#order_Sphaeriales__Sphaeriales  large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
  supertype:  fungus_order  the order of fungi
  member of:  class_Pyrenomycetes
  member:  family_Sphaeriaceae__Sphaeriaceae  parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
     member:  genus_Neurospora__Neurospora  genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries
  member:  family_Ceratostomataceae__Ceratostomataceae  fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
     member:  genus_Ceratostomella__Ceratostomella  genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
        member:  Dutch_elm_fungus__Ceratostomella_ulmi  fungus causing Dutch elm disease
  member:  family_Hypocreaceae__Hypocreaceae  family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
     member:  genus_Claviceps__Claviceps  fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
        member:  Claviceps_purpurea__ergot  a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
  member:  family_Xylariaceae__Xylariaceae  family of fungi characterized by dark brown to back spores
     member:  genus_Xylaria__Xylaria  type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata
        member:  black_root_rot_fungus__Xylaria_mali  fungus causing black root rot in apples
        member:  dead-man's-fingers__dead-men's-fingers__Xylaria_polymorpha  the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
     member:  genus_Rosellinia__Rosellinia  fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores

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