#order.taxonomic_group (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
supertype: #taxonomic_group__taxonomicgroup__taxon animal or plant group having natural relations
member: #suborder #family
member of: #class
subtype: #animal_order the order of animals
subtype: #order_Eubacteriales__Eubacteriales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
subtype: #order_Pseudomonadales__Pseudomonadales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
subtype: #order_Rickettsiales__Rickettsiales pleomorphic gram-negative microorganisms
subtype: #order_Mycoplasmatales__Mycoplasmatales coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae
subtype: #order_Actinomycetales__Actinomycetales filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria
subtype: #order_Myxobacteria__Myxobacterales__order_Myxobacterales__Myxobacteriales__order_Myxobacteriales an order of higher bacteria
subtype: #order_Spirochaetales__Spirochaetales higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms
subtype: #order_Heliozoa__Heliozoa mostly freshwater protozoa
subtype: #order_Radiolaria__Radiolaria marine protozoa
subtype: #order_Amoebida__Amoebida__Amoebina__order_Amoebina the animal order including amoebas
subtype: #order_Foraminifera__Foraminifera foraminifers
subtype: #order_Testacea__Testacea testacean rhizopods
subtype: #order_Fucales__Fucales coextensive with the family Fucaceae
subtype: #order_Zygnematales__Zygnematales__Zygnemales__order_Zygnemales pond scums; desmids
subtype: #order_Dinoflagellata__Dinoflagellata__Cilioflagellata__order_Cilioflagellata in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; in others included in the plant phylum Pyrrophyta
subtype: #order_Hypermastigina__Hypermastigina cellulose-producing flagellates
subtype: #order_Polymastigina__Polymastigina small usually parasitic flagellates
subtype: #order_Coccidia__Coccidia an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Gregarinida__Gregarinida an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Haemosporidia__Haemosporidia an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Sarcosporidia__Sarcosporidia imperfectly known parasites of the muscles of vertebrates
subtype: #order_Haplosporidia__Haplosporidia an order in the subclass Acnidosporidia
subtype: #order_Actinomyxidia__Actinomyxidia parasites of worms
subtype: #order_Mycrosporidia__Mycrosporidia an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
subtype: #order_Myxosporidia__Myxosporidia an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
subtype: #superorder_Malacopterygii__Malacopterygii an extensive group of teleost fishes having fins supported by flexible cartilaginous rays
subtype: #order_Cypriniformes__Cypriniformes an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi
subtype: #order_Berycomorphi__Berycomorphi an order of spiny-finned fish in the superorder Acanthopterygii
subtype: #order_Zeomorphi__Zeomorphi dories
subtype: #order_Solenichthyes__Solenichthyes bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout
subtype: #order_Ostracodermi__Ostracodermi extinct group of armored jawless vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #suborder_Heterostraci__Heterostraci extinct group of armored jawless fishes or fishlike vertebrate; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #suborder_Osteostraci__Osteostraci__Cephalaspida__suborder_Cephalaspida extinct group of armored fishlike vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #order_Anaspida__Anaspida extinct order of jawless vertebrates
subtype: #order_Conodonta__Conodonta__Conodontophorida__order_Conodontophorida extinct order of primitive vertebrates; the precise taxonomy is not clear; in some classifications considered a separate phylum
subtype: #order_Cyclostomata__Cyclostomata primitive jawless aquatic vertebrate: lampreys; hagfishes
subtype: #suborder_Petromyzoniformes__Petromyzoniformes__Hyperoartia__suborder_Hyperoartia lampreys as distinguished from hagfishes
subtype: #suborder_Myxiniformes__Myxiniformes__Hyperotreta__suborder_Hyperotreta__Myxinoidei__Myxinoidea__suborder_Myxinoidei hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys
subtype: #order_Torpediniformes__Torpediniformes rays with torpedo-shaped bodies
subtype: #order_Rajiformes__Rajiformes__Batoidei__order_Batoidei fish with dorsoventrally flattened bodies; includes: rays; skates; guitarfishes; sawfishes
subtype: #superorder_Ratitae__Ratitae used in former classifications to include all ratite bird orders
