#natural_object__naturalobject an object occurring naturally; not made by man
exclusion: artifact
supertype: physical_object__object a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow; "it was full of rackets, balls and other objects"
subtype: cocoon silky envelope spun by the larvae of many insects to protect pupas and by spiders to protect eggs
subtype: body__organic_structure__organicstructure__physical_structure the entire physical structure of an organism (especially an animal or human being); "he felt as if his whole body were on fire"
subtype: life_form the characteristic bodily form of a mature organism
subtype: human_body__humanbody__physical_body__material_body__soma__build__figure__physique__anatomy__shape__bod__chassis__frame__form__flesh alternative names for the body of a human being; "Leonardo studied the human body"; "he has a strong physique"; "the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak"
subtype: person_body a person's body (usually including their clothing); "a weapon was hidden on his person"
subtype: juvenile_body the body of a young person
subtype: child's_body__child'sbody the body of a human child
subtype: adult_body__adultbody the body of an adult human being
subtype: woman's_body__woman'sbody__adult_female_body the body of an adult woman
subtype: man's_body__man'sbody__adultmalebody the body of an adult man
subtype: male_body the body of a male human being
subtype: man's_body__man'sbody__adultmalebody the body of an adult man
subtype: female_body the body of a female human being
subtype: woman's_body__woman'sbody__adult_female_body the body of an adult woman
subtype: dead_body__body body of a dead animal or person; "they found the body in the lake"
subtype: carcase__carcass__carcas the dead body of an animal especially one slaughtered and dressed for food
subtype: carrion the dead and rotting body of an animal
subtype: cadaver__stiff__clay__remains__remain the dead body of a human being
subtype: cremains the remains of a dead body after cremation
subtype: mummy a body embalmed and dried and wrapped for burial (as in ancient Egypt)
subtype: live_body a living body of an animal or person
subtype: system.live_body the living body considered as made up of interdependent components forming a unified whole; "exercise helped him get the alcohol out of his system"
subtype: asterism (astronomy) a cluster of stars (or a small constellation)
instance: Big_Dipper__Dipper__Plough__Charles's_Wain__Wain__Wagon Little_Dipper__Dipper
subtype: black_body__blackbody__blackbody__full_radiator a hypothetical object capable of absorbing all the electromagnetic radiation falling on it; "a black body maintained at a constant temperature is a full radiator at that temperature because the radiation reaching and leaving it must be in equilibrium"
subtype: body.natural_object an individual 3-dimensional object that has mass and that is distinguishable from other objects; "heavenly body"
subtype: chromosome a threadlike body in the cell nucleus that carries the genes in a linear order
subtype: sex_chromosome__sexchromosome a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual; "mammals normally have two sex chromosomes"
subtype: X_chromosome the sex chromosome that is present in both sexes: singly in males and doubly in females; "human females normally have two X chromosomes"
subtype: XX (genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female
subtype: XXX (genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female
subtype: XXY (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome
subtype: XY (genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male
subtype: XYY (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes
subtype: Y_chromosome the sex chromosome that is carried by men; "human males normally have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome"
subtype: autosome__somatic_chromosome__somaticchromosome any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome; appear in pairs in body cells but as single chromosomes in spermatozoa
subtype: acentric_chromosome a chromosome lacking a centromere
subtype: acrocentric_chromosome__acrocentricchromosome a chromosome with the centromere near one end so that one chromosomal arm is short and one is long
subtype: metacentric_chromosome__metacentricchromosome a chromosome having two equal arms because the centromere is in median position
subtype: telocentric_chromosome__telocentricchromosome a chromosome like a straight rod with the centromere in terminal position
subtype: inclusion_body__inclusionbody__cellular_inclusion__inclusion any small intracellular body found within another (characteristic of certain diseases); "an inclusion in the cytoplasm of the cell"
subtype: plasmid a small cellular inclusion consisting of a ring of DNA that is not in a chromosome but is capable of autonomous replication
subtype: Russell's_body__cancer_body an inclusion body found in plasma cells in cases of cancer
subtype: mass.body a body of matter without definite shape; "a huge ice mass"
subtype: coprolith__fecalith__faecalith__stercolith a hard mass of dried feces
subtype: pulp any soft or soggy mass; "he pounded it to a pulp"
subtype: particle a body having finite mass and internal structure but negligible dimensions
subtype: virion a complete viral particle; nucleic acid and capsid (and a lipid envelope in some viruses)
subtype: alpha_particle__alphaparticle a positively charged particle that is the nucleus of the helium atom; emitted from natural or radioactive isotopes
subtype: beta_particle a high-speed electron or positron emitted in the decay of a radioactive isotope
subtype: boson any particle that obeys Bose-Einstein statistics but not the Pauli exclusion principle; all nuclei with an even mass number are bosons
subtype: gauge_boson__gaugeboson a particle that mediates the interaction of two elementary particles
subtype: gluon a gauge boson that mediates strong interaction among quarks
subtype: gravitons__graviton a gauge boson that mediates the (extremely weak) gravitational interactions between particles
subtype: intermediate_vector_bosons a gauge boson that mediates weak interactions between particles
subtype: photon a quantum of electromagnetic radiation; an elementary particle that is its own antiparticle
subtype: meson__mesotron an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0
subtype: b-meson__bmeson exceedingly short-lived meson
subtype: J_particle__psi_particle__psiparticle a neutral meson with a large mass
subtype: kaon__kappa-meson__kappameson__k-meson__kmeson__K_particle an unstable meson produced as the result of a high-energy particle collision
subtype: pion__pi-meson a meson produced as the result of high-energy particle collision
subtype: deuteron the nucleus of deuterium; consists of one proton and one neutron; used as a bombarding particle in accelerators
subtype: elementary_particle__fundamental_particle__fundamentalparticle__subatomicparticle a particle that is less complex than an atom; regarded as constituents of all matter
subtype: antilepton the antiparticle of a lepton
subtype: antimuon__positive_muon the antiparticle of a muon; decays to positron and neutrino and antineutrino
subtype: antineutrino the antiparticle of a neutrino
subtype: antitauon__tau-plus_particle an antilepton of very great mass
subtype: positron__antielectron an elementary particle with positive charge; interaction of a positron and an electron results in annihilation
subtype: antiparticle a particle that has the same mass as another particle but has opposite values for its other properties; interaction of a particle and its antiparticle results in annihilation and the production of radiant energy
subtype: antiquark the antiparticle of a quark
subtype: hadron any elementary particle that interacts strongly with other particles
subtype: antibaryon the antiparticle of a baryon; a hadron with a baryon number of -1
subtype: antimeson the antiparticle of a meson
subtype: baryon__heavy_particle__heavyparticle any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1
subtype: hyperon any baryon that is not a nucleon; unstable particle with mass greater than a neutron
subtype: lambda_particle__lambda_hyperon an electrically neutral baryon with isotopic spin 1
subtype: nucleon a constituent (proton or neutron) of an atomic nucleus
subtype: antineutron the antiparticle of a neutron
subtype: antiproton an unstable negatively charged proton; the antiparticle of a proton
subtype: neutron an elementary particle with 0 charge and mass about equal to a proton; enters into the structure of the atomic nucleus
subtype: proton a stable particle with positive charge equal to the negative charge of an electron
subtype: hydrogen_ion a positively charged atom of hydrogen; that is to say, a normal hydrogen atomic nucleus
subtype: meson__mesotron an elementary particle responsible for the forces in the atomic nucleus; a hadron with a baryon number of 0
subtype: lepton an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0
subtype: electron__negatron an elementary particle with negative charge
subtype: delta_ray__deltaray an electron ejected from matter by ionizing radiation
subtype: free_electron electron that is not attached to an atom or ion or molecule but is free to move under the influence of an electric field
subtype: photoelectron an electron that is emitted from an atom or molecule by an incident photon
subtype: valence_electron__valenceelectron an electron in the outer shell of an atom which can combine with other atoms to form molecules
subtype: negative_muon__muon__mu-meson an elementary particle with a negative charge and a half-life of 2 microsecond; decays to electron and neutrino and antineutrino
subtype: neutrino an elementary particle with zero charge and zero mass
subtype: tauon__tau-minus_particle__tauminusparticle a lepton of very great mass
subtype: quark hypothetical truly fundamental particle in mesons and baryons; there are supposed to be six flavors of quarks (and their antiquarks), which come in pairs; each has an electric charge of +2/3 or -1/3
subtype: bottom_quark__beauty_quark a quark with a charge of -1/3 and a mass about 10,000 times that of an electron
subtype: charm_quark a quark with an electric charge of +2/3 and a mass 2900 times that of an electron and a charm of +1
subtype: down_quark a stable quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 607 times that of an electron
subtype: strange_quark__strangequark__squark a quark with an electric charge of -1/3 and a mass 988 times that of an electron and a strangeness of -1
subtype: top_quark__topquark__truth_quark__truthquark a hypothetical quark with a charge of +2/3 and a mass more than 100,000 times that of an electron
subtype: up_quark a stable quark with an electric charge of +2/3 and a mass 607 times that of an electron
subtype: strange_particle__strangeparticle an elementary particle with non-zero strangeness
subtype: fermion any particle that obeys Fermi-Dirac statistics and is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle
subtype: baryon__heavy_particle__heavyparticle any of the elementary particles having a mass equal to or greater than that of a proton and that participate in strong interactions; a hadron with a baryon number of +1
subtype: lepton an elementary particle that participates in weak interactions; has a baryon number of 0
subtype: magnetic_monopole a hypothetical particle with a single magnetic pole instead of the usual two
subtype: micelle an electrically charged particle built up from polymeric molecules or ions and occurring in certain colloidal electrolytic solutions like soaps and detergents
subtype: prion (microbiology) an infectious protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid; thought to be the agent responsible for scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the nervous system
subtype: virino (microbiology) a hypothetical infectious particle thought to be the cause of scrapie and other degenerative diseases of the central nervous system; consists of nucleic acid in a protective coat of host cell proteins
subtype: scintilla a sparkling glittering particles
subtype: superstring a hypothetical particle that is the elementary particle in a theory of space-time
subtype: thermion an electrically charged particle (electron or ion) emitted by a substance at a high temperature
subtype: celestial_body__celestialbody__heavenly_body natural objects visible in the sky
subtype: planet any of the celestial bodies (other than comets or satellites) that revolve around the sun in the solar system
subtype: asteroid__minor_planet__minorplanet__planetoid any of numerous small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that move around the sun (mainly between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter)
subtype: Pallas a large asteroid; the second asteroid to be discovered
instance: Apollo_asteroid Ceres Vesta
subtype: evening_star__eveningstar__Hesperus__Vesper a planet (usually Venus) seen at sunset in the western sky
subtype: morning_star__morningstar__daystar__phosphoru a planet (usually Venus) seen just before sunrise in the eastern sky
subtype: superior_planet any of the planets whose orbit lies outside the earth's orbit
subtype: Jovian_planet__gas_giant__gasgiant any of the four outermost planets in the solar system; much larger than Earth and gaseous in nature (like Jupiter)
instance: Jupiter Neptune.Jovian_planet__neptune Saturn Uranus
instance: Red_Planet__Mars Pluto
subtype: terrestrial_planet__terrestrialplanet a planet having a compact rocky surface like the Earth's; the four innermost planets in the solar system
subtype: inferior_planet any of the planets whose orbit lies inside the earth's orbit
instance: Mercury Venus
instance: Earth.terrestrial_planet__earth__globe Red_Planet__Mars
subtype: planetesimal one of many small solid celestial bodies thought to have existed at an early stage in the development of the solar system
subtype: quasar__quasi-stellar_radio_source__quasistellarradiosource a starlike object that may send out radio waves and other forms of energy; large red shifts imply enormous recession velocities
subtype: satellite any celestial body orbiting around a planet or star
subtype: Deimos the smaller of the two satellites of Mars
subtype: Galilean_satellite__Galilean one of the four satellites of Jupiter that were discovered by Galileo
instance: Callisto Europa Ganymede Io
subtype: moon.satellite any natural satellite of a planet; "Jupiter has sixteen moons"
subtype: moon the natural satellite of the Earth; "the average distance to the moon is 384,400 kilometers"; "men first stepped on the moon in 1969"
subtype: Phobos the larger of the two satellites of Mars
instance: Titan.satellite__titan
subtype: star (astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior
subtype: binary_star__binary__double_star a system of two stars that revolve around each other under their mutual gravitation
subtype: Altair double star 15.7 light years from Earth; the brightest star in the Aquila constellation
subtype: Sirius__Dog_Star__Canicula__Sothis the brightest star in the sky; in Canis Major
instance: Aldebaran Algol Alpha_Centauri__Rigil_Kent__Rigil Antares Epsilon_Aurigae Procyon Rigel__Beta_Orionis Vega
subtype: Deneb the brightest star in Cygnus
subtype: Denebola a star in Leo approximately 43 light years from Earth
subtype: fixed_star__fixedstar any star in the Ptolemaic theory of planetary motion
subtype: giant_star__giantstar__giant a very bright star of large diameter and low density (relative to the Sun)
instance: Arcturus Capella
subtype: loadstar__lodestar guiding star; a star that is used as a reference point in navigation of astronomy
instance: Polaris__North_Star__polar_star__polarstar__polestar
subtype: multiple_star a system of three or more stars associated by gravity
instance: Castor__Alpha_Geminorum the_Trapezium__Trapezium
subtype: neutron_star__neutronstar a star that has collapsed under its own gravity; it is composed of neutrons
