty_call__call__claim a demand especially in the phrase "the call of duty"
subtype: requisition the act of requiring; an authoritative request or demand (especially by a military or public authority that takes something over (usually temporarily) for military or public use)
subtype: card_call__call a demand for a show of hands in a card game; "after two raises there was a call"
subtype: margin_call__call a demand by a broker that a customer deposit enough to bring his margin up to the minimum requirement
subtype: wage_claim__pay_claim__payclaim the wage demanded from management for workers by their union representatives
subtype: memorial a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to a an authority
subtype: latent_content (psychoanalysis) hidden meaning of a fantasy or dream
subtype: subject__topic__theme the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; "he didn't want to discuss that subject"; "it was a very sensitive topic"; "his letters were always on the theme of love"
subtype: precedent a subject mentioned earlier (preceding in time)
subtype: question.subject__head the subject matter at issue; "the question of disease merits serious discussion"; "under the head of minor Roman poets"
subtype: problem a question raised for consideration or solution; "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
subtype: puzzler__puzzle__mystifier a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; "he loved to solve chessmate puzzles"; "that's a real puzzler"
subtype: case.problem a problem requiring investigation; "Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir"
subtype: homework_problem a problem that students are assigned to do outside of class
subtype: conundrum__riddle__enigma__brain-teaser__brainteaser a difficult problem
subtype: stumper__toughie__sticker a particularly difficult or baffling question or problem
subtype: Gordian_knot.problem__gordianknot any very difficult problem; insoluble in its own terms
subtype: crossword_puzzle__crosswordpuzzle a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle
subtype: word_square__acrostic a puzzle where you fill a square grid with words reading the same down as across
subtype: pons_asinorum a problem that severely tests the ability of an inexperienced person
subtype: rebus__rebu a puzzle where you decode a message consisting of pictures representing syllables and words
subtype: question_of_fact__matter_of_fact a disputed factual contention that is generally left for a jury to decide
subtype: question_of_law__matter_of_law a disputed legal contention that is generally left for a judge to decide
subtype: keynote.subject the principal theme in a speech or literary work
subtype: digression__aside__excursus__divagation__parenthesis__parenthesi a message that departs from the main subject
subtype: signification__meaning__significance__import the message that is intended or expressed
subtype: lexical_meaning__lexicalmeaning the meaning of a word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express
subtype: grammatical_meaning__grammaticalmeaning the meaning of a word that depends on its role in a sentence; varies with inflectional form
subtype: symbolization__symbolisation the use of symbols to convey meaning
subtype: signified__sense the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; "the dictionary gave several senses for the word"; "in the best sense charity is really a duty"; "the signifier is linked to the signified"
subtype: word_meaning__word_sense__acceptation the meaning of a word
subtype: intension__connotation what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression
subtype: referent something referred to; the object of a reference
subtype: antecedent.referent the referent of an anaphor; a phrase or clause that is referred to by an anaphoric pronoun
subtype: denotatum a actual object referred to by a linguistic expression
subtype: designatum something (whether existing or not) that is referred to by a linguistic expression
subtype: gist__effect__essence__core the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
subtype: intent__purport__spirit the intended meaning of a communication
subtype: moral__lesson the significance of a story or event; "the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor"
subtype: nuance__nicety__shade__subtlety__refinement a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
subtype: overtone (usually plural) an ulterior implicit meaning or quality; "overtones of despair"
subtype: point.signification a brief version of the essential meaning of something; "get to the point"; "he missed the point of the joke"; "life has lost its point"
subtype: bottom_line the decisive point
subtype: crux_of_the_matter__crux the most important point
subtype: alpha_and_omega__alphaandomega the basic meaning of something; the crucial part
subtype: rallying_point a point or principle on which scattered or opposing groups can come together
subtype: talking_point__talkingpoint an especially persuasive point helping to support an argument or discussion
subtype: nonsense__nonsensicality__meaninglessness__meaninglessnes a message that seems to convey no meaning
subtype: absurdity__absurdness__ridiculousness a message whose content is at variance with reason
subtype: amphigory__nonsense_verse nonsensical writing (usually verse)
subtype: balderdash__fiddle-faddle__piffle trivial nonsense
subtype: buzzword__cant stock phrases that have become nonsense through endless repetition
subtype: fa_la__fal_la__falla meaningless syllables in the refrain of a part-song
subtype: gibberish__gibber unintelligible talking
subtype: abracadabra gibberish and nonsense
subtype: babble__babbling__lallation gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby
subtype: blather__blatherskite foolish gibberish
subtype: double_Dutch (colloquial British) incomprehensible talk
subtype: double_talk deliberately unintelligible gibberish
subtype: jabber__jabbering__gabble rapid and indistinct speech
subtype: mumbo_jumbo language that is unnecessarily difficult to understand
subtype: incoherency__unintelligibility nonsense that is simply incoherent and unintelligible
subtype: word_salad jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia
subtype: jabberwocky nonsensical language (according to Lewis Carroll)
subtype: mummery__flummery meaningless ceremonies and flattery
subtype: hot_air__hotair__palaver__empty_words__emptyword__empty_talk__emptytalk__rhetoric loud and confused and empty talk; "mere rhetoric"
subtype: rigamarole__rigmarole a set of confused and meaningless statements
subtype: stuff_and_nonsense__stuffandnonsense__stuff__hooey__poppycock senseless talk; "don't give me that stuff"
subtype: baloney__boloney__bilgewater__bosh__drool__humbug__taradiddle__tarradiddle__tommyrot__tosh__twaddle pretentious or silly talk or writing
subtype: drivel a worthless message
subtype: bullshit__bull__Irish_bull__horseshit__shit__crap__bunk__bunkum__buncombe__guff__rot__hogwash__dogshit a ludicrously false statement
subtype: chickenshit a false statement that is considered to indicate timidity or fear
subtype: folderol__rubbish__tripe__trumpery__trash__wishwash__applesauce__codswallop nonsensical talk or writing
subtype: pap worthless or oversimplified ideas
subtype: acknowledgment__acknowledgement a statement acknowledging something or someone
subtype: receipt an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made
subtype: ticket_stub__stub a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt
subtype: rain_check.ticket_stub__raincheck a ticket stub entitling the holder to admission to a future event if the scheduled event was cancelled due to rain
subtype: bill_of_lading__waybill a receipt from the carrier for the goods being shipped
subtype: pawn_ticket a pawnbroker's receipt for articles taken as security
subtype: word_of_farewell__farewell an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting
subtype: adieu__adios__adio__arrivederci__auf_wiedersehen__aufwiedersehen__au_revoir__bye__bye-bye__byebye__cheerio__good-by__goodby__good-bye__goodbye__good_day__sayonara__so_long a farewell remark; "they said their good-byes"
subtype: bon_voyage__bonvoyage__send-off an organized expression of goodwill at the start of a trip or new venture
subtype: good_morning__morning a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_afternoon__afternoon a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_night a conventional expression of farewell
subtype: greeting__salutation (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)
subtype: well-wishing an expression of good will from one person to another; "much hand-shaking and well-wishing"
subtype: compliments__regard__wish (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare; "give him my kind regards"; "my best wishes"
subtype: reception.greeting the manner in which something is greeted; "she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors"
subtype: hail.greeting enthusiastic greeting
subtype: pax__kiss_of_peace (Roman Catholic) a greeting signifying Christian love for those assisting at the Eucharist
subtype: welcome a greeting or reception; "the proposal got a warm welcome"
subtype: cordial_reception__cordialreception__hospitality kindness in welcoming guests or strangers
subtype: inhospitality unkind and inconsiderate welcome; "he was taken aback by such inhospitality"
subtype: glad_hand a warm welcome; may be insincere
subtype: salute an act of greeting with friendly words and gestures like bowing or lifting the hat
subtype: hello__hullo__hi__howdy__howdoyoudo an expression of greeting; "every morning they exchanged polite hellos"
subtype: good_morning__morning a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_afternoon__afternoon a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: military_greeting__salute a formal military gesture of respect
subtype: calling_card__callingcard__visiting_card__card a written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited
subtype: aloha__ciao an acknowledgment that can be used to say hello or goodbye (aloha is Hawaiian; ciao is Italian)
subtype: handshake__shake__handshaking__handclasp grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)
subtype: apology an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone; "he wrote a letter of apology to the hostess"
subtype: mea_culpa__meaculpa an acknowledgment of your error or guilt
subtype: condolence__commiseration an expression of sympathy with another's grief; "they sent their condolences"
subtype: congratulation__felicitation acknowledgement that someone has an occasion for celebration
subtype: regrets__regret__refusal__declination the polite declining of an invitation
subtype: admission.acknowledgment an acknowledgment of the truth of something
subtype: confession.admission an admission of misdeeds or faults
subtype: self-accusation__self-condemnation an admission that you have failed to do or be something you know you should do or be
subtype: thanks.acknowledgment an acknowledgment of appreciation
subtype: appreciation.thanks an expression of gratitude; "he expressed his appreciation in a short note"
subtype: thank_you a conversational expression of gratitude
subtype: curtain_call__curtaincall__bow an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience
subtype: info__information a message received and understood that reduces the recipient's uncertainty
subtype: factoid.info something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in print
subtype: misinformation information that is incorrect
subtype: material information (data or ideas or observations) that can be reworked into a finished form; "the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography"
subtype: rehash old material that is slightly reworked and used again; "merely a dull rehash of his first novel"
subtype: copy.material material suitable for a journalistic account; "catastrophes make good copy"
subtype: details__detail__inside_information true confidential information; "after the trial he gave us the real details"
subtype: poop__dope__the_skinny__theskinny__low-down__lowdown slang terms for inside information; "is that the straight dope?"
subtype: fact.info a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
subtype: recordbook__record__book a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone; "Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'"; "his name is in all the recordbooks"
subtype: logbook a book in which the log is written
subtype: bell_book a logbook in which all orders concerning the main engines of a ship are recorded
subtype: won-lost_record (sports) a record of win versus losses
subtype: scorecard__card a record of scores (as in golf); "you have to turn in your card to get a handicap"
subtype: basics__rudiments__rudiment a statement of fundamental facts or principles
subtype: index_number__indexnumber__index__indicant__indicator a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time
subtype: business_index a statistical compilation that provides a context for economic or financial conditions; "this business index is computed relative to the base year of 1995"
subtype: leading_indicator__leadingindicator one of 11 indicators for different sections of the economy; used by the Department of Commerce to predict economic trends in the near future
subtype: price_index__priceindex__price_level__pricelevel an index that traces the relative changes in the price of an individual good (or a market basket of goods) over time
subtype: retail_price_index an index of changes in retail prices
subtype: producer_price_index__wholesale_price_index__wholesalepriceindex an index of changes in wholesale prices
subtype: consumer_price_index__CPI__cost-of-living_index an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer
subtype: short_account__shortaccount the aggregate of short sales on an open market
subtype: stock_index__stockindex__stock_market_index index based on a statistical compilation of the share prices of a number of representative stocks
subtype: Dow_Jones__Dow-Jones_Industrial_Average an indicator of stock market prices; based on the share values of 30 leading companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
subtype: Standard_and_Poor's_Index__Standard_and_Poor's a broadly based stock market index
subtype: data_format__format__formatting__data_formatting the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)
subtype: high-level_formatting (computer science) the format for the root directory and the file allocation tables and other basic configurations
subtype: low-level_formatting__lowlevelformatting__initialization__initialisation (computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position
subtype: purpose_related_format__purposerelatedformat
subtype: executable_format
subtype: bin
subtype: exe
subtype: archive_format__archiveformat
subtype: tar
subtype: gtar
subtype: shar
subtype: sit
subtype: hqx
subtype: compressed_data_format
subtype: zip
subtype: gz
subtype: Z
subtype: media_dependant_format__mediadependantformat
subtype: gen (British) informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"
subtype: database an organized body of related information
subtype: listing__list a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)
subtype: agendum__agenda__order_of_business a list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting)
subtype: order_of_the_day the order of business for an assembly on a given day
subtype: order_paper__order_book__orderbook a printed copy of the order of the day
subtype: bibliography a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.)
