#pathology any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
supertype: ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
subtype: acidosis abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
subtype: metabolic_acidosis acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
subtype: respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
subtype: starvation_acidosis acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
subtype: alkalosis__alkalosi abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
subtype: respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
subtype: ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
subtype: arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia an abnormal distension of an artery
subtype: asynergy__asynergia absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
subtype: asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
subtype: diverticulosis presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
subtype: flux.pathology excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
subtype: fluorosis__fluorosi a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
subtype: gammopathy a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
subtype: glossolalia repetitive nonsense speech
subtype: angiopathy any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
subtype: angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: hemangioma__haemangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
subtype: strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
subtype: lymphangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
subtype: spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
subtype: angiitis inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
subtype: idiopathic_disease__idiopathy any disease of unknown cause
subtype: aphagia loss of the ability to swallow
subtype: stenosis__stricture abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
subtype: aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: enterostenosis abnormal narrowing of the intestine
subtype: Laryngostenosis abnormal narrowing of the larynx
subtype: pulmonary_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
subtype: pyloric_stenosis narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi stenosis of the ureter
subtype: atherogenesis__atherogenesi the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
subtype: ascites__ascite accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
subtype: azymia absence of an enzyme
subtype: bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
subtype: sclerosis__sclerosi__induration any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
subtype: disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
subtype: arteriolosclerosis sclerosis of the arterioles
subtype: arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease sclerosis of the arterial walls
subtype: atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
subtype: arteriosclerosis_obliterans a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
subtype: osteosclerosis abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
subtype: lipomatosis__lipomatosi pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
subtype: lithiasis__lithiasi the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
subtype: cholelithiasis the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
subtype: enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi the presence of calculi in the intestines
subtype: nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
subtype: nephrocalcinosis renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
subtype: cartilaginification abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
subtype: cyst a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
subtype: dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
subtype: galactocele a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
subtype: hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst a cyst containing blood
subtype: cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
subtype: hydatid cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
subtype: nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
subtype: ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
subtype: ranula a cyst on the underside of the tongue
subtype: sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
subtype: chalazion__Meibomian_cyst a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
subtype: endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
subtype: adhesion abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
subtype: symphysis.adhesion__symphysi an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
subtype: synechia adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
subtype: anterior_synechia adhesion between the iris and the cornea
subtype: posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia adhesion between the iris and the lens
subtype: hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
subtype: classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi inherited form of hemochromatosis
subtype: acquired_hemochromatosis hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
subtype: infarct__infarction localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
subtype: myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
subtype: macrocytosis the presence of macrocytes in the blood
subtype: fibrosis development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
subtype: cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi fibrosis of the bone marrow
subtype: malacia a state of abnormal softening of tissue
subtype: osteomalacia abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
subtype: neuropathy any pathology of the peripheral nerves
subtype: mononeuropathy any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
subtype: multiple_mononeuropathy pathology of several individual nerve trunks
subtype: myopathy any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
subtype: osteoporosis abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
subtype: priapism condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
subtype: demineralization__demineralisation abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
subtype: pyorrhea__pyorrhoea discharge of pus
subtype: uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
subtype: azoturia excess of urea in the urine
subtype: lesion any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
subtype: tubercle a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
subtype: ulcer__ulceration a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
subtype: aphthous_ulcer a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
subtype: bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
subtype: chancroid infectious venereal ulcer
subtype: peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
subtype: duodenal_ulcer a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
subtype: gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer a peptic ulcer of the stomach
subtype: canker an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
subtype: noli-me-tangere a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
subtype: noma acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
subtype: gangrene__sphacelus__slough necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
subtype: palilalia a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
subtype: reflux an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
subtype: gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
subtype: hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
subtype: ureterorenal_reflux a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
subtype: vesicoureteral_reflux a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
subtype: otorrhea discharge from the external ear
subtype: rhinopathy any disease or malformation of the nose
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
subtype: rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: hydronephrosis accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
subtype: atelectasis collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
subtype: anoxemia abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
subtype: coprolalia an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
subtype: autoimmunity production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
subtype: dysfunction (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
subtype: erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: paralysis__paralysi__palsy loss of the ability to move a body part
subtype: akinesis__akinesia motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
subtype: alalia paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
subtype: cystoplegia__cystoparalysis paralysis of the urinary bladder
subtype: diplegia paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
subtype: Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
subtype: monoplegia paralysis of a single limb
subtype: ophthalmoplegia paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
subtype: paresis__paresi a slight or partial paralysis
subtype: paraparesis__paraparesi a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
subtype: paraplegia paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
subtype: hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis paralysis of one side of the body
subtype: quadriplegia paralysis of both arms and both legs
subtype: sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
subtype: carotenemia excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
subtype: stasis.pathology an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
subtype: uropathy any pathology of the urinary tract
subtype: kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis a disease affecting the kidneys
subtype: nephritis__Bright's_disease an inflammation of the kidney
subtype: glomerulonephritis nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
subtype: nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
subtype: polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
subtype: polyuria renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
subtype: renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
subtype: chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
subtype: renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
subtype: varicosis__varicosi pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
subtype: viremia__viraemia the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
subtype: volvulus abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
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