subtype: pulsar a degenerate neutron star; small and extremely dense; rotates very fast and emits regular pulses of polarized radiation
subtype: nova a star that ejects some of its material in the form of a cloud and become more luminous in the process
subtype: red_dwarf_star__reddwarfstar__red_dwarf__reddwarf a small cool star; approximately 100 times the mass of Jupiter
subtype: flare_star__flarestar a red dwarf star in which luminosity can change several magnitudes in a few minutes
instance: Proxima_Centauri__Proxima
subtype: red_giant_star__redgiantstar__red_giant__redgiant a large cool star; has a relatively low surface temperature and a diameter large relative to the sun
subtype: sun a typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system; "the sun contains 99.85% of the mass in the solar system"
subtype: sun.star any star around which a planetary system evolves
subtype: supergiant an extremely bright star of very large diameter and low density
subtype: Canopus supergiant star 650 light years from Earth; second brightest star in the sky
instance: Betelgeuse__Alpha_Orionis
subtype: supernova a star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process
instance: Crab_Nebula
subtype: variable_star__variable a star that varies noticeably in brightness
instance: Polaris__North_Star__polar_star__polarstar__polestar
subtype: white_dwarf_star__whitedwarfstar__white_dwarf__whitedwarf a faint star of enormous density
instance: Alpha_Crucis Beta_Centauri Beta_Crucis Pollux Regulus Spica Sterope__Asterope
subtype: star.celestial_body any celestial body visible (as a point of light) from the Earth at night
subtype: constellation a configuration of stars as seen from the earth
subtype: Antlia a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Hydra and Vela
subtype: Apus a constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Octans
subtype: Aquarius a zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Capricornus and Pisces
subtype: Aquila a constellation in the Milky Way near Cygnus; contains the star Altair
subtype: Ara a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Norma
subtype: Argo formerly a large constellation in the southern hemisphere between Canis Major and the Southern Cross; now divided into Carina and Pyxis and Puppis and Vela
subtype: Aries a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Pisces and Taurus
subtype: Caelum a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Columba and Eridanus
subtype: Cancer a small zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Leo and Gemini
subtype: Carina a keel-shaped constellation in the southern hemisphere; contains the start Canopus
subtype: Cetus a large constellation on the equator near Pisces and Aquarius
subtype: Chamaeleon__Chameleon a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Apus and Mensa
subtype: Circinus a small faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Musca and Triangulum Australe
subtype: Columba__Dove a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Puppis and Caelum
subtype: Delphinus a constellation in the northern hemisphere near Pegasus and Aquila
subtype: Dorado a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Reticulum and Pictor; contains most of the Large Magellanic Cloud
subtype: Dragon__Draco a faint constellation twisting around the north celestial pole and lying between Ursa Major and Cepheus
subtype: Eridanus a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Fornax and Cetus
subtype: Fornax a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Cetus and Phoenix
subtype: Gemini a zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere between Taurus and Cancer on the ecliptic
subtype: Grus__the_Crane a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Phoenix
subtype: Indus a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Tucana
subtype: Leo a zodiacal constellation in northern hemisphere between Cancer and Virgo
subtype: Lepus a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Orion and Columba
subtype: Libra a small faint zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Virgo and Scorpius
subtype: Mensa a faint constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere and containing part of the Large Magellanic Cloud
subtype: Microscopium a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Sagittarius and Capricornus
subtype: Musca a small constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross and Chamaeleon
subtype: Norma a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Lupus and Ara in the Milky Way
subtype: Octans the constellation that includes the southern celestial pole
subtype: Ophiuchus a large constellation in the equatorial region between Hercules and Scorpius
subtype: Pavo a small constellation near the South Pole between Tucana and Ara
subtype: Perseus a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Auriga and Cassiopeia and crossed by the Milky Way
subtype: Phoenix.constellation__phoenix a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Tucana and Sculptor
subtype: Pictor a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Columba
subtype: Pisces.constellation__pisce a large faint zodiacal constellation; between Aquarius and Aries
subtype: Puppis a stern-shaped constellation in the southern hemisphere between Vela and Canis Major
subtype: Pyxis a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Puppis and Antlia
subtype: Reticulum a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Hydrus
subtype: Sagitta a small constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cygnus and Aquila and crossed by the Milky Way
subtype: Sagittarius a large zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Scorpius and Capricornus
subtype: Sculptor a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Phoenix and Cetus
subtype: Serpens a constellation in the equatorial region of the northern hemisphere near Ophiuchus and Corona Borealis
subtype: Virgo a large zodiacal constellation on the equator; between Leo and Libra
instance: Andromeda Auriga__Charioteer Bootes Canis_Major__Great_Dog Canis_Minor__Little_Dog Capricornus__Capricorn Cassiopeia Centaurus__Centaur__The_Centaur Cepheus Coma_Berenices Corona_Borealis__coronaboreali Corvus__Crow Crater Cygnus Great_Bear__Ursa_Major Hercules Snake__Hydra Hydrus Little_Bear__Ursa_Minor Lupus Lyra Orion.constellation__orion__thehunter Pegasus.constellation__pegasu Scorpius__Scorpio Southern_Cross__Crux__Crux_Australis Taurus Telescopium Triangulum__the_Triangle Triangulum_Australe__Southern_Triangle Tucana Vela Volans Vulpecula
subtype: natural_covering__naturalcovering__covering__cover a natural object that covers or envelops; "the fox was flushed from its cover"
subtype: scale.natural_covering a flattened rigid plate forming part of the body covering of many animals
subtype: fish_scale scale of the kind that covers the bodies of fish
subtype: squama a protective structure resembling a scale
subtype: alula__calypter scale-like structure between the base of the wing and the halter of a two-winged fly
subtype: mollusc_shell__molluscshell__shell the hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc
subtype: scallop_shell__scallopshell a shell of a scallop
subtype: oyster_shell a shell of an oyster
subtype: phragmocone__phragmacone the thin conical chambered internal shell (either straight or curved) of a belemnite
subtype: seashell the shell of a marine organism
subtype: clamshell the shell of a clam
subtype: test.natural_covering a hard outer covering as of some amoebas and sea urchins
subtype: body_covering any covering for the body or a body part
subtype: pelt__hide__skin body covering of a living animal
subtype: feather__plume__plumage the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds
subtype: down_feather__down soft fine feathers
subtype: duck_down down of the duck
subtype: eiderdown down of the eider duck
subtype: goose_down__goosedown down of the goose
subtype: swan's_down down of the swan
subtype: plumule down feather of young birds; persists in some adult birds
subtype: aftershaft a supplementary feather (usually small) on the underside of the base of the shaft of some feathers in some birds
subtype: contour_feather__contourfeather feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape
subtype: bastard_wing__bastardwing__alula__spurious_wing tuft of small stiff feathers on the first digit of a bird's wing
subtype: marabou downy feathers of marabou storks used for trimming garments
subtype: hackle long slender feather on the necks of e.g. turkeys and pheasants
subtype: saddle_hackle__saddle_feather a long narrow feather on the back (saddle) of a domestic fowl
subtype: flight_feather__pinion__quill__quill_feather__quillfeather any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird
subtype: primary_feather__primaryfeather__primary__primaryquill one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing
subtype: tail_feather feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird
subtype: sickle_feather one of the long curved tail feathers of a rooster
subtype: scapular a feather covering the shoulder of a bird
subtype: protective_covering tough natural covering of some organisms
subtype: armour__armor tough more-or-less rigid protective covering of an animal or plant
subtype: scute large bony or horny plate as on an armadillo or turtle
subtype: sclerite hard plate or element of the exoskeleton of some arthropods
subtype: clypeus a shield-like plate on the front of an insect's head
subtype: tegument__skin__cutis__cuti a natural protective covering of the body; site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
subtype: investment outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
subtype: pellicle thin protective membrane in some protozoa
subtype: thick_skin__thickskin skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
subtype: skin_graft a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
subtype: buff bare skin; "swimming in the buff"
subtype: dewlap a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
subtype: prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
subtype: foreskin__prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
subtype: scalp the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
subtype: hangnail__agnail a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
subtype: exuviae cast-off skins or coverings of various organisms during ecdysis
subtype: hair dense growth of hairs covering the body or parts of it (as on the human head); helps prevent heat loss; "he combed his hair"
subtype: pelage__coat growth of hair or wool or fur covering the body of an animal
subtype: fur.pelage dense coat of fine silky hairs on an mammals e.g. cat or seal or weasel
subtype: underfur__undercoat thick soft fur lying beneath the longer and coarser guard hair
subtype: wool.pelage__fleece outer coat of especially sheep and yaks
subtype: guard_hair__guardhair coarse hairs that form the outer fur and protect the underfur of certain mammals
subtype: mane long coarse hair growing from the crest of the animal's neck
subtype: encolure the mane of a horse
subtype: forelock.hair__foretop a lock of a horse's mane that grows forward between the ears
subtype: beard hairy growth on or near the face of certain mammals
subtype: body_hair short hair growing over a person's body
subtype: lanugo the fine downy hair covering a human fetus; normally shed during the ninth month of gestation
subtype: head_of_hair__mane growth of hair covering the scalp of a human being
subtype: cowlick a tuft of hair that grows in a different direction from the rest of the hair and usually will not lie flat
subtype: hairdo__hair_style__coiffure the arrangement of the hair (especially a woman's hair)
subtype: beehive.hairdo a hairdo resembling a beehive
subtype: haircut.hairdo the style in which hair haw been cut
subtype: brush_cut__brushcut a short haircut with hairs standing up like a brush
subtype: crew_cut__flattop a closely cropped haircut; usually for men
subtype: Mohican_haircut__Mohican haircut in which the head is shaved except for a band of hair down the middle of the scalp
subtype: Afro a rounded thickly curled hairdo
subtype: bang a fringe of banged hair (cut short squarely across the forehead)
subtype: bob.hairdo a hair style for women and children; a short haircut all around
subtype: wave.hairdo a hairdo that creates undulations in the hair
subtype: finger_wave a wave made with the fingers
subtype: permanent_wave__permanentwave__permanent__perm a series of waves in the hair made by applying heat and chemicals
subtype: braid__plait__tress__tres a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair
subtype: queue a braid of hair at the back of the head
subtype: pigtail a braid of hair on either side of the face
subtype: chignon a roll of hair worn at the nape of the neck
subtype: pageboy a smooth hair style with the ends of the hair curled inward
subtype: pompadour a hair style in which the front hair is swept up from the forehead
subtype: ponytail a hair style that draws the hair back so that it hangs down in back of the head like a pony's tail
subtype: scalp_lock__scalplock a long tuft of hair left on top of the shaven head
subtype: thatch hair resembling thatched roofing material
subtype: curl__lock__ringlet__whorl a strand or cluster of hair
subtype: sausage_curl__sausagecurl a fat sausage-shaped curl
subtype: forelock a lock of hair growing (or falling) over the forehead
subtype: quiff a prominent forelock (especially one brushed upward from the forehead)
subtype: crimp a lock of hair that has been artificially waved or curled
subtype: pin_curl__pincurl a curl of hair made by dampening a strand of hair and curling it and holding the curl with a clip or bobby pin
subtype: spit_curl__kiss_curl a spiral curl plastered on the forehead or cheek
subtype: dreadlock one of many long thin braids of hair radiating from the scalp; popularized by Rastafarians
subtype: face_fungus__beard__whiskers the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face
subtype: fuzz the first beard of an adolescent boy
subtype: Imperial_beard__imperial a small tufted beard worn by Emperor Napoleon III
subtype: beaver.face_fungus a full beard
subtype: sideburn__burnside__mutton_chop__side-whiskers beard grown down the side of a man's face in front of the ears (especially when the rest of the beard is shaved off)
subtype: goatee a small chin beard trimmed into a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard
subtype: mustache__moustache an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; "he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache"
subtype: soup-strainer__toothbrush (informal) slang terms for a mustache
subtype: mustachio__moustachio__handle-bars a large bushy moustache (with hair growing sometimes down the sides of the mouth)
subtype: walrus_mustache__walrusmustache a bushy droopy mustache
subtype: pubic_hair__pubichair__bush__crotch_hair hair growing in the pubic area
subtype: minge vulgar term for a woman's pubic hair or genitals
subtype: eyebrow__brow__supercilium the arch of hair above each eye
subtype: eyelash__lash__cilium any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids
subtype: headful a covering over the surface of your head; "a headful of tight curls"; "a headful of lice"
subtype: epicranium the muscle and aponeurosis and skin covering the cranium
subtype: exoskeleton the exterior protective or supporting structure or shell of many animals (especially invertebrates) including bony or horny parts such as nails or scales or hoofs
subtype: carapace__shell__cuticle hard outer covering or case of certain organisms such as arthropods and turtles
subtype: cuticula the outer body wall of an insect
subtype: sheath.natural_covering__case an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part
subtype: theca outer sheath of the pupa of certain insects
subtype: lorica a hard protective sheath as secreted by certain protoctists e.g.