subtype: #order_Struthioniformes__Struthioniformes a ratite bird order: ostriches and related extinct birds; known from the Pleistocene onward
subtype: #order_Casuariiformes__Casuariiformes a ratite bird order: cassowaries and emus
subtype: #order_Apterygiformes__Apterygiformes a ratite bird order: flightless ground birds having vestigial wings and long bills and small eyes: kiwis
subtype: #order_Rheiformes__Rheiformes a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas
subtype: #order_Aepyorniformes__Aepyorniformes huge extinct flightless birds: elephant birds
subtype: #order_Dinornithiformes__Dinornithiformes a ratite bird order: recently extinct flightless birds of New Zealand
subtype: #order_Insessores__Insessores__perching_birds__perchers birds with feet adapted for perching on trees; this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists
subtype: #order_Passeriformes__Passeriformes largest order of birds comprising about half the known species: rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; in four suborders: Eurylaimi; Tyranni; Menurae: Oscines or Passeres
subtype: #suborder_Oscines__Oscines__Passeres__suborder_Passeres two names for the suborder of typical songbirds
subtype: #suborder_Menurae__Menurae lyrebirds and scrubbirds
subtype: #suborder_Eurylaimi__Eurylaimi broadbills
subtype: #suborder_Tyranni__Tyranni New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers
subtype: #suborder_Clamatores__Clamatores used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song: clamatorial birds
subtype: #order_Raptores__Raptores term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes
subtype: #order_Falconiformes__Falconiformes chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures
subtype: #order_Strigiformes__Strigiformes owls
subtype: #order_Urodella__Urodella__Caudata__order_Caudata salamanders; newts; congo snakes
subtype: #order_Salientia__Salientia__Anura__order_Anura__Batrachia__order_Batrachia frogs, toads, tree toads
subtype: #order_Gymnophiona__Gymnophiona an order of amphibians including caecilians
subtype: #superorder_Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodonta__superorder_Labyrinthodonta extinct amphibians typically resembling heavy-bodied salamanders or crocodiles and having a solid flattened skull and conical teeth; Devonian through Triassic
subtype: #order_Stereospondyli__Stereospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; amphibia having vertebrae whose component elements are fused into a single piece: "most vertebrates are stereospondylous"
subtype: #order_Stegocephalia__Stegocephalia in former classifications a division of Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia
subtype: #order_Temnospondyli__Temnospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate
subtype: #order_Chelonia__Chelonia__Testudinata__order_Testudinata__Testudines__order_Testudines tortoises and turtles
subtype: #order_Rhynchocephalia__Rhynchocephalia tuataras; extinct forms from middle Triassic
subtype: #order_Squamata__Squamata diapsid reptiles: snakes and lizards
subtype: #suborder_Sauria__Sauria__Lacertilia__suborder_Lacertilia true lizards; including chameleons and geckos
subtype: #order_Crocodylia__Crocodylia__Crocodilia__order_Crocodilia crocodiles; alligators; caimans; gavials
subtype: #order_Loricata__Loricata former name for the order Crocodylia
subtype: #order_Ornithischia__Ornithischia extinct terrestrial reptiles having birdlike pelvises: armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans); bone-headed and horned dinosaurs (marginocephalians); duck-billed dinosaurs (euronithopods)
subtype: #suborder_Thyreophora__Thyreophora__thyreophoran armored dinosaurs: stegosaurs and ankylosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Marginocephalia__Marginocephalia__marginocephalian includes bone-headed (pachycephalosaurs) and horned (ceratopsian) dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Pachycephalosaurus bone-headed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous
subtype: #suborder_Ceratopsia__Ceratopsia horned dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Euronithopoda__Euronithopoda__euronithopod__Ornithopoda__suborder_Ornithopoda widespread group including duck-billed dinosaurs and their early relatives (hadrosaurs; trachodon; iguanodon)
subtype: #order_Saurischia__Saurischia extinct terrestrial reptiles: theropods (carnivorous); sauropods (herbivorous)
