#natural_object__naturalobject an object occurring naturally; not made by man
exclusion: #artifact
supertype: #physical_object__object a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"
subtype: #cocoon silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs
subtype: #body__organic_structure__organicstructure__physical_structure the entire physical structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire"
subtype: #life_form the characteristic bodily form of a mature organism
subtype: #human_body__humanbody__physical_body__material_body__soma__build__figure__physique__anatomy__shape__bod__chassis__frame__form__flesh alternative names for the body of a human being; "Leonardo studied the human body"; "he has a strong physique"; "the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak"
subtype: #person_body a person's body (usually including their clothing); "a weapon was hidden on his person"
subtype: #juvenile_body the body of a young person
subtype: #child's_body__child'sbody the body of a human child
subtype: #adult_body__adultbody the body of an adult human being
subtype: #woman's_body__woman'sbody__adult_female_body the body of an adult woman
subtype: #man's_body__man'sbody__adultmalebody the body of an adult man
subtype: #male_body the body of a male human being
subtype: #man's_body__man'sbody__adultmalebody the body of an adult man
subtype: #female_body the body of a female human being
subtype: #woman's_body__woman'sbody__adult_female_body the body of an adult woman
subtype: #dead_body__body body of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake"
subtype: #carcase__carcass__carcas the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food
subtype: #carrion the dead and rotting body of an animal
subtype: #cadaver__stiff__clay__remains__remain the dead body of a human being
subtype: #cremains the remains of a dead body after cremation
subtype: #mummy a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)
subtype: #live_body a living body of an animal or person
subtype: #system.live_body the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
subtype: #asterism (astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation)
instance: #Big_Dipper__Dipper__Plough__Charles's_Wain__Wain__Wagon #Little_Dipper__Dipper
subtype: #black_body__blackbody__blackbody__full_radiator a hypothetical object capable of absorbing all the electromagnetic radiation falling on it; "a black body maintained at a constant temperature is a full radiator at that temperature because the radiation reaching and leaving it must be in equilibrium"
subtype: #body.natural_object an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
subtype: #chromosome a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
subtype: #sex_chromosome__sexchromosome a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; "mammals normally have two sex chromosomes"
subtype: #X_chromosome the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females; "human females normally have two X chromosomes"
subtype: #XX (genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female
subtype: #XXX (genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female
subtype: #XXY (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome
subtype: #XY (genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male
subtype: #XYY (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes
subtype: #Y_chromosome the sex chromosome that is carried by men; "human males normally have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome"
subtype: #autosome__somatic_chromosome__somaticchromosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa
subtype: #acentric_chromosome a chromosome lacking a centromere
subtype: #acrocentric_chromosome__acrocentricchromosome a chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long
subtype: #metacentric_chromosome__metacentricchromosome a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position
subtype: #telocentric_chromosome__telocentricchromosome a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position
subtype: #inclusion_body__inclusionbody__cellular_inclusion__inclusion any small intracellular body found within another (characteristic of certain diseases); "an inclusion in the cytoplasm of the cell"
subtype: #plasmid a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
subtype: #Russell's_body__cancer_body an inclusion body found in plasma cells in cases of cancer
subtype: #mass.body a body of matter without definite shape; "a huge ice mass"
subtype: #coprolith__fecalith__faecalith__stercolith a hard mass of dried feces
subtype: #pulp any soft or soggy mass; "he pounded it to a pulp"
subtype: #particle a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions
subtype: #virion a complete viral particle; nucleic acid and capsid (and a lipid envelope in some viruses)
subtype: #alpha_particle__alphaparticle a positively charged particle that is the nucleus of the helium atom; emitted from natural or radioactive isotopes
subtype: #beta_particle a high-speed electron or positron emitted in the decay of a radioactive isotope
subtype: #boson any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons
subtype: #gauge_boson__gaugeboson a particle that mediates the interaction of two elementary particles
subtype: #gluon a gauge boson that mediates strong interaction among quarks
subtype: #gravitons__graviton a gauge boson that mediates the (extremely weak) gravitational interactions between particles
subtype: #intermediate_vector_bosons a gauge boson that mediates weak interactions between particles
subtype: #photon a quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle
subtype: #meson__mesotron an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0
subtype: #b-meson__bmeson exceedingly short-lived meson
subtype: #J_particle__psi_particle__psiparticle a neutral meson with a large mass
subtype: #kaon__kappa-meson__kappameson__k-meson__kmeson__K_particle an unstable meson produced as the result of a high-energy particle collision
subtype: #pion__pi-meson a meson produced as the result of high-energy particle collision
subtype: #deuteron the nucleus of deuterium; consists of one proton and one neutron; used as a bombarding particle in accelerators
subtype: #elementary_particle__fundamental_particle__fundamentalparticle__subatomicparticle a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter
subtype: #antilepton the antiparticle of a lepton
subtype: #antimuon__positive_muon the antiparticle of a muon; decays to positron and neutrino and antineutrino
subtype: #antineutrino the antiparticle of a neutrino
subtype: #antitauon__tau-plus_particle an antilepton of very great mass
subtype: #positron__antielectron an elementary particle with positive charge; interaction of a positron and an electron results in annihilation
subtype: #antiparticle a particle that has the same mass as another particle but has opposite values for its other properties; interaction of a particle and its antiparticle results in annihilation and the production of radiant energy
subtype: #antiquark the antiparticle of a quark
subtype: #hadron any elementary particle that interacts strongly with other particles
subtype: #antibaryon the antiparticle of a baryon; a hadron with a baryon number of -1
subtype: #antimeson the antiparticle of a meson
subtype: #baryon__heavy_particle__heavyparticle any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1
subtype: #hyperon any baryon that is not a nucleon; unstable particle with mass greater than a neutron
subtype: #lambda_particle__lambda_hyperon an electrically neutral baryon with isotopic spin 1
subtype: #nucleon a constituent (proton or neutron) of an atomic nucleus
subtype: #antineutron the antiparticle of a neutron
subtype: #antiproton an unstable negatively charged proton; the antiparticle of a proton
subtype: #neutron an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus
subtype: #proton a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron
subtype: #hydrogen_ion a positively charged atom of hydrogen; that is to say, a normal hydrogen atomic nucleus
subtype: #meson__mesotron an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0
subtype: #lepton an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0
subtype: #electron__negatron an elementary particle with negative charge
subtype: #delta_ray__deltaray an electron ejected from matter by ionizing radiation
subtype: #free_electron electron that is not attached to an atom or ion or molecule but is free to move under the influence of an electric field
subtype: #photoelectron an electron that is emitted from an atom or molecule by an incident photon
subtype: #valence_electron__valenceelectron an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules
subtype: #negative_muon__muon__mu-meson an elementary particle with a negative charge and a half-life of 2 microsecond; decays to electron and neutrino and antineutrino
subtype: #neutrino an elementary particle with zero charge and zero mass
subtype: #tauon__tau-minus_particle__tauminusparticle a lepton of very great mass
subtype: #quark hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3
subtype: #bottom_quark__beauty_quark a quark with a charge of -1/3 and a mass about 10,000 times that of an electron
subtype: #charm_quark a quark with an electric charge of +2/3 and a mass 2900 times that of an electron and a charm of +1
subtype: #down_quark a stable quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 607 times that of an electron
subtype: #strange_quark__strangequark__squark a quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 988 times that of an electron and a strangeness of -1
subtype: #top_quark__topquark__truth_quark__truthquark a hypothetical quark with a charge of +2/3 and a mass more than 100,000 times that of an electron
subtype: #up_quark a stable quark with an electric charge of +2/3 and a mass 607 times that of an electron
subtype: #strange_particle__strangeparticle an elementary particle with non-zero strangeness
subtype: #fermion any particle that obeys Fermi-Dirac statistics and is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle
subtype: #baryon__heavy_particle__heavyparticle any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1
subtype: #lepton an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0
subtype: #magnetic_monopole a hypothetical particle with a single magnetic pole instead of the usual two
subtype: #micelle an electrically charged particle built up from polymeric molecules or ions and occurring in certain colloidal electrolytic solutions like soaps and detergents
subtype: #prion (microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system
subtype: #virino (microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins
subtype: #scintilla a sparkling glittering particles
subtype: #superstring a hypothetical particle that is the elementary particle in a theory of space-time
subtype: #thermion an electrically charged particle (electron or ion) emitted by a substance at a high temperature
subtype: #celestial_body__celestialbody__heavenly_body natural objects visible in the sky
subtype: #planet any of the celestial bodies (other than comets or satellites) that revolve around the sun in the solar system
subtype: #asteroid__minor_planet__minorplanet__planetoid any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)
subtype: #Pallas a large asteroid; the second asteroid to be discovered
instance: #Apollo_asteroid #Ceres #Vesta
subtype: #evening_star__eveningstar__Hesperus__Vesper a planet (usually Venus) seen at sunset in the western sky
subtype: #morning_star__morningstar__daystar__phosphoru a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky
subtype: #superior_planet any of the planets whose orbit lies outside the earth's orbit
subtype: #Jovian_planet__gas_giant__gasgiant any of the four outermost planets in the solar system; much larger than Earth and gaseous in nature (like Jupiter)
instance: #Jupiter #Neptune.Jovian_planet__neptune #Saturn #Uranus
instance: #Red_Planet__Mars #Pluto
subtype: #terrestrial_planet__terrestrialplanet a planet having a compact rocky surface like the Earth's; the four innermost planets in the solar system
subtype: #inferior_planet any of the planets whose orbit lies inside the earth's orbit
instance: #Mercury #Venus
instance: #Earth.terrestrial_planet__earth__globe #Red_Planet__Mars
subtype: #planetesimal one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system
subtype: #quasar__quasi-stellar_radio_source__quasistellarradiosource a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; large red shifts imply enormous recession velocities
subtype: #satellite any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star
subtype: #Deimos the smaller of the two satellites of Mars
subtype: #Galilean_satellite__Galilean one of the four satellites of Jupiter that were discovered by Galileo
instance: #Callisto #Europa #Ganymede #Io
subtype: #moon.satellite any natural satellite of a planet; "Jupiter has sixteen moons"
subtype: #moon the natural satellite of the Earth; "the average distance to the moon is 384,400 kilometers"; "men first stepped on the moon in 1969"
subtype: #Phobos the larger of the two satellites of Mars
instance: #Titan.satellite__titan
subtype: #star (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior
subtype: #binary_star__binary__double_star a system of two stars that revolve around each other under their mutual gravitation
subtype: #Altair double star 15.7 light years from Earth; the brightest star in the Aquila constellation
subtype: #Sirius__Dog_Star__Canicula__Sothis the brightest star in the sky; in Canis Major
instance: #Aldebaran #Algol #Alpha_Centauri__Rigil_Kent__Rigil #Antares #Epsilon_Aurigae #Procyon #Rigel__Beta_Orionis #Vega
subtype: #Deneb the brightest star in Cygnus
subtype: #Denebola a star in Leo approximately 43 light years from Earth
subtype: #fixed_star__fixedstar any star in the Ptolemaic theory of planetary motion
subtype: #giant_star__giantstar__giant a very bright star of large diameter and low density (relative to the Sun)
instance: #Arcturus #Capella
subtype: #loadstar__lodestar guiding star; a star that is used as a reference point in navigation of astronomy
instance: #Polaris__North_Star__polar_star__polarstar__polestar
subtype: #multiple_star a system of three or more stars associated by gravity
instance: #Castor__Alpha_Geminorum #the_Trapezium__Trapezium
subtype: #neutron_star__neutronstar a star that has collapsed under its own gravity; it is composed of neutrons
subtype: #pulsar a degenerate neutron star; small and extremely dense; rotates very fast and emits regular pulses of polarized radiation
subtype: #nova a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process
subtype: #red_dwarf_star__reddwarfstar__red_dwarf__reddwarf a small cool star; approximately 100 times the mass of Jupiter
subtype: #flare_star__flarestar a red dwarf star in which luminosity can change several magnitudes in a few minutes
instance: #Proxima_Centauri__Proxima
subtype: #red_giant_star__redgiantstar__red_giant__redgiant a large cool star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the sun