subtype: bill.listing a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)
subtype: bill_of_fare__menu__card__carte_du_jour__carte a list of dishes available at a restaurant; "the menu was in French"
subtype: a_la_carte a menu having individual dishes listed with separate prices
subtype: prix_fixe a menu listing fixed meals at fixed prices
subtype: table_d'hote__tabled'hote a menu offering a complete meal with limited choices at a fixed price
subtype: playbill a theatrical program; "he couldn't find her name on the playbill"
subtype: blacklist__black_book__blackbook a list of people who are out of favor
subtype: calendar a list or register of events (appointments or social events or court cases etc); "I have you on my calendar for next Monday"
subtype: docket (law) the calendar of a court; the list of cases to be tried or a summary of the court's activities
subtype: calorie_chart__caloriechart a list of foods and information about their caloric content
subtype: canon.listing a complete list of saints that have been recognized by the Roman Catholic Church
subtype: catalogue__catalog a complete list of things; usually arranged systematically; "it does not pretend to be a catalogue of his achievements"
subtype: card_catalog__card_catalogue an enumeration of all the resources of a library
subtype: parts_catalog__partscatalog__parts_catalogue__partscatalogue a list advertising parts for machinery along with prices
subtype: seed_catalog__seed_catalogue a list advertising seeds and their prices
subtype: character_set__characterset an ordered list of characters that are used together in writing or printing
subtype: alphabet a character set that includes letters
subtype: phonetic_alphabet__sound_alphabet__soundalphabet an alphabet of characters intended to represent specific sounds of speech
subtype: visible_speech.phonetic_alphabet__visiblespeech a phonetic alphabet invented by Alexander Melville Bell in the 19th century
subtype: manual_alphabet__finger_alphabet an alphabet used by the deaf; letters are represented by finger positions
instance: Roman_alphabet Hebrew_alphabet__Hebraic_alphabet__Aramaic_alphabet Greek_alphabet Cyrillic_alphabet__Cyrillic Arabic_alphabet
subtype: alphanumerics__alphanumeric a character set that includes letters and digits and punctuation marks
instance: ASCII_character_set
subtype: checklist a list of items (names or tasks etc.) to be checked or consulted
subtype: class_list__classlist__honours_list__honourslist (British) a list issued by examiners that categorizes students according to the class of honours they achieved in their degree examinations
subtype: codex.listing an official list of chemicals or medicines etc.
subtype: table_of_contents__contents a list of divisions (chapters or articles) and the pages on which they start
subtype: corrigenda a list of printing errors in a book along with their corrections
subtype: criminal_record__record a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted; "he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court"; "the prostitute had a record a mile long"
subtype: directory.listing (computer science) a listing of the files stored in memory (usually on a hard disk)
subtype: subdirectory (computer science) a directory that is listed in another directory
subtype: distribution_list list of names to whom a communication should be sent
subtype: enumeration__numbering a numbered list
subtype: free_list a list of commodities that are not subject to tariffs
subtype: grocery_list.listing__grocerylist__shoppinglist a list of heterogenous items that someone wants; "the union came to the table with a whole grocery list of demands"
subtype: hit_list__hitlist a list of victims to be eliminated (as by murder)
subtype: index.listing an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
subtype: concordance an index of all main words in a book along with their immediate contexts
subtype: key.listing a list of words or phrases that explain symbols or abbreviations
subtype: key_word.key__keyword a word that is used as a pattern to decode an encrypted message
subtype: stock_list__stocklist__inventory a detailed list of all the items in stock
subtype: parts_inventory__partsinventory an inventory of replacement parts
subtype: mailing_list__mailinglist a list of names and addresses to which advertising material is mailed
subtype: IS_mailing_list
subtype: KM_mailing_list
subtype: CG_mailing_list
subtype: FCA_mailing_list
subtype: computer_menu__menu (computer science) a list of options available to a computer user
subtype: hierarchical_menu__cascading_menu__cascadingmenu__submenu (computer science) a secondary menu that appears while you are holding the cursor over an item on the primary menu
subtype: necrology a list of people who died recently
subtype: portfolio.listing a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution
subtype: posting (bookkeeping) a listing on the company's records; "the posting was made in the cash account"
subtype: price_list__pricelist a listing of prices for different goods or services
subtype: push-down_list__push-down_stack__stack a list in which the next item to be removed is the item most recently stored (LIFO)
subtype: queue.listing (information processing) an ordered list of tasks to be performed or messages to be transmitted
subtype: push-down_queue a last-in first-out kind of queue (LIFO)
subtype: roster__roll a list of names; "his name was struck off the rolls"
subtype: batting_order__battingorder__card__lineup (baseball) a list of batters in the order in which they will bat; "the managers presented their cards to the umpire at home plate"
subtype: death-roll__deathroll a list of persons killed in a war or other disaster
subtype: muster_roll a list of names of officers and men in a military unit or ship's company
subtype: church_roll a list of the members of church
subtype: rota (British) a roster of names showing the order in which people should perform certain duties
subtype: waiting_list__waitinglist a roster of those waiting to obtain something
subtype: schedule an ordered list of times at which things are planned to occur
subtype: network_programming the schedule of programs to be broadcast on a network
subtype: timetable.schedule a schedule of times of arrivals and departures
subtype: timetable a schedule listing events and the times at which they will take place
subtype: shopping_list a list of items to be purchased
subtype: grocery_list__grocerylist a list of groceries to be purchased
subtype: short_list__shortlist (British) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen
subtype: sick_list a list of those who are ill (e.g. on a warship or in a regiment etc)
subtype: slate.listing a list of candidates to be considered for nomination or election to public offices
subtype: wish_list a list of events that you wish would occur
subtype: electronic_database__on-line_database__computer_database__electronic_information_service (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers
subtype: relational_database a database in which relations between information items are explicitly specified as accessible attributes; "in a relational database the data are organized as a number of differently sized tables"
subtype: Medical_Literature_Analysis_and_Retrieval_System__MEDLARS relational database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine for the storage and retrieval of bibliographical information concerning the biomedical literature
subtype: object-oriented_database a database in which the operations carried out on information items (data objects) are considered part of their definition
subtype: lexical_database__lexicaldatabase a database of information about words
subtype: machine_readable_dictionary__MRD__electronic_dictionary a machine-readable version of a standard dictionary; organized alphabetically
subtype: WordNet (trademark) a machine-readable lexical database organized by meanings; developed at Princeton University
subtype: wordnet any of the machine-readable lexical databases modeled after the Princeton WordNet
subtype: subdata_base__subdatabase a subset of data in a database that are used in a specific application
subtype: tidings__tiding__news__intelligence__word new information about specific and timely events; "they awaited news of the outcome"
subtype: good_word good news
subtype: update news that updates your information
subtype: news new information of any kind; "it was news to me"
subtype: nuts_and_bolts detailed practical information about how something works or how something can be accomplished
subtype: intelligence.info secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy); "we sent out planes to gather intelligence on their radar coverage"
subtype: confirmation information that confirms or verifies
subtype: reinforcement__reenforcement information that makes more forcible or convincing; "his gestures provided eloquent reinforcement for his complaints"
subtype: corroboration__documentation__certification confirmation that some fact or statement is true
subtype: insider_information__insiderinformation important information about the plans or condition of a corporation that has not been released to the public; use for personal profit is illegal
subtype: arcanum__secret information known only to a special group; "the secret of Cajun cooking"
subtype: esoterica secrets known only to an initiated minority
subtype: cabala__cabbala__cabbalah__kabala__kabbala__kabbalah an esoteric or occult matter that is traditionally secret
subtype: password__watchword__word__parole__countersign a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group; "he forgot the password"
subtype: secret something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on); "the combination to the safe was a secret"; "he tried to keep his drinking a secret"
subtype: confidence.secret a secret that is confided or entrusted to another; "everyone trusted him with their confidences"; "the priest could not reveal her confidences"
subtype: open_secret something that is supposed to be secret but is generally known; "their love affair was an open secret"
subtype: trade_secret__tradesecret a secret (method or device or formula) that gives a manufacturer an advantage over the competition
subtype: propaganda information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
subtype: agitprop political propaganda (especially Communist propaganda) communicated via art and literature and cinema
subtype: course_of_study__program__curriculum__syllabus a course of academic studies; "he was admitted to a new program at the university"
subtype: reading_program a program designed to teach literacy skills
subtype: degree_program a course of study leading to an academic degree
subtype: news.info information reported in a newspaper or news magazine; "the news of my death was greatly exaggerated"
subtype: business_news news about businesses and investments
subtype: news_report__report__story__write_up__writeup a short account of the news; "the report of his speech"; "the story was on the 11 o'clock news"; "the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious"
subtype: newsletter__newssheet report or open letter giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group
subtype: market_letter a newsletter written by an analyst of the stock market and sold to subscribers
subtype: bulletin a brief report especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast
subtype: news_bulletin__newsflash__flash a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story
subtype: information_bulletin__informationbulletin a bulletin containing the latest information
subtype: communique__dispatch__despatch an official report (usually sent in haste)
subtype: exclusive__scoop a news report that is reported first by one news organization; "he got a scoop on the bribery of city officials"
subtype: newscast a broadcast of news
subtype: radio_news a radio broadcast of news
subtype: television_news a television broadcast of news
subtype: reporting__coverage__reportage the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio of television; "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations"
subtype: stop_press late news that is inserted into the newspaper at the last minute
subtype: evidence.info (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
subtype: exhibit an object or statement produced before a court of law and referred to while giving evidence
subtype: testimony a solemn statement made under oath
subtype: witness.testimony testimony by word or deed to your religious faith
subtype: declaration.testimony unsworn statement in a legal transaction
subtype: affidavit__attestation written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath
subtype: corpus_delicti the body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim)
subtype: direct_evidence evidence (usually the testimony of a witness) directly related to the fact in dispute
subtype: circumstantial_evidence__indirect_evidence evidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute
subtype: corroborating_evidence__corroboratingevidence additional evidence or evidence of different kind that supports a proof already offered in a proceeding
subtype: hearsay_evidence__hearsayevidence evidence based on what someone has told the witness and not of direct knowledge
subtype: state's_evidence__state'sevidence evidence for the prosecution in criminal proceedings
subtype: tabular_matter__tabularmatter__tabulation information set out in tabular form
subtype: report__study a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
subtype: case_study.report__casestudy a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
subtype: white_book__whitebook__white_paper__whitepaper a government report; bound in white
subtype: blue_book.report__bluebook a report published by the British government; bound in blue
subtype: progress_report__progressreport a report of work accomplished during a specified time period
subtype: medical_report__medicalreport a report of the results of a medical examination of a patient
subtype: PhD_thesis
subtype: stuff.info information in some unspecified form; "it was stuff I had heard before"; "there's good stuff in that book"
