#rhetorical_device  a use of language that creates a literary effect (but often without regard for literal significance)
  supertype:  #device.expressive_style  something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect
  part of:  #rhetoric.expressive_style
  subtype:  #anacoluthia__anacoluthon  an abrupt change within a sentence from one syntactic structure to another
  subtype:  #repetition  the repeated use of the same word or word pattern as a rhetorical device
     subtype:  #anadiplosis__anadiplosi  repetition of the final words of a sentence or line at the beginning of the next
     subtype:  #epanalepsis  repetition after intervening words
     subtype:  #epanodos  repetition or recapitulation in reverse order
     subtype:  #epiphora__epistrophe  repetition of the ends of two or more successive sentences, verses, etc.
     subtype:  #gemination  doubling of a word or words
     subtype:  #ploce  repetition to gain special emphasis or extend meaning
     subtype:  #polyptoton  repetition of a word in a different case or inflection in the same sentence; "My own heart's heart"
     subtype:  #epanaphora__anaphora  repetition of a word or phrase as the beginning of successive clauses
     subtype:  #anaphora  using a pronoun or other pro-word instead of repeating a word
     subtype:  #symploce  repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning and another at the end of successive clauses, i.e., simultaneous use of anaphora and epistrophe
  subtype:  #anastrophe__inversion  the reversal of the normal order of words
  subtype:  #antiphrasis  the use of a word in a sense opposite to its normal sense (especially in irony)
  subtype:  #antithesis.rhetorical_device  the juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas to give a feeling of balance
  subtype:  #antinomasia  substitution of a title for a name
  subtype:  #apophasis__apophasi  mentioning something by saying it will not be mentioned
  subtype:  #aposiopesis  breaking off in the middle of a sentence (as by writers of realistic conversations)
  subtype:  #apostrophe.rhetorical_device  address to an absent or imaginary person
  subtype:  #catachresis  strained or paradoxical use of words either in error (as `blatant' to mean `flagrant') or deliberately (as in a mixed metaphor: `blind mouths')
  subtype:  #chiasmus  inversion in the second of two parallel phrases
  subtype:  #climax  arrangement of clauses in ascending order of forcefulness
  subtype:  #conversion.rhetorical_device  interchange of subject and predicate of a proposition
  subtype:  #ecphonesis__exclamation  an exclamatory rhetorical device; "O tempore! O mores"
  subtype:  #emphasis  special and significant stress by means of position or repetition e.g.
  subtype:  #enallage  a substitution of part of speech or gender or number or tense etc. (e.g., editorial `we' for `I')
  subtype:  #epanorthosis  immediate rephrasing for intensification or justification; "Seems, madam! Nay, it is"
  subtype:  #epiplexis__epiplexi  a rhetorical device in which the speaker reproaches the audience in order to incite or convince them
  subtype:  #hendiadys__hendiady  use of two conjoined nouns instead of a noun and modifier
  subtype:  #hypallage  reversal of the syntactic relation of two words (as in `her beauty's face')
  subtype:  #hyperbaton  reversal of normal word order (as in `cheese I love')
  subtype:  #hypozeugma  use of a series of subjects with a single predicate
  subtype:  #hypozeuxis  use of a series of parallel clauses (as in `I came, I saw, I conquered')
  subtype:  #hysteron_proteron.rhetorical_device__hysteronproteron  reversal of normal order of two words or sentences etc. (as in `bred and born')
  subtype:  #litotes__litote__meiosis  understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary); "saying `I was not a little upset' when you mean `I was very upset' is an example of litotes"
  subtype:  #onomatopoeia  using words that imitate the sound they denote
  subtype:  #paralepsis__paraleipsis__paraleipsi__paralipsis__preterition  suggesting by deliberately concise treatment that much of significance is omitted
  subtype:  #paregmenon  juxtaposing words having a common derivation (as in `sense and sensibility')
  subtype:  #polysyndeton  using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in `he ran and jumped and laughed for joy')
  subtype:  #prolepsis__prolepsi  anticipating and answering objections in advance
  subtype:  #wellerism  a comparison comprising a well-known quotation followed by a facetious sequel
  subtype:  #trope__figureofspeech__figure__image  language used in a figurative or nonliteral sense
     subtype:  #irony.trope  a trope that involves incongruity between what is expected and what occurs
        subtype:  #dramatic_irony  (theater) irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play
     subtype:  #hyperbole__exaggeration  extravagant exaggeration
     subtype:  #kenning  conventional metaphoric name for something, used especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry
     subtype:  #metaphor  a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity
        subtype:  #dead_metaphor__frozen_metaphor  a metaphor that has occurred so often that it has become a new meaning of the expression (e.g., `he is a snake' may once have been a metaphor but after years of use it has died and become a new sense of the word `snake')
        subtype:  #mixed_metahor__mixedmetahor  a combination of two or more metaphors that together produce a ridiculous effect
        subtype:  #synesthetic_metaphor__synestheticmetaphor  a metaphor that exploits a similarity between experiences in different sense modalities
     subtype:  #metonymy  substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in `they counted heads')
        subtype:  #metalepsis  substituting metonymy of one figurative sense for another
     subtype:  #oxymoron  conjoining contradictory terms (as in `deafening silence')
     subtype:  #prosopopoeia__personification  representing an abstract quality or idea as a person or creature
     subtype:  #simile  a figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed with `like' or `as')
     subtype:  #synecdoche  substituting a more inclusive term for a less inclusive one or vice versa
     subtype:  #zeugma  use of a word to govern two or more words though appropriate to only one; "`Mr. Pickwick took his hat and his leave' is an example of zeugma"
        subtype:  #syllepsis__syllepsi  use of a word to govern two or more words though agreeing in number or case etc. with only one

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