subtype: medullary_sheath__medullarysheath__myelin_sheath a layer of myelin encasing (and insulating) the axons of medullated nerve fibers
subtype: neurolemma__neurilemma thin membranous sheath around a nerve fiber
subtype: husk outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds
subtype: cornhusk the husk of an ear of corn
subtype: hull.husk dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut
subtype: shell.hull the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts
subtype: nutshell the shell around the kernel of a nut
subtype: seedcase__pod__cod the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
subtype: pea_pod__peapod__peasecod husk of a pea; edible in some garden peas
subtype: bract a modified leaf or leaflike part just below and protecting an inflorescence
subtype: epicalyx__false_calyx__calycle__calyculu a group of bracts simulating a calyx as in a carnation or hibiscus
subtype: bracteole a small bract
subtype: spathe a conspicuous bract surrounding or subtending a spadix or other inflorescence
subtype: involucre a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence
subtype: glume small dry membranous bract found in inflorescences of Gramineae and Cyperaceae
subtype: flowering_glume__floweringglume__lemma the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae
subtype: integument an outer protective covering such as the skin of an animal or a cuticle or seed coat or rind or shell
subtype: blanket.natural_covering__mantle anything that covers; "there was a blanket of snow"
subtype: incrustation__crust__encrustation a hard outer layer that covers something
subtype: tartar__calculus an incrustation that forms on the teeth and gums
subtype: envelope.natural_covering a natural covering (as by a fluid); "the spacecraft detected an envelope of gas around the comet"
subtype: object_shell__shell a rigid covering that envelops an object; "the satellite is covered with a smooth shell of ice"
subtype: eggshell__shell the exterior covering of a bird's egg
subtype: slough any outer covering that can be shed or cast off (such as the cast-off skin of a snake)
subtype: peridium outer layer of the spore-bearing organ in many fungi
subtype: pericarp__seed_vessel the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary
subtype: epicarp__exocarp outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape
subtype: endocarp__stone__pit the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed
subtype: peach_pit__peachpit the stone seed of a peach
subtype: cherry_stone the stone seed of a cherry
subtype: capsule.pericarp a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
subtype: bilocular_capsule__bilocularcapsule a capsule divided into two cells or compartments
subtype: boll the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant
subtype: silique__siliqua narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae
subtype: silicle short broad silique occurring in some cruciferous plants
subtype: bur.pericarp__burr seed vessel having hooks or prickles
subtype: spanish_needles__spanishneedle__beggar-ticks the seed of bur marigolds
subtype: perianth__floral_envelope collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamen and carpel
subtype: theca.natural_covering__sac a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule
subtype: indusium a membrane enclosing and protecting the developing spores especially that covering the sori of a fern
subtype: bark tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants
subtype: cinnamon_bark.bark__cinnamonbark__cinnamon aromatic bark used as a spice
subtype: cassia_bark__Chinese_cinnamon aromatic bark of the cassia-bark tree; less desirable as a spice than Ceylon cinnamon bark
subtype: cinnamon_bark aromatic bark of Saigon cinnamon used medicinally as a carminative
subtype: magnolia.bark dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine
subtype: tanbark bark rich in tannin; bruised and cut in pieces to use for tanning; spent tanbark used as a ground covering
subtype: mezereum the dried bark of the shrub mezereon
subtype: canella_bark__canellabark__canella__white_cinnamon__whitecinnamon highly aromatic inner bark of the Canella winterana used as a condiment and a tonic
subtype: cinchona_bark__Peruvian_bark__Jesuit's_bark medicinal bark of cinchona trees; source of quinine and quinidine
subtype: cascarilla_bark__eleuthra_bark__sweetwood_bark__sweetwoodbark aromatic bark of cascarilla; used as a tonic and for making incense
subtype: cascara_sagrada__cascarasagrada__cascara__chittam_bark__chittambark__chittem_bark__chittembark dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
subtype: winter's_bark aromatic bark having tonic and stimulant properties
subtype: tappa__tapa thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus
subtype: angostura_bark__angosturabark__angostura the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters
subtype: cork outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.
subtype: phellem (botany) outer tissue of bark; a protective layer of dead cells
subtype: extraterrestrial_object__estraterrestrial_body a natural object existing outside the earth and outside the earth's atmosphere
subtype: comet (astronomy) a relatively small extraterrestrial body consisting of a frozen mass that travels around the sun in a highly elliptical orbit
subtype: meteoroid (astronomy) any of the small solid extraterrestrial bodies that hits the earth's atmosphere
subtype: meteorite stony or metallic object that is the remains of a meteoroid that has reached the earth's surface
subtype: aerolite a stony meteorite consisting of silicate minerals
subtype: micrometeorite a meteorite so small that it drifts down to earth without becoming intensely heated in the atmosphere
subtype: pallasite a meteorite composed principally of olivine and metallic iron
subtype: siderite a meteorite consisting principally of nickel and iron
subtype: meteor_swarm a group of meteoroids with similar paths
subtype: geological_formation__geology the geological features of the earth
subtype: aquifer underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc
subtype: beach an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
subtype: plage the beach at a seaside resort
subtype: cliff__drop-off a steep high face of rock
subtype: crag a steep rugged rock or cliff
subtype: precipice a very steep cliff
subtype: delta a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
subtype: folium a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock
subtype: foreshore the part of the seashore between the high-water and and low-water marks
subtype: ice_mass a large mass of ice
subtype: glacier a slowly moving mass of ice
subtype: Alpine_glacier__Alpine_type_of_glacier a glacier that moves down from a high valley
subtype: continental_glacier__continentalglacier a glacier that spreads out from a central mass of ice
subtype: polar_glacier__polarglacier a glacier near the Arctic or Antarctic poles
subtype: Piedmont_glacier__Piedmont_type_of_glacier a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice
subtype: Great_Mendenhall_Glacier__Mendenhall_Glacier a glacier of the Piedmont type near Juneau in Alaska
subtype: iceberg__berg a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier
subtype: growler a small iceberg or ice floe just large enough to be hazardous for shipping
subtype: icecap__ice_cap__icecap a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)
subtype: ice_field__icefield a large flat mass of ice (larger than an ice floe) floating at sea
subtype: ice_floe__icefloe__floe a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
subtype: lakefront land bordering a lake
subtype: massif a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range
subtype: mouth.geological_formation the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
subtype: natural_depression__naturaldepression__depression a sunken or depressed geological formation
subtype: basin.natural_depression a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it; "the basin of the Great Salt Lake"
subtype: cirque__corrie__cwm a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain; may contain a lake
subtype: saltpan a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake
subtype: tidal_basin__tidalbasin a basin that is full of water at high tide
subtype: bed.natural_depression__bottom a depression forming the ground under a body of water; "he searched for treasure on the ocean bed"
subtype: lake_bed__lake_bottom the bottom of a lake
subtype: ocean_floor__oceanfloor__ocean_bottom__oceanbottom__seabed__sea_bottom__seabottom__Davy_Jones's_locker__Davy_Jones the bottom of a sea or ocean
subtype: abyssal_zone__abyssalzone the deep sea (2000 meters or more) where there is no light
subtype: continental_shelf__continentalshelf the relatively shallow (up to 200 meters) seabed surrounding a continent
subtype: continental_slope__continentalslope__bathyal_zone__bathyalzone__bathyal_district__bathyaldistrict the steep descent of the seabed from the continental shelf to the abyssal zone
subtype: riverbed__river_bottom__riverbottom a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river
subtype: streambed__creek_bed__creekbed a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream
subtype: dry_wash__drywash__wash (western United States) the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon)
subtype: crater a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
subtype: collector a crater that has collected cosmic material hitting the earth
subtype: lunar_crater__lunarcrater a crater on the Earth's moon
subtype: Aristarchus a bright crater on the moon
subtype: Copernicus a conspicuous crater on the moon
subtype: hole.natural_depression__hollow a depression hollowed out of solid matter
subtype: burrow__tunnel a hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter
subtype: rabbit_warren.burrow__rabbitwarren__warren a series of connected underground tunnels occupied by rabbits
subtype: gopher_hole a hole in the ground made by gophers
subtype: cavity__pit a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); "they dug a pit to bury the body"
subtype: barbecue_pit a pit where wood or charcoal is burned to make a bed of hot coals suitable for barbecuing meat
subtype: borrow_pit a pit created to provide earth that can be used as fill at another site
subtype: divot.cavity (golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke; "it was a good drive but the ball ended up in a divot"
subtype: fire_pit a pit whose floor is incandescent lava; "the fire pit of the crater"
subtype: quicksand a pit filled with loose wet sand into which heavy objects sink
subtype: sandpit a large pit in sandy ground from which sand is dug
subtype: sawpit a pit over which lumber is positioned to be sawed by two men with a long two-handled saw
subtype: tar_pit__tarpit a natural accumulation of bitumens at the surface of the earth; often acts as a trap for animals whose bones are thus preserved
subtype: pothole__chuckhole a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface)
subtype: rabbit_burrow__rabbit_hole a hole in the ground as a nest made by wild rabbits
subtype: wormhole hole made by a burrowing worm
subtype: lowland low level country
subtype: landfill a low area that has been filled in
subtype: sanitary_landfill a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth
subtype: sinkhole__swallow_hole__swallowhole a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof
subtype: oceanic_abyss__oceanicabys__trench__deep a long steep-sided depression in the ocean floor
subtype: Atacama_Trench a depression the floor of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile
subtype: Bougainville_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
subtype: Japan_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Japan that reaches depths of 30,000 feet
subtype: Nares_Deep a depression in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean north of Haiti and Puerto Rico
subtype: trough a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)
subtype: valley__vale a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river
subtype: dale (British) an open river valley (in a hilly area)
subtype: glen (Scottish) a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)
subtype: gully deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)
subtype: arroyo (southwestern United States) a stream or brook
subtype: draw a gully that is shallower than a ravine
subtype: wadi gully or streambed in North Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season
subtype: holler__hollow a small valley between mountains; "he built himself a cabin in a hollow high up in the Appalachians"
subtype: dell__dingle a small wooded hollow
subtype: nullah a ravine or gully in southern Asia
subtype: ravine a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
subtype: canyon__canon (North America) a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall
subtype: gorge a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it)
subtype: gulch__flume a narrow gorge with a stream running through it
instance: Grand_Canyon Olduvai_Gorge
subtype: rift_valley a valley with steep sides; formed by a rift in the earth's crust
instance: San_Joaquin_Valley Shenandoah_Valley
subtype: natural_elevation__naturalelevation__elevation a raised or elevated geological formation
subtype: highland__upland elevated (e.g., mountainous) land
subtype: down.highland (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
subtype: tableland__plateau a relatively flat highland
subtype: Colorado_Plateau a large plateau south and west of the Rocky Mountains; abuts mountains on the north and east and ends in an escarpment overlooking lowlands to the south and west; the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is carved out of the southwestern corner