subtype: report_card__report a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment; "his father signed his report card"
subtype: publication a printed work offered for distribution
subtype: reissue__reprint__reprinting a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale
subtype: new_edition__newedition a publication (such as a book) that has been modified or updated and offered again for sale
subtype: book a copy of a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together); "I am reading a good book on economics"
subtype: authority.book an authoritative written work; "this book is the final authority on the life of Milton"
subtype: last_word an authoritative statement; "my doctor has the last word on the medicines I take"
subtype: trade_book__tradebook__tradeedition a book intended for general readership
subtype: best_seller a book that has had a large and rapid sale
subtype: bestiary a medieval book (usually illustrated) with allegorical and amusing descriptions of real and fabled animals
subtype: catechism.book an elementary book summarizing the principles of a Christian religion; written as questions and answers
subtype: tome a (usually) large and scholarly book
subtype: booklet__brochure__folder__leaflet__pamphlet a small book usually having a paper cover
subtype: blue_book a blue-covered booklet used in universities for writing examinations
subtype: ticket_book a book of tickets that can be torn out and used
subtype: textbook__text__text_edition__schoolbook__school_text a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; "his economics textbook is in its tenth edition"; "the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy"
subtype: crammer a textbook designed for cramming
subtype: introduction.textbook a basic or elementary instructional text
subtype: primer an introductory textbook
subtype: speller an introductory textbook to teach spelling
subtype: reader.textbook one of a series of texts for students learning to read
subtype: McGuffey_Eclectic_Readers readers that combined lessons in reading with moralistic messages
subtype: workbook a student's book or booklet containing problems with spaces for solving them
subtype: copybook a book containing models of good penmanship; used in teaching penmanship
subtype: appointment_book__appointmentbook__appointment_calendar__appointmentcalendar a book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointments
subtype: catalog__catalogue a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things; "he found it in the Sears catalog"
subtype: course_catalog__course_catalogue__prospectus a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university
subtype: phrase_book a book containing common expressions in a foreign language along with their translations
subtype: prayer_book__prayerbook a book containing prayers
subtype: breviary (Roman Catholic Church) a book of prayers to be recited daily certain priests and members of religious orders
subtype: missal (Roman Catholic Church) a book containing all the prayers and responses needed to celebrate Mass throughout the year
subtype: Psalter__Book_of_Psalms a collection of Psalms for liturgical use
subtype: reference_book__referencebook__reference__reference_work__referencework__book_of_facts a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts; "he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic"
subtype: cookbook__cookery_book__cookerybook a book of recipes and cooking directions
subtype: instruction_book__instructionbook a book of directions for using or operating some piece of equipment
subtype: source_book a collection of historically important documents published together as a book
subtype: wordbook a reference book containing words (usually with their meanings)
subtype: dictionary__lexicon a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them
subtype: bilingual_dictionary__bilingualdictionary a dictionary giving equivalent words in two languages
subtype: desk_dictionary__deskdictionary__collegiate_dictionary an abridged dictionary of a size convenient to hold in the hand
subtype: etymological_dictionary a dictionary giving the historical origins of each word
subtype: gazetteer a geographical dictionary (as at the back of an atlas)
subtype: learner's_dictionary__learner'sdictionary__schooldictionary a dictionary specially written for those learning a foreign language
subtype: pocket_dictionary__little_dictionary a dictionary that is small enough to carry in your pocket
subtype: spell-checker__spellchecker__spelling_checker an electronic dictionary in a word processor that can be used to catch misspelled words
subtype: unabridged_dictionary a dictionary that is claimed to be complete
subtype: Oxford_English_Dictionary__O.E.D.__OED an unabridged dictionary constructed on historical principles
subtype: onomasticon a list of proper nouns naming persons or places
subtype: vocabulary a listing of the words used in some enterprise
subtype: glossary__gloss__glos an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field
subtype: thesaurus__thesauru__synonym_finder__synonymfinder a book containing a classified list of synonyms
subtype: word_finder a thesaurus organized to help you find the word you want but cannot think of
subtype: handbook__enchiridion__vade_mecum a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location
subtype: manual a small handbook
subtype: consuetudinary__consuetudinal a manual describing the customs of a particular group (especially the ceremonial practices of a monastic order)
subtype: grimoire a manual of black magic (for invoking spirits and demons)
subtype: instruction_manual__instructionmanual__instructions__book_of_instructions__operating_instructions a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it
subtype: reference_manual__referencemanual a manual containing information organized in a summary manner
subtype: sex_manual__sexmanual a manual containing instruction in sexual techniques; intended to enhance the reader's sexual life
subtype: bible a book regarded as authoritative in its field
subtype: guidebook__guide something that offers basic information or instruction
subtype: field_guide a guidebook describing natural objects of some type that might be encountered in the field; "a field guide to mushrooms"
subtype: roadbook a guidebook describing the roads of a country; contains maps and (sometimes) a gazetteer
subtype: travel_guidebook__itinerary a guidebook for travelers
subtype: baedeker any of a series of travel guidebooks published by the German firm founded by Karl Baedeker
subtype: directory an alphabetical list of names and addresses
subtype: phonebook__telephonebook__telephone_directory__telephonedirectory a directory containing an alphabetical list of telephone subscribers and their telephone numbers
subtype: Yellow_Pages__yellow_pages a telephone directory or section of a directory (usually printed on yellow paper) where business products and services are listed alphabetically by field along with classified advertising
subtype: blue_book.directory__bluebook a register of persons who are socially prominent
subtype: yearbook__annual a reference book that is published regularly once every year
subtype: almanac an annual publication containing tabular information in a particular field or fields arranged according to the calendar of a given year
subtype: farmer's_calendar__almanac an annual publication including weather forecasts and other miscellaneous information arranged according to the calendar of a given year
subtype: ephemeris__ephemeri an annual publication containing tables that give the positions of the celestial bodies throughout the year; "today computers calculate the ephemerides"
subtype: atlas__atla__book_of_maps__map_collection__mapcollection a collection of maps in book form
subtype: dialect_atlas__dialectatla__linguisticatla an atlas showing the distribution of distinctive linguistic features
subtype: encyclopedia__cyclopedia__encyclopaedia__cyclopaedia a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty
subtype: book_of_knowledge an elementary encyclopedia dealing with general knowledge
subtype: review_copy a copy of a newly published book that is sent for review to a writer or periodical
subtype: songbook a book containing a collection of songs
subtype: hymnal__hymnbook__hymnary a songbook containing a collection of hymns
subtype: Das_Kapital__Capital a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories
instance: New_Latin_Utopia__Utopia
subtype: volume.publication a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
subtype: read something that is read; "the article was a very good read"
subtype: impression.publication__printing all the copies of a work printed at one time; "they ran off an initial printing of 2000 copies"
subtype: edition the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
subtype: limited_edition__limitededition an edition that is restricted to a specific number of copies
subtype: variorum_edition__variorum an edition containing various versions of a text or notes by various scholars or editors
subtype: test_copy__proof (printing) a trial impression made to check for errors
subtype: galley_proof a proof taken before the type is broken up to print pages
subtype: foundry_proof__foundryproof a proof taken from a form before duplicate plates are made
subtype: mackle a printed impression that is blurred or doubled
subtype: collection__compendium a publication containing a variety of works
subtype: anthology a collection of selected literary passages
subtype: divan.anthology__diwan a collection of Persian or Arabic poems (usually by one author)
subtype: florilegium__garland an anthology of short literary pieces and poems and ballads etc.
subtype: archives collection of records especially about an institution
subtype: compilation__digest something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)
subtype: periodical a publication that appears at fixed intervals
subtype: digest a periodical that summarizes the news
subtype: pictorial a periodical (magazine or newspaper) containing many pictures
subtype: serial_publication__series__serial a periodical that appears at scheduled times
subtype: monthly a periodical that is published every month
subtype: quarterly a periodical that is published every quarter
subtype: weekly a periodical that is published every week
subtype: organ.periodical a periodical that is published by a special interest group; "the organ of the communist party"
subtype: house_organ a periodical published by a business firm for its employees and customers
subtype: issue.periodical__number one of a series published periodically; "she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waitingroom"
subtype: edition.issue an issue of a newspaper; "he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times"
subtype: journal a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; "he reads the medical journals"
subtype: annals reports of the work of a society or learned body etc
subtype: review.periodical a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art
subtype: literary_review a review devoted to literary criticism
subtype: dope_sheet__scratch_sheet__scratchsheet a racing publication giving information on horses
subtype: reference.publication__source a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to; "he carried an armful of references back to his desk"; "he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation"
subtype: article nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
subtype: newspaper_column__newspapercolumn__column__editorial an article giving opinions or perspectives
subtype: agony_column__agonycolumn a newspaper column devoted to personal problems
subtype: feature_article__featurearticle__feature a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine; "they ran a feature on retirement planning"
subtype: magazine_article an article published in a magazine
subtype: news_article__news_story__newspaper_article__newspaperarticle an article reporting news
subtype: lead_story__lead a news story of major importance
subtype: personal a short newspaper article about a particular person or group
subtype: sidebar a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story
subtype: offprint__reprint__separate a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication
subtype: paper.article a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses; "he has written many scientific papers"
subtype: counsel__guidance__counseling__counselling__direction direction or advice as to a decision or course of action
subtype: career_counseling counseling on career opportunities
subtype: genetic_counseling__geneticcounseling counseling to advise prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children
subtype: guideline guidance relative to setting standards or determining a course of action
subtype: marriage_counseling counseling on marital problems and disagreements
subtype: confidential_information__tip__steer__wind__hint an indication of potential opportunity; "he got a tip on the stock market"; "a good lead for a job"
subtype: commitment.subject_matter__dedication a message that makes a pledge
subtype: oath__swearing affirming the truth of a statement; to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury
subtype: Hippocratic_oath an oath taken by physicians to observe medical ethics deriving from Hippocrates
subtype: affirmation.commitment a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds)
subtype: profession.affirmation affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith; "a profession of Christianity"
subtype: assurance__pledge a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something: "an assurance of help when needed"; "signed a pledge never to reveal the secret"
subtype: warranty__guarantee__warrant a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications
subtype: security.warranty__surety a guarantee that an obligation will be met
subtype: deposit.warranty a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met
subtype: stock_warrant__stockwarrant a written certificate that gives the holder the right to purchase shares of a stock for a specified price within a specified period of time
