#kingdom_Protoctista__Protoctista  in most modern classifications, replacement for the Protista; includes: Protozoa; Euglenophyta; Chlorophyta; Cryptophyta; Heterokontophyta; Rhodophyta; unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms: regarded as distinct from plants and animals
  supertype:  #kingdom  one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
  member:  #protoctist_order  the order of protoctista
  member:  #protoctist  any of the unicellular protists
  member:  #division_Protista__Protista  eukaryotic one-celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals: protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae
     member:  #protist__protistan  free-living or colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes
  member:  #protoctist_family  any of the families of Protoctista
  member:  #protoctist_genus  any genus of Protoctista
  member:  #phylum_Protozoa__Protozoa  in some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers
     member:  #protozoan__protozoon  any of diverse minute acellular or unicellular organisms usually nonphotosynthetic
     member:  #class_Sarcodina__Sarcodina  characterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda
        member:  #sarcodinian__sarcodine  protozoa that move and capture food by forming pseudopods
        member:  #subclass_Actinopoda__Actinopoda  heliozoans; radiolarians
           member:  #actinopod  protozoa having stiff rodlike radiating pseudopods
           member:  #order_Heliozoa__Heliozoa  mostly freshwater protozoa
              member:  #heliozoan  protozoa with spherical bodies and stiff radiating pseudopods
           member:  #order_Radiolaria__Radiolaria  marine protozoa
              member:  #radiolarian  protozoa with amoeba-like bodies and radiating filamentous pseudopods
        member:  #subclass_Rhizopoda__Rhizopoda  creeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers
           member:  #rhizopod__rhizopodan  protozoa characterized by a pseudopod
           member:  #order_Amoebida__Amoebida__Amoebina__order_Amoebina  the animal order including amoebas
              member:  #genus_Amoeba  protozoan inhabiting moist soils or bottom vegetation in fresh or salt water
              member:  #family_Endamoebidae__Endamoebidae  a large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract
                 member:  #genus_Endamoeba__Endamoeba  the type genus of the family Endamoebidae
                    member:  #Endamoeba_histolytica  the parasitic ameba that causes amebic dysentery in human beings
              member:  #ameba__amoeba  naked freshwater or marine or parasitic protozoa that form temporary pseudopods for feeding and locomotion
           member:  #order_Foraminifera__Foraminifera  foraminifers
              member:  #foram__foraminifer  marine microorganism having a calcareous shell with openings where pseudopods protrude
              member:  #family_Globigerinidae__Globigerinidae  a family of protoctists
              member:  #genus_Globigerina  type genus of the family Globigerinidae
              member:  #family_Nummulitidae__Nummulitidae  a family of fossil protoctists
                 member:  #nummulite  large fossil protozoan of the Tertiary period
           member:  #order_Testacea__Testacea  testacean rhizopods
              member:  #testacean  any of various rhizopods of the order Testacea characterized by having a shell
              member:  #family_Arcellidae__Arcellidae  soil an freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan
                 member:  #genus_Arcella  type genus of the Arcellidae
                    member:  #arcella  an amoeba-like protozoan with a chitinous shell resembling an umbrella
              member:  #genus_Difflugia  genus of protozoans related to Amoeba
                 member:  #difflugia  a protozoan with an ovoid shell of cemented sand grains
     member:  #class_Ciliata__Ciliata__Ciliophora__class_Ciliophora  class of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle
        member:  #ciliate__ciliated_protozoan__ciliophoran  a protozoan with a microscopic appendage extending from the surface of the cell
        member:  #subclass_Infusoria__Infusoria  in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter
           member:  #infusorian  any member of the subclass Infusoria
        member:  #genus_Paramecium  freshwater ciliate with an oval body and long deep oral groove
           member:  #paramecium__paramecia  any member of the genus Paramecium
        member:  #genus_Tetrahymena  protozoa having four membranous ciliary organelles
           member:  #tetrahymena  relative of the paramecium; often used in genetics research
        member:  #genus_Stentor  trumpet-shaped protozoa with a ciliated spiral feeding funnel
           member:  #stentor  any member of the genus Stentor