subtype: #suborder_Sauropodomorpha__Sauropodomorpha gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having huge bodies with long necks and small heads: Prosauropoda and Sauropoda (apatosaurus; diplodocus; titanosaurs)
subtype: #suborder_Prosauropoda__Prosauropoda the earliest known dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Sauropoda__Sauropoda any of the sauropod dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Theropoda__Theropoda carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs with short forelimbs; Jurassic and Cretaceous
subtype: #suborder_Ceratosaura primitive saurischian dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Carnosaura__Carnosaura largest carnivorous land animals ever known
subtype: #suborder_Ornithomimida__Ornithomimida lightly built medium-size theropods
subtype: #suborder_Maniraptora__Maniraptora advanced theropods including oviraptorids and dromaeosaurs and possibly even modern birds
subtype: #order_Therapsida__Therapsida extinct mammal-like reptiles found inhabiting all continents from the mid Permian to late Triassic
subtype: #order_Ictodosauria__Ictodosauria extinct reptiles of the Upper Triassic
subtype: #order_Pelycosauria__Pelycosauria edaphosaurus; dimetrodon
subtype: #order_Pterosauria__Pterosauria extinct flying reptiles: pterosaurs
subtype: #order_Thecodontia__Thecodontia extinct terrestrial reptiles having teeth set in sockets; of the late Permian to Triassic
subtype: #order_Ichthyosauria__Ichthyosauria extinct marine reptiles: ichthyosaurs
subtype: #order_Sauropterygia__Sauropterygia extinct marine reptiles: plesiosaurs; nothosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Plesiosauria__Plesiosauria any of the plesiosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Nothosauria__Nothosauria a suborder of Sauropterygia
subtype: #suborder_Serpentes__Serpentes__Ophidia__suborder_Ophidia snakes
subtype: #order_Phalangida__Phalangida__Opiliones__order_Opiliones harvestmen
subtype: #order_Scorpionida__Scorpionida true scorpions
subtype: #order_Chelonethida__Chelonethida__Pseudoscorpionida__order_Pseudoscorpionida__Pseudoscorpiones__order_Pseudoscorpiones false scorpions
subtype: #order_Pedipalpi__Pedipalpi__Uropygi__order_Uropygi whip scorpions
subtype: #order_Araneae__Araneae__Araneida__order_Araneida spiders
subtype: #order_Acarina__Acarina mites and ticks
subtype: #order_Geophilomorpha__Geophilomorpha small elongate centipedes living in soil and under stones and having more than 30 pairs of legs
subtype: #order_Pycnogonida__Pycnogonida sea spiders
subtype: #order_Xiphosura__Xiphosura horseshoe crabs and extinct forms
subtype: #order_Eurypterida__Eurypterida extinct aquatic arthropods of the Paleozoic
subtype: #order_Galliformes__Galliformes pheasants; turkeys; grouse; partridges; quails; chickens; brush turkeys; curassows; hoatzins
subtype: #order_Tinamiformes__Tinamiformes coextensive with the family Tinamidae
subtype: #order_Columbiformes__Columbiformes sand grouse; pigeons; doves; extinct dodos and solitaires
subtype: #order_Psittaciformes__Psittaciformes an order of birds including parrots and amazons and cockatoos and lorikeets and lories and macaws and parakeets
subtype: #order_Cuculiformes__Cuculiformes cuckoos; touracos; etc.
subtype: #order_Coraciiformes__Coraciiformes rollers; kingfishers; hornbills; hoopoes; motmots; bee eaters; todies
subtype: #order_Picariae__Picariae term used in some classifications as nearly equivalent to the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #order_Apodiformes__Apodiformes swifts; hummingbirds
subtype: #order_Caprimulgiformes__Caprimulgiformes goatsuckers; frogmouths; oilbirds
subtype: #order_Piciformes__Piciformes woodpeckers; jacamars; puffbirds; barbets; honey guides; toucans
subtype: #order_Trogoniformes__Trogoniformes trogons
subtype: #order_Anseriformes__Anseriformes ducks; geese; swans; screamers
subtype: #suborder_Anseres__Anseres used in some especially older classifications; coextensive with the family Anatidae
subtype: #order_Monotremata__Monotremata coextensive with the subclass Prototheria
subtype: #order_Marsupialia__Marsupialia coextensive with the subclass Metatheria
subtype: #order_Insectivora__Insectivora shrews; moles; hedgehogs; tenrecs
subtype: #suborder_Lipotyphla__Lipotyphla moles; hedgehogs; true shrews
subtype: #suborder_Menotyphla__Menotyphla elephant shrews; tree shrews
subtype: #order_Siphonophora__Siphonophora marine colonial hydrozoans
subtype: #order_Actiniaria__Actiniaria__Actinaria__order_Actinaria sea anemones
