Individual #kingdom_Animalia__Animalia__animal_kingdom  taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals
  instance of:  #kingdom
  member:  #animal__animate_being__animatebeing__beast__brute__creature__fauna  a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
  member:  #animal_order  the order of animals
  member:  #phylum_Chordata__Chordata  comprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord
     member:  #chordate  any animal of the phylum Chordata having a notochord or spinal column
     member:  #chordate_family  any family in the phylum Chordata
     member:  #chordate_genus  any genus in the phylum Chordata
     member:  #subphylum_Cephalochordata__Cephalochordata  lancelets
        member:  #cephalochordate  fishlike animals having a notochord rather than a true spinal column
        member:  #family_Amphioxidae__Amphioxidae__Branchiostomidae__family_Branchiostomidae  lancelets
           member:  #genus_Amphioxus  type genus of the Amphioxidae
              member:  #lancelet__amphioxus__amphioxu  small translucent lancet-shaped burrowing marine animal; primitive forerunner of the vertebrates
     member:  #subphylum_Urochordata__Urochordata__Urochorda__subphylum_Urochorda__Tunicata__subphylum_Tunicata  tunicates
        member:  #tunicate__urochordate__urochord  primitive marine animal having a saclike unsegmented body and a urochord (a notochord) conspicuous in the larva
        member:  #class_Ascidiaceae__Ascidiaceae  sometimes classified as an order: sea squirts
           member:  #ascidian  minute sedentary marine invertebrate having a saclike body with siphons through which water enters and leaves
           member:  #ascidian_tadpole  free-swimming larva of ascidians; they have a tail like a tadpole that contains the notochord
        member:  #class_Thaliacea__Thaliacea  small class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
           member:  #family_Salpidae__Salpidae  a small family of tunicates in the class Thaliacea
              member:  #genus_Salpa  type (perhaps sole) genus of the Salpidae
                 member:  #salp__salpa  minute floating marine tunicate having a transparent body with an opening at each end
           member:  #family_Doliolidae__Doliolidae  oceanic tunicates
              member:  #genus_Doliolum  type genus of the Doliolidae
                 member:  #doliolum  free-swimming oceanic tunicate with a barrel-shaped transparent body
        member:  #class_Larvacea__Larvacea  small free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
           member:  #larvacean  any member of the class Larvacea
           member:  #genus_Appendicularia  a genus of chordates in the class Larvacea
              member:  #appendicularia  free-swimming tadpole-shaped pelagic tunicate resembling larvae of other tunicates
     member:  #subphylum_Vertebrata__Vertebrata__Craniata__subphylum_Craniata  fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals
        member:  #fish_family  any of various families of fish
        member:  #fish_genus  any of various genus of fish
        member:  #vertebrate__craniate  animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
        member:  #Amniota  higher vertebrates (reptiles; birds; mammals) possessing an amnion during development
           member:  #amniote  any member of the Amniota
        member:  #superclass_Agnatha__Agnatha  superclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms
           member:  #jawless_vertebrate__jawlessvertebrate__jawless_fish__jawlessfish__agnathan  eel-shaped vertebrate without jaws or paired appendages including the cyclostomes and some extinct forms
           member:  #order_Ostracodermi__Ostracodermi  extinct group of armored jawless vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
              member:  #ostracoderm  extinct fishlike jawless vertebrate having a heavily armored body; of the Paleozoic
              member:  #suborder_Heterostraci__Heterostraci  extinct group of armored jawless fishes or fishlike vertebrate; taxonomy is not clear
                 member:  #heterostracan  extinct jawless fish with the anterior part of the body covered with bony plates; of the Silurian and Devonian
              member:  #suborder_Osteostraci__Osteostraci__Cephalaspida__suborder_Cephalaspida  extinct group of armored fishlike vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
                 member:  #osteostracan__cephalaspid  extinct jawless fish of the Devonian with armored head
           member:  #order_Anaspida__Anaspida  extinct order of jawless vertebrates
              member:  #anaspid  extinct small freshwater jawless fish usually having a heterocercal tail and an armored head; of the Silurian and Devonian
           member:  #order_Conodonta__Conodonta__Conodontophorida__order_Conodontophorida  extinct order of primitive vertebrates; the precise taxonomy is not clear; in some classifications considered a separate phylum
              member:  #conodont  small (2 in) extinct eellike fish with a finned tail and a notochord and having cone-shaped teeth containing cellular bone; late Cambrian to late Triassic; possible predecessor of the cyclostomes
           member:  #order_Cyclostomata__Cyclostomata  primitive jawless aquatic vertebrate: lampreys; hagfishes
              member:  #cyclostome  primitive aquatic vertebrate
              member:  #suborder_Petromyzoniformes__Petromyzoniformes__Hyperoartia__suborder_Hyperoartia  lampreys as distinguished from hagfishes
              member:  #family_Petromyzontidae__Petromyzontidae  lampreys
                 member:  #lamprey_eel__lampreyeel__lamprey__lamper_eel  primitive eellike freshwater or anadromous cyclostome having round sucking mouth with a rasping tongue
                 member:  #genus_Petromyzon__Petromyzon  typical lampreys
                    member:  #sea_lamprey__sealamprey__Petromyzon_marinus  large anadromous lamprey sometimes used as food; destructive of native fish fauna in the Great Lakes
              member:  #suborder_Myxiniformes__Myxiniformes__Hyperotreta__suborder_Hyperotreta__Myxinoidei__Myxinoidea__suborder_Myxinoidei  hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys
              member:  #family_Myxinidae__Myxinidae  slime-producing marine animals: hagfishes
                 member:  #hagfish__slime_eels  eellike cyclostome having a tongue with horny teeth in a round mouth surrounded by eight tentacles; feeds on dead or trapped fishes by boring into their bodies
                 member:  #genus_Myxine__Myxine  type genus of the Myxinidae (typical hagfishes)
                    member:  #Myxine_glutinosa  typical hagfish
                 member:  #genus_Eptatretus  a genus of fossil fish of the family Myxinidae
                    member:  #eptatretus  a fossil hagfish of the genus Eptatretus
                 member:  #genus_Myxinikela__Myxinikela  fossil hagfishes
                    member:  #Myxinikela_siroka  fossil hagfish of the Pennsylvanian period (c. 300 million years ago) that resembled modern hagfishes
        member:  #superclass_Gnathostomata__Gnathostomata  comprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws
           member:  #gnathostome  a vertebrate animal possessing true jaws
        member:  #class_Placodermi__Placodermi  extinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws
           member:  #placoderm  fishlike vertebrate with bony plates on head and upper body; dominant in seas and rivers during the Devonian; considered the earliest vertebrate with jaws
        member:  #class_Chondrichthyes__Chondrichthyes  cartilaginous fishes
           member:  #cartilaginous_fish__cartilaginousfish__chondrichthian  fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified
           member:  #subclass_Holocephali__Holocephali  chimaeras and extinct forms
              member:  #holocephalan  fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail
              member:  #family_Chimaeridae__Chimaeridae  a family of Holocephali
                 member:  #genus_Chimaera  type genus of the Chimaeridae
                    member:  #chimaera  smooth-skinned deep-sea fish with a tapering body and long threadlike tail
           member:  #subclass_Elasmobranchii__Elasmobranchii__Selachii__subclass_Selachii  sharks; rays; dogfishes; skates
              member:  #elasmobranch__selachian  any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
              member:  #family_Hexanchidae__Hexanchidae  primitive sharks
                 member:  #genus_Hexanchus__Hexanchus  a genus of Hexanchidae
                    member:  #cow_shark__cowshark__six-gilled_shark__Hexanchus_griseus  large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas
              member:  #family_Lamnidae__Lamnidae  oceanic sharks
                 member:  #mackerel_shark  fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks
                 member:  #genus_Lamna__Lamna  a genus of Lamnidae
                    member:  #porbeagle__Lamna_nasus  voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
                 member:  #genus_Carcharodon__Carcharodon  man-eating sharks
                    member:  #great_white_shark__greatwhiteshark__white_shark__whiteshark__man-eater__maneater__man-eating_shark__Carcharodon_carcharias  large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans
                 member:  #genus_Cetorhinus__Cetorhinus  comprising only the basking sharks; in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Cetorhinidae
                    member:  #basking_shark__baskingshark__Cetorhinus_maximus  large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface
              member:  #family_Cetorhinidae__Cetorhinidae  in some older classifications considered the family of the basking sharks
              member:  #family_Alopiidae__Alopiidae  thresher sharks
                 member:  #genus_Alopius__Alopius  type genus of the family Alopiidae; in some classifications considered a genus of the family Lamnidae
                    member:  #thresher_shark__thresher__thrasher__fox_shark__foxshark__Alopius_vulpinus  large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed
              member:  #family_Orectolobidae__Orectolobidae  nurse sharks and carpet sharks
                 member:  #genus_Orectolobus__Orectolobus  carpet sharks
                    member:  #carpet_shark__Orectolobus_barbatus  shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin
                 member:  #genus_Ginglymostoma__Ginglymostoma  nurse sharks
                    member:  #nurse_shark__Ginglymostoma_cirratum  small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia
              member:  #family_Carchariidae__Carchariidae__Odontaspididae__family_Odontaspididae  sand sharks; in some classifications coextensive with family Carcharhinidae
                 member:  #genus_Carcharias__Carcharias__Odontaspis__genus_Odontaspis  type and sole genus of Carchariidae: sand sharks
                    member:  #sand_tiger__sand_shark__Carcharias_taurus__Odontaspis_taurus  shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers
              member:  #family_Rhincodontidae__Rhincodontidae  small-toothed sharks comprising only one species
                 member:  #genus_Rhincodon__Rhincodon  whale sharks
                    member:  #whale_shark__whaleshark__Rhincodon_typus  large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton
              member:  #family_Scyliorhinidae__Scyliorhinidae  small bottom-dwelling sharks
                 member:  #cat_shark__catshark  small bottom-dwelling sharks with catlike eyes; found along continental slopes
              member:  #family_Carcharhinidae__Carcharhinidae  largest family of living sharks; found worldwide especially in tropical waters; dorsal fin lacks spines: requiem sharks including tiger sharks and soupfin sharks
                 member:  #requiem_shark__requiemshark  any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species
                 member:  #genus_Carcharhinus__Carcharhinus  type genus of the Carcharhinidae
                    member:  #bull_shark__cub_shark__cubshark__Carcharhinus_leucas  a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous
                    member:  #sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_plumbeus  most common gray shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen
                    member:  #blacktip_shark__sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_limbatus  widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink
                    member:  #oceanic_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__white-tipped_shark__Carcharinus_longimanus  large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark
                    member:  #dusky_shark__duskyshark__Carcharhinus_obscurus  relatively slender blue-gray shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
                 member:  #genus_Negaprion__Negaprion  lemon sharks
                    member:  #lemon_shark__Negaprion_brevirostris  common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous
                 member:  #genus_Prionace__Prionace  blue sharks
                    member:  #great_blue_shark__blue_shark__Prionace_glauca  slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters
                 member:  #genus_Galeocerdo__Galeocerdo  tiger sharks
                    member:  #tiger_shark__Galeocerdo_cuvieri  large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body
                 member:  #genus_Galeorhinus__Galeorhinus  a genus of Carcharhinidae
                    member:  #soupfin_shark__soupfinshark__soupfin__Galeorhinus_zyopterus  Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)
              member:  #family_Triakidae__Triakidae  small smooth-skinned sharks lacking spines on dorsal fins
                 member:  #genus_Mustelus__Mustelus  smooth dogfishes
                    member:  #American_smooth_dogfish__Mustelus_canis  found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
                    member:  #Florida_smoothhound__Mustelus_norrisi  found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
                 member:  #smooth_dogfish  small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts
                 member:  #genus_Triaenodon__Triaenodon  a genus of Triakidae
                    member:  #reef_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__Triaenodon_obseus  smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins
              member:  #family_Squalidae__Squalidae  dogfishes having a spine in each dorsal fin
                 member:  #spiny_dogfish__spinydogfish  small bottom-dwelling dogfishes
                 member:  #genus_Squalus__Squalus  spiny dogfishes
                    member:  #Atlantic_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_acanthias  destructive dogfish of American and European Atlantic coastal waters; widely used in anatomy classes
                    member:  #Pacific_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_suckleyi  dogfish of Pacific coast of North America
              member:  #family_Sphyrnidae__Sphyrnidae  hammerhead sharks; bonnethead sharks
                 member:  #genus_Sphyrna__Sphyrna  type genus of the Sphyrnidae
                    member:  #hammerhead_shark__hammerhead  medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous
              member:  #family_Squatinidae__Squatinidae  bottom-dwelling ray-like sharks
                 member:  #genus_Squatina__Squatina  type genus of the Squatinidae: angel sharks
                    member:  #angel_shark__angelshark__angelfish__Squatina_squatina__monkfish  sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do
              member:  #order_Torpediniformes__Torpediniformes  rays with torpedo-shaped bodies
                 member:  #family_Torpedinidae__Torpedinidae  electric rays
                    member:  #electric_ray__crampfish__numbfish__torpedo  any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
              member:  #order_Rajiformes__Rajiformes__Batoidei__order_Batoidei  fish with dorsoventrally flattened bodies; includes: rays; skates; guitarfishes; sawfishes
                 member:  #family_Pristidae__Pristidae  large primitive rays with elongated snouts
                    member:  #sawfish  primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout
                    member:  #genus_Pristis__Pristis  type genus of the Pristidae
                       member:  #smalltooth_sawfish__Pristis_pectinatus  commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
                 member:  #family_Rhinobatidae__Rhinobatidae  primitive rays with guitar-shaped bodies
                    member:  #guitarfish  primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body
                 member:  #family_Dasyatidae__Dasyatidae  sting rays
                    member:  #stingray  large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds
                    member:  #genus_Dasyatis__Dasyatis  type genus of the Dasyatidae
                       member:  #roughtail_stingray__roughtailstingray__Dasyatis_centroura  one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
                    member:  #genus_Gymnura__Gymnura  butterfly rays
                       member:  #butterfly_ray__butterflyray  short-tailed broad-finned stingray
                 member:  #family_Myliobatidae__Myliobatidae  eagle rays
                    member:  #eagle_ray__eagleray  powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays
                    member:  #genus_Aetobatus__Aetobatus  a genus of Myliobatidae
                       member:  #spotted_eagle_ray__spottedeagleray__spotted_ray__spottedray__Aetobatus_narinari  ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
                    member:  #genus_Rhinoptera__Rhinoptera  a genus of Myliobatidae
                       member:  #cownose_ray__cownoseray__cow-nosed_ray__cownosedray__Rhinoptera_bonasus  large ray found along eastern coast of North America
                 member:  #family_Mobulidae__Mobulidae  large rays lacking venomous spines: mantas
                    member:  #manta_ray__mantaray__manta__devilfish  extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
                    member:  #genus_Manta  a genus of Mobulidae
                       member:  #Atlantic_manta__Manta_birostris  largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
                    member:  #genus_Mobula__Mobula  type genus of the Mobulidae
                       member:  #devil_ray__devilray__Mobula_hypostoma  small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
                 member:  #family_Rajidae__Rajidae  bottom-dwelling tropical rays: skates
                    member:  #skate  large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins
                    member:  #genus_Raja__Raja  type genus of the family Rajidae
                       member:  #gray_skate__Raja_batis  common European skate used as food
                       member:  #little_skate__Raja_erinacea  most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
                       member:  #thorny_skate__Raja_radiata  cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
                       member:  #barndoor_skate__Raja_laevis  one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook
        member:  #class_Aves__Aves  birds
           member:  #bird  warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
           member:  #genus_Protoavis  extinct primitive birds of the Triassic period; 70 million years before archaeopteryx
              member:  #protoavis__protoavi  most primitive avian type known; extinct bird of the Triassic having birdlike jaw and hollow limbs and breastbone with dinosaur-like tail and hind limbs
           member:  #subclass_Archaeornithes__Archaeornithes  primitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous
              member:  #genus_Archaeopteryx__genus_Archeopteryx  a genus of fossil birds
                 member:  #archaeopteryx__archeopteryx__Archaeopteryx_lithographica  extinct primitive toothed bird of the Upper Jurassic having a long feathered tail and hollow bones; usually considered the most primitive of all birds
              member:  #genus_Sinornis  a genus of fossil birds
                 member:  #Sinornis  sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous having a keeled breastbone and vestigial tail; found in China; considered possibly the second most primitive of all birds
              member:  #genus_Ibero-mesornis  a genus of fossil bird of the subclass Archaeornithes
                 member:  #Ibero-mesornis  sparrow-sized fossil bird of the Lower Cretaceous having a vestigial tail; found in Spain; considered possibly the third most primitive of all birds
              member:  #genus_Archaeornis  a genus of fossil bird
                 member:  #archaeornis__archaeorni  extinct primitive toothed bird with a long feathered tail and three free clawed digits on each wing
           member:  #superorder_Ratitae__Ratitae  used in former classifications to include all ratite bird orders
              member:  #order_Tinamiformes__Tinamiformes  coextensive with the family Tinamidae
                 member:  #family_Tinamidae__Tinamidae  comprising the tinamous
                    member:  #tinamou__partridge  heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird resembling a gallinaceous bird but related to the ratite birds
           member:  #order_Struthioniformes__Struthioniformes  a ratite bird order: ostriches and related extinct birds; known from the Pleistocene onward
              member:  #family_Struthionidae__Struthionidae  tall terrestrial birds: ostriches
                 member:  #genus_Struthio__Struthio  type genus of the Struthionidae: African ostriches
                    member:  #ostrich__struthiocamelu  fast-running African flightless bird with two-toed feet; largest living bird
           member:  #order_Casuariiformes__Casuariiformes  a ratite bird order: cassowaries and emus
              member:  #family_Casuaridae__Casuaridae  a family of large ostrich-like birds including cassowaries
                 member:  #genus_Casuarius__Casuarius  type and sole genus of the Casuaridae: cassowaries
                    member:  #cassowary  large black flightless bird of Australia and New Guinea having a horny head crest
              member:  #genus_Dromaius__Dromaius  a genus of birds in the order Casuariiformes
                 member:  #emu__Dromaius_novaehollandiae__Emu_novaehollandiae  large Australian flightless bird similar to the ostrich but smaller
           member:  #order_Apterygiformes__Apterygiformes  a ratite bird order: flightless ground birds having vestigial wings and long bills and small eyes: kiwis
              member:  #family_Apterygidae__Apterygidae  coextensive with the order Apterygiformes
                 member:  #genus_Apteryx  type genus of the Apterygidae: kiwis
                    member:  #kiwi__apteryx  nocturnal flightless bird of New Zealand having a long neck and stout legs; only surviving representative of the order Apterygiformes
           member:  #order_Rheiformes__Rheiformes  a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas
              member:  #family_Rheidae__Rheidae  a family of birds coextensive with the order Rheiformes
                 member:  #genus_Rhea  type genus of the Rheidae; large tall flightless South American birds similar to but smaller than ostriches
                    member:  #Rhea_americana__rhea  larger of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Brazil to Patagonia
                 member:  #genus_Pterocnemia__Pterocnemia  a genus of birds of the family Rheidae
                    member:  #rhea__nandu__Pterocnemia_pennata  smaller of two tall fast-running flightless birds similar to ostriches but three-toed; found from Peru to Straits of Magellan
           member:  #order_Aepyorniformes__Aepyorniformes  huge extinct flightless birds: elephant birds
              member:  #family_Aepyornidae__Aepyornidae  coextensive with the order Aepyorniformes
                 member:  #genus_Aepyornis  type genus of the Aepyornidae: elephant birds
                    member:  #elephant_bird__aepyornis__aepyorni  huge (to 9 ft.) extinct flightless bird of Madagascar
           member:  #order_Dinornithiformes__Dinornithiformes  a ratite bird order: recently extinct flightless birds of New Zealand
              member:  #family_Dinornithidae__Dinornithidae  moas
                 member:  #genus_Dinornis__Dinornis  type genus of the Dinornithidae: large moas
                    member:  #giant_moa__giantmoa__Dinornis_giganteus  the largest moa; about 12 feet high
                 member:  #moa  extinct flightless bird of New Zealand
                 member:  #genus_Anomalopteryx  small moas
                    member:  #anomalopteryx__Anomalopteryx_oweni  the smallest moa; slender moa about the size of a large turkey
           member:  #order_Insessores__Insessores__perching_birds__perchers  birds with feet adapted for perching on trees; this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists
           member:  #order_Passeriformes__Passeriformes  largest order of birds comprising about half the known species: rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; in four suborders: Eurylaimi; Tyranni; Menurae: Oscines or Passeres
              member:  #passerine__passeriform_bird__passeriformbird  perching birds mostly small and living near the ground with feet having 4 toes arranged to allow for gripping the perch; most are songbirds; hatchlings are helpless
              member:  #suborder_Oscines__Oscines__Passeres__suborder_Passeres  two names for the suborder of typical songbirds
                 member:  #oscine_bird__oscine  passerine bird having specialized vocal apparatus
                 member:  #family_Meliphagidae__Meliphagidae  honey eaters
                    member:  #honey_eater__honeyeater__honeysucker  Australasian bird with tongue and bill adapted for extracting nectar
                 member:  #family_Prunellidae__Prunellidae  hedge sparrow
                    member:  #genus_Prunella__Prunella  type genus of the Prunellidae
                       member:  #accentor  small sparrow-like songbird of mountainous regions of Eurasia
                 member:  #family_Alaudidae__Alaudidae  larks
                    member:  #lark  any of numerous predominantly Old World birds noted for their singing
                    member:  #genus_Alauda__Alauda  type genus of the Alaudidae: skylarks
                       member:  #skylark__alaudaarvensi  brown-speckled European lark noted for singing while hovering at a great height
                 member:  #family_Motacillidae__Motacillidae  pipits and wagtails
                    member:  #genus_Motacilla__Motacilla  type genus of the Motacillidae: wagtails
                       member:  #wagtail  Old World bird having a very long tail that jerks up and down as it walks
                    member:  #genus_Anthus__Anthus  pipits
                       member:  #pipit__titlark__lark  small songbirds resembling larks
                 member:  #family_Fringillidae__Fringillidae  finches: goldfinches; bullfinches; chaffinches; siskins; canaries; cardinals; grosbeaks; crossbills; linnets; buntings
                    member:  #finch  any of numerous small songbirds with short stout bills adapted for crushing seeds
                    member:  #genus_Fringilla__Fringilla  type genus of the Fringillidae: chaffinch, brambling
                       member:  #chaffinch__Fringilla_coelebs  small European finch with a cheerful song
                       member:  #brambling__Fringilla_montifringilla  Eurasian finch
                    member:  #subfamily_Carduelinae__Carduelinae  used in some classifications for a subgroup of finches
                    member:  #genus_Carduelis__Carduelis  in some classifications considered the type genus of a subfamily Carduelinae of the Fringillidae: goldfinches; siskins; redpolls; linnets
                       member:  #goldfinch__Carduelis_carduelis  small European finch having a crimson face and yellow-and-black wings
                       member:  #linnet__Carduelis_cannabina  small Old World finch whose male has a red breast and forehead
                       member:  #red_siskin__redsiskin__Carduelis_cucullata  South American species of scarlet finch with black head and wings and tail
                       member:  #Carduelis_flammea__redpoll  small siskin-like finch with a red crown
                       member:  #redpoll__Carduelis_hornemanni  small siskin-like finch with a red crown
                    member:  #genus_Spinus__Spinus  in some classifications considered a subgenus of Carduelis: siskins and New World goldfinches
                       member:  #New_world_goldfinch__goldfinch__yellowbird__Spinus_tristis  American finch whose male has yellow body plumage in summer
                       member:  #pine_siskin__pine_finch__Spinus_pinus  small finch of North American coniferous forests
                    member:  #genus_Carpodacus__Carpodacus  house finches and purple finches
                       member:  #house_finch__housefinch__linnet__Carpodacus_mexicanus  small finch originally of the western United States and Mexico
                       member:  #purple_finch__Carpodacus_purpureus  North American finch having a raspberry-red head and breast and rump
                    member:  #genus_Serinus__Serinus  Old World finches: e.g. canaries and serins
                       member:  #canary_bird__canary  any of several small Old World finches
                       member:  #serin  any of various brown and yellow finches of pats of Europe
                    member:  #genus_Loxia__Loxia  crossbill
                       member:  #crossbill__Loxia_curvirostra  finch with a bill whose tips cross when closed
                    member:  #genus_Pyrrhula__Pyrrhula  bullfinches
                       member:  #bullfinch__Pyrrhula_pyrrhula  common European finch mostly black and white with red throat and breast
                    member:  #genus_Junco  American finches
                       member:  #junco__snowbird  small North American finch seen chiefly in winter
                    member:  #genus_Pooecetes__Pooecetes  a genus of Fringillidae
                       member:  #vesper_sparrow__grass_finch__grassfinch__Pooecetes_gramineus  common North American finch noted for its evening song
                    member:  #genus_Zonotrichia__Zonotrichia  large New World sparrows
                       member:  #white-throated_sparrow__whitethroat__Zonotrichia_albicollis  common North American finch with a white patch on the throat and black-and-white striped crown
                       member:  #white-crowned_sparrow__whitecrownedsparrow__Zonotrichia_leucophrys  finch with black-and-white striped crown
                    member:  #genus_Spizella__Spizella  chipping sparrow; field sparrow; tree sparrow
                       member:  #chipping_sparrow__Spizella_passerina  small North American finch common in urban areas
                       member:  #field_sparrow__fieldsparrow__Spizella_pusilla  common North American finch of brushy pasturelands
                       member:  #Spizella_arborea__tree_sparrow  finch common in winter in the northern U.S.
                    member:  #genus_Melospiza__Melospiza  American song sparrow and swamp sparrow
                       member:  #song_sparrow__Melospiza_melodia  small songbird common in North America
                       member:  #swamp_sparrow__swampsparrow__Melospiza_georgiana  North American finch of marshy area
                    member:  #subfamily_Emberizidae__Emberizidae__subfamily_Emberizinae  buntings and some New World sparrows
                       member:  #genus_Passerina__genuspasserina__Passerina  small North American bush-loving finches: New World buntings
                          member:  #indigo_bunting__indigo_finch__indigo_bird__Passerina_cyanea  small deep blue North American bunting
                       member:  #genus_Emberiza__Emberiza  Old World buntings
                          member:  #ortolan_bunting__ortolanbunting__ortolan__Emberiza_hortulana  brownish Old World bunting often eaten as a delicacy
                          member:  #reed_bunting__Emberiza_schoeniclus  European bunting inhabiting marshy areas
                          member:  #yellowhammer__yellow_bunting__Emberiza_citrinella  European bunting the male being bright yellow
                          member:  #yellow-breasted_bunting__Emberiza_aureola  common in Russia and Siberia
                       member:  #genus_Plectrophenax__Plectrophenax  snow bunting
                          member:  #snow_bunting__snowbird__snowflake__Plectrophenax_nivalis  white arctic bunting
                    member:  #genus_Hesperiphona__Hesperiphona  evening grosbeak
                       member:  #evening_grosbeak__eveninggrosbeak__Hesperiphona_vespertina  North American grosbeak
                    member:  #genus_Coccothraustes__Coccothraustes  large finches
                       member:  #hawfinch__Coccothraustes_coccothraustes  a common large finch of Eurasia
                    member:  #genus_Pinicola__Pinicola  a genus of Fringillidae
                       member:  #pine_grosbeak__Pinicola_enucleator  large grosbeak of coniferous forests of Old and New Worlds
                    member:  #genus_Richmondena__Richmondena  cardinals
                       member:  #cardinal_grosbeak__cardinal__Richmondena_Cardinalis__Cardinalis_cardinalis__redbird  crested thick-billed North American finch having bright red plumage in the male
                    member:  #genus_Pyrrhuloxia  large showy finches related to cardinals
                       member:  #pyrrhuloxia__Pyrrhuloxia_sinuata  crested gray-and-red bird of southwest United States and Mexico
                    member:  #genus_Pipilo__Pipilo  towhees
                       member:  #chewink__Pipilo_erythrophthalmus  common towhee of eastern North America
                    member:  #genus_Chlorura__Chlorura  towhees
                       member:  #green-tailed_towhee__Chlorura_chlorura  towhee of the Rocky mountain region
                 member:  #family_Coerebidae__Coerebidae__Dacninae__family_Dacninae  the honeycreepers
                    member:  #honeycreeper  small bright-colored tropical American songbird with a curved bill for sucking nectar
                    member:  #genus_Coereba__Coereba  type genus of the Coerebidae
                       member:  #banana_quit  any of several honeycreepers
                 member:  #family_Passeridae__Passeridae  true sparrows: Old world birds formerly considered weaverbirds
                    member:  #true_sparrow__sparrow  any of several small dull-colored singing birds feeding on seeds or insects
                    member:  #genus_Passer__Passer  type genus of the Passeridae
                       member:  #English_sparrow__house_sparrow__housesparrow__Passer_domesticus  small hardy brown-and-gray bird native to Europe
                       member:  #tree_sparrow__Passer_montanus  Eurasian sparrow smaller than the house sparrow
                 member:  #family_Ploceidae__Ploceidae  weaverbirds
                    member:  #weaver_finch__weaver__weaverbird  finch-like African and Asian colonial birds noted for their elaborately woven nests
                    member:  #genus_Ploceus__Ploceus  type genus of the Ploceidae
                    member:  #genus_Vidua__Vidua  whydahs
                       member:  #whydah__whidah__widow_bird__widowbird  mostly black African weaverbird
                    member:  #genus_Padda__Padda  a genus of Ploceidae
                       member:  #Java_sparrow__Java_finch__ricebird__Padda_oryzivora  small finch-like Indonesian weaverbird that frequents rice fields
                    member:  #genus_Estrilda__Estrilda  avadavats
                       member:  #avadavat__amadavat  red Asian weaverbirds often kept as cage birds
                    member:  #genus_Poephila__Poephila  grassfinches
                       member:  #grassfinch__grass_finch__grassfinch  usually brightly-colored Australian weaverbirds; often kept as cage birds
                       member:  #zebra_finch__zebrafinch__Poephila_castanotis  small Australian weaverbird with markings like a zebra's
                 member:  #family_Drepanididae__Drepanididae  Hawaiian honeycreepers
                    member:  #Hawaiian_honeycreeper__honeycreeper  small to medium-sized finches of the Hawaiian islands
                    member:  #genus_Drepanis__Drepanis  a genus of Drepanididae
                       member:  #mamo  black honeycreepers with yellow feathers around the tail; now extinct
                 member:  #family_Muscicapidae__Muscicapidae  Old World (true) flycatchers
                    member:  #Old_World_flycatcher__true_flycatcher__flycatcher  any of a large group of small songbirds that feed on insects taken on the wing
                    member:  #genus_Muscicapa__Muscicapa  type genus of the Muscicapidae
                       member:  #spotted_flycatcher__spottedflycatcher__Muscicapa_striata__Muscicapa_grisola  common European woodland flycatcher with grayish-brown plumage
                    member:  #genus_Pachycephala__Pachycephala  arboreal insectivorous birds
                       member:  #thickhead__whistler  Australian and southeastern Asian birds with a melodious whistling call
                    member:  #subfamily_Turdinae__Turdinae  alternative classification for the thrushes
                       member:  #genus_Sialia__Sialia  North American bluebirds
                          member:  #bluebird  blue North American songbird
                    member:  #subfamily_Sylviinae__Sylviinae  alternative classification for the Old World warblers
                 member:  #family_Turdidae__Turdidae  thrushes; in some classifications considered a subfamily (Turdinae) of the family Muscicapidae
                    member:  #thrush  songbirds characteristically having brownish upper plumage with a spotted breast
                    member:  #genus_Turdus__Turdus  type genus of the Turdidae
                       member:  #missel_thrush__mistle_thrush__mistletoe_thrush__mistletoethrush__Turdus_viscivorus  large European thrush that feeds on mistletoe berries
                       member:  #song_thrush__mavis__mavi__throstle__Turdus_philomelos  common Old World thrush noted for its song
                       member:  #fieldfare__snowbird__Turdus_pilaris  medium-sized Eurasian thrush seen chiefly in winter
                       member:  #redwing__Turdus_iliacus  small European thrush having reddish flanks
                       member:  #European_blackbird__blackbird__merl__merle__ouzel__ousel__Turdus_merula  common black European thrush
                       member:  #ring_ouzel__ring_blackbird__ring_thrush__Turdus_torquatus  European thrush common in rocky areas; the male has blackish plumage with a white band around the neck
                       member:  #American_robin__robin__Turdus_migratorius  large American thrush having a rust-red breast and abdomen
                       member:  #clay-colored_robin__Turdus_grayi  robin of Mexico and Central America
                    member:  #genus_Hylocichla__Hylocichla  American thrushes: wood thrush; hermit thrush; veery
                       member:  #hermit_thrush__Hylocichla_guttata  North American thrush noted for its complex and appealing song
                       member:  #veery__Wilson's_thrush__Hylocichla_fuscescens  tawny brown North American thrush noted for its song
                    member:  #genus_Luscinia__Luscinia  nightingales
                       member:  #nightingale__lusciniamegarhyncho  European songbird noted for its melodious nocturnal song
                       member:  #thrush_nightingale__Luscinia_luscinia  large nightingale of eastern Europe
                    member:  #genus_Saxicola__Saxicola  Old World chats
                       member:  #Old_World_chat__chat  songbirds having a chattering call
                    member:  #genus_Myadestes__Myadestes  solitaires
                       member:  #solitaire  dull gray North American thrushes noted for its beautiful song
                    member:  #genus_Phoenicurus__Phoenicurus  Old World thrushes
                       member:  #redstart__redtail  European songbird with a reddish breast and tail; related to Old World robins
                    member:  #genus_Oenanthe__Oenanthe  wheatears
                       member:  #wheatear  small songbird of northern America and Eurasia having a distinctive white rump
                    member:  #genus_Erithacus__Erithacus  Old World thrushes
                       member:  #robin_redbreast__robinredbreast__robin__redbreast__Old_World_robin__Erithacus_rubecola  small Old World songbird with a reddish breast
                       member:  #bluethroat__Erithacus_svecicus  songbird of northern Europe and Asia
                 member:  #family_Sylviidae__Sylviidae  in some classifications considered a subfamily (Sylviinae) of the family Muscicapidae: Old World (true) warblers; American kinglets and gnatcatchers
                    member:  #genus_Polioptila__Polioptila  New World gnatcatchers
                       member:  #gnatcatcher  very small North and South American warblers
                    member:  #genus_Regulus__Regulus  a genus of birds of the family Sylviidae including kinglets
                       member:  #kinglet  small birds resembling warblers but having some of the habits of titmice
                    member:  #Old_World_warbler__true_warbler  small active brownish or grayish Old World birds
                    member:  #genus_Silvia__Silvia  type genus of the Sylviidae: warblers
                       member:  #blackcap__Silvia_atricapilla  small brownish-gray warbler with a black crown
                    member:  #genus_Phylloscopus__Phylloscopus  warblers
                    member:  #genus_Acrocephalus__Acrocephalus  a genus of Sylviidae
                    member:  #genus_Prinia__Prinia  a genus of Sylviidae
                       member:  #wren_warbler  small Asiatic and African bird; constructs nests like those of tailorbirds
                    member:  #genus_Orthotomus__Orthotomus  tailorbirds
                       member:  #tailorbird__Orthotomus_sutorius  tropical Asian warbler that stitches leaves together to form and conceal its nest
                 member:  #family_Timaliidae__Timaliidae  babblers
                    member:  #genus_Timalia__Timalia  type genus of the Timaliidae
                       member:  #babbler__cackler  any of various insectivorous Old World birds with a loud incessant song; in some classifications considered members of the family Muscicapidae
                 member:  #family_Parulidae__Parulidae  New World warblers
                    member:  #New_World_warbler__wood_warbler  small bright-colored American songbird with a weak unmusical song
                    member:  #genus_Parula__Parula  type genus of the Parulidae: wood warblers
                       member:  #parula_warbler__northern_parula__Parula_americana  small gray-blue wood warbler with yellow throat and breast; of eastern North America
                    member:  #genus_Setophaga__Setophaga  a genus of Parulidae
                    member:  #genus_Dendroica__Dendroica  a genus of Parulidae
                       member:  #Cape_May_warbler__Dendroica_tigrina  North American wood warbler; olive green and yellow striped with black
                       member:  #yellow_warbler__golden_warbler__yellowbird__Dendroica_petechia  yellow-throated American wood warbler
                       member:  #Blackburn__Blackburnian_warbler__Dendroica_fusca  black-and-white North American wood warbler having an orange-and-black head and throat
                       member:  #Audubon's_warbler__Audubon_warbler__Dendroica_auduboni  common warbler of western North America
                       member:  #myrtle_warbler__myrtle_bird__Dendroica_coronata  similar to Audubon's warbler
                       member:  #blackpoll__Dendroica_striate  North American warbler having a black-and-white head
                    member:  #genus_Icteria__Icteria  New World chats
                       member:  #New_World_chat__chat  birds having a chattering call
                    member:  #genus_Seiurus__Seiurus  ovenbirds and water thrushes
                       member:  #Seiurus_aurocapillus__ovenbird  American warbler; builds a dome-shaped nest on the ground
                       member:  #water_thrush__waterthrush  brownish North American warbler found near streams
                    member:  #genus_Geothlypis__Geothlypis  yellowthroats
                       member:  #yellowthroat  small olive-colored American warblers with yellow breast and throat
                 member:  #family_Paradisaeidae__Paradisaeidae  birds of paradise
                    member:  #bird_of_paradise  any of numerous brilliantly colored plumed birds of the New Guinea area
                    member:  #genus_Ptloris__Ptloris  a genus of Paradisaeidae
                 member:  #family_Icteridae__Icteridae  American orioles; American blackbirds; bobolinks; meadowlarks
                    member:  #New_World_oriole__American_oriole__oriole  American songbird; male is black and orange or yellow
                    member:  #genus_Icterus__Icterus  type genus of the Icteridae
                       member:  #northern_oriole__Icterus_galbula  a kind of New World oriole
                       member:  #orchard_oriole__orchardoriole__Icterus_spurius  the male is chestnut-and-black
                    member:  #genus_Sturnella__Sturnella  a genus of passerine birds including the meadowlarks
                       member:  #meadowlark__lark  North American yellow-breasted songbirds
                    member:  #genus_Cacicus__Cacicus  a genus of tropical American orioles
                       member:  #cacique__cazique  black-and-red or black-and-yellow orioles of the American tropics
                    member:  #genus_Dolichonyx__Dolichonyx  bobolinks
                       member:  #bobolink__ricebird__reedbird__Dolichonyx_oryzivorus  migratory American songbird
                    member:  #genus_Quiscalus__Quiscalus  grackles
                       member:  #grackle__crowblackbird  long-tailed American blackbird having iridescent black plumage
                    member:  #genus_Euphagus__Euphagus  a genus of Icteridae
                       member:  #rusty_blackbird__rusty_grackle__rustygrackle__Euphagus_carilonus  North American blackbird whose bluish-black plumage is rusty-edged in the fall
                    member:  #genus_Molothrus__Molothrus  cowbirds
                       member:  #cowbird  North American blackbird that follows cattle and lays eggs in other birds' nests
                    member:  #genus_Agelaius__Agelaius  red-winged blackbirds
                       member:  #red-winged_blackbird__redwing__Agelaius_phoeniceus  North American blackbird with scarlet patches on the wings
                 member:  #family_Oriolidae__Oriolidae  Old World orioles
                    member:  #Old_World_oriole__oriole  mostly tropical songbird; the male is usually bright orange and black
                    member:  #genus_Oriolus__Oriolus  type genus of the Oriolidae
                       member:  #golden_oriole__Oriolus_oriolus  bright yellow songbird with black wings
                    member:  #genus_Sphecotheres__Sphecotheres  a genus of Old World orioles
                       member:  #fig-bird__figbird  greenish-yellow Australian oriole feeding chiefly on figs and other fruits
                 member:  #family_Sturnidae__Sturnidae  Old World starlings
                    member:  #starling  gregarious birds native to the Old World
                    member:  #genus_Sturnus__Sturnus  type genus of the Sturnidae: common starlings
                       member:  #common_starling__Sturnus_vulgaris  gregarious bird having plumage with dark metallic gloss; builds nests around dwellings and other structures; naturalized worldwide
                       member:  #subgenus_Pastor__Pastor  only the rose-colored starlings; in some classifications considered a separate genus
                          member:  #rose-colored_starling__rose-colored_pastor__Pastor_sturnus__Pastor_roseus  glossy black bird with pink back and abdomen; chiefly Asian
                    member:  #genus_Acridotheres__Acridotheres  mynas
                       member:  #crested_myna__crestedmyna__Acridotheres_tristis  dark brown crested bird of southeastern Asia
                    member:  #genus_Gracula__Gracula  mynas
                 member:  #family_Corvidae__Corvidae  crow; raven; rook; jackdaw; chough; magpie; jay
                    member:  #corvine_bird__corvinebird  birds of the crow family
                    member:  #genus_Corvus__Corvus  type genus of the Corvidae: crows and ravens
                       member:  #crow  black birds having a raucous call
                       member:  #raven__Corvus_corax  large black bird with a straight bill and long wedge-shaped tail
                       member:  #Corvus_frugilegus__rook  common gregarious Old World bird about the size and color of the American crow
                       member:  #jackdaw__daw__Corvus_monedula  common black-and-gray Eurasian bird noted for thievery
                    member:  #subfamily_Garrulinae__Garrulinae  subfamily of the crow family: jays
                       member:  #jay  crested largely blue bird
                       member:  #genus_Garrulus__Garrulus  type genus of the Garrulinae: Old World jays
                          member:  #Old_World_jay  a European jay
                       member:  #genus_Cyanocitta__Cyanocitta  New World jays
                          member:  #blue_jay__jaybird__Cyanocitta_cristata  common jay of eastern North America; bright blue with grey breast
                       member:  #genus_Perisoreus__Perisoreus  Canada jays
                          member:  #Canada_jay__gray_jay__camp_robber__whisker_jack__whiskerjack__Perisoreus_canadensis  gray jay of northern North America with black-capped head and no crest; noted for boldness in thievery
                    member:  #genus_Nucifraga__Nucifraga  nutcrackers
                       member:  #nutcracker  speckled birds that feed on nuts
                    member:  #genus_Pica__Pica  magpies
                       member:  #magpie  long-tailed black-and-white bird that utters a chattering call
                 member:  #family_Cracticidae__Cracticidae  Australian birds formerly included in the family Laniidae
                    member:  #Australian_magpie  black-and-white oscine birds that resemble magpies
                    member:  #genus_Cracticus__Cracticus  type genus of the Cracticidae: Australian butcherbirds
                       member:  #butcherbird.Australian_magpie  large carnivorous Australian bird with the shrike-like habit of impaling prey on thorns
                    member:  #genus_Strepera__Strepera  bell magpies
                       member:  #currawong__bell_magpie  bluish black fruit-eating bird with a bell-like call
                    member:  #genus_Gymnorhina__Gymnorhina  in some classifications placed in the family Laniidae: Australian piping crows
                       member:  #piping_crow-shrike__piping_crow__Gymnorhina_tibicen  crow-sized black-and-white bird; a good mimic often caged
                 member:  #family_Mimidae__Mimidae  sometimes considered a subfamily of Troglodytidae: mockingbirds; catbirds; thrashers
                    member:  #genus_Mimus__Mimus  type genus of the family Mimidae: mockingbirds
                       member:  #mockingbird__mocker__Mimus_polyglotktos  long-tailed gray-and-white songbird of the southern United States able to mimic songs of other birds
                    member:  #genus_Melanotis__Melanotis  a genus of Mimidae
                       member:  #blue_mockingbird__Melanotis_caerulescens  mockingbird of Mexico
                    member:  #genus_Dumetella__Dumetella  catbirds
                       member:  #gray_catbird__catbird__Dumetella_carolinensis  North American songbird whose call resembles a cat's mewing
                    member:  #genus_Toxostoma__Toxostoma  thrashers
                       member:  #thrasher__mocking_thrush__mockingthrush  thrush-like American songbird able to mimic other birdsongs
                 member:  #family_Xenicidae__Xenicidae__Acanthisittidae__family_Acanthisittidae  alternative names for the family comprising the New Zealand wrens
                    member:  #New_Zealand_wren  birds of New Zealand that resemble wrens
                    member:  #genus_Xenicus__Xenicus  type genus for the Xenicidae
                       member:  #rock_wren__Xenicus_gilviventris  short-tailed bird resembling a wren
                    member:  #genus_Acanthisitta__Acanthisitta  a genus of Xenicidae
                       member:  #rifleman_bird__Acanthisitta_chloris  small green-and-bronze bird
                 member:  #family_Certhiidae__Certhiidae  creepers
                    member:  #tree_creeper__creeper  any of various small insectivorous birds of the northern hemisphere that climb about on trees
                    member:  #genus_Certhia__Certhia  type genus of the Certhiidae
                       member:  #brown_creeper__browncreeper__American_creeper__Certhia_americana  common American brown creeper with down-curved bill
                    member:  #genus_Tichodroma__Tichodroma  wall creepers; in some classifications placed in family Sittidae
                       member:  #wall_creeper__tichodrome__Tichodroma_muriaria  crimson-and-gray songbird that inhabits town walls and mountain cliffs of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
                 member:  #family_Sittidae__Sittidae  nuthatches
                    member:  #nuthatch__nutcracker  any of various small short-tailed sharp-beaked birds that creep on trees and feed on small nuts and insects
                    member:  #genus_Sitta__Sitta  type genus of the Sittidae
                       member:  #European_nuthatch__Sitta_europaea  a kind of nuthatch
                       member:  #red-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_canadensis  bluish-gray nuthatch with reddish breast; of northern coniferous forests
                       member:  #white-breasted_nuthatch__Sitta_carolinensis  bluish-gray nuthatch with black head and white breast; of eastern North America
                 member:  #family_Paridae__Paridae  titmice and chickadees
                    member:  #titmouse__tit  small insectivorous birds
                    member:  #genus_Parus__Parus  type genus of the family Paridae
                       member:  #chickadee  any of various small gray-and-black songbirds of North America
                       member:  #tufted_titmouse__Parus_bicolor  crested titmouse of eastern and midwestern United States
                       member:  #blue_tit__tomtit__Parus_caeruleus  widely distributed European titmouse with bright cobalt blue wings and tail and crown of the head
                    member:  #genus_Psaltriparus__Psaltriparus  a genus of Paridae
                       member:  #bushtit__bush_tit  active gray titmice of western North America
                    member:  #genus_Chamaea__Chamaea  a genus of Paridae
                       member:  #wren-tit__Chamaea_fasciata  small brown bird of California resembling a wren
                    member:  #genus_Auriparus__Auriparus  a genus of Paridae
                       member:  #verdin__Auriparus_flaviceps  very small yellow-headed titmouse of Western North America
                 member:  #family_Irenidae__Irenidae  a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
                    member:  #genus_Irena__Irena  type genus of the Irenidae: fairy bluebirds
                       member:  #fairy_bluebird__fairybluebird__bluebird  fruit-eating mostly brilliant blue songbird of the East Indies
                 member:  #family_Hirundinidae__Hirundinidae  swallows and martins
                    member:  #genus_Hirundo__Hirundo  type genus of the Hirundinidae
                       member:  #barn_swallow__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Hirundo_rustica  common swallow of North America and Europe that nests in barns etc.
