#order_Gentianales__Gentianales  an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae
  supertype:  plant_order__plantorder  the order of plants
  member of:  class_Dicotyledones
  member:  family_Apocynaceae__Apocynaceae__dogbane_family__dogbanefamily  chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
     member:  genus_Apocynum__Apocynum  perennial herbs with small pink or white flowers
        member:  dogbane  any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root
     member:  genus_Acocanthera__Acocanthera__Acokanthera__genus_Acokanthera  small genus of trees and shrubs containing strongly toxic cardiac glycosides; Arabia to Africa
        member:  poison_arrow_plant__winter_sweet__Acocanthera_oblongifolia__Acocanthera_spectabilis  medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits
        member:  bushman's_poison__bushman'spoison__ordeal_tree__Acocanthera_oppositifolia__Acocanthera_venenata  evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa
     member:  genus_Adenium__Adenium  1 species: succulent shrub or tree of tropical Africa and Arabia
        member:  impala_lily__mock_azalia__desert_rose__kudu_lily__Adenium_obesum__Adenium_multiflorum  South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics
     member:  genus_Allamanda  genus of tropical American woody vines
        member:  allamanda  a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes
     member:  genus_Alstonia__Alstonia  genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia
        member:  dita_bark__dita__devil_tree__deviltree__Alstonia_scholaris  evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally
     member:  genus_Amsonia__Amsonia  genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America
        member:  blue_star__Amsonia_tabernaemontana  subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes
     member:  genus_Beaumontia__Beaumontia  small genus of evergreen woody vines; East India and Asia
        member:  Nepal_trumpet_flower__Easter_lily_vine__Beaumontia_grandiflora  evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers
     member:  genus_Carissa  Old World genus of tropical evergreen usually spiny shrubs
        member:  carissa  a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plumlike red to purple-black fruits
     member:  genus_Catharanthus__Catharanthus  small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca
        member:  Madagascar_periwinkle__periwinkle__rose_periwinkle__old_maid__oldmaid__Cape_periwinkle__red_periwinkle__redperiwinkle__cayenne_jasmine__cayennejasmine__Catharanthus_roseus__Vinca_rosea  commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers
     member:  genus_Holarrhena__Holarrhena  genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia
        member:  ivory_tree__ivorytree__conessi__kurchi__kurchee__Holarrhena_pubescens__Holarrhena_antidysenterica  tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea
     member:  genus_Mandevilla__Mandevilla__Dipladenia__genus_Dipladenia  genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap
        member:  white_dipladenia__whitedipladenia__Mandevilla_boliviensis__Dipladenia_boliviensis  shrubby climber having glossy leaves and white funnel-shaped flowers with yellow throats
        member:  Chilean_jasmine__Mandevilla_laxa  woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers
     member:  genus_Nerium__Nerium  1 species: oleander
        member:  Nerium_oleander__oleander__rose_bay  an ornamental but poisonous flowering shrub having narrow evergreen leaves and clusters of fragrant white to pink or red flowers: native to East Indies but widely cultivated in warm regions
     member:  genus_Plumeria__Plumeria__Plumiera  deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical America having branches like candelabra and fragrant white or pink flowers
        member:  frangipani__frangipanni  any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers
     member:  genus_Rauwolfia__genus_Rauvolfia  pantropical genus of somewhat poisonous shrubs and small trees
        member:  rauvolfia__rauwolfia  any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives
     member:  genus_Strophanthus  genus of tropical Asiatic and African shrubs and woody vines and small trees
        member:  strophanthus  any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and few-flowered corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds
     member:  genus_Tabernaemontana__Tabernaemontana  evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with milky sap
        member:  crape_jasmine__crapejasmine__crepe_jasmine__crepejasmine__crepe_gardenia__crepegardenia__pinwheel_flower__East_Indian_rosebay__Adam's_apple__Nero's_crown__coffee_rose__Tabernaemontana_divaricate  tropical shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand
     member:  genus_Thevetia__Thevetia  genus of poisonous tropical American evergreen shrubs and trees having entire leaves and large cymose flowers
        member:  yellow_oleander__Thevetia_peruviana__Thevetia_neriifolia  tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous
     member:  genus_Trachelospermum__Trachelospermum  genus of Asiatic woody vines with milky sap in leaves and stems