subtype: #order_Alcyonaria__Alcyonaria corals and sea anemones having eight branches
subtype: #suborder_Alcyonacea__Alcyonacea comprising the soft corals
subtype: #suborder_Gorgonacea__Gorgonacea__Gorgoniacea__suborder_Gorgoniacea red corals and sea fans
subtype: #order_Madreporaria__Madreporaria stony corals
subtype: #order_Cydippida__Cydippida__Cydippidea__order_Cydippidea__Cydippea__order_Cydippea ctenophores having two long pinnate tentacles
subtype: #order_Platyctenea__Platyctenea an order of Tentaculata
subtype: #order_Cestida__Cestida ctenophore having short tentacles; one family
subtype: #order_Lobata__Lobata ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes
subtype: #order_Nudibranchia__Nudibranchia comprising numerous marine gastropod mollusks lacking a shell in the adult state and usually having a body like a slug
subtype: #order_Pulmonata__Pulmonata large order of gastropods usually breathing by means of a lung-like sac comprising most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails
subtype: #order_Pectinibranchia__Pectinibranchia large order of gastropods comprising univalve mollusks that have a single gill resembling a comb
subtype: #order_Solenogastres__Solenogastres__Aplacophora__order_Aplacophora an order of Amphineura
subtype: #order_Myaceae__Myaceae clams
subtype: #order_Octopoda__Octopoda octopuses and paper nautilus
subtype: #order_Decapoda__Decapoda squids and cuttlefishes
subtype: #order_Belemnoidea__Belemnoidea order of extinct dibranchiate cephalopods related to the surviving spirulas
subtype: #Decapoda__order_Decapoda lobsters; crayfish; crabs; shrimps; prawns
subtype: #suborder_Brachyura__Brachyura an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface
subtype: #suborder_Reptantia__Reptantia lobsters; crabs
subtype: #suborder_Natantia__Natantia shrimp; prawns; etc.
subtype: #Schizopoda in former classifications a division of Malacostraca; superseded by the orders Mysidacea and Euphausiacea
subtype: #order_Euphausiacea__Euphausiacea small commonly luminescent crustaceans; important element of marine plankton: krill
subtype: #order_Mysidacea__Mysidacea opossum shrimp
subtype: #order_Stomatopoda__Stomatopoda mantis shrimps
subtype: #order_Isopoda__Isopoda woodlice
subtype: #order_Amphipoda__Amphipoda small flat-bodied semi-terrestrial crustaceans: whale lice; sand-hoppers; skeleton shrimp
subtype: #order_Anostraca__Anostraca small aquatic crustaceans lacking a carapace: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps
subtype: #order_Notostraca__Notostraca small freshwater crustaceans with a shield-shaped carapace
subtype: #order_Branchiura__Branchiura copepods with suctorial mouthparts; parasitic on fishes
subtype: #order_Ciconiiformes__Ciconiiformes order of chiefly tropical marsh-dwelling fish-eating wading birds with long legs and bills and (except for flamingos) unwebbed feet: herons; storks; spoonbills; flamingos; ibises
subtype: #order_Gruiformes__Gruiformes inland marsh-dwelling birds with long legs and necks and bills that wade in water in search of food: cranes; rails; bustards
subtype: #suborder_Otides__Otides terrestrial game birds of the Old World and Australia: bustards
subtype: #order_Charadriiformes__Charadriiformes large diverse order of aquatic birds found along seacoasts and inland waters: shorebirds and coastal diving birds; most feed on anima life
subtype: #suborder_Charadrii__Charadrii shorebirds: plovers; sandpipers; avocets; phalaropes; coursers; stone curlews
subtype: #suborder_Limicolae__Limicolae term used in some classifications for migratory shorebirds; coextensive with the Charadrii
subtype: #suborder_Lari__Lari gulls; terns; jaegers; skimmers
subtype: #order_Gaviiformes__Gaviiformes large aquatic birds: loons and some extinct forms
subtype: #order_Podicipitiformes__Podicipitiformes__Podicipediformes__order_Podicipediformes__Colymbiformes__order_Colymbiformes grebes
subtype: #order_Pelecaniformes__Pelecaniformes pelicans; frigate birds; gannets; cormorants
subtype: #order_Sphenisciformes__Sphenisciformes penguins
subtype: #order_Procellariiformes__Procellariiformes petrels; albatrosses; shearwaters; diving petrels
subtype: #order_Cetacea__Cetacea an order of Eutheria
subtype: #suborder_Mysticeti__Mysticeti baleen whales: right whales; rorquals; blue whales; humpbacks
subtype: #suborder_Odontoceti__Odontoceti toothed whales: dolphins; porpoises; sperm whales; beaked whales
subtype: #order_Sirenia__Sirenia manatees; dugongs; Stellar's sea cow