                       member:  #cliff_swallow__cliffswallow__Hirundo_pyrrhonota  North American swallow that lives in colonies and builds bottle-shaped mud nests on cliffs and walls
                       member:  #tree_swallow__tree_martin__Hirundo_nigricans  of Australia and Polynesia; nests in tree cavities
                    member:  #genus_Iridoprocne__Iridoprocne  a genus of Hirundinidae
                    member:  #genus_Delichon__Delichon  a genus of Hirundinidae
                       member:  #house_martin__housemartin__Delichon_urbica  common small European martin that builds nests under the eaves of houses
                    member:  #genus_Riparia__Riparia  a genus of Hirundinidae
                       member:  #bank_martin__bank_swallow__sand_martin__Riparia_riparia  swallow of the northern hemisphere that nests in tunnels dug in clay or sand banks
                    member:  #genus_Progne__Progne  a genus of Hirundinidae
                       member:  #purple_martin__Progne_subis  large North American martin of which the male is blue-black
                 member:  #family_Artamidae__Artamidae  wood swallows
                    member:  #genus_Artamus__Artamus  type genus of the Artamidae
                       member:  #wood_swallow__swallow_shrike__swallowshrike  Australasian and Asiatic bird related to the shrikes and resembling a swallow
                 member:  #family_Thraupidae__Thraupidae  tanagers
                    member:  #tanager  any of numerous New World woodland birds having brightly colored males
                    member:  #genus_Piranga__Piranga  a genus of Thraupidae
                       member:  #scarlet_tanager__scarlettanager__Piranga_olivacea__redbird__firebird  the male is bright red with black wings and tail
                       member:  #western_tanager__westerntanager__Piranga_ludoviciana  of western North America; male is black and yellow and orange-red
                       member:  #summer_tanager__summer_redbird__Piranga_rubra  of middle and southern United States; male is deep rose-red the female mostly yellow
                       member:  #hepatic_tanager__hepatictanager__Piranga_flava_hepatica  common tanager of southwestern United States and Mexico
                 member:  #family_Laniidae__Laniidae  shrikes
                    member:  #shrike  any of numerous Old World birds having a strong hooked bill that feed on smaller animals
                    member:  #genus_Lanius__Lanius  type genus of the Laniidae: typical shrikes
                       member:  #butcherbird  shrikes that impale their prey on thorns
                       member:  #loggerhead_shrike__Lanius_lucovicianus  common shrike of southeastern United States having black eye-bands
                    member:  #subfamily_Malaconotinae__Malaconotinae  African bush shrikes
                       member:  #bush_shrike  African shrike
                       member:  #genus_Chlorophoneus__Chlorophoneus  a genus of Malaconotinae
                          member:  #black-fronted_bush_shrike__Chlorophoneus_nigrifrons  a kind of bush shrike
                 member:  #family_Ptilonorhynchidae__Ptilonorhynchidae  bowerbirds
                    member:  #bowerbird__catbird  any of various birds of the Australian region whose males build ornamented structures resembling bowers in order to attract females
                    member:  #genus_Ptilonorhynchus__Ptilonorhynchus  type genus of the Ptilonorhynchidae
                       member:  #satin_bowerbird__satinbowerbird__satin_bird__satinbird__Ptilonorhynchus_violaceus  of southeast Australia; male is glossy violet blue; female is light gray-green
                    member:  #genus_Chlamydera__Chlamydera  a genus of Ptilonorhynchidae
                       member:  #great_bowerbird__greatbowerbird__Chlamydera_nuchalis  large bowerbird of northern Australia
                 member:  #family_Cinclidae__Cinclidae  water ouzels
                    member:  #water_ouzel__waterouzel__dipper  small stocky diving bird without webbed feet; frequents fast-flowing streams and feeds along the bottom
                    member:  #genus_Cinclus__Cinclus  type genus of the family Cinclidae
                       member:  #European_water_ouzel__Cinclus_aquaticus  a water ouzel of Europe
                       member:  #American_water_ouzel__Cinclus_mexicanus  a water ouzel of western North America
                 member:  #family_Vireonidae__Vireonidae  small insectivorous American songbirds
                    member:  #genus_Vireo  type genus of the Vireonidae
                       member:  #vireo  any of various small insectivorous American birds chiefly olive-gray in color
                 member:  #family_Bombycillidae__Bombycillidae  a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
                    member:  #Bombycilla__genus_bombycilla__genusbombycilla  waxwings
                       member:  #waxwing  brown velvety-plumaged songbirds of the northern hemisphere having crested heads and red waxy wing tips
              member:  #suborder_Menurae__Menurae  lyrebirds and scrubbirds
                 member:  #family_Menuridae__Menuridae  lyrebirds
                    member:  #genus_Menura__Menura  type and sole genus of the family Menuridae
                       member:  #lyrebird  Australian bird that resembles a pheasant; the courting male displays long tail feathers in a lyre shape
                 member:  #family_Atrichornithidae__Atrichornithidae  scrubbirds
                    member:  #genus_Atrichornis__Atrichornis  type genus of the Atrichornithidae
                       member:  #scrubbird__scrub_bird__scrubbird  small fast-running Australian bird resembling a wren and frequenting brush or scrub
              member:  #suborder_Eurylaimi__Eurylaimi  broadbills
                 member:  #family_Eurylaimidae__Eurylaimidae  coextensive with the suborder Eurylaimi
                    member:  #broadbill  small birds of the Old World tropics having bright plumage and short wide bills
              member:  #suborder_Tyranni__Tyranni  New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers
                 member:  #tyrannid  a passerine bird of the suborder Tyranni
                 member:  #superfamily_Tyrannidae__Tyrannidae  New World tyrant flycatchers most numerous in Central and South America but also in the United States and Canada
                    member:  #New_World_flycatcher__flycatcher__tyrant_flycatcher__tyrant_bird  large American birds that characteristically catch insects on the wing
                    member:  #genus_Tyrannus__Tyrannus  type genus of the Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers
                       member:  #kingbird__Tyrannus_tyrannus  large American flycatcher
                    member:  #genus_Contopus__Contopus  pewees
                       member:  #wood_pewee__pewee__peewit__pewit__Contopus_virens  small olive-colored woodland flycatchers of eastern North America
                    member:  #genus_Sayornis__Sayornis  phoebes
                       member:  #Sayornis_phoebe__phoebe__phoebe_bird  small dun-colored North American flycatcher
                    member:  #genus_Pyrocephalus__Pyrocephalus  a genus of Tyrannidae
                       member:  #vermillion_flycatcher__firebird__Pyrocephalus_rubinus_mexicanus  tropical American flycatcher found as far north as southern Texas and Arizona; adult male has bright scarlet and black plumage
                    member:  #family_Cotingidae__Cotingidae  cotingas; umbrella birds
                       member:  #genus_Cotinga  type genus of the Cotingidae: cotingas
                          member:  #cotinga__chatterer  passerine bird of New World tropics
                       member:  #genus_Rupicola__Rupicola  cock of the rocks
                          member:  #Rupicola_rupicola__cock_of_the_rock  tropical bird of northern South America the male having brilliant red or orange plumage and an erectile disklike crest
                       member:  #genus_Procnias__Procnias  bellbirds
                          member:  #bellbird  any of several tropical American birds of the genus Procnias having a bell-like call
                       member:  #genus_Cephalopterus__Cephalopterus  a genus of Cotingidae
                          member:  #umbrella_bird__Cephalopterus_ornatus  black tropical American bird having a large overhanging crest and long feathered wattle
                    member:  #family_Pittidae__Pittidae  pittas
                       member:  #genus_Pitta  type genus of the Pittidae; a large genus of birds of southern Asia and Australia and adjacent islands
                    member:  #genus_Muscivora__Muscivora  a genus of Tyrannidae
                       member:  #scissortail__scissortailed_flycatcher__scissortailedflycatcher__Muscivora-forficata  gray flycatcher of the southwestern United States and Mexico and Central America having a long forked tail and white breast and salmon and scarlet markings
                 member:  #family_Pipridae__Pipridae  manakins
                    member:  #genus_Pipra__Pipra  type genus of the Pipridae containing the typical manakins
                       member:  #manakin  any of numerous small bright-colored birds of Central and South America having short bills and elaborate courtship behavior
                 member:  #family_Furnariidae__Furnariidae  e.g. ovenbirds
                    member:  #genus_Furnarius__Furnarius  type genus of the family Furnariidae: ovenbirds
                       member:  #ovenbird  small brownish South American birds that build oven-shaped clay nests
                 member:  #family_Formicariidae__Formicariidae  antbirds
                    member:  #antbird__ant_bird__antbird  any of various dull-colored South American birds that feeding on ants some following army ant swarms
                    member:  #genus_Formicarius__Formicarius  type genus of the Formicariidae
                       member:  #ant_thrush__antthrush  a kind of antbird
                    member:  #genus_Thamnophilus__Thamnophilus  a genus of Formicariidae
                       member:  #ant_shrike__antshrike  antbirds superficially resembling shrikes
                    member:  #genus_Hylophylax__Hylophylax  a genus of Formicariidae
                       member:  #spotted_antbird__spottedantbird__Hylophylax_naevioides  a kind of antbird
                 member:  #family_Dendrocolaptidae__Dendrocolaptidae  woodhewers or woodcreepers
                    member:  #genus_Dendrocolaptes__Dendrocolaptes  type genus of the Dendrocolaptidae
                    member:  #woodhewer__woodcreeper__tree_creeper  any of numerous South and Central American birds with a curved bill and stiffened tail feathers that climb and feed like woodpeckers
              member:  #suborder_Clamatores__Clamatores  used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song: clamatorial birds
              member:  #family_Troglodytidae__Troglodytidae  wrens
                 member:  #jenny_wren__jennywren__wren  and of several small active brown birds of the northern hemisphere with short upright tails; they feed on insects
                 member:  #genus_Troglodytes__Troglodytes  type genus of the Troglodytidae
                    member:  #winter_wren__Troglodytes_troglodytes  small wren of coniferous forests of northern hemisphere
                    member:  #house_wren__housewren__Troglodytes_aedon  common American wren that nests around houses
                 member:  #genus_Cistothorus__Cistothorus  marsh wrens
                    member:  #marsh_wren__marshwren  a wren of the genus Cistothorus that frequents marshes
                 member:  #genus_Salpinctes__Salpinctes  a genus of Troglodytidae
                    member:  #Salpinctes_obsoletus__rock_wren  wren inhabiting badlands and mesa country of western United States and Mexico
                 member:  #genus_Thryothorus__Thryothorus  Carolina wrens
                    member:  #Carolina_wren__Thryothorus_ludovicianus  large United States wren with a musical call
                 member:  #genus_Campylorhynchus__Campylorhynchus__Heleodytes__genus_Heleodytes  alternative classifications for the cactus wrens
                    member:  #cactus_wren  large harsh-voiced American wren of arid regions of the United States southwest and Mexico
           member:  #order_Raptores__Raptores  term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes
           member:  #order_Falconiformes__Falconiformes  chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures
              member:  #family_Accipitridae__Accipitridae  hawks; Old World vultures; kites; harriers; eagles
                 member:  #hawk  diurnal bird of prey typically having short rounded wings and a long tail
                 member:  #genus_Accipiter__Accipiter  type genus of the family Accipitridae
                    member:  #goshawk__Accipiter_gentilis  large hawk of Eurasia and North America used in falconry
                    member:  #Accipiter_nisus__sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk  small hawk of Eurasia and North Africa
                    member:  #Cooper's_hawk__blue_darter__Accipiter_cooperii  bluish-gray North American hawk having a darting flight
                 member:  #genus_Buteo__Buteo  broad-winged soaring hawks
                    member:  #buteonine  any hawk of the genus Buteo
                    member:  #redtail__redtailedhawk__Buteo_jamaicensis  dark brown American hawk species having a reddish-brown tail
                    member:  #rough-legged_hawk__roughleg__Buteo_lagopus  large hawk of the northern hemisphere that feeds chiefly on small rodents and is beneficial to farmers
                    member:  #red-shouldered_hawk__Buteo_lineatus  North American hawk with reddish brown shoulders
                    member:  #buzzard__Buteo_buteo  the common European short-winged hawk
                 member:  #genus_Pernis__Pernis  a common European bird of prey; dull brown with white-streaked underparts
                    member:  #honey_buzzard__honeybuzzard__Pernis_apivorus  Old World hawk that feeds on bee larvae and small rodents and reptiles
                 member:  #kite  any of several small graceful hawks of the family Accipitridae having long pointed wings and feeding on insects and small animals
                 member:  #genus-Milvus__Milvus  a genus including the common European kits
                 member:  #genus_Elanoides__Elanoides  a genus of kites
                    member:  #swallow-tailed_kite__swallow-tailed_hawk__Elanoides_forficatus  graceful North American black-and-white kite
                 member:  #genus_Elanus__Elanus  a genus of small kites of both Old and New Worlds
                    member:  #white-tailed_kite__Elanus_leucurus  gray-and-white American kite of warm and tropical regions
                 member:  #genus_Circus__Circus  a genus of haws comprising the harriers
                    member:  #harrier  hawks that hunt over meadows and marshes and prey on small terrestrial animals
                    member:  #marsh_harrier__marshharrier__Circus_Aeruginosus  Old World harrier frequenting marshy regions
                    member:  #Montagu's_harrier__Circus_pygargus  brownish European harrier
                    member:  #marsh_hawk__marshhawk__northern_harrier__hen_harrier__henharrier__Circus_cyaneus  common harrier of North America and Europe; nests in marshes and open land
                 member:  #genus_Circaetus__Circaetus  Harrier eagles
                    member:  #harrier_eagle__harriereagle__short-toed_eagle  any of numerous large Old Wold hawks intermediate in some respects between typical hawks and typical eagles
                 member:  #bird_of_Jove__eagle  any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight
                 member:  #genus_Harpia__Harpia  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #harpy_eagle__harpyeagle__harpy__Harpia_harpyja  large black-and-white crested eagle of tropical America
                 member:  #genus_Aquila__Aquila  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #golden_eagle__Aquila_chrysaetos  large eagle of mountainous regions of the northern hemisphere having a golden-brown head and neck
                    member:  #tawny_eagle__tawnyeagle__Aquila_rapax  brownish eagle of Africa and parts of Asia
                 member:  #genus_Haliaeetus__Haliaeetus  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #bald_eagle__American_eagle__Haliaeetus_leucocephalus  large North American eagle having a white head and dark wings and body
                    member:  #sea_eagle__seaeagle  any of various large eagles that usually feed on fish
                 member:  #Old_World_vulture  any of several large vultures of Africa and Eurasia
                 member:  #genus_Gyps__Gyps  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #griffon_vulture__griffonvulture__griffon__Gyps_fulvus  large vulture of southern Europe and northern Africa having pale plumage with black wings
                 member:  #genus_Gypaetus__Gypaetus  in some classifications the type genus of the family Aegypiidae
                 member:  #genus_Neophron__Neophron  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #Egyptian_vulture__Pharaoh's_chicken__Neophron_percnopterus  small mostly white vulture of Africa and southern Eurasia
                 member:  #genus_Aegypius__Aegypius  a genus of Accipitridae
                    member:  #Aegypius_monachus__black_vulture__blackvulture  of southern Eurasia and northern Africa
              member:  #family_Falconidae__Falconidae  a family of birds of the order Falconiformes
                 member:  #falcon  diurnal birds of prey having long pointed powerful wings adapted for swift flight
                 member:  #genus_Falco__Falco  a genus of Falconidae
                    member:  #peregrine_falcon__peregrinefalcon__Falco_peregrinus  a widely distributed falcon formerly used in falconry
                    member:  #gyrfalcon__gerfalcon__Falco_rusticolus  large and rare arctic falcon having white and dark color phases
                    member:  #Falco_tinnunculus__kestrel  small Old World falcon that hovers in the air against a wind
                    member:  #sparrow_hawk__sparrowhawk__americankestrel__kestrel__Falco_sparverius  small North American falcon
                    member:  #pigeon_hawk__merlin__Falco_columbarius  small falcon of Europe and America having dark plumage with black-barred tail; used in falconry
                    member:  #Falco_subbuteo__hobby  small Old World falcon formerly trained and flown at small birds
                 member:  #genus_Polyborus__Polyborus  a genus of Falconidae
                    member:  #Audubon's_caracara__Polyborus_cheriway_audubonii  widespread from southern United States to Central America; rusty black with black-and-white breast and tail
                    member:  #carancha__Polyborus_plancus  South American caracara
              member:  #family_Pandionidae__Pandionidae  ospreys
                 member:  #genus_Pandion__Pandion  type genus of the Pandionidae
                    member:  #osprey__fish_hawk__fish_eagle__sea_eagle__seaeagle__Pandion_haliaetus  large harmless hawk found worldwide that feeds on fish and builds a bulky nest often occupied for years
              member:  #family_Sagittariidae__Sagittariidae  secretary birds
                 member:  #genus_Sagittarius__Sagittarius  type family of the Sagittariidae
                    member:  #secretary_bird__secretarybird__Sagittarius_serpentarius  large long-legged African bird of prey that feeds on reptiles
              member:  #family_Cathartidae__Cathartidae  condors; turkey buzzards; king vultures
                 member:  #New_World_vulture__cathartid  large birds of prey superficially similar to Old World vultures
                 member:  #genus_Cathartes__Cathartes  type genus of the Cathartidae: turkey vultures
                    member:  #turkey_buzzard__buzzard__turkey_vulture__Cathartes_aura  common in South and Central America and southern United States
                 member:  #genus_Vultur__Vultur  usually restricted to the Andean condor
                    member:  #Andean_condor__Vultur_gryphus  large vulture of the high Andes having black plumage and white neck ruff
                 member:  #genus_Gymnogyps__Gymnogyps  containing solely the California condor
                 member:  #genus_Coragyps__Coragyps  a genus of Cathartidae
                    member:  #black_vulture__blackvulture__carrion_crow__carrioncrow__Coragyps_atratus  American vulture smaller than the turkey buzzard
                 member:  #genus_Sarcorhamphus__Sarcorhamphus  usually containing only the king vulture
                    member:  #king_vulture__Sarcorhamphus_papa  large black-and-white vulture of South and Central America have colorful wattles and wartlike protuberances on head and neck
           member:  #young_bird__youngbird  a bird that is still young
           member:  #order_Strigiformes__Strigiformes  owls
              member:  #owl__bird_of_Minerva__bird_of_night__hooter  nocturnal bird of prey with hawk-like beak and claws and large head with front-facing eyes
              member:  #family_Strigidae__Strigidae  a family of nocturnal birds of the order Strigiformes
                 member:  #genus_Athene__Athene  a genus of Strigidae
                    member:  #little_owl__Athene_noctua  small European owl
                 member:  #genus_Bubo__Bubo  a genus of Strigidae
                    member:  #horned_owl  large owls having prominent ear tufts
                 member:  #genus_Strix__Strix  owls lacking ear tufts
                    member:  #great_gray_owl__Strix_nebulosa  large dish-faced owl of northern North America and western Eurasia
                    member:  #tawny_owl__tawnyowl__Strix_aluco  reddish-brown European owl having a round head with black eyes
                    member:  #barred_owl__Strix_varia  large owl of eastern North America having its breast and abdomen streaked with brown
                 member:  #genus_Otus__Otus  a genus of Strigidae
                    member:  #Otus_asio__screech_owl__screechowl  small North American owl having hornlike tufts of feathers
                    member:  #scops_owl__scopsowl  any of several small owls having ear tufts and a whistling call
                 member:  #genus_Surnia__Surnia  a genus of hawk-like owls
                    member:  #hawk_owl__Surnia_ulula  gray-and-white diurnal hawk-like owl of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
                 member:  #genus_Asio__Asio  a genus of European owls
                    member:  #long-eared_owl__Asio_otus  slender European owl of coniferous forests with long ear tufts
                 member:  #genus_Sceloglaux__Sceloglaux  a genus of Strigidae
                    member:  #laughing_owl__laughing_jackass__Sceloglaux_albifacies  almost extinct owl of New Zealand
              member:  #family_Tytonidae__Tytonidae  comprising only the barn owls
                 member:  #genus_Tyto__Tyto  type and only genus of the family Tytonidae
                    member:  #barn_owl__Tyto_alba  mottled buff and white owl often inhabiting barns and other structures; important in rodent control
           member:  #order_Galliformes__Galliformes  pheasants; turkeys; grouse; partridges; quails; chickens; brush turkeys; curassows; hoatzins
              member:  #gallinaceous_bird__gallinaceon  heavy-bodied largely ground-feeding domestic or game birds
              member:  #family_Meleagrididae__Meleagrididae  turkeys and some extinct forms
                 member:  #genus_Meleagris__Meleagris  type genus of the Meleagrididae: wild and domestic turkeys
                    member:  #Meleagris_gallopavo__turkey  large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food
                 member:  #genus_Agriocharis__Agriocharis  a genus of birds of the family Meleagrididae including the ocellated turkey
                    member:  #ocellated_turkey__ocellatedturkey__agriocharisocellata  wild turkey of Central and northern South America
              member:  #family_Tetraonidae__Tetraonidae  grouse
                 member:  #grouse  popular game bird having a plump body and feathered legs and feet
                 member:  #genus_Lyrurus__Lyrurus  black grouse
                    member:  #black_grouse__blackgrouse  grouse of which the male is bluish-black
                 member:  #genus_Lagopus__Lagopus  ptarmigans
                    member:  #ptarmigan  large arctic and subarctic grouse with feathered feet and usually white winter plumage
                 member:  #genus_Tetrao__Tetrao  type genus of the Tetraonidae: capercaillies
                    member:  #capercaillie__capercailzie__horse_of_the_wood__Tetrao_urogallus  large black Old World grouse
                 member:  #genus_Canachites__Canachites  spruce grouse
                    member:  #spruce_grouse__Canachites_canadensis  North American grouse that feeds on evergreen buds and needles
                 member:  #genus_Centrocercus__Centrocercus  sage grouse
                    member:  #sage_grouse__sage_hen__Centrocercus_urophasianus  large grouse of sagebrush regions of North America
                 member:  #genus_Bonasa__Bonasa  ruffed grouse
                    member:  #ruffed_grouse__partridge__Bonasa_umbellus  valued as a game bird in eastern United States and Canada
                 member:  #genus_Pedioecetes__Pedioecetes  sharp-tailed grouse
                 member:  #genus_Tympanuchus__Tympanuchus  prairie chickens
                    member:  #prairie_chicken__prairiechicken__prairie_grouse__prairiegrouse__prairie_fowl__prairiefowl  brown mottled North American grouse of western prairies
              member:  #family_Cracidae__Cracidae  curassows; guans; chachalacas
                 member:  #guan  any of several large turkey-like game birds of the family Cracidae; native to jungles of tropical America; resembling the curassows and valued as food
                 member:  #genus_Crax__Crax  type genus of the Cracidae: curassows
                    member:  #curassow  large crested arboreal game bird of warm parts of the Americas having long legs and tails; highly esteemed as game and food
                 member:  #genus_Penelope__Penelope  a genus of guans (turkey-like arboreal birds valued as game and food birds)
                 member:  #genus_Pipile__Pipile  genus of large crested guans (the piping guans)
                    member:  #piping_guan  a kind of guan
                 member:  #genus_Ortalis__Ortalis  chachalacas
                    member:  #chachalaca  slender arboreal guan resembling a wild turkey; native to Central America and Mexico; highly regarded as game birds
                    member:  #Texas_chachalaca__Ortilis_vetula_macalli  of Mexico and Texas
              member:  #family_Megapodiidae__Megapodiidae  megapodes
                 member:  #genus-Megapodius__Megapodius  type genus of the Megapodiidae
                 member:  #megapode__moundbird__mound_builder__moundbuilder__scrub_fowl__scrubfowl  large-footed short-winged birds of Australasia; build mounds of decaying vegetation to incubate eggs
                 member:  #genus_Leipoa  mallee fowl
                    member:  #mallee_fowl__leipoa__lowan__Leipoa_ocellata  Australian moundbird; incubates eggs naturally in sandy mounds
                 member:  #genus_Alectura__Alectura  brush turkeys
                    member:  #brush_turkey__brushturkey__Alectura_lathami  black megapode of wooded regions of Australia and New Guinea
                 member:  #genus_Macrocephalon__Macrocephalon  maleos
                    member:  #Macrocephalon_maleo__maleo  Celebes megapode that lays eggs in holes in sandy beaches
              member:  #family_Phasianidae__Phasianidae  pheasants; quails; partridges
                 member:  #genus_Gallus__Gallus  common domestic birds and related forms
                    member:  #domestic_fowl__fowl__poultry  a domesticated gallinaceous bird though to be descended from the red jungle fowl
                    member:  #jungle_fowl__gallina  small Asiatic wild bird; believed to be ancestral to domestic fowl
                 member:  #phasianid  a kind of game bird in the family Phasianidae
                 member:  #genus_Phasianus__Phasianus  type genus of the Phasianidae: the typical pheasants
                    member:  #pheasant  large long-tailed gallinaceous bird native to the Old World but introduced elsewhere
                    member:  #ring-necked_pheasant__Phasianus_colchicus  common pheasant having bright plumage and a white neck ring
                 member:  #genus_Afropavo  Congo peafowl
                 member:  #genus_Argusianus__Argusianus  argus pheasants
                    member:  #argus_pheasant__arguspheasant__argus__argu  large brilliantly patterned East Indian pheasant
                 member:  #genus_Chrysolophus__Chrysolophus  golden pheasants
                    member:  #golden_pheasant__Chrysolophus_pictus  brightly colored crested pheasant of mountains of western and central Asia
                 member:  #genus_Colinus__Colinus  New World quail: the bobwhites
                    member:  #bobwhite_quail__bobwhite__partridge  a popular North American game bird; named for its call
                 member:  #genus_Coturnix__Coturnix  Old World quail
                    member:  #Old_World_quail  small game bird with a rounded body and small tail
                 member:  #genus_Lophophorus__Lophophorus  monals
                    member:  #monal__monaul  brilliantly colored south Asian pheasant
                 member:  #genus_Odontophorus__Odontophorus  genus of Central and South American crested partridges resembling quails; sometimes placed in a distinct subfamily or isolated in a distinct family
                 member:  #genus_Pavo__Pavo  peafowl
                    member:  #peafowl__bird_of_Juno  very large terrestrial southeast Asian pheasant often raised as an ornamental bird
                 member:  #genus_Lofortyx__Lofortyx  California quail
                 member:  #genus_Tragopan  a genus of Phasianidae
                    member:  #tragopan  brilliantly colored Asian pheasant having wattles and two fleshy processes on the head
                 member:  #subfamily_Perdicidae__Perdicidae__Perdicinae__subfamily_Perdicinae  Old World partridges
                    member:  #partridge  small Old World gallinaceous game birds
                    member:  #genus_Perdix__Perdix  a genus of Perdicinae
                       member:  #Hungarian_partridge__gray_partridge__Perdix_perdix  common European partridge
                    member:  #genus_Alectoris__Alectoris  a genus of Perdicidae
                       member:  #red-legged_partridge__Alectoris_ruffa  common western European partridge with red legs
                       member:  #Greek_partridge__rock_partridge__Alectoris_graeca  of mountainous areas of southern Europe
                    member:  #genus_Oreortyx__Oreortyx  mountain quail of western United States
                       member:  #mountain_quail__mountain_partridge__Oreortyx_picta_palmeri  California partridge; slightly larger than the California quail
                 member:  #subfamily_Numididae__Numididae__Numidinae__subfamily_Numidinae  guinea fowl and related birds of Africa and Madagascar
                    member:  #genus_Numida__Numida  guinea fowl
                       member:  #guinea_fowl__guinea__Numida_meleagris  W African bird having dark plumage mottled with white; native to Africa but raised for food in many parts of the world
              member:  #family_Opisthocomidae__Opisthocomidae  comprising the hoatzins
                 member:  #genus_Opisthocomus__Opisthocomus  type genus of the Opisthocomidae: hoatzins
                    member:  #hoatzin__hoactzin__stinkbird__Opisthocomus_hoazin  crested ill-smelling South American bird whose young have claws on the first and second digits of the wings
           member:  #order_Columbiformes__Columbiformes  sand grouse; pigeons; doves; extinct dodos and solitaires
              member:  #columbiform_bird__columbiformbird  cosmopolitan order of land birds having small heads and short legs with four unwebbed toes
              member:  #family_Raphidae__Raphidae  extinct dodos and solitaires
                 member:  #genus_Raphus__Raphus  type genus of the Raphidae: dodos
                    member:  #Raphus_cucullatus__dodo  extinct heavy flightless bird of Mauritius related to pigeons
                 member:  #genus_Pezophaps__Pezophaps  constituted by the extinct solitaire
                    member:  #Pezophaps_solitaria__solitaire  extinct flightless bird related to the dodo
              member:  #family_Columbidae__Columbidae  doves and pigeons
                 member:  #pigeon  wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs
                 member:  #genus_Columba__Columba  type genus of the Columbidae: typical pigeons
                    member:  #rock_dove__rock_pigeon__Columba_livia  pale gray Eurasian pigeon having black-striped wings from which most domestic species are descended
                    member:  #band-tailed_pigeon__band-tail_pigeon__bandtail__Columba_fasciata  wild pigeon of western North America; often mistaken for the now extinct passenger pigeon
                    member:  #wood_pigeon__ringdove__cushat__Columba_palumbus  Eurasian pigeon with white patches on wings and neck
                 member:  #genus_Streptopelia__Streptopelia  turtledoves
                    member:  #turtledove  any of several Old World wild doves
                 member:  #genus_Stictopelia__Stictopelia  a genus of Columbidae
                    member:  #Australian_turtledove__turtledove__Stictopelia_cuneata  small Australian dove
                 member:  #genus_Zenaidura__Zenaidura  mourning doves
                    member:  #mourning_dove__Zenaidura_macroura  wild dove of the United States having a mournful call
                 member:  #genus_Ectopistes__Ectopistes  a genus of Columbidae
                    member:  #passenger_pigeon__passengerpigeon__Ectopistes_migratorius  gregarious North American migratory pigeon now extinct
              member:  #family_Pteroclididae__Pteroclididae  sandgrouses
                 member:  #sandgrouse__sand_grouse  pigeon-like bird of arid regions of the Old World having long pointed wings and tail and precocial downy young
                 member:  #genus_Pterocles__Pterocles  type genus of the Pteroclididae
                    member:  #painted_sandgrouse__paintedsandgrouse__Pterocles_indicus  sandgrouse of India
                    member:  #pin-tailed_sandgrouse__pin-tailed_grouse__Pterocles_alchata  sandgrouse of Europe and Africa having elongated middle tail feathers
                 member:  #genus_Syrrhaptes__Syrrhaptes  a genus of Pteroclididae
                    member:  #pallas's_sandgrouse__Syrrhaptes_paradoxus  Eurasiatic sandgrouse with a black patch on the belly
           member:  #order_Psittaciformes__Psittaciformes  an order of birds including parrots and amazons and cockatoos and lorikeets and lories and macaws and parakeets
              member:  #parrot  usually brightly colored zygodactyl tropical birds with short hooked beaks and the ability to mimic sounds
              member:  #family_Psittacidae__Psittacidae  coextensive with the order Psittaciformes
                 member:  #genus_Psittacus__Psittacus  type genus of the Psittacidae: usually restricted to the African gray
                    member:  #African_gray__Psittacus_erithacus  commonly domesticated gray parrot with red-and-black tail and white face; native to equatorial Africa
                 member:  #genus_Amazona__Amazona  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #amazon  mainly green tropical American parrots
                 member:  #genus_Ara__Ara  macaws
                    member:  #macaw  long-tailed brilliantly colored parrot of Central and South America; among the largest and showiest of parrots
                 member:  #genus_Nestor__Nestor  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #kea__Nestor_notabilis  large brownish-green New Zealand parrot
                 member:  #genus_Kakatoe__Kakatoe__Cacatua__genus_Cacatua  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #cockatoo  white or light-colored crested parrot of the Australian region; often kept as cage birds
                 member:  #genus_Nymphicus__Nymphicus  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #cockateel__cockatiel__cockatooparrot__Nymphicus_hollandicus  small gray Australian parrot with a yellow crested head
                 member:  #genus_Agapornis__Agapornis  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #lovebird  small African parrot noted for showing affection for their mates
                 member:  #subfamily_Loriinae__Loriinae  lories
                    member:  #lory  small brightly colored Australasian parrots having a brush-tipped tongue for feeding on nectar and soft fruits
                    member:  #genus_Glossopsitta__Glossopsitta  a genus of Loriinae
                       member:  #varied_Lorikeet__Glossopsitta_versicolor  lorikeet with a colorful coat
                    member:  #genus_Trichoglossus__Trichoglossus  a genus of Loriinae
                       member:  #rainbow_lorikeet__rainbowlorikeet__Trichoglossus_moluccanus  a kind of lorikeet
                 member:  #genus_Conuropsis__Conuropsis  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #Carolina_parakeet__Conuropsis_carolinensis  extinct parakeet whose range extended far into the United States
                 member:  #genus_Melopsittacus__Melopsittacus  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #budgerigar__budgereegah__budgie__grass_parakeet__grassparakeet__lovebird__shell_parakeet__shellparakeet__Melopsittacus_undulatus  small Australian parakeet usually light green with black and yellow markings in the wild but bred in many colors
                 member:  #genus_Psittacula__Psittacula  a genus of Psittacidae
                    member:  #ring-necked_parakeet__Psittacula_krameri  African parakeet
           member:  #order_Cuculiformes__Cuculiformes  cuckoos; touracos; etc.
              member:  #cuculiform_bird  birds having zygodactyl feet (except for the touracos)
              member:  #family_Cuculidae__Cuculidae  includes cuckoo; ani; roadrunner
                 member:  #cuckoo  any of numerous European and North American birds having pointed wings and a long tail
                 member:  #genus_Cuculus__Cuculus  type genus of the Cuculidae
                    member:  #European_cuckoo__Cuculus_canorus  common European cuckoo having a distinctive two-note call; lays eggs in the nests of other birds
                 member:  #genus_Coccyzus__Coccyzus  a genus of Cuculidae
                    member:  #black-billed_cuckoo__Coccyzus_erythropthalmus  North American cuckoo; builds a nest and rears its own young
                 member:  #genus_Geococcyx__Geococcyx  roadrunners
                    member:  #roadrunner__chaparral_cock__chaparralcock__Geococcyx_californianus  speedy largely terrestrial bird found from California and Mexico to Texas
                 member:  #genus_Crotophaga__Crotophaga  ani
                    member:  #ani  black tropical American cuckoo
                 member:  #genus_Centropus__Centropus  a genus of Cuculidae
                    member:  #coucal  Old World ground-living cuckoo having a long dagger-like hind claw
              member:  #family_Musophagidae__Musophagidae  touracos
                 member:  #genus_Musophaga__Musophaga  type genus of the Musophagidae
                 member:  #touraco__turaco__turacou__turakoo  large brightly crested bird of Africa
           member:  #order_Coraciiformes__Coraciiformes  rollers; kingfishers; hornbills; hoopoes; motmots; bee eaters; todies
              member:  #coraciiform_bird__coraciiformbird  chiefly short-legged arboreal nonpasserine birds that nest in holes
              member:  #family_Coraciidae__Coraciidae  rollers
                 member:  #roller.coraciiform_bird  Old World bird that tumbles or rolls in flight; related to kingfishers
                 member:  #genus_Coracias__Coracias  type genus of the Coraciidae
                    member:  #European_roller__Coracias_garrulus  common European blue-and-green roller with a reddish-brown back
              member:  #family_Alcedinidae__Alcedinidae  kingfishers
                 member:  #kingfisher  nonpasserine large-headed bird with a short tail and long sharp bill; usually crested and bright-colored; feed mostly on fish
                 member:  #genus_Alcedo__Alcedo  type genus of the Alcedinidae
                    member:  #Eurasian_kingfisher__Alcedo_atthis  small kingfisher with greenish-blue and orange plumage
                 member:  #genus_Ceryle__Ceryle  a genus of birds of the family Alcedinidae
                    member:  #belted_kingfisher__Ceryle_alcyon  grayish-blue North American kingfisher with a chestnut band on its chest
                 member:  #genus_Dacelo__Dacelo  Australasian kingfishers
                    member:  #kookaburra__laughing_jackass__Dacelo_gigas  Australian kingfisher having a loud cackling cry
              member:  #family_Meropidae__Meropidae  bee-eaters
                 member:  #genus_Merops__Merops  type genus of the Meropidae
                 member:  #bee_eater__beeeater  colorful chiefly tropical Old World bird having a strong graceful flight; feeds on especially bees
              member:  #family_Bucerotidae__Bucerotidae  hornbills
                 member:  #genus_Buceros__Buceros  type genus of the family Bucerotidae
                 member:  #hornbill  bird of tropical Africa and Asia having a very large bill surmounted by a bony protuberance; related to kingfishers
              member:  #family_Upupidae__Upupidae  hoopoes
                 member:  #genus_Upupa__Upupa  type genus of the Upupidae
                    member:  #Euopean_hoopoe__Upupa_epops  pinkish-brown hoopoe with black-and-white wings
                 member:  #hoopoe__hoopoo  any of several crested Old World birds with a slender down-curving bill
              member:  #family_Phoeniculidae__Phoeniculidae  wood hoopoes
                 member:  #genus_Phoeniculus__Phoeniculus  type and only genus of the family Phoeniculidae
                    member:  #wood_hoopoe  tropical African bird having metallic blackish plumage but no crest
              member:  #family_Momotidae__Momotidae  a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
                 member:  #genus_Momotus__Momotus  type genus of the Momotidae
                 member:  #motmot__momot  tropical American bird resembling a blue jay and having greenish and bluish plumage
              member:  #family_Todidae__Todidae  a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
                 member:  #genus_Todus__Todus  type genus of the Todidae
                    member:  #tody  tiny insectivorous West Indian bird having red-and-green plumage and a long straight bill
           member:  #order_Picariae__Picariae  term used in some classifications as nearly equivalent to the order Coraciiformes
           member:  #order_Apodiformes__Apodiformes  swifts; hummingbirds
              member:  #apodiform_bird__apodiformbird  nonpasserine bird having long wings and weak feet; spends much of its time in flight
              member:  #family_Apodidae__Apodidae  swifts; in former classifications included in the order Coraciiformes
                 member:  #swift  small plain-colored bird that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight
                 member:  #genus_Apus__Apus  type genus
                    member:  #European_swift__Apus_apus  common European bird with a shrieking call that nests chiefly about eaves of buildings or on cliffs
                 member:  #genus_Chateura__Chateura  a genus of Apodidae
                    member:  #chimney_swift__chimney_swallow__chimneyswallow__Chateura_pelagica  American swift that nests in e.g. unused chimneys
                 member:  #genus_Collocalia__Collocalia  a genus of Apodidae
                    member:  #swiftlet__Collocalia_inexpectata  swift of eastern Asia; produces the edible bird's nest
              member:  #family_Hemiprocnidae__Hemiprocnidae  tree swifts
                 member:  #tree_swift__crested_swift__crestedswift  birds of southeast Asia and East Indies differing from true swifts in having upright crests and nesting in trees
              member:  #family_Trochilidae__Trochilidae  hummingbirds
                 member:  #hummingbird  tiny American bird having brilliant iridescent plumage and long slender bills; wings are specialized for vibrating flight
                 member:  #genus_Archilochus__Archilochus  a genus of Trochilidae
                    member:  #Archilochus_colubris  a kind of hummingbird
                 member:  #genus_Chalcostigma__Chalcostigma  thornbills
                    member:  #thornbill  any of various South American hummingbirds with a sharp pointed bill
                 member:  #genus_Ramphomicron__Ramphomicron  thornbills
                    member:  #thornbill  any of various South American hummingbirds with a sharp pointed bill
           member:  #order_Caprimulgiformes__Caprimulgiformes  goatsuckers; frogmouths; oilbirds
              member:  #caprimulgiform_bird  long-winged nonpasserine birds
              member:  #family_Caprimulgidae__Caprimulgidae  goatsuckers
                 member:  #goatsucker__nightjar__caprimulgid  mainly crepuscular or nocturnal nonpasserine birds with mottled grayish-brown plumage and large eyes; feed on insects
                 member:  #genus_Caprimulgus__Caprimulgus  type genus of the Caprimulgidae
                    member:  #European_goatsucker__European_nightjar__Caprimulgus_europaeus  Old World goatsucker
                    member:  #chuck-will's-widow__Caprimulgus_carolinensis  large whippoorwill-like bird of the southern United States
                    member:  #whippoorwill__Caprimulgus_vociferus  American nocturnal goatsucker with gray-and-white plumage
                 member:  #genus_Chordeiles__Chordeiles  a genus of Caprimulgidae
                    member:  #nighthawk__bullbat__mosquito_hawk  mainly nocturnal North American goatsucker
                 member:  #genus_Phalaenoptilus__Phalaenoptilus  a genus of Caprimulgidae
                    member:  #poorwill__Phalaenoptilus_nuttallii  goatsucker of western North America
              member:  #family_Podargidae__Podargidae  frogmouths
                 member:  #genus_Podargus__Podargus  type genus of the Podargidae
                 member:  #frogmouth  insectivorous bird of Australia and southeastern Asia having a wide frog-like mouth
              member:  #family_Steatornithidae__Steatornithidae  oilbirds
                 member:  #genus_Steatornis__Steatornis  type and sole genus of the family Steatornithidae
                    member:  #oilbird__guacharo__Steatornis_caripensis  nocturnal fruit-eating bird of South America that has fatty young yielding an oil that is used instead of butter
           member:  #order_Piciformes__Piciformes  woodpeckers; jacamars; puffbirds; barbets; honey guides; toucans
              member:  #piciform_bird  any of numerous nonpasserine insectivorous climbing birds usually having strong bills for boring wood
              member:  #family_Picidae__Picidae  woodpeckers
                 member:  #woodpecker__peckerwood__pecker  bird with strong claws and a stiff tail adapted for climbing and a hard chisel-like bill for boring into wood for insects
                 member:  #genus_Picus__Picus  type genus of Picidae
                    member:  #green_woodpecker__greenwoodpecker__Picus_viridis  woodpecker of Europe and western Asia
                 member:  #genus_Picoides__Picoides  a genus of Picidae
                 member:  #genus_Colaptes__Colaptes  a genus of Picidae
                    member:  #flicker  North American woodpecker
                 member:  #genus_Campephilus__Campephilus  a genus of Picidae
                    member:  #ivorybill__ivory-billed_woodpecker__Campephilus_principalis  large black-and-white woodpecker of southern United States and Cuba having an ivory bill; nearly extinct
                 member:  #genus_Melanerpes__Melanerpes  a genus of Picidae
                    member:  #redheaded_woodpecker__redheadedwoodpecker__redhead__melanerpeserythrocephalu  black-and-white North American woodpecker having a red head and neck
                 member:  #genus_Sphyrapicus__Sphyrapicus  a genus of Picidae
                    member:  #sapsucker  small American woodpecker that feeds on sap from e.g. apple and maple trees
                 member:  #genus_Jynx__Jynx  wrynecks
                    member:  #wryneck  Old World woodpecker with a peculiar habit of twisting the neck
                 member:  #genus_Picumnus__Picumnus  a genus of Picidae
                    member:  #piculet  small woodpeckers of South America and Africa and East Indies having soft rounded tail feathers
              member:  #family_Capitonidae__Capitonidae  barbets
                 member:  #barbet  small brightly colored stout-billed tropical bird having short weak wings
              member:  #family_Bucconidae__Bucconidae  puffbirds
                 member:  #puffbird  brownish tropical American bird having a large head with fluffed out feathers
              member:  #family_Indicatoridae__Indicatoridae  honey guides
                 member:  #honey_guide__honeyguide  small bird of tropical Africa and Asia; feeds on beeswax and honey and larvae
              member:  #family_Galbulidae__Galbulidae  jacamars
                 member:  #jacamar  tropical American insectivorous bird having a long sharp bill and iridescent green or bronze plumage
              member:  #family_Ramphastidae__Ramphastidae  toucans
                 member:  #toucan  brilliantly colored arboreal fruit-eating bird of tropical America having a very large thin-walled beak
                 member:  #genus_Aulacorhyncus__Aulacorhyncus  a genus of Ramphastidae
                    member:  #toucanet  small toucan
           member:  #order_Trogoniformes__Trogoniformes  trogons
              member:  #family_Trogonidae__Trogonidae  coextensive with the order Trogoniformes
                 member:  #genus_Trogon  type genus of the Trogonidae
                 member:  #trogon  forest bird of warm regions of the New World having brilliant lustrous plumage and long tails
                 member:  #genus_Pharomacrus__Pharomacrus  a genus of Trogonidae
                    member:  #quetzal_bird__quetzalbird__quetzal  large trogon of Central and South America having golden-green and scarlet plumage
           member:  #order_Anseriformes__Anseriformes  ducks; geese; swans; screamers
              member:  #anseriform_bird  chiefly web-footed swimming birds
              member:  #family_Anatidae__Anatidae  swimming birds having heavy short-legged bodies and bills with a horny tip: swans; geese; ducks
                 member:  #duck  small wild or domesticated web-footed broad-billed swimming bird usually having a depressed body and short legs
                 member:  #genus_Anas__Anas  type genus of the Anatidae: freshwater ducks
                    member:  #mallard__Anas_platyrhynchos  wild dabbling duck from which domestic ducks are descended; widely distributed
                    member:  #black_duck__blackduck__Anas_rubripes  dusky black duck of northeastern United States and Canada
                    member:  #teal  any of various small short-necked dabbling river ducks of Europe and America
                    member:  #widgeon__wigeon__Anas_penelope  freshwater duck of Eurasia and North Africa related to mallards and teals
                    member:  #Anas_clypeata__shoveler__shoveller__broadbill  freshwater duck of the northern hemisphere having a broad flat bill
                    member:  #pintail__pin-tailed_duck__Anas_acuta  long-necked river duck of the Old and New Worlds having elongated central tail feathers
                 member:  #genus_Tadorna__Tadorna  sheldrakes
                    member:  #sheldrake  Old World gooselike duck slightly larger than a mallard with variegated mostly black-and-white plumage and a red bill
                 member:  #genus_Oxyura__Oxyura  ruddy duck
                    member:  #ruddy_duck__ruddyduck__oxyurajamaicensi  reddish-brown stiff-tailed duck of North America and and northern South America
                 member:  #genus_Bucephala__Bucephala  buffleheads and goldeneyes
                    member:  #bufflehead__butterball__dipper__Bucephela_albeola  small North American diving duck; males have bushy head plumage
                    member:  #goldeneye__whistler__Bucephela_clangula  large-headed swift-flying diving duck of arctic regions
                 member:  #genus_Aythya__Aythya  canvasback; redhead; pochard; etc.
