#mineral solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
supertype: #material.substance__stuff the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
substance of: #rock
subtype: #ader_wax__earth_wax__earthwax__mineral_wax__mineralwax__ozokerite__ozocerite a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles
subtype: #amblygonite a white or gray mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium
subtype: #amphibole a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group
subtype: #nephrite an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
subtype: #actinolite a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate
subtype: #anthophyllite a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate
subtype: #asbestos a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer
subtype: #chrysotile a gray or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos
subtype: #tremolite a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos
subtype: #hornblende a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron
subtype: #amphibole_group a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum
subtype: #apatite a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
subtype: #fluorapatite a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
subtype: #aragonite a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
subtype: #argentite a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
subtype: #argyrodite a rare steel-gray mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
subtype: #arsenopyrite__mispickel a silver-white or gray ore of arsenic
subtype: #mineral_pitch__mineralpitch__asphalt a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
subtype: #augite dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
subtype: #baddeleyite a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
subtype: #zirconium__Zr__atomic_number_40 a lustrous gray strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon
subtype: #bastnasite__bastnaesite a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
subtype: #bauxite a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
subtype: #beryl the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
subtype: #aquamarine a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color
subtype: #emerald.beryl a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
subtype: #morganite a kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone
subtype: #borax an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
subtype: #bornite__peacock_ore__peacockore a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
subtype: #carnallite a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
subtype: #cassiterite a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
subtype: #celestite a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
subtype: #cerussite__whiteleadore a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
subtype: #chalcocite__copper_glance a heavy gray mineral that is an ore of copper
subtype: #chalcopyrite__copper_pyrites a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper-iron sulfide
subtype: #chromite a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
subtype: #chrysoberyl a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
subtype: #alexandrite a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone
subtype: #cinnabar a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
subtype: #cobaltite a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
subtype: #halite__rock_salt naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
subtype: #cordierite a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
subtype: #water_sapphire__watersapphire a deep blue cordierite often used as a gemstone
subtype: #corundom__corundum very hard mineral used as an abrasive
subtype: #alumina__aluminumoxide__aluminiumoxide any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum
subtype: #alundum a substance made of fused alumina
subtype: #ruby.corundom a transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers
subtype: #sapphire.corundom a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone
subtype: #star_sapphire a sapphire that when cut shows a star-like figure in reflected light because of its crystalline structure
subtype: #cristobalite a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
subtype: #cryolite__Greenland_spar a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
subtype: #cuprite a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
subtype: #dolomite a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
subtype: #earth_color a colored mineral used as a pigment
subtype: #sienna an earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment
subtype: #burnt_sienna__burntsienna a reddish-brown pigment produced by roasting sienna
subtype: #raw_sienna__rawsienna a yellowish-brown pigment made from untreated sienna
subtype: #ochre__ocher any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment
subtype: #sinopis__sinopi__sinopia__sinoper a red ocher formerly used as a pigment
subtype: #yellow_ocher__yellow_ochre pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica
subtype: #umber an earth pigment
subtype: #raw_umber greenish brown pigment
subtype: #burnt_umber dark brown pigment obtained by heating umber
subtype: #emery a hard gary-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
subtype: #fergusonite a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
subtype: #fluorite__fluorspar__fluor a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
subtype: #gadolinite__ytterbite a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
subtype: #galena soft blue-gray mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
subtype: #garnet any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
subtype: #almandite__almandine a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
subtype: #andradite a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone
subtype: #demantoid a green andradite used as a gemstone
subtype: #carbuncle.garnet deep-red cabochon-cut garnet cut without facets
subtype: #cinnamon_stone__essonite__hessonite a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown
subtype: #pyrope a deep red garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: #rhodolite a red or pink variety of garnet used as a gemstone
subtype: #garnierite a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