subtype: Llano_Estacado a large semiarid plateau forming the southern part of the Great Plains
subtype: mesa__table flat tableland with steep edges; "the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water"
subtype: terrace__bench a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below)
instance: Ardennes
instance: Highlands
subtype: hill a local and well-defined elevation of the land
subtype: foothill a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain
subtype: knoll__mound__hillock__hummock a small natural hill
subtype: anthill__formicary a mound of earth made by ants as they dig their nest
subtype: kopje__koppie (South Africa) a small hill rising up from the African veld
subtype: molehill a mound of earth made by moles while burrowing
subtype: tor a high rocky hill
instance: Calvary__Golgotha Zion__Sion Palatine Capitol_Hill__the_Hill
subtype: hills__hill hilly land; "they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia"; "the Black Hills"
subtype: foothills__foothill hilly land on the lower slopes of mountains
instance: Cotswolds__Cotswold_Hills Nilgiri_Hills Black_Hills
subtype: mountain__mount a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
subtype: alp any high mountain
subtype: ben (in Scotland or Ireland) a mountain or tall hill; "they were climbing the ben"
subtype: seamount an underwater mountain rising above the ocean floor
subtype: guyot a seamount of volcanic origin (especially in the Pacific Ocean)
subtype: volcano a mountain formed by volcanic material
instance: Cameroon Citlaltepetl__Mount_Orizaba__Mt_Orizaba__Pico_de_Orizaba Nevado_de_Colima__Colima__Volcan_de_Colima Cotacachi Cotopaxi Demavend El_Misti Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna Fuego Fuji-san__Fuji__Fujiyama Galeras__Pasto Guallatiri Huainaputina Klyuchevskaya Krakatau__Krakatao__Krakatoa Lascar Mauna_Kea Mauna_Loa Purace Sangay Tupungatito Mount_Saint_Helens__Mount_St._Helens__Mt._St._Helens Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius
instance: Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos
subtype: promontory__headland__foreland a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)
subtype: Cape_Canaveral__Cape_Kennedy a sandy promontory (formerly Cape Kennedy) extending into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island off the eastern coast of Florida; the site of a NASA center for spaceflight
subtype: Cape_Sable a promontory on the far southern part of Nova Scotia
subtype: Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
subtype: mull a term used in Scottish names of promontories; "the Mull of Kintyre"
subtype: point.promontory a promontory extending out into a large body of water; "they sailed south around the point"
instance: Cape_Horn Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe Cape_Hatteras
subtype: ridge a long narrow natural elevation or striation
subtype: bank.ridge a long ridge or pile; "a huge bank of earth"
subtype: bluff a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)
subtype: sandbank a submerged bank of sand near a shore or in a river; can be exposed at low tide
subtype: shoal a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide
subtype: bar.ridge a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore
subtype: sandbar__sand_bar a bar of sand
subtype: sand_dune__dune a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans
subtype: ledge__shelf a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water
subtype: reef a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water
subtype: coral_reef__coralreef a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone
subtype: atoll an island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon
instance: Kwajalein Eniwetok.atoll__eniwetok Kwajalein.atoll__kwajalein Midway_Islands
subtype: barrier_reef__barrierreef a long coral reef near and parallel to the shore
subtype: Florida_keys__key__cay a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida
subtype: ripple_mark one of a series of small ridges produced in sand by water currents or by wind
subtype: swell a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
subtype: oceanfront land bordering an ocean
subtype: Pillars_of_Hercules the two promontories at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; according to legend they were formed by Hercules
subtype: range_of_mountains__range__mountain_range__chain__mountain_chain__chain_of_mountains a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"
subtype: Admiralty_Range mountains in Antarctica north of Victoria Land
subtype: Balkans__Balkan_Mountains__Balkan_Mountain_Range the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula
subtype: Black_Hills.range_of_mountains__blackhill mountains in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming; sacred to the Sioux (whites settling in the Black Hills led to the Battle of Little Bighorn); site of Mount Rushmore
subtype: Cantabrian_Mountains a range of mountains in northern Spain along the coast of the Bay of Biscay
subtype: Caucasus_Mountains__Caucasus the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia
subtype: Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
subtype: Guadalupe_Mountains a mountain range in southern New Mexico and western Texas; the southern extension of the Sacramento Mountains
subtype: Mesabi_Range a range of hills in northeastern Minnesota where rich iron ore deposits were discovered in 1887
subtype: Nan_Ling a mountain range in southeastern China running generally east to west
subtype: Sacramento_Mountains mountain range in New Mexico east of the Rio Grande
subtype: sierra a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)
instance: Adirondacks__Adirondack_Mountains Alaska_Range Alleghenies__Allegheny_Mountains the_Alps__Alps Andes Apennines Appalachians__Appalachian_Mountains Berkshires__Berkshire_Hills Blue_Ridge_Mountains__Blue_Ridge Cascades__Cascade_Range Catskills__Catskill_Mountains Coast_Range__Coast_Mountains Cumberland_Mountains__Cumberland_Plateau Great_Smoky_Mountains Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush Karakoram_Range__Karakoram__Karakorum_Range__Mustagh__Mustagh_Range Kunlun_Mountains__Kunlun__Kuenlun__Kuenlun_Mountains Ozarks__Ozark_Mountains__Ozark_Plateau Pyrenees Rockies__Rocky_Mountains Sierra_Madre_Occidental Sierra_Madre_Oriental Sierra_Nevada_Mountains__Sierra_Nevada__High_Sierra Sierra_Nevada St._Elias_Range__St._Elias_Mountains Teton_Range Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan Urals__Ural_Mountains
subtype: relict geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
subtype: ridge.geological_formation a long narrow range of hills
subtype: arete a sharp narrow ridge found in rugged mountains
subtype: shore the land along the edge of a body of water (a lake or ocean or river)
subtype: lakeside__lakeshore the shore of a lake
subtype: seashore__coast__seacoast__sea-coast__seacoast the shore of a sea or ocean
subtype: littoral_zone__littoral__litoral__sands__sand the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean
subtype: Atlantic_Coast a coast of the Atlantic Ocean
subtype: landfall.seashore the seacoast first sighted on a voyage (or flight over water)
subtype: Pacific_Coast a coast of the Pacific Ocean
subtype: seaside the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort
instance: Barbary_Coast.North_Africa__barbarycoast Aeolis__Aeolia
subtype: strand.shore a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
subtype: incline__side an elevated geological formation; "he climbed the steep slope"; "the house was built on the side of the mountain"
subtype: acclivity__ascent__rise__raise__climb__upgrade an upward slope or grade (as in a road); "the car couldn't make the grade"
subtype: uphill the upward slope of a hill
subtype: bank sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); "they pulled the canoe up on the bank"; "he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents"
subtype: riverbank__riverside the bank of a river
subtype: waterside land bordering a body of water
subtype: cant__bank__camber a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
subtype: canyonside the steeply sloping side of a canyon
subtype: declivity__descent__fall__decline__downslope a downward slope
subtype: downhill.declivity the downward slope of a hill
subtype: steep a steep place (as on a hill)
subtype: escarpment__scarp a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion
subtype: hillside the side or slope of a hill
subtype: brae (Scotland) a slope or hillside
subtype: mountainside__versant the side or slope of a mountain; "conifer forests cover the eastern versant"
subtype: natural_spring__naturalspring__spring__fountain__outflow__outpouring a natural flow of ground water
subtype: geyser a spring that discharges hot water and steam
subtype: Old_Faithful a geyser in Yellowstone National Park that erupts for about 4 minutes about every 65 minutes
subtype: hot_spring__hotspring__thermal_spring__thermalspring a natural spring of water at a temperature of 70 F or above
instance: Fountain_of_Youth
subtype: talus__talu__scree a sloping mass of rocks at the base of a cliff
subtype: mineral_vein__mineralvein__vein a layer of ore between layers of rock
subtype: bonanza an especially rich vein of precious ore
subtype: wall.geological_formation a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
subtype: water_table__water_level__groundwater_level__groundwaterlevel underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water: "spring rains had raised the water table"
subtype: mechanism.natural_object a natural object resembling a machine in structure and function; "the mechanism of the ear"
subtype: barrier.mechanism anything serving to maintain separation by obstructing vision or access
subtype: bar.ridge a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore
subtype: blood-brain_barrier a mechanism that creates a barrier between brain tissues and circulating blood; serves to protect the central nervous system; "the brain was protected from the large molecules of the virus by the blood-brain barrier"
subtype: curtain any barrier to communication or vision; "a curtain of secrecy"; "a curtain of trees"
subtype: biological_clock an innate mechanism in living organisms that controls the periodicity of many physiological functions
subtype: nest a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young
subtype: beehive.nest__hive a structure that provides a natural habitation for bees; as in a hollow tree
subtype: bird's_nest nest where birds lay their eggs and hatch their young
subtype: aery__aerie__eyrie__eyry the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle)
subtype: drey the nest of a squirrel
subtype: mouse_nest__mousenest__mouse's_nest__mouse'snest where mice bear and raise their young
subtype: nidus__nidu a nest in which spiders or insects deposit their eggs
subtype: wasp's_nest__hornet's_nest habitation for wasps or hornets
subtype: radiator any object that radiates energy
subtype: radio_source__radiosource an object that radiates radio waves
subtype: rock.natural_object__stone a lump of hard consolidated mineral matter; "he threw a rock at me"
subtype: achondrite a stony meteor lacking chondrules
subtype: bedrock solid unweathered rock lying beneath surface deposits of soil
subtype: boulder__bowlder a large smooth mass of rock detached from its place of origin
subtype: glacial_boulder__glacialboulder a boulder that has been carried by a glacier to a place far distant from its place of origin
subtype: river_boulder__riverboulder a boulder that has been carried by a river to a place remote from its place of origin
subtype: shore_boulder__shoreboulder a boulder found on a shore remote from its place of origin
instance: Plymouth_Rock.boulder__plymouthrock
subtype: calculus__stone__concretion a hard lump produced by the concretion of mineral salts; found in hollow organs or ducts of the body
subtype: bladder_stone__bladderstone__cystolith a calculus formed in the bladder
subtype: enterolith a calculus occurring in the intestines
subtype: gallstone__bilestone a calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts
subtype: kidney_stone__urinary_calculus__nephrolith__renal_calculus a calculus formed in the kidney
subtype: ptyalith calculus in a salivary gland
subtype: sialolith__salivary_calculus a stone formed in the salivary gland
subtype: urolith a urinary stone
subtype: chondrite a rock of meteoric origin containing chondrules
subtype: crystal.rock a rock formed by the solidification of a substance; has regularly repeating internal structure; external plane faces
subtype: crystallite any of numerous minute rudimentary crystalline bodies of unknown composition found in glassy igneous rock
subtype: rock_outcrop__outcrop__outcropping the part of a rock formation that appears above the surface of the surrounding land
subtype: belay something to which a mountain climber's rope can be secured
subtype: outthrust an outcropping of rock that extends outward
subtype: pebble a small smooth rounded rock
subtype: petrifaction a rock created by petrifaction; an organic object infiltrated with mineral matter and preserved in its original form
subtype: sill.rock (geology) a flat (usually horizontal) mass of igneous rock between two layers of older sedimentary rock
subtype: stepping_stone.rock__steppingstone a stone in a marsh or shallow water that can be stepped on in crossing
subtype: tor.rock a prominent rock or pile of rocks on a hill
subtype: wall_rock a rock immediately adjacent to a vein or fault
subtype: sample.natural_object all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class
subtype: specimen.sample a bit of tissue or blood or urine that is taken for diagnostic purposes; "they collected a urine specimen for urinalysis"
subtype: cytologic_specimen__cytologicspecimen a specimen used for cytologic examination and diagnosis
