#kingdom_Monera__Monera  prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae and various primitive pathogens; because of lack of consensus on how to divide the organisms into phyla informal names are used for the major divisions
  supertype:  #kingdom  one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
  member:  #moneran__moneron  organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and whose nutritional mode is absorption or photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
  member:  #division_Archaebacteria  in some classifications considered a kingdom
     member:  #archaebacteria__archaebacterium__archaeobacteria__archeobacteria  considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae
  member:  #division_Eubacteria  one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella
     member:  #bacteria_order  an order of bacteria
     member:  #bacteria_family  a family of bacteria
     member:  #bacteria_genus  a genus of bacteria
     member:  #bacteria_species  a species of bacteria
     member:  #eubacteria__eubacterium__truebacteria  a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella
     member:  #order_Eubacteriales__Eubacteriales  one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
        member:  #family_Rhizobiaceae__Rhizobiaceae  a small family of rod-shaped bacteria
           member:  #genus_Rhizobium__Rhizobium  the type genus of Rhizobiaceae; usually occur in the root nodules of legumes; can fix atmospheric oxygen
           member:  #genus_Agrobacterium__Agrobacterium  small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
              member:  #Agrobacterium_tumefaciens  the bacteria that produce crown gall disease in plants
        member:  #family_Bacillaceae__Bacillaceae  typically rod-shaped usually gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores
           member:  #genus_Bacillus  type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites
              member:  #bacillus__bacilli__b  aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations
           member:  #genus_Clostridium  anaerobic or micro-aerophilic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped saprophytes; nearly cosmopolitan in soil, animal intestines, and dung
              member:  #clostridium__clostridia  spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore
              member:  #botulinus__botulinu__botulinum__Clostridium_botulinum  anaerobic bacterium producing botulin the toxin that causes botulism
        member:  #family_Bacteroidaceae__Bacteroidaceae  family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
           member:  #genus_Bacteroides__Bacteroides  type genus of Bacteroidaceae; genus of gram-negative rodlike anaerobic bacteria producing no endospores and no pigment and living in the gut of man and animals
              member:  #bacteroid.bacteria  a rodlike bacterium of the genus Bacteroides
        member:  #family_Enterobacteriaceae__Enterobacteriaceae  a large family of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
           member:  #genus_Aerobacter__Aerobacter  aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature
              member:  #Aerobacter_aerogenes  a species of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that produce gas and acid from sugars and are sometimes involved in the souring of milk
           member:  #enteric_bacteria__entericbacteria__enterobacteria__enterics  rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; most occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals
           member:  #genus_Escherichia  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #escherichia  a genus of enteric bacteria
           member:  #genus_Klebsiella  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #klebsiella  a genus of nonmotile rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some cause respiratory and other infections
           member:  #genus_Salmonella  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #salmonella  rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning
           member:  #genus_Shigella  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #shigella  rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals
           member:  #genus_Erwinia  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #erwinia  rod-shaped motile bacteria that attack plants
     member:  #division_Cyanophyta__Cyanophyta  prokaryotic organisms sometimes considered a class or phylum or subkingdom; coextensive with the Cyanophyceae: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
        member:  #class_Cyanobacteria__Cyanophyceae__class_Cyanophyceae  photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae
           member:  #cyanobacteria__blue-green_algae  predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton
           member:  #family_Nostocaceae__Nostocaceae  blue-green algae
              member:  #genus_Nostoc  type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae
                 member:  #nostoc  found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies
           member:  #family_Oscillatoriaceae__Oscillatoriaceae  blue green algae
              member:  #genus_Trichodesmium  a genus of blue-green algae
                 member:  #trichodesmium  large colonial bacterium common in tropical open-ocean waters; important in carbon and nitrogen fixation
     member:  #division_Schizophyta__Schizophyta  former term for the Cyanophyta
        member:  #class_Schizomycetes__Schizomycetes  a former classification
        member:  #family_Myxophyceae__Myxophyceae__Schizophyceae__family_Schizophyceae  former terms for Cyanophyceae
     member:  #order_Pseudomonadales__Pseudomonadales  one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
        member:  #family_Pseudomonodaceae__Pseudomonodaceae  rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens
           member:  #genus_Pseudomonas__Pseudomonas  type genus of the family Pseudomonodaceae
              member:  #Pseudomonas_pyocanea  a species of aerobic bacteria
              member:  #pseudomonad  bacteria usually producing greenish fluorescent water-soluble pigment; some pathogenic for plants and animals
           member:  #genus_Xanthomonas__Xanthomonas  a genus of bacteria similar to Pseudomonas but producing a yellow pigment that is not soluble in water
              member:  #xanthomonad  bacteria producing yellow non-water-soluble pigments; some pathogenic for plants
        member:  #family_Athiorhodaceae__Athiorhodaceae  small motile sulphur bacteria
        member:  #family_Nitrobacteriaceae__Nitrobacteriaceae  usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria
           member:  #genus_Nitrobacter__Nitrobacter  rod-shaped soil bacteria
              member:  #nitric_bacteria__nitrobacteria  soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates
           member:  #genus_Nitrosomonas__Nitrosomonas  ellipsoidal soil bacteria
              member:  #nitrosobacteria__nitrous_bacteria__nitrousbacteria  soil bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrites
        member:  #family_Thiobacteriaceae__Thiobacteriaceae  free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds
           member:  #genus_Thiobacillus  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #thiobacillus  small rod-shaped bacteria living in sewage or soil and oxidizing sulfur
        member:  #family_Spirillaceae__Spirillaceae  rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria
           member:  #genus_Spirillum  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #spirillum  spirally twisted elongate rodlike bacteria usually living in stagnant water
           member:  #genus_Vibrio  a genus of bacteria
              member:  #vibrio__vibrion  curved rodlike motile bacterium
              member:  #comma_bacillus__Vibrio_comma  comma-shaped bacteria that cause Asiatic cholera
              member:  #Vibrio_fetus  bacteria that cause abortion in sheep
     member:  #order_Rickettsiales__Rickettsiales  pleomorphic gram-negative microorganisms
        member:  #family_Rickettsiaceae__Rickettsiaceae  microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates
           member:  #genus_Rickettsia  can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans
           member:  #rickettsias__rickettsia  rod-shaped microorganisms resembling both bacteria and viruses; live in biting arthropods and cause disease in vertebrate hosts
        member:  #family_Chlamydiaceae__Chlamydiaceae  gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates
           member:  #genus_Chlamydia  type genus of the family Chlamydiaceae: disease-causing parasites
              member:  #chlamydia  coccoid rickettsia infesting birds and mammals; cause infections of eyes and lungs and genitourinary tract
     member:  #order_Mycoplasmatales__Mycoplasmatales  coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae
        member:  #family_Mycoplasmataceae__Mycoplasmataceae  pleomorphic gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals
           member:  #genus_Mycoplasma  type and sole genus of the family Mycoplasmataceae
              member:  #mycoplasma  the smallest self-reproducing prokaryote; lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection
     member:  #order_Actinomycetales__Actinomycetales  filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria
        member:  #actinomycete  any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) belonging to the order Actinomycetales
        member:  #family_Actinomycetaceae__Actinomycetaceae  filamentous anaerobic bacteria
           member:  #genus_Actinomyces  type genus of the family Actinomycetaceae
              member:  #actinomyces__actinomyce  soil-inhabiting saprophytes and disease-producing plant and animal parasites
        member:  #family_Streptomycetaceae__Streptomycetaceae  higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes
           member:  #genus_Streptomyces  type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae
              member:  #streptomyces  aerobic bacteria (some of which produce the antibiotic streptomycin)
        member:  #family_Mycobacteriaceae__Mycobacteriaceae  a family of bacteria
           member:  #genus_Mycobacterium  nonmotile gram-positive aerobic bacteria
              member:  #mycobacteria__mycobacterium  rod-shaped bacteria some saprophytic or causing diseases
     member:  #order_Myxobacteria__Myxobacterales__order_Myxobacterales__Myxobacteriales__order_Myxobacteriales  an order of higher bacteria
        member:  #family_Polyangiaceae__Polyangiaceae__Myxobacteriaceae__family_Myxobacteriaceae  bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung
           member:  #genus_Polyangium__Polyangium  type genus of the family Polyangiaceae: myxobacteria with rounded fruiting bodies enclosed in a membrane
        member:  #myxobacteria__myxobacterium__myxobacter__gliding_bacteria__glidingbacteria__slime_bacteria__slimebacteria  bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste
     member:  #family_Micrococcaceae__Micrococcaceae  spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes
        member:  #genus_Micrococcus__Micrococcus  type genus of the family Micrococcaceae
        member:  #genus_Staphylococcus  includes many pathogenic species
           member:  #staphylococcus__staphylococci__staph  spherical gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections
     member:  #order_Spirochaetales__Spirochaetales  higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms
        member:  #family_Spirochaetaceae__Spirochaetaceae  large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters
           member:  #genus_Spirochaeta__Spirochaeta  type genus of the family Spirochaetaceae; flexible undulating chiefly aquatic bacteria
        member:  #spirochete__spirochaete  parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals
        member:  #family_Treponemataceae__Treponemataceae  small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic
           member:  #genus_Treponema  type genus of Treponemataceae: anaerobic spirochetes with an undulating rigid body; parasitic in warm-blooded animals
              member:  #treponema  spirochete that causes disease in humans (e.g. syphilis and yaws)
           member:  #genus_Borrelia  small flexible parasitic spirochetes having three to five wavy spirals
              member:  #borrelia  cause of e.g. European and African relapsing fever
              member:  #Borrelia_burgdorferi__Lime_disease_spirochete  cause of Lyme disease; transmitted primarily by ticks of genus Ixodes
           member:  #genus_Leptospira  very slender aerobic spirochetes; free-living or parasitic in mammals
              member:  #leptospira  important pathogens causing Weil's disease or canicola fever
  member:  #family_Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacteriaceae__family_Lactobacteriaceae  lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid
     member:  #genus_Lactobacillus  type genus of the family Lactobacillaceae
        member:  #lactobacillus__lactobacillu  gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that produce lactic acid especially in milk
     member:  #genus_Diplococcus  a genus of bacteria
        member:  #diplococcus__diplococcu  gram-positive bacteria usually occurring in pairs
     member:  #genus_Streptococcus  a genus of bacteria
        member:  #streptococcus__streptococcu__streptococci__strep  spherical gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis
        member:  #Streptococcus_anhemolyticus  a species of bacteria
  member:  #phylum_Pyrrophyta__Pyrrophyta  a division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds

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