subtype: #order_Carnivora__Carnivora cats; lions; tigers; panthers; dogs; wolves; jackals; bears; raccoons; skunks; and members of the suborder Pinnipedia
subtype: #suborder_Pinnipedia__Pinnipedia seals; sea lions; walruses
subtype: #order_Tubulidentata__Tubulidentata an order of Eutheria
subtype: #order_Chiroptera__Chiroptera an old order dating to early Eocene: bats: suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bats); suborder Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats)
subtype: #suborder_Megachiroptera__Megachiroptera fruit bats
subtype: #suborder_Microchiroptera__Microchiroptera most of the bats in the world; all bats except fruit bats insectivorous bats
subtype: #order_Mecoptera__Mecoptera an order of carnivorous insects usually having long membranous wings and long beaklike heads with chewing mouths at the tip
subtype: #order_Collembola__Collembola minute wingless arthropods: springtails
subtype: #order_Protura__Protura minute wingless arthropods: telsontails
subtype: #order_Coleoptera__Coleoptera beetles
subtype: #order_Embioptera__Embioptera__Embiodea__order_Embiodea web spinners
subtype: #order_Anoplura__Anoplura sucking lice
subtype: #order_Mallophaga__Mallophaga biting lice
subtype: #order_Siphonaptera__Siphonaptera fleas
subtype: #order_Diptera__Diptera a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths; includes true flies and mosquitoes and gnats and crane flies
subtype: #suborder_Nematocera__Nematocera mosquitoes; fungus gnats; crane flies; gnats; sand flies
subtype: #order_Hymenoptera__Hymenoptera an order of insects including: bees; wasps; ants; ichneumons; sawflies; gall wasps; etc.
subtype: #order_Isoptera__Isoptera order of social insects that live in colonies, including: termites; often placed in subclass Exopterygota
subtype: #order_Orthoptera__Orthoptera grasshoppers and locusts; crickets
subtype: #order_Phasmida__Phasmida__Phasmatodea__order_Phasmatodea in some classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera: stick insects; leaf insects
subtype: #order_Dictyoptera__Dictyoptera in some classifications replaced by the orders (here suborders) Blattodea (cockroaches) and Manteodea (mantids); in former classifications often subsumed under a much broader order Orthoptera
subtype: #suborder_Blattodea__Blattodea__Blattaria__suborder_Blattaria cockroaches; in some classifications considered an order
subtype: #suborder_Manteodea__Manteodea mantises; in former classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera
subtype: #order_Hemiptera__Hemiptera plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g. aphids; plant lice; cicadas)
subtype: #suborder_Heteroptera__Heteroptera true bugs
subtype: #suborder_Homoptera__Homoptera plant lice (aphids); whiteflies; cicadas; leafhoppers; plant hoppers; scale insects and mealybugs; spittle insects
subtype: #order_Psocoptera__Psocoptera__Corrodentia__order_Corrodentia an order of insects: includes booklice and barklice
subtype: #order_Ephemeroptera__Ephemeroptera__Ephemerida__order_Ephemerida mayflies
subtype: #order_Plecoptera__Plecoptera stoneflies
subtype: #order_Neuroptera__Neuroptera an order of insects including: lacewings; antlions; dobsonflies; alderflies; fishflies; mantispids; spongeflies
subtype: #suborder_Megaloptera__Megaloptera in some classifications considered a separate order: alderflies; dobsonflies; snake flies
subtype: #order_Odonata__Odonata dragonflies and damselflies
subtype: #suborder_Anisoptera__Anisoptera dragonflies
subtype: #suborder_Zygoptera__Zygoptera damselflies
subtype: #order_Trichoptera__Trichoptera an order of insects consisting of caddis flies
subtype: #order_Thysanura__Thysanura firebrats; silverfish; machilids
subtype: #order_Thysanoptera__Thysanoptera thrips
subtype: #order_Dermaptera__Dermaptera earwigs and a few related forms
subtype: #order_Lepidoptera__Lepidoptera moths and butterflies
subtype: #order_Exocycloida__Exocycloida flat sea urchins
subtype: #order_Spatangoida__Spatangoida heart-shaped sea urchins
subtype: #order_Lagomorpha__Lagomorpha rabbits; hares; pikas; formerly considered the suborder Duplicidentata of the order Rodentia
subtype: #order_Rodentia__Rodentia small gnawing animals: porcupines; rats; mice; squirrels; marmots; beavers; gophers; voles; hamsters; guinea pigs; agoutis
subtype: #suborder_Myomorpha__Myomorpha true rats and mice and related rodents
subtype: #suborder_Hystricomorpha__Hystricomorpha an order of rodents including: porcupines; guinea pigs; chinchillas; etc.