                    member:  #canvasback_duck__canvasback__Aythya_valisineria  North American wild duck valued for sport and food
                    member:  #pochard__Aythya_ferina  heavy-bodied Old World diving duck having a gray-and-black body and reddish head
                    member:  #Aythya_americana__redhead  North American diving duck with a gray-and-black body and reddish-brown head
                    member:  #scaup_duck__scaupduck__bluebill__broadbill  diving ducks of North America having a bluish-gray bill
                 member:  #genus_Aix__Aix  wood duck and mandarin duck
                    member:  #wood_duck__summer_duck__wood_widgeon__Aix_sponsa  showy North American duck that nests in hollow trees
                    member:  #mandarin_duck__Aix_galericulata  showy crested Asiatic duck; often domesticated
                 member:  #genus_Cairina__Cairina  a genus of Anatidae
                    member:  #muscovy_duck__muscovyduck__muskduck__Cairina_moschata  large crested wild duck of Central and South America; widely domesticated
                 member:  #genus_Somateria__Somateria  eider ducks
                    member:  #eider_duck__eiderduck  duck of the northern hemisphere much valued for the fine soft down of the females
                 member:  #genus_Melanitta__Melanitta  scoters
                    member:  #scoter__scooter  large black diving duck of northern parts of the northern hemisphere
                 member:  #subfamily_Merginae__Merginae  mergansers and closely related diving birds
                    member:  #genus_Mergus__Mergus  mergansers
                       member:  #merganser__fish_duck__sawbill  large crested fish-eating diving duck having a slender hooked bill with serrated edges
                       member:  #goosander__Mergus_merganser  common merganser of Europe and North America
                       member:  #American_merganser__Mergus_merganser_americanus  common North American diving duck considered a variety of the European goosander
                       member:  #red-breasted_merganser__Mergus_serrator  widely distributed merganser of America and Europe
                       member:  #smew__Mergus_albellus  smallest merganser and most expert diver; found in northern Eurasia
                    member:  #genus_Lophodytes__Lophodytes  a genus of Merginae
                       member:  #hooded_merganser__hooded_sheldrake__Lophodytes_cucullatus  small North American duck with a high circular crest on the male's head
                 member:  #goose  web-footed long-necked typically gregarious migratory aquatic birds usually larger and less aquatic than ducks
                 member:  #genus_Anser__Anser  typical geese
                    member:  #Chinese_goose__Anser_cygnoides  very large wild goose of northeast Asia; interbreeds freely with the graylag
                    member:  #graylag__greylag__greylag_goose__greylaggoose__Anser_anser  common gray wild goose of Europe; ancestor of many domestic breeds
                    member:  #subgenus_Chen__Chen  wild goose having white adult plumage
                       member:  #blue_goose__Chen_caerulescens  North American wild goose having dark plumage in summer but white in winter
                 member:  #genus_Branta__Branta  wild geese
                    member:  #brant_goose__brantgoose__brant__brent__brent_goose__brentgoose  small dark geese that breed in the north and migrate southward
                    member:  #Canada_goose__honker__Canadian_goose__Branta_canadensis  common grayish-brown wild goose of North America
                    member:  #barnacle_goose__barnacle__Branta_leucopsis  European goose smaller than the brant; breeds in the far north
                 member:  #subfamily_Anserinae__Anserinae  used in some classifications for the swans
                 member:  #genus_Coscoroba  a genus of Anatidae
                    member:  #coscoroba  large white South American bird intermediate in some respects between ducks and swans
                 member:  #swan  stately heavy-bodied aquatic bird with very long neck and usually white plumage as adult
                 member:  #genus_Cygnus__Cygnus  a genus of Anatidae
                    member:  #mute_swan__Cygnus_olor  soundless Eurasian swan; commonly domesticated
                    member:  #whooper_swan__whooperswan__whooper__Cygnus_cygnus  common Old World swan noted for its whooping call
                    member:  #tundra_swan__Cygnus_columbianus  swan that nests in tundra regions of the New and Old Worlds
                    member:  #trumpeter_swan__trumpeterswan__trumpeter__Cygnus_buccinator  large pure white wild swan of western North America having a sonorous cry
                    member:  #black_swan__blackswan__Cygnus_atratus  large Australian swan having black plumage and a red bill
              member:  #suborder_Anseres__Anseres  used in some especially older classifications; coextensive with the family Anatidae
              member:  #family_Anhimidae__Anhimidae  screamers
                 member:  #screamer  gooselike aquatic bird of South America having a harsh trumpeting call
                 member:  #genus_Anhima__Anhima  type genus of the Anhimidae; horned screamers
                    member:  #horned_screamer__Anhima_cornuta  screamer having a hornlike process projecting from the forehead
                 member:  #genus_Chauna__Chauna  crested screamers
                    member:  #crested_screamer__crestedscreamer  distinguished from the horned screamer by a feathery crest on the back of the head
           member:  #order_Ciconiiformes__Ciconiiformes  order of chiefly tropical marsh-dwelling fish-eating wading birds with long legs and bills and (except for flamingos) unwebbed feet: herons; storks; spoonbills; flamingos; ibises
              member:  #family_Ciconiidae__Ciconiidae  storks
                 member:  #stork  large mostly Old World wading birds typically having white-and-black plumage
                 member:  #genus_Ciconia__Ciconia  type genus of the Ciconiidae: European storks
                    member:  #white_stork__whitestork__Ciconia_ciconia  the common stork of Europe; white with black wing feathers and a red bill
                    member:  #black_stork__blackstork__Ciconia_nigra  Old World stork that is glossy black above and white below
                 member:  #genus_Leptoptilus__Leptoptilus  adjutant birds and marabous
                    member:  #adjutant_bird__adjutant__adjutant_stork__Leptoptilus_dubius  large Indian stork with a military gait
                    member:  #marabou_stork__maraboustork__marabou__marabout__Leptoptilus_crumeniferus  large African black-and-white carrion-eating stork; downy under-wing feathers are used to trim garments
                 member:  #genus_Anastomus__Anastomus  openbills
                    member:  #openbill  stork with a grooved bill whose upper and lower parts touch only at the base and tip
                 member:  #genus_Jabiru  jabirus
                    member:  #jabiru__Jabiru_mycteria  large white stork of warm regions of the world especially America
                 member:  #genus_Ephippiorhynchus__Ephippiorhynchus  saddlebills
                    member:  #saddlebill__jabiru__Ephippiorhynchus_senegalensis  large black-and-white stork of tropical Africa; its red bill has a black band around the middle
                 member:  #genus_Xenorhyncus__Xenorhyncus  East Indian and Australian storks
                    member:  #policeman_bird__policemanbird__black-necked_stork__jabiru__Xenorhyncus_asiaticus  large mostly white Australian stork
                 member:  #genus_Mycteria__Mycteria  a genus of storks of the family Ciconiidae now including only the American wood ibis
                    member:  #Mycteria_americana__wood_ibis__wood_stork  American stork resembling the true ibises in having a downward-curved bill; inhabits wooded swamps of New World tropics
              member:  #family_Balaenicipitidae__Balaenicipitidae  shoebills
                 member:  #genus_Balaeniceps__Balaeniceps  type genus of the Balaenicipitidae: shoebills
                    member:  #shoebill__shoebird__Balaeniceps_rex  large stork-like bird of the valley of the White Nile with a broad bill suggesting a wooden shoe
              member:  #family_Threskiornithidae__Threskiornithidae__family_Ibidiidae  ibises
                 member:  #ibis  wading birds of warm regions having long slender down-curved bills
                 member:  #genus_Ibis  ibises
                    member:  #wood_ibis__wood_stork__Ibis_ibis  Old World wood ibis
                 member:  #genus_Threskiornis__Threskiornis  type genus of the Threskiornithidae
                    member:  #sacred_ibis__Threskiornis_aethiopica  African ibis venerated by ancient Egyptians
              member:  #family_Plataleidae__Plataleidae  spoonbills
                 member:  #spoonbill  wading birds having a long flat bill with a tip like a spoon
                 member:  #genus_Platalea__Platalea  type genus of the Plataleidae
                    member:  #common_spoonbill__Platalea_leucorodia  pure white crested spoonbill of southern Eurasia and northeastern Africa
                    member:  #genus_Ajaia__Ajaia  a genus of Platalea
                       member:  #roseate_spoonbill__roseatespoonbill__Ajaia_ajaja  tropical rose-colored New World spoonbill
              member:  #family_Phoenicopteridae__Phoenicopteridae  flamingos
                 member:  #flamingo  large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes
              member:  #family_Ardeidae__Ardeidae  herons; egrets; night herons; bitterns
                 member:  #heron  gray or white wading bird with long neck and long legs and (usually) long bill
                 member:  #genus_Ardea__Ardea  type genus of the Ardeidae: large New and Old World herons
                    member:  #great_blue_heron__Ardea_herodius  large American heron having bluish-gray plumage
                    member:  #Ardea_occidentalis__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron  large white heron of Florida and the Florida Keys
                 member:  #genus_Egretta__Egretta  small Old and New World herons
                    member:  #little_blue_heron__Egretta_caerulea  small bluish gray heron of the western hemisphere
                    member:  #snowy_egret__snowyegret__snowy_heron__snowyheron__Egretta_thula  small New World egret
                    member:  #little_egret__Egretta_garzetta  Old World egret
                    member:  #great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Casmerodius_albus  widely distributed Old World white egret
                    member:  #American_egret__great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Egretta_albus  the common American egret; a variety of the Old World Casmerodius albus
                 member:  #genus_Casmerodius__Casmerodius  white egrets
                    member:  #great_white_heron__greatwhiteheron__Casmerodius_albus  widely distributed Old World white egret
                 member:  #genus_Bubulcus__Bubulcus  small white egrets
                    member:  #cattle_egret__Bubulcus_ibis  small white egret widely distributed in warm regions often found around grazing animals
                 member:  #genus_Nycticorax__Nycticorax  Old World night herons
                    member:  #black-crowned_night_heron__blackcrownednightheron__Nycticorax_nycticorax  night heron of both Old and New Worlds
                 member:  #genus_Nyctanassa__Nyctanassa  American night herons
                    member:  #yellow-crowned_night_heron__Nyctanassa_violacea  North American night heron
                 member:  #genus_Cochlearius__Cochlearius__cochleariu  boatbills
                    member:  #boatbill__boat-billed_heron__broadbill__Cochlearius_cochlearius  tropical American heron related to night herons
                 member:  #genus_Botaurus__Botaurus  bitterns
                    member:  #American_bittern__stake_driver__stakedriver__Botaurus_lentiginosus  a kind of bittern
                    member:  #European_bittern__Botaurus_stellaris  a kind of bittern
                 member:  #genus_Ixobrychus__Ixobrychus  bitterns
                    member:  #least_bittern__leastbittern__Ixobrychus_exilis  small American bittern
           member:  #order_Gruiformes__Gruiformes  inland marsh-dwelling birds with long legs and necks and bills that wade in water in search of food: cranes; rails; bustards
              member:  #family_Gruidae__Gruidae  cranes
                 member:  #crane  large long-necked wading bird of marshes and plains in many parts of the world
                 member:  #genus_Grus__Grus  type genus of the Gruidae: typical cranes
                    member:  #whooping_crane__whooper__Grus_americana  rare North American crane having black-and-white plumage and a trumpeting call
              member:  #genus_Aramus__Aramus  genus of large brown long-billed wading birds found in warm swampy regions of the Western Hemisphere: courlan; limpkin
              member:  #courlan__Aramus_guarauna  wading bird of South and Central America
              member:  #limpkin__Aramus_pictus  wading bird of Florida, Cuba and Jamaica having a drooping bill and a distinctive wailing call
              member:  #family_Cariamidae__Cariamidae  cranelike South American wading birds
                 member:  #genus_Cariama__Cariama  type genus of the Cariamidae comprising only the crested cariama
                    member:  #crested_cariama__crestedcariama__seriema__Cariama_cristata  Brazilian cariama; sole representative of the genus Cariama
                 member:  #genus_Chunga  a genus of Cariamidae
                    member:  #chunga__seriema__Chunga_burmeisteri  Argentinian cariama
              member:  #family_Rallidae__Rallidae  rails; crakes; gallinules; coots
                 member:  #rail.wading_bird  any of numerous widely distributed small wading birds of the family Rallidae having short wings and very long toes for running on soft mud
                 member:  #genus_Gallirallus__Gallirallus  rails of New Zealand
                    member:  #weka__maori_hen__maorihen__wood_hen  flightless New Zealand rail of thievish disposition having short wings each with a spur used in fighting
                 member:  #genus_Crex__Crex  corncrakes
                    member:  #corncrake__land_rail__Crex_crex  common Eurasian rail that frequents grain fields
                 member:  #genus_Porzana__Porzana  spotted crakes
                    member:  #spotted_crake__spottedcrake__Porzana_porzana  Eurasian rail of swamps and marshes
                 member:  #genus_Gallinula__Gallinula  gallinules
                    member:  #gallinule__marsh_hen__marshhen__water_hen__waterhen__swamphen  any of various small aquatic birds of the genus Gallinula distinguished from rails by a frontal shield and a resemblance to domestic hens
                    member:  #Florida_gallinule__Gallinula_chloropus_cachinnans  North American dark bluish-gray gallinule
                    member:  #Gallinula_chloropus__moorhen  black gallinule that inhabits ponds and lakes
                 member:  #genus_Porphyrio__Porphyrio  Old World purple gallinules
                 member:  #genus_Porphyrula__Porphyrula  American purple gallinules
                    member:  #American_gallinule__Porphyrula_martinica  American purple gallinule
                 member:  #genus_Notornis  a genus of Rallidae
                    member:  #notornis__takahe__Notornis_mantelli  flightless New Zealand birds similar to gallinules
                 member:  #genus_Fulica__Fulica  coots
                    member:  #coot  slaty-black slow-flying birds somewhat resembling ducks
                    member:  #American_coot__marsh_hen__marshhen__mud_hen__mudhen__water_hen__waterhen__Fulica_americana  North American coot
                    member:  #Old_World_coot__Fulica_atra  Eurasian coot
              member:  #suborder_Otides__Otides  terrestrial game birds of the Old World and Australia: bustards
              member:  #family_Otididae__Otididae  bustards
                 member:  #bustard  large heavy-bodied chiefly terrestrial game bird capable of powerful swift flight; classified with wading birds but frequents grassy steppes
                 member:  #genus_Otis__Otis  type genus of the Otididae: European bustard
                    member:  #great_bustard__greatbustard__Otis_tarda  largest European land bird
                 member:  #genus_Choriotis__Choriotis  Australian bustard
                    member:  #plain_turkey__plainturkey__Choriotis_australis  popular Australian game bird
              member:  #family_Turnicidae__Turnicidae  small Old World birds resembling but not related to true quail
                 member:  #genus_Turnix__Turnix  type genus of the Turnicidae: button quail
                    member:  #button_quail__bustard_quail__bustardquail__hemipode  small quail-like terrestrial bird of southern Eurasia and North Africa that lacks a hind toe; classified with wading birds but inhabits grassy plains
                    member:  #ortygan  any of several East Indian birds
                 member:  #genus_Pedionomus__Pedionomus  plain wanderer
                    member:  #plain_wanderer__plainwanderer__pedionomustorquatu  small Australian bird related to the button quail; classified as wading bird but inhabits plains
              member:  #family_Psophiidae__Psophiidae  trumpeters
                 member:  #genus_Psophia__Psophia  type genus of the Psophiidae: trumpeters
                    member:  #trumpeter  large gregarious forest-dwelling cranelike bird of South America having glossy black plumage and a loud prolonged cry; easily domesticated
           member:  #order_Charadriiformes__Charadriiformes  large diverse order of aquatic birds found along seacoasts and inland waters: shorebirds and coastal diving birds; most feed on anima life
              member:  #suborder_Charadrii__Charadrii  shorebirds: plovers; sandpipers; avocets; phalaropes; coursers; stone curlews
                 member:  #shorebird__shore_bird__shorebird__limicoline_bird__limicolinebird  any of numerous wading birds that frequent mostly seashores and estuaries
                 member:  #family_Charadriidae__Charadriidae  plover family
                    member:  #plover  any of numerous chiefly shorebirds of relatively compact build having straight bills and large pointed wings; closely related to the sandpipers
                    member:  #genus_Charadrius__Charadrius  type genus of the Charadriidae: plovers
                       member:  #piping_plover__Charadrius_melodus  small plover of eastern North America
                       member:  #killdeer_plover__killdeer__kildeer__Charadrius_vociferus  American plover of inland waters and fields having a distinctive cry
                       member:  #dotterel__dotrel__Charadrius_morinellus__Eudromias_morinellus  rare plover of upland areas of Eurasia
                    member:  #genus_Pluvialis__Pluvialis  golden plovers
                       member:  #golden_plover  plovers of Europe and America having the backs marked with golden-yellow spots
                    member:  #genus_Vanellus__Vanellus  Eurasian lapwings
                       member:  #lapwing__green_plover__greenplover__peewit__pewit  large crested Old World plover having wattles and spurs
                    member:  #genus_Arenaria__Arenaria  turnstones
                       member:  #turnstone  migratory shorebirds of the plover family that turn over stones in searching for food
                 member:  #family_Scolopacidae__Scolopacidae  sandpiper family: sandpipers; woodcocks; snipes; tattlers; curlews; godwits; dowitchers
                    member:  #sandpiper  any of numerous usually small wading birds having a slender bill and piping call; closely related to the plovers
                    member:  #genus_Aphriza__Aphriza  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #surfbird__Aphriza_virgata  sandpiper-like shorebird of Pacific coasts of North and South America
                    member:  #genus_Actitis__Actitis  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #European_sandpiper__Actitis_hypoleucos  a variety of sandpiper
                       member:  #spotted_sandpiper__spottedsandpiper__Actitis_macularia  common North American sandpiper
                    member:  #genus_Erolia__Erolia  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #least_sandpiper__leastsandpiper__stint__Erolia_minutilla  smallest American sandpiper
                       member:  #red-backed_sandpiper__dunlin__Erolia_alpina  small common sandpiper that breeds in northern or arctic regions and winters in southern United States or Mediterranean regions
                    member:  #genus_Tringa__Tringa  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #greenshank__Tringa_nebularia  large European sandpiper with greenish legs
                       member:  #redshank__Tringa_totanus  a common Old World wading bird with long red legs
                       member:  #yellowlegs  either of two North American shorebird with yellow legs
                    member:  #genus_Calidris__Calidris  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #pectoral_sandpiper__jacksnipe__Calidris_melanotos  American sandpiper that inflates its chest when courting
                       member:  #grayback__knot__Calidris_canutus  sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and winters in the S hemisphere
                       member:  #curlew_sandpiper__Calidris_Ferruginea  Old World sandpiper with a curved bill like a curlew
                    member:  #genus_Crocethia__Crocethia  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #sanderling__Crocethia_alba  small sandpiper that breeds in the arctic and migrates south along sandy coasts in most of world
                    member:  #genus_Bartramia__Bartramia  a genus of Scolopacidae
                       member:  #upland_sandpiper__upland_plover__Bartramian_sandpiper__Bartramia_longicauda  large plover-like sandpiper of North American fields and uplands
                    member:  #genus_Philomachus__Philomachus  ruffs
                       member:  #Philomachus_pugnax__ruff  common Eurasian sandpiper; male has an erectile ruff in breeding season
                    member:  #genus_Heteroscelus__Heteroscelus  tattlers
                       member:  #Polynesian_tattler__Heteroscelus_incanus  tattler of Pacific coastal regions
                    member:  #genus_Catoptrophorus__Catoptrophorus  willet
                       member:  #willet__Catoptrophorus_semipalmatus  large North American shorebird of eastern and Gulf coasts
                    member:  #genus_Scolopax__Scolopax  type of the Scolopacidae: Old World woodcocks
                       member:  #Eurasian_woodcock__Scolopax_rusticola  short-legged long-billed migratory Old World woodcock
                    member:  #genus_Philohela__Philohela  American woodcocks
                       member:  #American_woodcock__woodcock_snipe__Philohela_minor  small long-billed American woodcock; prized as a game bird
                    member:  #genus_Gallinago__Gallinago__Capella__genus_Capella  snipes
                       member:  #whole_snipe__wholesnipe__common_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago  common snipe of Eurasia and Africa
                       member:  #Wilson's_snipe__Gallinago_gallinago_delicata  American snipe
                       member:  #great_snipe__greatsnipe__woodcock_snipe__Gallinago_media  Old World snipe larger and darker than the whole snipe
                    member:  #genus_Limnocryptes__Limnocryptes  snipe
                       member:  #jacksnipe__half_snipe__Limnocryptes_minima  a small short-billed Old World snipe
                    member:  #genus_Limnodromus__Limnodromus  dowitchers
                       member:  #dowitcher  shorebird of the sandpiper family that resembles a snipe
                    member:  #genus_Numenius__Numenius  curlews
                       member:  #curlew  large migratory shorebirds of the sandpiper family; closely related to woodcocks but having a down-curved bill
                    member:  #genus_Limosa__Limosa  godwits
                       member:  #godwit  large wading bird that resembles a curlew; has a long slightly upturned bill
                 member:  #genus_Himantopus__Himantopus  major one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills
                    member:  #Himantopus_stilt__stilt__stiltbird__longlegs__stilt_plover__stiltplover  long-legged three-toed black-and-white wading bird of inland ponds and marshes or brackish lagoons
                    member:  #black-necked_stilt__Himantopus_mexicanus  stilt of southwestern United States to northern South America having black plumage extending from the head down the back of the neck
                    member:  #black-winged_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus  stilt of Europe and Africa and Asia having mostly white plumage but with black wings
                    member:  #white-headed_stilt__Himantopus_himantopus_leucocephalus__himantopushimantopusleucocephalu  stilt of the southwest Pacific including Australia and New Zealand having mostly white plumage but with black wings and nape of neck
                    member:  #kaki__Himantopus_novae-zelandiae  blackish stilt of New Zealand sometimes considered a color phase of the white-headed stilt
                 member:  #genus_Cladorhyncus__Cladorhyncus  one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills
                    member:  #Australian_stilt__stilt  long-legged three-toed wading bird of brackish marshes of Australia
                    member:  #banded_stilt__Cladorhyncus_leucocephalum  web-footed Australian stilt with reddish-brown pectoral markings
                 member:  #family_Recurvirostridae__Recurvirostridae  long-legged shorebirds
                    member:  #genus_Recurvirostra__Recurvirostra  type genus of the Recurvirostridae: avocets
                       member:  #avocet  long-legged web-footed black-and-white shorebird with slender upward-curving bill
                 member:  #family_Haematopodidae__Haematopodidae  oystercatchers
                 member:  #family_Phalaropidae__Phalaropidae  phalaropes
                    member:  #phalarope  small sandpiper-like shorebird having lobate toes and being good swimmers; breed in the arctic and winter in the tropics
                    member:  #genus_Phalaropus__Phalaropus  type genus of the Phalaropidae: phalaropes
                       member:  #red_phalarope__redphalarope__Phalaropus_fulicarius  phalarope of northern oceans and lakes
                    member:  #genus_Lobipes__Lobipes  a genus of Phalaropidae
                       member:  #northern_phalarope__Lobipes_lobatus  breeds in arctic regions of Old and New worlds; large flocks often seen far out at sea
                    member:  #genus_Steganopus__Steganopus  a genus of Phalaropidae
                       member:  #Wilson's_phalarope__Steganopus_tricolor  breeds on the northern great plains of Canada
                 member:  #family_Glareolidae__Glareolidae  Old World shorebirds: pratincoles and coursers
                    member:  #genus_Glareola__Glareola  type genus of the Glareolidae: the pratincoles
                       member:  #pratincole__glareole  Old World shorebird with long pointed wings and short legs; closely related to the coursers
                    member:  #courser  swift-footed terrestrial plover-like bird of southern Asia and Africa
                    member:  #genus_Cursorius__Cursorius  coursers
                       member:  #cream-colored_courser__creamcoloredcourser__Cursorius_cursor  courser of desert and semidesert regions of the Old World
                    member:  #genus_Pluvianus__Pluvianus  coursers
                       member:  #crocodile_bird__crocodilebird__Pluvianus_aegyptius  African courser that feeds on insect parasites on crocodiles
                 member:  #family_Burhinidae__Burhinidae  large wading birds resembling the plovers: stone curlews
                    member:  #genus_Burhinus__Burhinus  type genus of the Burhinidae: stone curlews
                       member:  #stone_curlew__stonecurlew__thick-knee__thickknee__Burhinus_oedicnemus  large-headed large-eyed crepuscular or nocturnal shorebird of the Old World and tropical America having a thickened knee joint
              member:  #suborder_Limicolae__Limicolae  term used in some classifications for migratory shorebirds; coextensive with the Charadrii
              member:  #genus_Haematopus__Haematopus  oystercatchers
                 member:  #oystercatcher__oyster_catcher  black-and-white shorebird with stout legs and bill; feed on oysters etc.
              member:  #coastal_diving_bird  gull family; skimmer family; jaeger family; auk family
              member:  #suborder_Lari__Lari  gulls; terns; jaegers; skimmers
                 member:  #family_Laridae__Laridae  gull family: gulls and terns
                    member:  #larid  long-winged web-footed aquatic bird of the gull family
                    member:  #genus_Larus__Larus  type genus of the Laridae
                       member:  #mew_gull__mewgull__sea_mew__Larus_canus  the common gull of Eurasia and northeastern North America
                       member:  #great_black-backed_gull__black-backed_gull__cob__larusmarinu  white gull having a black back and wings
                       member:  #herring_gull__herringgull__Larus_argentatus  large gull of the northern hemisphere
                       member:  #laughing_gull__blackcap__pewit__pewit_gull__pewitgull__Larus_ridibundus  small black-headed European gull
                    member:  #genus_Pagophila__Pagophila  a genus of Laridae
                       member:  #ivory_gull__ivorygull__Pagophila_eburnea  white arctic gull; migrates as far south as England and New Brunswick
                    member:  #genus_Rissa__Rissa  a genus of Laridae
                       member:  #kittiwake  small pearl-gray gull of northern regions; nests on cliffs and has a rudimentary hind toe
                    member:  #subfamily_Sterninae__subfamilysterninae__Sterninae  terns
                       member:  #tern  small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail
                       member:  #genus_Sterna__Sterna  a genus of Sterninae
                          member:  #sea_swallow__seaswallow__Sterna_hirundo  common tern of Eurasia and America having white black and gray plumage
                 member:  #family_Rynchopidae__Rynchopidae  coextensive with the genus Rynchops: skimmers
                    member:  #genus_Rynchops__Rynchops  type genus of the Rynchopidae: skimmers
                       member:  #skimmer  gull-like seabird that flies along the surface of the water with an elongated lower mandible immersed to skim out food
                 member:  #family_Stercorariidae__Stercorariidae  jaegers and skuas:
                    member:  #jaeger  rapacious seabird that pursues weaker birds to make them drop their prey
                    member:  #genus_Stercorarius__Stercorarius  type genus of the Stercorariidae: jaegers
                       member:  #parasitic_jaeger__parasiticjaeger__arctic_skua__Stercorarius_parasiticus  a variety of jaeger
                    member:  #genus_Catharacta__Catharacta  skuas
                       member:  #skua__bonxie  gull-like jaeger of northern seas
              member:  #family_Alcidae__Alcidae  web-footed diving seabirds of northern seas: auks; puffins; guillemots; murres; etc.
                 member:  #auk  black-and-white short-necked web-footed diving bird of northern seas
                 member:  #genus_Alca__Alca  type genus of the Alcidae comprising solely the razorbill
                    member:  #razorbill__razor-billed_auk__Alca_torda  black-and-white North Atlantic auk having a compressed sharp-edged bill
                 member:  #genus_Plautus__Plautus  a genus of Alcidae
                    member:  #little_auk__dovekie__plautusalle  small short-billed auk abundant in arctic regions
                 member:  #genus_Pinguinus__Pinguinus  great auk
                    member:  #great_auk__greatauk__Pinguinus_impennis  large large flightless auk of rocky islands off North Atlantic coast; extinct
                 member:  #genus_Cepphus__Cepphus  a genus of birds including: guillemots
                    member:  #guillemot  small black or brown speckled auks of northern seas
                 member:  #genus_Uria__Uria  murres
                    member:  #murre  black-and-white diving bird of northern seas
                 member:  #puffin  any of two genera of northern seabirds having short necks and brightly colored compressed bills
                 member:  #genus_Fratercula__Fratercula  puffins
                    member:  #Atlantic_puffin__Fratercula_arctica  common puffin of the North Atlantic
                    member:  #horned_puffin__Fratercula_corniculata  N Pacific puffin
                 member:  #genus_Lunda__Lunda  puffins
                    member:  #tufted_puffin__Lunda_cirrhata  N Pacific puffin having a large yellow plume over each eye
           member:  #order_Gaviiformes__Gaviiformes  large aquatic birds: loons and some extinct forms
              member:  #gaviiform_seabird__gaviiformseabird  seabirds of the order Gaviiformes
              member:  #family_Gavidae__Gavidae  loon family
                 member:  #genus_Gavia__Gavia  type genus of the Gavidae: loons
                    member:  #loon.gaviiform_seabird__diver  large somewhat primitive fish-eating diving bird of the northern hemisphere having webbed feet placed far back; related to the grebes
           member:  #order_Podicipitiformes__Podicipitiformes__Podicipediformes__order_Podicipediformes__Colymbiformes__order_Colymbiformes  grebes
              member:  #podicipitiform_seabird  aquatic birds related to the loons
              member:  #family_Podicipedidae__Podicipedidae  coextensive with the order Podicipitiformes
                 member:  #genus_Podiceps__Podiceps  type genus of the Podicipedidae: grebes
                    member:  #grebe  small compact-bodied almost completely aquatic bird that builds floating nests; similar to loons but smaller and with lobate rather than webbed feet
                 member:  #genus_Podilymbus__Podilymbus  a genus of Podicipedidae
                    member:  #pied-billed_grebe__Podilymbus_podiceps  American grebe having a black-banded whitish bill
           member:  #order_Pelecaniformes__Pelecaniformes  pelicans; frigate birds; gannets; cormorants
              member:  #family_Pelecanidae__Pelecanidae  pelicans
                 member:  #pelican  large long-winged warm-water seabird having a large bill with a distensible pouch for fish
                 member:  #genus_Pelecanus__Pelecanus  type genus of the Pelecanidae
                    member:  #white_pelican__whitepelican__Pelecanus_erythrorhynchos  large American pelican; white with black wing feathers
                    member:  #Old_world_white_pelican__Pelecanus_onocrotalus  similar to American white pelican
              member:  #family_Fregatidae__Fregatidae  frigate birds
                 member:  #genus_Fregata__Fregata  type genus of the Fregatidae
                    member:  #frigate_bird__frigatebird__manofwarbird  long-billed warm-water seabird with wide wingspan and forked tail
              member:  #family_Sulidae__Sulidae  gannets and boobies
                 member:  #gannet  large heavily built seabird with a long stout bill noted for its plunging dives for fish
                 member:  #genus_Sula__Sula  type genus of the Sulidae
                    member:  #solan_goose__solangoose__solan__solant_goose__Sula_bassana  very large white gannet with black wing tips
                    member:  #booby  small tropical gannet having a bright bill or bright feet or both
              member:  #family_Phalacrocoracidae__Phalacrocoracidae  cormorants
                 member:  #genus_Phalacrocorax__Phalacrocorax  type genus: coextensive with the family Phalacrocoracidae
                    member:  #cormorant__phalacrocoraxcarbo  large voracious dark-colored long-necked seabird with a distensible pouch for holding fish; used in Asia to catch fish
              member:  #family_Anhingidae__Anhingidae  snakebirds
                 member:  #genus_Anhinga  type genus of the Anhingidae
                    member:  #snakebird__anhinga__darter  fish-eating bird of warm inland waters having a long flexible neck and slender sharp-pointed bill
              member:  #family_Phaethontidae__Phaethontidae  tropicbirds
                 member:  #genus_Phaethon__Phaethon  type genus of the Phaethontidae
                    member:  #tropic_bird__boatswain_bird__boatswainbird  mostly white web-footed tropical seabird often found far from land
           member:  #order_Sphenisciformes__Sphenisciformes  penguins
              member:  #family_Spheniscidae__Spheniscidae  comprising all existing penguins
                 member:  #penguin  short-legged flightless birds of cold southern especially Antarctic regions having webbed feet and wings modified as flippers
                 member:  #genus_Pygoscelis__Pygoscelis  a genus of Spheniscidae
                    member:  #Adelie_penguin__Adelie__Pygoscelis_adeliae  medium-sized penguins occurring in large colonies on the Adelie coast of Antarctica
                 member:  #genus_Aptenodytes__Aptenodytes  large penguins
                    member:  #king_penguin__Aptenodytes_patagonica  large penguin on islands bordering the Antarctic Circle
                    member:  #emperor_penguin__emperorpenguin__Aptenodytes_forsteri  the largest penguin; an Antarctic penguin
                 member:  #genus_Spheniscus__Spheniscus  type genus of the Spheniscidae: jackass penguins
                    member:  #jackass_penguin__jackasspenguin__Spheniscus_demersus  small penguin of South America and southern Africa with a braying call
                 member:  #genus_Eudyptes__Eudyptes  rock hoppers
                    member:  #rock_hopper__crested_penguin__crestedpenguin  small penguin of the Falkland Islands and New Zealand
              member:  #sphenisciform_seabird__sphenisciformseabird  flightless cold-water seabirds: penguins
           member:  #order_Procellariiformes__Procellariiformes  petrels; albatrosses; shearwaters; diving petrels
              member:  #procellariiform_seabird__procellariiformseabird  large long-winged bird with hooked bill and tubular nostrils that wanders the open seas
              member:  #family_Diomedeidae__Diomedeidae  albatrosses
                 member:  #mollymawk__albatross__albatros  large web-footed birds of the southern hemisphere having long narrow wings; noted for powerful gliding flight
                 member:  #genus_Diomedea  type of the Diomedeidae
                    member:  #wandering_albatross__wanderingalbatros__Diomedea_exulans  very large albatross; white with wide black wings
                    member:  #black-footed_albatross__gooney__gooney_bird__goonie__goony__Diomedea_nigripes  a variety of albatross with black feet
              member:  #family_Procellariidae__Procellariidae  petrels; fulmars; shearwaters;
                 member:  #petrel  relatively small long-winged tube-nosed bird that flies far from land
                 member:  #genus_Procellaria__Procellaria  type genus of the Procellariidae
                    member:  #white-chinned_petrel__whitechinnedpetrel__Procellaria_aequinoctialis  large black petrel of southern seas having a white mark on the chin
                 member:  #genus_Macronectes__Macronectes  giant petrels
                    member:  #giant_petrel__giantpetrel__giantfulmar__macronectesgiganteu  large brownish petrel chiefly of Antarctic seas
                 member:  #genus_Fulmarus__Fulmarus  fulmars
                    member:  #fulmar_petrel__fulmar__Fulmarus_glacialis  heavy short-tailed oceanic bird of polar regions
                 member:  #genus_Puffinus__Puffinus  shearwaters
                    member:  #shearwater  long-winged oceanic bird that in flight skims close to the waves
              member:  #family_Hydrobatidae__Hydrobatidae  storm petrels
                 member:  #storm_petrel__stormpetrel  any of various small petrels having dark plumage with paler underparts
                 member:  #genus_Hydrobates__Hydrobates  type genus of the Hydrobatidae
                    member:  #stormy_petrel__northern_storm_petrel__Hydrobates_pelagicus  sooty black petrel with white markings; of the north Atlantic and Mediterranean
                 member:  #genus_Oceanites__Oceanites  a genus of Hydrobatidae
                    member:  #Mother_Carey's_chicken__Mother_Carey's_hen__Oceanites_oceanicus  medium-sized storm petrel
              member:  #family_Pelecanoididae__Pelecanoididae  diving petrels
                 member:  #diving_petrel  any of several small diving birds of S hemisphere seas; somewhat resemble auks
        member:  #bird_family  a family of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
        member:  #bird_genus  a genus of birds
        member:  #class_Amphibia__Amphibia  frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians
           member:  #amphibian  cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form
           member:  #genus_Hynerpeton__Hynerpeton  earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Pennsylvania
              member:  #Hynerpeton_bassetti  fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs; found in Pennsylvania
           member:  #genus_Ichthyostega  second earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Greenland
              member:  #Ichyostega  early tetrapod amphibian found in Greenland
           member:  #order_Urodella__Urodella__Caudata__order_Caudata  salamanders; newts; congo snakes
              member:  #urodele  amphibians that resemble lizards
              member:  #family_Salamandridae__Salamandridae  salamanders
                 member:  #genus_Salamandra__Salamandra  type genus of the Salamandridae
                    member:  #European_fire_salamander__Salamandra_salamandra  a kind of European salamander
                    member:  #fire_salamander__spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Salamandra_maculosa  European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots
                    member:  #alpine_salamander__Salamandra_atra  ovoviviparous amphibian of the Alps
                 member:  #newt__triton  small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and North Asia
                 member:  #genus_Triturus__Triturus  chiefly aquatic salamanders
                    member:  #common_newt__Triturus_vulgaris  small semiaquatic salamander
                 member:  #genus_Notophthalmus__Notophthalmus  newts
                 member:  #genus_Taricha__Taricha  Pacific newts
                    member:  #Pacific_newt  any of several rough-skinned newts found in western North America
                    member:  #rough-skinned_newt__roughskinnednewt__Taricha_granulosa  newt of humid coast from Alaska to southern California
              member:  #family_Ambystomatidae__Ambystomatidae  New World salamanders
                 member:  #genus_Ambystoma__Ambystoma  type genus of the Ambystomatidae
                    member:  #ambystomid_salamander__ambystomid  small to moderate-sized terrestrial or semiaquatic New World salamander
              member:  #family_Cryptobranchidae__Cryptobranchidae  large aquatic salamanders: hellbenders; giant salamanders
                 member:  #genus_Cryptobranchus__Cryptobranchus  type genus of the Cryptobranchidae
                    member:  #hellbender__mud_puppy__Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis  large salamander of North American rivers and streams
                 member:  #genus_Megalobatrachus__Megalobatrachus  giant salamanders; in some classifications included in the genus Cryptobranchus
                    member:  #giant_salamander__giantsalamander__megalobatrachusmaximu  large (up to more than three feet) edible salamander of Asia
              member:  #family_Proteidae__Proteidae  mud puppies
                 member:  #genus_Proteus__Proteus  type genus of the Proteidae
                    member:  #olm__Proteus_anguinus  European cave-dwelling aquatic salamander with permanent external gills
                 member:  #genus_Necturus__Necturus  a genus of Proteidae
                    member:  #mud_puppy__Necturus_maculosus  aquatic North American salamander with red feathery external gills
              member:  #family_Dicamptodontidae__Dicamptodontidae  large and small highly aquatic salamanders
                 member:  #genus_Dicamptodon  type genus of the Dicamptodontidae
                    member:  #Pacific_giant_salamander__Dicamptodon_ensatus  large (to 7 inches) salamander of western North America
                 member:  #dicamptodon__dicamptodontid  salamanders found near cold streams throughout the year
                 member:  #genus_Rhyacotriton__Rhyacotriton  olympic salamanders
                    member:  #olympic_salamander__olympicsalamander__Rhyacotriton_olympicus  small large-eyed semiaquatic salamander of the United States northwest
              member:  #family_Plethodontidae__Plethodontidae  small mostly terrestrial New World salamanders having neither lungs nor gills as adults
                 member:  #genus_Plethodon__Plethodon  type genus of the Plethodontidae
                    member:  #eastern_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_cinereus  common salamander of eastern North America
                    member:  #western_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_vehiculum  salamander of the Pacific coast of North America
                 member:  #lungless_salamander__plethodont  mostly terrestrial salamanders that breathe through their thin moist skin; lay eggs in moist places on land; rarely enter water
                 member:  #genus_Desmograthus__Desmograthus  an amphibian genus of Plethodontidae
                    member:  #dusky_salamander__duskysalamander  common North American salamander mottled with dull brown or grayish-black
                 member:  #genus_Aneides__Aneides  climbing salamanders
                    member:  #climbing_salamander  any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes
                 member:  #genus_Batrachoseps__Batrachoseps  slender salamanders
                    member:  #slender_salamander__slendersalamander__worm_salamander  any of several small slim salamanders of the United States Pacific coast
                 member:  #genus_Hydromantes__Hydromantes  web-toed salamanders
                    member:  #web-toed_salamander  any of several salamanders with webbed toes and very long extensile tongues; excellent climbers that move with ease over smooth rock surfaces
              member:  #family_Amphiumidae__Amphiumidae  congo snakes
                 member:  #genus_Amphiuma  congo snakes
                    member:  #amphiuma__congo_snake__congo_eel__congoeel__blind_eel__blindeel  aquatic eel-shaped salamander having two pairs of very small feet; of still muddy waters in the southern United States
              member:  #family_Sirenidae__Sirenidae  sirens
                 member:  #genus_Siren  a genus of Sirenidae
                    member:  #siren  eel-like aquatic North American salamander with small forelimbs and no hind limbs; have permanent external gills
           member:  #order_Salientia__Salientia__Anura__order_Anura__Batrachia__order_Batrachia  frogs, toads, tree toads
              member:  #family_Ranidae__Ranidae  nearly cosmopolitan family: true frogs
                 member:  #genus_Rana__Rana  type genus of the Ranidae
                    member:  #woodfrog__Rana_sylvatica  wide-ranging light-brown frog of moist North American woodlands especially spruce
                    member:  #leopard_frog__leopardfrog__spring_frog__Rana_pipiens  common North American green or brownish frog having white-edged dark oval spots
                    member:  #bullfrog__Rana_catesbeiana  largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice
                    member:  #green_frog__greenfrog__spring_frog__Rana_clamitans  similar to bullfrog; found in or near marshes and ponds; of United States and Canada
                    member:  #cascades_frog__Rana_cascadae  mountain frog found near water; of United States northwest to California
                    member:  #goliath_frog__goliathfrog__Rana_goliath  largest living frog; up to a foot and weighing up to 10 lbs; Africa
                    member:  #pickerel_frog__Rana_palustris  a meadow frog of eastern North America
                    member:  #tarahumara_frog__Rana_tarahumarae  Mexican frog found within a jump of two or water
                    member:  #grass_frog__grassfrog__Rana_temporaria  a common semiterrestrial European frog
                 member:  #true_frog__ranid  insectivorous usually semiaquatic web-footed amphibian with smooth moist skin and long hind legs
              member:  #family_Leptodactylidae__Leptodactylidae  New World frogs; in some classifications essentially coextensive with the family Bufonidae
                 member:  #leptodactylid_frog__leptodactylidfrog__leptodactylid  toothed frogs: terrestrial or aquatic or arboreal
                 member:  #genus_Eleutherodactylus__Eleutherodactylus  completely terrestrial robber frogs
                    member:  #robber_frog  small terrestrial frog of tropical America
                 member:  #genus_Hylactophryne__Hylactophryne  barking frogs
                    member:  #barking_frog__barkingfrog__robber_frog__Hylactophryne_augusti  of southwest United States and Mexico; call is like a dog's bark
                 member:  #genus_Leptodactylus__Leptodactylus  type genus of the Leptodactylidae; in some classifications placed in the family Bufonidae
                    member:  #crapaud__South_American_bullfrog__Leptodactylus_pentadactylus  large toothed frog of South and Central America resembling the bullfrog
              member:  #family_Polypedatidae__Polypedatidae  Old World tree frogs
                 member:  #genus_Polypedates__Polypedates  type genus of the Polypedatidae
              member:  #family_Ascaphidae__Ascaphidae  family of one species of frog: tailed frog
                 member:  #genus_Ascaphus__Ascaphus  type genus of the Ascaphidae; in some classifications included in the family Leiopelmatidae
                    member:  #tailed_frog__bell_toad__ribbed_toad__tailed_toad__Ascaphus_trui  western North American frog with a tail-like copulatory organ
              member:  #family_Leiopelmatidae__Leiopelmatidae__Liopelmidae__family_Liopelmidae  primitive New Zealand frogs
                 member:  #genus_Leiopelma__Leiopelma__Liopelma__genus_Liopelma  type and sole genus of the family Leiopelmatidae
                    member:  #Liopelma_hamiltoni  primitive New Zealand frog with four unwebbed toes on forefeet and five on hind feet
              member:  #family_Bufonidae__Bufonidae  true toads
                 member:  #true_toad  tailless amphibian similar to a frog but more terrestrial and having drier warty skin
                 member:  #genus_Bufo  type genus of the Bufonidae; common toads of New and Old Worlds
                    member:  #bufo  any toad of the genus Bufo
              member:  #family_Discoglossidae__Discoglossidae  family of Old World toads having a fixed disklike tongue
                 member:  #genus_Alytes__Alytes  midwife toads
                    member:  #obstetrical_toad__obstetricaltoad__midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_obstetricans  European toad whose male carries the fertilized eggs wrapped around its hind legs until they hatch
                    member:  #midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_cisternasi  similar in habit to Alytes obstetricians
                 member:  #genus_Bombina__Bombina  fire-bellied toads
                    member:  #fire-bellied_toad__Bombina_bombina  toad of central and eastern Europe having red or orange patches on its underside
              member:  #family_Pelobatidae__Pelobatidae  spadefoot toads
                 member:  #genus_Scaphiopus__Scaphiopus  New World spadefoot toads
                    member:  #western_spadefoot__westernspadefoot__Scaphiopus_hammondii  of California
                    member:  #southern_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_multiplicatus  of the United States southwest
                    member:  #plains_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_bombifrons  of plains and hills and river bottoms in areas of low rainfall east of the Rocky Mountains
                 member:  #spadefoot_toad__spadefoottoad__spadefoot  burrowing toad of the northern hemisphere with a horny spade-like projection on each hind foot
              member:  #family_Hylidae__Hylidae  tree frogs
                 member:  #tree_toad__tree_frog  arboreal amphibians usually having adhesive disks at the tip of each toe; of southeast Asia and Australia and America
                 member:  #genus_Hyla__Hyla  type genus of the Hylidae; tree toads
                    member:  #spring_peeper__Hyla_crucifer  small brown tree toad having a shrill call heard near wetlands of eastern United States and Canada in early spring
                    member:  #Pacific_tree_toad__Hyla_regilla  most commonly heard frog on the Pacific coast of America
                    member:  #canyon_treefrog__Hyla_arenicolor  small chiefly ground dweller that stays within easy jumping distance of water; of United States southwest and northern Mexico
                 member:  #genus_Acris__Acris  cricket frogs
                    member:  #cricket_frog__cricketfrog  either of two frogs with a clicking call