        member:  star_jasmine__confederate_jasmine__confederatejasmine__Trachelospermum_jasminoides  evergreen Chinese woody climber with shiny dark green leaves and intensely fragrant white flowers
     member:  genus_Vinca__Vinca  periwinkles: low creeping evergreen perennials
        member:  periwinkle  chiefly trailing poisonous plants with blue flowers
  member:  family_Gentianaceae__Gentianaceae__gentian_family__gentianfamily  chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
     member:  genus_Centaurium__Centaurium  genus of low-growing herbs mostly of northern hemisphere having flowers with protruding spirally twisted anthers
        member:  centaury.flower  any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
     member:  genus_Eustoma__Eustoma  small genus of herbs of warm regions of southern North America to northern South America
        member:  prairie_gentian__prairiegentian__tulip_gentian__tulipgentian__bluebell__Eustoma_grandiflorum  one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers laving large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas
     member:  genus_Exacum__Exacum  genus of tropical Asiatic and African plants: especially Persian violets
        member:  Persian_violet__Exacum_affine  perennial cultivated especially as a houseplant for its fragrant bluish to dark lavender flowers
     member:  genus_Frasera__Frasera  genus of North American herbs: columbo; includes some species sometimes placed in genus Swertia
        member:  American_columbo__columbo__deer's-ear__deer's-ears__pyramid_plant__pyramidplant__American_gentian  any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of the United States Pacific states
        member:  green_gentian__greengentian__Frasera_speciosa__Swertia_speciosa  tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia
     member:  genus_Gentiana__Gentiana  type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella
        member:  great_yellow_gentian__Gentiana_lutea  robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers
        member:  marsh_gentian__marshgentian__calathian_violet__calathianviolet__Gentiana_pneumonanthe  perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths
     member:  gentian  any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
     member:  genus_Gentianella__Gentianella  genus of herbs with flowers that resemble gentian; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
        member:  agueweed__ague_weed__five-flowered_gentian__stiff_gentian__stiffgentian__Gentianella_quinquefolia__Gentiana_quinquefolia  gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers
        member:  felwort__gentianella_amarella__gentianellaamarella  gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas
     member:  genus_Gentianopsis__Gentianopsis  genus of fringed gentians; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
        member:  fringed_gentian__fringedgentian  any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana
        member:  Gentianopsid_procera__Gentiana_procera  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America
     member:  genus_Halenia__Halenia  genus of herbs of Eurasia and the Americas: spurred gentians
        member:  spurred_gentian  any of various plants of the genus Halenia having flowers with spurred lobes
     member:  genus_Sabbatia  genus of smooth slender North American herbs with showy flowers
        member:  sabbatia  any of various plants of the genus Sabbatia having usually pink cymose flowers; occur from acid bogs to brackish marshes
     member:  genus_Swertia__Swertia  genus of herbs of mountains of North America and Eurasia and Africa
        member:  marsh_felwort__marshfelwort__Swertia_perennia  perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers
  member:  family_Salvadoraceae__Salvadoraceae__Salvadora_family  a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
     member:  genus_Salvadora__Salvadora  genus of evergreen trees or shrubs; fruit is a drupe; grows in Africa through Arabia to India and China
        member:  toothbrush_tree__mustard_tree__mustardtree__Salvadora_persica  glabrous or pubescent evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Salvadora; twigs are fibrous and in some parts of the world are bound together in clusters and used as a toothbrush; shoots are used as camel fodder; plant ash provides salt
  member:  family_Oleaceae__Oleaceae__olive_family__olivefamily  trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
     member:  genus_Olea__Olea  evergreen trees and shrubs having oily one-seeded fruits
        member:  olive_tree__olivetree  a tree of the genus Olea cultivated for its fruit
        member:  European_olive_tree__olive__Olea_europaea  evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits
        member:  black_maire__blackmaire__Olea_cunninghamii  northern Zealand tree having dense hard light-brown wood
        member:  white_maire__whitemaire__Olea_lanceolata  small New Zealand tree having red pulpy one-seeded fruit
     member:  genus_Chionanthus__Chionanthus  deciduous trees or shrubs: fringe tree
        member:  fringe_tree  any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus
     member:  genus_Forestiera  genus of often spiny American shrubs and trees
        member:  forestiera  any plant of the genus Forestiera
     member:  genus_Forsythia  forsythia
        member:  forsythia  any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers
     member:  genus_Fraxinus__Fraxinus  ash
        member:  ash_tree__ashtree__ash  any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus
     member:  genus_Jasminum__Jasminum  shrubs and woody climbers mostly of tropical and temperate Old World: jasmine; jessamine
        member:  jasmine  any of several shrubs and vines of the genus Jasminum chiefly native to Asia
     member:  genus_Ligustrum__Ligustrum  genus of Old World shrubs: privet
        member:  privet  any of various Old World shrubs having smooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of small white flowers followed by small black berries; many used for hedges
     member:  genus_Osmanthus__Osmanthus  widely distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or trees of southern United States and Middle East and China and Japan
        member:  devilwood__American_olive__Osmanthus_americanus  small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits
     member:  genus_Phillyrea__Phillyrea  small genus of evergreen shrubs of the Mediterranean region
        member:  mock_privet  evergreen shrub with white flowers and olivelike fruits
     member:  genus_Syringa__Syringa  genus of Old World shrubs or low trees having fragrant flowers in showy panicles: lilacs
        member:  lilac  any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers
  member:  family_Menyanthaceae__Menyanthaceae__buckbean_family  a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
     member:  genus_Menyanthes__Menyanthes  the type genus of the Menyanthaceae; one species: bogbeans
        member:  water_shamrock__watershamrock__buckbean__bogbean__bog_myrtle__bogmyrtle__marsh_trefoil__marshtrefoil__Menyanthes_trifoliata  perennial plant of Europe and America having racemes of white or purplish flowers and intensely bitter trifoliate leaves; often rooting at water margin and spreading across the surface
  member:  family_Loganiaceae__Loganiaceae  a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
     member:  genus_Logania__Logania  type genus of the Loganiaceae; Australian and New Zealand shrubs sometimes cultivated for their flowers
     member:  genus_Buddleia  shrubs or trees of warm regions
        member:  butterfly_bush__butterflybush__buddleia  tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers
     member:  genus_Gelsemium__genusgelsemium__Gelsemium  evergreen twining shrubs of Americas and southeastern Asia
        member:  yellow_jasmine__jellow_jessamine__Carolina_jasmine__evening_trumpet_flower__eveningtrumpetflower__Gelsemium_sempervirens  poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers
  member:  family_Asclepiadaceae__Asclepiadaceae__milkweed_family  widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
     member:  asclepiad  any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
     member:  genus_Asclepias__Asclepias  genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed
        member:  milkweed__silkweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
     member:  genus_Araujia__Araujia  small genus of South American evergreen vines
        member:  cruel_plant__Araujia_sericofera  robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
     member:  genus_Cynancum  genus of perennial tropical African lianas
        member:  cynancum  any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic
     member:  genus_Hoya  large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia
        member:  hoya  any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers
     member:  genus_Periploca__Periploca  genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World
        member:  silk_vine__Periploca_graeca  deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
     member:  genus_Sarcostemma__Sarcostemma  succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia
        member:  soma__haoma__Sarcostemma_acidum  leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink
     member:  genus_Stapelia  genus of evil-smelling plants resembling cacti; found from Africa to East India
        member:  stapelia__carrion_flower__carrionflower__starfish_flower  any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large evil-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
        member:  Stapelias_asterias  stapelia of Cape Province Africa having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas
     member:  genus_Stephanotis  genus of Old World tropical woody vines
        member:  stephanotis__stephanoti  any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers
        member:  Madagascar_jasmine__waxflower__Stephanotis_floribunda  twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions
     member:  genus_Vincetoxicum__Vincetoxicum  genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote
        member:  negro_vine__negrovine__Vincetoxicum_hirsutum__Vincetoxicum_negrum  twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers

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