subtype: #suborder_Sciuromorpha__Sciuromorpha large more or less primitive rodents: squirrels; marmots; gophers; beavers; etc.
subtype: #order_Dinocerata__Dinocerata small order of primitive ungulates of the Paleocene and Eocene
subtype: #order_Hyracoidea__Hyracoidea hyraxes and some extinct animals
subtype: #order_Perissodactyla__Perissodactyla nonruminant ungulates: horses; tapirs; rhinoceros; extinct forms
subtype: #order_Artiodactyla__Artiodactyla an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes
subtype: #suborder_Ruminantia__Ruminantia cattle; bison; sheep; goats; antelopes; deer; chevrotains; giraffes; camels
subtype: #order_Edentata__Edentata order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters; sloths; armadillos
subtype: #suborder_Xenarthra__Xenarthra armadillos; American anteaters; sloths
subtype: #order_Pholidota__Pholidota pangolins; in some former classifications included in the order Edentata
subtype: #order_Primates__Primates an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings
subtype: #suborder_Anthropoidea__Anthropoidea monkeys; apes; hominids
subtype: #order_Scandentia__Scandentia a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)
subtype: #suborder_Prosimii__Prosimii not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea
subtype: #suborder_Lemuroidea__Lemuroidea Lemuridae; Lorisidae; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii; in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii
subtype: #family_Daubentoniidae__Daubentoniidae comprising solely the aye-aye
subtype: #suborder_Strepsirhini__Strepsirhini in some classifications either coextensive with the Lemuroidea or comprising the true lemurs
subtype: #suborder_Tarsioidea__Tarsioidea in some classifications assigned to the suborder Prosimii
subtype: #order_Dermoptera__Dermoptera flying lemurs
subtype: #order_Proboscidea__Proboscidea an order of animals including elephants and mammoths
subtype: #order_Siluriformes__Siluriformes an order of fish belonging to the superorder Malacopterygii including catfishes
subtype: #order_Gadiformes__Gadiformes cods, haddocks, grenadiers; in some classifications considered equivalent to the order Anacanthini
subtype: #order_Anacanthini__Anacanthini at least partially equivalent to the order Gadiformes in some classifications
subtype: #order_Anguilliformes__Anguilliformes__order_Apodes elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced
subtype: #order_Isospondyli__Isospondyli most primitive teleost fishes; all are soft-finned: salmon; trout; herring; shad; sardines; anchovies; whitefish; smelts; tarpon
subtype: #order_Pediculati__Pediculati anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth
subtype: #order_Synentognathi__Synentognathi order of fishes having spineless fins; needlefishes; sauries; flying fishes; halfbeaks
subtype: #superorder_Acanthopterygii__Acanthopterygii teleost fishes having fins with sharp bony rays
subtype: #order_Perciformes__Perciformes__Percomorphi__order_Percomorphi one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna
subtype: #suborder_Percoidea__Percoidea in some classifications nearly or exactly equivalent to the Perciformes which are considered a suborder
subtype: #order_Discocephali__Discocephali small order of fishes comprising the remoras
subtype: #suborder_Mugiloidea__Mugiloidea fishes distinguished by abdominal pelvic fins: families Mugilidae; Atherinidae; Sphyraenidae
subtype: #suborder_Blennioidea__Blennioidea blennies; butterfishes; gunnels
subtype: #suborder_Scombroidea__Scombroidea mackerels; tunas; albacores; bonitos; swordfishes; sailfishes
subtype: #order_Ganoidei__Ganoidei a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales
subtype: #order_Scleroparei__Scleroparei scorpionfishes; sculpins; gurnards; greenlings; flying gurnards
subtype: #suborder_Scorpaenoidea__Scorpaenoidea mail-cheeked fishes: scorpionfishes; gurnards
subtype: #order_Plectognathi__Plectognathi__order_Tetraodontiformes boxfishes; filefishes; globefishes; ocean sunfishes; triggerfishes; puffers
subtype: #order_Heterosomata__Heterosomata__order_Pleuronectiformes flatfishes: halibut; sole; flounder; plaice; turbot; tonguefishes
subtype: #protoctist_order the order of protoctista
subtype: #order_Heterotrichales__Heterotrichales yellow-green algae with simple or branching filaments; comprising the single family Tribonemaceae
subtype: #order_Laminariales__Laminariales in some classifications coextensive with family Laminariaceae: marine brown algae of cold or polar seas
subtype: #order_Ulvales__Ulvales an order of protoctista
subtype: #order_Volvocales__Volvocales chiefly freshwater green algae; solitary or colonial
subtype: #order_Chlorococcales__Chlorococcales unicellular green algae that reproduce by spores
subtype: #Oedogoniales__order_oedogoniales simple or branched filamentous freshwater green algae
subtype: #order_Charales__Charales small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts
subtype: #plant_order__plantorder the order of plants
subtype: #order_Anthocerotales__Anthocerotales hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
subtype: #order_Andreaeales__Andreaeales comprises a single genus: Andreaea