                 member:  #genus_Pseudacris__Pseudacris  chorus frogs
                    member:  #chorus_frog  any of several small North American frogs having a loud call
                 member:  #genus_Pternohyla__Pternohyla  burrowing treefrogs
                    member:  #lowland_burrowing_treefrog__lowlandburrowingtreefrog__northern_casque-headed_frog__Pternohyla_fodiens  terrestrial burrowing nocturnal frog of grassy terrain and scrub forests having very hard upper surface of head; of the United States southwest
              member:  #family_Microhylidae__Microhylidae__Brevicipitidae__family_Brevicipitidae  narrow-mouthed toads and sheep frogs; some burrow and some are arboreal; found worldwide
                 member:  #genus_Gastrophryne__Gastrophryne  primarily tropical narrow-mouthed toads
                    member:  #western_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_olivacea  small secretive toad with smooth tough skin of central and western North America
                    member:  #eastern_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_carolinensis  small toad of southeastern United States
                 member:  #genus_Hypopachus__Hypopachus  sheep frogs
                    member:  #sheep_frog__sheepfrog  mostly of Central America
              member:  #family_Pipidae__Pipidae  tongueless frogs
                 member:  #tongueless_frog  almost completely aquatic frog native to Africa and Panama and northern South America
                 member:  #genus_Pipa__Pipa  type genus of the Pipidae
                 member:  #genus_Xenopus__Xenopus  African clawed frog; in some classifications made the type genus of a separate family Xenopodidae
                    member:  #African_clawed_frog__Xenopus_laevis  native to Africa; established in the United States as result of release of laboratory and aquarium animals
           member:  #order_Gymnophiona__Gymnophiona  an order of amphibians including caecilians
              member:  #family_Caeciliidae__Caeciliidae  coextensive with the order Gymnophiona: legless amphibians
                 member:  #caecilian__blindworm  any of the small slender limbless burrowing wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona; inhabit moist soil in tropical regions
           member:  #superorder_Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodonta__superorder_Labyrinthodonta  extinct amphibians typically resembling heavy-bodied salamanders or crocodiles and having a solid flattened skull and conical teeth; Devonian through Triassic
              member:  #labyrinthodont  an amphibian of the superorder Labyrinthodontia
              member:  #order_Stereospondyli__Stereospondyli  formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; amphibia having vertebrae whose component elements are fused into a single piece: "most vertebrates are stereospondylous"
              member:  #order_Temnospondyli__Temnospondyli  formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate
           member:  #order_Stegocephalia__Stegocephalia  in former classifications a division of Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia
           member:  #tadpole__polliwog__pollywog  a larval frog or toad
        member:  #amphibian_family__amphibianfamily  any family of amphibians
        member:  #amphibian_genus__amphibiangenu  any genus of amphibians
        member:  #reptile_family__reptilefamily  a family of reptiles
        member:  #reptile_genus__reptilegenu  a genus of reptiles
        member:  #class_Reptilia__Reptilia  class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals
           member:  #reptile__reptilian  any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
           member:  #subclass_Anapsida__Anapsida  oldest known reptiles: turtles; extinct Permian forms
              member:  #anapsid_reptile__anapsid  primitive reptile having no opening in the temporal region of the skull; all extinct except turtles
              member:  #order_Chelonia__Chelonia__Testudinata__order_Testudinata__Testudines__order_Testudines  tortoises and turtles
                 member:  #chelonian_reptile__chelonianreptile__chelonian  a reptile of the order Chelonia
                 member:  #family_Cheloniidae__Cheloniidae__Chelonidae__family_Chelonidae  green turtles; hawksbills
                    member:  #genus_Chelonia__Chelonia  green turtles
                       member:  #green_turtle__greenturtle__Chelonia_mydas  large tropical turtle with greenish flesh used for turtle soup
                    member:  #genus_Caretta__Caretta  loggerhead turtles
                       member:  #loggerhead_turtle__loggerhead__Caretta_caretta  very large carnivorous sea turtle; wide ranging in warm open seas
                    member:  #genus_Lepidochelys__Lepidochelys  ridleys
                       member:  #ridley  a marine turtle
                    member:  #genus_Eretmochelys__Eretmochelys  hawksbills
                       member:  #hawksbill_turtle__hawksbillturtle__hawksbill__hawkbill__tortoiseshell_turtle__tortoiseshellturtle__Eretmochelys_imbricata  pugnacious tropical sea turtle with a hawk-like beak; source of food and the best tortoiseshell
                 member:  #family_Dermochelyidae__Dermochelyidae  sea turtles
                    member:  #genus_Dermochelys__Dermochelys  type genus of the Dermochelyidae: leatherback turtles
                       member:  #leatherback_turtle__leatherbackturtle__leatherback__leatheryturtle__Dermochelys_coriacea  wide ranging marine turtle with flexible leathery carapace; largest living turtle
                 member:  #family_Chelydridae__Chelydridae  snapping turtles
                    member:  #snapping_turtle  large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws
                    member:  #genus_Chelydra__Chelydra  snapping turtles
                       member:  #common_snapping_turtle__snapper__chelydraserpentina  large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
                    member:  #genus_Macroclemys__Macroclemys  alligator snapping turtles
                       member:  #alligator_snapping_turtle__alligator_snapper__alligatorsnapper__Macroclemys_temmincki  large species having three ridges on its back; found in southeastern United States
                 member:  #family_Kinosternidae__Kinosternidae  mud turtles; musk turtles
                    member:  #genus_Kinosternon__Kinosternon  type genus of the Kinosternidae
                       member:  #mud_turtle__mudturtle  bottom-dwelling freshwater turtle inhabiting muddy rivers of North and Central America
                    member:  #genus_Sternotherus__Sternotherus  musk turtles
                       member:  #musk_turtle__stinkpot  small freshwater turtle having a strong musky odor
                 member:  #family_Emydidae__Emydidae  box and water turtles
                    member:  #terrapin  any of various edible North American web-footed turtles living in fresh or brackish water
                    member:  #genus_Malaclemys__Malaclemys  American terrapins
                       member:  #diamondback_terrapin__diamondbackterrapin__Malaclemys_centrata  of marshes along Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
                    member:  #genus_Pseudemys__Pseudemys  sliders; red-bellied terrapin
                       member:  #red-bellied_terrapin__redbelliedterrapin__red-bellied_turtle__redbelliedturtle__redbelly__Pseudemys_rubriventris  freshwater turtle of Chesapeake bay tributaries having red markings on the lower shell
                       member:  #yellow-bellied_terrapin__slider__Pseudemys_scripta  freshwater turtle of United States and South America; frequently raised commercially; some young sold as pets
                       member:  #river_cooter__rivercooter__cooter__Pseudemys_concinna  large river turtle of the southern United States and northern Mexico
                    member:  #genus_Terrapene__Terrapene  box turtles
                       member:  #box_turtle__boxturtle__box_tortoise__boxtortoise  chiefly terrestrial turtle of North America; shell can be closed tightly
                    member:  #genus_Chrysemys__Chrysemys  painted turtles
                       member:  #painted_turtle__paintedturtle__painted_terrapin__paintedterrapin__painted_tortoise__paintedtortoise__chrysemyspicta  freshwater turtles having bright yellow and red markings; common in the eastern United States
                 member:  #family_Testudinidae__Testudinidae  land tortoises
                    member:  #tortoise  usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica
                    member:  #genus_Testudo__Testudo  type genus of the Testudinidae
                       member:  #European_tortoise__Testudo_graeca  small land tortoise of southern Europe
                       member:  #giant_tortoise__gianttortoise  very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands
                    member:  #genus_Geochelone__Geochelone  giant tortoises
                       member:  #giant_tortoise__gianttortoise  very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands
                    member:  #genus_Gopherus__Gopherus  gopher tortoises
                       member:  #gopher_tortoise__gopher_turtle__gopher__Gopherus_polypemus  burrowing edible land tortoise of southeastern North America
                       member:  #desert_tortoise__Gopherus_agassizii  burrowing tortoise of the arid western United States and northern Mexico; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
                       member:  #Texas_tortoise  close relative to the desert tortoise; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
                    member:  #genus_Xerobates__Xerobates  possible new genus for desert and Texas tortoises based on recent research
                 member:  #family_Trionychidae__Trionychidae  soft-shelled turtles
                    member:  #soft-shelled_turtle__pancake_turtle__pancaketurtle  voracious aquatic turtle with a flat flexible shell covered by a leathery skin; can inflict painful bites
                    member:  #genus_Trionyx__Trionyx  type genus of the Trionychidae
                       member:  #spiny_softshell__spinysoftshell__Trionyx_spiniferus  river turtle of western United States with a warty shell; prefers quiet water
                       member:  #smooth_softshell__Trionyx_muticus  river turtle of Mississippi basin; prefers running water
           member:  #subclass_Lepidosauria__Lepidosauria  diapsid reptiles: lizards; snakes; tuataras
              member:  #order_Rhynchocephalia__Rhynchocephalia  tuataras; extinct forms from middle Triassic
                 member:  #genus_Sphenodon__Sphenodon  coextensive with the order Rhynchocephalia: tuataras
                    member:  #tuatara__Sphenodon_punctatum  only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand
              member:  #order_Squamata__Squamata  diapsid reptiles: snakes and lizards
                 member:  #suborder_Sauria__Sauria__Lacertilia__suborder_Lacertilia  true lizards; including chameleons and geckos
                    member:  #saurian  any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs
                    member:  #family_Gekkonidae__Gekkonidae  geckos
                       member:  #genus_Ptychozoon__Ptychozoon  flying geckos
                          member:  #flying_gecko__fringed_gecko__fringedgecko__Ptychozoon_homalocephalum  having membranous expansions along sides of body and limbs and tail
                       member:  #genus_Coleonyx__Coleonyx  banded geckos
                          member:  #banded_gecko  any of several geckos with dard bands across the body and differing from typical geckos in having movable eyelids; of United States southwest and gulf coast to Florida
                    member:  #family_Pygopodidae__Pygopodidae  Australian and Tasmanian lizards
                       member:  #genus_Pygopus__Pygopus  type genus of the Pygopodidae; snake-shaped pleurodont lizard with no forelimbs and only rudimentary hind limbs
                    member:  #family_Iguanidae__Iguanidae__Iguania__family_Iguania  New World lizards
                       member:  #iguanid_lizard__iguanidlizard__iguanid  lizards of the New World and Madagascar and some Pacific islands; typically having a long tail and bright throat patch in males
                       member:  #genus_Iguana  type genus of the Iguanidae
                          member:  #common_iguana__iguana__Iguana_iguana  large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central and South America
                       member:  #genus_Amblyrhynchus__Amblyrhynchus  marine iguanas
                          member:  #marine_iguana__Amblyrhynchus_cristatus  shore-dwelling seaweed-eating lizard of the Galapagos Islands
                       member:  #genus_Dipsosaurus__Dipsosaurus  desert iguanas
                          member:  #desert_iguana__Dipsosaurus_dorsalis  small long-tailed lizard of arid areas of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Sauromalus__Sauromalus  chuckwallas
                       member:  #genus_Callisaurus__Callisaurus  zebra-tailed lizard
                          member:  #zebra-tailed_lizard__gridiron-tailed_lizard__Callisaurus_draconoides  swift lizard with long black-banded tail and long legs; of deserts of United States and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Uma__Uma  fringe-toed lizard
                          member:  #fringe-toed_lizard__Uma_notata  with long pointed scales around toes; of deserts of United States and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Holbrookia__Holbrookia  earless lizards
                          member:  #earless_lizard__earlesslizard  any of several slender lizards without external ear openings: of plains of western United States and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Crotaphytus__Crotaphytus  collard lizards
                          member:  #collared_lizard  any of several robust long-tailed lizards with collars of two dark bands; of central and western United States and northern Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Gambelia__Gambelia  leopard lizards
                          member:  #leopard_lizard__leopardlizard  any of several large lizards with many dark spots; of western United States and northern Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Sceloporus__Sceloporus  spiny lizards
                          member:  #spiny_lizard__spinylizard  any of numerous lizards with overlapping ridged pointed scales; of North and Central America
                       member:  #genus_Uta__Uta  a reptile genus of Iguanidae
                          member:  #side-blotched_lizard__sand_lizard__Uta_stansburiana  one of the most abundant lizards in the arid western United States
                       member:  #genus_Urosaurus__Urosaurus  a reptile genus of Iguanidae
                          member:  #tree_lizard__Urosaurus_ornatus  a climbing lizard of western United States and northern Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Phrynosoma__Phrynosoma  horned lizards
                          member:  #horned_lizard__horned_toad__horny_frog__hornyfrog  insectivorous lizard with hornlike spines on the head and spiny scales on the body; of western North America
                       member:  #genus_Basiliscus__Basiliscus  a reptile genus of Iguanidae
                          member:  #basilisk  small crested arboreal lizard able to run on its hind legs; of tropical America
                       member:  #genus_Anolis__Anolis  New World chameleons
                          member:  #American_chameleon__anole__Anolis_carolinensis  small arboreal tropical American insectivorous lizards with the ability to change skin color
                    member:  #family_Amphisbaenidae__Amphisbaenidae  worm lizards
                    member:  #family_Xantusiidae__Xantusiidae  night lizards
                       member:  #night_lizard__nightlizard  small secretive nocturnal lizard of southwestern North America and Cuba; bear live young
                    member:  #family_Scincidae__Scincidae  skinks
                       member:  #genus_Scincus__Scincus  type genus of Scincidae
                       member:  #genus_Scincella__Scincella  a reptile genus of Scincidae
                       member:  #skink__scincid__scincidlizard  alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide
                       member:  #genus_Eumeces__Eumeces  New World skinks
                          member:  #western_skink__westernskink__Eumeces_skiltonianus  found in western North American grasslands and open woodlands
                          member:  #mountain_skink__Eumeces_callicephalus  frequents oak and pine habitats in rocky mountainous areas of United States southwest and Mexico
                    member:  #family_Cordylidae__Cordylidae  small family of spiny ovoviviparous African lizards
                       member:  #genus_Cordylus__Cordylus  type genus of the Cordylidae; spiny lizards somewhat resembling tiny crocodiles
                    member:  #family_Teiidae__Teiidae  whiptails; etc.
                       member:  #teiid_lizard__teiidlizard__teiid  tropical New World lizard with a long tail and large rectangular scales on the belly and a long tail
                       member:  #genus_Cnemidophorus__Cnemidophorus  whiptails
                          member:  #whiptail_lizard__whiptail  any of numerous very agile and alert New World lizards
                       member:  #genus_Tupinambis__Tupinambis  tejus
                          member:  #teju  large (to 3 feet) blackish yellow-banded South American lizard; raid henhouses; used as food
                    member:  #family_Agamidae__Agamidae  an Old World reptile family of Sauria
                       member:  #agamid_lizard__agamid  a lizard of the family Agamidae
                       member:  #genus_Agama  type genus of the Agamidae
                          member:  #agama  small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World
                       member:  #genus_Chlamydosaurus__Chlamydosaurus  frilled lizards
                          member:  #frilled_lizard__frilledlizard__Chlamydosaurus_kingi  large arboreal insectivorous Australian lizard with a ruff of skin around the neck
                       member:  #genus_Draco__Draco  flying dagons
                          member:  #flying_dragon__dragon__flying_lizard  any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body
                       member:  #genus_Moloch  genus of Australian desert lizard
                          member:  #moloch  any lizard of the genus Moloch
                          member:  #mountain_devil__spiny_lizard__spinylizard__molochhorridu  desert lizard that feeds on ants
                    member:  #family_Anguidae__Anguidae  alligator lizards
                       member:  #anguid_lizard  any of a small family of lizards widely distributed in warm areas; all are harmless and useful as destroyers of e.g. slugs and insects
                       member:  #genus_Gerrhonotus__Gerrhonotus  alligator lizards
                          member:  #alligator_lizard__alligatorlizard  slim short-limbed lizard having a distinctive fold on each side that permits expansion; of western North America
                       member:  #genus_Anguis__Anguis  type genus of the Anguidae: blindworms
                          member:  #blindworm__slowworm__Anguis_fragilis  small burrowing legless European lizard with tiny eyes; popularly believed to be blind
                       member:  #genus_Ophisaurus__Ophisaurus  glass lizards
                          member:  #glass_lizard__glasslizard__glass_snake__glasssnake__joint_snake__jointsnake  snakelike lizard of Europe Asia and North America with vestigial hind limbs and the ability to regenerate its long fragile tail
                    member:  #family_Xenosauridae__Xenosauridae  monotypic family of Mexican lizards
                       member:  #genus_Xenosaurus__Xenosaurus  type and sole genus of Xenosauridae: slender-bodied Mexican lizards having the upper surface covered with tiny granules and tubercles
                    member:  #family_Anniellidae__Anniellidae  legless lizards
                       member:  #legless_lizard__leglesslizard  degenerate wormlike burrowing lizard of California closely related to alligator lizards
                    member:  #family_Lanthanotidae__Lanthanotidae  stout-bodied lizards
                       member:  #genus_Lanthanotus__Lanthanotus  1 species
                          member:  #Lanthanotus_borneensis  a stout-bodied pleurodont lizard of Borneo
                    member:  #family_Helodermatidae__Helodermatidae  only known venomous lizards
                       member:  #venomous_lizard  any of two or three large heavy-bodied lizards; only known venomous lizards
                       member:  #genus_Heloderma__Heloderma  type genus of the Helodermatidae; American venomous lizards
                          member:  #Gila_monster__Heloderma_suspectum  large orange and black lizard of southwestern United States; not dangerous unless molested
                          member:  #Mexican_beaded_lizard__beaded_lizard__Heloderma_horridum  lizard with black and yellowish beadlike scales; of western Mexico
                    member:  #family_Lacertidae__Lacertidae  Old World lizards
                       member:  #lacertid_lizard__lacertid  Old World terrestrial lizard
                       member:  #genus_Lacerta__Lacerta  type genus of the Lacertidae
                          member:  #sand_lizard__Lacerta_agilis  a common and widely distributed lizard of Europe and central Asia
                          member:  #green_lizard__greenlizard__lacertaviridi  a common Eurasian lizard about a foot long
                    member:  #family_Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleonidae__family_Chamaeleonidae__Rhiptoglossa__family_Rhiptoglossa  Old World chameleons; in some classifications Rhiptoglossa is considered a superfamily of Sauria
                       member:  #chameleon__chamaeleon  lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue
                       member:  #genus_Chamaeleo__Chamaeleo__genus_Chamaeleon  type genus of the Chamaeleontidae
                          member:  #African_chameleon__Chamaeleo_chamaeleon  a chameleon found in Africa
                          member:  #horned_chameleon__Chamaeleo_oweni  a kind of chameleon
                    member:  #family_Varanidae__Varanidae  monitor lizards
                       member:  #genus_Varanus__Varanus  type and sole extant genus of the Varanidae
                          member:  #monitor_lizard__monitorlizard__monitor__varan  any of various large tropical carnivorous lizards of Africa Asia and Australia; fabled to warn of crocodiles
                 member:  #suborder_Serpentes__Serpentes__Ophidia__suborder_Ophidia  snakes
                    member:  #ophidian__snake__serpent  limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous
                    member:  #family_Colubridae__Colubridae  nonvenomous snakes; about two-thirds of all living species
                       member:  #colubrid_snake__colubrid  mostly harmless temperate-to-tropical terrestrial or arboreal or aquatic snakes
                       member:  #genus_Carphophis__Carphophis  thunder snake
                          member:  #thunder_snake__thundersnake__worm_snake__Carphophis_amoenus  small reddish wormlike snake of eastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Diadophis__Diadophis  a genus of reptiles of the family Colubridae including ringneck snakes
                          member:  #ringneck_snake__ring-necked_snake__ring_snake  any of numerous small nonvenomous North American snakes with a yellow or orange ring around the neck
                       member:  #genus_Heterodon__Heterodon  a genus of small colubrid snakes containing the North American hognose snakes
                          member:  #hognose_snake__hognosesnake__puff_adder__sand_viper  harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed
                       member:  #genus_Phyllorhynchus__Phyllorhynchus  leaf-nosed snakes
                          member:  #leaf-nosed_snake  any of various pale blotched snakes with a blunt snout of southwestern North America
                       member:  #genus_Opheodrys__Opheodrys  North American green snakes
                          member:  #grass_snake__grasssnake__green_snake__greensnake  either of two N. American chiefly insectivorous green snakes
                       member:  #genus_Chlorophis__Chlorophis  African green snakes
                          member:  #green_snake__greensnake  any of numerous African green snakes
                       member:  #genus_Coluber__Coluber  racers
                          member:  #racer  slender fast-moving North American snakes
                          member:  #horseshoe_whipsnake__Coluber_hippocrepis  slender fast-moving Eurasian snake
                       member:  #genus_Masticophis__Masticophis  whipsnakes
                          member:  #whipsnake__whip_snake  any of several fast-moving North American snakes with long whiplike tails
                       member:  #genus_Elaphe__Elaphe  North American rat snakes
                          member:  #corn_snake__red_rat_snake__redratsnake__Elaphe_guttata  large harmless snake of southeastern United States; often on farms
                          member:  #black_rat_snake__blackratsnake__blacksnake__pilot_blacksnake__pilotblacksnake__mountain_blacksnake__Elaphe_obsoleta  large harmless shiny black North American snake
                          member:  #chicken_snake__chickensnake  large North American snake
                       member:  #genus_Ptyas__Ptyas  Asian rat snakes
                          member:  #Indian_rat_snake__Ptyas_mucosus  enter buildings in pursuit of prey
                       member:  #genus_Arizona__Arizona  glossy snake
                          member:  #glossy_snake__Arizona_elegans  nocturnal burrowing snake of western United States with shiny tan scales
                       member:  #genus_Pituophis__Pituophis  bull snakes
                          member:  #bull_snake  any of several large harmless rodent-eating North American burrowing snakes
                       member:  #genus_Lampropeltis__Lampropeltis  king snakes and milk snakes
                          member:  #king_snake  any of numerous nonvenomous North American constrictors; feed on other snakes and small mammals
                       member:  #genus_Thamnophis__Thamnophis  garter snakes
                          member:  #garter_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake  any of numerous nonvenomous longitudinally-striped viviparous North and Central American snakes
                       member:  #genus_Tropidoclonion__Tropidoclonion  lined snakes
                          member:  #lined_snake__Tropidoclonion_lineatum  secretive snake of city dumps and parks as well as prairies and open woods; feeds on earthworms; of central United States
                       member:  #genus_Sonora__Sonora  ground snakes
                          member:  #ground_snake__Sonora_semiannulata  small shy brightly-ringed terrestrial snake of arid or semiarid areas of western North America
                       member:  #genus_Potamophis__Potamophis  ground snakes
                          member:  #eastern_ground_snake__Potamophis_striatula__Haldea_striatula  in some classifications placed in genus Haldea; small reddish-gray snake of eastern North America
                       member:  #genus_Haldea__Haldea  ground snakes
                       member:  #genus_Natrix__Natrix  water snakes; a cosmopolitan genus
                          member:  #common_water_snake__banded_water_snake__Natrix_sipedon__Nerodia_sipedon  in some classifications placed in the genus Nerodia; western United States snake that seldom ventures far from water
                          member:  #water_moccasin__watermoccasin  any of numerous North American water snakes inhabiting fresh waters
                       member:  #genus_Nerodia__Nerodia  North American water snakes
                       member:  #genus_Storeria__Storeria  a genus of Colubridae
                          member:  #red-bellied_snake__redbelliedsnake__Storeria_occipitamaculata  harmless woodland snake of southeastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Chilomeniscus__Chilomeniscus  sand snakes
                          member:  #sand_snake  small North American burrowing snake
                       member:  #genus_Tantilla__Tantilla  black-headed snakes
                          member:  #black-headed_snake  small secretive ground-dwelling snake; found from central United States to Argentina
                       member:  #genus_Oxybelis__Oxybelis  vine snakes
                          member:  #vine_snake  slender arboreal snake found from southern Arizona to Bolivia
                       member:  #genus_Trimorphodon__Trimorphodon  lyre snakes
                          member:  #lyre_snake  mildly venomous snake with a lyre-shaped mark on the head; found in rocky areas from southwestern United States to Central America
                       member:  #genus_Hypsiglena__Hypsiglena  night snakes
                          member:  #night_snake__Hypsiglena_torquata  nocturnal prowler of western United States and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Drymarchon__Drymarchon  a genus of Colubridae
                    member:  #family_Typhlopidae__Typhlopidae  blind snakes
                    member:  #family_Leptotyphlopidae__Leptotyphlopidae  blind snakes
                       member:  #blind_snake__blindsnake__worm_snake  wormlike burrowing snake of warm regions having vestigial eyes
                       member:  #genus_Leptotyphlops__Leptotyphlops  blind snakes of Asia and Africa and Americas
                          member:  #western_blind_snake__westernblindsnake__Leptotyphlops_humilis  burrows among roots of shrubs and beneath rocks in desert and rocky hillside areas and beach sand of western United States
                    member:  #family_Boidae__Boidae  boas and pythons
                       member:  #boa  any of several chiefly tropical constrictors with vestigial hind limbs
                       member:  #genus_Charina__Charina  boas of western North America
                          member:  #rubber_boa__tow-headed_snake__Charina_bottae  boa of grasslands and woodlands of western North America; looks and feels like rubber with tail and head of similar shape
                       member:  #genus_Lichanura__Lichanura  boas of western North America
                          member:  #rosy_boa__Lichanura_trivirgata  boa of rocky desert of southwestern United States
                       member:  #genus_Eunectes__Eunectes  anacondas
                          member:  #anaconda__Eunectes_murinus  large arboreal boa of tropical South America
                       member:  #subfamily_Pythoninae__Pythoninae  Old World boas: pythons; in some classifications considered a separate family from Boidae
                          member:  #python  large Old World boas
                          member:  #genus_Python  Old World boas
                             member:  #reticulated_python__reticulatedpython__Python_reticulatus  of southeast Asia and East Indies; the largest snake in the world
                             member:  #Indian_python__Python_molurus  very large python of southeast Asia
                             member:  #rock_python__rock_snake__Python_sebae  very large python of tropical and southern Africa
                    member:  #family_Elapidae__Elapidae  cobras; kraits; mambas; coral snakes; Australian taipan and tiger snakes
                       member:  #elapid_snake__elapid  any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
                       member:  #genus_Micrurus__Micrurus  coral snakes
                          member:  #eastern_coral_snake__easterncoralsnake__Micrurus_fulvius  ranges from Central America to southeastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Micruroides__Micruroides  coral snakes
                          member:  #western_coral_snake__westerncoralsnake__Micruroides_euryxanthus  ranges from Central America to southwestern United States
                       member:  #genus_Calliophis__Calliophis__Callophis__genus_Callophis  Asian coral snakes
                          member:  #Asian_coral_snake  of India
                       member:  #genus_Aspidelaps__Aspidelaps  African coral snakes
                          member:  #African_coral_snake__Aspidelaps_lubricus  small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange
                       member:  #genus_Rhynchoelaps__Rhynchoelaps  Australian coral snakes
                          member:  #Australian_coral_snake__Rhynchoelaps_australis  small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red
                       member:  #genus_Denisonia__Denisonia  copperheads
                          member:  #Denisonia_superba__copperhead  venomous but sluggish reddish-brown snake of Australia
                       member:  #genus_Naja__Naja  cobras
                          member:  #Indian_cobra__Naja_naja  of tropical Africa and Asia
                          member:  #asp__Egyptian_cobra__Naja_haje  cobra used by the Pharaohs as a symbol of their power over life and death
                          member:  #black-necked_cobra__spitting_cobra__Naja_nigricollis  aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness
                       member:  #genus_Ophiophagus__Ophiophagus  king cobra
                          member:  #king_cobra__hamadryad__Ophiophagus_hannan__Naja_hannah  large cobra of southeastern Asia and the East Indies; the largest venomous snake; sometimes placed in genus Naja
                       member:  #genus_Hemachatus__Hemachatus  ringhals
                       member:  #genus_Dendroaspis__Dendroaspis__Dendraspis__genus_Dendraspis  mambas
                          member:  #mamba  arboreal snake of central and southern Africa whose bite is often fatal
                       member:  #genus_Acanthophis__Acanthophis  Australian elapid snakes
                          member:  #death_adder__Acanthophis_antarcticus  venomous Australian snake resembling an adder
                       member:  #genus_Notechis__Notechis  tiger snakes
                          member:  #tiger_snake__Notechis_scutatus  highly venomous brown-and-yellow snake of Australia and Tasmania
                       member:  #genus_Pseudechis__Pseudechis  venomous Australian blacksnakes
                          member:  #Australian_blacksnake__Pseudechis_porphyriacus  large semiaquatic snake of Australia; black above with red belly
                       member:  #genus_Bungarus__Bungarus  kraits
                          member:  #krait  brightly colored venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula
                       member:  #genus_Oxyuranus__Oxyuranus  taipans
                          member:  #taipan__Oxyuranus_scutellatus  large highly venomous snake of northeastern Australia
                    member:  #family_Hydrophidae__Hydrophidae  sea snakes
                       member:  #sea_snake__seasnake  any of numerous venomous aquatic viviparous snakes having a fin-like tail; of warm littoral seas; feed on fish which they immobilize with quick-acting venom
                    member:  #family_Viperidae__Viperidae  Old World vipers
                       member:  #viper  venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw
                       member:  #genus_Vipera__Vipera  type genus of the Viperidae
                          member:  #common_viper__adder__Vipera_berus  small terrestrial viper common in northern Eurasia
                          member:  #asp_viper__aspviper__asp__Vipera_aspis  of southern Europe; similar to but smaller than the adder
                       member:  #genus_Bitis__Bitis  a genus of Viperidae
                          member:  #puff_adder__Bitis_arietans  large African viper that inflates its body when alarmed
                          member:  #gaboon_viper__Bitis_gabonica  large heavy-bodied brilliantly marked and extremely venomous west African viper
                       member:  #genus_Cerastes__Aspis__genus_Aspis  horned vipers
                          member:  #horned_viper__cerastes__sand_viper__horned_asp__Cerastes_cornutus  highly venomous viper of North Africa and southwest Asia having a horny spine above each eye
                    member:  #family_Crotalidae__Crotalidae  New World vipers: pit vipers
                       member:  #pit_viper__pitviper  New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head
                       member:  #genus_Agkistrodon__Agkistrodon__Ancistrodon__genus_Ancistrodon  copperheads
                          member:  #copperhead__Agkistrodon_contortrix  common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States
                          member:  #cottonmouth__water_moccasin__watermoccasin__cottonmouth_moccasin__cottonmouthmoccasin__agkistrodonpiscivoru  venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States
                       member:  #rattlesnake  pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken
                       member:  #genus_Crotalus__Crotalus  large rattlesnakes; seldom bite unless startled or pursuing prey
                          member:  #timber_rattlesnake__banded_rattlesnake__Crotalus_horridus_horridus  widely distributed in rugged ground of eastern United States
                          member:  #prairie_rattlesnake__prairie_rattler__Western_rattlesnake__Crotalus_viridis  widely distributed between the Mississippi and the Rockies
                          member:  #horned_rattlesnake__sidewinder__Crotalus_cerastes  small pale-colored desert rattlesnake of southwestern United States; body moves in an S-shaped curve
                          member:  #Western_diamondback_rattlesnake__Western_diamondback__Crotalus_atrox  largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico
                          member:  #rock_rattlesnake__Crotalus_lepidus  mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest
                          member:  #tiger_rattlesnake__tigerrattlesnake__Crotalus_tigris  having irregularly cross-banded back; of arid foothills and canyons of southern Arizona and Mexico
                          member:  #Mojave_rattlesnake__Crotalus_scutulatus  extremely dangerous; most common in areas of scattered scrubby growth; from Mojave Desert to w. Texas and into Mexico
                          member:  #speckled_rattlesnake__Crotalus_mitchellii  markings vary but usually harmonize with background; of sw Arizona and Baja California
                       member:  #genus_Sistrurus__Sistrurus  pygmy rattlesnakes
                          member:  #massasauga_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_catenatus  pygmy rattlesnake found in moist areas from the Great Lakes to Mexico; feeds on mice and small amphibians
                       member:  #genus_Bothrops__Bothrops  fer-de-lance
                          member:  #fer-de-lance__Bothrops_atrops  large extremely venomous pit viper of Central and South America
           member:  #subclass_Archosauria__Archosauria  a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
              member:  #archosaur__archosaurian__archosaurian_reptile  extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
              member:  #genus_Saurosuchus__Saurosuchus  early archosaurian carnivore
              member:  #genus_Proterochampsa__Proterochampsa  early archosaurian carnivore
              member:  #order_Crocodylia__Crocodylia__Crocodilia__order_Crocodilia  crocodiles; alligators; caimans; gavials
                 member:  #crocodilian_reptile__crocodilianreptile__crocodilian  extant archosaurian reptile
                 member:  #family_Crocodylidae__Crocodylidae  true crocodiles
                    member:  #genus_Crocodylus__Crocodylus__Crocodilus__genus_Crocodilus  type genus of the Crocodylidae
                       member:  #crocodile  large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters
                    member:  #genus_Tomistoma__Tomistoma  a genus of Malayan crocodiles
                       member:  #false_gavial__falsegavial__tomistomaschlegeli  crocodile of southeast Asia similar to but smaller than the gavial
                 member:  #family_Alligatoridae__Alligatoridae  alligators; caimans
                    member:  #genus_Alligator  type genus of the Alligatoridae
                       member:  #alligator  either of two amphibious reptiles with shorter broader snouts than crocodiles
                    member:  #genus_Caiman  caimans
                       member:  #cayman__caiman  alligator-like reptile of Central and South America having a more heavily armored belly
                 member:  #family_Gavialidae__Gavialidae  gavials
                    member:  #genus_Gavialis__Gavialis  type genus of the Gavialidae
                       member:  #gavial__Gavialis_gangeticus  large fish-eating Indian crocodilian with a long slender snout
              member:  #order_Ornithischia__Ornithischia  extinct terrestrial reptiles having birdlike pelvises: armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans); bone-headed and horned dinosaurs (marginocephalians); duck-billed dinosaurs (euronithopods)
                 member:  #ornithischian_dinosaur__ornithischiandinosaur__ornithischian  herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird
                 member:  #genus_Pisanosaurus  primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Argentina; early Triassic
                    member:  #pisanosaur__pisanosaurus  primitive dinosaur found in Argentina
                 member:  #genus_Staurikosaurus  primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Brazil
                    member:  #staurikosaur__staurikosaurus  primitive dinosaur found in Brazil
                 member:  #suborder_Thyreophora__Thyreophora__thyreophoran  armored dinosaurs: stegosaurs and ankylosaurs
                    member:  #armored_dinosaur__armoreddinosaur  dinosaurs having bony armour
                    member:  #genus_Stegosaurus  quadrupedal armored herbivore of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
                       member:  #stegosaur__stegosaurus__stegosauru__Stegosaur_stenops  herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a weapon
                    member:  #genus_Ankylosaurus  armored herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous
                       member:  #ankylosaur__ankylosaurus  having the back covered with thick bony plates; thought to have walked with a sprawling gait resembling a lizard's
                       member:  #Edmontonia  heavily armored and highly spiked dinosaur with semi-upright posture
                 member:  #suborder_Marginocephalia__Marginocephalia__marginocephalian  includes bone-headed (pachycephalosaurs) and horned (ceratopsian) dinosaurs
                    member:  #suborder_Pachycephalosaurus  bone-headed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous
                       member:  #bone-headed_dinosaur  bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony crowns
                    member:  #suborder_Ceratopsia__Ceratopsia  horned dinosaurs
                       member:  #ceratopsian__horned_dinosaur  any of several four-footed herbivorous horned dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls; of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia
                       member:  #family_Ceratopsidae__familyceratopsidae__Ceratopsidae  American ceratopsian dinosaurs
                       member:  #genus_Protoceratops  small horned dinosaurs
                       member:  #genus_Triceratops  genus of herbivorous horned dinosaurs
                          member:  #triceratops__triceratop  huge ceratopsian dinosaur having three horns and the neck heavily armored with a very solid frill
                       member:  #genus_Styracosaurus  genus of horned dinosaurs
                          member:  #styracosaur__styracosaurus__styracosauru  an unusual ceratopsian dinosaur having many large spikes around the edge of its bony frill and a long nose horn; late Cretaceous
                       member:  #genus_Psittacosaurus  most primitive genus of horned dinosaurs; early Cretaceous
                          member:  #psittacosaur__psittacosaurus  primitive dinosaur actually lacking horns and having only the beginning of a frill; long hind and short front limbs; may have been bipedal
                 member:  #suborder_Euronithopoda__Euronithopoda__euronithopod__Ornithopoda__suborder_Ornithopoda  widespread group including duck-billed dinosaurs and their early relatives (hadrosaurs; trachodon; iguanodon)
                    member:  #ornithopod_dinosaur__ornithopod  bipedal herbivorous dinosaur
                    member:  #family_Hadrosauridae__Hadrosauridae  duck-billed dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous
                       member:  #hadrosaur__hadrosaurus__hadrosauru__duck-billed_dinosaur  any of numerous large bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs having a horny duck-like bill and webbed feet; may have been partly aquatic
                       member:  #genus_Anatotitan  genus of large duck-billed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous
                          member:  #anatotitan  one of the largest and most famous duck-billed dinosaurs
                       member:  #genus_Corythosaurus  genus of duck-billed dinosaurs of late Cretaceous
                          member:  #corythosaur__corythosaurus__corythosauru  duck-billed dinosaur with nasal passages that expand into a crest like a hollow helmet
                       member:  #genus_Edmontosaurus  duck-billed dinosaurs of Canada
                          member:  #edmontosaurus__edmontosauru  duck-billed dinosaur from Canada found as a fossilized mummy with skin
                    member:  #genus_Trachodon  a reptile genus of the suborder Euronithopoda
                       member:  #trachodon__trachodont  large duck-billed dinosaur of the Upper Cretaceous
                    member:  #family_Iguanodontidae__Iguanodontidae  iguanodons
                       member:  #genus_Iguanodon  type genus of the Iguanodontidae
                          member:  #iguanodon  massive herbivorous bipedal dinosaur with a long heavy tail; common in Europe and North Africa; early Cretaceous
              member:  #order_Saurischia__Saurischia  extinct terrestrial reptiles: theropods (carnivorous); sauropods (herbivorous)
                 member:  #saurischian_dinosaur__saurischiandinosaur__saurischian  herbivorous or carnivorous dinosaur having a three-pronged pelvis like that of a crocodile
                 member:  #suborder_Sauropodomorpha__Sauropodomorpha  gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having huge bodies with long necks and small heads: Prosauropoda and Sauropoda (apatosaurus; diplodocus; titanosaurs)
                    member:  #suborder_Prosauropoda__Prosauropoda  the earliest known dinosaurs
                    member:  #suborder_Sauropoda__Sauropoda  any of the sauropod dinosaurs
                       member:  #sauropod_dinosaur__sauropod  very large herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a small head a long neck and tail and five-toed limbs; largest known land animal
                       member:  #genus_Apatosaurus__genus_Brontosaurus  large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs with very long neck and tail; late Jurassic
                          member:  #apatosaur__apatosaurus__brontosaur__brontosaurus__thunder_lizard__thunderlizard__Apatosaurus_excelsus  huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur common in N. America in the late Jurassic
                       member:  #genus_Barosaurus  huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur; late Jurassic
                          member:  #barosaur__barosaurus  5-story-tall dinosaur
                       member:  #genus_Diplodocus  a reptile genus of the suborder Sauropoda
                          member:  #diplodocus  huge quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail; of late Jurassic in western N. America
                       member:  #family_Titanosauridae__Titanosauridae  herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous
                          member:  #genus_Titanosaurus__Titanosaurus  genus of herbivorous dinosaurs flourishing during the Cretaceous in South America
                             member:  #titanosaur__titanosaurian  amphibious quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur with a long thin neck and whiplike tail; of the Cretaceous mostly in the southern hemisphere
                             member:  #genus_Argentinosaurus  enormous dinosaur of the middle Cretaceous found in Argentina
                                member:  #argentinosaur  huge herbivorous dinosaur of Cretaceous found in Argentina
                          member:  #genus_Seismosaurus__Seismosaurus  genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs of Cretaceous found in western North America
                             member:  #ground-shaker__seismosaur  huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous found in western North America
                    member:  #suborder_Theropoda__Theropoda  carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs with short forelimbs; Jurassic and Cretaceous
                       member:  #theropod_dinosaur__theropod__bird-footed_dinosaur  any of numerous carnivorous dinosaurs of the Triassic to Cretaceous with short forelimbs that walked or ran on strong hind legs
                       member:  #suborder_Ceratosaura  primitive saurischian dinosaurs
                          member:  #genus_Ceratosaurus  primitive saurischian carnivorous dinosaurs
                             member:  #coelophysis__coelophysi  one of the oldest known dinosaurs; late Triassic; cannibalistic
                          member:  #ceratosaur__ceratosaurus  primitive medium-sized theropod; swift-running bipedal carnivorous dinosaur having grasping hands with sharp claws and a short horn between the nostrils; Jurassic in North America
                          member:  #genus_Coelophysis  late Triassic carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs
                       member:  #suborder_Carnosaura__Carnosaura  largest carnivorous land animals ever known
                          member:  #carnosaur  large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge claws
                          member:  #genus_Tyrannosaurus  includes a single species
                             member:  #tyrannosaur__tyrannosauru__Tyrannosaurus_rex  large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations; may have been a scavenger rather than an active predator; Upper Cretaceous; North America
                          member:  #genus_Allosaurus__genus_Antrodemus  carnivorous dinosaur of North America; late Jurassic
                             member:  #allosaur__allosaurus  late Jurassic carnivorous dinosaur; similar to but somewhat smaller than tyrannosaurus
                       member:  #genus_Compsognathus  a reptile genus of Theropoda
                          member:  #compsognathus__compsognathu  very small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Jurassic in Bavaria
                       member:  #genus_Herrerasaurus  primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic
                          member:  #herrerasaur__herrerasaurus__herrerasauru  a kind of theropod dinosaur found in Argentina
                       member:  #genus_Eoraptor  primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic
                          member:  #eoraptor  a theropod dinosaur of the genus Eoraptor
                       member:  #family_Megalosauridae__Megalosauridae  megalosaurs
                          member:  #genus_Megalosaurus  type genus of the Megalosauridae
                             member:  #megalosaur__megalosaurus  gigantic carnivorous bipedal dinosaur of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous in Europe
                       member:  #suborder_Ornithomimida__Ornithomimida  lightly built medium-size theropods
                          member:  #ornithomimid  lightly built medium-sized dinosaur having extremely long limbs and necks with small heads and big brains and large eyes
                          member:  #genus_Struthiomimus  small toothless saurischian dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous of Canada
                             member:  #struthiomimus__struthiomimu  small light-boned toothless dinosaur resembling an ostrich in size and proportions
                          member:  #genus_Deinocheirus  a reptile genus of Ornithomimida
                             member:  #deinocheirus  lightly built medium-sized theropod with long limbs and neck
                       member:  #suborder_Maniraptora__Maniraptora  advanced theropods including oviraptorids and dromaeosaurs and possibly even modern birds
                          member:  #maniraptor  advanced carnivorous theropod
                          member:  #oviraptorid  advanced carnivorous theropod
                          member:  #genus_Velociraptor  advanced carnivorous theropod
                             member:  #velociraptor  small active carnivore that probably fed on protoceratops; possibly related more closely to birds than to other dinosaurs
                          member:  #family_Dromaeosauridae__Dromaeosauridae  swift-running bipedal dinosaurs
                             member:  #dromaeosaur  a kind of maniraptor