subtype: #sun a typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system; "the sun contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system"
subtype: #sun.star any star around which a planetary system evolves
subtype: #supergiant an extremely bright star of very large diameter and low density
subtype: #Canopus supergiant star 650 light years from Earth; second brightest star in the sky
instance: #Betelgeuse__Alpha_Orionis
subtype: #supernova a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process
instance: #Crab_Nebula
subtype: #variable_star__variable a star that varies noticeably in brightness
instance: #Polaris__North_Star__polar_star__polarstar__polestar
subtype: #white_dwarf_star__whitedwarfstar__white_dwarf__whitedwarf a faint star of enormous density
instance: #Alpha_Crucis #Beta_Centauri #Beta_Crucis #Pollux #Regulus #Spica #Sterope__Asterope
subtype: #star.celestial_body any celestial body visible (as a point of light) from the Earth at night
subtype: #constellation a configuration of stars as seen from the earth
subtype: #Antlia a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Hydra and Vela
subtype: #Apus a constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Octans
subtype: #Aquarius a zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Capricornus and Pisces
subtype: #Aquila a constellation in the Milky Way near Cygnus; contains the star Altair
subtype: #Ara a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Norma
subtype: #Argo formerly a large constellation in the southern hemisphere between Canis Major and the Southern Cross; now divided into Carina and Pyxis and Puppis and Vela
subtype: #Aries a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Pisces and Taurus
subtype: #Caelum a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Columba and Eridanus
subtype: #Cancer a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
subtype: #Carina a keel-shaped constellation in the southern hemisphere; contains the start Canopus
subtype: #Cetus a large constellation on the equator near Pisces and Aquarius
subtype: #Chamaeleon__Chameleon a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Apus and Mensa
subtype: #Circinus a small faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Musca and Triangulum Australe
subtype: #Columba__Dove a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Puppis and Caelum
subtype: #Delphinus a constellation in the northern hemisphere near Pegasus and Aquila
subtype: #Dorado a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud
subtype: #Dragon__Draco a faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus
subtype: #Eridanus a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Fornax and Cetus
subtype: #Fornax a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Cetus and Phoenix
subtype: #Gemini a zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere between Taurus and Cancer on the ecliptic
subtype: #Grus__the_Crane a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Phoenix
subtype: #Indus a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Tucana
subtype: #Leo a zodiacal constellation in northern hemisphere between Cancer and Virgo
subtype: #Lepus a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Orion and Columba
subtype: #Libra a small faint zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Virgo and Scorpius
subtype: #Mensa a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere and containing part of the Large Magellanic Cloud
subtype: #Microscopium a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Sagittarius and Capricornus
subtype: #Musca a small constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross and Chamaeleon
subtype: #Norma a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Lupus and Ara in the Milky Way
subtype: #Octans the constellation that includes the southern celestial pole
subtype: #Ophiuchus a large constellation in the equatorial region between Hercules and Scorpius
subtype: #Pavo a small constellation near the South Pole between Tucana and Ara
subtype: #Perseus a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Auriga and Cassiopeia and crossed by the Milky Way
subtype: #Phoenix.constellation__phoenix a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Tucana and Sculptor
subtype: #Pictor a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Columba
subtype: #Pisces.constellation__pisce a large faint zodiacal constellation; between Aquarius and Aries
subtype: #Puppis a stern-shaped constellation in the southern hemisphere between Vela and Canis Major
subtype: #Pyxis a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Puppis and Antlia
subtype: #Reticulum a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Hydrus
subtype: #Sagitta a small constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cygnus and Aquila and crossed by the Milky Way
subtype: #Sagittarius a large zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Scorpius and Capricornus
subtype: #Sculptor a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Phoenix and Cetus
subtype: #Serpens a constellation in the equatorial region of the northern hemisphere near Ophiuchus and Corona Borealis
subtype: #Virgo a large zodiacal constellation on the equator; between Leo and Libra
instance: #Andromeda #Auriga__Charioteer #Bootes #Canis_Major__Great_Dog #Canis_Minor__Little_Dog #Capricornus__Capricorn #Cassiopeia #Centaurus__Centaur__The_Centaur #Cepheus #Coma_Berenices #Corona_Borealis__coronaboreali #Corvus__Crow #Crater #Cygnus #Great_Bear__Ursa_Major #Hercules #Snake__Hydra #Hydrus #Little_Bear__Ursa_Minor #Lupus #Lyra #Orion.constellation__orion__thehunter #Pegasus.constellation__pegasu #Scorpius__Scorpio #Southern_Cross__Crux__Crux_Australis #Taurus #Telescopium #Triangulum__the_Triangle #Triangulum_Australe__Southern_Triangle #Tucana #Vela #Volans #Vulpecula
subtype: #natural_covering__naturalcovering__covering__cover a natural object that covers or envelops; "the fox was flushed from its cover"
subtype: #scale.natural_covering a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
subtype: #fish_scale scale of the kind that covers the bodies of fish
subtype: #squama a protective structure resembling a scale
subtype: #alula__calypter scale-like structure between the base of the wing and the halter of a two-winged fly
subtype: #mollusc_shell__molluscshell__shell the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc
subtype: #scallop_shell__scallopshell a shell of a scallop
subtype: #oyster_shell a shell of an oyster
subtype: #phragmocone__phragmacone the thin conical chambered internal shell (either straight or curved) of a belemnite
subtype: #seashell the shell of a marine organism
subtype: #clamshell the shell of a clam
subtype: #test.natural_covering a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
subtype: #body_covering any covering for the body or a body part
subtype: #pelt__hide__skin body covering of a living animal
subtype: #feather__plume__plumage the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds
subtype: #down_feather__down soft fine feathers
subtype: #duck_down down of the duck
subtype: #eiderdown down of the eider duck
subtype: #goose_down__goosedown down of the goose
subtype: #swan's_down down of the swan
subtype: #plumule down feather of young birds; persists in some adult birds
subtype: #aftershaft a supplementary feather (usually small) on the underside of the base of the shaft of some feathers in some birds
subtype: #contour_feather__contourfeather feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape
subtype: #bastard_wing__bastardwing__alula__spurious_wing tuft of small stiff feathers on the first digit of a bird's wing
subtype: #marabou downy feathers of marabou storks used for trimming garments
subtype: #hackle long slender feather on the necks of e.g. turkeys and pheasants
subtype: #saddle_hackle__saddle_feather a long narrow feather on the back (saddle) of a domestic fowl
subtype: #flight_feather__pinion__quill__quill_feather__quillfeather any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird
subtype: #primary_feather__primaryfeather__primary__primaryquill one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing
subtype: #tail_feather feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird
subtype: #sickle_feather one of the long curved tail feathers of a rooster
subtype: #scapular a feather covering the shoulder of a bird
subtype: #protective_covering tough natural covering of some organisms
subtype: #armour__armor tough more-or-less rigid protective covering of an animal or plant
subtype: #scute large bony or horny plate as on an armadillo or turtle
subtype: #sclerite hard plate or element of the exoskeleton of some arthropods
subtype: #clypeus a shield-like plate on the front of an insect's head
subtype: #tegument__skin__cutis__cuti a natural protective covering of the body; site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
subtype: #investment outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
subtype: #pellicle thin protective membrane in some protozoa
subtype: #thick_skin__thickskin skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
subtype: #skin_graft a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
subtype: #buff bare skin; "swimming in the buff"
subtype: #dewlap a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
subtype: #prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
subtype: #foreskin__prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
subtype: #scalp the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
subtype: #hangnail__agnail a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
subtype: #exuviae cast-off skins or coverings of various organisms during ecdysis
subtype: #hair dense growth of hairs covering the body or parts of it (as on the human head); helps prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair"
subtype: #pelage__coat growth of hair or wool or fur covering the body of an animal
subtype: #fur.pelage dense coat of fine silky hairs on an mammals e.g. cat or seal or weasel
subtype: #underfur__undercoat thick soft fur lying beneath the longer and coarser guard hair
subtype: #wool.pelage__fleece outer coat of especially sheep and yaks
subtype: #guard_hair__guardhair coarse hairs that form the outer fur and protect the underfur of certain mammals
subtype: #mane long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck
subtype: #encolure the mane of a horse
subtype: #forelock.hair__foretop a lock of a horse's mane that grows forward between the ears
subtype: #beard hairy growth on or near the face of certain mammals
subtype: #body_hair short hair growing over a person's body
subtype: #lanugo the fine downy hair covering a human fetus; normally shed during the ninth month of gestation
subtype: #head_of_hair__mane growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being
subtype: #cowlick a tuft of hair that grows in a different direction from the rest of the hair and usually will not lie flat
subtype: #hairdo__hair_style__coiffure the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair)
subtype: #beehive.hairdo a hairdo resembling a beehive
subtype: #haircut.hairdo the style in which hair haw been cut
subtype: #brush_cut__brushcut a short haircut with hairs standing up like a brush
subtype: #crew_cut__flattop a closely cropped haircut; usually for men
subtype: #Mohican_haircut__Mohican haircut in which the head is shaved except for a band of hair down the middle of the scalp
subtype: #Afro a rounded thickly curled hairdo
subtype: #bang a fringe of banged hair (cut short squarely across the forehead)
subtype: #bob.hairdo a hair style for women and children; a short haircut all around
subtype: #wave.hairdo a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
subtype: #finger_wave a wave made with the fingers
subtype: #permanent_wave__permanentwave__permanent__perm a series of waves in the hair made by applying heat and chemicals
subtype: #braid__plait__tress__tres a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair
subtype: #queue a braid of hair at the back of the head
subtype: #pigtail a braid of hair on either side of the face
subtype: #chignon a roll of hair worn at the nape of the neck
subtype: #pageboy a smooth hair style with the ends of the hair curled inward
subtype: #pompadour a hair style in which the front hair is swept up from the forehead
subtype: #ponytail a hair style that draws the hair back so that it hangs down in back of the head like a pony's tail
subtype: #scalp_lock__scalplock a long tuft of hair left on top of the shaven head
subtype: #thatch hair resembling thatched roofing material
subtype: #curl__lock__ringlet__whorl a strand or cluster of hair
subtype: #sausage_curl__sausagecurl a fat sausage-shaped curl
subtype: #forelock a lock of hair growing (or falling) over the forehead
subtype: #quiff a prominent forelock (especially one brushed upward from the forehead)
subtype: #crimp a lock of hair that has been artificially waved or curled
subtype: #pin_curl__pincurl a curl of hair made by dampening a strand of hair and curling it and holding the curl with a clip or bobby pin
subtype: #spit_curl__kiss_curl a spiral curl plastered on the forehead or cheek
subtype: #dreadlock one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians
subtype: #face_fungus__beard__whiskers the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face
subtype: #fuzz the first beard of an adolescent boy
subtype: #Imperial_beard__imperial a small tufted beard worn by Emperor Napoleon III
subtype: #beaver.face_fungus a full beard
subtype: #sideburn__burnside__mutton_chop__side-whiskers beard grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off)
subtype: #goatee a small chin beard trimmed into a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard
subtype: #mustache__moustache an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; "he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache"
subtype: #soup-strainer__toothbrush (informal) slang terms for a mustache
subtype: #mustachio__moustachio__handle-bars a large bushy moustache (with hair growing sometimes down the sides of the mouth)
subtype: #walrus_mustache__walrusmustache a bushy droopy mustache
subtype: #pubic_hair__pubichair__bush__crotch_hair hair growing in the pubic area
subtype: #minge vulgar term for a woman's pubic hair or genitals
subtype: #eyebrow__brow__supercilium the arch of hair above each eye
subtype: #eyelash__lash__cilium any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids
subtype: #headful a covering over the surface of your head; "a headful of tight curls"; "a headful of lice"
subtype: #epicranium the muscle and aponeurosis and skin covering the cranium
subtype: #exoskeleton the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
subtype: #carapace__shell__cuticle hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles
subtype: #cuticula the outer body wall of an insect
subtype: #sheath.natural_covering__case an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part
subtype: #theca outer sheath of the pupa of certain insects
subtype: #lorica a hard protective sheath as secreted by certain protoctists e.g.