subtype: #germanite a rare reddish-gray mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
subtype: #gibbsite white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
subtype: #glauconite a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
subtype: #greenockite__cadmium_sulphide__cadmiumsulphide ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
subtype: #gypsum a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
subtype: #alabaster a compact fine-textured usually white gypsum used for carving
subtype: #terra_alba__terraalba finely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment
subtype: #hausmannite a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
subtype: #heavy_spar__heavyspar__barite__barytes__baryte__barium_sulphate a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
subtype: #hemimorphite__calamine a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
subtype: #ilmenite a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
subtype: #jadeite a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
subtype: #kainite a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
subtype: #kaolinite a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
subtype: #kernite a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
subtype: #kieserite a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
subtype: #kyanite__cyanite a gray or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
subtype: #langbeinite a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
subtype: #lechartelierite a mineral form of vitreous or glassy silica; formed by the melting of quartz sand (as by lightning or a meteorite)
subtype: #magnesite a black magnetic mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
subtype: #malachite a green mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
subtype: #maltha__mineral_tar__mineraltar a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
subtype: #manganite a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
subtype: #sepiolite__meerschaum a white clayey mineral
subtype: #mica__isinglass__isinglas any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
subtype: #biotite dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
subtype: #lepidomelane a mica that is a biotite containing iron
subtype: #lepidolite a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
subtype: #muscovite a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
subtype: #damourite a variety of muscovite
subtype: #paragonite a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium
subtype: #phlogopite a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum
subtype: #zinnwaldite a mica containing iron and lithium
subtype: #millerite a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
subtype: #molybdenite a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
subtype: #monazite a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
subtype: #niobite a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
subtype: #nitrocalcite the mineral form of calcium nitrate
subtype: #olivine a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
subtype: #chrysolite a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone
subtype: #peridot a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone
subtype: #olivenite rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits
subtype: #opal a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
subtype: #black_opal__blackopal a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red
subtype: #fire_opal__girasol an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors
subtype: #harlequin_opal__harlequinopal a reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color
subtype: #ore a metal-bearing mineral valuable enough to be mined
subtype: #dressed_ore__concentrate the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore
subtype: #iron_ore an ore from which iron can be extracted
subtype: #goethite__gothite a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
subtype: #chamosite a greenish gray or black silicate of iron and aluminum
subtype: #taconite a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore
subtype: #hematite__haematite the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form
subtype: #lepidocrocite a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide (FeO(HO)); often found in iron ores together with goethite
subtype: #limonite a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite
subtype: #magnetite__magnetic_iron-ore an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets
subtype: #lodestone__loadstone magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically
subtype: #chalybite__siderite iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate
subtype: #lead_ore ore containing lead
subtype: #pay_dirt.ore__paydirt ore that yields a substantial profit to the miner
subtype: #uranium_ore__uraniumore any ore from which uranium can be extracted
subtype: #carnotite a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
subtype: #uraninite a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore
subtype: #orpiment a yellow mineral occuring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic
subtype: #pentlandite a mineral (iron-nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel
subtype: #periclase__magnesia__magnesium_oxide__magnesiumoxide a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium
subtype: #pinite grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates
subtype: #pollucite a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium
subtype: #cesium__caesium__Cs__atomic_number_55 a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal
subtype: #cesium_137 a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy
subtype: #psilomelane a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese
subtype: #iron_pyrite__pyrite__fool's_gold a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color
subtype: #pyrolusite a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese
subtype: #pyromorphite__green_lead_ore a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead
subtype: #pyrophyllite a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)
subtype: #pyroxene any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
subtype: #pyrrhotite__pyrrhotine__magnetic_pyrites a brownish iron sulfide mineral FeS having weak magnetic properties