                             member:  #genus_Deinonychus  advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur
                                member:  #deinonychus__deinonychu  swift agile wolf-sized bipedal dinosaur having a large curved claw on each hind foot; of the Cretaceous
                             member:  #genus_Utahraptor  advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur
                                member:  #utahraptor__superslasher  large (20-ft) and swift carnivorous dinosaur having an upright 15-in slashing claw on each hind foot; early Cretaceous
                          member:  #genus_Mononychus  authorities disagree over whether to classify the genus as bird or dinosaur
                             member:  #Mononychus_olecranus  75-million-year-old turkey-sized long-legged fossil found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia having birdlike fused wrist bones and keeled breastbone and a long tail resembling a dinosaur's; short 3-inch-long forelimbs end in a single claw instead of wings; classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute
              member:  #order_Pterosauria__Pterosauria  extinct flying reptiles: pterosaurs
                 member:  #pterosaur__flying_reptile  extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a birdlike beak and membranous wings supported by the very long fourth digit of each forelimb
                 member:  #family_Pterodactylidae__Pterodactylidae  a reptile family in the order Pterosauria
                    member:  #genus_Pterodactylus__Pterodactylus  a reptile genus of Pterodactylidae
                       member:  #pterodactyl  extinct flying reptile
              member:  #order_Thecodontia__Thecodontia  extinct terrestrial reptiles having teeth set in sockets; of the late Permian to Triassic
                 member:  #thecodont_reptile__thecodontreptile__thecodont  presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds
              member:  #order_Ichthyosauria__Ichthyosauria  extinct marine reptiles: ichthyosaurs
                 member:  #ichthyosaur  any of several marine reptiles of the Mesozoic having a body like a porpoise with dorsal and tail fins and paddle-shaped limbs
                 member:  #family_Ichthyosauridae__Ichthyosauridae  later ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous; widely distributed in both hemispheres
                    member:  #genus_Ichthyosaurus  type genus of the Ichthyosauridae
                       member:  #ichthyosaurus__ichthyosauru  ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic
                    member:  #genus_Stenopterygius  a reptile genus of Ichthyosauridae
                       member:  #stenopterygius__Stenopterygius_quadrisicissus  an ichthyosaur of the genus Stenopterygius
              member:  #order_Sauropterygia__Sauropterygia  extinct marine reptiles: plesiosaurs; nothosaurs
                 member:  #suborder_Plesiosauria__Plesiosauria  any of the plesiosaurs
                    member:  #genus_Plesiosaurus  a reptile genus of suborder Plesiosauria
                       member:  #plesiosaur__plesiosaurus  extinct marine reptile with a small head on a long neck a short tail and four paddle-shaped limbs; of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
                 member:  #suborder_Nothosauria__Nothosauria  a suborder of Sauropterygia
                    member:  #genus_Nothosaurus  a genus of Nothosauria
                       member:  #nothosaur  extinct marine reptile with longer more slender limbs than plesiosaurs and less completely modified for swimming
           member:  #subclass_Synapsida__Synapsida  extinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals
              member:  #order_Therapsida__Therapsida  extinct mammal-like reptiles found inhabiting all continents from the mid Permian to late Triassic
                 member:  #therapsid__protomammal  probably warm-blooded; considered direct ancestor of mammals
                 member:  #genus_Chronoperates__Chronoperates  a reptile genus of Therapsida
                    member:  #Chronoperates_paradoxus  shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta Canada region; of about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)
                 member:  #division_Cynodontia__Cynodontia  a division of Triassic Therapsida comprising small carnivorous tetrapod reptiles often with mammal-like teeth
                    member:  #cynodont  small carnivorous reptiles
                    member:  #genus_Exaeretodon__Exaeretodon  a genus of reptiles of the division Cynodontia
                 member:  #division_Dicynodontia__Dicynodontia  a division of Therapsida
                    member:  #dicynodont  a kind of therapsid
                    member:  #genus_Ischigualastia__Ischigualastia  early reptile found in Argentina
              member:  #order_Ictodosauria__Ictodosauria  extinct reptiles of the Upper Triassic
                 member:  #ictodosaur  intermediate in form between the therapsids and most primitive true mammals
              member:  #order_Pelycosauria__Pelycosauria  edaphosaurus; dimetrodon
                 member:  #pelycosaur  large primitive reptile having a tall spinal sail; of the Permian or late Paleozoic in Europe and North America
                 member:  #family_Edaphosauridae__Edaphosauridae  a family of reptiles of the order Pelycosauria
                    member:  #genus_Edaphosaurus  type genus of the Edaphosauridae
                       member:  #edaphosaurus  heavy-bodied reptile with a dorsal sail or crest; of the late Paleozoic
                 member:  #genus_Dimetrodon  a reptile genus of Pelycosauria
                    member:  #dimetrodon  carnivorous dinosaur of the Permian in North America having a crest or dorsal sail
        member:  #class_Mammalia__Mammalia  warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female
           member:  #young_mammal__youngmammal  any immature mammal
           member:  #mammal  any warm-blooded vertebrate having the skin more or less covered with hair; young are born alive except for the small subclass of monotremes and nourished with milk
           member:  #subclass_Prototheria__Prototheria  echidnas; platypus
              member:  #order_Monotremata__Monotremata  coextensive with the subclass Prototheria
                 member:  #family_Tachyglossidae__Tachyglossidae  echidnas
                    member:  #genus_Tachyglossus__Tachyglossus  type genus of the family Tachyglossidae
                       member:  #echidna__spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__anteater  burrowing spine-covered monotreme of Australia having a long snout and claws for hunting ants and termites
                    member:  #genus_Zaglossus__Zaglossus  a genus of Tachyglossidae
                       member:  #spiny_anteater__spinyanteater__echidna__anteater  New Guinea echidnas
                 member:  #family_Ornithorhynchidae__Ornithorhynchidae  platypus
                    member:  #genus_Ornithorhynchus__Ornithorhynchus  type genus of the family Ornithorhynchidae
                       member:  #duck-billed_platypus__platypus__duckbill__duckbilled_platypus__Ornithorhynchus_anatinus  small densely furred aquatic monotreme of Australia and Tasmania having a broad bill and tail and webbed feet; only species in the family Ornithorhynchidae
           member:  #subclass_Pantotheria__Pantotheria  generalized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals
           member:  #subclass_Metatheria__Metatheria  pouched animals
              member:  #order_Marsupialia__Marsupialia  coextensive with the subclass Metatheria
                 member:  #marsupial__pouched_mammal__pouchedmammal  mammals of which the females have a pouch (the marsupium) containing the teats where the young are fed and carried
                 member:  #family_Didelphidae__Didelphidae  opossums
                    member:  #opossum__possum  nocturnal arboreal marsupial having a naked prehensile tail found from southern North America to northern South America
                    member:  #genus_Didelphis__Didelphis  type genus of the family Didelphidae
                       member:  #crab-eating_opossum  South American opossum
                 member:  #family_Caenolestidae__Caenolestidae  small marsupials of southern South America
                    member:  #genus_Caenolestes__Caenolestes  type genus of the family Caenolestidae
                       member:  #opossum_rat__opossumrat  terrestrial marsupials of southern South America that resemble shrews
                 member:  #family_Peramelidae__Peramelidae  bandicoots
                    member:  #bandicoot  any of various agile rat-like terrestrial marsupials of Australia and adjacent islands; insectivorous and herbivorous
                    member:  #genus_Macrotis__Macrotis  a genus of Peramelidae
                       member:  #rabbit-eared_bandicoot__rabbit_bandicoot__bilby__Macrotis_lagotis  bandicoot with leathery ears like a rabbit
                 member:  #family_Macropodidae__Macropodidae  kangaroos; wallabies
                    member:  #kangaroo  any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail
                    member:  #genus_Macropus__Macropus  type genus of the family Macropodidae: typical kangaroos and wallabies
                       member:  #giant_kangaroo__giantkangaroo__great_gray_kangaroo__Macropus_giganteus  very large grayish-brown Australian kangaroo formerly abundant in open wooded areas
                       member:  #common_wallaby__Macropus_agiles  height 30 inches
                    member:  #genus_Lagorchestes__Lagorchestes  hare wallabies
                       member:  #hare_wallaby__kangaroo_hare  small Australian wallaby that resembles a hare and has persistent teeth
                    member:  #genus_Onychogalea__Onychogalea  a genus of Macropodidae
                       member:  #nail-tailed_wallaby__nail-tailed_kangaroo  small wallabies with a horny nail on the tip of the tail
                    member:  #genus_Petrogale__Petrogale  rock wallabies
                       member:  #rock_wallaby__rock_kangaroo  slender long-legged Australian wallabies living in caves and rocky areas
                    member:  #genus_Thylogale__Thylogale  pademelons
                       member:  #pademelon__paddymelon  small reddish-brown wallabies of scrubby areas of Australia and New Guinea
                    member:  #genus_Dendrolagus__Dendrolagus  tree wallabies
                       member:  #tree_wallaby__tree_kangaroo  arboreal wallabies of New Guinea and northern Australia having hind and forelegs of similar length
                    member:  #genus_Hypsiprymnodon__Hypsiprymnodon  musk kangaroos
                       member:  #musk_kangaroo__Hypsiprymnodon_moschatus  small kangaroo of northeastern Australia
                    member:  #subfamily_Potoroinae__Potoroinae  rat kangaroos
                       member:  #rat_kangaroo__ratkangaroo__kangaroo_rat  any of several rabbit-sized rat-like Australian kangaroos
                       member:  #genus_Potorous__Potorous  potoroos
                          member:  #potoroo  Australian rat kangaroos
                       member:  #genus_Bettongia__Bettongia  jerboa kangaroo
                          member:  #bettong  short-nosed rat kangaroo
                          member:  #jerboa_kangaroo__kangaroo_jerboa  brush-tailed rat kangaroo
                 member:  #family_Phalangeridae__Phalangeridae  phalangers; koalas
                    member:  #phalanger__opossum__possum  small furry Australian arboreal marsupials having long usually prehensile tails
                    member:  #genus_Phalanger  type genus of the family Phalangeridae: cuscuses
                       member:  #cuscus  woolly-haired monkey-like arboreal marsupial of New Guinea and North Australia
                    member:  #genus_Trichosurus__Trichosurus  a genus of Phalangeridae
                       member:  #brush-tailed_phalanger__Trichosurus_vulpecula  bushy-tailed phalanger
                    member:  #genus_Petaurus__Petaurus  a genus of Phalangeridae
                       member:  #flying_phalanger__flying_opossum__flying_squirrel  nocturnal phalangers that move with gliding leaps using parachute-like folds of skin along the sides of the body
                    member:  #genus_Acrobates__Acrobates  a genus of Phalangeridae
                       member:  #flying_mouse  tiny flying phalanger
                    member:  #genus_Phascolarctos__Phascolarctos  koalas
                 member:  #family_Vombatidae__Vombatidae  wombats
                    member:  #wombat  burrowing herbivorous Australian marsupials about the size of a badger
                 member:  #family_Dasyuridae__Dasyuridae__family_Dasyurinae  dasyures; native cats; pouched mice; banded anteaters; Tasmanian devils
                    member:  #dasyurid_marsupial__dasyurid  small carnivorous nocturnal marsupials of Australia and Tasmania
                    member:  #genus_Dasyurus__Dasyurus  type genus of the family Dasyuridae: native cats
                       member:  #dasyure  any of several more or less arboreal marsupials somewhat resembling martens
                    member:  #genus_Thylacinus__Thylacinus  Tasmanian wolf
                       member:  #thylacine__Tasmanian_wolf__Tasmanian_tiger__Thylacinus_cynocephalus  rare doglike carnivorous marsupial of Tasmania having stripes on its back; probably extinct
                    member:  #genus_Sarcophilus__Sarcophilus  Tasmanian devil
                       member:  #Tasmanian_devil__ursine_dasyure__Sarcophilus_hariisi  small ferocious carnivorous marsupial having a mostly black coat and long tail
                    member:  #genus_Phascogale__Phascogale  pouched mice
                       member:  #pouched_mouse__pouchedmouse__marsupial_mouse__marsupialmouse__marsupial_rat__marsupialrat  any of numerous small sharp-nosed insectivorous marsupials superficially resembling mice or rats
                    member:  #genus_Myrmecobius__Myrmecobius  banded anteater
                       member:  #numbat__banded_anteater__anteater__Myrmecobius_fasciatus  small Australian marsupial having long snout and strong claws for feeding on termites; nearly extinct
                 member:  #family_Notoryctidae__Notoryctidae  pouched moles
                    member:  #genus_Notoryctus__Notoryctus  type genus of the family Notoryctidae: comprising solely the marsupial mole
                       member:  #pouched_mole__pouchedmole__marsupialmole__Notoryctus_typhlops  small burrowing Australian marsupial that resembles a mole
           member:  #subclass_Eutheria__Eutheria  all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
              member:  #placental_mammal__placentalmammal__placental__eutherian__eutherian_mammal__eutherianmammal  mammals having a placenta; all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
              member:  #order_Insectivora__Insectivora  shrews; moles; hedgehogs; tenrecs
                 member:  #suborder_Lipotyphla__Lipotyphla  moles; hedgehogs; true shrews
                 member:  #suborder_Menotyphla__Menotyphla  elephant shrews; tree shrews
                 member:  #insectivore  small insect-eating mainly nocturnal terrestrial or fossorial mammals
                 member:  #family_Talpidae__Talpidae  moles
                    member:  #mole  small velvety-furred burrowing mammal having small eyes and fossorial forefeet
                    member:  #genus_Condylura__Condylura  star-nosed moles
                    member:  #genus_Parascalops__Parascalops  brewer's moles
                    member:  #genus_Uropsilus__Uropsilus  shrew moles
                       member:  #shrew_mole__shrewmole  slender mole having a long snout and tail
                       member:  #Asiatic_shrew_mole__Uropsilus_soricipes  shrew mole of eastern Asia
                    member:  #genus_Neurotrichus__Neurotrichus  shrew moles
                       member:  #American_shrew_mole__Neurotrichus_gibbsii  grayish-black shrew mole of the United States and Canada
                 member:  #family_Chrysochloridae__Chrysochloridae  golden moles
                    member:  #genus_Chrysochloris__Chrysochloris  type genus of the Chrysochloridae
                       member:  #golden_mole  mole of southern Africa having iridescent guard hairs mixed with the underfur
                 member:  #family_Soricidae__Soricidae  shrews
                    member:  #shrewmouse__shrew  small mouselike mammal with a long snout; related to moles
                    member:  #genus_Sorex__Sorex  type genus of the family Soricidae: shrews
                       member:  #common_shrew__Sorex_araneus  common American shrew
                       member:  #American_water_shrew__Sorex_palustris  water shrew of North America
                    member:  #genus_Blarina__Blarina  shrews
                       member:  #short-tailed_shrew__Blarina_brevicauda  North American shrew with tail less than half its body length
                    member:  #genus_Neomys__Neomys  a genus of Soricidae
                       member:  #European_water_shrew__Neomys_fodiens  widely distributed Old World water shrew
                       member:  #Mediterranean_water_shrew__Neomys_anomalus  a type of water shrew
                    member:  #genus_Cryptotis__Cryptotis  least shrews
                 member:  #family_Erinaceidae__Erinaceidae  true hedgehogs
                    member:  #genus_Erinaceus__Erinaceus  type genus of the family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs
                       member:  #hedgehog__Erinaceus_europaeus__Erinaceus_europeaeus  small nocturnal Old World mammal covered with both hair and protective spines
                 member:  #family_Tenrecidae__Tenrecidae  tenrecs and extinct related forms
                    member:  #tenrec__tendrac  small often spiny insectivorous mammal of Madagascar; resembles a hedgehog
                    member:  #genus_Tenrec  type genus of the family Tenrecidae: tenrecs
                       member:  #tailless_tenrec__Tenrec_ecaudatus  prolific animal that feeds chiefly on earthworms
                 member:  #family_Potamogalidae__Potamogalidae  otter shrews
                    member:  #genus_Potamogale  type genus of the family Potamogalidae: otter shrews
                       member:  #otter_shrew__ottershrew__potamogale__Potamogale_velox  amphibious African insectivorous mammal that resembles an otter
              member:  #order_Cetacea__Cetacea  an order of Eutheria
                 member:  #cetacean_mammal__cetacean__blower  large aquatic carnivorous mammal with fin-like forelimbs no hind limbs, including: whales; dolphins; porpoises; narwhals
                 member:  #suborder_Mysticeti__Mysticeti  baleen whales: right whales; rorquals; blue whales; humpbacks
                    member:  #baleen_whale__whalebone_whale__whalebonewhale  whale with plates of whalebone along the upper jaw for filtering plankton from the water
                    member:  #family_Balaenidae__Balaenidae  right whales
                       member:  #right_whale__rightwhale  large arctic whalebone whale; allegedly the `right' whale to hunt because of its valuable whalebone and oil
                       member:  #genus_Balaena__Balaena  type genus of the Balaenidae: Greenland whales
                          member:  #bowhead_whale__bowheadwhale__bowhead__Greenland_whale__Balaena_mysticetus  large-mouthed arctic whale
                    member:  #family_Balaenopteridae__Balaenopteridae  rorquals; blue whales
                       member:  #rorqual__razorback  any of several baleen whales of of the family Balaenopteridae having longitudinal grooves on the throat and a small pointed dorsal fin
                       member:  #genus_Balaenoptera__Balaenoptera  type genus of the Balaenopteridae
                          member:  #blue_whale__sulfur_bottom__Balaenoptera_musculus  largest mammal ever known; bluish-gray migratory whalebone whale mostly of southern hemisphere
                          member:  #finback_whale__finbackwhale__finback__finwhale__common_rorqual__Balaenoptera_physalus  large flat-headed whalebone whale having deep furrows along the throat; of Atlantic and Pacific
                          member:  #sei_whale__seiwhale__Balaenoptera_borealis  similar to but smaller than the finback whale
                          member:  #lesser_rorqual__piked_whale__pikedwhale__minke_whale__minkewhale__Balaenoptera_acutorostrata  small finback of coastal waters of Atlantic and Pacific
                       member:  #genus_Megaptera__Megaptera  humpback whales
                          member:  #humpback_whale__humpback__Megaptera_novaeangliae  large whalebone whale with long flippers noted for arching or humping its back as it dives
                    member:  #family_Eschrichtiidae__Eschrichtiidae  comprising only the gray whales
                       member:  #genus_Eschrichtius__Eschrichtius  type and sole genus of the Eschrichtiidae
                          member:  #gray_whale__devilfish__Eschrichtius_gibbosus__Eschrichtius_robustus  medium-sized grayish-black whale of the north Pacific
                 member:  #suborder_Odontoceti__Odontoceti  toothed whales: dolphins; porpoises; sperm whales; beaked whales
                    member:  #toothed_whale__toothedwhale  any of several whales having simple conical teeth and feeding on fish etc.
                    member:  #family_Physeteridae__Physeteridae  sperm whales
                       member:  #genus_Physeter__Physeter  type genus of the Physeteridae
                          member:  #sperm_whale__spermwhale__cachalot__black_whale__blackwhale__Physeter_catodon  large whale with a large cavity in the head containing spermaceti and oil; also a source of ambergris
                       member:  #genus_Kogia__Kogia  pygmy sperm whales
                          member:  #pygmy_sperm_whale__pygmyspermwhale__Kogia_breviceps  small sperm whale of warm waters of both coasts of North America
                          member:  #dwarf_sperm_whale__dwarfspermwhale__kogiasimu  very small (to 8 feet) sperm whale of central coasts of Atlantic and Pacific
                    member:  #family_Ziphiidae__Ziphiidae__Hyperodontidae__family_Hyperodontidae  beaked whales; in some especially former classifications included in the family Physeteridae
                       member:  #beaked_whale  any of several whales inhabiting all oceans and having beaklike jaws with vestigial teeth in the upper jaw
                       member:  #genus_Hyperoodon__Hyperoodon  bottle-nosed whales
                          member:  #bottle-nosed_whale__bottlenose_whale__bottlenose__Hyperoodon_ampullatus  North Atlantic beaked whale with a bulbous forehead
                    member:  #family_Delphinidae__Delphinidae  dolphins
                       member:  #dolphin  any of various small toothed whales with a beaklike snout; larger than porpoises
                       member:  #genus_Delphinus__Delphinus  type genus of the Delphinidae
                          member:  #common_dolphin__Delphinus_delphis  black-and-white dolphin that leaps high out of the water; one of the dolphins displayed at the Marinelands of California and Florida
                       member:  #genus_Tursiops__Tursiops  a genus of Delphinidae
                          member:  #bottlenose_dolphin__bottle-nosed_dolphin__bottlenose  any of several dolphins with rounded forehead and well-developed beak; chiefly of North Atlantic and Mediterranean
                       member:  #genus_Phocaena__Phocaena  porpoises
                          member:  #porpoise  any of several small gregarious cetacean mammals having a blunt snout and many teeth
                       member:  #genus_Grampus  grampus
                          member:  #grampus__grampu__Grampus_griseus  slaty-gray blunt-nosed dolphin common in northern seas
                       member:  #genus_Orcinus__Orcinus  killer whales
                          member:  #killer_whale__killer__orca__grampus__grampu__sea_wolf__seawolf__Orcinus_orca  predatory black-and-white toothed whale with large dorsal fin; common in cold seas
                       member:  #genus_Globicephala__Globicephala  pilot whales
                          member:  #pilot_whale__pilotwhale__black_whale__blackwhale__common_blackfish__blackfish__Globicephala_melaena  small dark-colored whaled of United States Atlantic coast; the largest male acts as pilot or leader for the school
                    member:  #family_Platanistidae__Platanistidae  river dolphins
                       member:  #river_dolphin__riverdolphin  any of several long-snouted usually freshwater dolphins of South America and southern Asia
                 member:  #family_Monodontidae__Monodontidae  narwhals
                    member:  #genus_Monodon__Monodon  type genus of the Monodontidae
                       member:  #narwhal__narwal__narwhale__Monodon_monoceros  small arctic whale the male having a long spiral ivory tusk
                    member:  #genus_Delphinapterus__Delphinapterus  white whale
                       member:  #white_whale__whitewhale__beluga__Delphinapterus_leucas  small northern whale that is white when adult
              member:  #order_Sirenia__Sirenia  manatees; dugongs; Stellar's sea cow
                 member:  #sea_cow__seacow__sirenian_mammal__sirenian  any of two families of large herbivorous aquatic mammals with paddle-shaped tails and flipper-like forelimbs and no hind limbs
                 member:  #family_Trichechidae__Trichechidae  comprising only the manatees
                    member:  #Trichechus__genus_Trichecus  type and sole genus of the Trichechidae
                       member:  #manatee__trichechusmanatu  sirenian mammal of tropical coastal waters of America; the flat tail is rounded
                 member:  #family_Dugongidae__Dugongidae  a family of mammals of order Sirenia including dugongs and Steller's sea cow
                    member:  #genus_Dugong  type genus of the Dugongidae comprising only the dugongs
                       member:  #dugong__Dugong_dugon  sirenian tusked mammal found from eastern Africa to Australia; the flat tail is bilobate
                    member:  #genus_Hydrodamalis__Hydrodamalis  a genus of the family Dugongidae comprising only Steller's sea cow
                       member:  #Steller's_sea_cow__Hydrodamalis_gigas  extinct large sirenian mammal formerly found near Asiatic coast of the Bering Sea
              member:  #order_Carnivora__Carnivora  cats; lions; tigers; panthers; dogs; wolves; jackals; bears; raccoons; skunks; and members of the suborder Pinnipedia
                 member:  #carnivore  terrestrial or aquatic flesh-eating mammal; terrestrial carnivores have four or five clawed digits on each limb
                 member:  #suborder_Pinnipedia__Pinnipedia  seals; sea lions; walruses
                    member:  #pinniped_mammal__pinniped__pinnatiped  aquatic carnivorous mammal having a streamlined body specialized for swimming with limbs modified as flippers
                    member:  #family_Otariidae__Otariidae  eared seals: sea lions and fur seals
                       member:  #eared_seal__earedseal  pinniped mammal having external ear flaps and hind limbs used for locomotion on land; valued for its soft underfur
                       member:  #genus_Arctocephalus__Arctocephalus  fur seals
                          member:  #fur_seal__furseal  eared seal of the S hemisphere; the thick soft underfur is the source of sealskin
                       member:  #genus_Callorhinus__Callorhinus  fur seals
                          member:  #fur_seal.eared_seal__furseal  fur seal of the north Pacific
                       member:  #genus_Otaria__Otaria  type genus of the Otariidae
                          member:  #South_American_sea_lion__Otaria_Byronia  of the southern coast of South America
                       member:  #genus_Zalophus__Zalophus  sea lions
                          member:  #California_sea_lion__Zalophus_californianus__Zalophus_californicus  often trained as a show animal
                          member:  #Australian_sea_lion__Zalophus_lobatus  a variety of sea lion found in Australia
                       member:  #genus_Eumetopias__Eumetopias  sea lions
                          member:  #Steller_sea_lion__Steller's_sea_lion__Eumetopias_jubatus  largest sea lion; of the north Pacific
                    member:  #family_Phocidae__Phocidae  earless seals
                       member:  #earless_seal__earlessseal__true_seal__hair_seal  any of several seals lacking external ear flaps and having a stiff hairlike coat with hind limbs reduced to swimming flippers
                       member:  #genus_Phoca__Phoca  type genus of the Phocidae: earless seals
                          member:  #harbor_seal__common_seal__Phoca_vitulina  small spotted seal of coastal waters of the northern hemisphere
                       member:  #genus_Pagophilus__Pagophilus  harp seals
                          member:  #harp_seal__Pagophilus_groenlandicus  common arctic seal; the young are all white
                       member:  #genus_Mirounga__Mirounga  elephant seals
                          member:  #elephant_seal__sea_elephant__seaelephant  either of two large North Atlantic earless seals having snouts like trunks
                       member:  #genus_Erignathus__Erignathus  bearded seals
                          member:  #bearded_seal__beardedseal__squareflipper_square_flipper__Erignathus_barbatus  medium-sized grayish to yellow seal with bristles each side of muzzle; of Arctic Ocean
                       member:  #genus_Cystophora__Cystophora  hooded seals
                          member:  #hooded_seal__bladdernose__Cystophora_cristata  medium-sized blackish-gray seal with large inflatable sac on the head; of Arctic and north Atlantic waters
                    member:  #family_Odobenidae__Odobenidae  walruses and extinct forms
                       member:  #genus_Odobenus__Odobenus  type genus of the Odobenidae: walruses
                          member:  #walrus__seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse  either of two large northern marine mammals having ivory tusks and tough hide over thick blubber
                 member:  #family_Canidae__Canidae  dogs; wolves; jackals; foxes
                    member:  #canine__canid  any of various fissiped mammals with nonretractile claws and typically long muzzles
                    member:  #genus_Canis__Canis  type genus of the Canidae: domestic and wild dogs; wolves; jackals
                       member:  #dog__domesticdog__Canis_familiaris  a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds; "the dog barked all night"
                       member:  #wolf  any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs
                       member:  #jackal__Canis_aureus  Old World nocturnal canine mammal closely related to the dog; smaller than a wolf; sometimes hunts in a pack but usually singly or as a member of a pair
                    member:  #wild_dog  any of various undomesticated mammals of the family Canidae that are thought to resemble domestic dogs as distinguished from jackals or wolves
                    member:  #genus_Cuon__Cuon__Cyon__genus_Cyon  Asiatic wild dog
                       member:  #dhole__Cuon_alpinus  fierce wild dog of the forests of central and southeast Asia that hunts in packs
                    member:  #genus_Dusicyon__Dusicyon  crab-eating dog
                    member:  #genus_Nyctereutes__Nyctereutes  raccoon dogs
                       member:  #raccoon_dog__raccoondog__Nyctereutes_procyonides  small wild dog of eastern Asia having facial markings like those of a raccoon
                    member:  #genus_Lycaeon__Lycaeon  African hunting dog
                    member:  #genus_Vulpes__Vulpes  foxes
                       member:  #Vulpes_vulpes__red_fox  the common Old World fox; having reddish-brown fur; commonly considered a single circumpolar species
                       member:  #Vulpes_fulva__red_fox  New World fox; often considered the same species las the Old World fox
                       member:  #prairie_fox__prairiefox__kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_velox  small gray fox of the plains of western North America
                       member:  #kit_fox__kitfox__Vulpes_macrotis  small gray fox of southwestern United States; may be a subspecies of Vulpes velox
                    member:  #genus_Alopex__Alopex  arctic foxes
                       member:  #arctic_fox__white_fox__whitefox__Alopex_lagopus  thickly-furred fox of Arctic regions; brownish in summer and white in winter
                    member:  #genus_Urocyon__Urocyon  gray foxes
                       member:  #gray_fox__grey_fox__Urocyon_cinereoargenteus  dark gray American fox; from Central America through southern United States
                 member:  #family_Hyaenidae__Hyaenidae  hyenas
                    member:  #hyena__hyaena  doglike nocturnal mammal of Africa and southern Asia that feeds chiefly on carrion
                    member:  #genus_Hyaena  type genus of the Hyaenidae
                       member:  #striped_hyena__stripedhyena__Hyaena_hyaena  of northern Africa and Arabia and India
                       member:  #brown_hyena__brownhyena__strand_wolf__Hyaena_brunnea  of southern Africa
                    member:  #genus_Crocuta__Crocuta  a genus of Hyaenidae
                       member:  #spotted_hyena__spottedhyena__laughing_hyena__Crocuta_crocuta  African hyena noted for its distinctive howl
                    member:  #genus_Proteles__Proteles  aardwolf
                       member:  #aardwolf__Proteles_cristata  striped hyena of southeast Africa that feeds chiefly on insects
                 member:  #family_Felidae__Felidae  cats; wildcats; lions; leopards; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers
                    member:  #feline__felid  any of various lithe-bodied round-headed fissiped mammals many with retractile claws
                    member:  #genus_Felis__Felis  type genus of the Felidae: true cats and most wildcats
                       member:  #domestic_cat__cat__house_cat__housecat__Felis_domesticus__Felis_catus  any domesticated member of the genus Felis
                       member:  #wildcat  any small or medium-sized cat resembling the domestic cat and living in the wild
                       member:  #European_wildcat__catamountain__Felis_silvestris  bushy-tailed European wildcat resembling the domestic tabby and regarded as the ancestor of the domestic cat
                       member:  #cougar__puma__catamount__mountain_lion__painter__panther__Felis_concolor  large American feline resembling a lion
                       member:  #ocelot__panther_cat__panthercat__Felis_pardalis  nocturnal wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-spotted buff-brown coat
                       member:  #jaguarundi_cat__jaguarundi__jaguarondi__eyra__Felis_yagouaroundi  long-bodied long-tailed tropical American wildcat
                       member:  #kaffir_cat__caffer_cat__Felis_ocreata  widely distributed wildcat of Africa and Asia Minor
                       member:  #jungle_cat__Felis_chaus  small Asiatic wildcat
                       member:  #Felis_serval__serval  slender long-legged African wildcat having large untufted ears and tawny black-spotted coat
                       member:  #leopard_cat__leopardcat__Felis_bengalensis  small spotted wildcat of southern Asia and Malaysia
                       member:  #Felis_tigrina__tiger_cat__tigercat  medium-sized wildcat of Central and South America having a dark-striped coat
                       member:  #margay_cat__margay__Felis_wiedi  small spotted wildcat found from Texas to Brazil
                       member:  #Felis_manul__manul__Pallas's_cat  small wildcat of the mountains of Siberia Tibet and Mongolia
                    member:  #genus_Lynx  lynxes
                       member:  #lynx__catamount  short-tailed wildcats with usually tufted ears; valued for their fur
                    member:  #big_cat__bigcat__cat  any of several large cats typically able to roar and living in the wild
                    member:  #genus_Panthera__Panthera  lions; leopards; snow leopards; jaguars; tigers; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers
                       member:  #leopard__Panthera_pardus  large feline of African and Asian forests usually having a tawny coat with black spots
                       member:  #snow_leopard__ounce__pantherauncia  large feline of upland central Asia having long thick whitish fur
                       member:  #jaguar__panther__Panthera_onca__Felis_onca  a large spotted feline of tropical America similar to the leopard; in some classifications considered a member of the genus Felis
                       member:  #lion__king_of_beasts__Panthera_leo  large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male
                       member:  #Panthera_tigris__tiger  large feline of forests in most of Asia having a tawny coat with black stripes; endangered
                    member:  #genus_Acinonyx__Acinonyx  cheetahs
                       member:  #cheetah__chetah__Acinonyx_jubatus  long-legged spotted cat of Africa and southwestern Asia having nonretractile claws; the swiftest mammal; can be trained to run down game
                    member:  #genus_Smiledon__Smiledon  saber-toothed tigers
                       member:  #Smiledon_californicus  North American sabertooth; culmination of sabertooth development
                    member:  #genus_Nimravus__Nimravus  false sabertoothed tigers
                       member:  #false_saber-toothed_tiger__falsesabertoothedtiger  North American cat of the Miocene and Pliocene; much earlier and less specialized than members of the genus Smiledon
                 member:  #family_Ursidae__Ursidae  bears and extinct related forms
                    member:  #bear  massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws
                    member:  #genus_Ursus__Ursus  type genus of Ursidae: brown bears; in some classifications genus Ursus includes all bears
                       member:  #brown_bear__brownbear__bruin__Ursus_arctos  large ferocious bear of Eurasia
                    member:  #genus_Euarctos__Euarctos  American black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
                       member:  #American_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_americanus__Euarctos_americanus  brown to black North American bear; smaller and less ferocious than the brown bear
                    member:  #genus_Selenarctos__Selenarctos  Asiatic black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
                       member:  #Asiatic_black_bear__black_bear__blackbear__Ursus_thibetanus__Selenarctos_thibetanus  black bear of central and eastern Asia
                    member:  #genus_Thalarctos__Thalarctos  polar bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
                       member:  #ice_bear__icebear__polar_bear__polarbear__Ursus_Maritimus__Thalarctos_maritimus  white bear of arctic regions
                    member:  #genus_Melursus__Melursus  sloth bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
                       member:  #sloth_bear__slothbear__Melursus_ursinus__Ursus_ursinus  common coarse-haired long-snouted bear of south-central Asia
                 member:  #family_Viverridae__Viverridae__Viverrinae__family_Viverrinae  genets; civets; mongooses
                    member:  #viverrine_mammal__viverrinemammal__viverrine  small catlike predatory mammals of warmer parts of the Old World
                    member:  #civet__civet_cat__civetcat  catlike mammal typically secreting musk used in perfumes
                    member:  #genus_Viverra__Viverra  type genus of the family Viverridae
                    member:  #genus_Viverricula__Viverricula  a genus of Viverridae
                    member:  #genus_Arctictis__Arctictis  binturongs
                       member:  #binturong__bearcat__Arctictis_bintourong  arboreal civet of Asia having a long prehensile tail and shaggy black hair
                    member:  #genus_Cryptoprocta__Cryptoprocta  large primitive catlike carnivores inhabiting forests of Madagascar
                    member:  #genus_Fossa__Fossa  monotypic genus of Madagascar civets closely related to palm civets
                       member:  #fanaloka__Fossa_fossa  civet of Madagascar
                    member:  #genus_Genetta__Genetta  genets
                       member:  #genet__Genetta_genetta  agile Old World viverrine having a spotted coat and long ringed tail
                    member:  #genus_Hemigalus__Hemigalus  banded palm civets
                       member:  #banded_palm_civet__Hemigalus_hardwickii  E Indian civet
                    member:  #genus_Herpestes__Herpestes  mongooses
                       member:  #mongoose  agile grizzled Old World viverrine; preys on snakes and rodents
                    member:  #genus_Paradoxurus__Paradoxurus  palm civets
                       member:  #palm_cat__palm_civet  spotted or striped arboreal civet of southeast Asia and East Indies
                    member:  #genus_Suricata__Suricata  meerkats
                       member:  #meerkat__mierkat  South African mongoose-like viverrine having a face like a lemur and only four toes
                 member:  #family_Mustelidae__Mustelidae  weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens
                    member:  #musteline_mammal__mustelinemammal__musteline  fissiped fur-bearing carnivorous mammals
                    member:  #genus_Mustela__Mustela  type genus of the family Mustelidae: minks and weasels
                       member:  #weasel  small carnivorous mammal with short legs and elongated body and neck
                       member:  #mink  slender-bodied semiaquatic mammal having partially webbed feet; valued for its fur
                       member:  #fitch__polecat__foulmart__foumart__Mustela_putorius  dark brown mustelid of woodlands of Eurasia that gives off an unpleasant odor when threatened
                       member:  #black-footed_ferret__ferret__Mustela_nigripes  ferret of prairie regions of United States; nearly extinct
                    member:  #genus_Poecilogale__Poecilogale  muishonds
                       member:  #muishond  southern African weasel
                    member:  #genus_Ictonyx__Ictonyx  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #striped_muishond__stripedmuishond__Ictonyx_striata__ictonyxstriata  ferret-sized muishond often tamed
                       member:  #zoril__Ictonyx_frenata  north African muishond
                    member:  #subfamily_Lutrinae__Lutrinae  subdivision not used in some classifications: otters
                    member:  #genus_Lutra__Lutra  in some classifications considered a genus of the subfamily Lutrinae
                       member:  #otter  freshwater carnivorous mammal having webbed and clawed feet and dark brown fur
                    member:  #genus_Enhydra__Enhydra  sea otters
                       member:  #sea_otter__seaotter__Enhydra_lutris  large marine otter of northern Pacific coasts having very thick dark brown fur
                    member:  #subfamily_Mephitinae__Mephitinae  subdivision not used in some classifications: skunks
                    member:  #genus_Mephitis__Mephitis  in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Mephitinae
                       member:  #striped_skunk__stripedskunk__Mephitis_mephitis  most common and widespread North American skunk
                       member:  #hooded_skunk__Mephitis_macroura  of Mexico and southernmost parts of southwestern United States
                    member:  #genus_Conepatus__Conepatus  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #hog-nosed_skunk__hognosedskunk__hognosed_skunk__badger_skunk__rooter_skunk__Conepatus_leuconotus  large naked-muzzled skunk with white back and tail; of southwestern North America and Mexico
                    member:  #genus_Spilogale__Spilogale  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #little_spotted_skunk__spotted_skunk__spottedskunk__Spilogale_putorius  small skunk with a marbled black and white coat; of United States and Mexico
                    member:  #subfamily_Melinae__Melinae  subdivision not used in some classifications: badgers
                    member:  #genus_Taxidea__Taxidea  in some classifications considered a genus of subfamily Melinae
                       member:  #American_badger__Taxidea_taxus  a variety of badger native to America
                    member:  #genus_Meles__Meles  in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Melinae
                       member:  #Eurasian_badger__Meles_meles  a variety of badger native to Europe and Asia
                    member:  #genus_Mellivora__Mellivora  ratels
                       member:  #ratel__honey_badger__honeybadger__Mellivora_capensis  nocturnal badger-like carnivore of wooded regions of Africa and southern Asia
                    member:  #genus_Melogale__Melogale  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #ferret_badger  small ferret-like badger of southeast Asia
                    member:  #genus_Arctonyx__Arctonyx  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #hog_badger__hogbadger__hog-nosed_badger__hognosedbadger__sand_badger__Arctonyx_collaris  SE Asian badger with a snout like a pig
                    member:  #genus_Gulo__Gulo  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #carcajou__wolverine__skunk_bear__skunkbear__Gulo_luscus  stocky shaggy-coated North American carnivorous mammal
                    member:  #genus_Grison  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #grison__Grison_vittatus__Galictis_vittatus  carnivore of Central and South America resembling a weasel with a grayish-white back and dark underparts
                    member:  #genus_Galictis  alternative name for the genus Grison
                    member:  #genus_Martes__Martes  martens
                       member:  #marten_cat__marten  agile slender-bodied arboreal mustelids somewhat larger than weasels
                    member:  #genus_Charronia__Charronia  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #yellow-throated_marten__Charronia_flavigula  large yellow and black marten of S China and Burma
                    member:  #genus_Eira__Eira  a genus of Mustelidae
                       member:  #tayra__taira__Eira_barbara  long-tailed arboreal mustelid of Central and South America
                 member:  #family_Procyonidae__Procyonidae  raccoons; coatis; cacomistles; kinkajous; and sometimes pandas
                    member:  #procyonid  plantigrade carnivorous mammals
                    member:  #genus_Procyon__Procyon  type genus of the family Procyonidae: raccoons
                       member:  #raccoon__racoon  omnivorous nocturnal mammal native to North and Central America
                    member:  #subfamily_Bassariscidae__Bassariscidae  in some classifications considered a separate family
                    member:  #genus_Bassariscus__Bassariscus  cacomistles
                       member:  #bassarisk__cacomistle__cacomixle__coon_cat__raccoon_fox__raccoonfox__ringtail__ring-tailed_cat__civet_cat__civetcat__miner's_cat__Bassariscus_astutus  raccoon-like omnivorous mammal of Mexico and the southwestern United States having a long bushy tail with black and white rings
                    member:  #genus_Potos__Potos  a genus of Procyonidae
                       member:  #kinkajou__honey_bear__honeybear__potto__Potos_flavus__Potos_caudivolvulus  arboreal fruit-eating mammal of tropical America with a long prehensile tail
                    member:  #genus_Nasua__Nasua  coatis
                       member:  #coati-mondi__coatimondi__coati__coati-mundi__coatimundi__coon_cat__Nasua_narica  omnivorous mammal of Central and South America
                    member:  #genus_Ailurus__Ailurus  lesser pandas
                       member:  #lesser_panda__red_panda__redpanda__panda__bear_cat__cat_bear__catbear__ailurusfulgen  reddish-brown Old World raccoon-like carnivore; in some classifications considered unrelated to the giant pandas
                    member:  #genus_Ailuropoda__Ailuropoda  only the giant panda: in some classifications considered a genus of the separate family Ailuropodidae
                       member:  #giant_panda__giantpanda__panda__panda_bear__pandabear__coon_bear__Ailuropoda_melanoleuca  large black-and-white herbivorous mammal of bamboo forests of China and Tibet; in some classifications considered a member of the bear family or of a separate family Ailuropodidae
              member:  #Fissipedia  in some classifications considered a suborder of Carnivora
              member:  #order_Tubulidentata__Tubulidentata  an order of Eutheria
                 member:  #family_Orycteropodidae__Orycteropodidae  aardvarks
                    member:  #genus_Orycteropus__Orycteropus  coextensive with the family Orycteropodidae
                       member:  #aardvark__ant_bear__antbear__Orycteropus_afer  nocturnal burrowing mammal of the grasslands of Africa that feeds on termites; sole extant representative of the order Tubulidentata
              member:  #order_Chiroptera__Chiroptera  an old order dating to early Eocene: bats: suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bats); suborder Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats)
                 member:  #chiropteran  nocturnal mouselike mammal with forelimbs modified to form membranous wings and anatomical adaptations for echolocation by which they navigate
                 member:  #suborder_Megachiroptera__Megachiroptera  fruit bats
                    member:  #fruit_bat__fruitbat__megabat  large Old World bat of warm and tropical regions that feeds on fruit
                    member:  #genus_Pteropus__Pteropus  a genus of Megachiroptera
                       member:  #flying_fox  large bat with a head that resembles the head of a fox
                    member:  #genus_Nyctimene__Nyctimene  East Indian fruit bats
                       member:  #harpy_bat__harpybat__harpy__tube-nosed_bat__tube-nosed_fruit_bat  any of various fruit bats of the genus Nyctimene distinguished by nostrils drawn out into diverging tubes
                    member:  #genus_Cynopterus__Cynopterus  a genus of Megachiroptera
                       member:  #Cynopterus_sphinx  a variety of fruit eating bat
                 member:  #suborder_Microchiroptera__Microchiroptera  most of the bats in the world; all bats except fruit bats insectivorous bats
                    member:  #carnivorous_bat__carnivorousbat__microbat  typically having large ears and feeding primarily on insects; worldwide in distribution
                    member:  #family_Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomatidae__family_Phyllostomatidae  New World leaf-nosed bats
                       member:  #genus_Macrotus  leafnose bats
                          member:  #macrotus__Macrotus_californicus  large-eared grayish bat of southern California and northwestern Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Phyllostomus__Phyllostomus  type genus of the family Phyllostomatidae
                          member:  #spearnose_bat__spearnosebat  New World bat with a pointed nose leaf; found from southern United States to Paraguay
                       member:  #genus_Choeronycteris__Choeronycteris  a genus of Phyllostomatidae
                          member:  #hognose_bat__hognosebat__Choeronycteris_mexicana  small-eared Mexican bat with a long slender nose
                    member:  #family_Rhinolophidae__Rhinolophidae  Old World leaf-nosed bats
                       member:  #horseshoe_bat__horseshoebat  bat having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
                    member:  #family_Hipposideridae__Hipposideridae  Old World leafnose bats
                       member:  #genus_Hipposideros__Hipposideros  horseshoe bats
                          member:  #horseshoe_bat.leafnose_bat__horseshoebat  any of numerous bats of northwest Africa or Philippines or Australia having a horseshoe-shaped leaf on the nose
                       member:  #genus_Rhinonicteris__Rhinonicteris  orange horseshoe bats
                          member:  #orange_bat__orange_horseshoe_bat__Rhinonicteris_aurantius  a common bat of northwestern Australia having orange or yellow fur
                    member:  #family_Megadermatidae__Megadermatidae  Old World false vampire bats
                       member:  #genus_Megaderma__Megaderma  type genus of the Megadermatidae
                          member:  #big-eared_bat__Megaderma_lyra  large carnivorous Old World bat with very large ears
                    member:  #family_Vespertilionidae__Vespertilionidae  the majority of common bats of temperate regions of the world
                       member:  #vespertilian_bat__vespertilionid  a variety of carnivorous bat
                       member:  #genus_Vespertilio__Vespertilio  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #frosted_bat__frostedbat__Vespertilio_murinus  common Eurasian bat with white-tipped hairs in its coat
                       member:  #genus_Lasiurus__Lasiurus  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #red_bat__redbat__Lasiurus_borealis  North American brick or rusty red bat with hairs tipped with white
                       member:  #genus_Myotis__Myotis  largest and most widely distributed genus of bats
                          member:  #little_brown_bat__little_brown_myotis__Myotis_leucifugus  the small common North American bat; widely distributed
                          member:  #cave_myotis__Myotis_velifer  small bat of southwest United States that lives in caves etc.