subtype: #medullary_sheath__medullarysheath__myelin_sheath a layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers
subtype: #neurolemma__neurilemma thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber
subtype: #husk outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds
subtype: #cornhusk the husk of an ear of corn
subtype: #hull.husk dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut
subtype: #shell.hull the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts
subtype: #nutshell the shell around the kernel of a nut
subtype: #seedcase__pod__cod the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
subtype: #pea_pod__peapod__peasecod husk of a pea; edible in some garden peas
subtype: #bract a modified leaf or leaflike part just below and protecting an inflorescence
subtype: #epicalyx__false_calyx__calycle__calyculu a group of bracts simulating a calyx as in a carnation or hibiscus
subtype: #bracteole a small bract
subtype: #spathe a conspicuous bract surrounding or subtending a spadix or other inflorescence
subtype: #involucre a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence
subtype: #glume small dry membranous bract found in inflorescences of Gramineae and Cyperaceae
subtype: #flowering_glume__floweringglume__lemma the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae
subtype: #integument an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell
subtype: #blanket.natural_covering__mantle anything that covers; "there was a blanket of snow"
subtype: #incrustation__crust__encrustation a hard outer layer that covers something
subtype: #tartar__calculus an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums
subtype: #envelope.natural_covering a natural covering (as by a fluid); "the spacecraft detected an envelope of gas around the comet"
subtype: #object_shell__shell a rigid covering that envelops an object; "the satellite is covered with a smooth shell of ice"
subtype: #eggshell__shell the exterior covering of a bird's egg
subtype: #slough any outer covering that can be shed or cast off (such as the cast-off skin of a snake)
subtype: #peridium outer layer of the spore-bearing organ in many fungi
subtype: #pericarp__seed_vessel the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary
subtype: #epicarp__exocarp outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape
subtype: #endocarp__stone__pit the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed
subtype: #peach_pit__peachpit the stone seed of a peach
subtype: #cherry_stone the stone seed of a cherry
subtype: #capsule.pericarp a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
subtype: #bilocular_capsule__bilocularcapsule a capsule divided into two cells or compartments
subtype: #boll the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant
subtype: #silique__siliqua narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae
subtype: #silicle short broad silique occurring in some cruciferous plants
subtype: #bur.pericarp__burr seed vessel having hooks or prickles
subtype: #spanish_needles__spanishneedle__beggar-ticks the seed of bur marigolds
subtype: #perianth__floral_envelope collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamen and carpel
subtype: #theca.natural_covering__sac a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule
subtype: #indusium a membrane enclosing and protecting the developing spores especially that covering the sori of a fern
subtype: #bark tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants
subtype: #cinnamon_bark.bark__cinnamonbark__cinnamon aromatic bark used as a spice
subtype: #cassia_bark__Chinese_cinnamon aromatic bark of the cassia-bark tree; less desirable as a spice than Ceylon cinnamon bark
subtype: #cinnamon_bark aromatic bark of Saigon cinnamon used medicinally as a carminative
subtype: #magnolia.bark dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine
subtype: #tanbark bark rich in tannin; bruised and cut in pieces to use for tanning; spent tanbark used as a ground covering
subtype: #mezereum the dried bark of the shrub mezereon
subtype: #canella_bark__canellabark__canella__white_cinnamon__whitecinnamon highly aromatic inner bark of the Canella winterana used as a condiment and a tonic
subtype: #cinchona_bark__Peruvian_bark__Jesuit's_bark medicinal bark of cinchona trees; source of quinine and quinidine
subtype: #cascarilla_bark__eleuthra_bark__sweetwood_bark__sweetwoodbark aromatic bark of cascarilla; used as a tonic and for making incense
subtype: #cascara_sagrada__cascarasagrada__cascara__chittam_bark__chittambark__chittem_bark__chittembark dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
subtype: #winter's_bark aromatic bark having tonic and stimulant properties
subtype: #tappa__tapa thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus
subtype: #angostura_bark__angosturabark__angostura the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters
subtype: #cork outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.
subtype: #phellem (botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells
subtype: #extraterrestrial_object__estraterrestrial_body a natural object existing outside the earth and outside the earth's atmosphere
subtype: #comet (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit
subtype: #meteoroid (astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere
subtype: #meteorite stony or metallic object that is the remains of a meteoroid that has reached the earth's surface
subtype: #aerolite a stony meteorite consisting of silicate minerals
subtype: #micrometeorite a meteorite so small that it drifts down to earth without becoming intensely heated in the atmosphere
subtype: #pallasite a meteorite composed principally of olivine and metallic iron
subtype: #siderite a meteorite consisting principally of nickel and iron
subtype: #meteor_swarm a group of meteoroids with similar paths
subtype: #geological_formation__geology the geological features of the earth
subtype: #aquifer underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc
subtype: #beach an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
subtype: #plage the beach at a seaside resort
subtype: #cliff__drop-off a steep high face of rock
subtype: #crag a steep rugged rock or cliff
subtype: #precipice a very steep cliff
subtype: #delta a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
subtype: #folium a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock
subtype: #foreshore the part of the seashore between the high-water and and low-water marks
subtype: #ice_mass a large mass of ice
subtype: #glacier a slowly moving mass of ice
subtype: #Alpine_glacier__Alpine_type_of_glacier a glacier that moves down from a high valley
subtype: #continental_glacier__continentalglacier a glacier that spreads out from a central mass of ice
subtype: #polar_glacier__polarglacier a glacier near the Arctic or Antarctic poles
subtype: #Piedmont_glacier__Piedmont_type_of_glacier a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice
subtype: #Great_Mendenhall_Glacier__Mendenhall_Glacier a glacier of the Piedmont type near Juneau in Alaska
subtype: #iceberg__berg a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier
subtype: #growler a small iceberg or ice floe just large enough to be hazardous for shipping
subtype: #icecap__ice_cap__icecap a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)
subtype: #ice_field__icefield a large flat mass of ice (larger than an ice floe) floating at sea
subtype: #ice_floe__icefloe__floe a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
subtype: #lakefront land bordering a lake
subtype: #massif a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range
subtype: #mouth.geological_formation the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
subtype: #natural_depression__naturaldepression__depression a sunken or depressed geological formation
subtype: #basin.natural_depression a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it; "the basin of the Great Salt Lake"
subtype: #cirque__corrie__cwm a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain; may contain a lake
subtype: #saltpan a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake
subtype: #tidal_basin__tidalbasin a basin that is full of water at high tide
subtype: #bed.natural_depression__bottom a depression forming the ground under a body of water; "he searched for treasure on the ocean bed"
subtype: #lake_bed__lake_bottom the bottom of a lake
subtype: #ocean_floor__oceanfloor__ocean_bottom__oceanbottom__seabed__sea_bottom__seabottom__Davy_Jones's_locker__Davy_Jones the bottom of a sea or ocean
subtype: #abyssal_zone__abyssalzone the deep sea (2000 meters or more) where there is no light
subtype: #continental_shelf__continentalshelf the relatively shallow (up to 200 meters) seabed surrounding a continent
subtype: #continental_slope__continentalslope__bathyal_zone__bathyalzone__bathyal_district__bathyaldistrict the steep descent of the seabed from the continental shelf to the abyssal zone
subtype: #riverbed__river_bottom__riverbottom a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river
subtype: #streambed__creek_bed__creekbed a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream
subtype: #dry_wash__drywash__wash (western United States) the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon)
subtype: #crater a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
subtype: #collector a crater that has collected cosmic material hitting the earth
subtype: #lunar_crater__lunarcrater a crater on the Earth's moon
subtype: #Aristarchus a bright crater on the moon
subtype: #Copernicus a conspicuous crater on the moon
subtype: #hole.natural_depression__hollow a depression hollowed out of solid matter
subtype: #burrow__tunnel a hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter
subtype: #rabbit_warren.burrow__rabbitwarren__warren a series of connected underground tunnels occupied by rabbits
subtype: #gopher_hole a hole in the ground made by gophers
subtype: #cavity__pit a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); "they dug a pit to bury the body"
subtype: #barbecue_pit a pit where wood or charcoal is burned to make a bed of hot coals suitable for barbecuing meat
subtype: #borrow_pit a pit created to provide earth that can be used as fill at another site
subtype: #divot.cavity (golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke; "it was a good drive but the ball ended up in a divot"
subtype: #fire_pit a pit whose floor is incandescent lava; "the fire pit of the crater"
subtype: #quicksand a pit filled with loose wet sand into which heavy objects sink
subtype: #sandpit a large pit in sandy ground from which sand is dug
subtype: #sawpit a pit over which lumber is positioned to be sawed by two men with a long two-handled saw
subtype: #tar_pit__tarpit a natural accumulation of bitumens at the surface of the earth; often acts as a trap for animals whose bones are thus preserved
subtype: #pothole__chuckhole a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface)
subtype: #rabbit_burrow__rabbit_hole a hole in the ground as a nest made by wild rabbits
subtype: #wormhole hole made by a burrowing worm
subtype: #lowland low level country
subtype: #landfill a low area that has been filled in
subtype: #sanitary_landfill a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth
subtype: #sinkhole__swallow_hole__swallowhole a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof
subtype: #oceanic_abyss__oceanicabys__trench__deep a long steep-sided depression in the ocean floor
subtype: #Atacama_Trench a depression the floor of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile
subtype: #Bougainville_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
subtype: #Japan_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Japan that reaches depths of 30,000 feet
subtype: #Nares_Deep a depression in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean north of Haiti and Puerto Rico
subtype: #trough a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)
subtype: #valley__vale a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river
subtype: #dale (British) an open river valley (in a hilly area)
subtype: #glen (Scottish) a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)
subtype: #gully deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)
subtype: #arroyo (southwestern United States) a stream or brook
subtype: #draw a gully that is shallower than a ravine
subtype: #wadi gully or streambed in North Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season
subtype: #holler__hollow a small valley between mountains; "he built himself a cabin in a hollow high up in the Appalachians"
subtype: #dell__dingle a small wooded hollow
subtype: #nullah a ravine or gully in southern Asia
subtype: #ravine a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
subtype: #canyon__canon (North America) a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall
subtype: #gorge a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it)
subtype: #gulch__flume a narrow gorge with a stream running through it
instance: #Grand_Canyon #Olduvai_Gorge
subtype: #rift_valley a valley with steep sides; formed by a rift in the earth's crust
instance: #San_Joaquin_Valley #Shenandoah_Valley
subtype: #natural_elevation__naturalelevation__elevation a raised or elevated geological formation
subtype: #highland__upland elevated (e.g., mountainous) land
subtype: #down.highland (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
subtype: #tableland__plateau a relatively flat highland
subtype: #Colorado_Plateau a large plateau south and west of the Rocky Mountains; abuts mountains on the north and east and ends in an escarpment overlooking lowlands to the south and west; the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is carved out of the southwestern corner