subtype: guarantee a pledge that something will happen or that something is true; "there is no guarantee that they are not lying"
subtype: safety_net.guarantee__safetynet a guarantee of professional or financial security
subtype: plight__troth a solemn pledge of fidelity
subtype: vow a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner; "they took vows of poverty"
subtype: approval.subject_matter__commendation a message expressing a favorable opinion; "words of approval seldom passed his lips"
subtype: approbation official recognition or approval
subtype: countenance__endorsement__warrant formal and explicit approval
subtype: OK__okay__okey__okeh an endorsement; "they gave us the OK to go ahead"
subtype: visa an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it
subtype: nihil_obstat.countenance__nihilobstat the phrase used by the official censor of the Roman Catholic Church to say that a publication has been examined and contains nothing offensive to the Church
subtype: recognition.approval__credit approval; "give her recognition for trying"; "he was given credit for his work"; "it is to her credit that she tried"; "the credits were given at the end of the film"
subtype: commemoration__memorial__remembrance a recognition of meritorious service
subtype: epitaph.commemoration a summary statement of commemoration for a dead person
subtype: standing_ovation__ovation enthusiastic recognition (especially one accompanied by loud applause)
subtype: salute.recognition__salutation an act of honor or courteous recognition: "a musical salute to the composer on his birthday"
subtype: secret_approval__connivance__tacit_consent__tacitconsent (law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing
subtype: permission approval to do something; "he asked permission to leave"
subtype: authorization__authority__authorisation__sanction official permission or approval; "authority for the program was renewed several times"
subtype: consent permission to do something; "he indicated his consent"
subtype: informed_consent consent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved
subtype: dismissal permission to go; the sending away of someone
subtype: leave permission to do something; "she was granted leave to speak"
subtype: laissez_passer__laissezpasser__pass a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions; "the media representatives had special passes"
subtype: boarding_card__boarding_pass a pass that allows you to board a ship or plane
subtype: hall_pass written permission from a teacher for a student to be out the classroom and in the halls of the school
subtype: ticket-of-leave a permit formerly given to convicts allowing them to leave prison under specific restrictions
subtype: pass.permission__passport any authorization to pass or go somewhere; "the pass to visit had a strict time limit"
subtype: safe-conduct__safeguard a document or escort providing safe passage through a region especially in time of war
subtype: all_clear__allclear permission to proceed because obstacles have been removed
subtype: encouragement the expression of approval and support
subtype: abetment__instigation the verbal act of urging on
subtype: cheering__shouting encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators; "it's all over but the shouting"
subtype: advancement__furtherance encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something
subtype: fostering__fosterage encouragement; aiding the development of something
subtype: goading__goad__prod__prodding__urging__spur__spurring a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something; "the ceaseless prodding got on his nerves"
subtype: provocation__incitement needed encouragement; "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"
subtype: subornation underhandedly or improperly inducing someone to do something improper or unlawful; "subornation of perjury is a crime"
subtype: vote_of_confidence an expression of approval and encouragement; "they gave the chairman a vote of confidence"
subtype: acclaim__acclamation__plaudits__plaudit__eclat enthusiastic approval; "the book met with modest acclaim"; "he acknowledged the plaudits of the crowd"; "they gave him more eclat than he really deserved"
subtype: applause__hand_clapping__clapping a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together
subtype: hand.applause a round of applause to signify approval; "give the little lady a great big hand"
subtype: handclap a clap of the hands to indicate approval
subtype: round.applause an outburst of applause; "there was a round of applause"
subtype: cheer a cry or shout of approval
subtype: banzai a Japanese cheer of enthusiasm or triumph
subtype: bravo a cry of approval as from an audience at the end of great performance
subtype: hurrah__hooray a victory cheer; "let's give the team a big hurrah"
subtype: salvo.cheer a sudden outburst of cheers; "there was a salvo of approval"
subtype: congratulations__congratulation__praise__kudos__kudo an expression of approval and commendation; "he always appreciated praise for his work"
subtype: superlative an exaggerated expression (usually of praise); "the critics lavished superlatives on it"
subtype: encomium__eulogy__panegyric__paean a formal expression of praise
subtype: recommendation.congratulations__testimonial__goodword something that recommends (or expresses commendation)
subtype: character_reference__character__reference a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability; "requests for character references are all to often answered evasively"
subtype: puff exaggerated praise (as for promotional purposes)
subtype: compliment a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration
subtype: trade-last__tradelast a compliment that I heard about you that I offer to trade for a compliment you have heard about me
subtype: flattery excessive or insincere praise
subtype: blandishment__cajolery__palaver flattery intended to persuade
subtype: blarney__coaxing__soft_soap__sweet_talk__sweettalk flattery designed to gain favor
subtype: smarm__unction__fulsomeness excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm
subtype: accolade__award__honor__honour__laurels__laurel a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction; "an award for bravery"
subtype: academic_degree__degree an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study; "he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude"
subtype: associate_degree__associatedegree__associate a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies
subtype: Associate_in_Arts__AA an associate degree in arts
subtype: Associate_in_Applied_Science__AAS an associate degree in applied science
subtype: Associate_in_Nursing__AN an associate degree in nursing
subtype: bachelor's_degree__baccalaureate an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts__BA__Artium_Baccalaurens__AB a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts_in_Library_Science__ABLS a bachelor's degree in library science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts_in_Nursing__BAN a bachelor's degree in nursing
subtype: Bachelor_of_Divinity__BD a bachelor's degree in religion
subtype: Bachelor_of_Literature__BLitt a bachelor's degree in literature
subtype: Bachelor_of_Medicine__MB (a British degree) a bachelor's degree in medicine
subtype: Bachelor_of_Music__BMus a bachelor's degree in music
subtype: Bachelor_of_Naval_Science__BNS a bachelor's degree in naval science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science__BS__SB a bachelor's degree in science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science_in_Architecture__BSArch a bachelor's degree in architecture
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science_in_Engineering a bachelor's degree in engineering
subtype: Bachelor_of_Theology__ThB a bachelor's degree in theology
subtype: honours_degree__honoursdegree__honours (Great Britain) a university degree with honors
subtype: first-class_honours_degree__firstclasshonoursdegree__first (Great Britain) an honours degree of the highest class
subtype: double_first (Great Britain) a first-class honours degree in two subjects
subtype: master's_degree__master'sdegree an academic degree higher than a bachelor's but lower than a doctor's
subtype: Master_of_Architecture__MArch a degree granted for the successful completion of advanced study of architecture
subtype: Master_of_Arts__MA__Artium_Magister__AM a master's degree in arts and sciences
subtype: Master_of_Arts_in_Library_Science__MALS a master's degree in library science
subtype: Master_of_Arts_in_Teaching__MAT a master's degree in teaching
subtype: Master_in_Business__MBA a master's degree in business
subtype: Master_of_Divinity__MDiv a master's degree in religion
subtype: Master_of_Education__MEd a master's degree in education
subtype: Master_of_Fine_Arts__MFA a master's degree in fine arts
subtype: Master_of_Literature__MLitt a master's degree in literature
subtype: Master_of_Library_Science__MLS a master's degree in library science
subtype: Master_in_Public_Affairs a master's degree in questions of public concern
subtype: Master_of_Science__MS__SM a master's degree in science
subtype: Master_of_Science_in_Engineering a master's degree in engineering
subtype: Master_of_Theology__ThM a master's degree in theology
subtype: doctor's_degree__doctorate one of the highest academic degrees conferred by a university
subtype: Doctor_of_Dental_Medicine__DMD a doctor's degree in dental medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Dental_Surgery__DDS a doctor's degree in dental surgery
subtype: Doctor_of_Divinity__DD a doctor's degree in religion
subtype: Doctor_of_Education__EdD__DEd a doctor's degree in education
subtype: Doctor_of_Medicine__MD a doctor's degree in medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Music__DMus__MusD a doctor's degree in music
subtype: Doctor_of_Musical_Arts__AMusD a doctor's degree in musical arts
subtype: Doctor_of_Optometry__OD a doctor's degree in optometry
subtype: Doctor_of_Osteopathy__DO doctor's degree in osteopathy
subtype: Doctor_of_Philosophy__PhD a doctorate awarded for original contributions to knowledge
subtype: American_PhD__PhD an American doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded by a graduate school
subtype: DPhil a British doctorate
subtype: Doctor_of_Public_Health__DPH a doctor's degree in preventive medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Theology__ThD a doctor's degree in theology
subtype: law_degree__lawdegree degree conferred on someone who successfully completes law school
subtype: Bachelor_of_Laws__LLB a three-year law degree
subtype: Master_of_Laws__LLM an advanced law degree
subtype: honorary_degree a degree conferred to honor the recipient
subtype: Doctor_of_Arts__ArtsD an honorary arts degree
subtype: Doctor_of_Fine_Arts an honorary degree in fine arts
subtype: Doctor_of_Humane_Letters an honorary degree in letters
subtype: Doctor_of_Humanities an honorary degree in the humanities
subtype: Doctor_of_Laws__LLD an honorary law degree
subtype: Doctor_of_Science__DS__ScD an honorary degree in science
subtype: pennant.accolade the award given to the champion
subtype: seal_of_approval__cachet__seal an indication of approved or superior status
subtype: commendation__citation an official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement
subtype: honorable_mention__honorablemention__mention an official recognition of merit; "although he didn't win the prize he did get special mention"
subtype: varsity_letter__varsityletter__letter an award earned by participation in a school sport; "he won letters in three sports"
subtype: laurel_wreath__decoration__medal__medallion__palm__ribbon an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event
subtype: Congressional_Medal_of_Honor__Medal_of_Honor the highest U.S. military decoration awarded for bravery and valor in action `above and beyond the call of duty'
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Medal a US military decoration for meritorious service in wartime duty of great responsibility
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Cross a US Army decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy
subtype: Navy_Cross a US Navy decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy
subtype: Distinguished_Flying_Cross a US Airforce decoration for heroism while participating in an aerial flight
subtype: Air_Medal a US Airforce decoration for meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight
subtype: Silver_Star_Medal__Silver_Star a US military decoration for gallantry in action
subtype: Bronze_Star_Medal__Bronze_Star a US military decoration awarded for meritorious service (except in aerial flight)
subtype: Order_of_the_Purple_Heart__Purple_Heart a US military decoration awarded to any member of the armed forces who is wounded in action
subtype: Victoria_Cross a British military decoration for gallantry
subtype: Distinguished_Conduct_Medal a British military decoration for distinguished conduct in the field
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Order a British military decoration for special service in action
subtype: Croix_de_Guerre a French military decoration for gallantry
subtype: Medaille_Militaire a French military decoration
subtype: trophy an award for success in war or hunting
subtype: Emmy an annual award for outstanding achievements in television
subtype: Nobel_prize an annual award for outstanding contributions to chemistry or physics or physiology and medicine or literature or economics or peace
subtype: Oscar an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance
subtype: Prix_de_Rome an annual prize awarded by the French government in a competition of painters and artists and sculptors and musicians and architects; the winner in each category receives support for a period of study in Rome
subtype: Prix_Goncourt an award given annually for contributions to French literature
subtype: tribute.approval__testimonial something given or done as an expression of esteem
subtype: disapproval.subject_matter the expression of disapproval
subtype: disapprobation__condemnation an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable; "his uncompromising condemnation of racism"
subtype: animadversion__censure harsh criticism or disapproval