                       member:  #genus_Eptesicus__Eptesicus  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #big_brown_bat__bigbrownbat__Eptesicus_fuscus  rather large North American brown bat; widely distributed
                       member:  #genus_Antrozous__Antrozous  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #pallid_bat__cave_bat__Antrozous_pallidus  drab yellowish big-eared cave-dwelling bat
                       member:  #genus_Pipistrellus__Pipistrellus  nearly cosmopolitan genus of very small bats
                          member:  #pipistrelle__pipistrel__Pipistrellus_pipistrellus  small European brown bat
                          member:  #eastern_pipistrel__easternpipistrel__Pipistrellus_subflavus  one of the smallest bats of eastern North America
                          member:  #western_pipistrel__westernpipistrel__SPipistrellus_hesperus  of western North America
                       member:  #genus_Euderma__Euderma  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #jackass_bat__jackassbat__spotted_bat__spottedbat__Euderma_maculata  large spotted bat of southwestern United States having enormous ears
                       member:  #genus_Plecotus__Plecotus  a genus of Vespertilionidae
                          member:  #long-eared_bat  any of various Old or New World bats having very long ears
                    member:  #family_Molossidae__Molossidae  mastiff bats; freetail bats
                       member:  #genus_Tadarida__Tadarida  freetail bats
                          member:  #freetail__freetailed_bat  small swift bat with leathery ears and a long tail; common in warm regions
                       member:  #genus_Eumops__Eumops  mastiff bats
                          member:  #mastiff_bat__mastiffbat  a soft-furred chocolate-brown bat with folded ears and small wings; often runs along the ground
                    member:  #family_Desmodontidae__Desmodontidae  true vampire bats
                       member:  #true_vampire_bat__vampire_bat__vampirebat  any of various tropical American bats of the family Desmodontidae that bite mammals and birds to feed on their blood
                       member:  #genus_Desmodus__Desmodus  type genus of the Desmodontidae: vampire bats
                          member:  #Desmodus_rotundus  mouse-sized bat of tropical Central and South America having sharp incisor and canine teeth; feeds on the blood of birds and mammals
                       member:  #genus_Diphylla__Diphylla  vampire bats
                          member:  #hairy-legged_vampire_bat__Diphylla_ecaudata  similar in size and habits to Desmodus rotundus; of tropical America including southern California and Texas
              member:  #order_Lagomorpha__Lagomorpha  rabbits; hares; pikas; formerly considered the suborder Duplicidentata of the order Rodentia
                 member:  #Duplicidentata  in former classifications considered a suborder of Rodentia coextensive with the order Lagomorpha: gnawing animals
                 member:  #lagomorph__gnawing_mammal__gnawingmammal  relative large gnawing animals; distinguished from rodents by having two pairs of upper incisors specialized for gnawing
                 member:  #family_Leporidae__Leporidae  hares and rabbits
                    member:  #leporid_mammal__leporidmammal__leporid  rabbits and hares
                    member:  #genus_Oryctolagus__Oryctolagus  Old World rabbits
                       member:  #European_rabbit__Old_World_rabbit__Oryctolagus_cuniculus  common grayish-brown burrowing animal native to S Europe and North Africa but introduced elsewhere; widely domesticated and developed in various colors and for various needs; young born naked and helpless
                    member:  #genus_Sylvilagus__Sylvilagus  North American rabbits
                       member:  #wood_rabbit__cottontail__cottontail_rabbit  common small rabbit of North America having grayish or brownish fur and a tail with a white underside; a host for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
                       member:  #swamp_rabbit__swamprabbit__swamp_hare__swamphare__Sylvilagus_aquaticus  of southeastern United States swamps and lowlands
                    member:  #genus_Lepus__Lepus  type genus of the Leporidae: hares
                       member:  #hare  swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes
                       member:  #European_hare__Lepus_europaeus  large hare introduced in North America; does not turn white in winter
                       member:  #jackrabbit  large hare of western North America
                       member:  #polar_hare__polarhare__Arctic_hare__Lepus_arcticus  large hare of Arctic America almost completely white in winter
                 member:  #family_Ochotonidae__Ochotonidae  pikas and extinct forms
                    member:  #pika__mouse_hare__mousehare__rock_rabbit__coney__cony  small short-eared burrowing mammal of rocky uplands of Asia and western North America
                    member:  #genus_Ochotona__Ochotona  type genus of the Ochotonidae
                       member:  #little_chief_hare__Ochotona_princeps  North American pika
                       member:  #collared_pika__Ochotona_collaris  similar to little chief hare and may be same species
              member:  #order_Rodentia__Rodentia  small gnawing animals: porcupines; rats; mice; squirrels; marmots; beavers; gophers; voles; hamsters; guinea pigs; agoutis
                 member:  #rodent__gnawer__gnawing_animal__gnawinganimal  relatively small gnawing animals having a single pair of constantly growing incisor teeth specialized for gnawing
                 member:  #suborder_Myomorpha__Myomorpha  true rats and mice and related rodents
                    member:  #superfamily_Muroidea__Muroidea  essential equal to suborder Myomorpha with the Dipodidae excluded
                       member:  #family_Muridae__Muridae  originally Old World rats now distributed worldwide; distinguished from the Cricetidae by typically lacking cheek pouches
                          member:  #genus_Mus__Mus  type genus of the Muridae: common house mice; upper incisors have a square-notched tip
                             member:  #house_mouse__housemouse__Mus_musculus  brownish-gray Old World mouse now a common household pest worldwide
                          member:  #genus_Micromyx__Micromyx  Old World harvest mice
                             member:  #harvest_mouse__harvestmouse__Micromyx_minutus  small reddish-brown Eurasian mouse inhabiting e.g. cornfields
                          member:  #genus_Apodemus__Apodemus  Old World field mice
                             member:  #field_mouse__fieldmouse  any nocturnal Old World mouse of the genus Apodemus inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
                             member:  #European_wood_mouse__Apodemus_sylvaticus  nocturnal yellowish-brown mouse inhabiting woods and fields and gardens
                          member:  #genus_Rattus__Rattus  common house rats; upper incisors have a beveled edge
                             member:  #brown_rat__brownrat__Norway_rat__Rattus_norvegicus  common domestic rat; serious pest worldwide
                             member:  #black_rat__blackrat__roof_rat__Rattus_rattus  common household pest originally from Asia that has spread worldwide
                          member:  #genus_Nesokia__Nesokia  bandicoot rats
                             member:  #bandicoot_rat__bandicootrat__mole_rat  burrowing scaly-tailed rat of India and Ceylon
                          member:  #genus_Conilurus__Conilurus  jerboa rats
                             member:  #jerboa_rat  large Australian rat with hind legs adapted for leaping
                          member:  #genus_Notomys__Notomys  jerboa rats
                             member:  #kangaroo_mouse  leaping rodent of Australian desert areas
                          member:  #subfamily_Hydromyinae__Hydromyinae  water rats of Australia and New Guinea
                             member:  #genus_Hydromys__Hydromys  water rats
                                member:  #beaver_rat  amphibious rat of Australia and New Guinea
                    member:  #family_Cricetidae__Cricetidae  mostly small New World rodents including New World mice and lemmings and voles and hamsters
                       member:  #New_World_mouse  a variety of rodent
                       member:  #genus_Reithrodontomys__Reithrodontomys  New World harvest mice
                          member:  #American_harvest_mouse__harvest_mouse__harvestmouse  any of several small grayish New World mice inhabiting e.g. grain fields
                       member:  #genus_Peromyscus__Peromyscus  New World wood mice
                          member:  #white-footed_mouse__vesper_mouse__Peromyscus_leucopus  American woodland mouse with white feet and underparts
                          member:  #deer_mouse__Peromyscus_maniculatus  brownish New World mouse; most widely distributed member of the genus
                          member:  #cactus_mouse__Peromyscus_eremicus  burrowing mouse of desert areas of southwestern United States
                          member:  #cotton_mouse__Peromyscus_gossypinus  large dark mouse of southeastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Baiomys__Baiomys  pygmy mice
                          member:  #pygmy_mouse__pygmymouse__Baiomys_taylori  very small dark grayish brown mouse resembling a house mouse; of Texas and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Onychomys__Onychomys  grasshopper mice
                          member:  #grasshopper_mouse__grasshoppermouse  insectivorous mouse of western North America
                       member:  #genus_Ondatra__Ondatra  muskrats
                          member:  #muskrat__Ondatra_zibethica  beaver-like aquatic rodent of North America with dark glossy brown fur
                       member:  #genus_Neofiber__Neofiber  round-tailed muskrat
                          member:  #round-tailed_muskrat__Florida_water_rat__Neofiber_alleni  of Florida wetlands
                       member:  #genus_Sigmodon__Sigmodon  American cotton rats
                          member:  #cotton_rat__Sigmodon_hispidus  destructive long-haired burrowing rat of southern North America and Central America
                       member:  #wood_rat  any of various small short-tailed rodents of the northern hemisphere having soft fur gray above and white below with well-furred tails and large ears; some are hosts for Ixodes pacificus and Ixodes scapularis (Lyme disease ticks)
                       member:  #genus_Neotoma__Neotoma  packrats
                          member:  #packrat__traderat__bushytail_woodrat__bushytailwoodrat__Neotoma_cinerea  any of several bushy-tailed rodents of the genus Neotoma of western North America; hoards food and other objects
                          member:  #dusky-footed_woodrat__Neotoma_fuscipes  host to Lyme disease tick (Ixodes pacificus) in northern California
                          member:  #eastern_woodrat__easternwoodrat__Neotoma_floridana  large grayish-brown woodrat of the southeastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Oryzomys__Oryzomys  rice rats
                          member:  #rice_rat__Oryzomys_palustris  hardy agile rat of grassy marshes of Mexico and the southeastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Pitymys__Pitymys  pine mice
                          member:  #pine_vole__pine_mouse__Pitymys_pinetorum  short-tailed glossy-furred burrowing vole of the eastern United States
                       member:  #genus_Microtus__Microtus  voles of the northern hemisphere
                          member:  #meadow_vole__meadow_mouse__Microtus_pennsylvaticus  widely distributed in grasslands of northern United States and Canada
                          member:  #Richardson_vole__water_vole__watervole__Microtus_richardsoni  of western North America
                          member:  #prairie_vole__prairievole__Microtus_ochrogaster  typical vole of the extended prairie region of central United States and southern Canada
                       member:  #genus_Arvicola__Arvicola  in some classifications considered synonymous with Microtus
                          member:  #water_vole__watervole__water_rat__waterrat__Arvicola_amphibius  common large Eurasian vole
                       member:  #genus_Clethrionomys__Clethrionomys  a genus of Cricetidae
                          member:  #red-backed_mouse__redback_vole__redbackvole  any of several voles of mountainous regions of Eurasia and America
                       member:  #genus_Phenacomys  North American boles
                          member:  #phenacomys  any of several vole-like terrestrial or arboreal rodents of cold forested regions of Canada and western United States
                       member:  #genus_Cricetus__Cricetus  type genus of the Cricetidae: Old World hamsters
                          member:  #hamster  short-tailed Old World burrowing rodent with large cheek pouches
                       member:  #genus_Mesocricetus__Mesocricetus  golden hamsters
                          member:  #golden_hamster__Syrian_hamster__Mesocricetus_auratus  small light-colored hamster often kept as a pet
                       member:  #subfamily_Gerbillinae__Gerbillinae  gerbils
                          member:  #genus_Gerbillus__Gerbillus  type genus of the Gerbillinae: typical gerbils
                          member:  #gerbil__gerbille  small Old World burrowing desert rodent with long soft pale fur and hind legs adapted for leaping
                       member:  #genus_Meriones__Meriones  a genus of Cricetidae
                          member:  #jird  North African gerbils
                          member:  #tamarisk_gerbil__Meriones_unguiculatus  popular as a pet
                          member:  #Meriones_longifrons__sand_rat  southern European gerbil
                       member:  #lemming  any of various short-tailed furry-footed rodents of circumpolar distribution
                       member:  #Lemmus__genus_lemmus  lemmings
                          member:  #European_lemming__Lemmus_lemmus  notable for mass migrations even into the sea where many drown
                          member:  #brown_lemming__brownlemming__Lemmus_trimucronatus  of northwestern Canada and Alaska
                       member:  #genus_Myopus__Myopus  a genus of Cricetidae
                          member:  #gray_lemming__red-backed_lemming  Old World lemming
                       member:  #genus_Dicrostonyx__Dicrostonyx  pied lemmings
                          member:  #pied_lemming  North American lemming having a white winter coat and some claws much enlarged
                       member:  #genus_Synaptomys__Synaptomys  bog lemmings
                    member:  #family_Zapodidae__Zapodidae  jumping mice
                       member:  #jumping_mouse__jumpingmouse  any of several primitive mouselike rodents with long hind legs and no cheek pouches; of woodlands of Eurasia and North America
                       member:  #genus_Zapus__Zapus  type genus of the Zapodidae
                          member:  #meadow_jumping_mouse__Zapus_hudsonius  widely distributed in northeastern and central United States and Canada
                    member:  #family_Dipodidae__Dipodidae  Old World jerboas
                       member:  #genus_Dipus__Dipus  type genus of the Dipodidae; typical jerboas having three toes on each hind food
                          member:  #typical_jerboa__typicaljerboa  small nocturnal jumping rodent with long hind legs; of arid parts of North Africa and Asia
                       member:  #jerboa  mouselike jumping rodent
                       member:  #genus_Jaculus__Jaculus  jerboas
                          member:  #Jaculus_jaculus  a variety of jerboa
                    member:  #family_Gliridae__Gliridae  dormice and other Old World forms
                       member:  #dormouse  small furry-tailed squirrel-like Old World rodent that becomes torpid in cold weather
                       member:  #genus_Glis__Glis  type genus of the Gliridae
                          member:  #loir__Glis_glis  large European dormouse
                       member:  #genus_Muscardinus__Muscardinus  a genus of Gliridae
                          member:  #hazel_mouse__hazelmouse__Muscardinus_avellanarius  a variety of dormouse
                       member:  #genus_Eliomys__Eliomys  lerots
                          member:  #lerot  dormouse of southern Europe and northern Africa
                    member:  #family_Spalacidae__Spalacidae  mole rats
                       member:  #genus_Spalax__Spalax  type genus of the Spalacidae
                          member:  #mole_rat  furry short-limbed tailless rodent resembling a true mole in habits and appearance; of eastern Europe and Middle East
                 member:  #suborder_Hystricomorpha__Hystricomorpha  an order of rodents including: porcupines; guinea pigs; chinchillas; etc.
                    member:  #family_Hystricidae__Hystricidae  Old World porcupines
                       member:  #Old_World_porcupine  terrestrial porcupine
                       member:  #genus_Atherurus__Atherurus  a genus of Hystricidae
                          member:  #brush-tailed_porcupine__brush-tail_porcupine  porcupine with a tuft of large beaded bristles on the tail
                       member:  #genus_Trichys__Trichys  a genus of Hystricidae
                          member:  #long-tailed_porcupine__Trichys_lipura  porcupine of Borneo and Sumatra having short spines and a long tail
                    member:  #family_Erethizontidae__Erethizontidae  New World arboreal porcupines
                       member:  #New_World_porcupine  arboreal porcupine
                       member:  #genus_Erethizon__Erethizon  a genus of Erethizontidae
                          member:  #Canada_porcupine__Erethizon_dorsatum  porcupine of northeastern North America with barbed spines concealed in the coarse fur; often gnaws buildings for salt and grease
                    member:  #family_Caviidae__Caviidae  a family of Hystricomorpha
                       member:  #genus_Cavia__Cavia  type genus of the Caviidae: guinea pigs
                          member:  #cavy  short-tailed rough-haired South American rodent
                       member:  #genus_Dolichotis__Dolichotis  maras
                          member:  #mara__Dolichotis_patagonum  hare-like rodent of the pampas of Argentina
                    member:  #family_Dasyproctidae__Dasyproctidae  agoutis and pacas
                       member:  #genus_Dasyprocta__Dasyprocta  type genus of the Dasyproctidae: agoutis
                          member:  #agouti__Dasyprocta_aguti  agile long-legged rabbit-sized rodent of Central and South America and West Indies; valued as food
                       member:  #genus_Cuniculus__Cuniculus  pacas
                       member:  #genus_Stictomys__Stictomys  mountain pacas
                          member:  #mountain_paca  rodent of mountains of western South America
                    member:  #family_Capromyidae__Capromyidae  coypus
                       member:  #genus_Myocastor__Myocastor  a genus of Capromyidae
                          member:  #Myocastor_coypus__coypu__nutria  aquatic South American rodent resembling a small beaver; bred for its fur
                    member:  #family_Chinchillidae__Chinchillidae  small bushy-tailed South American burrowing rodents
                       member:  #genus_Chinchilla  type genus of the Chinchillidae
                          member:  #Chinchilla_laniger__chinchilla  small rodent with soft pearly gray fur; native to the Andes but bred in captivity for fur
                       member:  #genus_Lagidium__Lagidium  a genus of Chinchillidae
                          member:  #mountain_chinchilla__mountain_viscacha  a rodent native to the mountains of Chile and Peru and now bred in captivity
                       member:  #genus_Lagostomus__Lagostomus  viscachas
                          member:  #viscacha__chinchillon__Lagostomus_maximus  gregarious burrowing rodent larger than the chinchillas
                       member:  #genus_Abrocoma__Abrocoma  abrocomes
                          member:  #abrocome__chinchilla_rat__rat_chinchilla__ratchinchilla  ratlike rodent with soft fur and large ears of the Andes
                    member:  #family_Bathyergidae__Bathyergidae  mole rats; sand rats
                       member:  #genus_Bathyergus__Bathyergus  mole rats
                          member:  #mole_rat.rodent__molerat  African rodent resembling a mole in habits and appearance
                       member:  #genus_Heterocephalus__Heterocephalus  sand rats
                          member:  #sand_rat  small nearly naked African mole rat of desert areas
                 member:  #suborder_Sciuromorpha__Sciuromorpha  large more or less primitive rodents: squirrels; marmots; gophers; beavers; etc.
                    member:  #family_Heteromyidae__Heteromyidae  small New World burrowing mouselike rodents with fur-lined cheek pouches and hind limbs and tail adapted to leaping; adapted to desert conditions: pocket mice; kangaroo mice; kangaroo rats
                       member:  #pocket_mouse  any of various small nocturnal burrowing desert rodents with cheek pouches and long hind legs and tail
                       member:  #genus_Perognathus__Perognathus  pocket mice
                          member:  #silky_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavus  small pale yellowish soft-furred rodent of southwestern United States and Mexico
                          member:  #plains_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_flavescens  small rodent of open areas of United States plains states
                          member:  #hispid_pocket_mouse__Perognathus_hispidus  large stiff-haired rodent of shortgrass prairies of United States
                       member:  #genus_Liomys__Liomys  pocket mice
                          member:  #Mexican_pocket_mouse__Liomys_irroratus  large pocket mouse of Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Dipodomys__Dipodomys  kangaroo rats
                          member:  #kangaroo_rat__desert_rat__Dipodomys_phillipsii  any of various leaping rodents of desert regions of North America and Mexico; largest members of the family Heteromyidae
                       member:  #genus_Microdipodops__Microdipodops  kangaroo mice
                          member:  #dwarf_pocket_rat__kangaroo_mouse  small silky-haired pouched rodent; similar to but smaller than kangaroo rats
                    member:  #family_Geomyidae__Geomyidae  North American pocket gophers
                       member:  #genus_Geomys__Geomys  type genus of the Geomyidae
                          member:  #plains_pocket_gopher__Geomys_bursarius  gopher of chiefly grasslands of central North America
                          member:  #southeastern_pocket_gopher__Geomys_pinetis  gopher of Alabama Georgia and Florida
                       member:  #pocket_gopher__gopher__pouched_rat__pouchedrat  burrowing rodent of the family Geomyidae having large external cheek pouches; of Central America and southwestern North America
                       member:  #genus_Thomomys__Thomomys  western pocket gophers
                          member:  #valley_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_bottae  of valleys and mountain meadows of western United States
                          member:  #northern_pocket_gopher__Thomomys_talpoides  grayish to brown gopher of western and central United States
                    member:  #family_Sciuridae__Sciuridae  true squirrels; ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles
                       member:  #squirrel  a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail
                       member:  #genus_Sciurus__Sciurus  type genus of the Sciuridae; typical moderate-sized arboreal squirrels
                          member:  #tree_squirrel  any typical arboreal squirrel
                          member:  #eastern_gray_squirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_carolinensis  common medium-large squirrel of eastern North America; now introduced into England
                          member:  #western_gray_squirrel__Sciurus_griseus  large gray squirrel of far western areas of United States
                          member:  #eastern_fox_squirrel__easternfoxsquirrel__fox_squirrel__foxsquirrel__Sciurus_niger  exceptionally large arboreal squirrel of eastern United States
                          member:  #black_squirrel__blacksquirrel  fox squirrel or gray squirrel in the black color phase
                          member:  #red_squirrel__redsquirrel__cat_squirrel__catsquirrel__Sciurus_vulgaris  common reddish-brown squirrel of Europe and parts of Asia
                       member:  #genus_Tamiasciurus__Tamiasciurus  American red squirrels
                       member:  #genus_Citellus__Citellus__Spermophilus__genus_Spermophilus  typical ground squirrels
                          member:  #ground_squirrel__gopher__spermophile  any of various terrestrial burrowing rodents of Old and New Worlds; often destroy crops
                       member:  #genus_Cynomys__Cynomys  prairie dogs
                          member:  #prairie_dog__prairiedog__prairie_marmot__prairiemarmot  any of several rodents of North American prairies living in large complex burrows having a barking cry
                       member:  #genus_Tamias__Tamias  chipmunks of eastern North America
                          member:  #eastern_chipmunk__easternchipmunk__hackee__striped_squirrel__stripedsquirrel__ground_squirrel__Tamias_striatus  small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches
                       member:  #genus_Eutamias__Eutamias  chipmunks of western America and Asia
                          member:  #chipmunk  chipmunk of western America and Asia
                       member:  #genus_Glaucomys__Glaucomys  New World flying squirrels
                          member:  #American_flying_squirrel  New World flying squirrels
                       member:  #genus_Marmota__Marmota  marmots
                          member:  #marmot  stocky coarse-furred burrowing rodent with a short bushy tail found throughout the northern hemisphere; hibernates in winter
                       member:  #subfamily_Petauristidae__Petauristidae  Old World flying squirrels
                          member:  #Asiatic_flying_squirrel  nocturnal rodent of Asia having furry folds of skin between forelegs and hind legs enabling it to move by gliding leaps
                          member:  #genus_Petaurista__Petaurista  very large Asiatic flying squirrels
                             member:  #taguan__flying_marmot__flying_cat__Petaurista_petaurista  East Indian flying squirrel
                    member:  #family_Castoridae__Castoridae  beavers
                       member:  #genus_Castor__Castor  type genus of the Castoridae: beavers
                          member:  #beaver  large semiaquatic rodent with webbed hind feet and a broad flat tail; construct complex dams and underwater lodges
                       member:  #genus_Castoroides__Castoroides  extinct beavers of the Pleistocene; of eastern and southern United States
                    member:  #family_Aplodontiidae__Aplodontiidae  mountain beavers
                       member:  #genus_Aplodontia__Aplodontia  type genus of the Aplodontiidae: comprising the mountain beavers
                          member:  #mountain_beaver__sewellel__Aplodontia_rufa  bulky nocturnal burrowing rodent of uplands of the Pacific coast of North America; the most primitive living rodent
                 member:  #naked_mole_rat  fetal-looking colonial rodent of east Africa; neither mole nor rat; they feed on tubers and have a social structure similar to that of honeybees and termites
              member:  #order_Hyracoidea__Hyracoidea  hyraxes and some extinct animals
                 member:  #family_Procaviidae__Procaviidae  includes all recent members of the order Hyracoidea
                    member:  #hyrax__coney__cony__dassie__das__da  any of several small ungulate mammals of Africa and Asia with rodent-like incisors and feet with hooflike toes
                    member:  #genus_Procavia__Procavia  type genus of the Procaviidae
                       member:  #rock_hyrax__rock_rabbit__Procavia_capensis  hyrax that lives in rocky areas
              member:  #order_Perissodactyla__Perissodactyla  nonruminant ungulates: horses; tapirs; rhinoceros; extinct forms
                 member:  #odd-toed_ungulate__perissodactyl__perissodactyl_mammal__perissodactylmammal  placental mammals having hooves with an odd number of toes on each foot
                 member:  #family_Equidae__Equidae  horses; asses; zebras; extinct animals
                    member:  #genus_Equus__Equus  type genus of the Equidae: only surviving genus of the family Equidae
                       member:  #horse__Equus_caballus  solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times
                          member:  #foal  a young horse
                       member:  #ass__as  hardy and sure-footed animal smaller and with longer ears than the horse
                       member:  #domestic_ass__donkey__Equus_asinus  domestic beast of burden descended from the African wild ass; patient but stubborn
                       member:  #mule  sterile offspring of a male donkey and a female horse
                       member:  #hinny  sterile offspring of a male horse and a female donkey or ass
                       member:  #wild_ass  any of several plain-colored equine mammals of Asia and northeast Africa
                       member:  #zebra  any of several fleet black-and-white striped African equines
                       member:  #Equus_quagga__quagga  mammal of South Africa that resembled a zebra; extinct since late 19th century
                    member:  #equine__equid  hoofed mammals having slender legs and a flat coat with a narrow mane along the back of the neck
                    member:  #genus_Hyracotherium__Hyracotherium  extinct horse genus; formerly called genus Eohippus
                       member:  #eohippus__dawn_horse  earliest horse; extinct primitive dog-sized 4-toed Eocene animal
                    member:  #genus_Mesohippus  a genus of Equidae
                       member:  #mesohippus  North American 3-toed Oligocene animal; probably not directly ancestral to modern horses
                    member:  #genus_Protohippus  a genus of Equidae
                       member:  #protohippus  Pliocene horse approaching donkeys in size
                    member:  #female_horse__mare  female equine animal
                 member:  #family_Rhinocerotidae__Rhinocerotidae__rhinoceros_family  rhinoceroses
                    member:  #rhinoceros__rhino  massive powerful herbivorous odd-toed ungulate of southeast Asia and Africa having very thick skin and one or two horns on the snout
                    member:  #genus_Rhinoceros  type genus of the Rhinocerotidae
                       member:  #Indian_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_unicornis  having one horn
                       member:  #woolly_rhinoceros__Rhinoceros_antiquitatis  extinct thick-haired species of arctic regions
                    member:  #genus_Ceratotherium__Ceratotherium  African genus
                    member:  #genus_Diceros__Diceros  most common species in Africa
                       member:  #black_rhinoceros__Diceros_bicornis  African rhino; in danger of extinction
                 member:  #family_Tapiridae__Tapiridae  tapirs and extinct related forms
                    member:  #genus_Tapirus__Tapirus  type genus of the Tapiridae
                       member:  #tapir  large inoffensive chiefly nocturnal ungulate of tropical America and southeast Asia having a heavy body and fleshy snout
              member:  #order_Artiodactyla__Artiodactyla  an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes
                 member:  #even-toed_ungulate__artiodactyl__artiodactyl_mammal__artiodactylmammal  placental mammal having hooves with an even number of functional toes on each foot
                 member:  #family_Suidae__Suidae  pigs; hogs; boars
                    member:  #swine  stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals
                    member:  #genus_Sus__Sus  type genus of the Suidae
                       member:  #pig__squealer__grunter__Sus_scrofa  domestic swine
                       member:  #piglet__piggy__shoat  a young pig
                       member:  #wild_boar__boar__Sus_scrofa  Old World wild swine having a narrow body and prominent tusks from which most domestic swine come; introduced in United States
                    member:  #genus_Babyrousa__Babyrousa  a genus of Suidae
                       member:  #babirusa__babiroussa__babirussa__Babyrousa_Babyrussa  Indonesian wild pig with enormous curved canine teeth
                    member:  #genus_Phacochoerus__Phacochoerus  warthogs
                       member:  #warthog  African wild swine with warty protuberances on the face and large protruding tusks
                 member:  #family_Tayassuidae__Tayassuidae  peccaries
                    member:  #genus_Tayassu__Tayassu__genus_Pecari  type genus of the Tayassuidae
                       member:  #peccary__musk_hog  nocturnal gregarious pig-like wild animals of North and South America
                 member:  #family_Hippopotamidae__Hippopotamidae  hippopotami
                    member:  #genus_Hippopotamus  type genus of the Hippopotamidae
                       member:  #hippopotamus__hippo__river_horse__riverhorse__Hippopotamus_amphibius  massive thick-skinned herbivorous animal living in or around rivers of tropical Africa
                 member:  #suborder_Ruminantia__Ruminantia  cattle; bison; sheep; goats; antelopes; deer; chevrotains; giraffes; camels
                    member:  #ruminant  any of various cud-chewing hoofed mammals having a stomach divided into four (occasionally three) compartments
                    member:  #family_Bovidae__Bovidae  true antelopes; cattle; oxen; sheep; goats
                       member:  #bovid  hollow-horned ruminants
                       member:  #subfamily_Bovinae__Bovinae  term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle; buffalo; and sometimes includes kudu
                       member:  #tribe_Bovini__Bovini  term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos
                       member:  #genus_Bos__Bos  wild and domestic cattle; in some classifications placed in the subfamily Bovinae or tribe Bovini
                          member:  #bovine  any of various members of the genus Bos
                          member:  #wild_ox__ox  any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos
                          member:  #cattle__cows__kine__oxen__Bos_taurus  domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age: "so many head of cattle"; "wait till the cows come home"; "seven thin and ill-favored kine"- Bible; "a team of oxen"
                             member:  #calf  young of domestic cattle
                          member:  #ox  an adult castrated bull of the genus Bos; especially Bos taurus
                          member:  #Bos_indicus__Brahman__Brahma__Brahmin  any of several breeds of Indian cattle; especially a large American heat and tick resistant grayish humped breed evolved in the Gulf States by interbreeding Indian cattle and now used chiefly for crossbreeding
                          member:  #zebu  domesticated ox having a humped back and long horns and a large dewlap; used chiefly as a draft animal in India and east Asia
                          member:  #aurochs__auroch__urus__Bos_primigenius  large recently extinct long-horned European wild ox; considered one of the ancestors of domestic cattle
                          member:  #Bos_grunniens__yak  large long-haired wild ox of Tibet often domesticated
                          member:  #Bos_banteng__banteng__banting  wild ox of the Malay Archipelago
                       member:  #Old_World_buffalo__buffalo  any of several Old World animals resembling oxen including, e.g., water buffalo; Cape buffalo
                       member:  #genus_Bubalus__Bubalus__tribe_Bubalus  in some classification systems included in genus Bos; water buffaloes
                          member:  #water_buffalo__waterbuffalo__water_ox__waterox__Asiatic_buffalo__Bubalus_bubalis  Asiatic buffalo often domesticated for use as a draft animal
                          member:  #tamarau__tamarao__Bubalus_mindorensis__Anoa_mindorensis  small buffalo of Mindoro in the Philippines
                       member:  #genus_Anoa  a genus of mammals of the family Bovidae
                          member:  #anoa__dwarf_buffalo__dwarfbuffalo__Anoa_depressicornis  small buffalo of the Celebes having small straight horns
                       member:  #genus_Synercus__Synercus__tribe_synercus  Cape buffalo
                          member:  #Cape_buffalo__Synercus_caffer  large often savage buffalo of southern Africa having upward-curving horns; mostly in game reserves
                       member:  #genus_Bibos__Bibos  wild ox
                          member:  #wild_ox__ox  any of various wild bovines especially of the genera Bos or closely related Bibos
                          member:  #Asian_wild_ox  genus of Asiatic wild oxen
                          member:  #gaur__Bibos_gaurus  wild ox of mountainous areas of eastern India
                          member:  #gayal__mithan__Bibos_frontalis  ox of southeast Asia sometimes considered a domesticated breed of the gaur
                       member:  #genus_Bison  sometimes considered a subgenus of genus Bos: American buffalo
                          member:  #bison  any of several large shaggy-maned humped bovids having large heads and short horns
                          member:  #American_bison__American_buffalo__buffalo__bisonbison  large shaggy-haired brown bison of North American plains
                          member:  #wisent__aurochs__auroch__Bison_bonasus  European bison having a smaller and higher head than the North American bison
                       member:  #genus_Ovibos__Ovibos  consisting of the musk-ox
                          member:  #musk_ox__musk_sheep__Ovibos_moschatus  large shaggy-coated bovid mammal of Canada and Greenland; intermediate in size and anatomy between an ox and a sheep
                       member:  #genus_Ovis__Ovis  sheep
                          member:  #sheep  woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
                          member:  #wether  male sheep especially a castrated one
                          member:  #lamb  young sheep
                          member:  #domestic_sheep__Ovis_aries  any of various breeds raised for wool or edible meat or skin
                          member:  #argali__argal__Ovis_ammon  wild sheep of semidesert regions in central Asia
                          member:  #Marco_Polo_sheep__Marco_Polo's_sheep__Ovis_poli  Asiatic wild sheep with exceptionally large horns; sometimes considered a variety of the argali (or Ovis ammon)
                          member:  #urial__Ovis_vignei  bearded reddish sheep of southern Asia
                          member:  #Dall_sheep__Dall's_sheep__white_sheep__whitesheep__Ovis_montana_dalli  large white wild sheep of northwestern Canada and Alaska
                          member:  #Rocky_Mountain_bighorn__bighorn__bighorn_sheep__bighornsheep__cimarron__Rocky_Mountain_sheep__Ovis_canadensis  wild sheep of mountainous regions of western North America having massive curled horns
                          member:  #mouflon__moufflon__Ovis_musimon  wild short-fleeced mountain sheep of Corsica and Sardinia
                       member:  #genus_Ammotragus__Ammotragus  genus of wild sheep
                          member:  #aoudad__arui__audad__Barbary_sheep__maned_sheep__manedsheep__Ammotragus_lervia  wild sheep of northern Africa
                       member:  #genus_Capra__Capra  goats
                          member:  #caprine_animal__caprineanimal__goat  any of numerous agile ruminants related to sheep but having a beard and straight horns
                       member:  #goat_antelope  bovid related to goats but having antelope-like features: mountain goats; gorals; serows; chamois; gnu goats
                       member:  #genus_Oreamnos__Oreamnos  mountain goats
                          member:  #mountain_goat__Rocky_Mountain_goat__Oreamnos_americanus  sure-footed mammal of mountainous northwestern North America
                       member:  #genus_Naemorhedus__Naemorhedus  gorals
                          member:  #Naemorhedus_goral__goral  small goat antelope with small conical horns; of South Asian mountains
                       member:  #genus_Capricornis__Capricornis  serows
                          member:  #serow  short-horned dark-coated goat antelope of mountain areas of south and southeast Asia
                       member:  #genus_Rupicapra__Rupicapra  chamois
                          member:  #chamois__Rupicapra_rupicapra  hoofed mammal of mountains of Eurasia having upright horns with backward-hooked tips
                       member:  #genus_Budorcas__Budorcas  gnu goats
                          member:  #takin__gnu_goat__gnugoat__budorcastaxicolor  large heavily built goat antelope of eastern Himalayan area
                       member:  #genus_Antilope__Antilope  blackbucks
                          member:  #blackbuck__black_buck__blackbuck__Antilope_cervicapra  common Indian antelope with a dark back and spiral horns
                       member:  #genus_Litocranius__Litocranius  E African antelopes: gerenuks
                          member:  #gerenuk__Litocranius_walleri  slender east African antelope with slim neck and backward-curving horns
                       member:  #genus_Addax  genus of antelopes of North African deserts
                          member:  #addax__Addax_nasomaculatus  large antelope with lightly spiraled horns of desert regions of North Africa
                       member:  #genus_Connochaetes__Connochaetes  African antelopes: gnus
                          member:  #gnu__wildebeest  large African antelope having a head with horns like an ox and a long tufted tail
                       member:  #genus_Madoqua__Madoqua  genus comprising some small antelopes of eastern and northeastern Africa
                          member:  #dik-dik__dikdik  any of several small antelopes of eastern Africa of the genus Madoqua; the size of a large rabbit
                       member:  #genus_Alcelaphus__Alcelaphus  African antelopes: hartebeests
                          member:  #hartebeest  large African antelope with lyre-shaped horns that curve backward
                       member:  #genus_Damaliscus__Damaliscus  African antelopes: sassabies
                          member:  #sassaby__topi__Damaliscus_lunatus  large South African antelope; considered the swiftest hoofed mammal
                       member:  #genus_Aepyceros__Aepyceros  African antelopes: impalas
                          member:  #impala__Aepyceros_melampus  African antelope with ridged curved horns; moves with enormous leaps
                       member:  #genus_Gazella__Gazella  typical gazelles
                          member:  #gazelle  small swift graceful antelope of Africa and Asia having lustrous eyes
                          member:  #Thomson's_gazelle__Gazella_thomsoni  E African Gazelle; smallest gazelle
                          member:  #Gazella_subgutturosa  a kind of gazelle
                       member:  #genus_Antidorcas__Antidorcas  springboks
                          member:  #springbok__springbuck__Antidorcas_marsupialis__Antidorcas_euchore  South African gazelle noted for springing lightly into the air
                       member:  #genus_Tragelaphus__Tragelaphus__Strepsiceros__genus_Strepsiceros  African antelopes: kudus; bongos; nyalas; bushbucks
                          member:  #bongo__Tragelaphus_eurycerus__Boocercus_eurycerus  large forest antelope of central Africa having a reddish-brown coat with white stripes and spiral horns
                          member:  #kudu__koodoo__koudou  either of two spiral-horned antelopes of the African bush
                          member:  #harnessed_antelope__harnessedantelope  any of several antelopes of the genus Tragelaphus having striped markings resembling a harness
                          member:  #nyala__Tragelaphus_angasi  spiral-horned South African antelope with a fringe of white hairs along back and neck
                          member:  #mountain_nyala__Tragelaphus_buxtoni  shaggy antelope of mountains of Ethiopia
                          member:  #bushbuck__guib__Tragelaphus_scriptus  antelope with white markings like a harness and twisted horns
                       member:  #genus_Boselaphus__Boselaphus  Indian antelopes: nilgais
                          member:  #nilgai__nylghai__blue_bull__Boselaphus_tragocamelus  large Indian antelope; male is blue-grey with white markings; female is brownish with no horns
                       member:  #genus_Hippotragus__Hippotragus  sable antelopes
                          member:  #sable_antelope__sableantelope__Hippotragus_niger  large black east African antelope with sharp back-curving horns
                       member:  #genus_Saiga  Eurasian antelopes: saigas
                          member:  #saiga__Saiga_tatarica  goat-like antelope of central Eurasia having a stubby nose like a proboscis
                       member:  #genus_Raphicerus__Raphicerus  African antelopes: steenboks
                          member:  #steenbok__steinbok__Raphicerus_campestris  small plains antelope of southeastern Africa
                       member:  #genus_Taurotragus__Taurotragus  African antelopes: elands
                          member:  #eland  either of two large African antelopes of the genus Taurotragus having short spirally twisted horns in both sexes
                          member:  #common_eland__Taurotragus_oryx  dark fawn-colored eland of South and East Africa
                          member:  #giant_eland__gianteland__Taurotragus_derbianus  large dark striped eland of western equatorial Africa
                       member:  #genus_Kobus__Kobus  African antelopes: waterbucks
                          member:  #waterbuck  any of several large African antelopes of the genus Kobus having curved ridged horns and frequenting e.g. swamps and rivers
                       member:  #genus_Adenota__Adenota  African antelopes: puku
                          member:  #puku__Adenota_vardoni  an African antelope closely related to the waterbuck
                       member:  #genus_Oryx  African antelopes: oryxes
                          member:  #oryx__pasang  large African antelope with long straight nearly upright horns
                       member:  #genus_Pseudoryx__Pseudoryx  species of large cow-like mammals of Vietnam discovered by scientists in 1992
                          member:  #forest_goat__spindle_horn__spindlehorn__Pseudoryx_nghetinhensis  cow-like creature with the glossy coat of a horse and the agility of a goat and the long horns of an antelope; characterized as a cow that lives the life of a goat
                    member:  #family_Antilocapridae__Antilocapridae  comprising only the pronghorns
                       member:  #genus_Antilocapra__Antilocapra  type and sole genus of the Antilocapridae comprising one species
                          member:  #pronghorn_antelope__pronghornantelope__pronghorn__prongbuck__American_antelope__Antilocapra_americana  fleet antelope-like ruminant of western North American plains with small branched horns
                    member:  #family_Cervidae__Cervidae  deer: reindeer; moose or elks; muntjacs; roe deer
                       member:  #deer__cervid  distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers
                       member:  #genus_Cervus__Cervus  type genus of the Cervidae
                          member:  #red_deer__reddeer__cervuselaphu  common deer of temperate Europe and Asia
                          member:  #sambar__sambur__Cervus_unicolor  South Asian deer with three-tined antlers
                          member:  #wapiti__American_elk__Cervus_canadensis  large North American deer with large much-branched antlers
                          member:  #Japanese_deer__sika__Cervus_nipon__Cervus_sika  small deer of Japan with slightly forked antlers
                       member:  #genus_Odocoileus__Odocoileus  North American deer
                          member:  #Virginia_deer__white_tail__whitetail__white-tailed_deer__whitetail_deer__whitetaildeer__Odocoileus_Virginianus  common North American deer; tail has a white underside
                          member:  #mule_deer__burro_deer__burrodeer__Odocoileus_hemionus  long-eared deer of western North America with two-pronged antlers
                       member:  #genus_Alces__Alces  elk or moose
                          member:  #European_elk__elk__Alces_alces  large northern deer with enormous flattened antlers in the male; called elk in Europe and moose in North America
                       member:  #genus_Dama__Dama  fallow deer
                          member:  #fallow_deer__Dama_dama  small Eurasian deer
                       member:  #genus_Capreolus__Capreolus  roe deer
                          member:  #roe_deer__roedeer__Capreolus_capreolus  small graceful deer of Eurasian woodlands having small forked antlers
                       member:  #genus_Rangifer__Rangifer  reindeer or caribou
                          member:  #Greenland_caribou__caribou__reindeer__Rangifer_tarandus  arctic deer with large antlers in both sexes; called reindeer in Eurasia and caribou in North America
                       member:  #genus_Mazama__Mazama  brockets
                          member:  #brocket.deer  small South American deer with unbranched antlers
                       member:  #genus_Muntiacus__Muntiacus  muntjacs
                          member:  #muntjac__barking_deer__barkingdeer  small Asian deer with small antlers and a cry like a bark
                       member:  #genus_Moschus__Moschus  musk deer
                          member:  #musk_deer__Moschus_moschiferus  small heavy-limbed upland deer of central Asia; male secretes valued musk
                       member:  #genus_Elaphurus__Elaphurus  a genus of Cervidae
                          member:  #pere_david's_deer__elaphure__Elaphurus_davidianus  large Chinese deer surviving only in domesticated herds
                    member:  #family_Tragulidae__Tragulidae  chevrotains
                       member:  #chevrotain__mouse_deer__mousedeer  very small hornless deer-like ruminant of tropical Asia and west Africa
                       member:  #genus_Tragulus__Tragulus  type genus of the Tragulidae
                          member:  #Tragulus_kanchil__kanchil  small chevrotain of southeastern Asia
                          member:  #napu__Tragulus_Javanicus  chevrotain somewhat larger than the kanchil; found in India and Malaya
                       member:  #genus_Hyemoschus__Hyemoschus  water chevrotains
                          member:  #water_chevrotain__waterchevrotain__water_deer__waterdeer__Hyemoschus_aquaticus  largest chevrotain; of marshy areas of west Africa
                 member:  #family_Camelidae__Camelidae  camels and llamas and vicunas
                    member:  #genus_Camelus__Camelus  type genus of the Camelidae: camels
                       member:  #camel  cud-chewing mammal used as a draft or saddle animal in desert regions
                    member:  #genus_Lama__Lama  llamas
                       member:  #domestic_llama__Lama_peruana  used in the Andes as a beast of burden and source of wool; considered a domesticated variety of the guanaco
                       member:  #guanaco__Lama_guanicoe  wild llama
                       member:  #Lama_pacos__alpaca  domesticated llama with long silky fleece; believed to be a domesticated variety of the guanaco
                    member:  #genus_Vicugna__Vicugna  a genus of Camelidae
                       member:  #Vicugna_vicugna__vicuna  small wild cud-chewing Andean animal similar to the guanaco but smaller; valued for its fleecy undercoat
              member:  #order_Edentata__Edentata  order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters; sloths; armadillos
                 member:  #edentate  primitive terrestrial mammal with few if any teeth; of tropical Central and South America
                 member:  #suborder_Xenarthra__Xenarthra  armadillos; American anteaters; sloths
                    member:  #family_Dasypodidae__Dasypodidae  armadillos
                       member:  #armadillo  burrowing chiefly nocturnal mammal with body covered with strong horny plates
                       member:  #genus_Dasypus__Dasypus__dasypu  type genus of the Dasypodidae
                          member:  #peba__nine-banded_armadillo__Texas_armadillo__Dasypus_novemcinctus  having nine hinged bands of bony plates; ranges from Texas to Paraguay
                       member:  #genus_Tolypeutes__Tolypeutes  a genus of Dasypodidae
                          member:  #apar__three-banded_armadillo__Tolypeutes_tricinctus  South American armadillo with three bands of bony plates
                       member:  #genus_Cabassous  solely the tatouay
                          member:  #tatouay__cabassous__cabassou__Cabassous_unicinctus  naked-tailed armadillo of tropical South America
                       member:  #genus_Euphractus__Euphractus  a genus of Dasypodidae
                          member:  #peludo__poyou__Euphractus_sexcinctus  Argentine armadillo with six movable bands and hairy underparts
                       member:  #genus_Priodontes__Priodontes  solely the giant armadillo
                       member:  #genus_Chlamyphorus__Chlamyphorus  pichiciago
                          member:  #pichiciago__pichiciego__fairy_armadillo__fairyarmadillo__chlamyphore__Chlamyphorus_truncatus  very small Argentine armadillo with pale silky hair and pink plates on head and neck
                       member:  #genus_Burmeisteria__Burmeisteria  a genus of Dasypodidae
                          member:  #greater_pichiciego__greaterpichiciego__Burmeisteria_retusa  of southern South America
                    member:  #family_Bradypodidae__Bradypodidae  true sloths; in some
                       member:  #tree_sloth__sloth  any of several slow-moving arboreal mammals of South and Central America; they hang from branches back downward and feed on leaves and fruits
                       member:  #genus_Bradypus__Bradypus  type genus of the Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths
                          member:  #three-toed_sloth__ai__Bradypus_tridactylus  a sloth that has three long claws on each forefoot
                    member:  #family_Megalonychidae__Megalonychidae  two-toed sloths
                       member:  #genus_Choloepus__Choloepus  a genus of Megalonychidae
                          member:  #Choloepus_didactylus__two-toed_sloth__unau  relatively small fast-moving sloth
                          member:  #two-toed_sloth__unau__Choloepus_hoffmanni  relatively small fast-moving sloth
                    member:  #family_Megatheriidae__Megatheriidae  extinct ground sloths
                       member:  #megatherian_mammal__megatherianmammal__megatherian__megatheriid  a large extinct ground sloth