subtype: #Llano_Estacado a large semiarid plateau forming the southern part of the Great Plains
subtype: #mesa__table flat tableland with steep edges; "the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water"
subtype: #terrace__bench a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below)
instance: #Ardennes
instance: #Highlands
subtype: #hill a local and well-defined elevation of the land
subtype: #foothill a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain
subtype: #knoll__mound__hillock__hummock a small natural hill
subtype: #anthill__formicary a mound of earth made by ants as they dig their nest
subtype: #kopje__koppie (South Africa) a small hill rising up from the African veld
subtype: #molehill a mound of earth made by moles while burrowing
subtype: #tor a high rocky hill
instance: #Calvary__Golgotha #Zion__Sion #Palatine #Capitol_Hill__the_Hill
subtype: #hills__hill hilly land; "they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia"; "the Black Hills"
subtype: #foothills__foothill hilly land on the lower slopes of mountains
instance: #Cotswolds__Cotswold_Hills #Nilgiri_Hills #Black_Hills
subtype: #mountain__mount a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
subtype: #alp any high mountain
subtype: #ben (in Scotland or Ireland) a mountain or tall hill; "they were climbing the ben"
subtype: #seamount an underwater mountain rising above the ocean floor
subtype: #guyot a seamount of volcanic origin (especially in the Pacific Ocean)
subtype: #volcano a mountain formed by volcanic material
instance: #Cameroon #Citlaltepetl__Mount_Orizaba__Mt_Orizaba__Pico_de_Orizaba #Nevado_de_Colima__Colima__Volcan_de_Colima #Cotacachi #Cotopaxi #Demavend #El_Misti #Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna #Fuego #Fuji-san__Fuji__Fujiyama #Galeras__Pasto #Guallatiri #Huainaputina #Klyuchevskaya #Krakatau__Krakatao__Krakatoa #Lascar #Mauna_Kea #Mauna_Loa #Purace #Sangay #Tupungatito #Mount_Saint_Helens__Mount_St._Helens__Mt._St._Helens #Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius
instance: #Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos
subtype: #promontory__headland__foreland a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)
subtype: #Cape_Canaveral__Cape_Kennedy a sandy promontory (formerly Cape Kennedy) extending into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island off the eastern coast of Florida; the site of a NASA center for spaceflight
subtype: #Cape_Sable a promontory on the far southern part of Nova Scotia
subtype: #Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
subtype: #mull a term used in Scottish names of promontories; "the Mull of Kintyre"
subtype: #point.promontory a promontory extending out into a large body of water; "they sailed south around the point"
instance: #Cape_Horn #Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe #Cape_Hatteras
subtype: #ridge a long narrow natural elevation or striation
subtype: #bank.ridge a long ridge or pile; "a huge bank of earth"
subtype: #bluff a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)
subtype: #sandbank a submerged bank of sand near a shore or in a river; can be exposed at low tide
subtype: #shoal a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide
subtype: #bar.ridge a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore
subtype: #sandbar__sand_bar a bar of sand
subtype: #sand_dune__dune a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans
subtype: #ledge__shelf a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water
subtype: #reef a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water
subtype: #coral_reef__coralreef a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone
subtype: #atoll an island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon
instance: #Kwajalein #Eniwetok.atoll__eniwetok #Kwajalein.atoll__kwajalein #Midway_Islands
subtype: #barrier_reef__barrierreef a long coral reef near and parallel to the shore
subtype: #Florida_keys__key__cay a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida
subtype: #ripple_mark one of a series of small ridges produced in sand by water currents or by wind
subtype: #swell a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
subtype: #oceanfront land bordering an ocean
subtype: #Pillars_of_Hercules the two promontories at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; according to legend they were formed by Hercules
subtype: #range_of_mountains__range__mountain_range__chain__mountain_chain__chain_of_mountains a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"
subtype: #Admiralty_Range mountains in Antarctica north of Victoria Land
subtype: #Balkans__Balkan_Mountains__Balkan_Mountain_Range the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula
subtype: #Black_Hills.range_of_mountains__blackhill mountains in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming; sacred to the Sioux (whites settling in the Black Hills led to the Battle of Little Bighorn); site of Mount Rushmore
subtype: #Cantabrian_Mountains a range of mountains in northern Spain along the coast of the Bay of Biscay
subtype: #Caucasus_Mountains__Caucasus the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia
subtype: #Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
subtype: #Guadalupe_Mountains a mountain range in southern New Mexico and western Texas; the southern extension of the Sacramento Mountains
subtype: #Mesabi_Range a range of hills in northeastern Minnesota where rich iron ore deposits were discovered in 1887
subtype: #Nan_Ling a mountain range in southeastern China running generally east to west
subtype: #Sacramento_Mountains mountain range in New Mexico east of the Rio Grande
subtype: #sierra a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)
instance: #Adirondacks__Adirondack_Mountains #Alaska_Range #Alleghenies__Allegheny_Mountains #the_Alps__Alps #Andes #Apennines #Appalachians__Appalachian_Mountains #Berkshires__Berkshire_Hills #Blue_Ridge_Mountains__Blue_Ridge #Cascades__Cascade_Range #Catskills__Catskill_Mountains #Coast_Range__Coast_Mountains #Cumberland_Mountains__Cumberland_Plateau #Great_Smoky_Mountains #Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya #Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush #Karakoram_Range__Karakoram__Karakorum_Range__Mustagh__Mustagh_Range #Kunlun_Mountains__Kunlun__Kuenlun__Kuenlun_Mountains #Ozarks__Ozark_Mountains__Ozark_Plateau #Pyrenees #Rockies__Rocky_Mountains #Sierra_Madre_Occidental #Sierra_Madre_Oriental #Sierra_Nevada_Mountains__Sierra_Nevada__High_Sierra #Sierra_Nevada #St._Elias_Range__St._Elias_Mountains #Teton_Range #Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan #Urals__Ural_Mountains
subtype: #relict geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
subtype: #ridge.geological_formation a long narrow range of hills
subtype: #arete a sharp narrow ridge found in rugged mountains
subtype: #shore the land along the edge of a body of water (a lake or ocean or river)
subtype: #lakeside__lakeshore the shore of a lake
subtype: #seashore__coast__seacoast__sea-coast__seacoast the shore of a sea or ocean
subtype: #littoral_zone__littoral__litoral__sands__sand the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean
subtype: #Atlantic_Coast a coast of the Atlantic Ocean
subtype: #landfall.seashore the seacoast first sighted on a voyage (or flight over water)
subtype: #Pacific_Coast a coast of the Pacific Ocean
subtype: #seaside the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort
instance: #Barbary_Coast.North_Africa__barbarycoast #Aeolis__Aeolia
subtype: #strand.shore a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
subtype: #incline__side an elevated geological formation; "he climbed the steep slope"; "the house was built on the side of the mountain"
subtype: #acclivity__ascent__rise__raise__climb__upgrade an upward slope or grade (as in a road); "the car couldn't make the grade"
subtype: #uphill the upward slope of a hill
subtype: #bank sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); "they pulled the canoe up on the bank"; "he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents"
subtype: #riverbank__riverside the bank of a river
subtype: #waterside land bordering a body of water
subtype: #cant__bank__camber a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
subtype: #canyonside the steeply sloping side of a canyon
subtype: #declivity__descent__fall__decline__downslope a downward slope
subtype: #downhill.declivity the downward slope of a hill
subtype: #steep a steep place (as on a hill)
subtype: #escarpment__scarp a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion
subtype: #hillside the side or slope of a hill
subtype: #brae (Scotland) a slope or hillside
subtype: #mountainside__versant the side or slope of a mountain; "conifer forests cover the eastern versant"
subtype: #natural_spring__naturalspring__spring__fountain__outflow__outpouring a natural flow of ground water
subtype: #geyser a spring that discharges hot water and steam
subtype: #Old_Faithful a geyser in Yellowstone National Park that erupts for about 4 minutes about every 65 minutes
subtype: #hot_spring__hotspring__thermal_spring__thermalspring a natural spring of water at a temperature of 70 F or above
instance: #Fountain_of_Youth
subtype: #talus__talu__scree a sloping mass of rocks at the base of a cliff
subtype: #mineral_vein__mineralvein__vein a layer of ore between layers of rock
subtype: #bonanza an especially rich vein of precious ore
subtype: #wall.geological_formation a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
subtype: #water_table__water_level__groundwater_level__groundwaterlevel underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water: "spring rains had raised the water table"
subtype: #mechanism.natural_object a natural object resembling a machine in structure and function; "the mechanism of the ear"
subtype: #barrier.mechanism anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access
subtype: #bar.ridge a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore
subtype: #blood-brain_barrier a mechanism that creates a barrier between brain tissues and circulating blood; serves to protect the central nervous system; "the brain was protected from the large molecules of the virus by the blood-brain barrier"
subtype: #curtain any barrier to communication or vision; "a curtain of secrecy"; "a curtain of trees"
subtype: #biological_clock an innate mechanism in living organisms that controls the periodicity of many physiological functions
subtype: #nest a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young
subtype: #beehive.nest__hive a structure that provides a natural habitation for bees; as in a hollow tree
subtype: #bird's_nest nest where birds lay their eggs and hatch their young
subtype: #aery__aerie__eyrie__eyry the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle)
subtype: #drey the nest of a squirrel
subtype: #mouse_nest__mousenest__mouse's_nest__mouse'snest where mice bear and raise their young
subtype: #nidus__nidu a nest in which spiders or insects deposit their eggs
subtype: #wasp's_nest__hornet's_nest habitation for wasps or hornets
subtype: #radiator any object that radiates energy
subtype: #radio_source__radiosource an object that radiates radio waves
subtype: #rock.natural_object__stone a lump of hard consolidated mineral matter; "he threw a rock at me"
subtype: #achondrite a stony meteor lacking chondrules
subtype: #bedrock solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil
subtype: #boulder__bowlder a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin
subtype: #glacial_boulder__glacialboulder a boulder that has been carried by a glacier to a place far distant from its place of origin
subtype: #river_boulder__riverboulder a boulder that has been carried by a river to a place remote from its place of origin
subtype: #shore_boulder__shoreboulder a boulder found on a shore remote from its place of origin
instance: #Plymouth_Rock.boulder__plymouthrock
subtype: #calculus__stone__concretion a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body
subtype: #bladder_stone__bladderstone__cystolith a calculus formed in the bladder
subtype: #enterolith a calculus occurring in the intestines
subtype: #gallstone__bilestone a calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts
subtype: #kidney_stone__urinary_calculus__nephrolith__renal_calculus a calculus formed in the kidney
subtype: #ptyalith calculus in a salivary gland
subtype: #sialolith__salivary_calculus a stone formed in the salivary gland
subtype: #urolith a urinary stone
subtype: #chondrite a rock of meteoric origin containing chondrules
subtype: #crystal.rock a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces
subtype: #crystallite any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock
subtype: #rock_outcrop__outcrop__outcropping the part of a rock formation that appears above the surface of the surrounding land
subtype: #belay something to which a mountain climber's rope can be secured
subtype: #outthrust an outcropping of rock that extends outward
subtype: #pebble a small smooth rounded rock
subtype: #petrifaction a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form
subtype: #sill.rock (geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock
subtype: #stepping_stone.rock__steppingstone a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing
subtype: #tor.rock a prominent rock or pile of rocks on a hill
subtype: #wall_rock a rock immediately adjacent to a vein or fault
subtype: #sample.natural_object all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
subtype: #specimen.sample a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; "they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis"
subtype: #cytologic_specimen__cytologicspecimen a specimen used for cytologic examination and diagnosis