subtype: cytologic_smear__cytologicsmear__smear__cytosmear a thin tissue or blood sample spread on a glass slide and stained for cytologic examination and diagnosis under a microscope
subtype: alimentary_tract_smear any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the alimentary tract; obtained by specialized lavage techniques and used mainly to diagnose cancer in those parts
subtype: esophageal_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the esophagus
subtype: gastric_smear__gastricsmear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the stomach
subtype: oral_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the mouth
subtype: paraduodenal_smear__duodenal_smear alimentary tract smear of material obtained from the duodenum
subtype: cervical_smear__Pap_smear__Papanicolaou_smear a sample of secretions and superficial cells of the uterine cervix and uterus; examined with a microscope to detect any abnormal cells
subtype: lower_respiratory_tract_smear__lowerrespiratorytractsmear__bronchoscopic_smear__bronchoscopicsmear__sputum_smear any of several cytologic smears obtained from different parts of the lower respiratory tract; used for cytologic study of cancer and other diseases of the lungs
subtype: vaginal_smear__vaginalsmear smear taken from the vaginal mucosa for cytological analysis
subtype: core.sample a cylindrical sample of soil or rock obtained with a hollow drill
subtype: tangle a twisted and tangled mass that is highly interwoven; "they carved their way through the tangle of vines"
subtype: hairball__hair_ball__trichobezoar a compact mass of hair that forms in the alimentary canal (especially in the stomach of animals as a result of licking fur)
subtype: shag.tangle a matted tangle of hair or fiber; "the dog's woolly shag"
subtype: existence__universe__creation__world__cosmos__macrocosm everything that exists anywhere; "they study the evolution of the universe"; "the biggest tree in existence"
subtype: natural_order__naturalorder the physical universe considered as an orderly system subject to natural (not human or supernatural) laws
subtype: nature.existence the natural physical world including plants and animals and landscapes etc.; "they tried to preserve nature as they found it"
subtype: cloud any collection of particles ($('<' #physical_phenomenon replaced by #natural_object because #cloud.atmospheric_phenomenon already exists and a clous a color, a mass, ... like all natural objects)$ e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible
subtype: coma (astronomy) the luminous cloud of particles surrounding the frozen nucleus of a comet; forms as the comet approaches the sun and is warmed
subtype: nebula.cloud an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space
subtype: diffuse_nebula__diffusenebula__gaseous_nebula__gaseousnebula a cluster of stars within an intricate cloud of gas and dust
instance: Orion.constellation__orion__thehunter
subtype: planetary_nebula__planetarynebula a nebula that was once thought to be a star with its planets but is now thought to be a very hot star surrounded by an expanding envelope of ionized gases that emit a fluorescent glow because of intense radiation from the star
subtype: aerosol a cloud of solid or liquid particles in a gas
subtype: fog droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground
subtype: fogbank a large mass of fog on the sea (as seen from a distance)
subtype: ice_fog__icefog__pogonip a dense winter fog containing ice particles
subtype: mist a thin fog with condensation near the ground
subtype: pea-souper__peasouper__pea_soup__peasoup a heavy thick yellow fog
subtype: haze atmospheric moisture or dust or smoke that causes reduced visibility
subtype: fume__smoke a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas
subtype: gun_smoke__gunsmoke smoke created by the firing of guns
subtype: smother a stifling cloud of smoke
subtype: cosmic_dust clouds of particles or gases occurring throughout interstellar space
subtype: dust_cloud a could of dust in the air
subtype: mushroom-shaped_cloud__mushroom__mushroom_cloud a large cloud of rubble and dust shaped like a mushroom and rising into the sky after an explosion (especially of a nuclear bomb)
subtype: plant_part__plantpart any part of a plant or fungus
subtype: stub a short piece remaining on a trunk or stem where a branch is lost
subtype: button.plant_part any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
subtype: thallus__thallu a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes
subtype: crustose_thallus thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
subtype: pileus__cap a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
subtype: calyptra the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
subtype: volva cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi
subtype: pycnidium flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia
subtype: chalaza.plant_part basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined
subtype: nucellus central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac
subtype: pollen_tube slender tubular outgrown from a pollen grain that penetrates the ovule and releases male gametes
subtype: mentum.plant_part a projection like a chin formed by the sepals and base of the column in some orchids
subtype: mycelium the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae
subtype: sclerotium compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth
subtype: plant_organ__plantorgan a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
subtype: reproductive_structure the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
subtype: spore small usually single-celled reproductive body produced especially by certain bacteria and algae and fungi and nonflowering plants
subtype: basidiospore a sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium
subtype: endospore a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae
subtype: carpospore a nonmotile spore of red algae
subtype: chlamydospore thick-walled asexual resting spore of certain fungi and algae
subtype: teliospore a chlamydospore that develops in the last stage of the life cycle of the rust fungus
subtype: conidium__conidiospore an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore
subtype: oospore a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae and fungi
subtype: tetraspore one of the four asexual spores produced within a sporangium
subtype: zoospore an asexual spore of some algae and fungi that moves by means of flagella
subtype: fern_seed the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible
subtype: microspore smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte
subtype: megaspore larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte
subtype: aeciospore spore of a rust fungus formed in an aecium
subtype: ascospore sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus
subtype: zygospore a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells
subtype: gleba fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn
subtype: hymenium spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
subtype: sporocarp__spore_case__sporecase specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia
subtype: bloom__flower__blossom reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts
subtype: floret a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)
subtype: apetalous_flower__apetalousflower flower having no petals
subtype: inflorescence the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk
subtype: flower_head a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae
subtype: catkin__ament a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence
subtype: umbel flat-topped or rounded inflorescence characteristic of the family Umbelliferae in which the individual flower stalks arise from about the same point; youngest flowers are at the center
subtype: corymb flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first
subtype: raceme usually elongate cluster of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first
subtype: panicle compound raceme or branched cluster of flowers
subtype: cyme more or less flat-topped cluster of flowers in which the central or terminal flower opens first
subtype: scorpioid_cyme__scorpioidcyme a cyme with flowers or branches alternating in opposite ranks
subtype: spike.inflorescence (botany) an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis
subtype: spikelet a small spike (as the inflorescence on grasses and sedges)
subtype: ray_flower__rayflower__ray_floret__rayfloret small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower
subtype: bud a partially opened flower
subtype: rosebud the bud of a rose
subtype: chrysanthemum.bloom the flower of a chrysanthemum plant
subtype: stamen the male reproductive organ of a flower
subtype: anther the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk
subtype: pistil__gynoecium the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma
subtype: simple_pistil consists of one carpel
subtype: compound_pistil consists of two or more fused carpels
subtype: carpel a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil
subtype: style.reproductive_structure the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
subtype: stigma.reproductive_structure the apical end of the style where pollen is deposited
subtype: ovary.reproductive_structure the organ that bears the ovules of a flower
subtype: ovule a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
subtype: amphitropous_ovule a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk
subtype: anatropous_ovule a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk
subtype: campylotropous_ovule a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus
subtype: orthotropous_ovule a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex
subtype: seed.ovule a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa
subtype: placenta.reproductive_structure that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form
subtype: placentation arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary
subtype: apical_placentation where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary
subtype: axile_placentation__axileplacentation ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa
subtype: basal_placentation__basalplacentation where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary
subtype: free_central_placentation where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only
subtype: lamellate_placentation__lamellateplacentation with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary
subtype: marginal_placentation__ventral_placentation__ventralplacentation with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary
subtype: parietal_placentation where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary
subtype: testa__seed_coat protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
subtype: endosperm nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants
subtype: gemma small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
subtype: strobilus__cone__strobile cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts
subtype: fir_cone__fircone the seed-producing cone of a fir tree
subtype: galbulus the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree
subtype: pinecone the seed-producing cone of a pine tree
subtype: basidium a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes
subtype: promycelium the basidium of various fungi
subtype: antheridium the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers
subtype: sporangium__spore_case__sporecase__spore_sac__sporesac organ containing or producing spores
subtype: eusporangium a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells
subtype: leptosporangium a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns
subtype: tetrasporangium a sporangium containing four asexual spores
subtype: ascus__ascu saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes
subtype: sporophore a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte
subtype: gametangium cell or organ in which gametes develop
subtype: gametophore a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
subtype: antheridiophore gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts
subtype: sorus__soru cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond
subtype: sorus.reproductive_structure__soru a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi
subtype: fruit the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
subtype: edible_fruit edible reproductive body of a seed plant especially one having sweet flesh
subtype: freestone fruit (especially peach) whose flesh does not adhere to the pit
subtype: cling__clingstone fruit (especially peach) whose flesh adheres strongly to the pit
subtype: windfall fruit that has fallen from the tree
subtype: apple fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
subtype: crab_apple__crabapple small sour apple; suitable for preserving; "crabapples make a tangy jelly"
subtype: eating_apple__dessert_apple__dessertapple an apple used primarily for eating raw without cooking
subtype: Baldwin an American eating apple with red or yellow and red skin
subtype: Cortland large red-skinned apple
subtype: Delicious variety of sweet eating apples
subtype: Golden_Delicious__Yellow_Delicious a sweet eating apple with yellow skin
subtype: Red_Delicious a sweet eating apple with bright red skin; most widely grown apple worldwide
subtype: Empire an eating apple that somewhat resembles a McIntosh; used as both an eating and a cooking apple
subtype: Grimes'_golden yellow apple that ripens in late autumn; eaten raw
subtype: Jonathan red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw
subtype: McIntosh early-ripening apple popular in the northeastern United States; primarily eaten raw but suitable for applesauce
subtype: Macoun similar to McIntosh; juicy and late-ripening
