#subclass_Commelinidae__Commelinidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae
supertype: #class__clas (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
member of: #class_Monocotyledones
member: #order_Graminales__Graminales grasses; sedges; rushes
member: #family_Gramineae__Gramineae__Graminaceae__family_Graminaceae__Poaceae__family_Poaceae__grass_family__grassfamily the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane
member: #gramineous_plant__graminaceous_plant cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and narrow long-bladed leaves
member: #millet any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
member: #genus_Aegilops__Aegilops goat grass
member: #goat_grass__Aegilops_triuncalis European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
member: #genus_Agropyron__Agropyron perennial grasses of temperate and cool regions: wheatgrass; dog grass
member: #wheatgrass a grass of the genus Agropyron
member: #genus_Agrostis__Agrostis annual or perennial grasses cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere: bent grass (so named from `bent' meaning an area of unfenced grassland)
member: #bent_grass__bent__bentgrass__bentgras grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
member: #genus_Alopecurus__Alopecurus annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds
member: #meadow_foxtail__Alopecurus_pratensis stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
member: #genus_Andropogon__Andropogon tall annual or perennial grasses with spikelike racemes; warm regions
member: #broom_grass__broomgras any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
member: #genus_Arrhenatherum__Arrhenatherum oat grass
member: #tall_oat_grass__tall_meadow_grass__evergreen_grass__evergreengras__false_oat__falseoat__French_rye__Arrhenatherum_elatius coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
member: #genus_Arundo__Arundo any of several coarse tall perennial grasses of most warm areas: reeds
member: #giant_reed__giantreed__Arundo_donax large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large gray-white feathery panicles
member: #genus_Avena__Avena oats
member: #oat annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')
member: #genus_Bromus__Bromus a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae
member: #brome__bromegrass any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
member: #genus_Bouteloua__Bouteloua forage grasses
member: #grama_grass__gramagras__grama__gramma__gramma_grass pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America
member: #genus_Buchloe__Buchloe buffalo grass
member: #buffalo_grass__buffalogras__Buchloe_dactyloides short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
member: #genus_Cenchrus__Cenchrus a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae that have burs
member: #burgrass__bur_grass__burgras a grass of the genus Cenchrus
member: #field_sandbur__fieldsandbur__sandbur__Cenchrus_tribuloides grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
member: #genus_Chloris__Chloris tufted or perennial or annual grasses having runners: finger grass; windmill grass
member: #genus_Cortaderia__Cortaderia tall ornamental grasses of South America and New Zealand and New Guinea: pampas grass
member: #pampas_grass__Cortaderia_selloana tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
member: #genus_Cynodon__Cynodon creeping perennial grasses of tropical and southern Africa
member: #Bermuda_grass__devil_grass__Bahama_grass__kweek__scutch_grass__star_grass__Cynodon_dactylon trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
member: #giant_star_grass__Cynodon_plectostachyum perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
member: #genus_Dactylis__Dactylis a monocotyledonous grass of the family Gramineae (has only one species)
member: #genus_Dactyloctenium__Dactyloctenium a monocotyledonous genus of the family Gramineae
member: #genus_Digitaria__Digitaria crab grass; finger grass
member: #crabgrass__crabgras__crabgras__fingergras grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
member: #genus_Echinochloa__Echinochloa annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions
member: #barnyard_grass__barn_grass__barn_millet__Echinochloa_crusgalli a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
member: #Japanese_millet__billion-dollar_grass__Japanese_barnyard_millet__sanwa_millet__sanwamillet__Echinochloa_frumentacea coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States
member: #genus_Eleusine__Eleusine annual and perennial grasses of savannas and upland grasslands
member: #yardgrass__yardgras__yardgras__wiregras__goosegras__Eleusine_indica coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
member: #finger_millet__ragi__ragee__African_millet__coracan__corakan__kurakkan__Eleusine_coracana East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
member: #genus_Elymus__Elymus tall tufted perennial grasses (such as lyme grass or wild rye)
member: #lyme_grass a grass of the genus Elymus
member: #wild_rye any of several grasses of the genus Elymus
member: #genus_Eragrostis__Eragrostis annual or perennial grasses of tropics and subtropics
member: #love_grass__bay_grass__baygras any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; useful especially for forage and prevention of erosion