subtype: #cytologic_smear__cytologicsmear__smear__cytosmear a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope
subtype: #alimentary_tract_smear any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the alimentary tract; obtained by specialized lavage techniques and used mainly to diagnose cancer in those parts
subtype: #esophageal_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the esophagus
subtype: #gastric_smear__gastricsmear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the stomach
subtype: #oral_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the mouth
subtype: #paraduodenal_smear__duodenal_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the duodenum
subtype: #cervical_smear__Pap_smear__Papanicolaou_smear a sample of secretions and superficial cells of the uterine cervix and uterus; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells
subtype: #lower_respiratory_tract_smear__lowerrespiratorytractsmear__bronchoscopic_smear__bronchoscopicsmear__sputum_smear any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the lower respiratory tract; used for cytologic study of cancer and other diseases of the lungs
subtype: #vaginal_smear__vaginalsmear smear taken from the vaginal mucosa for cytological analysis
subtype: #core.sample a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
subtype: #tangle a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven; "they carved their way through the tangle of vines"
subtype: #hairball__hair_ball__trichobezoar a compact mass of hair that forms in the alimentary canal (especially in the stomach of animals as a result of licking fur)
subtype: #shag.tangle a matted tangle of hair or fiber; "the dog's woolly shag"
subtype: #existence__universe__creation__world__cosmos__macrocosm everything that exists anywhere; "they study the evolution of the universe"; "the biggest tree in existence"
subtype: #natural_order__naturalorder the physical universe considered as an orderly system subject to natural (not human or supernatural) laws
subtype: #nature.existence the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; "they tried to preserve nature as they found it"
subtype: #cloud any collection of particles ($('<' #physical_phenomenon replaced by #natural_object because #cloud.atmospheric_phenomenon already exists and a clous a color, a mass, ... like all natural objects)$ e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
subtype: #coma (astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed
subtype: #nebula.cloud an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space
subtype: #diffuse_nebula__diffusenebula__gaseous_nebula__gaseousnebula a cluster of stars within an intricate cloud of gas and dust
instance: #Orion.constellation__orion__thehunter
subtype: #planetary_nebula__planetarynebula a nebula that was once thought to be a star with its planets but is now thought to be a very hot star surrounded by an expanding envelope of ionized gases that emit a fluorescent glow because of intense radiation from the star
subtype: #aerosol a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas
subtype: #fog droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground
subtype: #fogbank a large mass of fog on the sea (as seen from a distance)
subtype: #ice_fog__icefog__pogonip a dense winter fog containing ice particles
subtype: #mist a thin fog with condensation near the ground
subtype: #pea-souper__peasouper__pea_soup__peasoup a heavy thick yellow fog
subtype: #haze atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility
subtype: #fume__smoke a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas
subtype: #gun_smoke__gunsmoke smoke created by the firing of guns
subtype: #smother a stifling cloud of smoke
subtype: #cosmic_dust clouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space
subtype: #dust_cloud a could of dust in the air
subtype: #mushroom-shaped_cloud__mushroom__mushroom_cloud a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)
subtype: #plant_part__plantpart any part of a plant or fungus
subtype: #stub a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost
subtype: #button.plant_part any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
subtype: #thallus__thallu a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes
subtype: #crustose_thallus thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
subtype: #pileus__cap a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
subtype: #calyptra the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
subtype: #volva cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi
subtype: #pycnidium flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia
subtype: #chalaza.plant_part basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined
subtype: #nucellus central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac
subtype: #pollen_tube slender tubular outgrown from a pollen grain that penetrates the ovule and releases male gametes
subtype: #mentum.plant_part a projection like a chin formed by the sepals and base of the column in some orchids
subtype: #mycelium the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae
subtype: #sclerotium compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth
subtype: #plant_organ__plantorgan a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
subtype: #reproductive_structure the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
subtype: #spore small usually single-celled reproductive body produced especially by certain bacteria and algae and fungi and nonflowering plants
subtype: #basidiospore a sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium
subtype: #endospore a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae
subtype: #carpospore a nonmotile spore of red algae
subtype: #chlamydospore thick-walled asexual resting spore of certain fungi and algae
subtype: #teliospore a chlamydospore that develops in the last stage of the life cycle of the rust fungus
subtype: #conidium__conidiospore an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore
subtype: #oospore a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae and fungi
subtype: #tetraspore one of the four asexual spores produced within a sporangium
subtype: #zoospore an asexual spore of some algae and fungi that moves by means of flagella
subtype: #fern_seed the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible
subtype: #microspore smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte
subtype: #megaspore larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte
subtype: #aeciospore spore of a rust fungus formed in an aecium
subtype: #ascospore sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus
subtype: #zygospore a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells
subtype: #gleba fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn
subtype: #hymenium spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
subtype: #sporocarp__spore_case__sporecase specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia
subtype: #bloom__flower__blossom reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts
subtype: #floret a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)
subtype: #apetalous_flower__apetalousflower flower having no petals
subtype: #inflorescence the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk
subtype: #flower_head a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae
subtype: #catkin__ament a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence
subtype: #umbel flat-topped or rounded inflorescence characteristic of the family Umbelliferae in which the individual flower stalks arise from about the same point; youngest flowers are at the center
subtype: #corymb flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first
subtype: #raceme usually elongate cluster of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first
subtype: #panicle compound raceme or branched cluster of flowers
subtype: #cyme more or less flat-topped cluster of flowers in which the central or terminal flower opens first
subtype: #scorpioid_cyme__scorpioidcyme a cyme with flowers or branches alternating in opposite ranks
subtype: #spike.inflorescence (botany) an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis
subtype: #spikelet a small spike (as the inflorescence on grasses and sedges)
subtype: #ray_flower__rayflower__ray_floret__rayfloret small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower
subtype: #bud a partially opened flower
subtype: #rosebud the bud of a rose
subtype: #chrysanthemum.bloom the flower of a chrysanthemum plant
subtype: #stamen the male reproductive organ of a flower
subtype: #anther the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk
subtype: #pistil__gynoecium the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma
subtype: #simple_pistil consists of one carpel
subtype: #compound_pistil consists of two or more fused carpels
subtype: #carpel a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil
subtype: #style.reproductive_structure the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
subtype: #stigma.reproductive_structure the apical end of the style where pollen is deposited
subtype: #ovary.reproductive_structure the organ that bears the ovules of a flower
subtype: #ovule a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
subtype: #amphitropous_ovule a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk
subtype: #anatropous_ovule a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk
subtype: #campylotropous_ovule a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus
subtype: #orthotropous_ovule a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex
subtype: #seed.ovule a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa
subtype: #placenta.reproductive_structure that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form
subtype: #placentation arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary
subtype: #apical_placentation where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary
subtype: #axile_placentation__axileplacentation ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa
subtype: #basal_placentation__basalplacentation where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary
subtype: #free_central_placentation where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only
subtype: #lamellate_placentation__lamellateplacentation with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary
subtype: #marginal_placentation__ventral_placentation__ventralplacentation with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary
subtype: #parietal_placentation where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary
subtype: #testa__seed_coat protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
subtype: #endosperm nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants
subtype: #gemma small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
subtype: #strobilus__cone__strobile cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts
subtype: #fir_cone__fircone the seed-producing cone of a fir tree
subtype: #galbulus the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree
subtype: #pinecone the seed-producing cone of a pine tree
subtype: #basidium a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes
subtype: #promycelium the basidium of various fungi
subtype: #antheridium the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers
subtype: #sporangium__spore_case__sporecase__spore_sac__sporesac organ containing or producing spores
subtype: #eusporangium a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells
subtype: #leptosporangium a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns
subtype: #tetrasporangium a sporangium containing four asexual spores
subtype: #ascus__ascu saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes
subtype: #sporophore a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte
subtype: #gametangium cell or organ in which gametes develop
subtype: #gametophore a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
subtype: #antheridiophore gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts
subtype: #sorus__soru cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond
subtype: #sorus.reproductive_structure__soru a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi
subtype: #fruit the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
subtype: #edible_fruit edible reproductive body of a seed plant especially one having sweet flesh
subtype: #freestone fruit (especially peach) whose flesh does not adhere to the pit
subtype: #cling__clingstone fruit (especially peach) whose flesh adheres strongly to the pit
subtype: #windfall fruit that has fallen from the tree
subtype: #apple fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
subtype: #crab_apple__crabapple small sour apple; suitable for preserving; "crabapples make a tangy jelly"
subtype: #eating_apple__dessert_apple__dessertapple an apple used primarily for eating raw without cooking
subtype: #Baldwin an American eating apple with red or yellow and red skin
subtype: #Cortland large red-skinned apple
subtype: #Delicious variety of sweet eating apples
subtype: #Golden_Delicious__Yellow_Delicious a sweet eating apple with yellow skin
subtype: #Red_Delicious a sweet eating apple with bright red skin; most widely grown apple worldwide
subtype: #Empire an eating apple that somewhat resembles a McIntosh; used as both an eating and a cooking apple
subtype: #Grimes'_golden yellow apple that ripens in late autumn; eaten raw
subtype: #Jonathan red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw
subtype: #McIntosh early-ripening apple popular in the northeastern United States; primarily eaten raw but suitable for applesauce
subtype: #Macoun similar to McIntosh; juicy and late-ripening
subtype: #Northern_Spy large late-ripening apple with skin striped with yellow and red