        member:  #genus_Vorticella  ciliates
           member:  #vorticella  protozoa having a transparent goblet-shaped body with a retractile stalk
     member:  #class_Mastigophora__Mastigophora__Flagellata__class_Flagellata  protozoa having flagella
        member:  #flagellate_protozoan__flagellate__flagellated_protozoan__flagellatedprotozoan__mastigophoran__mastigophore  usually nonphotosynthetic free-living protozoan with whiplike appendages; some pathogens of humans and other animals
        member:  #order_Dinoflagellata__Dinoflagellata__Cilioflagellata__order_Cilioflagellata  in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; in others included in the plant phylum Pyrrophyta
           member:  #dinoflagellate  chiefly marine protozoa having two flagella; a chief constituent of plankton
           member:  #genus_Noctiluca  a genus of protoctista
              member:  #noctiluca__Noctiluca_miliaris  large bioluminescent marine protozoan
           member:  #family_Peridiniidae__Peridiniidae  marine and freshwater dinoflagellates
              member:  #genus_Peridinium__Peridinium  type genus of the family Peridiniidae
              member:  #peridinian  flagellate with a thick test composed of plates
        member:  #subclass_Zoomastigina__Zoomastigina  in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates
           member:  #zoomastigote__zooflagellate  flagellate protozoan lacking photosynthesis and other plant-like characteristics
           member:  #order_Hypermastigina__Hypermastigina  cellulose-producing flagellates
              member:  #hypermastigote  flagellate symbiotic in the intestines of e.g. termites
           member:  #order_Polymastigina__Polymastigina  small usually parasitic flagellates
              member:  #polymastigote  flagellates with several flagella
              member:  #genus_Costia  a genus of flagellate protoctista
                 member:  #costia__Costia_necatrix  a flagellate that is the cause of the frequently fatal fish disease costiasis
              member:  #genus_Giardia  flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
                 member:  #giardia  a suspected cause of diarrhea in humans
              member:  #genus_Chilomastix__Chilomastix  flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates including humans
              member:  #genus_Hexamita__Hexamita  flagellates free-living or parasitic in intestines of birds
              member:  #genus_Trichomonas  flagellates parasitic in alimentary or genitourinary tracts of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans
                 member:  #trichomonad  cause of trichomoniasis in women and cattle and birds
        member:  #subclass_Phytomastigina__Phytomastigina  plantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae
           member:  #plantlike_flagellate__plantlikeflagellate  unicellular organisms having many characteristics of typical algae
     member:  #class_Sporozoa__Sporozoa  strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites
        member:  #sporozoan  parasitic spore-forming protozoan
        member:  #subclass_Telosporidia__Telosporidia  parasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites
           member:  #order_Coccidia__Coccidia  an order in the subclass Telosporidia
              member:  #family_Eimeriidae__Eimeriidae  a family of protoctista in the order Coccidia
                 member:  #genus_Eimeria  type genus of the family Eimeriidae; includes serious pathogens
              member:  #coccidium__eimeria  parasitic on the digestive epithelium of vertebrates and higher invertebrates
           member:  #order_Gregarinida__Gregarinida  an order in the subclass Telosporidia
              member:  #gregarine  vermiform protozoans parasitic in insects and other invertebrates
           member:  #order_Haemosporidia__Haemosporidia  an order in the subclass Telosporidia
              member:  #haemosporidian  minute protozoans parasitic at some stage of the life cycle in blood cells of vertebrates including many pathogens
              member:  #family_Plasmodiidae__Plasmodiidae  malaria parasites
              member:  #family_Haemoproteidae__Haemoproteidae  bird parasites
                 member:  #haemoproteid  related to malaria parasite and having a phase in the viscera of various birds
                 member:  #genus_Haemoproteus__Haemoproteus  type genus of the family Haemoproteidae
                 member:  #genus_Leucocytozoon__genus_Leucocytozoan  a genus of protoctista
                    member:  #leucocytozoan__leucocytozoon  parasitic in birds
              member:  #family_Babesiidae__Babesiidae  piroplasms and cattle pathogens
                 member:  #genus_Babesia__genus_Piroplasma  type genus of the family Babesiidae