                       member:  #genus_Megatherium__Megatherium  type genus of the Megatheriidae
                          member:  #ground_sloth__megathere  gigantic extinct terrestrial sloth-like mammal of the Pliocene and Pleistocene in America
                    member:  #family_Myrmecophagidae__Myrmecophagidae  New World anteaters
                       member:  #New_World_anteater__anteater  any of several tropical American mammals of the family Myrmecophagidae which lack teeth and feed on ants and termites
                       member:  #genus_Myrmecophaga__Myrmecophaga  type genus of the Myrmecophagidae; South American ant bear
                          member:  #ant_bear__antbear__giantanteater__great_anteater__greatanteater__tamanoir__Myrmecophaga_jubata  large shaggy-haired toothless anteater with long tongue and powerful claws; of South America
                       member:  #genus_Cyclopes__Cyclopes  only the silky anteater
                          member:  #silky_anteater__silkyanteater__two-toed_anteater__Cyclopes_didactylus  squirrel-sized South American toothless anteater with long silky golden fur
                       member:  #genus_Tamandua  lesser anteater
                          member:  #tamandua__tamandu__lesser_anteater__Tamandua_tetradactyla  small toothless anteater with prehensile tale and four-clawed forelimbs; of tropical South and Central America
                 member:  #family_Mylodontidae__Mylodontidae  extinct South American edentates
                    member:  #mylodontid  a variety of extinct edentate
                    member:  #genus_Mylodon  type genus of the Mylodontidae; sometimes included in family Megatheriidae
                       member:  #mylodon  large (bear-sized) extinct edentate mammal of the Pleistocene in South America
                    member:  #mapinguari  supposed human-sized sloth-like creature reported sighted by Indians in the Amazon rain forest
              member:  #order_Pholidota__Pholidota  pangolins; in some former classifications included in the order Edentata
                 member:  #family_Manidae__Manidae  coextensive with the order Pholidota
                    member:  #genus_Manis__Manis  type genus of the Manidae
                       member:  #pangolin__scaly_anteater__scalyanteater__anteater  toothless mammal of southern Africa and Asia having a body covered with horny scales and a long snout for feeding on ants and termites
              member:  #order_Primates__Primates  an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings
                 member:  #primate  any placental mammal of the order Primates; has good eyesight and flexible hands and feet
                 member:  #suborder_Anthropoidea__Anthropoidea  monkeys; apes; hominids
                    member:  #anthropoid_ape  any tailless ape of the families Pongidae and Hylobatidae
                    member:  #superfamily_Hominoidea__Hominoidea  anthropoid apes and human beings
                       member:  #hominoid  a primate of the superfamily Hominoidea
                       member:  #genus_Proconsul  genus of extinct primitive African Miocene primates; sometimes considered a subgenus of Dryopithecus
                          member:  #proconsul  an anthropoid ape of the genus Proconsul
                       member:  #genus_Kenyapithecus__Kenyapithecus  extinct primate having powerful chewing muscles along with large molars and small incisors; fossils found in Kenya
                       member:  #genus_Aegyptopithecus  a genus of Hominoidea
                          member:  #Aegyptopithecus  extinct primate of about 38 million years ago; fossils found in Egypt
                       member:  #genus_Algeripithecus__Algeripithecus  an extinct genus of Hominoidea
                          member:  #Algeripithecus_minutus  tiny (150 to 300 grams) extinct primate of 46 to 50 million years ago; fossils found in Algeria; considered by some authorities the leading candidate for the first anthropoid
                    member:  #family_Hominidae__Hominidae  modern man and extinct immediate ancestors of man
                       member:  #hominid  a primate of the family Hominidae
                       member:  #genus_Homo  type genus of the family Hominidae
                          member:  #human__man__homo__human_being__humanbeing  any living or extinct member of the family Hominidae
                             member:  #homo_erectus  a member of an extinct species of human being; probably an ancestor of modern man
                          member:  #Homo_erectus  extinct species of primitive hominid with upright stature but small brain; " Homo erectus was formerly called Pithecanthropus erectus"
                          member:  #Homo_soloensis  extinct primitive hominid of late Pleistocene; Java; formerly Javanthropus
                          member:  #Homo_habilis  extinct species of upright east African hominid having some advanced humanlike characteristics
                          member:  #Homo_sapiens  the only surviving hominid; species to which modern man belongs; bipedal primate having language and ability to make and use complex tools; brain 1400 cc
                          member:  #Neandertal_man__Neanderthal_man__Neandertal__Neanderthal__Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis  extinct robust human of Middle Paleolithic in Europe and western Asia
                          member:  #Cro-magnon  extinct human of Upper Paleolithic in Europe
                          member:  #Boskop_man  possible early Homo sapiens represented by a cranium found in the Transvaal; formerly considered a separate species
                          member:  #Homo_sapiens_sapiens__modern_man  subspecies of Homo sapiens; includes all modern races
                       member:  #genus_Australopithecus__Australopithecus  extinct genus of African hominid
                          member:  #australopithecine  any of several extinct humanlike small-brained bipedal primates of the genus Australopithecus; from 1 to 4 million years ago
                          member:  #Australopithecus_afarensis  fossils found in Ethiopia; from 3.5 to 4 million years ago
                          member:  #Lucy  incomplete skeleton of female found in eastern Ethiopia in 1974
                          member:  #Australopithecus_africanus  gracile hominid of southern Africa; from about 3 million years ago
                          member:  #Australopithecus_boisei  large-toothed hominid of eastern Africa; from 1 to 2 million years ago
                          member:  #Australopithecus_robustus  large-toothed hominid of southern Africa; from 1.5 to 2 million years ago; formerly Paranthropus
                       member:  #genus_Plesianthropus__Plesianthropus  former name for the genus Australopithecus
                       member:  #genus_Sivapithecus  extinct primates; lower Pliocene
                          member:  #Sivapithecus  fossil primates found in India
                       member:  #genus_Dryopithecus__Dryopithecus  genus of Old World hominoids; Miocene and Pliocene
                          member:  #dryopithecine  considered a possible ancestor to both anthropoid apes and humans
                          member:  #rudapithecus__Dryopithecus_Rudapithecus_hungaricus  fossil hominoids from north central Hungary; late Miocene
                       member:  #genus_Ouranopithecus__Ouranopithecus  a genus of Hominidae
                       member:  #genus_Lufengpithecus__Lufengpithecus  a genus of Hominidae
                    member:  #family_Pongidae__Pongidae  usually considered as comprising orangutans; gorillas; chimpanzees; and sometimes gibbons
                       member:  #great_ape__greatape__pongid  any of the large anthropoid apes of the family Pongidae
                       member:  #genus_Pongo__Pongo  type genus of the family Pongidae: orangutans
                          member:  #orangutan__orang__orangutang__Pongo_pygmaeus  large long-armed ape of Borneo and Sumatra having arboreal habits
                       member:  #genus_Gorilla  gorillas
                          member:  #Gorilla_gorilla__gorilla  largest anthropoid ape; terrestrial and vegetarian; of forests of central west Africa
                          member:  #western_lowland_gorilla__westernlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_gorilla  a kind of gorilla
                          member:  #eastern_lowland_gorilla__easternlowlandgorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_grauri  a kind of gorilla
                          member:  #mountain_gorilla__Gorilla_gorilla_beringei  gorilla of Kivu highlands
                          member:  #silverback  an adult male gorilla with gray hairs across the back
                       member:  #genus_Pan__Pan  chimpanzees; more closely related to Australopithecus than to other pongids
                          member:  #chimpanzee__chimp__Pan_troglodytes  intelligent somewhat arboreal ape of equatorial African forests
                          member:  #pygmy_chimpanzee__pygmychimpanzee__bonobo__Pan_paniscus  small chimpanzee of swamp forests in Zaire; a threatened species
                    member:  #family_Hylobatidae__Hylobatidae  used in some classifications for the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs); sometimes considered a subfamily of Pongidae
                       member:  #lesser_ape  gibbons and siamangs
                       member:  #genus_Hylobates__Hylobates  gibbons
                          member:  #gibbon__Hylobates_lar  smallest and most perfectly anthropoid arboreal ape having long arms and no tail; of southern Asia and East Indies
                          member:  #siamang__Hylobates_syndactylus__Symphalangus_syndactylus  large black gibbon of Sumatra having the 2nd and 3rd toes partially united by a web
                       member:  #genus_Symphalangus__Symphalangus  used in some classifications for the siamangs
                    member:  #family_Cercopithecidae__Cercopithecidae  Old World monkeys: guenon; baboon; colobus monkey; langur; macaque; mandrill; mangabey; patas; proboscis monkey
                       member:  #Old_World_monkey  of Africa Arabia or Asia; having nonprehensile tails and nostrils close together
                       member:  #genus_Cercopithecus__Cercopithecus  type genus of the Cercopithecidae: guenons
                          member:  #guenon_monkey__guenon  small slender African monkey having long hind limbs and tail and long hair around the face
                       member:  #genus_Cercocebus__Cercocebus  mangabeys
                          member:  #mangabey  large agile arboreal monkey with long limbs and tail and white upper eyelids
                       member:  #genus_Erythrocebus__Erythrocebus  patas
                          member:  #Erythrocebus_patas__patas__pata__hussar_monkey  reddish long-tailed monkey of west Africa
                       member:  #genus_Papio__Papio  baboons
                       member:  #genus_Mandrillus__Mandrillus  baboons
                          member:  #mandrill__Mandrillus_sphinx  baboon of west Africa with red and blue muzzle and hindquarters
                       member:  #genus_Macaca__Macaca  macaques; rhesus monkeys
                          member:  #macaque  short-tailed monkey of rocky regions of Asia and Africa
                       member:  #genus_Presbytes__Presbytes__mammal_Semnopithecus  langurs
                          member:  #langur  slender long-tailed monkey of Asia
                       member:  #genus_Colobus  a genus of Cercopithecidae
                          member:  #colobus_monkey__colobusmonkey__colobus  arboreal monkey of western and central Africa with long silky fur and reduced thumbs
                       member:  #genus_Nasalis__Nasalis__nasali  proboscis monkeys
                    member:  #superfamily_Platyrrhini__Platyrrhini  New World monkeys: capuchin; douroucouli; howler monkey; saki; spider monkey; squirrel monkey; titi; uakari; woolly monkey; marmoset; tamarin
                       member:  #New_World_monkey  hairy-faced arboreal monkeys having widely separated nostrils and long usually prehensile tails
                       member:  #family_Callithricidae__Callithricidae  marmosets
                          member:  #marmoset  small soft-furred South and Central American monkey with claws instead of nails
                          member:  #genus_Callithrix__Callithrix  type genus of the Callithricidae: true marmosets
                             member:  #true_marmoset  a marmoset
                          member:  #genus_Cebuella__Cebuella  pygmy marmosets
                             member:  #pygmy_marmoset__pygmymarmoset__Cebuella_pygmaea  the smallest monkey; of tropical forests of the Amazon
                          member:  #genus_Leontocebus__Leontocebus__genus_Leontideus  tamarins
                             member:  #tamarin__lion_monkey__lion_marmoset__leoncita  small South American marmoset with silky fur and long nonprehensile tail
                       member:  #family_Cebidae__Cebidae  all the New World monkeys except marmosets and tamarins
                          member:  #genus_Cebus__Cebus  type genus of the Cebidae
                             member:  #Cebus_capucinus__capuchin__ringtail  monkey of Central and South America having a cowl of thick hair on the head
                          member:  #genus_Aotus__Aotus  douroucoulis
                             member:  #douroucouli__Aotus_trivirgatus  nocturnal monkey of Central and South America with large eyes and thick fur
                          member:  #genus_Alouatta__Alouatta  howler monkeys
                             member:  #howler_monkey__howler  monkey of tropical South American forests having a loud howling cry
                          member:  #genus_Pithecia__Pithecia  sakis
                             member:  #saki  small arboreal monkey of tropical South America with long hair and bushy nonprehensile tail
                          member:  #genus_Cacajao__Cacajao  uakaris
                             member:  #uakari  medium-sized tree-dwelling monkey of the Amazon basin; only New World monkey with a short tail
                          member:  #genus_Callicebus__Callicebus  titis
                             member:  #titi_monkey__titi  small South American monkeys with long beautiful fur and long nonprehensile tail
                          member:  #genus_Ateles__Ateles  spider monkeys
                             member:  #spider_monkey__Ateles_geoffroyi  arboreal monkey of tropical America with long slender legs and long prehensile tail
                          member:  #genus_Saimiri__Saimiri  squirrel monkeys
                          member:  #genus_Lagothrix__Lagothrix  woolly monkeys
                             member:  #woolly_monkey  large monkeys with dark skin and woolly fur of the Amazon and Orinoco basins
                 member:  #suborder_Prosimii__Prosimii  not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea
                    member:  #prosimian  primitive primates having large ears and eyes and characterized by nocturnal habits
                 member:  #Adapid_group__Adapid  extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendents probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
                 member:  #suborder_Lemuroidea__Lemuroidea  Lemuridae; Lorisidae; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii; in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii
                    member:  #lemur  large-eyed arboreal prosimian having foxy faces and long furry tails
                    member:  #family_Lemuridae__Lemuridae  typical lemurs; of Madagascar
                       member:  #genus_Lemur  type genus of the Lemuridae
                          member:  #Madagascar_cat__ring-tailed_lemur__Lemur_catta  small lemur having its tail barred with black
                    member:  #family_Lorisidae__Lorisidae  slow-moving omnivorous nocturnal primates of tropical Asia; usually tailless
                       member:  #genus_Loris  type genus of the Lorisidae
                          member:  #slender_loris__slenderlori__Loris_gracilis  slim-bodied lemur of southern India and Sri Lanka
                       member:  #genus_Nycticebus__Nycticebus  a genus of Lorisidae
                          member:  #slow_loris__Nycticebus_tardigradua__Nycticebus_pygmaeus  stocky lemur of southeastern Asia
                       member:  #genus_Perodicticus__Perodicticus  a genus of Lorisidae
                          member:  #Perodicticus_potto__potto__kinkajou  a kind of lemur
                       member:  #genus_Arctocebus__Arctocebus  a genus of Lorisidae
                          member:  #angwantibo__golden_potto__Arctocebus_calabarensis  a kind of lemur
                       member:  #genus_Galago  bush babies
                          member:  #galago__bushbaby__bush_baby  agile long-tailed nocturnal African lemur with dense woolly fur and large eyes and ears
                    member:  #family_Indriidae__Indriidae  a family of Lemuroidea
                       member:  #genus_Indri  type genus of the Indriidae
                          member:  #Indri_indri__indri__indris__Indri_brevicaudatus  large short-tailed lemur of Madagascar having thick silky fur in black and white and fawn
                       member:  #genus_Avahi__Avahi  a genus of Indriidae
                          member:  #woolly_indris__Avahi_laniger  nocturnal indris with thick gray-brown fur and a long tail
                 member:  #suborder_Strepsirhini__Strepsirhini  in some classifications either coextensive with the Lemuroidea or comprising the true lemurs
                 member:  #Omomyid_group__Omomyid  extinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
                 member:  #suborder_Tarsioidea__Tarsioidea  in some classifications assigned to the suborder Prosimii
                    member:  #family_Tarsiidae__Tarsiidae  coextensive with the genus Tarsius: tarsiers
                       member:  #genus_Tarsius__Tarsius  type and sole genus of the family Tarsiidae
                          member:  #tarsier  nocturnal arboreal primate of Indonesia and the Philippines having huge eyes and digits ending in pads to facilitate climbing; the only primate that spurns all plant material as food living entirely on insects and small vertebrates
              member:  #order_Scandentia__Scandentia  a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)
                 member:  #family_Tupaiidae__Tupaiidae  tree shrews; in some classifications tree shrews are considered prosimian primates
                    member:  #genus_Tupaia__Tupaia  type genus of the Tupaia: chief genus of tree shrews
                    member:  #tree_shrew  insectivorous arboreal mammal of southeast Asia that resembles a squirrel with large eyes and long sharp snout
                    member:  #genus_Ptilocercus__Ptilocercus  pentails
                       member:  #pentail__pen-tailed_tree_shrew  brown tree shrew having a naked tail bilaterally fringed with long stiff hairs on the distal third; of Malaysia
              member:  #order_Dermoptera__Dermoptera  flying lemurs
                 member:  #family_Cynocephalidae__Cynocephalidae  a family of Dermoptera
                    member:  #genus_Cynocephalus__Cynocephalus  type genus of the family Cynocephalidae
                       member:  #flying_lemur__flying_cat__colugo  arboreal nocturnal mammal of southeast Asia and the Philippines resembling a lemur and having a fold of skin on each side from neck to tail that is used for long gliding leaps
              member:  #order_Proboscidea__Proboscidea  an order of animals including elephants and mammoths
                 member:  #proboscidean__proboscidian  massive herbivorous mammals having tusks and a long trunk
                 member:  #family_Elephantidae__Elephantidae  elephants
                    member:  #elephant  five-toed pachyderm
                    member:  #genus_Elephas__Elephas  type genus of the family Elephantidae
                       member:  #Indian_elephant__Elephas_maximus  Asian elephant having smaller ears and tusks primarily in the male
                    member:  #genus_Loxodonta__Loxodonta  a genus of Elephantidae
                       member:  #African_elephant__Loxodonta_africana  African elephant having enormous flapping ears and ivory tusks
                    member:  #genus_Mammuthus__Mammuthus  extinct genus: mammoths
                       member:  #mammoth  any of numerous extinct elephants widely distributed in the Pleistocene; extremely large with hairy coats and long upcurved tusks
                    member:  #genus_Archidiskidon__Archidiskidon  a genus of Elephantidae
                       member:  #imperial_mammoth__imperial_elephant__Archidiskidon_imperator  largest known mammoth; of America
                 member:  #family_Mammutidae__Mammutidae__family_Mastodontidae  extinct family: mastodons
                    member:  #genus_Mammut__Mammut__genus_Mastodon  extinct type genus of the Mammutidae: mastodons
                       member:  #mastodon__mastodont  extinct elephant-like mammal that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differ from mammoths in the form of the molar teeth
                       member:  #American_mastodon__American_mastodont__Mammut_americanum  North American mastodon; in some classifications considered a mammoth rather than a mastodon
                 member:  #family_Gomphotheriidae__Gomphotheriidae  elephants extinct since the Pleistocene
                    member:  #genus_Gomphotherium__Gomphotherium  type genus of the Gomphotheriidae
                       member:  #gomphothere  extinct elephants of Central and South America; of the Miocene and Pleistocene
              member:  #family_Ailuropodidae__Ailuropodidae  in some classifications considered the family comprising the giant pandas
           member:  #Ungulata  in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising all hoofed mammals; now divided into the orders Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates) and Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
              member:  #order_Dinocerata__Dinocerata  small order of primitive ungulates of the Paleocene and Eocene
                 member:  #family_Uintatheriidae__Uintatheriidae  an extinct family of Dinocerata
                    member:  #genus_Uintatherium__Uintatherium  type genus of the Uintatheriidae; extinct large herbivorous ungulates somewhat resembling elephants; from the Eocene in Wyoming
                       member:  #dinoceras__dinocera__uintathere  a variety of dinocerate
           member:  #Unguiculata  in former classifications a major division of Mammalia comprising mammals with nails or claws; distinguished from hoofed mammals and cetaceans
        member:  #mammal_family  a family of mammals
        member:  #mammal_genus  a genus of mammals
        member:  #Pisces  a group of vertebrates comprising both cartilaginous and bony fishes and sometimes including the jawless vertebrates; not used technically
           member:  #fish  any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills
        member:  #class_Osteichthyes__Osteichthyes  a class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage
           member:  #bony_fish  any fish of the class Osteichthyes
           member:  #subclass_Crossopterygii__Crossopterygii  fishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians
              member:  #crossopterygian__lobefin__lobe-finned_fish  any fish of the order Crossopterygii; most known only in fossil form
              member:  #family_Latimeridae__Latimeridae  extinct except for the coelacanth
                 member:  #genus_Latimeria__Latimeria  type genus of the Latimeridae: coelacanth
                    member:  #coelacanth__Latimeria_chalumnae  fish thought to have been extinct since the Cretaceous Period but found in 1938 off the coast of Africa
           member:  #subclass_Dipnoi__Dipnoi  bony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii
              member:  #lungfish  air-breathing fish having an elongated body and fleshy paired fins; certain species construct mucus-lined mud coverings in which to survive drought
              member:  #family_Ceratodontidae__Ceratodontidae  lungfishes having hornlike ridges on the teeth
                 member:  #genus_Ceratodus  type genus of the Ceratodontidae: extinct genus of lungfishes
                    member:  #ceratodus  extinct lungfish
                 member:  #genus_Neoceratodus__Neoceratodus  extant Australian lungfishes
                    member:  #barramunda__barramundi__Neoceratodus_forsteri  large edible Australian lungfish having paddle-shaped fins
           member:  #subclass_Teleostei__Teleostei  large diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species
              member:  #superorder_Malacopterygii__Malacopterygii  an extensive group of teleost fishes having fins supported by flexible cartilaginous rays
                 member:  #soft-finned_fish__malacopterygian  any fish of the superorder Malacopterygii
                    member:  #whitebait  the edible young of especially herrings and sprats and smelts
                 member:  #order_Cypriniformes__Cypriniformes  an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi
                    member:  #cypriniform_fish__cypriniformfish  a soft-finned fish of the order Cypriniformes
                    member:  #family_Cobitidae__Cobitidae  loaches
                       member:  #loach  slender freshwater fishes of Eurasia and Africa resembling catfishes
                    member:  #family_Cyprinidae__Cyprinidae  a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace
                       member:  #cyprinid_fish__cyprinid  soft-finned mainly freshwater fishes typically having toothless jaws and cycloid scales
                       member:  #carp  any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae
                       member:  #genus_Cyprinus__Cyprinus  type genus of the family Cyprinidae: carp
                          member:  #domestic_carp__Cyprinus_carpio  large Old World freshwater bottom-feeding fish introduced into Europe from Asia; inhabits ponds and sluggish streams and often raised for food; introduced into United States where it has become a pest
                       member:  #genus_Abramis__Abramis  European fishes
                          member:  #European_bream__Abramis_brama  European freshwater fish having a flattened body and silvery scales; of little value as food
                       member:  #genus_Tinca__Tinca  tench
                          member:  #tench__Tinca_tinca  freshwater dace-like game fish of Europe and western Asia noted for ability to survive outside water
                       member:  #genus_Leuciscus__Leuciscus  a genus of fish including: dace, chub
                          member:  #dace__Leuciscus_leuciscus  small European freshwater fish with a slender bluish-green body
                          member:  #chub__Leuciscus_cephalus  European freshwater game fish with a thick spindle-shaped body
                       member:  #genus_Notropis__Notropis  shiners
                          member:  #common_shiner__silversides__Notropis_cornutus  the common North American shiner
                       member:  #genus_Notemigonus__Notemigonus  golden shiners
                       member:  #genus_Rutilus__Rutilus  roaches
                          member:  #Rutilus_rutilus__roach  European freshwater food fish having a greenish back
                       member:  #genus_Scardinius__Scardinius  rudds
                          member:  #rudd__Scardinius_erythrophthalmus  European freshwater fish resembling the roach
                       member:  #genus_Phoxinus__Phoxinus  minnows
                          member:  #minnow__Phoxinus_phoxinus  very small European freshwater fish common in gravelly streams
                       member:  #genus_Gobio__Gobio  true gudgeons
                          member:  #gudgeon__gobiogobio  small slender European freshwater fish often used as bait by anglers
                       member:  #genus_Carassius__Carassius  goldfish
                          member:  #goldfish__Carassius_auratus  small golden or orange-red freshwater fishes of Eurasia used as pond or aquarium fishes
                          member:  #crucian_carp__cruciancarp__Carassius_carassius__Carassius_vulgaris  European carp closely resembling wild goldfish
                    member:  #family_Electrophoridae__Electrophoridae  small family comprising the electric eels
                       member:  #genus_Electrophorus__Electrophorus  type genus of the family Electrophoridae; electric eels
                          member:  #electric_eel__Electrophorus_electric  eel-shaped freshwater fish of South America having electric organs in its body
                    member:  #family_Catostomidae__Catostomidae  suckers; closely related to the family Cyprinidae
                       member:  #catostomid  a cypriniform fish of the family Catostomidae
                       member:  #sucker  mostly North American freshwater fishes with a thick-lipped mouth for feeding by suction; related to carps
                       member:  #genus_Catostomus__Catostomus  type genus of the family Catostomidae
                       member:  #genus_Ictiobus__Ictiobus  buffalo fishes
                          member:  #black_buffalo__blackbuffalo__Ictiobus_niger  fish of the lower Mississippi
                       member:  #genus_Hypentelium__Hypentelium  a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
                       member:  #genus_Maxostoma__Maxostoma  a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
                          member:  #redhorse_sucker__redhorse  North American sucker with reddish fins
                    member:  #family_Cyprinodontidae__Cyprinodontidae  large family of small soft-finned fishes; killifishes; flagfishes; swordtails; guppies
                       member:  #cyprinodont  any member of the family Cyprinodontidae
                       member:  #genus_Fundulus__Fundulus  killifish
                          member:  #mummichog__Fundulus_heteroclitus  silver-and-black killifish of saltwater marshes along the United States Atlantic coast
                          member:  #striped_killifish__stripedkillifish__mayfish__fundulusmajali  black-barred fish of bays and coastal marshes of United States Atlantic and Gulf coasts
                       member:  #genus_Rivulus  killifish
                          member:  #rivulus__rivulu  found in small streams of tropical America; often kept in aquariums; usually hermaphroditic
                       member:  #genus_Jordanella__Jordanella  flagfishes
                          member:  #American_flagfish__flagfish__Jordanella_floridae  flagfish with a dark-blue back and whitish sides with red stripes; found in swamps and streams of Florida
                       member:  #genus_Xyphophorus__Xyphophorus  swordtails
                          member:  #swordtail__helleri__Xyphophorus_helleri  freshwater fish of Central America having a long swordlike tail; popular aquarium fish
                       member:  #genus_Lebistes__Lebistes  guppies
                    member:  #family_Poeciliidae__Poeciliidae  topminnows
                       member:  #topminnow__poeciliid_fish__poeciliidfish__poeciliid__live-bearer  small usually brightly-colored viviparous surface-feeding fishes of fresh or brackish warm waters; often used in mosquito control
                       member:  #genus_Gambusia__Gambusia  mosquitofish
                          member:  #mosquitofish__Gambusia_affinis  silvery topminnow with rows of black spots of tropical North America and West Indies; important in mosquito control
                       member:  #genus_Platypoecilus__Platypoecilus  platys
                          member:  #platy__Platypoecilus_maculatus  small stocky Mexican fish; popular aquarium fish
                       member:  #genus_Mollienesia__Mollienesia  mollies
                          member:  #mollie__molly  popular aquarium fish
                    member:  #family_Characidae__Characidae  tropical freshwater fishes of Africa and S and Central America
                       member:  #characin_fish__characin__characid  any freshwater fish of the family Characinidae
                       member:  #genus_Hemigrammus__Hemigrammus  tetras
                          member:  #tetra  brightly colored tropical freshwater fishes
                       member:  #genus_Paracheirodon__Paracheirodon  a genus of Characidae
                          member:  #cardinal_tetra__Paracheirodon_axelrodi  small bright red and blue aquarium fish from streams in Brazil and Columbia
                       member:  #genus_Serrasalmus__Serrasalmus  piranhas
                          member:  #piranha__pirana__caribe  small voraciously carnivorous freshwater fishes of South America that attack and destroy living animals
                 member:  #order_Siluriformes__Siluriformes  an order of fish belonging to the superorder Malacopterygii including catfishes
                    member:  #siluriform_fish__catfish  any of numerous mostly freshwater bottom-living fishes of Eurasia and North America with barbels like whiskers around the mouth
                    member:  #family_Siluridae__Siluridae  Old World catfishes
                       member:  #silurid_fish__siluridfish__silurid  Old World freshwater catfishes having naked skin and a long anal fin more or less merged with the eellike caudal fin
                       member:  #genus_Silurus__Silurus  type genus of the Siluridae: catfishes
                          member:  #European_catfish__sheatfish__Silurus_glanis  large elongated catfish of central and eastern Europe
                       member:  #genus_Malopterurus__Malopterurus  electric catfish
                          member:  #electric_catfish__Malopterurus_electricus  freshwater catfish of the Nile and tropical central Africa having an electric organ
                    member:  #family_Ameiuridae__Ameiuridae  North American catfishes
                       member:  #genus_Ameiurus__Ameiurus  type genus of the Ameiuridae: bullhead catfishes
                          member:  #bullhead  any of several common freshwater catfishes of the United States
                       member:  #genus_Ictalurus__Ictalurus  channel catfishes
                       member:  #genus_Pylodictus__Pylodictus  flathead catfishes
                          member:  #flathead_catfish__mudcat__goujon__shovelnose_catfish__spoonbill_catfish__spoonbillcatfish__Pylodictus_olivaris  large catfish of central United States having a flattened head and projecting jaw
                    member:  #family_Laricariidae__Laricariidae  armored catfish
                       member:  #armored_catfish  South American catfish having the body covered with bony plates
                    member:  #family_Ariidae__Ariidae  sea catfishes
                       member:  #sea_catfish  any of numerous marine fishes most of which are mouthbreeders; not used for food
                       member:  #genus_Arius__Arius  type genus of the Ariidae: sea catfishes
                          member:  #crucifix_fish  catfish of the Caribbean area
                 member:  #order_Gadiformes__Gadiformes  cods, haddocks, grenadiers; in some classifications considered equivalent to the order Anacanthini
                    member:  #family_Gadidae__Gadidae  large family of important mostly marine food fishes
                       member:  #gadoid_fish__gadoid  a soft-finned fish of the family Gadidae
                       member:  #genus_Gadus__Gadus  type genus of the Gadidae: the typical codfishes
                          member:  #cod__codfish  major food fish of arctic and cold-temperate waters
                       member:  #genus_Merlangus__Merlangus  whitings
                          member:  #Merlangus_merlangus__whiting__Gadus_merlangus  a food fish of European Atlantic waters resembling the cod; sometimes placed in genus Gadus
                       member:  #genus_Lota__Lota  burbot
                       member:  #genus_Melanogrammus__Melanogrammus  haddock
                          member:  #Melanogrammus_aeglefinus__haddock  important food fish on both sides of the Atlantic; related to cod but usually smaller
                       member:  #genus_Pollachius__Pollachius  pollack
                          member:  #Pollachius_pollachius__pollack  important food and game fish of northern seas especially North Atlantic; related to cod
                       member:  #genus_Merluccius__Merluccius  hakes
                       member:  #genus_Urophycis__Urophycis  hakes
                          member:  #ling  American hakes
                       member:  #genus_Molva__Molva  ling
                          member:  #Molva_molva__ling  elongated marine food fish of Greenland and northern Europe; often salted and dried
                       member:  #Brosmius__genus_Browmius  cusk
                    member:  #family_Macrouridae__Macrouridae__Macruridae__family_Macruridae  grenadiers
                       member:  #rattail__grenadier__rattail_fish__rattailfish  deep-sea fish with a large head and body and long tapering tail
                 member:  #order_Anacanthini__Anacanthini  at least partially equivalent to the order Gadiformes in some classifications
                 member:  #order_Anguilliformes__Anguilliformes__order_Apodes  elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced
                    member:  #eel  voracious snakelike marine or freshwater fishes with smooth slimy usually scaleless skin and having a continuous vertical fin but no ventral fins
                    member:  #family_Anguillidae__Anguillidae  eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to the sea to spawn
                       member:  #genus_Anguilla__Anguilla  type genus of the Anguillidae: eels
                          member:  #common_eel__freshwater_eel  eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to sea to spawn; found in Europe and America; marketed both fresh and smoked
                    member:  #family_Muraenidae__Muraenidae  marine eels
                       member:  #moray_eel__morayeel__moray  family of brightly colored voracious eels of warm coastal waters; generally nonaggressive to humans but larger species are dangerous if provoked
                    member:  #family_Congridae__Congridae  marine eels
                       member:  #conger_eel__conger  large somber-colored scaleless marine eel found in temperate and tropical coastal waters; some used for food
                 member:  #order_Isospondyli__Isospondyli  most primitive teleost fishes; all are soft-finned: salmon; trout; herring; shad; sardines; anchovies; whitefish; smelts; tarpon
                    member:  #family_Gonorhynchidae__Gonorhynchidae  coextensive with the genus Gonorhynchus
                       member:  #genus_Gonorhynchus__Gonorhynchus  slender cylindrical marine fishes lacking air bladders and teeth
                          member:  #beaked_salmon__sandfish__Gonorhynchus_gonorhynchus  fish of sandy areas of western Pacific and Indian oceans having an angular snout for burrowing into sand
                    member:  #family_Clupeidae__Clupeidae  herrings; shad; sardines; etc.
                       member:  #clupeid_fish__clupeidfish__clupeid  any of numerous soft-finned schooling food fishes of shallow waters of northern seas
                       member:  #genus_Alosa__Alosa  shad
                          member:  #shad  herring-like food fishes that migrate from the sea to freshwater to spawn
                          member:  #Alosa_pseudoharengus__alewife__Pomolobus_pseudoharengus  shad-like food fish that runs rivers to spawn; often salted or smoked; sometimes placed in genus Pomolobus
                       member:  #genus_Pomolobus__Pomolobus  genus to which the alewife is sometimes assigned
                       member:  #genus_Brevoortia__Brevoortia  menhaden
                          member:  #menhaden__Brevoortia_tyrannis  shad-like North American marine fishes used for fish meal and oil and fertilizer
                       member:  #genus_Clupea__Clupea  type genus of the Clupeidae: typical herrings
                          member:  #Clupea_harangus__herring  commercially important food fish of northern waters of both Atlantic and Pacific
                          member:  #Atlantic_herring__Clupea_harengus_harengus  important food fish; found in enormous shoals in North Atlantic
                          member:  #Pacific_herring__Clupea_harengus_pallasii  important food fish of the north Pacific
                          member:  #Clupea_sprattus__brisling__sprat  small herring processed like a sardine
                       member:  #genus_Sardina__Sardina__genus_Sardinia  pilchards
                          member:  #Sardina_pilchardus__pilchard__sardine  small fishes found in great schools along coasts of Europe; smaller and rounder than herring
                       member:  #genus_Sardinops__Sardinops  pilchards
                          member:  #Pacific_sardine__Sardinops_caerulea  small pilchards common off the pacific coast of North America
                    member:  #family_Engraulidae__Engraulidae  anchovies
                       member:  #anchovy  small herring-like plankton-feeding fishes often canned whole or as paste; abundant in tropical waters worldwide
                    member:  #family_Salmonidae__Salmonidae  salmon and trout
                       member:  #salmonid  soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters
                       member:  #salmon  any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
                       member:  #genus_Salmo__Salmo  type genus of the Salmonidae: salmon and trout
                          member:  #Salmo_salar__Atlantic_salmon  found in northern coastal Atlantic waters or tributaries; adults do not die after spawning
                          member:  #brown_trout__browntrout__salmon_trout__Salmo_trutta  speckled trout of European rivers; introduced in North America
                          member:  #Salmo_gairdneri__rainbow_trout__rainbowtrout  found in Pacific coastal waters and streams from lower California to Alaska
                       member:  #genus_Onchorynchus__Onchorynchus  sockeye salmon; chinook salmon; coho salmon
                          member:  #blueback_salmon__sockeye__sockeyesalmon__redsalmon__Onchorynchus_nerka  small salmon with red flesh; found in rivers and tributaries of the north Pacific and valued as food; adults die after spawning
                          member:  #quinnat_salmon__quinnatsalmon__chinook__chinooksalmon__king_salmon__Onchorynchus_tshawtscha  large Pacific salmon valued as food; adults die after spawning
                          member:  #blue_jack__coho__cohoe__coho_salmon__silver_salmon__Onchorynchus_kisutch  small salmon of north Pacific coasts and the Great Lakes
                       member:  #genus_Salvelinus__Salvelinus  brook trout
                          member:  #Salvelinus_namaycush__lake_trout__salmon_trout  large fork-tailed trout of lakes of Canada and the northern United States
                          member:  #Salvelinus_fontinalis__brook_trout__speckled_trout  North American freshwater trout; introduced in Europe
                          member:  #char  any of several small-scaled trout
                    member:  #family_Coregonidae__Coregonidae  soft-finned fishes comprising the freshwater whitefishes; formerly included in the family Salmonidae
                       member:  #whitefish  silvery herring-like freshwater food fish of cold lakes of the northern hemisphere
                       member:  #genus_Coregonus__Coregonus  type genus of the Coregonidae: whitefishes
                          member:  #lake_whitefish__Coregonus_clupeaformis  found in Great Lakes and north to Alaska
                          member:  #Coregonus_artedi__cisco__lake_herring  important food fish of cold deep lakes of North America
                       member:  #genus_Prosopium__Prosopium  whitefishes
                          member:  #round_whitefish__Menominee_whitefish__Prosopium_cylindraceum  bronze-backed whitefish of northern North America and Siberia
                          member:  #Rocky_Mountain_whitefish__Prosopium_williamsonii  whitefish of the western United States and Canada
                    member:  #family_Osmeridae__Osmeridae  smelts
                       member:  #smelt  small trout-like silvery marine or freshwater food fishes of cold northern waters
                       member:  #genus_Osmerus__Osmerus  type genus of the Osmeridae
                          member:  #rainbow_smelt__rainbowsmelt__Osmerus_mordax  important marine and landlocked food fish of eastern North America and Alaska
                          member:  #Osmerus_eperlanus__sparling__European_smelt  the common smelt of Europe
                       member:  #genus_Mallotus__Mallotus  capelins
                          member:  #capelin__capelan__caplin  very small northern fish; forage for sea birds and marine mammals and other fishes
                    member:  #family_Elopidae__Elopidae  tarpons and ladyfishes
                       member:  #genus_Tarpon  tarpons
                          member:  #tarpon__Tarpon_atlanticus  large silvery game fish of warm Atlantic coastal waters especially off Florida
                       member:  #genus_Elops__Elops  type genus of the Elopidae: tenpounder
                          member:  #ladyfish__tenpounder__Elops_saurus  game fish resembling the tarpon but smaller
                    member:  #family_Albulidae__Albulidae  bonefish
                       member:  #genus_Albula__Albula  type and sole genus of the family Albulidae
                          member:  #bonefish__Albula_vulpes  slender silvery marine fish found in tropical mud flats and mangrove lagoons
                    member:  #family_Argentinidae__Argentinidae  small marine soft-finned fishes with long silvery bodies; related to salmons and trouts
                       member:  #genus_Argentina__Argentina  type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines
                          member:  #argentine  any of various small silver-scaled salmon-like marine fishes
                    member:  #family_Myctophidae__Myctophidae  deep-sea fishes comprising the lantern fishes
                       member:  #lanternfish  small fish having rows of luminous organs along each side; some surface at night
                 member:  #family_Synodontidae__Synodontidae  soft-finned bottom-dwelling fishes
                    member:  #lizardfish__snakefish  tropical fishes with large mouths in lizard-like heads; found worldwide
                 member:  #family_Chlorophthalmidae__Chlorophthalmidae  small family of soft-finned bottom-livers with large eyes; relatives of lizardfishes
                    member:  #greeneye  bottom-livers having large eyes with metallic green luster
                 member:  #family_Lampridae__Lampridae  opahs
                    member:  #genus_Lampris__Lampris  type genus of the Lampridae
                       member:  #opah__moonfish__Lampris_regius  large elliptical brightly colored deep-sea fish of Atlantic and Pacific and Mediterranean
                       member:  #New_World_opah__Lampris_guttatus  from Nova Scotia to West Indies and Gulf of Mexico
                 member:  #family_Trachipteridae__Trachipteridae  ribbonfishes
                    member:  #ribbonfish  marine fish having a long compressed ribbon-like body
                    member:  #genus_Trachipterus__Trachipterus  type genus of the Trachipteridae
                       member:  #dealfish__Trachipterus_arcticus  deep-sea ribbonfish
                 member:  #family_Regalecidae__Regalecidae  ribbonfishes
                    member:  #Reglaecus__genus_Regalecus  type genus of the Regalecidae
                       member:  #oarfish__king_of_the_herring__ribbonfish__Regalecus_glesne  thin deep-water tropical fish 20 to 30 feet long having a red dorsal fin
              member:  #order_Solenichthyes__Solenichthyes  bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout
                 member:  #family_Fistulariidae__Fistulariidae  cornetfishes
                    member:  #genus_Fistularia__Fistularia  type genus of the family Fistulariidae
                       member:  #cornetfish  slender tropical fish with a long tubular snout and bony plates instead of scales
                 member:  #family_Gasterosteidae__Gasterosteidae  sticklebacks
                    member:  #stickleback__prickleback  small (2-4 inches) pugnacious mostly scaleless spiny-backed fishes of northern fresh and littoral waters having elaborate courtship; subjects of much research
                    member:  #Gasterosteus__genus_gasterosteus  type genus of the family Gasterosteidae
                       member:  #three-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_aculeatus  of rivers and coastal regions
                       member:  #ten-spined_stickleback__Gasterosteus_pungitius  confined to rivers
                 member:  #family_Syngnathidae__Syngnathidae  pipefishes
                    member:  #pipefish__needlefish  fish with long tubular snout and slim body covered with bony plates
                    member:  #genus_Syngnathus__Syngnathus  type genus of the family Syngnathidae
                       member:  #dwarf_pipefish__dwarfpipefish__Syngnathus_hildebrandi  small (4 inches) fish found off Florida gulf coast
                    member:  #genus_Cosmocampus__Cosmocampus  a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae
                       member:  #deepwater_pipefish__deepwaterpipefish__Cosmocampus_profundus  8 inches; from eastern Florida to western Caribbean
                    member:  #genus_Hippocampus__Hippocampus  seahorses
                       member:  #seahorse__sea_horse__seahorse  small fish with horselike heads bent sharply downward and curled tails; swim in upright position
                 member:  #family_Macrorhamphosidae__Macrorhamphosidae  bellows fishes
                    member:  #snipefish__bellows_fish__bellowsfish  small bottom-dwelling fish of warm seas having a compressed body and a long snout with a toothless mouth
                 member:  #family_Centriscidae__Centriscidae  shrimpfishes
                    member:  #shrimpfish  slender tropical shallow-water East Indian fish covered with transparent plates
                 member:  #family_Aulostomidae__Aulostomidae  trumpetfishes
                    member:  #genus_Aulostomus__Aulostomus  type genus of the Aulostomidae
                       member:  #trumpetfish__aulostomusmaculatu  tropical Atlantic fish with a long snout; swims snout down
              member:  #leptocephalus__leptocephalu  slender transparent larva of eels and certain fishes
              member:  #teleost_fish__teleostfish__teleost__teleostan  a bony fish of the subclass Teleostei
              member:  #genus_Alepisaurus__Alepisaurus  slender scaleless predaceous tropical deep-sea fishes
                 member:  #lancetfish__lancet_fish__wolffish  large elongate scaleless oceanic fishes with sharp teeth and a long sail-like dorsal fin
                 member:  #handsaw_fish__handsawfish  a soft-finned fish of the genus Alepisaurus
              member:  #order_Synentognathi__Synentognathi  order of fishes having spineless fins; needlefishes; sauries; flying fishes; halfbeaks
                 member:  #family_Belonidae__Belonidae  ferocious fishes of warm regions resembling but unrelated to the freshwater gars
                    member:  #needlefish__gar__billfish  elongate European surface-dwelling predacious fishes with long toothed jaws; abundant in coastal waters
                 member:  #family_Exocoetidae__Exocoetidae  flying fishes; closely related to the halfbeaks
                    member:  #flying_fish  tropical marine fishes having enlarged winglike fins used for brief gliding flight
                 member:  #family_Hemiramphidae__Hemiramphidae  halfbeaks; marine and freshwater fishes closely related to the flying fishes but not able to glide
                    member:  #halfbeak  tropical and subtropical marine and freshwater fishes having an elongated body and long protruding lower jaw
                 member:  #family_Scomberesocidae__Scomberesocidae__Scombresocidae__family_Scombresocidae  only sauries
                    member:  #genus_Scomberesox__Scomberesox__Scombresox__genus_Scombresox  a genus of Scomberesocidae
                       member:  #saury__billfish__Scomberesox_saurus  slender long-beaked fish of temperate Atlantic waters
              member:  #superorder_Acanthopterygii__Acanthopterygii  teleost fishes having fins with sharp bony rays
                 member:  #order_Berycomorphi__Berycomorphi  an order of spiny-finned fish in the superorder Acanthopterygii
                    member:  #family_Holocentridae__Holocentridae  squirrelfishes and soldierfishes
                       member:  #genus_Holocentrus__Holocentrus  type genus of the family Holocentridae; squirrelfishes
                          member:  #reef_squirrelfish__Holocentrus_coruscus  on reefs from Bermuda and Florida to northern South America
                          member:  #deepwater_squirrelfish__deepwatersquirrelfish__Holocentrus_bullisi  a squirrelfish found from South Carolina to Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico
                          member:  #Holocentrus_ascensionis  bright red fish of West Indies and Bermuda
                       member:  #squirrelfish  very small brightly colored (especially red) nocturnal fishes of shallow waters of tropical reefs; they make sounds like a squirrel's bark
                    member:  #family_Anomalopidae__Anomalopidae  a family of fish including: flashlight fishes
                       member:  #genus_Anomalops  type genus of the family Anomalopidae
                          member:  #anomalops__anomalop__flashlight_fish  fish having a luminous organ beneath eye; of warm waters of the western Pacific and Puerto Rico
                       member:  #genus_Krypterophaneron__Krypterophaneron  a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
                       member:  #genus_Photoblepharon__Photoblepharon  a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
                 member:  #order_Zeomorphi__Zeomorphi  dories
                    member:  #family_Zeidae__Zeidae  a family of fish in the order Zeomorphi
                       member:  #dory  marine fishes widely distributed in mid-waters and deep slope waters
                       member:  #genus_Zeus__Zeus  type genus of the family Zeidae
                          member:  #John_dory__Zeus_faber  European dory
                    member:  #family_Caproidae__Caproidae  boarfishes
                       member:  #genus_Capros__Capros  a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
                          member:  #Capros_aper__boarfish  fish with a projecting snout
                       member:  #genus_Antigonia__Antigonia  a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
                          member:  #boarfish  fish with large eyes and long snouts
                 member:  #order_Pediculati__Pediculati  anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth
                    member:  #family_Ogcocephalidae__Ogcocephalidae  batfishes: sluggish bottom-dwelling spiny fishes