subtype: #Pearmain any of several varieties of red-skinned apple
subtype: #Pippin any of numerous superior eating apples with yellow or greenish yellow skin flushed with red
subtype: #Cox's_Orange_Pippin a yellow Pippin with distinctive flavor
subtype: #Prima used primarily as eating apples
subtype: #Stayman apple grown chiefly in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley
subtype: #Winesap crisp apple with dark red skin
subtype: #Stayman_Winesap crisp tart apple; good for eating raw and suitable for cooking
subtype: #cooking_apple__cookingapple an apple used primarily in cooking for pies and applesauce etc
subtype: #Bramley's_Seedling very large cooking apple
subtype: #Granny_Smith hard and tart; used primarily in cooking
subtype: #Lane's_Prince_Albert used primarily in cooking
subtype: #Newtown_Wonder used primarily in cooking
subtype: #Rome_Beauty large red apple used primarily for baking
subtype: #berry any of numerous small edible pulpy fruits either simple (grape; blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry; raspberry)
subtype: #European_blueberry__bilberry__whortleberry blue-black berries similar to American blueberries
subtype: #huckleberry.berry blue-black berry similar to blueberries and bilberries of the eastern United States
subtype: #blueberry sweet edible dark-blue berries of either low-growing or high-growing blueberry plants
subtype: #boxberry__wintergreen__checkerberry__teaberry__spiceberry spicy red berrylike fruit; source of wintergreen oil
subtype: #cranberry.berry very tart red berry used for sauce or juice
subtype: #lowbush_cranberry__lowbushcranberry__lingonberry__mountaincranberry__cowberry tart red berries similar to American cranberries but smaller
subtype: #currant any of several tart red or black berries used primarily for jellies and jams
subtype: #gooseberry currant-like berry used primarily in jams and jellies
subtype: #black_currant__blackcurrant small black berries used in jams and jellies
subtype: #red_currant small red berries used primarily in jams and jellies
subtype: #blackberry large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus
subtype: #boysenberry large raspberry-flavored fruit; cross between blackberries and raspberries
subtype: #dewberry blackberry-like fruits of any of several trailing blackberry bushes
subtype: #loganberry large red variety of the dewberry
subtype: #raspberry red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries
subtype: #saskatoon__shadberry__juneberry edible purple or red berries
subtype: #strawberry.berry sweet fleshy red fruit
subtype: #sugarberry__hackberry small edible dark purple to black berry with large pits; southern United States
subtype: #persimmon orange fruit resembling a plum; edible when fully ripe
subtype: #surinam_cherry__surinamcherry__acerola__barbados_cherry__West_Indian_cherry acid red or yellow cherry-like fruit of a tropical American shrub very rich in vitamin C
subtype: #mulberry sweet usually dark purple blackberry-like fruit of any of several mulberry trees of the genus Morus
subtype: #lanseh__lansa__lansat__lanset East Indian tart yellow berrylike fruit
subtype: #carambola__star_fruit deeply ridged yellow-brown tropical fruit; used raw as a vegetable or in salad or when fully ripe as a dessert
subtype: #ceriman tropical cylindrical fruit resembling a pinecone with pineapple-banana flavor
subtype: #carissa_plum__carissaplum__natal_plum__natalplum edible scarlet plum-like fruit of a South African plant
subtype: #citrus_fruit__citrus any of numerous fruits of the genus Citrus having thick rind and juicy pulp; grown in warm regions
subtype: #orange_fruit__orange round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees
subtype: #temple_orange large sweet easily-peeled Florida fruit with deep orange rind
subtype: #bitter_orange__Seville_orange__sour_orange highly acidic orange used especially in marmalade
subtype: #sweet_orange__sweetorange orange with sweet juicy pulp; often thin-skinned
subtype: #Jaffa_orange sweet almost seedless orange of Israel
subtype: #navel_orange__navelorange seedless orange enclosing a small secondary fruit at the apex
subtype: #Valencia_orange variety of sweet orange cultivated extensively in Florida and California
subtype: #mandarin_orange__mandarin a somewhat flat reddish-orange loose-skinned citrus of China
subtype: #satsuma medium-sized largely seedless mandarin orange with thin smooth skin
subtype: #tangerine any of various deep orange mandarins grown in the United States and southern Africa
subtype: #kumquat small oval citrus fruit with thin sweet rind and very acid pulp
subtype: #lemon yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh
subtype: #lime the green acidic fruit of any of various lime trees
subtype: #key_lime__keylime small yellow-green limes of southern Florida
subtype: #grapefruit large yellow fruit with somewhat acid juicy pulp; usual serving consists of a half
subtype: #pomelo__shaddock large pear-shaped fruit similar to grapefruit but with coarse dry pulp
subtype: #citrange more aromatic and acid tasting than oranges; used in beverages and marmalade
subtype: #citron large lemonlike fruit with thick aromatic rind; usually preserved
subtype: #tangelo__ugli_fruit large sweet juicy hybrid between tangerine and grapefruit having a thick wrinkled skin
subtype: #apricot downy yellow to rosy-colored fruit resembling a small peach
subtype: #peach downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh
subtype: #nectarine smooth-skinned variety or mutation of the peach
subtype: #pitahaya highly colored edible fruit of pitahaya cactus having bright red juice; often as large as a peach
subtype: #plum any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single pit
subtype: #damson__damson_plum sweet dark purple plum
subtype: #greengage_plum__greengageplum__greengage sweet green or greenish-yellow variety of plum
subtype: #beach_plum__beachplum small dark purple fruit used especially in jams and pies
subtype: #sloe small sour dark purple fruit of especially the Allegheny plum bush
subtype: #dried_fruit__driedfruit fruit preserved by drying
subtype: #dried_apricot__driedapricot apricots preserved by drying
subtype: #prune dried plum
subtype: #raisin dried grape
subtype: #seedless_raisin__sultana dried seedless grape
subtype: #seeded_raisin seeded grape that has been dried
subtype: #currant.raisin small dried seedless raisin grown in the Mediterranean region and California; used in cooking
subtype: #fig fleshy sweet pear-shaped yellowish or purple multiple fruit eaten fresh or preserved or dried
subtype: #pineapple__ananas large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated
subtype: #anchovy_pear__anchovypear__river_pear__riverpear West Indian fruit resembling the mango; often pickled
subtype: #banana elongated crescent-shaped yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh
subtype: #passion_fruit__passionfruit egg-shaped tropical fruit of certain passionflower vines; used for sherbets and confectionery and drinks
subtype: #granadilla the egg-shaped edible fruit of tropical American vines related to passionflowers
subtype: #sweet_calabash__sweetcalabash apple-sized passion fruit of the West Indies
subtype: #bell_apple__sweet_cup__sweetcup__water_lemon__waterlemon__yellow_granadilla the edible yellow fruit of the Jamaica honeysuckle
subtype: #breadfruit round seedless or seeded fruit with a bread-like texture; eaten boiled or baked or roasted or ground into flour; roasted seeds resemble chestnuts; of Pacific Islands
subtype: #jackfruit__jak__jack immense East Indian fruit resembling breadfruit of; its seeds are commonly roasted
subtype: #canistel__eggfruit ovoid orange-yellow mealy sweet fruit of Florida and West Indies
subtype: #melon any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh
subtype: #melon_ball__melonball a bite of melon cut as a sphere
subtype: #muskmelon__sweetmelon the fruit of a muskmelon vine; any of several sweet melons related to cucumbers
subtype: #cantaloup__cantaloupe the fruit of a cantaloup vine; small to medium-sized melon with yellowish flesh
subtype: #winter_melon the fruit of the winter melon vine; a green melon with pale green to orange flesh that keeps well
subtype: #honeydew_melon__honeydew the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large smooth-skinned greenish-white melon with pale green flesh
subtype: #Persian_melon the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large green melon with orange flesh
subtype: #casaba_melon__casaba melon having yellowish rind and whitish flesh
subtype: #net_melon__netmelon__netted_melon__nutmeg_melon the fruit of a variety of muskmelon vine; a melon with netlike markings and deep green flesh
subtype: #watermelon large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp
subtype: #cherry fruit with a single hard stone
subtype: #black_cherry__blackcherry__sweetcherry any of several fruits of cultivated cherry trees that have sweet flesh
subtype: #bing_cherry dark red or blackish sweet cherry
subtype: #heart_cherry__heartcherry__oxheart_cherry__oxheartcherry large heart-shaped sweet cherry with soft flesh
subtype: #blackheart_cherry__blackheart heart cherry with dark flesh and skin cherry
subtype: #capulin__Mexican_black_cherry Mexican black cherry
subtype: #sour_cherry acid cherries used for pies and preserves
subtype: #amarelle pale red sour cherry with colorless or nearly colorless juice
subtype: #morello cultivated sour cherry with dark-colored skin and juice
subtype: #cocoa_plum__cocoaplum__coco_plum__icaco plum-shaped whitish to almost black fruit used for preserves; tropical American
subtype: #grape any of various juicy purple- or green-skinned fruit of the genus Vitis; grow in clusters
subtype: #slip-skin_grape__fox_grape__foxgrape purplish-black wild grape of the eastern United States with tough skins that slip easily from the flesh; cultivated in many varieties
subtype: #Concord_grape slip-skin purple table grape of the northeastern United States
subtype: #Catawba.slip-skin_grape__catawba slip-skin reddish American table grape
subtype: #bullace_grape__bullacegrape__muscadine dull-purple grape of southern United States
subtype: #scuppernong amber-green muscadine grape of southeastern United States
subtype: #vinifera_grape grape from a cultivated variety of the common grape vine of Europe
subtype: #emperor red table grape of California
subtype: #muscat_grape__muscat__muscatel sweet aromatic grape used for raisins and wine
subtype: #ribier dark reddish-purple table grape of California
subtype: #sultana pale yellow seedless grape used for raisins and wine
subtype: #Tokay variety of wine grape originally grown in Hungary; the prototype of vinifera grapes
subtype: #flame_tokay__flametokay purplish-red table grape
subtype: #Thompson_Seedless seedless green table grape of California
subtype: #custard_apple__custardapple the fruit of any of several tropical American trees of the genus Annona having soft edible pulp
subtype: #cherimoya__cherimolla large tropical fruit with leathery skin and soft pulp; related to custard apples
subtype: #soursop large spiny tropical fruit with tart pulp related to custard apples
subtype: #bullock's_heart__Jamaica_apple large heart-shaped tropical fruit with soft acid pulp
subtype: #sweetsop__anon__sugar_apple__sugarapple sweet pulpy tropical fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
subtype: #ilama whitish tropical fruit with a pinkish tinge related to custard apples; grown in the southern United States
subtype: #pond_apple ovoid yellow fruit with very fragrant peach-colored flesh; related to custard apples
subtype: #papaw__pawpaw fruit with yellow flesh; related to custard apples
subtype: #papaya large oval melon-like tropical fruit with yellowish flesh
subtype: #kai_apple__kaiapple S African fruit smelling and tasting like apricots; used for pickles and preserves
subtype: #ketembilla__kitembilla__kitambilla maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves
subtype: #ackee__akee red pear-shaped tropical fruit with poisonous seeds; flesh is poisonous when unripe or overripe
subtype: #durian huge fruit native to southeastern Asia `smelling like Hell and tasting like Heaven'; seeds are roasted and eaten like nuts
subtype: #feijoa__pineapple_guava__pineappleguava dark-green kiwi-sized tropical fruit with white flesh; used chiefly for jellies and preserves
subtype: #genip__Spanish_lime round one-inch Caribbean fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp; eaten like grapes
subtype: #genipap__genipap_fruit__genipapfruit a succulent orange-sized tropical fruit with a thick rind
subtype: #kiwi_fruit__kiwi__Chinese_gooseberry fuzzy brown egg-shaped fruit with slightly tart green flesh
subtype: #loquat__Japanese_plum yellow olive-sized semitropical fruit with a large free stone and relatively little flesh; used for jellies
subtype: #mangosteen two- to three-inch tropical fruit with juicy flesh suggestive of both peaches and pineapples
subtype: #mango large oval smooth-skinned tropical fruit with juicy aromatic pulp and a large hairy seed
subtype: #sapodilla_plum__sapodillaplum__sapodilla__sapota tropical fruit with a rough brownish skin and very sweet brownish pulp
subtype: #sapote__mammee__marmalade_plum__marmaladeplum brown oval fruit flesh makes excellent sherbet
subtype: #tamarind__tamarindo large tropical seed pod with very tangy pulp that is eaten fresh or cooked with rice and fish or preserved for curries and chutneys
subtype: #alligator_pear__alligatorpear__avocado__avocado_pear__avocadopear pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed
subtype: #date.edible_fruit sweet edible fruit of the date palm with a single long woody seed
subtype: #elderberry berrylike fruit of an elder used for e.g. wines and jellies
subtype: #guava tropical fruit having yellow skin and pink pulp; eaten fresh or used for e.g. jellies