subtype: #quartz a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities
subtype: #rock_crystal__transparent_quartz__transparentquartz a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment
subtype: #rhinestone an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste
subtype: #cairngorm__smoky_quartz__smokyquartz a smoky yellow or brown quartz
subtype: #amethyst a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone
subtype: #chalcedony__calcedony a milky or grayish translucent to transparent quartz
subtype: #agate an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles
subtype: #moss_agate an agate with brown, black, or green moss-like markings
subtype: #bloodstone__heliotrope green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood
subtype: #carnelian__cornelian a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony
subtype: #chrysoprase a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone
subtype: #onyx a chalcedony with alternating black and white bands; used in making cameos
subtype: #sardonyx an onyx characterized by parallel layers of sard and a different colored mineral
subtype: #plasma.chalcedony a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
subtype: #sard__sardine__sardiu a deep orange-red variety of chalcedony
subtype: #citrine semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz
subtype: #rose_quartz a translucent rose-red variety of quartz used for ornaments
subtype: #sunstone__aventurine a translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals
subtype: #goldstone aventurine spangled densely with fine gold-colored particles
subtype: #common_topaz__topaz__false_topaz__falsetopaz a yellow quartz
subtype: #realgar a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic
subtype: #red_clay__redclay clay whose redness results from iron oxide
subtype: #rhodochrosite a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese
subtype: #rhodonite a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone
subtype: #rutile a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium
subtype: #samarskite a complex black mineral occuring in pegmatites
subtype: #sapphirine a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum-magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks
subtype: #scheelite a mineral used as an ore of tungsten
subtype: #smaltite a gray mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel
subtype: #sodalite a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks
subtype: #spar.mineral any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable
subtype: #feldspar__felspar any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium
subtype: #orthoclase a white or colored monoclinic feldspar
subtype: #plagioclase any of a rock-forming series of triclinic feldspars
subtype: #albite__white_feldspar__whitefeldspar a widely distributed rock-forming feldspar
subtype: #anorthite rare plagioclastic feldspar occurring in many igneous rocks
subtype: #moonstone a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar
subtype: #calcite a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone
subtype: #oriental_alabaster__alabaster__onyx_marble__Mexican_onyx a hard compact kind of calcite
subtype: #chalk.calcite a soft whitish calcite
subtype: #Iceland_spar a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes
subtype: #spinel a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones
subtype: #spinel_ruby__ruby_spinel a spinel used as a gemstone (usually dark red)
subtype: #almandine a purple variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: #balas_ruby__balasruby__balas__bala a pale rose-colored variety of the ruby spinel
subtype: #rubicelle a yellow or orange variety of ruby spinel
subtype: #Ceylonite__pleonaste a dark-colored spinel containing iron
subtype: #spodumene a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
subtype: #kunzite a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone
subtype: #hiddenite a green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone
subtype: #stannite__tin_pyrites a dark gray mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin
subtype: #stibnite a soft gray mineral; the chief ore of antimony
subtype: #strontianite a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate
subtype: #sylvanite__graphic_tellurium__graphictellurium a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America
subtype: #sylvite a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds
subtype: #talc__talcum a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder
subtype: #soapstone__soaprock__steatite a soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments
subtype: #French_chalk a soft white compact talc used to mark cloth or to remove grease stains
subtype: #rensselaerite a kind of soft talc; sometimes used as wood filler
subtype: #tantalite a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum
subtype: #thorite a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite
subtype: #thortveitite a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium
subtype: #topaz a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
subtype: #tourmaline a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
subtype: #tridymite a mineral form of silica
subtype: #turquoise a blue to gray green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone
subtype: #vanadinite a mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium
subtype: #vesuvianite__vesuvian__idocrase a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone
subtype: #wolframite__iron_manganese_tungsten a mineral consisting of iron-manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks
subtype: #wollastonite a white or grayish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium
subtype: #wulfenite a yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore
subtype: #xenotime a brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form
subtype: #zinc_blende__blende__sphalerite an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form
subtype: #zinkenite a steel gray metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony)
subtype: #zircon__zirconium_silicate__zirconiumsilicate a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent
subtype: #jacinth__hyacinth a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
subtype: #jargoon a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon
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