subtype: interdict an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district
subtype: demonization to represent as diabolically evil; "the demonization of our enemies"
subtype: unfavorable_judgment__unfavorablejudgment__criticism disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings; "the senator received severe criticism from his opponent"
subtype: brickbat blunt criticism
subtype: faultfinding__carping persistent petty and unjustified criticism
subtype: flak__fire__attack__flack__blast intense adverse criticism; "Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party"; "the government has come under attack"; "don't give me any flak"
subtype: thrust verbal criticism; "he enlivened his editorials with barbed thrusts at politicians"
subtype: potshot.unfavorable_judgment criticism aimed at an easy target and made without careful consideration; "reporters took potshots at the mayor"
subtype: rebuke__reproof__reproval__reprehension__reprimand an act or expression of criticism and censure; "he had to take the rebuke with a smile on his face"
subtype: riot_act a vigorous reprimand; "I read him the riot act"
subtype: chiding__scolding__objurgation rebuking a person harshly
subtype: wigging__wig British slang for a scolding
subtype: what_for a strong reprimand
subtype: castigation__earful__bawling_out__bawlingout__chewing_out__upbraiding__going-over__goingover__dressing_down a severe scolding
subtype: berating__blowing_up__blowingup a severe rebuke; "he deserved the berating that the coach gave him"
subtype: reproach a mild rebuke or criticism; "words of reproach"
subtype: self-reproach__self-reproof the act of blaming yourself
subtype: blame__rap a reproach for some lapse or misdeed; "he took the blame for it"; "it was a bum rap"
subtype: lecture__speech__talking_to__talkingto a lengthy rebuke; "a good lecture was my father's idea of discipline"; "the teacher gave him a talking to"
subtype: sermon__preaching a moralistic rebuke; "your preaching is wasted on him"
subtype: curtain_lecture__curtainlecture a private lecture to a husband by his wife
subtype: chastening__correction__chastisement a rebuke for making a mistake
subtype: admonishment__admonition__monition a firm rebuke
subtype: slating.unfavorable_judgment a severely critical attack; "the reviewers gave his book a sound slating"
subtype: stricture severe criticism
subtype: discouragement.disapproval the expression of opposition and disapproval
subtype: disheartenment a communication that leaves you disheartened or daunted
subtype: dissuasion.discouragement a communication that dissuades you
subtype: determent__deterrence__intimidation a communication that makes you afraid to try something
subtype: respects (often used with `pay') a formal expression of esteem; "he paid his respects to the mayor"
subtype: discourtesy__disrespect an expression of lack of respect
subtype: abuse__insult__revilement__contumely a rude expression intended to offend or hurt; "when a student made a stupid mistake he spared them no abuse"; "they yelled insults at the visiting team"
subtype: low_blow__lowblow unscrupulous abuse
subtype: scurrility__billingsgate foul-mouthed or obscene abuse
subtype: stinger.abuse__cut a remark capable of wounding mentally; "the unkindest cut of all"
subtype: vituperation__invective__vitriol the expression of bitter deep-seated ill will; rancor
subtype: derision.discourtesy contemptuous laughter
subtype: jeer__jeering__mockery__scoffing showing your contempt by derision
subtype: put-down__putdown__squelch__squelcher__takedown (informal) a crushing remark
subtype: befooling__stultification derision of someone or something as foolish or absurd or inconsistent
subtype: ridicule language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate
subtype: scorn__contempt open disrespect for a person or thing
subtype: sneer.scorn__leer a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls
subtype: sneer a contemptuous or scornful remark
subtype: disparagement__depreciation__derogation a communication that belittles somebody or something
subtype: denigration__belittling a belittling comment
subtype: aspersion__slur a disparaging remark
subtype: petty_criticism__pettycriticism__detraction a petty disparagement
subtype: sour_grapes disparagement of something that is unattainable
subtype: condescension__disdain__patronage a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient
subtype: calumny__defamation__obloquy__hatchet_job__hatchetjob a malicious attack
subtype: character_assassination__characterassassination__assassination an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation
subtype: vilification__smear__malignment slanderous defamation
subtype: libel a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person
subtype: slander words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another
subtype: mud slanderous remarks or charges
subtype: name_calling__names__name verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
subtype: name.calumny__epithet a defamatory or abusive word or phrase; "sticks and stones may break my bones but names can never hurt me"
subtype: smear_word__smearword an epithet that can be used to smear someone's reputation; "he used the smear word `communist' for everyone who disagreed with him"
subtype: impudence__cheek__impertinence an impudent statement
subtype: blasphemy blasphemous language (expressing disrespect for God or for something sacred)
subtype: statement a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day"
subtype: amendment.statement a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)
subtype: First_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of free expression; includes freedom of assembly and freedom of the press and freedom of religion and freedom of speech
subtype: Fifth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes; mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy
subtype: Fourteenth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal government
subtype: Eighteenth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920; prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages; repealed in 1932
subtype: Twentieth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United State adopted in 1920; guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex
subtype: thing.statement a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
subtype: true_statement__truth a true statement; "he told the truth"; "he thought of answering with the truth but he knew they wouldn't believe it"
subtype: gospel_truth__gospel an unquestionable truth; "his word was gospel"
subtype: tautology.true_statement (logic) a statement that is necessarily true; "the statement `he is brave or he is not brave' is a tautology"
subtype: truism an obvious truth
subtype: platitude__cliche__banality__commonplace__bromide a trite or obvious remark
subtype: verbal_description__description a statement that represents something in words
subtype: job_description description of the responsibilities associated with a given job
subtype: spec__specification a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work
subtype: computer_architecture the art of assembling logical elements into a computing device; the specification of the relation between parts of a computer system
subtype: neural_net__neural_network computer architecture in which processors are connected in a manner suggestive of connections between neurons; can learn by trial and error
subtype: network_architecture__networkarchitecture specification of design principles (including data formats and procedures) for creating a network configuration of data processors
subtype: word_picture__word-painting__delineation__depiction__picture__characterization__characterisation a graphic or vivid verbal description; "too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures"; "the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland"
subtype: epithet descriptive word or phrase
subtype: portrayal.word_picture__portraiture__portrait a word picture of a person's appearance and character
subtype: declaration emphatic or explicit statement
subtype: proclamation__announcement__annunciation a formal public statement; "the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war"
subtype: promulgation the official announcement of a new law or ordinance whereby the law or ordinance is put into effect
subtype: manifesto__pronunciamento a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)
subtype: Communist_manifesto a socialist manifesto written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views
subtype: pronouncement__dictum__say-so__sayso an authoritative declaration
subtype: directive a pronouncement encouraging or banning some activity; "the boss loves to send us directives"
subtype: averment__assertion__asseveration a declaration that is made as if no supporting evidence were necessary
subtype: assertion_of_a_right__claim an assertion of a right (as to money or property); "his claim asked for damages"
subtype: pretension the advancing of a claim; "his pretension to the crown"; "the town still puts forward pretensions as a famous resort"
subtype: claim.averment an assertion that something is true or factual; "his claim that he was innocent"; "evidence contradicted the government's claims"
subtype: allegement__allegation statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact
subtype: bill_of_Particulars the particular events to be dealt with in a criminal trial; advises the defendant and the court of the facts the defendant will be required to meet
subtype: pleading (law) an allegation in legal form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding
subtype: affirmative_pleading__affirmativepleading any defensive pleading that affirms facts rather than merely denying the facts alleged by the plaintiff
subtype: alternative_pleading__alternativepleading__pleading_in_the_alternative a pleading that alleges facts so separate that it is difficult to determine which facts the person intends to rely on
subtype: answer.pleading the principle pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
subtype: evasive_answer__evasiveanswer (law) an answer by a defendant that fails to admit or deny the allegations set forth in the complaint
subtype: nolo_contendere__non_vult__nonvult (criminal law) an answer of `no contest' by a defendant who does not admit guilt but that subjects him to conviction
subtype: plea.answer (law) a defendant's answer by a factual matter (as distinguished from a demurrer)
subtype: dilatory_plea a plea that delays the action without settling the cause of action; it can challenge the jurisdiction or claim disability of the defendant etc. (such defenses are usually raised in the defendant's answer)
subtype: insanity_plea__plea_of_insanity (criminal law) a plea in which the defendant claims innocence due to mental incompetence at the time
subtype: charge.pleading__complaint (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense; "he was arrested on a charge of larceny"
subtype: accusal__accusation a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt
subtype: self-accusation__self-condemnation an admission that you have failed to do or be something you know you should do or be
subtype: recrimination mutual accusations
subtype: allegation a formal accusation against somebody
subtype: grievance.allegation an allegation that something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right or causes injustice
subtype: lodgment__lodgement bringing a charge or accusation against someone
subtype: plaint a written statement of the grounds of complaint made to court law asking for the grievance to be redressed
subtype: imprecation a slanderous accusation
subtype: imputation.accusal a statement attributing something dishonest (especially a criminal offense); "he denied the imputation"
subtype: indictment an accusation of wrongdoing; "the book is an indictment of modern philosophy"
subtype: information.accusal formal accusation of a crime
subtype: preferment.accusal the act of making accusations; "preferment of charges"
subtype: incrimination__inculpation__blame an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed; "his incrimination was based on my testimony"; "the police laid the blame on on the driver"
subtype: self-incrimination an accusation that incriminates yourself
subtype: implication a charge that implicates someone (usually of wrongdoing)
subtype: unspoken_accusation__veiled_accusation an accusation that is understood without needing to be spoken
subtype: insinuation__innuendo an indirect (and usually malicious) implication
subtype: complaint.pleading (civil law) the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based
subtype: defective_pleading__defectivepleading any pleading that fails to conform in form or substance to minimum standards of accuracy or sufficiency
subtype: demurrer (law) any pleading that attacks the legal sufficiency of the opponent's pleadings
subtype: rebutter__rebuttal (law) a pleading by the defendant in reply to a plaintiff's surrejoinder
subtype: replication (law) a pleading made by a plaintiff in reply to the defendant's plea or answer
subtype: rejoinder ( law) a pleading made by a defendant in response to the plaintiff's replication
subtype: special_pleading__specialpleading (law) a pleading that alleges new facts in avoidance of the opposing allegations
subtype: surrebutter__surrebuttal (law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rebutter
subtype: surrejoinder ( law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rejoinder
subtype: accusation__charge an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence; "the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving"
subtype: contention a point asserted as part of an argument
subtype: ipse_dixit__ipsedixitism an unsupported dogmatic assertion
subtype: avowal__affirmation a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something
subtype: professing__profession an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion; "a profession of disagreement"
subtype: affirmative a reply of affirmation; "he answered in the affirmative"
subtype: yes__ye an affirmative; "I was hoping for a yes"