                 member:  #piroplasm  minute parasite of red blood cells of mammals transmitted by a tick and causing diseases of domestic animals
        member:  #genus_Plasmodium  type genus of the family Plasmodiidae
           member:  #Plasmodium_vivax__plasmodium__malaria_parasite__malariaparasite  parasitic protozoan of the genus Plasmodium that causes malaria in humans
        member:  #subclass_Acnidosporidia__Acnidosporidia  a subclass of Sporozoa
           member:  #order_Sarcosporidia__Sarcosporidia  imperfectly known parasites of the muscles of vertebrates
              member:  #genus_Sarcocystis__Sarcocystis  chief genus of the order Sarcosporidia
                 member:  #sarcosporidian__sarcocystidean__sarcocystieian  parasite of the muscles of vertebrates
           member:  #order_Haplosporidia__Haplosporidia  an order in the subclass Acnidosporidia
              member:  #haplosporidian  parasite in invertebrates and lower vertebrates of no known economic importance
        member:  #subclass_Cnidosporidia__Cnidosporidia  single-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates
           member:  #order_Actinomyxidia__Actinomyxidia  parasites of worms
              member:  #actinomyxidian  parasites of worms
           member:  #order_Mycrosporidia__Mycrosporidia  an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
              member:  #microsporidian  parasite of arthropods and fishes that invade and destroy host cells
           member:  #order_Myxosporidia__Myxosporidia  an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
              member:  #myxosporidian  mostly parasitic in fishes and including various serious pathogens
  member:  #division_Heterokontophyta__Heterokontophyta  algae having chlorophyll a and usually c, and flagella of unequal lengths; terminology supersedes Chrysophyta in some classifications
  member:  #division_Chrysophyta__Chrysophyta  mostly freshwater eukaryotic algae having the chlorophyll masked by brown or yellow pigment; yellow-green and golden-brown algae and diatoms: Xanthophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Bacillariophyceae; some some classification systems superseded or subsumed by Heterokontophyta
     member:  #golden_algae  algae having the pigments chlorophyll and carotene and xanthophyll
     member:  #yellow-green_algae  any alga of the division Chrysophyta with its chlorophyll masked by yellow pigment
     member:  #class_Chrysophyceae__Chrysophyceae__Heterokontae__class_Heterokontae  all the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length
     member:  #class_Xanthophyceae__Xanthophyceae  yellow-green algae
     member:  #class_Bacillariophyceae__Bacillariophyceae__Diatomophyceae__class_Diatomophyceae  marine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms
        member:  #diatom  microscopic unicellular marine or freshwater colonial alga having cell walls impregnated with silica
     member:  #order_Heterotrichales__Heterotrichales  yellow-green algae with simple or branching filaments; comprising the single family Tribonemaceae
        member:  #family_Tribonemaceae__Tribonemaceae  simple filamentous freshwater yellow-green algae
           member:  #genus_Tribonema__Tribonema__genus_Conferva  type genus of Tribonemaceae
              member:  #conferva  any of various algae of the genus Tribonema; algae with branching filaments that form scum in still or stagnant fresh water
  member:  #division_Euglenophyta__Euglenophyta  free-swimming flagellate algae
     member:  #class_Euglenophyceae__Euglenophyceae  coextensive with the division Euglenophyta
        member:  #family_Euglenaceae__Euglenaceae  considered green algae
           member:  #genus_Euglena  type genus of the family Euglenaceae: green algae with a single flagellum
              member:  #euglena  minute single-celled green freshwater organism having a single flagella; often classed as algae
     member:  #euglenoid__euglenophyte__euglenid  marine and freshwater green or colorless flagellate organism
  member:  #division_Chlorophyta__Chlorophyta  large division of chiefly freshwater eukaryotic algae that possess chlorophyll a and b, store food as starch, and cellulose cell walls; classes Chlorophyceae, Ulvophyceae, and Charophyceae; obviously ancestral to land plants
     member:  #class_Chlorophyceae__Chlorophyceae  algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments
        member:  #order_Ulvales__Ulvales  an order of protoctista
           member:  #family_Ulvaceae__Ulvaceae__sea-lettuce_family__sealettucefamily  thin flat or tubular green algae
              member:  #genus_Ulva__Ulva  type genus of the family Ulvaceae; green seaweed having a thallus two cells thick: sea lettuce
                 member:  #sea_lettuce__sealettuce__laver  seaweed with edible translucent crinkly green fronds