member: #genus_Erianthus__Erianthus genus of reedlike grasses having spikes crowded in a panicle covered with long silky hairs
member: #plume_grass__plumegras a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes
member: #Ravenna_grass__wool_grass__Erianthus_ravennae grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
member: #genus_Festuca__Festuca a genus of tufted perennial grasses of the family Gramineae
member: #meadow_fescue__fescue__fescue_grass__Festuca_elatior grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
member: #sheep_fescue__sheepfescue__sheep's_fescue__sheep'sfescue__Festuca_ovina cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
member: #silver_grass of Australia and New Zealand
member: #genus_Glyceria__Glyceria manna grass
member: #manna_grass__mannagras__sweet_grass__sweetgras any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor
member: #genus_Holcus__Holcus a genus of Old World grasses widely cultivated in America
member: #genus_Hordeum__Hordeum annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley
member: #barley cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
member: #genus_Leymus__Leymus genus that in some classifications overlaps the genus Elymus
member: #genus_Lolium__Lolium darnel; ryegrass
member: #rye_grass__ryegras__ryegrass any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses
member: #genus_Muhlenbergia__Muhlenbergia a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae grown in America and Asia
member: #nimblewill__nimble_Will__Muhlenbergia_schreberi slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States
member: #genus_Oryza__Oryza rice
member: #rice.cereal_grass annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper
member: #genus_Oryzopsis__Oryzopsis rice grass
member: #ricegrass__ricegras__ricegras any grass of the genus Oryzopsis
member: #genus_Panicum__Panicum panic grass
member: #panic_grass__panicgras any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder
member: #genus_Paspalum a genus of perennial grasses of warm regions
member: #dallisgrass__dallisgras__dallisgras__Paspalum_dilatatum tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States
member: #Bahia_grass__Paspalum_notatum perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of Gulf states
member: #knotgrass__knotgras__paspalumdistichum low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems
member: #genus_Pennisetum__Pennisetum a genus of Old World grasses
member: #pearl_millet__pearlmillet__bulrush_millet__bulrushmillet__cattail_millet__cattailmillet__Pennisetum_glaucum__Pennisetum_Americanum tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer
member: #fountain_grass__Pennisetum_ruppelii__Pennisetum_setaceum tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia
member: #feathertop_grass__feathertop__Pennistum_villosum northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles
member: #genus_Phalaris__Phalaris a genus of grasses with broad leaves and a dense spike of flowers
member: #reed_canary_grass__gardener's_garters__lady's_laces__ribbon_grass__Phalaris_arundinacea perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America
member: #canary_grass__birdseed_grass__Phalaris_canariensis Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds
member: #hardinggrass__Harding_grass__toowomba_canary_grass__Phalaris_aquatica__Phalaris_tuberosa perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass
member: #genus_Phleum__Phleum grasses native to temperate regions
member: #herd's_grass__timothy__Phleum_pratense grass with long cylindrical spikes frown in northern United States and Europe for hay
member: #genus_Phragmites__Phragmites reeds of marshes and riversides in tropical or temperate regions
member: #ditch_reed__ditchreed__common_reed__carrizo__Phragmites_communis tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts
member: #genus_Poa__Poa chiefly perennial grasses of cool temperate regions
member: #blue_grass__bluegrass__bluegras any of various grasses of the genus Poa
member: #Kentucky_bluegrass__Kentucky_blue__Kentucy_blue_grass__June_grass__Poa_pratensis valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures
member: #wood_meadowgrass__Poa_nemoralis__Agrostis_alba slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia
member: #meadowgrass__meadow_grass any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture
member: #genus_Saccharum__Saccharum tall perennial reedlike grass originally of southeastern Asia: sugarcane
member: #Saccharum_officinarum__sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
member: #munj__munja__Saccharum_bengalense__Saccharum_munja tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets
member: #genus_Schizachyrium__Schizachyrium overlaps the genus Andropogon
member: #genus_Secale__Secale cereal grass widely cultivated for its grain: rye
member: #Secale_cereale__rye hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement
member: #genus_Setaria__Setaria annual or perennial grasses of warm regions: bristlegrasses
member: #bristlegrass__bristle_grass__bristlegras grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
member: #foxtail_millet__foxtailmillet__Italian_millet__Hungarian_grass__Setaria_italica coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States
member: #genus_Sorghum annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghum
member: #sorghum economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
member: #genus_Spartina__Spartina grass of freshwater swamps and salt marshes of Europe, Africa, America, and South Atlantic islands
member: #cordgrass__cordgras__cordgras any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
member: #genus_Sporobolus__Sporobolus cosmopolitan annual and perennial grasses (as dropseed or rushgrass)
member: #dropseed a grass of the genus Sporobolus
member: #smut_grass__blackseed__carpet_grass__Sporobolus_poiretii grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus
member: #rushgrass__rushgras grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles
member: #genus_Stenotaphrum__Stenotaphrum lawn grasses
member: #St._Augustine_grass__Stenotaphrum_secundatum__buffalo_grass__buffalogras low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass
member: #genus_Triticum__Triticum annual cereal grasses from Mediterranean area; widely cultivated in temperate regions
member: #wheat__corn annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains
member: #genus_Zea__Zea corn
member: #Indian_corn__corn__maize__Zea_mays tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times
member: #genus_Zizania__Zizania wild rice
member: #wild_rice__Zizania_aquatica perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food
member: #genus_Zoysia__Zoisia__genus_Zoisia lawn grasses native to southeastern Asia and New Zealand; grown especially in warm regions
member: #zoysia any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia
member: #tribe_Bambuseae__Bambuseae bamboos
member: #bamboo woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
member: #genus_Bambusa__Bambusa tall tender clumping bamboos
member: #common_bamboo__Bambusa_vulgaris extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
member: #genus_Arundinaria__Arundinaria North American bamboo
member: #giant_cane__giantcane__cane_reed__Arundinaria_gigantea tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
member: #small_cane__smallcane__switch_cane__Arundinaria_tecta small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
member: #genus_Dendrocalamus__Dendrocalamus giant clump-forming bamboos
member: #giant_bamboo__giantbamboo__kyo-chiku__kyochiku__Dendrocalamus_giganteus immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
member: #genus_Phyllostachys__Phyllostachys medium and large bamboos
member: #fishpole_bamboo__gosan-chiku__gosanchiku__hotei-chiku__hoteichiku__Phyllostachys_aurea small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young
member: #black_bamboo__blackbamboo__kuri-chiku__Phyllostachys_nigra small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black
member: #giant_timber_bamboo__madake__ku-chiku__Phyllostachys_bambusoides large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely brown elsewhere
member: #family_Cyperaceae__Cyperaceae__sedge_family__sedgefamily bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant
member: #sedge grasslike or rushlike plant growing in wet places having solid stems, narrow grasslike leaves and spikelets of inconspicuous flowers
member: #genus_Carex__Carex large genus of plants found in damp woodlands and bogs and ditches or at water margins: sedges
member: #sand_sedge__sand_reed__Carex_arenaria European maritime sedge naturalized along Atlantic coast of United States; rootstock has properties of sarsaparilla
member: #cypress_sedge__cypresssedge__Carex_pseudocyperus tufted sedge of temperate regions; nearly cosmopolitan
member: #genus_Eriophorum__Eriophorum cotton grass
member: #cotton_grass__cotton_rush any sedge of the genus Eriophorum; north temperate bog plants with tufted spikes
member: #genus_Scirpus__Scirpus rhizomatous perennial grasslike herbs
member: #hardstem_bulrush__hardstemmed_bulrush__hardstemmedbulrush__Scirpus_acutus widely distributed North American sedge having rigid olive green stems
member: #wool_grass__Scirpus_cyperinus sedge of eastern North America having numerous clustered woolly spikelets
member: #genus_Eleocharis__Eleocharis sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths
member: #spike_rush__spikerush a sedge of the genus Eleocharis
member: #order_Musales__Musales tropical plants
member: #family_Cannaceae__Cannaceae coextensive with the genus Canna
member: #genus_Canna type and sole genus of the Cannaceae: perennial lilylike herbs of New World tropics
member: #canna any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
member: #family_Marantaceae__Marantaceae__arrowroot_family__arrowrootfamily tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes
member: #genus_Maranta herbs of tropical America
member: #maranta any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves
member: #family_Musaceae__Musaceae__banana_family treelike tropical Asian herbs
member: #genus_Musa__Musa type genus of the Musaceae: bananas
member: #banana_tree__banana any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
member: #genus_Ensete__Ensete Old World tropical herbs: Abyssinian bananas
member: #Abyssinian_banana__Ethiopian_banana__Ensete_ventricosum__Musa_ensete large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
member: #family_Strelitziaceae__Strelitziaceae__strelitzia_family woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae
member: #genus_Strelitzia__Strelitzia small genus of large perennial evergreen herbs having leaves resembling those of banana plants; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