subtype: yea an affirmative; "The yeas have it"
subtype: double_negative.affirmative__doublenegative an affirmative constructed from two negatives; "A not unwelcome outcome"
subtype: testimony.averment an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact; "according to his own testimony he can't do it"
subtype: denial.averment an assertion that something alleged is not true
subtype: negation.denial the speech act of negating
subtype: contradiction.negation the speech act of contradicting someone; "he spoke as if he thought his claims were immune to contradiction"
subtype: cancellation.negation the act of revoking or annulling or making void
subtype: protestation a strong declaration of protest
subtype: postulation__predication a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument
subtype: threat.declaration declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another; "his threat to kill me was quite explicit"
subtype: commination.threat a threat of divine punishment or vengeance
subtype: menace a threat or the act of threatening; "he spoke with desperate menace"
subtype: bid.declaration__bidding (bridge) the number of tricks a bridge player is willing to contract to make
subtype: contract.bid (bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make
subtype: takeout (bridge) a bid that asks your partner to bid another suit
subtype: overcall__overbid (bridge) a bid that is higher than your opponent's bid (especially when your partner has not bid at all and your bid exceeds the value of your hand)
subtype: preemptive_bid a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding
subtype: Bill_of_Rights a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the US Constitution)
subtype: formula.statement a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principle
subtype: mathematical_statement a statement of a mathematical relation
subtype: equation a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
subtype: regression_equation__regression_of_y_on_x the equation representing the relation between selected values of one variable (x) and observed values of the other (y); it permits the prediction of the most probable values of y
subtype: linear_equation a polynomial equation of the first degree
subtype: quadratic_equation__quadraticequation__quadratic an equation in which the highest power of an unknown quantity is a square
subtype: biquadratic_equation__biquadraticequation__biquadratic and equation of the fourth degree
subtype: differential_equation an equation containing differentials of a function
subtype: Maxwell's_equations four differential equations that summarize classical properties of electromagnetic fields
subtype: partial_differential_equation a differential equation involving a functions of more than one variable
subtype: Schrodinger_equation__Schrodinger_wave_equation the fundamental equation of wave mechanics
subtype: wave_equation a differential equation that describes the passage of harmonic waves through a medium
subtype: exponential_equation__exponentialequation an equation involving exponential functions of a variable
subtype: formula__expression a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
subtype: sentential_function formal expression containing variables; becomes a sentence when variables are replaced by constants
subtype: primitive.formula a mathematical expression from which another expression is derived
subtype: exponential_expression__exponentialexpression a mathematical expression consisting of the constant e raised to some power
subtype: word.statement a brief statement; "he didn't say a word about it"
subtype: explanation.statement__account a statement that explains; "he launched into a detailed explanation"; "he demanded that I give an account for my failure"
subtype: rationale__principle an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature; "the principles of internal-combustion engines"
subtype: dialectics a rationale for dialectical materialism based on change through the conflict of opposing forces
subtype: key.explanation something crucial for explaining; "the key to development is economic integration"
subtype: natural_history__naturalhistory the systematic account of natural phenomena
subtype: raison_d'etre.rationalization__raisond'etre ('<' #rationalization.explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ reason for being
subtype: accounting.explanation a convincing explanation that reveals basic causes; "he was unable to give a clear accounting for his actions"
subtype: reason an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon; "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"
subtype: justification.explanation a statement in explanation of some action or belief
subtype: cause.justification__reason__grounds a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice"
subtype: vindication__defense the justification for some act or belief; "he offered a persuasive defense of the theory"
subtype: apologia__apology a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly
subtype: alibi (law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question
subtype: self-justification__excuse__alibi a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.; "he kept finding excuses to stay"; "every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job"; "his transparent self-justification was unacceptable"
subtype: exposition an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse; "we would have understood the play better if there had been some initial exposition of the background"
subtype: explication an explanation of the meaning of something
subtype: gloss__glos an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text
subtype: deriving__derivation__etymologizing (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase
subtype: definition a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol
subtype: contextual_definition a definition in which the term is used by embedding it in a larger expression containing its explanation; for example, "legal duty" might be defined contextually: "X has a legal duty to do Y means that X is required to do Y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law"
subtype: dictionary_definition a definition that reports the standard uses of a word or phrase or symbol
subtype: explicit_definition a definition that gives an exact equivalent of the term defined
subtype: ostensive_definition__ostensivedefinition a definition that points out or exhibits instances of the term defined
subtype: recursive_definition__recursivedefinition (mathematics) a definition of a function from which values of the function can be calculated in a finite number of steps
subtype: redefinition the act of giving a new definition; "words like `conservative' require periodic redefinition"; "she provided a redefinition of his duties"
subtype: stipulative_definition__stipulativedefinition a definition that is stipulated by someone and that is not a standard usage
subtype: formal_definition
subtype: informal_definition
subtype: partial_definition__partialdefinition
subtype: total_definition__totaldefinition
subtype: category_definition
subtype: interpretation an explanation resulting from interpreting something
subtype: expounding__exposition a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic
subtype: philosophizing the exposition (often superficially) of a particular philosophy
subtype: moralizing the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code; "his constant moralizing drove me mad"
subtype: construal an interpretation of the meaning of something; the act of construing
subtype: elucidation an interpretation that removes obstacles to understanding; "the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook"
subtype: disambiguation clarification that removes ambiguity
subtype: lexical_disambiguation__lexicaldisambiguation disambiguation of the sense of a polysemous word
subtype: exegesis an explanation or critical interpretation (especially of the Bible)
subtype: expansion.interpretation__enlargement__elaboration an interpretation that provides additional information
subtype: embroidery__embellishment elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail; "the mystery has been heightened by many embellishments in subsequent retellings"
subtype: literal_interpretation__literalinterpretation an interpretation based on the exact wording
subtype: letter a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention); "he followed instructions to the letter"; "he obeyed the letter of the law"
subtype: version an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint; "his version of the fight was different from mine"
subtype: approximation an imprecise or incomplete account; "newspapers gave only an approximation of the actual events"
subtype: reading.interpretation a particular interpretation or performance; "on that reading it was an insult"; "he was famous for his reading of Mozart"
subtype: construction.interpretation__twist an interpretation of a text or action; "they put an unsympathetic construction on his conduct"
subtype: reconstruction.interpretation an interpretation formed by piecing together bits of evidence
subtype: popularization__popularisation an interpretation that easily understandable and acceptable
subtype: misinterpretation__misunderstanding__mistaking putting the wrong interpretation on; "his misinterpretation of the question caused his error"; "there was no mistaking her meaning"
subtype: imbroglio a very embarrassing misunderstanding
subtype: misconstrual__misconstruction a kind of misinterpretation resulting from putting a wrong construction on words or actions (often deliberately)
subtype: misreading misinterpretation caused by inaccurate reading
subtype: value_statement a statement of the desirability of something
subtype: representation.statement a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting; "certain representations were made concerning police brutality"
subtype: solution__result__answer__resolution__solvent a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; "they were trying to find a peaceful solution"; "the answers were in the back of the book"; "he computed the result to four decimal places"
subtype: denouement.result the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work
subtype: answer.statement__reply__response a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; "I waited several days for his answer"; "he wrote replies to several of his critics"
subtype: rescript a reply by a Pope to an inquiry concerning a point of law or morality
subtype: feedback response to an inquiry or experiment
subtype: announcement__promulgation a public statement about something that is happening or going to happen; "the announcement appeared in the local newspaper"
subtype: Annunciation (Christian religion) the announcement to the Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel of the incarnation of Christ
subtype: banns__bann a public announcement (in church) of a proposed marriage
subtype: press_release__pressrelease__handout__release an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation
subtype: notice.announcement an announcement containing information about a future event; "you didn't give me enough notice"
subtype: caveat (law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing: "a caveat filed against the probate of a will"
subtype: obituary__obit__necrology a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography
subtype: program.announcement__programme an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event; "you can't tell the players without a program"
subtype: playbill a theatrical program; "he couldn't find her name on the playbill"
subtype: racecard a program for a race meeting; lists the races and the names of the horses
subtype: walking_papers a notice of dismissal or discharge
subtype: foretelling__forecasting a statement made about the future
subtype: prophecy__divination a prediction uttered under divine inspiration
subtype: oracle.prophecy a prophecy (usually obscure or allegorical) revealed by a priest or priestess; believed to be infallible
subtype: weather_forecasting__meteorology predicting what the weather will be
subtype: prognosis__prognosi__forecast a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
subtype: weather_forecast__weatherforecast__weather_outlook__weatheroutlook a forecast of the weather
subtype: horoscope a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets
subtype: proposition (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false
subtype: converse (logic) a proposition obtained by conversion
subtype: lemma a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition
subtype: theorem a proposition deducible from basic postulates
subtype: binomial_theorem a theorem giving the expansion of a binomial raised to a given power
subtype: conclusion.proposition the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism
subtype: postulate__posit (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning
subtype: premise__premiss__premis a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
subtype: major_premise__majorpremise__major_premiss__majorpremis the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)
subtype: minor_premise__minorpremise__minor_premiss__minorpremis the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)
subtype: thesis an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument
subtype: condition.premise__precondition__stipulation an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else
subtype: boundary_condition (math) a condition specified for the solution to a set of differential equations
subtype: proviso__provision a stipulated condition; "he accepted subject to one provision"
subtype: axiom (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident
subtype: falsehood__falsity__untruth__false_statement__falsestatement a false statement
subtype: dodging__dodge__scheme a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery
subtype: lie.falsehood__prevarication a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth
subtype: fib__story__tarradiddle__taradiddle a trivial lie; "he told a fib about eating his spinach"; "how can I stop my child from telling stories?"