        member:  #order_Volvocales__Volvocales  chiefly freshwater green algae; solitary or colonial
           member:  #family_Volvocaceae__Volvocaceae  unicellular or colonial biflagellate free-swimming flagellates
              member:  #genus_Volvox__Volvox  type genus of the Volvocaceae; minute pale green flagellates occurring in tiny spherical colonies; minute flagella rotate the colony about an axis
           member:  #family_Chlamydomonadaceae__Chlamydomonadaceae  green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome
              member:  #genus_Chlamydomonas__Chlamydomonas  type genus of the Chlamydomonadaceae; solitary doubly-flagellated plant-like algae common in fresh water and damp soil; multiply freely; often a pest around filtration plants
        member:  #order_Zygnematales__Zygnematales__Zygnemales__order_Zygnemales  pond scums; desmids
           member:  #family_Zygnemataceae__Zygnemataceae  pond scums: common freshwater algae forming green slimy masses
              member:  #genus_Zygnema__Zygnema  type genus of the family Zygnemataceae
              member:  #pond_scum  free-floating freshwater green algae
              member:  #genus_Spirogyra  a genus of protoctista
                 member:  #spirogyra  freshwater algae consisting of minute filaments containing spiral chlorophyll bands
        member:  #order_Chlorococcales__Chlorococcales  unicellular green algae that reproduce by spores
           member:  #genus_Chlorococcum__Chlorococcum  type genus of Chlorococcales; unicellular green algae occurring singly or in a layer on soil or damp rock
           member:  #genus_Chlorella  nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially important as source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins
              member:  #chlorella  any alga of the genus Chlorella
        member:  #Oedogoniales__order_oedogoniales  simple or branched filamentous freshwater green algae
           member:  #family_Oedogoniaceae__Oedogoniaceae  filamentous green algae
              member:  #genus_Oedogonium__Oedogonium  type genus of Oedogoniaceae; freshwater green algae having long unbranched filaments; usually free-floating when mature
     member:  #green_algae__greenalgae__chlorophyte  algae that are clear green in color; often growing on wet ricks or damp wood or the surface of stagnant water
     member:  #class_Ulvophyceae__Ulvophyceae  alternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications
     member:  #class_Charophyceae__Charophyceae  in some classifications: contains only the order Charales
        member:  #order_Charales__Charales  small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts
           member:  #family_Characeae__Characeae  green algae superficially resembling horsetail ferns: stoneworts
              member:  #stonewort  any of various submerged aquatic algae of the genus Chara having nodes with whorled filamentlike branches; usually encrusted with calcium carbonate deposits
              member:  #genus_Chara__Chara  green algae common in freshwater lakes of limestone districts
              member:  #genus_Nitella__Nitella  fragile branching stoneworts
        member:  #family_Desmidiaceae__Desmidiaceae  unicellular algae
           member:  #genus_Desmidium__Desmidium  a genus of protoctista
              member:  #desmid  freshwater green algae
  member:  #division_Rhodophyta__Rhodophyta  lower plants; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
     member:  #class_Rhodophyceae__Rhodophyceae  coextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae
        member:  #family_Gigartinaceae__Gigartinaceae  a family of protoctista
           member:  #genus_Chondrus__Chondrus  a genus of protoctista
              member:  #Irish_moss__carrageen__carageen__carragheen__Chondrus_crispus  dark purple edible seaweed of the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America
        member:  #family_Rhodymeniaceae__Rhodymeniaceae  a family of protoctista
           member:  #genus_Rhodymenia__Rhodymenia  type genus of the family Rhodymeniaceae
              member:  #dulse__Rhodymenia_palmata  coarse edible red seaweed
        member:  #family_Bangiaceae__Bangiaceae  a family of protoctista
           member:  #genus_Porphyra__Porphyra  a genus of protoctista
              member:  #red_laver__redlaver__laver  edible red seaweeds
     member:  #red_algae__redalgae  marine algae in which the chlorophyll is masked by a red or purplish pigment; source of agar and carrageenan
  member:  #phylum_Cryptophyta__Cryptophyta  a phylum in the kingdom Protoctista
     member:  #class_Cryptophyceae__Cryptophyceae  motile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae
        member:  #cryptomonad__cryptophyte  common in fresh and salt water appearing along the shore as algal blooms

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