#order_Ranales__Ranales__Ranunculales__order_Ranunculales  herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae
  supertype:  #plant_order__plantorder  the order of plants
  member of:  #subclass_Magnoliidae
  member:  #family_Annonaceae__Annonaceae__custard-apple_family__custardapplefamily  chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
     member:  #genus_Annona__Annona  type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs
        member:  #custard_apple_tree__custardappletree__custard_apple__custardapple  any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp
     member:  #genus_Asimina__Asimina  pawpaw
        member:  #papaw_tree__papawtree__pawpaw__papaw__Asimina_triloba  small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit
     member:  #genus_Cananga__Cananga__Canangium__genus_Canangium  a genus of Malayan tree
        member:  #ylang-ylang__ilang-ilang__Cananga_odorata  evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental
     member:  #genus_Oxandra__Oxandra  genus of tropical trees
     member:  #genus_Xylopia__Xylopia  tropical evergreen trees or shrubs; chiefly African
        member:  #Guinea_pepper__negro_pepper__negropepper__Xylopia_aethiopica  tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine
  member:  #family_Berberidaceae__Berberidaceae__barberry_family  shrubs or herbs
     member:  #genus_Berberis__Berberis  large genus of shrubs of temperate zones of New and Old Worlds
        member:  #barberry  any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries
     member:  #genus_Caulophyllum__Caulophyllum  blue cohosh
        member:  #blue_cohosh__blueberry_root__blueberryroot__papooseroot__papoose_root__papooseroot__squawroot__squawroot__caulophyllumthalictrioide__Caulophyllum_thalictroides  tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally
     member:  #genus_Epimedium__Epimedium  herbaceous perennials of Mediterranean to India and eastern Asia
        member:  #barrenwort__bishop's_hat__Epimedium_grandiflorum  slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
     member:  #genus_Mahonia__Mahonia  evergreen shrubs and small trees of North and Central America and Asia
     member:  #genus_Podophyllum__Podophyllum  perennial rhizomatous herbs
        member:  #mayapple__May_apple__wild_mandrake__Podophyllum_peltatum  North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit
  member:  #family_Calycanthaceae__Calycanthaceae__calycanthus_family__calycanthusfamily__strawberry-shrub_family  shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
     member:  #genus_Calycanthus__Calycanthus  a magnoliid dicot genus of the family Calycanthaceae including: allspice
        member:  #allspice.shrub  deciduous shrubs having aromatic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States
     member:  #genus_Chimonanthus__Chimonanthus  small genus of Asian deciduous or evergreen shrubs having fragrant flowers: winter sweet
        member:  #Japan_allspice__Japanese_allspice__winter_sweet__Chimonanthus_praecox  deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers
  member:  #family_Ceratophyllaceae__Ceratophyllaceae  coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
     member:  #genus_Ceratophyllum__Ceratophyllum  constituting the family Ceratophyllaceae: hornworts
        member:  #hornwort.aquatic_plant  any aquatic plant of the genus Ceratophyllum; forms submerged masses in ponds and slow-flowing streams
  member:  #family_Cercidiphyllaceae__Cercidiphyllaceae  1 genus
     member:  #genus_Cercidiphyllum__Cercidiphyllum  1 species: katsura tree
        member:  #katsura_tree__katsuratree__Cercidiphyllum_japonicum  rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn
  member:  #family_Lardizabalaceae__Lardizabalaceae__lardizabala_family__lardizabalafamily  thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
     member:  #genus_Lardizabala__Lardizabala  evergreen monoecious climbers of South America having dark mauve-blue edible berries
  member:  #family_Lauraceae__Lauraceae__laurel_family  a family of Lauraceae
     member:  #laurel  any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family
     member:  #genus_Laurus__Laurus  small evergreen trees or shrubs with aromatic leaves
        member:  #true_laurel__bay__bay_laurel__baylaurel__bay_tree__baytree__Laurus_nobilis  small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors
     member:  #genus_Cinnamomum__Cinnamomum  Asiatic and Australian aromatic trees and shrubs
        member:  #camphor_tree__camphortree__cinnamomumcamphora  large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor
        member:  #Ceylon_cinnamon_tree__cinnamon__Ceylon_cinnamon__Cinnamomum_zeylanicum  tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon
        member:  #Cinnamomum_cassia__cassia__cassia-bark_tree  Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon
        member:  #Saigon_cinnamon__Cinnamomum_loureirii  tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally
     member:  #genus_Lindera__Lindera  aromatic evergreen or deciduous dioecious shrubs or trees of eastern Asia and North America
        member:  #American_spicebush__spicebush__spice_bush__spicebush__Benjamin_bush__Lindera_benzoin__Benzoin_odoriferum  deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries
     member:  #genus_Benzoin__Benzoin  used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera
     member:  #genus_Persea__Persea  avocado
        member:  #avocado_tree__avocadotree__Persea_Americana  tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits
        member:  #laurel-tree__red_bay__redbay__Persea_borbonia  small tree of southern United States having dark red heartwood
     member:  #genus_Sassafras  a genus of Sassafras
        member:  #sassafras_tree__sassafrastree__sassafras__sassafra__Sassafras_albidum  yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America
     member:  #genus_Umbellularia__Umbellularia  aromatic evergreen trees of Pacific coast
        member:  #California_laurel__California_bay_tree__Oregon_myrtle__pepperwood__spice_tree__spicetree__sassafras_laurel__sassafraslaurel__California_olive__mountain_laurel__Umbellularia_californica  Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood
  member:  #family_Magnoliaceae__Magnoliaceae__magnolia_family  subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron; Magnolia; Manglietia
     member:  #genus_Illicium__Illicium  anise trees: evergreen trees with aromatic leaves
        member:  #anise_tree__anisetree  any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium
        member:  #purple_anise__Illicium_floridanum  small shrubby tree with purple flowers; found in wet soils of southeastern United States
        member:  #Illicium_anisatum__star_anise  small shrubby tree of Japan and Taiwan; flowers are not fragrant
        member:  #star_anise__Chinese_anise__Illicium_verum  small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative
     member:  #genus_Magnolia  shrubs or trees of North America or Asia having entire evergreen or deciduous leaves; among most ancient of angiosperm genera
        member:  #magnolia  any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms
     member:  #genus_manglietia__genusmanglietia  a genus of flowering tree of the family Magnoliaceae found from Malay to southern China
     member:  #genus_Liriodendron__Liriodendron  tulip trees
        member:  #tulip_tree__tuliptree__tulip_poplar__tulippoplar__yellow_poplar__canary_whitewood__Liriodendron_tulipifera  tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish yellow flowers and conelike fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work
  member:  #family_Menispermaceae__Menispermaceae__moonseed_family  herbaceous or woody climbers
     member:  #genus_Menispermum__Menispermum  climbing herbs
        member:  #common_moonseed__Canada_moonseed__yellow_parilla__Menispermum_canadense  a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits
     member:  #moonseed  plant of the family Menispermaceae having red or black fruit with crescent- or ring-shaped seeds
     member:  #genus_Cocculus__Cocculus  climbing plants or shrubs
        member:  #Carolina_moonseed__Cocculus_carolinus  woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits
  member:  #family_Myristicaceae__Myristicaceae__nutmeg_family  family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
     member:  #genus_Myristica__Myristica  type genus of Myristicaceae; tropical Asian evergreen trees with small white or yellow flowers followed by fleshy fruits
        member:  #nutmeg_tree__nutmeg__Myristica_fragrans  East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace
  member:  #family_Nymphaeaceae__Nymphaeaceae__water-lily_family  dicot aquatic plants
     member:  #water_lily__waterlily  an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae
     member:  #genus_Nymphaea__Nymphaea  the type genus of the family Nymphaeaceae; any of a variety of water lilies
        member:  #fragrant_water_lily__water_nymph__waternymph__pond_lily__Nymphaea_odorata  a water lily having large leaves and showy fragrant flowers that float on the water; of temperate and tropical regions