subtype: Northern_Spy large late-ripening apple with skin striped with yellow and red
subtype: Pearmain any of several varieties of red-skinned apple
subtype: Pippin any of numerous superior eating apples with yellow or greenish yellow skin flushed with red
subtype: Cox's_Orange_Pippin a yellow Pippin with distinctive flavor
subtype: Prima used primarily as eating apples
subtype: Stayman apple grown chiefly in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley
subtype: Winesap crisp apple with dark red skin
subtype: Stayman_Winesap crisp tart apple; good for eating raw and suitable for cooking
subtype: cooking_apple__cookingapple an apple used primarily in cooking for pies and applesauce etc
subtype: Bramley's_Seedling very large cooking apple
subtype: Granny_Smith hard and tart; used primarily in cooking
subtype: Lane's_Prince_Albert used primarily in cooking
subtype: Newtown_Wonder used primarily in cooking
subtype: Rome_Beauty large red apple used primarily for baking
subtype: berry any of numerous small edible pulpy fruits either simple (grape; blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry; raspberry)
subtype: European_blueberry__bilberry__whortleberry blue-black berries similar to American blueberries
subtype: huckleberry.berry blue-black berry similar to blueberries and bilberries of the eastern United States
subtype: blueberry sweet edible dark-blue berries of either low-growing or high-growing blueberry plants
subtype: boxberry__wintergreen__checkerberry__teaberry__spiceberry spicy red berrylike fruit; source of wintergreen oil
subtype: cranberry.berry very tart red berry used for sauce or juice
subtype: lowbush_cranberry__lowbushcranberry__lingonberry__mountaincranberry__cowberry tart red berries similar to American cranberries but smaller
subtype: currant any of several tart red or black berries used primarily for jellies and jams
subtype: gooseberry currant-like berry used primarily in jams and jellies
subtype: black_currant__blackcurrant small black berries used in jams and jellies
subtype: red_currant small red berries used primarily in jams and jellies
subtype: blackberry large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus
subtype: boysenberry large raspberry-flavored fruit; cross between blackberries and raspberries
subtype: dewberry blackberry-like fruits of any of several trailing blackberry bushes
subtype: loganberry large red variety of the dewberry
subtype: raspberry red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries
subtype: saskatoon__shadberry__juneberry edible purple or red berries
subtype: strawberry.berry sweet fleshy red fruit
subtype: sugarberry__hackberry small edible dark purple to black berry with large pits; southern United States
subtype: persimmon orange fruit resembling a plum; edible when fully ripe
subtype: surinam_cherry__surinamcherry__acerola__barbados_cherry__West_Indian_cherry acid red or yellow cherry-like fruit of a tropical American shrub very rich in vitamin C
subtype: mulberry sweet usually dark purple blackberry-like fruit of any of several mulberry trees of the genus Morus
subtype: lanseh__lansa__lansat__lanset East Indian tart yellow berrylike fruit
subtype: carambola__star_fruit deeply ridged yellow-brown tropical fruit; used raw as a vegetable or in salad or when fully ripe as a dessert
subtype: ceriman tropical cylindrical fruit resembling a pinecone with pineapple-banana flavor
subtype: carissa_plum__carissaplum__natal_plum__natalplum edible scarlet plum-like fruit of a South African plant
subtype: citrus_fruit__citrus any of numerous fruits of the genus Citrus having thick rind and juicy pulp; grown in warm regions
subtype: orange_fruit__orange round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees
subtype: temple_orange large sweet easily-peeled Florida fruit with deep orange rind
subtype: bitter_orange__Seville_orange__sour_orange highly acidic orange used especially in marmalade
subtype: sweet_orange__sweetorange orange with sweet juicy pulp; often thin-skinned
subtype: Jaffa_orange sweet almost seedless orange of Israel
subtype: navel_orange__navelorange seedless orange enclosing a small secondary fruit at the apex
subtype: Valencia_orange variety of sweet orange cultivated extensively in Florida and California
subtype: mandarin_orange__mandarin a somewhat flat reddish-orange loose-skinned citrus of China
subtype: satsuma medium-sized largely seedless mandarin orange with thin smooth skin
subtype: tangerine any of various deep orange mandarins grown in the United States and southern Africa
subtype: kumquat small oval citrus fruit with thin sweet rind and very acid pulp
subtype: lemon yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh
subtype: lime the green acidic fruit of any of various lime trees
subtype: key_lime__keylime small yellow-green limes of southern Florida
subtype: grapefruit large yellow fruit with somewhat acid juicy pulp; usual serving consists of a half
subtype: pomelo__shaddock large pear-shaped fruit similar to grapefruit but with coarse dry pulp
subtype: citrange more aromatic and acid tasting than oranges; used in beverages and marmalade
subtype: citron large lemonlike fruit with thick aromatic rind; usually preserved
subtype: tangelo__ugli_fruit large sweet juicy hybrid between tangerine and grapefruit having a thick wrinkled skin
subtype: apricot downy yellow to rosy-colored fruit resembling a small peach
subtype: peach downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh
subtype: nectarine smooth-skinned variety or mutation of the peach
subtype: pitahaya highly colored edible fruit of pitahaya cactus having bright red juice; often as large as a peach
subtype: plum any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single pit
subtype: damson__damson_plum sweet dark purple plum
subtype: greengage_plum__greengageplum__greengage sweet green or greenish-yellow variety of plum
subtype: beach_plum__beachplum small dark purple fruit used especially in jams and pies
subtype: sloe small sour dark purple fruit of especially the Allegheny plum bush
subtype: dried_fruit__driedfruit fruit preserved by drying
subtype: dried_apricot__driedapricot apricots preserved by drying
subtype: prune dried plum
subtype: raisin dried grape
subtype: seedless_raisin__sultana dried seedless grape
subtype: seeded_raisin seeded grape that has been dried
subtype: currant.raisin small dried seedless raisin grown in the Mediterranean region and California; used in cooking
subtype: fig fleshy sweet pear-shaped yellowish or purple multiple fruit eaten fresh or preserved or dried
subtype: pineapple__ananas large sweet fleshy tropical fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated
subtype: anchovy_pear__anchovypear__river_pear__riverpear West Indian fruit resembling the mango; often pickled
subtype: banana elongated crescent-shaped yellow fruit with soft sweet flesh
subtype: passion_fruit__passionfruit egg-shaped tropical fruit of certain passionflower vines; used for sherbets and confectionery and drinks
subtype: granadilla the egg-shaped edible fruit of tropical American vines related to passionflowers
subtype: sweet_calabash__sweetcalabash apple-sized passion fruit of the West Indies
subtype: bell_apple__sweet_cup__sweetcup__water_lemon__waterlemon__yellow_granadilla the edible yellow fruit of the Jamaica honeysuckle
subtype: breadfruit round seedless or seeded fruit with a bread-like texture; eaten boiled or baked or roasted or ground into flour; roasted seeds resemble chestnuts; of Pacific Islands
subtype: jackfruit__jak__jack immense East Indian fruit resembling breadfruit of; its seeds are commonly roasted
subtype: canistel__eggfruit ovoid orange-yellow mealy sweet fruit of Florida and West Indies
subtype: melon any of numerous fruits of the gourd family having a hard rind and sweet juicy flesh
subtype: melon_ball__melonball a bite of melon cut as a sphere
subtype: muskmelon__sweetmelon the fruit of a muskmelon vine; any of several sweet melons related to cucumbers
subtype: cantaloup__cantaloupe the fruit of a cantaloup vine; small to medium-sized melon with yellowish flesh
subtype: winter_melon the fruit of the winter melon vine; a green melon with pale green to orange flesh that keeps well
subtype: honeydew_melon__honeydew the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large smooth-skinned greenish-white melon with pale green flesh
subtype: Persian_melon the fruit of a variety of winter melon vine; a large green melon with orange flesh
subtype: casaba_melon__casaba melon having yellowish rind and whitish flesh
subtype: net_melon__netmelon__netted_melon__nutmeg_melon the fruit of a variety of muskmelon vine; a melon with netlike markings and deep green flesh
subtype: watermelon large oblong or roundish melon with a hard green rind and sweet watery red or occasionally yellowish pulp
subtype: cherry fruit with a single hard stone
subtype: black_cherry__blackcherry__sweetcherry any of several fruits of cultivated cherry trees that have sweet flesh
subtype: bing_cherry dark red or blackish sweet cherry
subtype: heart_cherry__heartcherry__oxheart_cherry__oxheartcherry large heart-shaped sweet cherry with soft flesh
subtype: blackheart_cherry__blackheart heart cherry with dark flesh and skin cherry
subtype: capulin__Mexican_black_cherry Mexican black cherry
subtype: sour_cherry acid cherries used for pies and preserves
subtype: amarelle pale red sour cherry with colorless or nearly colorless juice
subtype: morello cultivated sour cherry with dark-colored skin and juice
subtype: cocoa_plum__cocoaplum__coco_plum__icaco plum-shaped whitish to almost black fruit used for preserves; tropical American
subtype: grape any of various juicy purple- or green-skinned fruit of the genus Vitis; grow in clusters
subtype: slip-skin_grape__fox_grape__foxgrape purplish-black wild grape of the eastern United States with tough skins that slip easily from the flesh; cultivated in many varieties
subtype: Concord_grape slip-skin purple table grape of the northeastern United States
subtype: Catawba.slip-skin_grape__catawba slip-skin reddish American table grape
subtype: bullace_grape__bullacegrape__muscadine dull-purple grape of southern United States
subtype: scuppernong amber-green muscadine grape of southeastern United States
subtype: vinifera_grape grape from a cultivated variety of the common grape vine of Europe
subtype: emperor red table grape of California
subtype: muscat_grape__muscat__muscatel sweet aromatic grape used for raisins and wine
subtype: ribier dark reddish-purple table grape of California
subtype: sultana pale yellow seedless grape used for raisins and wine
subtype: Tokay variety of wine grape originally grown in Hungary; the prototype of vinifera grapes
subtype: flame_tokay__flametokay purplish-red table grape
subtype: Thompson_Seedless seedless green table grape of California
subtype: custard_apple__custardapple the fruit of any of several tropical American trees of the genus Annona having soft edible pulp
subtype: cherimoya__cherimolla large tropical fruit with leathery skin and soft pulp; related to custard apples
subtype: soursop large spiny tropical fruit with tart pulp related to custard apples
subtype: bullock's_heart__Jamaica_apple large heart-shaped tropical fruit with soft acid pulp
subtype: sweetsop__anon__sugar_apple__sugarapple sweet pulpy tropical fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
subtype: ilama whitish tropical fruit with a pinkish tinge related to custard apples; grown in the southern United States
subtype: pond_apple ovoid yellow fruit with very fragrant peach-colored flesh; related to custard apples
subtype: papaw__pawpaw fruit with yellow flesh; related to custard apples
subtype: papaya large oval melon-like tropical fruit with yellowish flesh
subtype: kai_apple__kaiapple S African fruit smelling and tasting like apricots; used for pickles and preserves
subtype: ketembilla__kitembilla__kitambilla maroon-purple gooseberry-like fruit of India having tart-sweet purple pulp used especially for preserves
subtype: ackee__akee red pear-shaped tropical fruit with poisonous seeds; flesh is poisonous when unripe or overripe
subtype: durian huge fruit native to southeastern Asia `smelling like Hell and tasting like Heaven'; seeds are roasted and eaten like nuts
subtype: feijoa__pineapple_guava__pineappleguava dark-green kiwi-sized tropical fruit with white flesh; used chiefly for jellies and preserves
subtype: genip__Spanish_lime round one-inch Caribbean fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp; eaten like grapes
subtype: genipap__genipap_fruit__genipapfruit a succulent orange-sized tropical fruit with a thick rind
subtype: kiwi_fruit__kiwi__Chinese_gooseberry fuzzy brown egg-shaped fruit with slightly tart green flesh
subtype: loquat__Japanese_plum yellow olive-sized semitropical fruit with a large free stone and relatively little flesh; used for jellies
subtype: mangosteen two- to three-inch tropical fruit with juicy flesh suggestive of both peaches and pineapples
subtype: mango large oval smooth-skinned tropical fruit with juicy aromatic pulp and a large hairy seed
subtype: sapodilla_plum__sapodillaplum__sapodilla__sapota tropical fruit with a rough brownish skin and very sweet brownish pulp
subtype: sapote__mammee__marmalade_plum__marmaladeplum brown oval fruit flesh makes excellent sherbet
subtype: tamarind__tamarindo large tropical seed pod with very tangy pulp that is eaten fresh or cooked with rice and fish or preserved for curries and chutneys
subtype: alligator_pear__alligatorpear__avocado__avocado_pear__avocadopear pear-shaped tropical fruit with green or blackish skin and rich yellowish pulp enclosing a single large seed
subtype: date.edible_fruit sweet edible fruit of the date palm with a single long woody seed
subtype: elderberry berrylike fruit of an elder used for e.g. wines and jellies