subtype: cock-and-bull_story__fairytale__fairy_story__fairystory__song_and_dance an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse
subtype: jactitation a false boast that can harm others; especially a false claim to be married to someone (formerly actionable at law)
subtype: whopper a gross untruth
subtype: white_lie__whitelie an unimportant lie (especially one told to be tactful or polite)
subtype: fable__fabrication__fiction a deliberately false or improbable account
subtype: canard a deliberately misleading fabrication
subtype: misrepresentation__deceit__deception a misleading falsehood
subtype: half-truth a partially true statement intended to deceive or mislead
subtype: facade.misrepresentation__window_dressing a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant
subtype: overstatement__exaggeration__magnification making to seem more important than it really is
subtype: snow_job a long and elaborate misrepresentation
subtype: feigning__pretense__pretence__dissembling pretending with intention to deceive
subtype: bluff.feigning pretense that your position is stronger than it really is; "his bluff succeeded in getting him accepted"
subtype: pretext__stalking-horse something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason
subtype: putoff a pretext for delay or inaction
subtype: lip_service__hypocrisy an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction
subtype: subterfuge__blind something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity; "he wasn't sick--it was just a subterfuge"; "the holding company was just a blind"
subtype: trickery__hocus-pocus__hocuspocu__slickness__slicknes__hankypanky__jiggery-pokery__jiggerypokery__skulduggery__skullduggery verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way
subtype: duplicity__fraudulence a fraudulent or duplicitous representation
subtype: evasion.misrepresentation__equivocation a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth
subtype: indirect_expression__circumlocution an indirect way of expressing something
subtype: doublespeak any language that pretends to communicate but actually does not
subtype: hedge__hedging an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement; "when you say `maybe' you are just hedging"
subtype: quibble an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections
subtype: contradiction_in_terms__contradiction (logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement `he is brave and he is not brave' is a contradiction"
subtype: paradox (logic) a self-contradiction; "I always lie"
subtype: understatement a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said
subtype: litotes__litote__meiosis understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary); "saying `I was not a little upset' when you mean `I was very upset' is an example of litotes"
subtype: reservation.statement__qualification a statement that limits or restricts some claim; "he recommended her without any reservations"
subtype: fine_print__small_print__smallprint the part of a contract that contains reservations and qualifications printed in small type; "don't sign a contract without reading the fine print"
subtype: weasel_word an equivocal qualification; a word used to avoid making an outright assertion
subtype: cautious_statement a statement made with careful qualifications
subtype: commentary__comment a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material; "he wrote an extended comment on the proposal"
subtype: annotation__note__notation a comment (usually added to a text); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"
subtype: quotation__citation__credit__reference__mention a short note acknowledging a source of information or quoting a passage; "the student's essay failed to list several important citations"; "the article includes mention of similar clinical cases"
subtype: photo_credit__photocredit a note acknowledging the source of a published photograph
subtype: cross-reference__crossreference__cross-index__crossindex a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work
subtype: footnote a note placed below the text on a printed page
subtype: nota_bene__NB__N.B. a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something; "the margins of his book were generously supplied with pencilled NBs"
subtype: postscript__PS a note appended to a letter after the signature
subtype: comment__remark a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief; "from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account"
subtype: ad-lib remark made spontaneously without prior preparation; "his ad-libs got him in trouble with the politicians"
subtype: courtesy.comment a courteous or respectful or considerate remark
subtype: gambit.comment__ploy an opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker
subtype: obiter_dictum__passing_comment__passingcomment an incidental remark
subtype: mention__reference a remark that calls attention to something or someone; "she made frequent mention of her promotion"; "there was no mention of it"; "the speaker made several references to his wife"
subtype: allusion passing reference or indirect mention
subtype: retrospection.mention reference to things past; "the story begins with no introductory retrospections"
subtype: name-dropping the practice of casually mentioning important people in order to impress your listener; "the hard thing about name-dropping is to avoid being too obvious about it"
subtype: observation.comment__reflection__reflexion a remark expressing careful consideration
subtype: Parkinson's_law C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that the number of subordinates in an organization will increase linearly regardless of the amount of work to be done
subtype: Parkinson's_law.observation__parkinson'slaw C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that work will expand so as to fill the time available for its completion
subtype: wisecrack__crack__sally__quip witty remark
subtype: jibe__shot__shaft__slam__dig__barb__gibe an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect; "his parting shot was `drop dead'"; "she threw shafts of sarcasm"; "she takes a dig at me every chance she gets"
subtype: platitude__cliche__banality__commonplace__bromide a trite or obvious remark
subtype: rhetorical_question a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered; "he liked to make his points with rhetorical questions"
subtype: misstatement a statement that contains a mistake
subtype: error__mistake part of a statement that is not correct; "the book was full of errors"
subtype: corrigendum a printer's error; to be corrected
subtype: misprint__erratum__typographicalerror__typo__literal_error__literalerror__literal a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind
subtype: malapropism__malaprop the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar
subtype: slip_of_the_tongue an accidental and usually trivial mistake in speaking
subtype: spoonerism transposition of initial consonants in a pair of words
subtype: restatement a revised statement
subtype: demythologization__demythologisation the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms
subtype: mythologization__mythologisation the restatement of a message as a myth
subtype: understanding__agreement the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; "they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business"; "there was an understanding between management and the workers"
subtype: conspiracy__confederacy a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act
subtype: conspiracy_of_silence a conspiracy not to talk about some situation or event; "there was a conspiracy of silence about police brutality"
subtype: covenant (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
subtype: unilateral_contract a one-sided agreement whereby you promise to do (or refrain from doing) something in return for a performance (not a promise)
subtype: sales_agreement__sale an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer); "the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office"
subtype: conditional_sale__conditionalsale a sale in which the buyer receives title to the property only upon the performance of some condition (usually the full payment of the purchase price)
subtype: sheriff's_sale__sheriff'ssale__judicial_sale__forced_sale a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's judgment in order satisfy and unpaid obligation
subtype: bargain.understanding__deal an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each; "he made a bargain with the devil"; "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals"
subtype: working_agreement__workingagreement an informal agreement to work together
subtype: gentlemen's_agreement__gentlemen'sagreement a personal agreement based on honor and not legally binding
subtype: written_agreement__writtenagreement a legal document summarizing the agreement between parties
subtype: contract a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law
subtype: adhesion_contract__contract_of_adhesion a contract that heavily restricts one party while leaving the other free (as some standard form printed contracts); implies inequality in bargaining power
subtype: aleatory_contract a contract whose performance by one party depends on the occurrence of an uncertain contingent event (but if it is contingent on the outcome of a wager it is not enforceable)
subtype: bilateral_contract__bilateralcontract a contract involving mutual promises (each part is both promisor and promisee)
subtype: charter.contract a contract to hire or lease transportation
subtype: conditional_contract__conditionalcontract a contract whose performance depends on a fact or event that affects legal relations
subtype: cost-plus_contract a contract in which the contractor is paid his total cost plus a stated percentage of profit
subtype: gambling_contract a contract whose performance by one party is contingent on the outcome of a bet; unenforceable by statute in most jurisdictions
subtype: lease.contract a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment
subtype: marriage_contract__marriage_settlement a prenuptial agreement or contract
subtype: output_contract a contract in which you promise to deliver your entire output to the other party who promises to accept it
subtype: insurance_policy__insurancepolicy__policy__insurance written contract or certificate of insurance; "you should have read the small print on your policy"
subtype: floating_policy__floater an insurance policy covering loss of movable property (e.g. jewelry) regardless of its location
subtype: purchase_contract__purchase_agreement a contract stating the terms of a purchase
subtype: quasi_contract__quasicontract a contract created by law for reasons of justice without any expression of assent
subtype: requirements_contract a contract in which you agree to purchase all your requirements of a particular sort from one party
subtype: sealed_instrument__contract_under_seal__special_contract__specialcontract a contract that is signed and has the (wax) seal of the signer attached
subtype: service_contract__servicecontract a contract for maintenance services
subtype: severable_contract__severablecontract a contract in which in the event of a breach by one of the parties can be considered as several independent agreements expressed in a single instrument
subtype: subcontract a contract assigning to another party some obligations of a prior contract
subtype: partnership.contract a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses
subtype: articles_of_agreement__shipping_articles a contract between crew and captain of a ship
subtype: concession.contract__grant a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business: "he got the beer concession at the ball park"
subtype: franchise an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place
subtype: labor_contract__laborcontract__labor_agreement__laboragreement__collective_agreement contract between labor and management government wages and benefits and working conditions
subtype: yellow-dog_contract a now-illegal labor contract whereby the employee agrees not to join a trade union
subtype: employment_contract__employment_agreement contract between employer and employee
subtype: distribution_agreement a contract governing the marketing of an item of merchandise
subtype: licensing_agreement__licensingagreement contract giving someone the legal right to use a patent or trademark
subtype: merger_agreement__acquisition_agreement__acquisitionagreement contract governing the merger of two or more companies
subtype: sale_in_gross__contract_of_hazard a sale of a tract of land as a whole without a warranty as to the acreage
subtype: indenture a contract binding one party into the service of another for a specified term
subtype: Articles_of_Confederation a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by gave the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens
subtype: compact__covenant__concordat a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action
subtype: indenture.written_agreement formal agreement between the issuer of bonds and the bondholders as to terms of the debt
subtype: obligation a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply
subtype: indebtedness__liability__financial_obligation__financialobligation an obligation to pay money to another party
subtype: limited_liability__limitedliability the liability of a firm's owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm
subtype: debt.indebtedness the state of owing money; "he is badly in debt"
subtype: arrears.indebtedness__arrear the state of being behind in payments; "an account in arrears"
subtype: account_payable a liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on credit
subtype: scot_and_lot obligations of all kinds taken as a whole
subtype: treaty__pact__accord a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
subtype: alliance a formal agreement establishing an association or alliance between nations or other groups to achieve a particular aim
subtype: peace_treaty__peacetreaty__pacification a treaty to cease hostilities; "peace came on November 11th"
subtype: Peace_of_Westphalia the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648
subtype: convention.treaty (diplomacy) an international agreement
subtype: Geneva_convention an agreement concerning the treatment of war prisoners
subtype: SALT_I the first treaty between the US and USSR resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
subtype: SALT_II the second treaty between the US and USSR resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
subtype: Treaty_of_Versailles the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
subtype: escrow a written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition
subtype: entente_cordiale__ententecordiale__entente a friendly understanding between political powers
subtype: oral_contract an agreement that is not in writing and is not signed by the parties but is a real existing contract that lacks only the formal requirement of a memorandum to render it enforceable in litigation
subtype: settlement a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it
subtype: accommodation.settlement a settlement of differences; "they reached an accommodation with Japan"
subtype: modus_vivendi__modusvivendi a temporary accommodation of a disagreement between parties pending a permanent settlement
subtype: compromise an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; "the newly elected congressmen rejected a compromise because they considered it `business as usual'"
subtype: Missouri_Compromise an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
subtype: conclusion.settlement a final settlement; "the conclusion of a business deal"; "the conclusion of the peace treaty"
subtype: out-of-court_settlement resolution of a dispute prior to the rendering of a final decision by the trial court
subtype: property_settlement (matrimonial law) the division of property owned or acquired by marriage partners during their marriage
subtype: accord_and_satisfaction the settlement of a debt by paying less than the amount demanded in exchange for extinguishing the debt
subtype: severance_agreement__severanceagreement an agreement on the terms on which an employee will leave
subtype: golden_handshake a lucrative severance agreement offered to an employee (usually as an incentive to retire)
subtype: suicide_pact__suicidepact an agreement by two or more people to commit suicide together at a given place and time; "the two lovers killed themselves in a suicide pact"
subtype: condition.statement__term (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement; "the contract set out the conditions of the lease"; "the terms of the treaty were generous"
subtype: estimate.statement a statement indicating the likely cost of some job; "he got an estimate from the car repair shop"
subtype: chemical_formula__formula a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements
subtype: molecular_formula__molecularformula a chemical formula based on analysis and molecular weight
subtype: structural_formula an expanded molecular formula showing the arrangement of atoms within the molecule
subtype: empirical_formula__empiricalformula a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms
subtype: assurance.statement a statement intended to inspire confidence; "the President's assurances were not respected"
subtype: recital.statement a detailed statement giving facts and figures; "his wife gave a recital of his infidelities"
subtype: statement.subject_matter a nonverbal message; "a Cadillac makes a statement about who you are"; "his tantrums are a statement of his need for attention"
subtype: treacle a message that is excessively sweet and sentimental
subtype: wit__humor__humour__witticism__wittiness__wittines a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
subtype: jeu_d'esprit__jeud'esprit a witty comment or writing
subtype: bon_mot__bonmot a clever remark
subtype: sarcasm__irony__caustic_remark__causticremark witty language used to convey insults or scorn; "he used sarcasm to upset his opponent"; "irony is wasted on the stupid"
subtype: repartee adroitness and cleverness in reply
subtype: banter__raillery__give-and-take__backchat light teasing repartee
subtype: badinage frivolous banter
subtype: persiflage light teasing
subtype: joke__gag__laugh__jest__jape__yak a humorous anecdote or remark
subtype: belly_laugh__bellylaugh__sidesplitter__howler__thigh-slapper__thighslapper__scream__wow__riot a joke that seems extremely funny
subtype: dirty_joke__dirtyjoke__dirty_story__dirtystory__blue_joke__blue_story an indelicate joke
subtype: ethnic_joke a joke at the expense of some ethnic group
subtype: funny_story__funnystory__good_story an account of an amusing incident (usually with a punch line)
subtype: in-joke a joke that is appreciated only by members of some particular group of people
subtype: one-liner__oneliner a one-line joke
subtype: shaggy_dog_story a long rambling joke whose humor derives from its pointlessness
subtype: sick_joke a joke in bad taste
subtype: sight_gag__sightgag__visual_joke a joke whose effect is achieved by visual means rather than by speech (as in a movie)
subtype: caricature__imitation__impersonation a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect
subtype: lampoon__parody__spoof__sendup__mockery__burlesque__charade__pasquinade__put-on__puton a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way
subtype: cartoon__sketch a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine
subtype: comic_strip__cartoon_strip__cartoonstrip__strip a sequence of drawings in a newspaper telling a story
subtype: fun.wit__play__sport verbal wit (often at another's expense but not to be taken seriously); "he became a figure of fun"
subtype: jocosity__jocularity fun characterized by humor
subtype: waggishness__waggishnes waggish behavior
subtype: clowning__drollery__comedy__funniness__funnines a comic incident or series of incidents
subtype: pun__punning__wordplay__paronomasia a humorous play on words; "I do it for the pun of it"; "his constant punning irritated her"
subtype: ribaldry ribald humor
subtype: topper.wit an exceedingly good witticism that surpasses all that have gone before
subtype: opinion__view a message expressing a belief about something; "his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page"
subtype: guess__gues__supposition__surmisal__speculation__hypothesi a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
subtype: side.opinion__position an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute; "there are two sides to every question"
subtype: instruction__direction a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them"
subtype: religious_rule__religiousrule__rule a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
subtype: prescript__rule prescribed guide for conduct or action
subtype: bylaw__byelaw a rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs
subtype: rubric an authoritative rule of conduct or procedure
subtype: rules_of_order__order__parliamentary_law__parliamentarylaw__parliamentary_procedure__parliamentaryprocedure a body of rules followed by an assembly
subtype: interpellation a procedure (in some parliaments) of demanding that a government official explain some act or policy
subtype: standing_order a rule of order permanently in force
subtype: cloture__closure__gagrule a rule for ending debate in a deliberative body
subtype: closure_by_compartment__guillotine closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill
subtype: point_of_order a question as to whether the current proceedings are allowed by parliamentary procedure
subtype: previous_question a motion calling for an immediate vote on the main question under discussion by a deliberative assembly
subtype: rule_of_evidence a rule of law whereby any alleged matter of fact that is submitted for investigation at a judicial trial is established or disproved
subtype: best_evidence_rule a rule of evidence requiring that to prove the content of a writing or recording or photograph the original is required
subtype: estoppel a rule of evidence whereby a person is barred from denying the truth of a fact that has already been settled
subtype: exclusionary_rule a rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct
subtype: fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree a rule that once primary evidence is determined to have been illegally obtained any secondary evidence following from it may also not be used
subtype: hearsay_rule__hearsayrule a rule that declares not admissible as evidence any statement other than that by a witness
subtype: parol_evidence_rule a rule that oral evidence cannot be used to contradict the terms of a written contract
subtype: res_ipsa_loquitur a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened
subtype: precept rule of personal conduct
subtype: higher_law a principle that takes precedent over the laws of society
subtype: moral_principle__moralprinciple the principle that conduct should be moral
subtype: categorical_imperative__categoricalimperative the moral principle that behavior should be determined by duty
subtype: hypothetical_imperative a principle stating the action required to attain a desired goal
subtype: caveat_emptor a commercial principle that without a warranty the buyer takes upon himself the risk of quality
subtype: golden_rule any important rule; "the golden rule of teaching is to be clear"
subtype: GIGO (computer science) a rule stating that the quality of the output is a function of the quality of the input; put garbage in and you get garbage out
subtype: dictate.prescript an authoritative rule
subtype: regulation__ordinance an authoritative rule
subtype: age_limit__agelimit regulation establishing the maximum age for doing something or holding some position
subtype: assize.regulation the regulation of weights and measures of articles offered for sale
subtype: speed_limit__speedlimit regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road
subtype: canon a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field or art or philosophy: "the neoclassical canon"; "canons of polite society"
subtype: etiquette rules governing socially acceptable behavior
subtype: protocol.etiquette forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state
subtype: punctilio.etiquette a fine point of etiquette or petty formality
subtype: communications_protocol__protocol (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data
subtype: file_transfer_protocol__ftp__FTP (computer science) protocol that allows users to copy files between their local system and any system they can reach on the network
subtype: anonymous_ftp__anonymousftp__anonymous_file_transfer_protocol a common way to make software available; users are allowed to log in as `guest' without a password and copy whatever has been made available
subtype: hypertext_transfer_protocol__HTTP a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers
subtype: musical_instrument_digital_interface__MIDI a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computers
subtype: TCP__transmission_control_protocol a protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another; "TCP uses a retransmission strategy to insure that data will not be lost in transmission"
subtype: TCP/IP__transmission_control_protocol/internet_protocol a set of protocols (including TCP) developed for the internet in the 1970s to get data from one network device to another
subtype: CMIP common management information protocol
subtype: SMTP simple mail transfer protocol
subtype: rubric.instruction directions for the conduct of Christian church services (often printed in red in a prayer book)
subtype: misdirection.instruction incorrect directions or instructions
subtype: name_and_address__address__addres written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location
subtype: poste_restante__posterestante an address written on mail that is to be held at the post office until called for (not in US or Canada)
subtype: return_address the address of the sender of a letter or parcel indicating where it should be returned if it cannot be delivered
subtype: markup detailed stylistic instructions for typesetting something that is to be printed; manual markup is usually written on the copy (e.g. underlining words that are to be set in italics)
subtype: prescription directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions; "I tried to follow her prescription for success"
subtype: recipe__formula directions for making something
subtype: game_rule__rule directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
subtype: ground_rule a special rule (as in baseball) dealing with situations that arise due to the nature of the playing grounds
subtype: stage_direction__stagedirection an instruction written as part of the script of a play
subtype: style.instruction editorial directions to be followed in spelling and punctuation and capitalization and typographical display
subtype: system_command a computer user's instruction (not part of a program) that calls for action by the computer's executive program
subtype: proposal something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
subtype: advice a proposal for an appropriate course of action
subtype: recommendation something (as a course of action) that is recommended
subtype: referral.recommendation a recommendation to consult the (professional) person referred to; "this patient is a referral from Dr. Bones"
subtype: admonition__monition__warning__word_of_advice cautionary advice
subtype: deterrent_example__deterrentexample__example__lesson__object_lesson punishment intended as a warning to others; "they decided to make an example of him"
subtype: counterproposal a proposal offered as an alternative to an earlier proposal
subtype: hypothesis a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
subtype: proffer__suggestion__proposition a proposal offered for acceptance or rejection
subtype: intimation__hint__breath an indirect suggestion; "not a breath of scandal ever touched her"
subtype: touch.proffer__trace__ghost a suggestion of some quality; "there was a touch of sarcasm in his tone"; "he detected a ghost of a smile on her face"
subtype: overture.proffer__advance__feeler a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others; "she rejected his advances"
subtype: introduction.proposal a new proposal; "they resisted the introduction of impractical alternatives"
subtype: re-introduction a proposal of something previously rejected; "they avoided a re-introduction of the old terminology"
subtype: motion.proposal__question a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote; "he made a motion to adjourn"; "she called for the question"
subtype: offer__offering something offered (as a proposal or bid); "noteworthy new offerings for investors included several index funds"
subtype: contract_offer offer by an employer to contract to pay an employee at a given rate
subtype: marriage_proposal__proposal_of_marriage__marriage_offer__proposal an offer of marriage
subtype: question an informal reference to a marriage proposal; "he was ready to pop the question"
subtype: counteroffer an offer made by someone who has rejected a prior offer
subtype: bid.offer__tender a formal proposal to buy at a specified price
subtype: overbid a bid that is higher than preceding bids
subtype: buyout_bid a bid to buy all of a person's holdings
subtype: tender_offer an offer to buy shares in a corporation (usually above the market price) for cash or securities or both
subtype: takeover_bid an offer to buy shares in order to take over the company
subtype: two-tier_bid a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to pay more for the shares needed to gain control than for the remaining shares
subtype: any-and-all_bid__anyandallbid a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to buy any and all shares outstanding
subtype: reward.offer the offer of money for helping to find a criminal or for returning lost property
subtype: price.reward a reward for helping to catch a criminal; "the cattle thief has a price on his head"
subtype: special a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising; "they are having a special on pork chops"
subtype: peace_offering__peaceoffering__olive_branch__olivebranch something offered to an adversary in the hope of obtaining peace
subtype: twofer.offer an offer of two for the price of one
subtype: submission.subject_matter__entry a message submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); "several of his submissions were rejected by publishers"
subtype: filing.submission the entering of a legal document into the public record; "he filed a complaint"; "he filed his tax return"
subtype: publicity__promotion__promotional_material__promotionalmaterial a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution
subtype: public_relations a promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution
subtype: blurb__endorsement a promotional statement (as found on the dust jackets of books)
subtype: ballyhoo__hoopla__hype__plug blatant or sensational promotion
subtype: sales_talk__salestalk__sales_pitch__pitch promotion by means of an argument and demonstration
subtype: ad__advertisement__advertizement__advertising__advertizing__advert a public promotion of some product or service
subtype: top_billing the advertisement of a star's name at the top of a theatrical poster
subtype: prevue__preview an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a motion picture that will appear in the near future
subtype: advertorial an advertisement that is written and presented in the style of an editorial or journalistic report
subtype: mailer.ad an advertisement that is sent by mail
subtype: newspaper_ad__newspaperad__newspaper_advertisement__newspaperadvertisement a printed advertisement that is published in a newspaper
subtype: want_ad a newspaper advertisement stating what is wanted
subtype: commercial_message__commercial a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television
subtype: infomercial a television commercial presented in the form of a short documentary
subtype: circular__handbill__bill__broadside__broadsheet__flier__flyer__throwaway an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to all subscribers"
subtype: stuffer a advertising circular that is enclosed with other material and (usually) sent by mail
subtype: sales_promotion__salespromotion promotion that supplements or coordinates advertising
subtype: sensationalism subject matter that is calculated to excite and please vulgar tastes
subtype: shocker a sensational message (in a film or play or novel)
50 statements are about indirect instances of subject_matter: graph1_on_publication, graph1_on_report, graph35_on_article, graph1_on_article, graph2_on_article, graph3_on_article, graph4_on_article, graph5_on_article, graph6_on_article, graph7_on_article, graph8_on_article, graph9_on_article, graph10_on_article, graph11_on_article, graph12_on_article, graph13_on_article, graph14_on_article, graph15_on_article, graph16_on_article, graph17_on_article, graph18_on_article, graph1_on_PhD_thesis, graph1_on_book, graph19_on_article, graph20_on_article, graph21_on_article, graph22_on_article, graph23_on_article, graph24_on_article, graph2_on_PhD_thesis, graph25_on_article, graph26_on_article, graph27_on_article, graph28_on_article, graph29_on_article, graph30_on_article, graph3_on_PhD_thesis, graph31_on_article, graph32_on_article, graph33_on_article, graph34_on_article, graph1_on_insurance, graph1_on_insurance, graph1_on_description, graph1_on_file, graph1_on_written_material, graph1_on_research_staff, graph1_on_ontology, graph7_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph1_on_f.modave@gu.edu.au click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
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