        member:  #European_white_lily__Nymphaea_alba  a water lily with white flowers
        member:  #Nymphaea_lotus__lotus__lotu__white_lotus__whitelotu__Egyptian_water_lily__white_lily__whitelily  white Egyptian lotus: water lily of Egypt to southeastern Africa; held sacred by the Egyptians
     member:  #genus_Nuphar__Nuphar  spatterdocks
        member:  #spatterdock__cow_lily__cowlily__yellow_pond_lily__Nuphar_advena  common water lily of eastern and central North America, having broad leaves and globe-shaped yellow flowers; in sluggish fresh or slightly brackish water
        member:  #yellow_water_lily__Nuphar_lutea  a water lily with yellow flowers
     member:  #subfamily_Nelumbonaceae__Nelumbonaceae  in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo
        member:  #genus_Nelumbo__Nelumbo  sometimes placed in the family Nymphaeaceae: lotuses
           member:  #American_lotus__water_chinquapin__waterchinquapin__yanquapin__Nelumbo_lutea  water lily of eastern North America having pale yellow blossoms and edible globular nutlike seeds
     member:  #subfamily_Cabombaceae__Cabombaceae__water-shield_family  in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia
        member:  #genus_Cabomba__Cabomba  alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae; a small genus of American aquatic plants
           member:  #fanwort__water-shield__watershield__Cabomba_caroliniana  common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers
        member:  #genus_Brasenia__Brasenia  alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae
           member:  #water-shield__watershield__Brasenia_schreberi__water-target__watertarget  aquatic plant with floating oval leaves and purple flowers; in lakes and slow-moving streams; suitable for aquariums
  member:  #family_Paeoniaceae__Paeoniaceae__peony_family__peonyfamily  perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
     member:  #genus_Paeonia__Paeonia  peonies: herbaceous or shrubby plants having showy flowers
        member:  #peony__paeony  any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers
  member:  #family_Ranunculaceae__Ranunculaceae__buttercup_family__buttercupfamily__crowfoot_family  a family of Ranunculaceae
     member:  #genus_Ranunculus__Ranunculus  annual, biennial or perennial herbs: buttercup; crowfoot
        member:  #buttercup__butterflower__crowfoot__goldcup__kingcup  any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
        member:  #water_crowfoot__watercrowfoot__water_buttercup__waterbuttercup__Ranunculus_aquatilis  plant of ponds and slow streams having submerged and floating leaves and white flowers; Europe and North America
        member:  #lesser_celandine__pilewort__Ranunculus_ficaria  perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles
        member:  #lesser_spearwort__Ranunculus_flammula  semi-aquatic Eurasian perennial crowfoot with spear-shaped leaves; naturalized in New Zealand
        member:  #sagebrush_buttercup__sagebrushbuttercup__Ranunculus_glaberrimus  small early-flowering buttercup with shiny yellow flowers of western North America
        member:  #greater_spearwort__greaterspearwort__Ranunculus_lingua  semi-aquatic European crowfoot with spear-shaped leaves
     member:  #genus_Aconitum__Aconitum  genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere
        member:  #aconite  any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers
     member:  #genus_Actaea__Actaea  baneberry
        member:  #cohosh__baneberry__herb_Christopher  a plant of the genus Actaea having acrid poisonous berries
     member:  #genus_Adonis__Adonis  annual or perennial herbs
        member:  #pheasant's-eye__Adonis_annua  Eurasian herb cultivated for its dark-centered deep red flowers
     member:  #genus_Anemone  perennial herbs with tuberous roots and beautiful flowers; of north and south temperate regions
        member:  #anemone__windflower  any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves
     member:  #genus_Anemonella__Anemonella  1 species: rue anemone
        member:  #rue_anemone__Anemonella_thalictroides  woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate
     member:  #genus_Aquilegia  columbine
        member:  #columbine__aquilege  a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains
        member:  #meeting_house__meetinghouse__honeysuckle__aquilegiacanadensi  columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers
        member:  #blue_columbine__Aquilegia_coerulia__Aquilegia_scopulorum_calcarea  columbine of Rocky Mts having long-spurred blue flowers