subtype: guava tropical fruit having yellow skin and pink pulp; eaten fresh or used for e.g. jellies
subtype: mombin purplish tropical fruit
subtype: hog_plum__hogplum__yellow_mombin yellow oval tropical fruit
subtype: wild_plum__hog_plum__hogplum wild plum of southern United States
subtype: jaboticaba tough-skinned purple grape-like tropical fruit grown in Brazil
subtype: Chinese_jujube__jujube__Chinese_date dark red plum-like fruit of Old World buckthorn trees
subtype: litchi_nut__litchi__litchee__lichi__leechee__lichee__lychee Chinese fruit having a thin brittle shell enclosing a sweet jellylike pulp and a single seed; often dried
subtype: longanberry__dragon'seye Asian fruit similar to litchi
subtype: mamey__mammee_apple globular or ovoid tropical fruit with thick russet leathery rind and juicy yellow or reddish flesh
subtype: marang tropical fruit from the Philippines having a mass of small seeds embedded in sweetish white pulp
subtype: medlar crabapple-like fruit used for preserves
subtype: medlar.edible_fruit South African globular fruit with brown leathery skin and sweet-acid pithy flesh
subtype: pear sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties
subtype: bosc greenish-yellow pear
subtype: anjou green-skinned pear with firm flesh
subtype: bartlett_pear__bartlett juicy yellow pear
subtype: seckel_pear__seckel small yellowish- to reddish-brown pear
subtype: plumcot hybrid between plum and apricot
subtype: pomegranate large globular fruit having many seeds with juicy red pulp in a tough brownish-red rind
subtype: prickly_pear__pricklypear round or pear-shaped spiny fruit of any of various prickly pear cacti
subtype: garambulla small berrylike fruit
subtype: blade_apple__bladeapple__Barbados_gooseberry small yellow to orange fruit of the Barbados gooseberry cactus used in desserts and preserves and jellies
subtype: quandang__quandong__quantong__native_peach red Australian fruit; used for dessert or in jam
subtype: quince aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves
subtype: rambutan__rambotan pleasantly acid bright red oval Malayan fruit covered with soft spines
subtype: pulasan__pulassan fruit of an East Indian tree similar to the rambutan but sweeter
subtype: rose_apple fragrant oval yellowish tropical fruit used in jellies and confections
subtype: sorb__sorb_apple acid gritty-textured fruit
subtype: sour_gourd acid-tasting Australian gourd-like fruit with a woody rind and large seeds
subtype: monkey_bread__sour_gourd African gourd-like fruit with edible pulp
subtype: juniper_berry__juniperberry berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper
subtype: May_apple edible but insipid fruit of the May apple plant
subtype: achene small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall
subtype: samara__key_fruit__keyfruit a winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple
subtype: gourd any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds
subtype: calabash round gourd of the calabash tree
subtype: prairie_gourd__prairiegourd small hard green-and-white inedible fruit of the prairie gourd plant
subtype: quandong__blue_fig the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree
subtype: acorn fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base
subtype: olive.fruit small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil
subtype: wild_cherry the fruit of the wild cherry tree
subtype: marasca small bitter fruit of the marasca cherry tree from whose juice maraschino liqueur is made
subtype: hagberry small cherry much liked by birds
subtype: chokecherry the fruit of the chokecherry tree
subtype: rowanberry decorative red berrylike fruit of a rowan tree
subtype: buffalo_nut__elk_nut__elknut__oil_nut__oilnut oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
subtype: ear.fruit__capitulum fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
subtype: mealie (South African) an ear of corn
subtype: fruitlet a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit
subtype: seed a small hard fruit
subtype: edible_seed many are used as seasoning
subtype: pumpkin_seed__pumpkinseed the edible seed of a pumpkin
subtype: betel_nut__betelnut__areca_nut__arecanut seed of betel palm; chewed with leaves of the betel pepper and lime as a digestive stimulant and narcotic in southeastern Asia
subtype: water_chinquapin__waterchinquapin edible nutlike seeds of an American lotus having the flavor of a chinquapin
subtype: dika_nut edible oil-rich seed of wild mango
subtype: sunflower_seed__sunflowerseed edible seed of sunflowers; used as food and poultry feed and as a source of oil
subtype: cumin_seed__cuminseed__cumin aromatic seeds of the cumin herb of the carrot family
subtype: coffee_bean__coffee_berry__coffee a seed of the coffee tree; ground to make coffee
subtype: bonduc_nut__nicker_nut__nicker_seed hard shiny gray seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry
subtype: Job's_tears hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads
subtype: oilseed any of several seeds that yield oil
subtype: castor_bean seed of castor-oil plant; source of castor oil
subtype: cottonseed seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil
subtype: candlenut seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes
subtype: rapeseed seed of rape plants; source of an edible oil
subtype: linseed__flaxseed the seed of flax used as a source of oil
subtype: safflower_seed__safflowerseed seed of the safflower
subtype: caryopsis__caryopsi__grain dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn
subtype: amaranth.caryopsis seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America
subtype: barleycorn a grain of barley
subtype: wheat_berry a grain of wheat
subtype: kernel a single whole grain of a cereal: "a kernel of corn"
subtype: corn the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
subtype: rye the seed of the cereal grass
subtype: ash-key__ashkey winged seed of the ash tree
subtype: coquilla_nut nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory
subtype: babassu_nut hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm
subtype: cohune_nut nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts
subtype: ivory_nut__ivorynut__vegetable_ivory__vegetableivory__apple_nut nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons
subtype: neem_seed seed of neem trees; source of pesticides and fertilizer and medicinal products
subtype: buckeye__horse_chestnut__horsechestnut__conker the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
subtype: Mexican_jumping_bean__jumping_bean__jumpingbean__jumping_seed__jumpingseed seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble
subtype: bean any of various seeds or fruits suggestive of beans
subtype: tonka_bean__tonkabean__coumara_nut fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla
subtype: algarroba__algarrobilla__algarobilla mesquite pod used in tanning and dying
subtype: calabar_bean__calabarbean__ordeal_bean dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft
subtype: divi-divi twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin
subtype: nut usually large hard-shelled seed
subtype: edible_nut a hard-shelled seed consisting of an edible kernel or meat enclosed in a woody or leathery shell
subtype: bunya_bunya__bunyabunya nut tasting like roasted chestnuts; a staple food of Australian aborigines
subtype: goober__peanut__earthnut__goober_pea__groundnut__monkey_nut pod of the peanut vine containing usually 2 nuts or seeds; `groundnut' and `monkey nut' are British terms
subtype: almond oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree
subtype: Jordan_almond an almond covered with a sugar coating that is hard and flavored and colored
subtype: quandong_nut edible nutlike seed of the quandong fruit
subtype: beechnut small sweet triangular nut of any of various beech trees
subtype: walnut nut of any of various walnut trees having a wrinkled two-lobed seed with a hard shell
subtype: black_walnut__blackwalnut American walnut having a very hard and thick woody shell
subtype: English_walnut nut with a wrinkled two-lobed seed and hard but relatively thin shell; widely used in cooking
subtype: brazil__brazil_nut three-sided tropical American nut with white oily meat and hard brown shell
subtype: butternut oily egg-shaped nut of an American tree of the walnut family
subtype: souari_nut a large nutlike seed of a South American tree
subtype: cashew_nut__cashew kidney-shaped nut edible only when roasted
subtype: chestnut.edible_nut edible nut of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
subtype: chincapin__chinkapin__chinquapin small nut of either of two small chestnut trees of the southern United States; resembles a hazelnut
subtype: hazelnut__filbert__cobnut__cob nut of any of several trees of the genus Corylus
subtype: coconut__cocoanut large hard-shelled oval nut with a fibrous husk containing thick white meat surrounding a central cavity filled (when fresh) with fluid or milk
subtype: grugru_nut nut of Brazilian or West Indian palms
subtype: hickory_nut__hickorynut small hard-shelled nut of North American hickory trees especially the shagbark hickories
subtype: macadamia_nut__macadamianut nutlike seed with sweet and crisp white meat
subtype: pecan smooth brown oval nut of south central United States
subtype: pine_nut__pignolia__pinon_nut__pinonnut edible seed of any of several nut pines especially some pinons of southwestern North America
subtype: pistachio_nut__pistachionut__pistachio nut of Mediterranean trees having an edible green kernel
subtype: cembra_nut__cedar_nut the seed of the Swiss pine
subtype: kola_nut__cola_nut bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract
subtype: mast.nut nuts of forest trees (as beechnuts and acorns) accumulated on the ground; used especially as food for swine
subtype: palm_nut__palm_kernel see o any oil palm
subtype: nutlet a small nut
subtype: berry.fruit a pulpy and usually edible small fruit having any of various structures: e.g. strawberry or raspberry or blueberry
subtype: cranberry.berry very tart red berry used for sauce or juice
subtype: baneberry a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea
subtype: simple_fruit__bacca an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
subtype: aggregate_fruit__aggregatefruit__multiple_fruit__syncarp fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
subtype: syconium the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets
subtype: drupe__stone_fruit__stonefruit fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
subtype: almond oval-shaped edible seed of the almond tree
subtype: peach downy juicy fruit with sweet yellowish or whitish flesh
subtype: plum any of numerous varieties of small to medium-sized round or oval smooth-skinned fruit with a single pit
subtype: cherry fruit with a single hard stone
subtype: elderberry berrylike fruit of an elder used for e.g. wines and jellies
subtype: Chinese_jujube__jujube__Chinese_date dark red plum-like fruit of Old World buckthorn trees
subtype: olive.relish one-seeded fruit of the European olive tree usually pickled and used as a relish
subtype: black_olive__ripe_olive olives picked ripe and cured in brine then dried or pickled or preserved canned or in oil
subtype: green_olive olives picked green and pickled in brine; infrequently stuffed with e.g. pimento
subtype: drupelet a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe
subtype: blackberry large sweet black or very dark purple edible aggregate fruit of any of various bushes of the genus Rubus
subtype: raspberry red or black edible aggregate berries usually smaller than the related blackberries
subtype: acinus.drupelet__acinu one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry
subtype: pome__false_fruit__falsefruit a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
subtype: apple fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
subtype: pear sweet juicy gritty-textured fruit available in many varieties
subtype: quince aromatic acid-tasting pear-shaped fruit used in preserves
subtype: seedpod__pod a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
subtype: legume.seedpod the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a two-valved case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attached to one edge of the valves
subtype: garbanzo__chickpea the seed of the chickpea plant
subtype: lentil.legume the fruit or seed of a lentil plant
subtype: pea.legume the fruit or seed of a pea plant
subtype: garden_pea the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
subtype: field_pea.legume__fieldpea seed of the field pea plant
subtype: cowpea__black-eyed_pea fruit or seed of the cowpea plant
subtype: peanut underground pod of of the peanut vine
subtype: screw_bean__screwbean spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed
subtype: okra long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant
subtype: cowage pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey
subtype: loment pods constricted between seeds and breaking apart when ripe into one-seed segments
subtype: pyxidium__pyxis__pyxi fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released
subtype: accessory_fruit__accessoryfruit__pseudocarp fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry
subtype: buckthorn_berry__buckthornberry__yellow_berry fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
subtype: cubeb spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes
subtype: septum.plant_organ a partition or wall especially in an ovary
subtype: nectary__honey_gland__honeygland a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar
subtype: archegonium a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
subtype: mescal_button__sacred_mushroom the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus
subtype: cup.plant_organ cup-shaped plant organ