subtype: #mombin purplish tropical fruit
subtype: #hog_plum__hogplum__yellow_mombin yellow oval tropical fruit
subtype: #wild_plum__hog_plum__hogplum wild plum of southern United States
subtype: #jaboticaba tough-skinned purple grape-like tropical fruit grown in Brazil
subtype: #Chinese_jujube__jujube__Chinese_date dark red plum-like fruit of Old World buckthorn trees
subtype: #litchi_nut__litchi__litchee__lichi__leechee__lichee__lychee Chinese fruit having a thin brittle shell enclosing a sweet jellylike pulp and a single seed; often dried
subtype: #longanberry__dragon'seye Asian fruit similar to litchi
subtype: #mamey__mammee_apple globular or ovoid tropical fruit with thick russet leathery rind and juicy yellow or reddish flesh
subtype: #marang tropical fruit from the Philippines having a mass of small seeds embedded in sweetish white pulp
subtype: #medlar crabapple-like fruit used for preserves
subtype: #medlar.edible_fruit South African globular fruit with brown leathery skin and sweet-acid pithy flesh
subtype: #pear sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties
subtype: #bosc greenish-yellow pear
subtype: #anjou green-skinned pear with firm flesh
subtype: #bartlett_pear__bartlett juicy yellow pear
subtype: #seckel_pear__seckel small yellowish- to reddish-brown pear
subtype: #plumcot hybrid between plum and apricot
subtype: #pomegranate large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind
subtype: #prickly_pear__pricklypear round or pear-shaped spiny fruit of any of various prickly pear cacti
subtype: #garambulla small berrylike fruit
subtype: #blade_apple__bladeapple__Barbados_gooseberry small yellow to orange fruit of the Barbados gooseberry cactus used in desserts and preserves and jellies
subtype: #quandang__quandong__quantong__native_peach red Australian fruit; used for dessert or in jam
subtype: #quince aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves
subtype: #rambutan__rambotan pleasantly acid bright red oval Malayan fruit covered with soft spines
subtype: #pulasan__pulassan fruit of an East Indian tree similar to the rambutan but sweeter
subtype: #rose_apple fragrant oval yellowish tropical fruit used in jellies and confections
subtype: #sorb__sorb_apple acid gritty-textured fruit
subtype: #sour_gourd acid-tasting Australian gourd-like fruit with a woody rind and large seeds
subtype: #monkey_bread__sour_gourd African gourd-like fruit with edible pulp
subtype: #juniper_berry__juniperberry berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper
subtype: #May_apple edible but insipid fruit of the May apple plant
subtype: #achene small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall
subtype: #samara__key_fruit__keyfruit a winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple
subtype: #gourd any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds
subtype: #calabash round gourd of the calabash tree
subtype: #prairie_gourd__prairiegourd small hard green-and-white inedible fruit of the prairie gourd plant
subtype: #quandong__blue_fig the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree
subtype: #acorn fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base
subtype: #olive.fruit small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil
subtype: #wild_cherry the fruit of the wild cherry tree
subtype: #marasca small bitter fruit of the marasca cherry tree from whose juice maraschino liqueur is made
subtype: #hagberry small cherry much liked by birds
subtype: #chokecherry the fruit of the chokecherry tree
subtype: #rowanberry decorative red berrylike fruit of a rowan tree
subtype: #buffalo_nut__elk_nut__elknut__oil_nut__oilnut oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
subtype: #ear.fruit__capitulum fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
subtype: #mealie (South African) an ear of corn
subtype: #fruitlet a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit
subtype: #seed a small hard fruit
subtype: #edible_seed many are used as seasoning
subtype: #pumpkin_seed__pumpkinseed the edible seed of a pumpkin
subtype: #betel_nut__betelnut__areca_nut__arecanut seed of betel palm; chewed with leaves of the betel pepper and lime as a digestive stimulant and narcotic in southeastern Asia
subtype: #water_chinquapin__waterchinquapin edible nutlike seeds of an American lotus having the flavor of a chinquapin
subtype: #dika_nut edible oil-rich seed of wild mango
subtype: #sunflower_seed__sunflowerseed edible seed of sunflowers; used as food and poultry feed and as a source of oil
subtype: #cumin_seed__cuminseed__cumin aromatic seeds of the cumin herb of the carrot family
subtype: #coffee_bean__coffee_berry__coffee a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee
subtype: #bonduc_nut__nicker_nut__nicker_seed hard shiny gray seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry
subtype: #Job's_tears hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads
subtype: #oilseed any of several seeds that yield oil
subtype: #castor_bean seed of castor-oil plant; source of castor oil
subtype: #cottonseed seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil
subtype: #candlenut seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes
subtype: #rapeseed seed of rape plants; source of an edible oil
subtype: #linseed__flaxseed the seed of flax used as a source of oil
subtype: #safflower_seed__safflowerseed seed of the safflower
subtype: #caryopsis__caryopsi__grain dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn
subtype: #amaranth.caryopsis seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America
subtype: #barleycorn a grain of barley
subtype: #wheat_berry a grain of wheat
subtype: #kernel a single whole grain of a cereal: "a kernel of corn"
subtype: #corn the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
subtype: #rye the seed of the cereal grass
subtype: #ash-key__ashkey winged seed of the ash tree
subtype: #coquilla_nut nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory
subtype: #babassu_nut hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm
subtype: #cohune_nut nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts
subtype: #ivory_nut__ivorynut__vegetable_ivory__vegetableivory__apple_nut nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons
subtype: #neem_seed seed of neem trees; source of pesticides and fertilizer and medicinal products
subtype: #buckeye__horse_chestnut__horsechestnut__conker the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
subtype: #Mexican_jumping_bean__jumping_bean__jumpingbean__jumping_seed__jumpingseed seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble
subtype: #bean any of various seeds or fruits suggestive of beans
subtype: #tonka_bean__tonkabean__coumara_nut fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla
subtype: #algarroba__algarrobilla__algarobilla mesquite pod used in tanning and dying
subtype: #calabar_bean__calabarbean__ordeal_bean dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft
subtype: #divi-divi twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin
subtype: #nut usually large hard-shelled seed
subtype: #edible_nut a hard-shelled seed consisting of an edible kernel or meat enclosed in a woody or leathery shell
subtype: #bunya_bunya__bunyabunya nut tasting like roasted chestnuts; a staple food of Australian aborigines
subtype: #goober__peanut__earthnut__goober_pea__groundnut__monkey_nut pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; `groundnut' and `monkey nut' are British terms
subtype: #almond oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree
subtype: #Jordan_almond an almond covered with a sugar coating that is hard and flavored and colored
subtype: #quandong_nut edible nutlike seed of the quandong fruit
subtype: #beechnut small sweet triangular nut of any of various beech trees
subtype: #walnut nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell
subtype: #black_walnut__blackwalnut American walnut having a very hard and thick woody shell
subtype: #English_walnut nut with a wrinkled two-lobed seed and hard but relatively thin shell; widely used in cooking
subtype: #brazil__brazil_nut three-sided tropical American nut with white oily meat and hard brown shell
subtype: #butternut oily egg-shaped nut of an American tree of the walnut family
subtype: #souari_nut a large nutlike seed of a South American tree
subtype: #cashew_nut__cashew kidney-shaped nut edible only when roasted
subtype: #chestnut.edible_nut edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
subtype: #chincapin__chinkapin__chinquapin small nut of either of two small chestnut trees of the southern United States; resembles a hazelnut
subtype: #hazelnut__filbert__cobnut__cob nut of any of several trees of the genus Corylus
subtype: #coconut__cocoanut large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk
subtype: #grugru_nut nut of Brazilian or West Indian palms
subtype: #hickory_nut__hickorynut small hard-shelled nut of North American hickory trees especially the shagbark hickories
subtype: #macadamia_nut__macadamianut nutlike seed with sweet and crisp white meat
subtype: #pecan smooth brown oval nut of south central United States
subtype: #pine_nut__pignolia__pinon_nut__pinonnut edible seed of any of several nut pines especially some pinons of southwestern North America
subtype: #pistachio_nut__pistachionut__pistachio nut of Mediterranean trees having an edible green kernel
subtype: #cembra_nut__cedar_nut the seed of the Swiss pine
subtype: #kola_nut__cola_nut bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract
subtype: #mast.nut nuts of forest trees (as beechnuts and acorns) accumulated on the ground; used especially as food for swine
subtype: #palm_nut__palm_kernel see o any oil palm
subtype: #nutlet a small nut
subtype: #berry.fruit a pulpy and usually edible small fruit having any of various structures: e.g. strawberry or raspberry or blueberry
subtype: #cranberry.berry very tart red berry used for sauce or juice
subtype: #baneberry a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea
subtype: #simple_fruit__bacca an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
subtype: #aggregate_fruit__aggregatefruit__multiple_fruit__syncarp fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
subtype: #syconium the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets
subtype: #drupe__stone_fruit__stonefruit fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
subtype: #almond oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree
subtype: #peach downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh
subtype: #plum any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single pit
subtype: #cherry fruit with a single hard stone
subtype: #elderberry berrylike fruit of an elder used for e.g. wines and jellies
subtype: #Chinese_jujube__jujube__Chinese_date dark red plum-like fruit of Old World buckthorn trees
subtype: #olive.relish one-seeded fruit of the European olive tree usually pickled and used as a relish
subtype: #black_olive__ripe_olive olives picked ripe and cured in brine then dried or pickled or preserved canned or in oil
subtype: #green_olive olives picked green and pickled in brine; infrequently stuffed with e.g. pimento
subtype: #drupelet a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe
subtype: #blackberry large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus
subtype: #raspberry red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries
subtype: #acinus.drupelet__acinu one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry
subtype: #pome__false_fruit__falsefruit a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
subtype: #apple fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
subtype: #pear sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties
subtype: #quince aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves
subtype: #seedpod__pod a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
subtype: #legume.seedpod the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a two-valved case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attached to one edge of the valves
subtype: #garbanzo__chickpea the seed of the chickpea plant
subtype: #lentil.legume the fruit or seed of a lentil plant
subtype: #pea.legume the fruit or seed of a pea plant
subtype: #garden_pea the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
subtype: #field_pea.legume__fieldpea seed of the field pea plant
subtype: #cowpea__black-eyed_pea fruit or seed of the cowpea plant
subtype: #peanut underground pod of of the peanut vine
subtype: #screw_bean__screwbean spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed
subtype: #okra long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant
subtype: #cowage pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey
subtype: #loment pods constricted between seeds and breaking apart when ripe into one-seed segments
subtype: #pyxidium__pyxis__pyxi fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released
subtype: #accessory_fruit__accessoryfruit__pseudocarp fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry
subtype: #buckthorn_berry__buckthornberry__yellow_berry fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
subtype: #cubeb spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes
subtype: #septum.plant_organ a partition or wall especially in an ovary
subtype: #nectary__honey_gland__honeygland a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar
subtype: #archegonium a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
subtype: #mescal_button__sacred_mushroom the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus
subtype: #cup.plant_organ cup-shaped plant organ
subtype: #acorn_cup__acorncup__cupule cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn
subtype: #hypobasidium special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