        member:  #granny's_bonnets__Aquilegia_vulgaris  common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States
     member:  #genus_Caltha__Caltha  a genus of Caltha
        member:  #marsh_marigold__marshmarigold__kingcup__meadow_bright__May_blob__cowslip__water_dragon__waterdragon__calthapalustri  swamp plant of Europe and North America having bright yellow flowers resembling buttercups
     member:  #genus_Cimicifuga__Cimicifuga  small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions: bugbane
        member:  #bugbane  a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects
     member:  #genus_Clematis  large genus of deciduous or evergreen woody vines or erect herbs
        member:  #clematis  any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
     member:  #genus_Coptis__Coptis  small genus of low perennial herbs having yellow rhizomes and white or yellow flowers
        member:  #goldthread__golden_thread__Coptis_groenlandica__Coptis_trifolia_groenlandica  low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
     member:  #genus_Consolida__Consolida  plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium
        member:  #rocket_larkspur__Consolida_ambigua__Delphinium_ajacis  commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium
     member:  #genus_Delphinium  large genus of chiefly perennial erect branching herbs of north temperate regions some poisonous
        member:  #delphinium  any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances
     member:  #genus_Eranthis__Eranthis  winter aconite
        member:  #winter_aconite__Eranthis_hyemalis  small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
     member:  #genus_Helleborus__Helleborus  a genus of Helleborus
        member:  #hellebore  any plant of the Eurasian genus Helleborus
     member:  #genus_Hepatica  small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions; allied to genus Anemone
        member:  #hepatica__liverleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having 3-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions
     member:  #genus_Hydrastis__Hydrastis  small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan
        member:  #goldenseal__golden_seal__yellow_root__turmeric_root__Hydrastis_Canadensis  perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves
     member:  #genus_Isopyrum__Isopyrum  tufted perennial herbs of northern hemisphere
        member:  #false_rue_anemone__falserueanemone__false_rue__falserue__Isopyrum_biternatum  slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue
     member:  #genus_Laccopetalum__Laccopetalum  1 species: giant buttercup
        member:  #giant_buttercup__giantbuttercup__Laccopetalum_giganteum  spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus
     member:  #genus_Nigella  erect annual Eurasian herbs
        member:  #nigella  any plant of the genus Nigella
     member:  #genus_Pulsatilla__Pulsatilla  includes a group of plants that in some classifications are included in the genus Anemone: pasqueflowers
        member:  #pasqueflower__pasque_flower  any plant of the genus Pulsatilla; sometimes included in genus Anemone
     member:  #genus_Thalictrum__Thalictrum  widely distributed genus of perennial herbs: meadow rue
        member:  #meadow_rue  any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers
     member:  #genus_Trautvetteria__Trautvetteria  small genus of perennial herbs: false bugbane
        member:  #false_bugbane__falsebugbane__Trautvetteria_carolinensis  tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers
     member:  #genus_Trollius__Trollius  perennial herbs of north temperate regions: globeflowers
        member:  #globeflower__globe_flower__globeflower  any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers
  member:  #family_Winteraceae__Winteraceae__winter's_bark_family  small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
     member:  #genus_Drimys__Drimys  shrubs and trees of southern hemisphere having aromatic foliage
        member:  #winter's_bark_tree__winter's_bark__Drimys_winteri  South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood
     member:  #genus_Pseudowintera__Pseudowintera__Wintera__genus_Wintera  evergreen shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand
        member:  #pepper_shrub__Pseudowintera_colorata__Wintera_colorata  evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having small black fruits

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