subtype: acorn_cup__acorncup__cupule cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn
subtype: hypobasidium special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
subtype: gill.plant_organ__lamella any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
subtype: fruiting_body an organ specialized for producing spores
subtype: ascocarp mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus
subtype: ascoma an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle
subtype: apothecium a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi
subtype: elf_cup__elfcup apothecium of a fungus of the family Pezizaceae
subtype: cleistothecium__cleistocarp closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration
subtype: perithecium flask-shaped ascocarp
subtype: acervulus__acervulu small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
subtype: basidiocarp the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
subtype: aecium fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores
subtype: root the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
subtype: calamus the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
subtype: taro__cocoyam__eddo edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
subtype: ginseng aromatic root of ginseng plants
subtype: horseradish_root__horseradishroot__horseradish the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning
subtype: radish.root pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants
subtype: chicory__chicoryroot the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
subtype: oyster_plant__salsify edible root of the salsify plant
subtype: Hottentot_bread__Hottentot's_bread thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot
subtype: briarroot hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
subtype: orrisroot__orris__orri fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines
subtype: sarsaparilla_root dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent
subtype: licorice_root root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines
subtype: senega dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin
subtype: mandrake_root__mandrake the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic
subtype: cassava cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
subtype: carrot.root deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
subtype: parsnip.root the whitish root of cultivated parsnip
subtype: taproot main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
subtype: adventitious_root root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
subtype: rootlet small root or division of a root
subtype: prop_root a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves
subtype: root_cap thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
subtype: root_hair thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
subtype: stolon__runner__offset a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
subtype: stalk__stem a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
subtype: filament.stalk the stalk of a stamen
subtype: funicle__funiculus__funiculu the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
subtype: cane.stalk a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
subtype: sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice
subtype: rattan_cane__rattan the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes
subtype: malacca stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles
subtype: sporangiophore stalk bearing one or more sporangia
subtype: cutting.stalk__slip a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
subtype: quickset cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines: "a quickset of a vine planted in a vineyard"
subtype: tuber a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage
subtype: water_chestnut__waterchestnut edible bulbous tuber of a Chinese marsh plant
subtype: potato_bean__groundnut__wild_bean nutlike tuber; important food of Native Americans
subtype: Jerusalem_artichoke edible tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke
subtype: yam.tuber edible tuber of any of several yams
subtype: sweet_potato.tuber__sweetpotato the fleshy root of the sweet potato vine
subtype: rhizome__rootstock a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: axis.stalk the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
subtype: rachis axis of a compound leaf or compound inflorescence
subtype: spadix the fleshy axis of a spike often surrounded by a spathe
subtype: caudex woody stem of palms and tree ferns
subtype: beanstalk stem of a bean plant
subtype: cladode__cladophyll__phylloclad__phylloclade a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
subtype: stock.stalk__caudex persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
subtype: stipe supporting stalk or stemlike structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap
subtype: scape__flowerstalk erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
subtype: peduncle.scape stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
subtype: pedicel__pedicle a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle
subtype: ray.pedicel a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence
subtype: petiole__leafstalk the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
subtype: phyllode an expanded petiole taking on the function of a leaf blade
subtype: bulb a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: onion.bulb edible bulb of an onion plant
subtype: shallot.bulb aggregated bulb of the multiplier onion
subtype: squill bulb of the sea squill, which is sliced, dried, and used as an expectorant
subtype: bulbil__bulblet small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
subtype: corm solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
subtype: branch a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
subtype: tree_branch__limb any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
subtype: stick.tree_branch a small thin branch of a tree
subtype: bough any of the larger branches of a tree
subtype: branchlet__twig__sprig small branch or division of a branch; usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
subtype: brier a thorny stem or twig
subtype: withy__withe strong flexible twig
subtype: osier.withy flexible twig of a willow tree
subtype: culm stem of plants of the Gramineae
subtype: haulm__halm stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
subtype: tree_trunk__trunk__bole the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
subtype: capitulum__head a dense clusters of flowers or foliage: "a head of cauliflower"; "a head of lettuce"
subtype: leafage__leaf__foliage the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
subtype: cotyledon__seed_leaf embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants
subtype: floral_leaf a modified leaf that is part of a flower
subtype: flower_petal__petal part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored
subtype: corolla the petals of a flower collectively forming an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth
subtype: sepal one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower
subtype: calyx the sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing a developing bud; usually green
subtype: hull.calyx persistent enlarged calyx at base of e.g. a strawberry or raspberry
subtype: pappus calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions
subtype: thistledown pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seedlike fruit of a thistle
subtype: dandelion_green.leafage__dandeliongreen the foliage of the dandelion plant
subtype: sporophyll__sporophyl leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia
subtype: leaf_blade__blade especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
subtype: amplexicaul_leaf__amplexicaulleaf a leaf with its base clasping the stem
subtype: greenery__verdure green foliage
subtype: leaflet part of a compound leaf
subtype: pinna__pinnule division of a usually pinnately divided leaf
subtype: frond compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad
subtype: lily_pad floating leaves of a water lily
subtype: scale_leaf__scaleleaf__scale a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
subtype: squamule a minute scale (on a plant or fungus)
subtype: fig_leaf.leafage__figleaf a leaf from a fig tree
subtype: simple_leaf not divided into parts
subtype: acerate_leaf__acerateleaf__needle as of a conifer
subtype: acuminate_leaf__acuminateleaf narrowing to a slender point
subtype: cordate_leaf__cordateleaf a heart-shaped leaf
subtype: cuneate_leaf__cuneateleaf a wedge-shaped leaf having the acute angle at the base
subtype: deltoid_leaf__deltoidleaf shaped like a capital delta
subtype: elliptic_leaf shaped like an ellipse
subtype: ensiform_leaf a sword-shaped leaf; as of iris
subtype: hastate_leaf__hastateleaf shaped like a spearhead with flaring pointed lobes at the base
subtype: lanceolate_leaf shaped like a lance head; tapering to a point at each end
subtype: linear_leaf__elongate_leaf a long slender leaf
subtype: lyrate_leaf having curvature suggestive of a lyre
subtype: obtuse_leaf having a rounded or blunt tip
subtype: oblanceolate_leaf having a rounded apex and tapering base
subtype: oblong_leaf rounded at each end with parallel sides
subtype: obovate_leaf__obovateleaf egg-shaped with the narrower end at the base
subtype: ovate_leaf__ovateleaf egg-shaped with the broader end at the base
subtype: orbiculate_leaf circular or nearly circular
subtype: pandurate_leaf__pandurateleaf__panduriform_leaf__panduriformleaf fiddle-shaped
subtype: peltate_leaf__peltateleaf shield-shaped; as a nasturtium leaf
subtype: perfoliate_leaf a leaf with the base united around--and apparently pierced by--the stem
subtype: reniform_leaf kidney-shaped
subtype: sagittate-leaf__sagittateleaf__sagittiform_leaf__sagittiformleaf shaped like an arrow head
subtype: spatulate_leaf__spatulateleaf spatula-shaped; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base
subtype: compound_leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk
subtype: trifoliolate_leaf having three leaflets
subtype: quinquefoliate_leaf having five leaflets
subtype: palmate_leaf__palmateleaf a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point
subtype: pedate_leaf having the radiating lobes each deeply cleft or divided
subtype: pinnate_leaf__pinnateleaf a leaf resembling a feather; having the leaflets on each side of a common axis
subtype: bijugate_leaf__bijugous_leaf a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets
subtype: bipinnate_leaf__bipinnateleaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns
subtype: even-pinnate_leaf__abruptly-pinnate_leaf pinnate with a pair of leaflets at the apex
subtype: odd-pinnate_leaf__oddpinnateleaf pinnate with a single leaflet at the apex
subtype: decompound_leaf having divisions that are themselves compound
subtype: entire_leaf a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
subtype: crenate_leaf__crenateleaf a leaf having a scalloped margin
subtype: serrate_leaf__serrateleaf a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex
subtype: dentate_leaf__dentateleaf a leaf having a toothed margin
subtype: denticulate_leaf__denticulateleaf a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate
subtype: emarginate_leaf a leaf having a notch at the apex
subtype: erose_leaf__eroseleaf a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed
subtype: runcinate_leaf__runcinateleaf a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf
subtype: lobed_leaf__lobedleaf a leaf having deeply indented margins
subtype: parted_leaf a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes
subtype: rosette.leafage a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)
subtype: sprout.plant_organ any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
subtype: shoot.sprout a new branch
subtype: sucker.shoot a shoot arising from a plant's roots
subtype: tiller.shoot a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass
subtype: bud.sprout a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
subtype: leaf_bud a bud from which leaves but not flowers develop
subtype: flower_bud a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop
subtype: clove.flower_bud aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice
subtype: mixed_bud__mixedbud a bud yielding both leaves and flowers
subtype: aril fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelopes the seed
subtype: duct.plant_part a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
subtype: universal_veil__universalveil__velum membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
subtype: partial_veil__partialveil__velum membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
subtype: cortina a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils
subtype: annulus__annulu (fungi) remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the lower part of the stem
subtype: tendril slender stemlike structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support
subtype: cirrhus__cirrhu__cirrus usually coiled
subtype: tree_stump__stump the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
subtype: stock.plant_part a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
subtype: rootstock root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots
subtype: receptacle.plant_part enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
subtype: kernel.plant_part__meat the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone: "black walnut kernels are difficult to get out of the shell"
3 statements are about indirect instances of natural_object: graph1_on_body_covering, graph1_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info, graph1_on_daniel.goodburn@dsto.defence.gov.au click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
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