subtype: #order_Bryales__Bryales category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space
subtype: #order_Dicranales__Dicranales widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems
subtype: #order_Eubryales__Eubryales mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules
subtype: #order_Sphagnales__Sphagnales coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass
subtype: #order_Jungermanniales__Jungermanniales large order of chiefly tropical liverworts
subtype: #order_Marchantiales__Marchantiales liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally
subtype: #order_Sphaerocarpales__Sphaerocarpales small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales
subtype: #order_Gnetales__Gnetales chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms
subtype: #order_Cycadales__Cycadales primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms
subtype: #order_Bennettitales__Bennettitales fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
subtype: #order_Cycadofilicales__Cycadofilicales__Lyginopteridales__order_Lyginopteridales fossil gymnospermous trees or climbing plants from the Devonian: seed ferns
subtype: #order_Cordaitales__Cordaitales extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian; probably extinct since the Mesozoic
subtype: #order_Coniferales__Coniferales profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves
subtype: #order_Taxales__Taxales coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews
subtype: #order_Ginkgoales__Ginkgoales coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales
subtype: #order_Ranales__Ranales__Ranunculales__order_Ranunculales herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae
subtype: #order_Myricales__Myricales coextensive with the family Myricaceae
subtype: #order_Arales__Arales Araceae; Lemnaceae
subtype: #order_Aristolochiales__Aristolochiales order of plants distinguished by tubular petaloid perianth and inferior ovary
subtype: #order_Caryophyllales__Caryophyllales__Chenopodiales__order-Chenopodiales corresponds approximately to the older group Centrospermae
subtype: #order_Opuntiales__Opuntiales coextensive with the family Cactaceae: cactuses
subtype: #order_Rhoeadales__Rhoeadales__Papaverales__order_Papaverales an order of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Campanulales__Campanulales an order or plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae
subtype: #order_Orchidales__Orchidales order of plants with irregular flowers having minute seeds: Orchidaceae; Burmanniaceae
subtype: #order_Primulales__Primulales Primulaceae; Theophrastaceae; Myrsinaceae; and (in some classifications) Plumbaginaceae
subtype: #order_Plumbaginales__Plumbaginales coextensive with the family Plumbaginaceae; usually included in order Primulales
subtype: #order_Graminales__Graminales grasses; sedges; rushes
subtype: #order_Pandanales__Pandanales families Typhaceae; Sparganiaceae; Pandanaceae
subtype: #order_Malvales__Malvales Malvaceae; Bombacaceae; Elaeocarpaceae; Sterculiaceae; Tiliaceae
subtype: #order_Umbellales__Umbellales plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)
subtype: #order_Proteales__Proteales coextensive with the family Proteaceae
subtype: #order_Casuarinales__Casuarinales order of chiefly Australian trees and shrubs comprising the casuarinas; 1 family: Casuarinaceae
subtype: #order_Ericales__Ericales Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae
subtype: #family_Ericaceae__Ericaceae__heath_family__heathfamily heathers
subtype: #order_Diapensiales__Diapensiales used in some classifications: coextensive with family Diapensiaceae
subtype: #order_Fagales__Fagales an order of dicotyledonous trees of the subclass Hamamelidae
subtype: #order_Gentianales__Gentianales an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae
subtype: #order_Oleales__Oleales coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales
subtype: #order_Juglandales__Juglandales coextensive with the family Juglandaceae
subtype: #order_Myrtales__Myrtales__Thymelaeales__order_Thymelaeales Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae
subtype: #order_Musales__Musales tropical plants
subtype: #order_Parietales__Parietales__Hypericales__order_Hypericales a large order of dicotyledonous plants of subclass Dilleniidae
subtype: #order_Guttiferales__Guttiferales used in some classifications; coextensive with Parietales
subtype: #order_Urticales__Urticales an order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae
subtype: #order_Liliales__Liliales an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae
subtype: #order_Palmales__Palmales coextensive with the family Palmae: palms
subtype: #order_Plantaginales__Plantaginales coextensive with the family Plantaginaceae
subtype: #order_Polygonales__Polygonales coextensive with the family Polygonaceae,
subtype: #order_Xyridales__Xyridales__Commelinales__order_Commelinales an order of monocotyledonous herbs
subtype: #order_Naiadales__Naiadales__Alismales__order_Alismales an order of aquatic monocotyledonous herbaceous plants
subtype: #order_Rosales__Rosales in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae
subtype: #order_Rubiales__Rubiales an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary
subtype: #order_Geraniales__Geraniales an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae
subtype: #order_Salicales__Salicales coextensive with the family Salicaceae
subtype: #order_Santalales__Santalales order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots
subtype: #order_Sapindales__Sapindales an order od dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Ebenales__Ebenales trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae
subtype: #order_Sarraceniales__Sarraceniales plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae
subtype: #order_Polemoniales__Polemoniales Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #order_Scrophulariales__Scrophulariales used in some classification systems; often included in the order Polemoniales
subtype: #order_Ophioglossales__Ophioglossales coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae
subtype: #order_Rhamnales__Rhamnales an order of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Piperales__Piperales Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae
subtype: #order_Filicales__Filicales__Polypodiales__order_Polypodiales true (leptosporangiate) ferns
subtype: #order_Marattiales__Marattiales lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae
subtype: #order_Psilotales__Psilotales lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots
subtype: #order_Psilophytales__Psilophytales Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants
subtype: #order_Equisetales__Equisetales lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian
subtype: #order_Lepidodendrales__Lepidodendrales fossil arborescent plants arising during the Lower Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous
subtype: #order_Lycopodiales__Lycopodiales lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
subtype: #order_Selaginellales__Selaginellales in some classifications included in Lycopodiales
subtype: #order_Isoetales__Isoetales aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales
subtype: #fungus_order the order of fungi
subtype: #order_Erysiphales__Erysiphales saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants
subtype: #order_Sphaeriales__Sphaeriales large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
subtype: #order_Hypocreales__Hypocreales used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae
subtype: #order_Helotiales__Helotiales order of fungi having asci in a disk- to goblet-shaped apothecium
subtype: #order_Sclerodermatales__Sclerodermatales an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
subtype: #order_Hymenogastrales__Hymenogastrales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
subtype: #order_Mucorales__Mucorales an order of mostly saprophytic fungi
subtype: #order_Entomophthorales__Entomophthorales coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae
subtype: #order_Chytridiales__Chytridiales simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
subtype: #order_Blastocladiales__Blastocladiales fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
subtype: #order_Saprolegniales__Saprolegniales order of chiefly aquatic fungi
subtype: #order_Peronosporales__Peronosporales order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae
subtype: #order_Tuberales__Tuberales small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
subtype: #order_Lichenales__Lichenales category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
subtype: #order_Lechanorales__Lechanorales category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia
subtype: #order_Agaricales__Agaricales typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
subtype: #order_Endomycetales__Endomycetales fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
subtype: #order_Eurotiales__Eurotiales__Aspergillales__order_Aspergillales order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium
subtype: #order_Pezizales__Pezizales order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps
subtype: #order_Tulostomatales__Tulostomatales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
subtype: #order_Lycoperdales__Lycoperdales small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars
subtype: #order_Nidulariales__Nidulariales small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae
subtype: #order_Secotiales__Secotiales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
subtype: #order_Aphyllophorales__Aphyllophorales includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales
subtype: #order_Tremellales__Tremellales fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic
subtype: #order_Auriculariales__Auriculariales coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales
subtype: #order_Uredinales__Uredinales rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in
subtype: #order_Ustilaginales__Ustilaginales parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes
subtype: #order_Moniliales__Moniliales order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
subtype: #order_Mycelia_Sterilia__Mycelia_Sterilia order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage
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