member: #Strelitzia_reginae__bird_of_paradise ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird
member: #genus_Ravenala woody tropical plants with tall trunks; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
member: #traveler's_tree__traveller's_tree__traveller'stree__ravenala__Ravenala_madagascariensis giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers
member: #family_Zingiberaceae__Zingiberaceae__ginger_family a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales
member: #genus_Zingiber__Zingiber tropical Asiatic and Polynesian perennial plants: ginger
member: #ginger perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
member: #genus_Curcuma__Curcuma tropical Asiatic perennial herbs
member: #Curcuma_longa__turmeric__Curcuma_domestica widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
member: #genus_Alpinia__Alpinia__genus_Zerumbet__genus_Languas perennial rhizomatous herbs of Asia and Australia and Polynesia having ginger-scented rhizomes
member: #galangal__Alpinia_galanga southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
member: #lesser_galangal__Alpinia_officinarum__Alpinia_officinalis Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of rose-veined white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
member: #red_ginger__redginger__Alpinia_purpurata an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
member: #shell_ginger__shellginger__shellflower__Alpinia_Zerumbet__Alpinia_speciosa__Languas_speciosa cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with shell-pink shading and crinkled yellow lip with variegated magenta stripes
member: #genus_Aframomum__Aframomum an African genus of plants of the family Zingiberaceae
member: #grains_of_paradise__Guinea_grains__Guinea_pepper__melagueta_pepper__melaguetapepper__Aframomum_melegueta West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
member: #genus_Elettaria__Elettaria cardamom
member: #cardamom__cardamon__Elettaria_cardamomum rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
member: #order_Xyridales__Xyridales__Commelinales__order_Commelinales an order of monocotyledonous herbs
member: #family_Xyridaceae__Xyridaceae__yellow-eyed_grass_family plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places
member: #genus_Xyris__Xyris chiefly American marsh plants, having usually yellow flowers
member: #yellow-eyed_grass any of several rushlike plants, especially of the pine barrens of southern United States
member: #family_Commelinaceae__Commelinaceae__spiderwort_family large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts
member: #genus_Commelina type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears
member: #commelina any plant of the genus Commelina
member: #spiderwort__dayflower any plant of the family Commelinaceae
member: #genus_Tradescantia__Tradescantia spiderworts
member: #family_Bromeliaceae__Bromeliaceae__pineapple_family__pineapplefamily a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance
member: #genus_Ananas__Ananas a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)
member: #pineapple_plant__pineappleplant__pineapple__Ananas_comosus a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
member: #Bromelia the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx
member: #genus_Tillandsia__Tillandsia large genus of epiphytic or terrestrial sparse-rooting tropical plants usually forming dense clumps or pendant masses
member: #Spanish_moss__old_man's_beard__black_moss__long_moss__Tillandsia_usneoides dense festoons of greenish-gray hairlike flexuous strands anchored to tree trunks and branches by sparse wiry roots; southeastern United States and West Indies to South America
member: #family_Mayacaceae__Mayacaceae a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales
member: #genus_Mayaca__Mayaca small genus of delicate mossy bog plants having white or violet flowers
member: #family_Rapateaceae__Rapateaceae South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae
member: #family_Eriocaulaceae__Eriocaulaceae__pipewort_family chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts
member: #genus_Eriocaulon__Eriocaulon type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs
member: #pipewort__Eriocaulon_aquaticum aquatic perennial of North America and Ireland and Hebrides having translucent green leaves in a basal spiral and dense buttonlike racemes of minute white flowers
member: #family_Pontederiaceae__Pontederiaceae__pickerelweed_family aquatic or bog plants
member: #genus_Pontederia__Pontederia pickerelweed
member: #pickerelweed__pickerel_weed__wampee__Pontederia_cordata American plant having spikes of blue flowers and growing in shallow water of streams and ponds
member: #genus_Eichhornia__Eichhornia water hyacinth; water orchid
member: #water_hyacinth__waterhyacinth__water_orchid__waterorchid__Eichhornia_crassipes__Eichhornia_spesiosa a tropical floating aquatic plant having spikes of large blue flowers; troublesome in clogging waterways especially in southern United States
member: #genus_Heteranthera__Heteranthera mud plantains
member: #water_star_grass__mud_plantain__mudplantain__Heteranthera_dubia grassy-leaved North American aquatic plant with yellow star-shaped blossoms
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