subtype: #gill.plant_organ__lamella any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
subtype: #fruiting_body an organ specialized for producing spores
subtype: #ascocarp mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus
subtype: #ascoma an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle
subtype: #apothecium a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi
subtype: #elf_cup__elfcup apothecium of a fungus of the family Pezizaceae
subtype: #cleistothecium__cleistocarp closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration
subtype: #perithecium flask-shaped ascocarp
subtype: #acervulus__acervulu small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
subtype: #basidiocarp the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
subtype: #aecium fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores
subtype: #root the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
subtype: #calamus the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
subtype: #taro__cocoyam__eddo edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
subtype: #ginseng aromatic root of ginseng plants
subtype: #horseradish_root__horseradishroot__horseradish the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning
subtype: #radish.root pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants
subtype: #chicory__chicoryroot the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
subtype: #oyster_plant__salsify edible root of the salsify plant
subtype: #Hottentot_bread__Hottentot's_bread thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot
subtype: #briarroot hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
subtype: #orrisroot__orris__orri fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines
subtype: #sarsaparilla_root dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent
subtype: #licorice_root root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines
subtype: #senega dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin
subtype: #mandrake_root__mandrake the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic
subtype: #cassava cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
subtype: #carrot.root deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
subtype: #parsnip.root the whitish root of cultivated parsnip
subtype: #taproot main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
subtype: #adventitious_root root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
subtype: #rootlet small root or division of a root
subtype: #prop_root a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves
subtype: #root_cap thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
subtype: #root_hair thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
subtype: #stolon__runner__offset a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
subtype: #stalk__stem a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
subtype: #filament.stalk the stalk of a stamen
subtype: #funicle__funiculus__funiculu the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
subtype: #cane.stalk a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
subtype: #sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice
subtype: #rattan_cane__rattan the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes
subtype: #malacca stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles
subtype: #sporangiophore stalk bearing one or more sporangia
subtype: #cutting.stalk__slip a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
subtype: #quickset cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines: "a quickset of a vine planted in a vineyard"
subtype: #tuber a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage
subtype: #water_chestnut__waterchestnut edible bulbous tuber of a Chinese marsh plant
subtype: #potato_bean__groundnut__wild_bean nutlike tuber; important food of Native Americans
subtype: #Jerusalem_artichoke edible tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke
subtype: #yam.tuber edible tuber of any of several yams
subtype: #sweet_potato.tuber__sweetpotato the fleshy root of the sweet potato vine
subtype: #rhizome__rootstock a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: #axis.stalk the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
subtype: #rachis axis of a compound leaf or compound inflorescence
subtype: #spadix the fleshy axis of a spike often surrounded by a spathe
subtype: #caudex woody stem of palms and tree ferns
subtype: #beanstalk stem of a bean plant
subtype: #cladode__cladophyll__phylloclad__phylloclade a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
subtype: #stock.stalk__caudex persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
subtype: #stipe supporting stalk or stemlike structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap
subtype: #scape__flowerstalk erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
subtype: #peduncle.scape stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
subtype: #pedicel__pedicle a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle
subtype: #ray.pedicel a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence
subtype: #petiole__leafstalk the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
subtype: #phyllode an expanded petiole taking on the function of a leaf blade
subtype: #bulb a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: #onion.bulb edible bulb of an onion plant
subtype: #shallot.bulb aggregated bulb of the multiplier onion
subtype: #squill bulb of the sea squill, which is sliced, dried, and used as an expectorant
subtype: #bulbil__bulblet small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
subtype: #corm solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: #branch a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
subtype: #tree_branch__limb any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
subtype: #stick.tree_branch a small thin branch of a tree
subtype: #bough any of the larger branches of a tree
subtype: #branchlet__twig__sprig small branch or division of a branch; usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
subtype: #brier a thorny stem or twig
subtype: #withy__withe strong flexible twig
subtype: #osier.withy flexible twig of a willow tree
subtype: #culm stem of plants of the Gramineae
subtype: #haulm__halm stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
subtype: #tree_trunk__trunk__bole the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
subtype: #capitulum__head a dense clusters of flowers or foliage: "a head of cauliflower"; "a head of lettuce"
subtype: #leafage__leaf__foliage the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
subtype: #cotyledon__seed_leaf embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants
subtype: #floral_leaf a modified leaf that is part of a flower
subtype: #flower_petal__petal part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored
subtype: #corolla the petals of a flower collectively forming an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth
subtype: #sepal one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower
subtype: #calyx the sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing a developing bud; usually green
subtype: #hull.calyx persistent enlarged calyx at base of e.g. a strawberry or raspberry
subtype: #pappus calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions
subtype: #thistledown pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seedlike fruit of a thistle
subtype: #dandelion_green.leafage__dandeliongreen the foliage of the dandelion plant
subtype: #sporophyll__sporophyl leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia
subtype: #leaf_blade__blade especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
subtype: #amplexicaul_leaf__amplexicaulleaf a leaf with its base clasping the stem
subtype: #greenery__verdure green foliage
subtype: #leaflet part of a compound leaf
subtype: #pinna__pinnule division of a usually pinnately divided leaf
subtype: #frond compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad
subtype: #lily_pad floating leaves of a water lily
subtype: #scale_leaf__scaleleaf__scale a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
subtype: #squamule a minute scale (on a plant or fungus)
subtype: #fig_leaf.leafage__figleaf a leaf from a fig tree
subtype: #simple_leaf not divided into parts
subtype: #acerate_leaf__acerateleaf__needle as of a conifer
subtype: #acuminate_leaf__acuminateleaf narrowing to a slender point
subtype: #cordate_leaf__cordateleaf a heart-shaped leaf
subtype: #cuneate_leaf__cuneateleaf a wedge-shaped leaf having the acute angle at the base
subtype: #deltoid_leaf__deltoidleaf shaped like a capital delta
subtype: #elliptic_leaf shaped like an ellipse
subtype: #ensiform_leaf a sword-shaped leaf; as of iris
subtype: #hastate_leaf__hastateleaf shaped like a spearhead with flaring pointed lobes at the base
subtype: #lanceolate_leaf shaped like a lance head; tapering to a point at each end
subtype: #linear_leaf__elongate_leaf a long slender leaf
subtype: #lyrate_leaf having curvature suggestive of a lyre
subtype: #obtuse_leaf having a rounded or blunt tip
subtype: #oblanceolate_leaf having a rounded apex and tapering base
subtype: #oblong_leaf rounded at each end with parallel sides
subtype: #obovate_leaf__obovateleaf egg-shaped with the narrower end at the base
subtype: #ovate_leaf__ovateleaf egg-shaped with the broader end at the base
subtype: #orbiculate_leaf circular or nearly circular
subtype: #pandurate_leaf__pandurateleaf__panduriform_leaf__panduriformleaf fiddle-shaped
subtype: #peltate_leaf__peltateleaf shield-shaped; as a nasturtium leaf
subtype: #perfoliate_leaf a leaf with the base united around--and apparently pierced by--the stem
subtype: #reniform_leaf kidney-shaped
subtype: #sagittate-leaf__sagittateleaf__sagittiform_leaf__sagittiformleaf shaped like an arrow head
subtype: #spatulate_leaf__spatulateleaf spatula-shaped; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base
subtype: #compound_leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk
subtype: #trifoliolate_leaf having three leaflets
subtype: #quinquefoliate_leaf having five leaflets
subtype: #palmate_leaf__palmateleaf a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point
subtype: #pedate_leaf having the radiating lobes each deeply cleft or divided
subtype: #pinnate_leaf__pinnateleaf a leaf resembling a feather; having the leaflets on each side of a common axis
subtype: #bijugate_leaf__bijugous_leaf a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets
subtype: #bipinnate_leaf__bipinnateleaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns
subtype: #even-pinnate_leaf__abruptly-pinnate_leaf pinnate with a pair of leaflets at the apex
subtype: #odd-pinnate_leaf__oddpinnateleaf pinnate with a single leaflet at the apex
subtype: #decompound_leaf having divisions that are themselves compound
subtype: #entire_leaf a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
subtype: #crenate_leaf__crenateleaf a leaf having a scalloped margin
subtype: #serrate_leaf__serrateleaf a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex
subtype: #dentate_leaf__dentateleaf a leaf having a toothed margin
subtype: #denticulate_leaf__denticulateleaf a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate
subtype: #emarginate_leaf a leaf having a notch at the apex
subtype: #erose_leaf__eroseleaf a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed
subtype: #runcinate_leaf__runcinateleaf a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf
subtype: #lobed_leaf__lobedleaf a leaf having deeply indented margins
subtype: #parted_leaf a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes
subtype: #rosette.leafage a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)
subtype: #sprout.plant_organ any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
subtype: #shoot.sprout a new branch
subtype: #sucker.shoot a shoot arising from a plant's roots
subtype: #tiller.shoot a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass
subtype: #bud.sprout a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
subtype: #leaf_bud a bud from which leaves but not flowers develop
subtype: #flower_bud a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop
subtype: #clove.flower_bud aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice
subtype: #mixed_bud__mixedbud a bud yielding both leaves and flowers
subtype: #aril fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed
subtype: #duct.plant_part a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
subtype: #universal_veil__universalveil__velum membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
subtype: #partial_veil__partialveil__velum membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
subtype: #cortina a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils
subtype: #annulus__annulu (fungi) remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the lower part of the stem
subtype: #tendril slender stemlike structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support
subtype: #cirrhus__cirrhu__cirrus usually coiled
subtype: #tree_stump__stump the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
subtype: #stock.plant_part a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
subtype: #rootstock root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots
subtype: #receptacle.plant_part enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
subtype: #kernel.plant_part__meat the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone: "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell"
3 statements are about indirect instances of #natural_object: pm#graph1_on_body_covering, pm#graph1_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, dg#graph1_on_daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
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