                       member:  #batfish  bottom-dweller of warm western Atlantic coastal waters having a flattened scaleless body that crawls about on fleshy pectoral and pelvic fins
                    member:  #family_Lophiidae__Lophiidae  large-headed marine fishes comprising the anglers
                       member:  #genus_Lophius__Lophius  type genus of family Lophiidae
                       member:  #goosefish__angler__anglerfish__angler_fish__monkfish__lotte__allmouth__Lophius_Americanus  fishes having large mouths with a wormlike filament attached for luring prey
                    member:  #family_Batrachoididae__Batrachoididae  toadfishes; related to anglers and batfishes
                       member:  #toadfish__Opsanus_tau  bottom-dwelling fish having scaleless slimy skin and a broad thick head with a wide mouth
                    member:  #family_Antennariidae__Antennariidae  frogfishes; tropical spiny-finned marine fishes having large nearly vertical mouths; related to toadfishes and anglers
                       member:  #frogfish  fish having a frog-like mouth with a lure on the snout
                       member:  #sargassum_fish__sargassumfish  small fantastically formed and colored fishes found among masses of sargassum
                 member:  #spiny-finned_fish__acanthopterygian  a teleost fish with fins that are supported by sharp inflexible rays
                 member:  #order_Perciformes__Perciformes__Percomorphi__order_Percomorphi  one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna
                    member:  #suborder_Percoidea__Percoidea  in some classifications nearly or exactly equivalent to the Perciformes which are considered a suborder
                       member:  #family_Sillaginidae__Sillaginidae  small family of small food fishes in shallow waters of the Pacific around Indonesia
                          member:  #genus_Sillago__Sillago  type genus of the Sillaginidae
                             member:  #whiting.percoid_fish  a small fish of the genus Sillago; excellent food fish
                    member:  #percoid_fish__percoidfish__percoid__percoidean  any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of the order Perciformes
                    member:  #perch.percoid_fish  any of numerous spiny-finned fishes of various families of the order Perciformes
                    member:  #family_Percidae__Percidae  active freshwater fishes; true perches and pike perches
                       member:  #perch_flesh__perch  spiny-finned freshwater food and game fishes
                       member:  #genus_Perca__Perca  type genus of the Percidae
                          member:  #yellow_perch__Perca_flavescens  North American perch
                          member:  #European_perch__Perca_fluviatilis  a perch native to Europe
                       member:  #genus_Stizostedion__Stizostedion  pikeperches
                          member:  #pikeperch__pike_perch  any of several pike-like fishes of the perch family
                       member:  #genus_Percina__Percina  a genus of Percidae
                          member:  #snail_darter__snaildarter__Percina_tanasi  3-inch snail-eating perch of the Tennessee River
                    member:  #family_Trichodontidae__Trichodontidae  two species of elongate compressed scaleless large-eyed fishes that live in sand or mud
                       member:  #sandfish  either of two small silvery scaleless fishes of the north Pacific that burrow into sand
                    member:  #family_Ophidiidae__Ophidiidae  eel-like marine fishes
                       member:  #cusk-eel  elongate compressed somewhat eel-shaped fishes
                    member:  #family_Brotulidae__Brotulidae  chiefly deep-sea fishes related to the Ophidiidae
                       member:  #brotula  deep-sea fishes
                    member:  #family_Carapidae__Carapidae  pearlfishes: related to the Brotulidae
                       member:  #pearlfish  found living within the alimentary canals of e.g. sea cucumbers or between the shells of pearl oysters in or near shallow seagrass beds
                    member:  #family_Centropomidae__Centropomidae  a family of fish or the order Perciformes including robolos
                       member:  #robolo  a kind of percoid fish
                       member:  #genus_Centropomus__Centropomus  type genus of the Centropomidae: snooks
                       member:  #snook  large tropical American food and game fishes of coastal and brackish waters; resemble pike
                    member:  #family_Esocidae__Esocidae  pikes; pickerels; muskellunges
                       member:  #genus_Esox__Esox  type and only genus of the family Esocidae
                          member:  #pike  any of several elongate long-snouted freshwater game and food fishes widely distributed in cooler parts of the northern hemisphere
                    member:  #family_Centrarchidae__Centrarchidae  sunfish family
                       member:  #centrarchid__sunfish  small carnivorous freshwater percoid fishes of North America usually having a laterally compressed body and metallic luster: crappies; black bass; bluegills; pumpkinseed
                       member:  #genus_Pomoxis__Pomoxis  crappies
                          member:  #crappie  small sunfishes of central United States rivers
                       member:  #genus_Lepomis__Lepomis  bream
                          member:  #pumpkinseed__Lepomis_gibbosus  small brilliantly colored North American sunfish
                          member:  #bluegill__Lepomis_macrochirus  important edible sunfish of eastern and central United States
                          member:  #spotted_sunfish__spottedsunfish__stumpknocker__Lepomis_punctatus  inhabits streams from South Carolina to Florida; esteemed panfish
                       member:  #genus_Ambloplites__Ambloplites  a genus of Centrarchidae
                          member:  #rock_bass__rock_sunfish__Ambloplites_rupestris  game and food fish of upper Mississippi and Great Lakes
                       member:  #freshwater_bass  North American food and game fish
                       member:  #genus_Micropterus__Micropterus  American freshwater black basses
                          member:  #black_bass  widely distributed and highly prized American freshwater game fishes (sunfish family)
                    member:  #freshwater_bream__bream  any of various usually edible freshwater percoid fishes having compressed bodies and shiny scales; especially (but not exclusively) of the genus Lepomis
                    member:  #family_Serranidae__Serranidae  marine fishes: sea basses; sea perches; groupers; jewfish
                       member:  #serranid_fish__serranid  marine food sport fishes mainly of warm coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Morone__Morone  carnivorous fresh and salt water fishes
                          member:  #white_perch__whiteperch__silver_perch__Morone_americana  small silvery food and game fish of eastern United States streams
                          member:  #yellow_bass__Morone_interrupta  North American freshwater bass resembling the larger marine striped bass
                       member:  #sea_bass  any of various food and sport fishes of the United States Atlantic coast having an elongated body and long spiny dorsal fin
                       member:  #genus_Synagrops__Synagrops  a genus of Serranidae
                          member:  #blackmouth_bass__Synagrops_bellus  small marine fish with black mouth and gill cavity
                       member:  #genus_Centropristis__Centropristis  sea basses
                          member:  #rock_sea_bass__rock_bass__Centropristis_philadelphica  a kind of sea bass
                          member:  #black_sea_bass__black_bass__Centropistes_striata  bluish black-striped sea bass of the Atlantic coast of the United States
                       member:  #genus_Roccus__Roccus  a genus of Serranidae
                          member:  #Roccus_saxatilis__striped_bass__striper__rockfish  marine food and game fish with dark longitudinal stripes; migrates upriver to spawn; sometimes placed in the genus Morone
                       member:  #genus_Polyprion__Polyprion  wreckfish
                          member:  #stone_bass__wreckfish__Polyprion_americanus  brown fish of the Atlantic and Mediterranean found around rocks and shipwrecks
                       member:  #genus_Serranus__Serranus  type genus of the Serranidae: mostly small Pacific sea basses
                          member:  #belted_sandfish__Serranus_subligarius  found in warm shallow waters of western Atlantic
                       member:  #genus_Epinephelus__Epinephelus  genus of groupers or sea bass
                          member:  #Epinephelus_fulvus__coney  black-spotted usually dusky-colored fish with reddish fins
                          member:  #hind.grouper  any of several mostly spotted fishes that resemble groupers
                          member:  #rock_hind__Epinephelus_adscensionis  found around rocky coasts or on reefs
                       member:  #genus_Paranthias__Paranthias  a genus of Serranidae
                          member:  #creole-fish__Paranthias_furcifer  deep-sea fish of tropical Atlantic
                       member:  #genus_Mycteroperca__Mycteroperca  groupers
                          member:  #jewfish__mycteropercabonaci  large dark grouper with a thick head and rough scales
                       member:  #genus_Rypticus__Rypticus  a genus of fish of the family Serranidae, including soapfishes
                          member:  #soapfish  fishes with slimy mucus-covered skin; found in warm American Atlantic coastal waters
                    member:  #family_Embiotocidae__Embiotocidae  viviparous percoid fishes comprising the surf fishes
                       member:  #surfperch__surffish__surf_fish  small to medium-sized shallow-water fishes of the North American Pacific coast
                       member:  #genus_Hipsurus__Hipsurus  a genus of Embiotocidae
                          member:  #rainbow_seaperch__rainbowseaperch__rainbow_perch__rainbowperch__Hipsurus_caryi  Pacific coast fish
                    member:  #family_Priacanthidae__Priacanthidae  small carnivorous percoid fishes found worldwide in tropical seas
                       member:  #genus_Priacanthus__Priacanthus  type genus of the Priacanthidae
                          member:  #bigeye  red fishes of American coastal tropical waters having very large eyes and rough scales
                          member:  #catalufa__Priacanthus_arenatus  brightly colored carnivorous fish of western Atlantic and West Indies waters
                    member:  #family_Apogonidae__Apogonidae  bright-colored marine fishes that incubate eggs in the mouth
                       member:  #cardinalfish  small red fishes of coral reefs and inshore tropical waters
                       member:  #genus_Apogon__Apogon  type genus of the Apogonidae
                       member:  #genus_Astropogon__Astropogon  a genus of fish of the family Apogonidae
                    member:  #family_Malacanthidae__Malacanthidae  short-headed marine fishes; often brightly colored
                       member:  #genus_Lopholatilus__Lopholatilus  large brightly colored food fish of deep Atlantic waters
                          member:  #tilefish__Lopholatilus_chamaeleonticeps  yellow-spotted violet food fish of warm deep waters
                    member:  #family_Pomatomidae__Pomatomidae  food and game fishes related to pompanos
                       member:  #genus_Pomatomus__Pomatomus  type genus of the Pomatomidae
                          member:  #Pomatomus_saltatrix__bluefish  bluish warm-water marine food and game fish that follow schools of small fishes into shallow waters
                    member:  #family_Rachycentridae__Rachycentridae  family of pelagic fishes containing solely the cobia
                       member:  #genus_Rachycentron__Rachycentron  genus and family are coextensive and comprise only the cobia
                          member:  #cobia__Rachycentron_canadum__sergeant_fish  large dark-striped tropical food and game fish related to remoras; found worldwide in coastal to open waters
                    member:  #family_Carangidae__Carangidae  large family of narrow-bodied marine food fishes with widely forked tails; chiefly of warm seas
                       member:  #carangid_fish__carangid  a percoid fish of the family Carangidae
                       member:  #genus_Caranx__Caranx  type genus of the Carangidae
                       member:  #jack  any of several fast-swimming predacious fishes of tropical to warm-temperate seas
                       member:  #genus_Elagatis__Elagatis  a genus of Carangidae
                       member:  #genus_Oligoplites__Oligoplites  leatherjackets
                          member:  #leatherjack__leatherjacket  any of several New World tropical fishes having tiny embedded scales
                       member:  #genus_Alectis__Alectis  a genus of Carangidae
                          member:  #threadfish__Alectis_ciliaris  fish having greatly elongated front rays on dorsal and anal fins
                       member:  #genus_Selene__Selene  a genus of Carangidae
                       member:  #genus_Seriola__Seriola  a genus of Carangidae
                          member:  #amberjack__amberfish  any of several amber to coppery fork-tailed warm-water carangid fishes
                          member:  #yellowtail__Seriola_dorsalis  game fish of S California and Mexico having a yellow tail fin
                          member:  #banded_rudderfish__rudderfish__Seriola_zonata  fish having the habit of following ships; found in North and South American coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Trachinotus__Trachinotus  a genus of Carangidae
                          member:  #pompano  any of several deep-bodied food fishes of western Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Naucrates__Naucrates  a genus of Carangidae
                          member:  #pilotfish__Naucrates_ductor  small pelagic fish often accompanying sharks or mantas
                       member:  #scad  any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae
                       member:  #genus_Trachurus__Trachurus  scads especially horse mackerels
                       member:  #genus_Selar__Selar  big-eyed scad
                          member:  #bigeye_scad__big-eyed_scad__goggle-eye__Selar_crumenophthalmus  of Atlantic coastal waters; commonly used for bait
                       member:  #genus_Decapterus__Decapterus  scads especially mackerel scad; cosmopolitan
                          member:  #mackerel_scad__mackerel_shad__Decapterus_macarellus  small silvery fish; Nova Scotia to Brazil
                          member:  #round_scad__roundscad__cigarfish__quiaquia__Decapterus_punctatus  small fusiform fish of western Atlantic
                    member:  #family_Coryphaenidae__Coryphaenidae  large active pelagic percoid fish
                       member:  #mahimahi__dolphinfish__dolphin  large slender food and game fish widely distributed in warm seas (especially around Hawaii)
                    member:  #family_Bramidae__Bramidae  deep-bodied percoid fishes of the open seas
                       member:  #genus_Brama__Brama  type genus of the Bramidae
                          member:  #pomfret__Brama_raii  deep-bodied sooty-black pelagic spiny-finned fish of North Atlantic and North Pacific; valued for food
                    member:  #family_Branchiostegidae__Branchiostegidae  small family of marine fishes having covered gills
                       member:  #blanquillo__tilefish  important marine food fishes
                    member:  #family_Cichlidae__Cichlidae  cichlids
                       member:  #cichlid_fish__cichlidfish__cichlid  freshwater fishes of tropical America and Africa and Asia similar to American sunfishes; some are food fishes; many small ones are popular in aquariums
                       member:  #genus_Tilapia__Tilapia  a genus of Cichlidae
                    member:  #family_Lutjanidae__Lutjanidae  snappers
                       member:  #snapper  any of several large sharp-toothed marine food and sport fishes of the family Lutjanidae of mainly tropical coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Lutjanus__Lutjanus  type genus of the Lutjanidae: snappers
                          member:  #Lutjanus_blackfordi__red_snapper  esteemed food fish with pinkish red head and body; common in American Atlantic coastal waters and Gulf of Mexico
                          member:  #gray_snapper__mangrove_snapper__Lutjanus_griseus  found in shallow waters off the coast of Florida
                          member:  #Lutjanus_apodus__schoolmaster  food fish of warm Caribbean and Atlantic waters
                       member:  #genus_Ocyurus__Ocyurus  snappers
                          member:  #yellowtail_snapper__yellowtail__Ocyurus_chrysurus  superior food fish of the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean with broad yellow stripe along the sides and on the tail
                    member:  #family_Haemulidae__Haemulidae  grunts
                       member:  #grunt  medium-sized tropical marine food fishes that utter a grunting sound when caught
                       member:  #genus_Haemulon__Haemulon  type genus of the Haemulidae
                          member:  #margate__Haemulon_album  red-mouthed grunt found from Florida to Brazil
                          member:  #Spanish_grunt__Haemulon_macrostomum  a kind of grunt
                          member:  #tomtate__Haemulon_aurolineatum  found off the West Indies and Florida
                          member:  #cottonwick__Haemulon_malanurum  of warm Atlantic waters
                          member:  #sailor's-choice__sailors_choice__sailorschoice__Haemulon_parra  found from Florida to Brazil and Gulf of Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Anisotremus__Anisotremus  a genus of Haemulidae
                          member:  #porkfish__Anisotremus_virginicus  black and gold grunt found from Bermuda to Caribbean to Brazil
                       member:  #genus_Orthopristis__Orthopristis  a genus of Haemulidae
                          member:  #pigfish__hogfish__Orthopristis_chrysopterus  found from Long Island southward
                    member:  #family_Sparidae__Sparidae  porgies; scups
                       member:  #sparid_fish__sparid  spiny-finned food fishes of warm waters having well-developed teeth
                       member:  #genus_Pagrus__Pagrus  a genus of Sparidae
                          member:  #red_porgy__redporgy__Pagrus_pagrus  food fish of the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe and America
                       member:  #genus_Pagellus__Pagellus  sea breams
                          member:  #European_sea_bream__Pagellus_centrodontus  food fish of European coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Archosargus__Archosargus  a genus of Sparidae
                          member:  #Atlantic_sea_bream__Archosargus_rhomboidalis  sea bream of warm Atlantic waters
                          member:  #sheepshead__Archosargus_probatocephalus  large (up to 20 lbs) food fish of the eastern coast of the United States and Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Lagodon__Lagodon  a genus of Sparidae
                          member:  #pinfish__sailor's-choice__squirrelfish__Lagodon_rhomboides  similar to sea bream; small spiny-finned fish found in bays along the southeastern coast of the United States
                       member:  #Calamus__genus_Calamus  a genus of Sparidae
                          member:  #sheepshead_porgy__Calamus_penna  from Florida and Bahamas to Brazil
                       member:  #genus_Chrysophrys__Chrysophrys  australian snapper
                          member:  #Chrysophrys_auratus__snapper  Australian food fish having a pinkish body with blue spots
                          member:  #black_bream__blackbream__Chrysophrys_australis  important dark-colored edible food and game fish of Australia
                       member:  #genus_Stenotomus__Stenotomus  scups
                    member:  #sea_bream__seabream__bream  any of numerous marine percoid fishes especially (but not exclusively) of the family Sparidae
                    member:  #family_Sciaenidae__Sciaenidae  warm-water marine fishes including the drums and grunts and croakers and sea trout
                       member:  #sciaenid_fish__sciaenid  widely distributed family of carnivorous percoid fishes having a large air bladder used to produce sound
                       member:  #genus_Equetus__Equetus  drumfish
                          member:  #striped_drum__stripeddrum__Equetus_pulcher  a kind of drumfish
                          member:  #jackknife-fish__jackknifefish__Equetus_lanceolatus  black-and-white drumfish with an erect elongated dorsal fin
                       member:  #genus_Bairdiella__Bairdiella  drumfish
                          member:  #silver_perch__mademoiselle__Bairdiella_chrysoura  small silvery drumfish often mistaken for white perch; found along coasts of United States from New York to Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Sciaenops__Sciaenops  a genus of Sciaenidae
                          member:  #red_drum__reddrum__channel_bass__redfish__Sciaenops_ocellatus  large edible fish found off coast of United States from Massachusetts to Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Sciaena__Sciaena  type genus of the Sciaenidae: croakers
                          member:  #mulloway__jewfish__sciaenaantarctica  large important food fish of Australia; almost indistinguishable from the maigre
                          member:  #maigre__maiger__Sciaena_aquila  large European marine food fish
                       member:  #genus_Micropogonias__Micropogonias  croakers
                          member:  #Atlantic_croaker__Micropogonias_undulatus  silvery-bodied with dark markings and tiny barbels
                       member:  #genus_Umbrina__Umbrina  croakers
                          member:  #yellowfin_croaker__yellowfincroaker__surffish__surf_fish__Umbrina_roncador  fish of North American Pacific coast
                       member:  #genus_Menticirrhus__Menticirrhus  kingfishes; whiting
                          member:  #whiting  any of several food fishes of North American coastal waters
                          member:  #kingfish  any of several food and game fishes of the drum family indigenous to warm Atlantic waters of the North American coast
                          member:  #king_whiting__Menticirrhus_americanus  whiting of the southeastern coast of North America
                          member:  #silver_whiting__Menticirrhus_littoralis  a dull silvery whiting of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States
                       member:  #genus_Genyonemus__Genyonemus  a genus of Sciaenidae
                          member:  #chenfish__white_croaker__whitecroaker__kingfish__Genyonemus_lineatus  small silvery marine food fish found off California
                       member:  #genus_Seriphus__Seriphus  a genus of Sciaenidae
                          member:  #white_croaker__whitecroaker__queenfish__Seriphus_politus  silvery and bluish drumfish of shallow California coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Cynoscion__Cynoscion  sea trout
                          member:  #Cynoscion_regalis__weakfish  food and game fish of North American coastal waters with a mouth from which hooks easily tear out
                          member:  #spotted_weakfish__spottedweakfish__spotted_sea_trout__spottedseatrout__spotted_squeateague__spottedsqueateague__Cynoscion_nebulosus  weakfish of southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
                    member:  #family_Mullidae__Mullidae  goatfishes or red mullets
                       member:  #mullet  bottom-dwelling marine warm-water fishes with two barbels on the chin
                       member:  #genus_Mullus__Mullus  type genus of the Mullidae: goatfishes
                          member:  #goatfish__red_mullet__redmullet__surmullet__Mullus_surmuletus  brightly colored tropical fishes with chin barbels
                          member:  #red_goatfish__redgoatfish__mullusauratu  body bright scarlet with 2 yellow to reddish strips on side
                       member:  #genus_Mulloidichthys__Mulloidichthys  a genus of Mullidae
                          member:  #yellow_goatfish__Mulloidichthys_martinicus  schooling goatfish; grayish with yellow stripe
                    member:  #suborder_Mugiloidea__Mugiloidea  fishes distinguished by abdominal pelvic fins: families Mugilidae; Atherinidae; Sphyraenidae
                       member:  #family_Mugilidae__Mugilidae  gray mullets
                          member:  #gray_mullet__mullet  freshwater or coastal food fishes a spindle-shaped body; found worldwide
                          member:  #genus_Mugil__Mugil  type genus of the Mugilidae: mullets
                             member:  #striped_mullet__stripedmullet__Mugil_cephalus  most important commercial mullet in eastern United States
                             member:  #white_mullet__whitemullet__mugilcurema  silvery mullet of Atlantic and Pacific coasts
                             member:  #Mugil_liza__liza  similar to the striped mullet and takes its place in the Caribbean region
                       member:  #family_Atherinidae__Atherinidae  small spiny-finned fishes of both salt and fresh water
                          member:  #silverside__silversides  small fishes having a silver stripe along each side; found along the Atlantic coast of the United States
                          member:  #genus_Atherinopsis__Atherinopsis  a genus of Atherinidae
                             member:  #jacksmelt__Atherinopsis_californiensis  large silversides of Pacific coast of North America
                       member:  #family_Sphyraenidae__Sphyraenidae  monotypic family of large active fishes of tropical and subtropical waters: barracuda
                          member:  #genus_Sphyraena__Sphyraena  type and sole genus of the Sphyraenidae: barracuda
                    member:  #family_Kyphosidae__Kyphosidae  sea chubs
                       member:  #sea_chub__seachub  schooling fishes mostly of Indian and western Pacific oceans; two species in western Atlantic
                       member:  #genus_Kyphosus__Kyphosus  type genus of the Kyphosidae
                          member:  #Bermuda_chub__rudderfish__Kyphosus_sectatrix  food and game fish around Bermuda and Florida; often follow ships
                    member:  #family_Ephippidae__Ephippidae  small family comprising the spadefishes
                       member:  #genus_Chaetodipterus__Chaetodipterus  a genus of Ephippidae
                          member:  #spadefish__angelfish__Chaetodipterus_faber  deep-bodied disk-shaped food fish of warmer western Atlantic coastal waters
                    member:  #family_Chaetodontidae__Chaetodontidae  butterfly fishes
                       member:  #butterfly_fish__butterflyfish  small usually brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes having narrow deep bodies with large broad fins; found worldwide
                       member:  #genus_Chaetodon  type genus of the Chaetodontidae
                          member:  #chaetodon  any fish of the genus Chaetodon
                       member:  #genus_Pomacanthus__Pomacanthus  angelfishes
                          member:  #angelfish  a butterfly fish of the genus Pomacanthus
                    member:  #family_Pomacentridae__Pomacentridae  damselfishes
                       member:  #damselfish__demoiselle  small brilliantly colored tropical marine fishes of coral reefs
                       member:  #genus_Pomacentrus__Pomacentrus  type genus of the Pomacentridae: damselfishes
                          member:  #beaugregory__Pomacentrus_leucostictus  blue-and-yellow damselfish of Bermuda Florida and West Indies
                       member:  #genus_Amphiprion__Amphiprion  damsel fishes
                          member:  #anemone_fish__anemonefish  live associated with sea anemones
                          member:  #clown_anemone_fish__clownanemonefish__Amphiprion_percula  an anemone fish of the genus Amphiprion
                       member:  #genus_Abudefduf__Abudefduf  damsel fishes
                          member:  #Abudefduf_saxatilis__sergeant_major  large blue-gray black-striped damselfish; nearly worldwide
                    member:  #family_Labridae__Labridae  wrasses
                       member:  #genus_Achoerodus__Achoerodus  a genus of Labridae
                          member:  #giant_pigfish__giantpigfish__pigfish__Achoerodus_gouldii  found around the Great Barrier Reef
                       member:  #genus_Lachnolaimus__Lachnolaimus  a genus of Labridae
                       member:  #genus_Halicoeres__Halicoeres  a genus of Labridae
                          member:  #slippery_dick__Halicoeres_bivittatus  small wrasse of tropical Atlantic
                          member:  #puddingwife__Halicoeres_radiatus  bluish and bronze wrasse; found from Florida keys to Brazil
                       member:  #genus_Thalassoma__Thalassoma  a genus of Labridae
                          member:  #bluehead__Thalassoma_bifasciatum  small Atlantic wrasse the male of which has a brilliant blue head
                       member:  #genus_Hemipteronatus__Hemipteronatus  razorfishes
                          member:  #razorfish  any of several small wrasses with compressed sharp-edged heads of the West Indies and Mediterranean
                          member:  #pearly_razorfish__Hemipteronatus_novacula  a kind of razorfish
                       member:  #genus_Tautoga__Tautoga  tautogs
                          member:  #tautog__blackfish__Tautoga_onitis  large dark-colored food fish of the Atlantic coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Tautogolabrus__Tautogolabrus  a genus of Labridae
                          member:  #cunner__bergall__Tautogolabrus_adspersus  common in north Atlantic coastal waters of the United States
                    member:  #family_Scaridae__Scaridae  parrotfishes
                       member:  #parrotfish__pollyfish  gaudy tropical fishes with parrotlike beaks formed by fusion of teeth
                    member:  #family_Polynemidae__Polynemidae  threadfins
                       member:  #threadfin  mullet-like tropical marine fishes having pectoral fins with long threadlike rays
                       member:  #genus_Polydactylus__Polydactylus  a genus of Polynemidae
                          member:  #barbu__polydactylusvirginicu  found along western Atlantic coast
                    member:  #family_Opisthognathidae__Opisthognathidae  jawfishes
                       member:  #jawfish  small large-mouthed tropical marine fishes common along sandy bottoms; males brood egg balls in their mouths; popular aquarium fishes
                    member:  #family_Uranoscopidae__Uranoscopidae  stargazers
                       member:  #stargazer  heavy-bodied marine bottom-lurkers with eyes on flattened top of the head
                    member:  #suborder_Blennioidea__Blennioidea  blennies; butterfishes; gunnels
                       member:  #blennioid_fish__blennioidfish__blennioid  elongated mostly scaleless marine fishes with large pectoral fins and reduced pelvic fins
                       member:  #family_Blenniidae__Blenniidae  a family of fish including: combtooth blennies
                          member:  #combtooth_blenny__combtoothblenny__blenny  small usually scaleless fishes with comb-like teeth living about rocky shores; territorial and hole-dwelling
                          member:  #genus_Blennius__Blennius  type genus of the Blenniidae
                             member:  #shanny__Blennius_pholis  European scaleless blenny
                          member:  #genus_Scartella__Scartella  a genus of Blenniidae
                             member:  #Molly_Miller__Scartella_cristata  inhabits both coasts of tropical Atlantic
                       member:  #family_Clinidae__Clinidae  viviparous blennies of temperate and tropical seas
                          member:  #clinid_fish__clinid  mostly small blennioid fishes of coral reefs and seagrass beds
                          member:  #genus_Chaenopsis__Chaenopsis  a genus of fish of the family Clinidae including pikeblennies
                             member:  #pikeblenny  tropical American fishes; males are aggressively defensive of their territory
                             member:  #bluethroat_pikeblenny__Chaenopsis_ocellata  found from Florida to Cuba
                       member:  #family_Pholidae__Pholidae__family_Pholididae  a family of fish of suborder Blennioidea
                          member:  #gunnel__bracketed_blenny__bracketedblenny  small eellike fishes common in shallow waters of the North Atlantic
                          member:  #genus_Pholis__Pholis  type genus of the Pholidae: gunnels
                             member:  #rock_gunnel__butterfish__Pholis_gunnellus  slippery scaleless food fish of North Atlantic coastal waters
                       member:  #family_Stichaeidae__Stichaeidae  pricklebacks
                          member:  #genus_Lumpenus__Lumpenus  a genus of Stichaeidae
                             member:  #snakeblenny__Lumpenus_lumpretaeformis  found in Arctic and North Atlantic
                             member:  #eelblenny  eellike fishes found in subarctic coastal waters
                          member:  #genus_Cryptacanthodes__Cryptacanthodes  a genus of Stichaeidae
                             member:  #wrymouth__ghostfish__Cryptacanthodes_maculatus  eellike Atlantic bottom fish with large almost vertical mouth
                       member:  #family_Anarhichadidae__Anarhichadidae  wolffishes
                          member:  #genus_Anarhichas__Anarhichas  type genus of the Anarhichadidae
                             member:  #wolffish__wolf_fish__catfish  large ferocious northern deep-sea food fishes with strong teeth and no pelvic fins
                       member:  #family_Zoarcidae__Zoarcidae  eelpouts
                          member:  #eelpout__pout  marine eellike mostly bottom-dwelling fishes of northern seas
                          member:  #genus_Zoarces__Zoarces  type genus of the Zoarcidae
                             member:  #viviparous_eelpout__Zoarces_viviparus  an eelpout of northern Europe that is viviparous
                          member:  #genus_Gymnelis__Gymnelis  a genus of Zoarcidae
                             member:  #fish_doctor__Gymnelis_viridis  brightly colored scaleless Arctic eelpout
                          member:  #genus_Macrozoarces__Macrozoarces  a genus of Zoarcidae
                             member:  #ocean_pout__oceanpout__Macrozoarces_americanus  common along northeastern coast of North America
                    member:  #family_Ammodytidae__Ammodytidae  sand lances
                       member:  #genus_Ammodytes__Ammodytes  type genus of the Ammodytidae
                          member:  #sand_lance__sand_launce__sand_eel__launce  very small silvery eellike schooling fishes that burrow into sandy beaches
                    member:  #family_Callionymidae__Callionymidae  dragonets
                       member:  #dragonet  small often brightly colored scaleless marine bottom-dwellers; found in tropical and warm-temperate waters of Europe and America
                    member:  #family_Gobiidae__Gobiidae  gobies
                       member:  #goby__gudgeon  small spiny-finned fish of coastal or brackish waters having a large head and elongated tapering body having the ventral fins modified as a sucker
                       member:  #genus_Periophthalmus__Periophthalmus  a genus of Gobiidae
                          member:  #mudskipper__mudspringer  found in tropical coastal regions of Africa and Asia; able to move on land on strong pectoral fins
                    member:  #family_Eleotridae__Eleotridae  sleepers
                       member:  #sleeper_goby__sleepergoby__sleeper  tropical fish that resembles a goby and rests quietly on the bottom in shallow water
                    member:  #family_Percophidae__Percophidae  percoid flatheads
                       member:  #flathead  pallid bottom-dwelling flat-headed fish with large eyes and a duck-like snout
                    member:  #family_Toxotidae__Toxotidae  archerfishes
                       member:  #genus_Toxotes__Toxotes  type genus of the Toxotidae
                          member:  #archerfish__Toxotes_jaculatrix  any of several small freshwater fishes that catch insects by squirting water at them and knocking them into the water; found in Indonesia and Australia
                    member:  #family_Microdesmidae__Microdesmidae  wormfishes
                       member:  #wormfish  poorly known family of small tropical shallow-water fishes related to gobies
                    member:  #family_Acanthuridae__Acanthuridae  surgeonfishes
                       member:  #surgeonfish  brightly colored coral-reef fish with knifelike spines at the tail
                       member:  #genus_Acanthurus__Acanthurus  type genus of the Acanthuridae: doctorfishes
                          member:  #doctorfish__Acanthurus_chirurgus  surgeon fish of the West Indies
                    member:  #family_Gempylidae__Gempylidae  snake mackerels
                       member:  #gempylid  snake mackerels; elongated marine fishes with oily flesh; resembles mackerels; found worldwide
                       member:  #genus_Gempylus__Gempylus  type genus of the Gempylidae
                       member:  #snake_mackerel__snakemackerel__Gempylus_serpens  predatory tropical fishes with jutting jaws and strong teeth
                       member:  #genus_Lepidocybium__Lepidocybium  a genus of Gempylidae
                          member:  #escolar__Lepidocybium_flavobrunneum  large snake mackerel with rings like spectacles around its eyes
                    member:  #family_Trichiuridae__Trichiuridae  cutlassfishes
                       member:  #cutlassfish__frost_fish__frostfish__hairtail  long-bodied marine fishes having a long whiplike scaleless body and sharp teeth; closely related to snake mackerel
                    member:  #suborder_Scombroidea__Scombroidea  mackerels; tunas; albacores; bonitos; swordfishes; sailfishes
                       member:  #scombroid_fish__scombroidfish__scombroid  important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters
                       member:  #family_Scombridae__Scombridae  marine food fishes: mackerels; chub mackerels; tuna
                          member:  #mackerel  any of various fishes of the family Scombridae
                          member:  #genus_Scomber__Scomber  type genus of the Scombridae
                             member:  #common_mackerel__shiner__Scomber_scombrus  important food fish of the North Atlantic and Mediterranean; its body is greenish-blue with dark bars and small if any scales
                             member:  #Scomber_colias__Spanish_mackerel  medium-sized mackerel of temperate Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
                             member:  #chub_mackerel__tinker__Scomber_japonicus  small mackerel found nearly worldwide
                          member:  #genus_Acanthocybium__Acanthocybium  wahoos
                             member:  #Acanthocybium_solandri__wahoo  large fast-moving predacious food and game fish; found worldwide
                          member:  #genus_Scomberomorus__Scomberomorus  Spanish mackerels
                             member:  #Spanish_mackerel  any of several large marine food fishes of the genus Scomberomorus
                             member:  #king_mackerel__cavalla__cero__Scomberomorus_cavalla  large mackerel with long pointed snout; important food and game fish of the eastern Atlantic coast south to Brazil
                             member:  #Scomberomorus_maculatus  large commercially important mackerel of American Atlantic coastal waters
                             member:  #cero__pintado__kingfish__Scomberomorus_regalis  large edible mackerel of temperate United States coastal Atlantic waters
                          member:  #genus_Thunnus__Thunnus  tunas: warm-blooded fishes
                             member:  #tuna__tunny  any very large marine food and game fish of the genus Thunnus; related to mackerel; chiefly of warm waters
                             member:  #horse_mackerel__horsemackerel__bluefin__bluefin_tuna__bluefintuna__Thunnus_thynnus  largest tuna; to 1500 pounds; of mostly temperate seas: feed in polar regions but breed in tropics
                             member:  #yellowfin_tuna__yellowfintuna__yellowfin__Thunnus_albacares  may reach 400 pounds; worldwide in tropics
                          member:  #genus_Sarda__Sarda  bonitos
                             member:  #bonito  any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas
                             member:  #skipjack__Atlantic_bonito__Sarda_sarda  medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna
                             member:  #Chile_bonito__Chilean_bonito__Sarda_chiliensis  common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well
                             member:  #Pacific_bonito__Sarda_lineolata__sardalineolata  probably a northern strain of Chile bonito
                          member:  #genus_Euthynnus__Euthynnus  a genus of Scombridae
                             member:  #skipjack_tuna__skipjack__Euthynnus_pelamis  oceanic schooling tuna of considerable value in Pacific but less in Atlantic; reaches 75 pounds; very similar to if not the same as oceanic bonito
                          member:  #genus_Katsuwonus__Katsuwonus  oceanic bonitos; in some classifications placed in its own family Katsuwonidae
                             member:  #oceanic_bonito__oceanicbonito__bonito__Katsuwonus_pelamis  fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna
                       member:  #Katsuwonidae__family_Kasuwonidae  in some classifications considered a separate family comprising the oceanic bonitos
                       member:  #family_Xiphiidae__Xiphiidae  comprising the common swordfishes
                          member:  #genus_Xiphias__Xiphias  type genus of the Xiphiidae
                             member:  #Xiphias_gladius__swordfish  large toothless marine food fish with a long swordlike upper jaw; not completely cold-blooded i.e. they are able to warm their brains and eyes: worldwide in warm waters but feed on cold ocean floor coming to surface at night
                       member:  #family_Istiophoridae__Istiophoridae  sailfishes; spearfishes; marlins
                          member:  #sailfish  large pelagic game fish having an elongated upper jaw and long sail-like dorsal fin
                          member:  #genus_Istiophorus__Istiophorus  type genus of the Istiophoridae
                             member:  #Atlantic_sailfish__Istiophorus_albicans  a kind of sailfish
                          member:  #billfish  giant warm-water game fish having a prolonged and rounded toothless upper jaw
                          member:  #genus_Makaira__Makaira  marlins
                             member:  #marlin__spearfish  large long-jawed oceanic sport fishes; related to sailfishes and spearfishes; not completely cold-blooded i.e. able to warm their brains and eyes
                          member:  #genus_Tetrapturus__Tetrapturus  a genus of Istiophoridae
                             member:  #spearfish  any of several large vigorous pelagic fishes resembling sailfishes but with first dorsal fin much reduced; worldwide but rare
                       member:  #family_Luvaridae__Luvaridae  louvars
                          member:  #genus_Luvarus__Luvarus  type genus of the Luvaridae
                             member:  #louvar__Luvarus_imperialis  large silvery fish found worldwide in warm seas but nowhere common; resembles a whale and feeds on plankton
                    member:  #family_Stromateidae__Stromateidae  butterfishes: harvest fishes; dollar fishes
                       member:  #stromateid_fish__butterfish__stromateid  small marine fish with a short smooth-scaled compressed body and feeble spines
                       member:  #genus_Poronotus__Poronotus  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #dollarfish__Poronotus_triacanthus  small food fish of Atlantic coast
                       member:  #genus_Palometa  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #palometa__California_pompano__Palometa_simillima  smaller than Florida pompano; common in West Indies
                       member:  #genus_Paprilus__Paprilus  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #harvestfish__Paprilus_alepidotus  butterfish up to a foot long of Atlantic waters from Chesapeake Bay to Argentina
                       member:  #genus_Psenes__Psenes  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #driftfish  small (6 inches) tropical butterfishes found worldwide
                       member:  #genus_Ariomma__Ariomma  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #driftfish.stromateid_fish  larger driftfishes of eastern Atlantic from the New York area to the northern Gulf of Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Tetragonurus__Tetragonurus  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #squaretail  sluggish square-tailed fish armored with tough bony scales; of deep warm waters
                       member:  #genus_Hyperoglyphe__Hyperoglyphe  a genus of Stromateidae
                          member:  #barrelfish__black_rudderfish__blackrudderfish__Hyperglyphe_perciformis  blackish fish of New England waters
                    member:  #family_Gobiesocidae__Gobiesocidae  clingfishes
                       member:  #genus_Gobiesox__Gobiesox  type genus of the Gobiesocidae
                       member:  #clingfish  very small (to 3 inches) flattened marine fish with a sucking disc on the abdomen for clinging to rocks etc.
                    member:  #family_Lobotidae__Lobotidae  tripletails
                       member:  #genus_Lobotes__Lobotes  type genus of the Lobotidae
                          member:  #tripletail  large food fish of warm waters worldwide having long anal and dorsal fins that with caudal fin suggest a three-lobed tail
                    member:  #family_Gerreidae__Gerreidae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae  mojarras
                       member:  #mojarra  small silvery schooling fishes with protrusible mouths found in warm coastal waters
                       member:  #genus_Gerres__Gerres  type genus of the Gerreidae
                          member:  #yellowfin_mojarra__yellowfinmojarra__Gerres_cinereus  popular panfish from Bermuda and Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
                       member:  #genus_Eucinostomus__Eucinostomus  a genus of Gerreidae
                          member:  #silver_jenny__Eucinostomus_gula  silvery mojarra found along sandy shores of the western Atlantic
                 member:  #order_Discocephali__Discocephali  small order of fishes comprising the remoras
                    member:  #family_Echeneididae__Echeneididae__family_Echeneidae  fishes having a sucking disk on the head for clinging to other fishes and to ships
                       member:  #remora__suckerfish__sucking_fish__suckingfish  marine fishes with a flattened elongated body and a sucking disk on the head for attaching to large fish or moving objects
                       member:  #genus_Echeneis__Echeneis  type genus of the Echeneididae: typical remoras
                          member:  #sharksucker__Echeneis_naucrates  remoras found attached to sharks
                       member:  #genus_Remilegia__Remilegia  a genus of Echeneididae
                          member:  #whalesucker__Remilegia_australis  large blue Pacific remora that attaches to whales and dolphins
                 member:  #order_Scleroparei__Scleroparei  scorpionfishes; sculpins; gurnards; greenlings; flying gurnards
                    member:  #family_Agonidae__Agonidae  poachers
                       member:  #sea_poacher__seapoacher__poacher__sea_poker__seapoker  small slender fish (to 8 inches) with body covered by bony plates; chiefly of deeper north Pacific waters
                       member:  #genus_Agonus__Agonus  type genus of the Agonidae
                          member:  #pogge__armed_bullhead__armedbullhead__Agonus_cataphractus  North Atlantic sea poacher
                       member:  #genus_Aspidophoroides__Aspidophoroides  alligatorfishes
                          member:  #alligatorfish__Aspidophoroides_monopterygius  small very elongate sea poachers
                    member:  #family_Hexagrammidae__Hexagrammidae  greenlings
                       member:  #greenling  food fish of the northern Pacific
                       member:  #genus_Hexagrammos__Hexagrammos  type genus of the Hexagrammidae
                          member:  #kelp_greenling__Hexagrammos_decagrammus  common food and sport fish of western coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Oxylebius__Oxylebius  a genus of Hexagrammidae
                          member:  #painted_greenling__paintedgreenling__convictfish__Oxylebius_pictus  greenling with whitish body marked with black bands
                    member:  #family_Dactylopteridae__Dactylopteridae  flying gurnards
                       member:  #genus_Dactylopterus__Dactylopterus  a genus of Dactylopteridae
                       member:  #flying_gurnard__flying_robin__butterflyfish  tropical fish with huge fanlike pectoral fins for underwater gliding; unrelated to searobins
                 member:  #suborder_Scorpaenoidea__Scorpaenoidea  mail-cheeked fishes: scorpionfishes; gurnards
                    member:  #family_Ophiodontidae__Ophiodontidae  fishes closely related to greenlings
                       member:  #genus_Ophiodon__Ophiodon  a genus of Ophiodontidae
                          member:  #Ophiodon_elongatus__lingcod  food fish of Northern Pacific waters related to greenlings
                    member:  #scorpaenoid_fish__scorpaenoidfish__scorpaenoid  fishes having the the head armored with bony plates
                    member:  #family_Cottidae__Cottidae  sculpins
                       member:  #genus_Cottus__Cottus  type genus of the Cottidae: sculpins
                          member:  #bullhead.sculpin  freshwater sculpin with a large flattened bony-plated head with hornlike spines
                          member:  #miller's-thumb  small freshwater sculpin of Europe and North America
                       member:  #sculpin  any of numerous spiny large-headed broad-mouthed usually scaleless scorpaenoid fishes
                       member:  #genus_Hemitripterus__Hemitripterus  sea ravens
                          member:  #sea_raven__searaven__Hemitripterus_americanus  large sculpin of western Atlantic; inflates itself when caught
                       member:  #genus_Myxocephalus__Myxocephalus  grubby
                          member:  #grubby__Myxocephalus_aenaeus  small sculpin of the coast of New England
                    member:  #family_Cyclopteridae__Cyclopteridae  lumpfishes
                       member:  #genus_Cyclopterus__Cyclopterus  type genus of the Cyclopteridae: lumpfishes
                          member:  #lumpfish__Cyclopterus_lumpus  clumsy soft thick-bodied North Atlantic fish with pelvic fins fused into a sucker; edible roe used for caviar
                    member:  #family_Liparididae__Liparididae__Liparidae__family_Liparidae  snailfishes
                       member:  #Liparis__genus_Liparis  type genus of the Liparididae: snailfishes
                          member:  #snailfish__seasnail__sea_snail__seasnail__Liparis_liparis  small tadpole-shaped cold-water fishes with pelvic fins forming a sucker; related to lumpfish
                    member:  #family_Platycephalidae__Platycephalidae  scorpaenoid flatheads
                       member:  #flathead.scorpaenoid_fish  food fish of the Indonesian region of the Pacific; resembles gurnards
                    member:  #family_Triglidae__Triglidae  in some classifications restricted to the gurnards and subdivided into the subfamilies Triglinae (true sea robins) and Peristediinae (armored sea robins)
                       member:  #gurnard  bottom-dwelling coastal fishes with spiny armored heads and fingerlike pectoral fins used for crawling along the sea bottom
                       member:  #genus_Triga__Triga  type genus of the Triglidae
                          member:  #tub_gurnard__tubgurnard__yellow_gurnard__Trigla_lucerna  a kind of gurnard
                       member:  #subfamily_Triglinae__Triglinae  in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising searobins having ordinary scales and no barbels (true searobins)
                       member:  #genus_Prionotus__Prionotus  a genus of Triglidae
                          member:  #northern_sea_robin__Prionotus_carolinus  large searobin; found from Nova Scotia to Florida
                       member:  #subfamily_Peristediinae__Peristediinae  in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising the armored searobins
                       member:  #genus_Peristedion__Peristedion  in some classifications the type genus of the subfamily Peristediinae: armored sea robins
                          member:  #armored_searobin__armoredsearobin__armored_sea_robin__armoredsearobin__Peristedion_miniatum  sea robins having bony scutes on the body and barbels on the chin; found mostly on the continental slope
                 member:  #order_Plectognathi__Plectognathi__order_Tetraodontiformes  boxfishes; filefishes; globefishes; ocean sunfishes; triggerfishes; puffers
                    member:  #plectognath_fish__plectognathfish__plectognath  tropical marine fishes having the teeth fused into a beak and thick skin covered with bony plates or spines
                    member:  #family_Balistidae__Balistidae  triggerfishes
                       member:  #triggerfish  any of numerous compressed deep-bodied tropical fishes with sandpapery skin and erectile spines in the first dorsal fin
                       member:  #genus_Balistes__Balistes  type genus of the Balistidae
                          member:  #queen_triggerfish__queentriggerfish__Bessy_cerca__oldwench__oldwife__balistesvetula  tropical Atlantic fish
                       member:  #filefish  narrow flattened warm-water fishes with leathery skin and a long file-like dorsal spine
                    member:  #family_Monocanthidae__Monocanthidae  filefishes
                       member:  #genus_Monocanthus__Monocanthus  type genus of the Monocanthidae
                          member:  #leatherfish__leatherjacket  any of several brightly colored tropical filefishes
                    member:  #family_Ostraciidae__Ostraciidae__family_Ostraciontidae  boxfishes
                       member:  #boxfish__trunkfish  any of numerous small tropical fishes having body and head encased in bony plates
                       member:  #genus_Lactophrys__Lactophrys  a genus of Ostraciidae
                          member:  #cowfish__Lactophrys_quadricornis  trunkfish having hornlike spines over the eyes
                    member:  #family_Tetraodontidae__Tetraodontidae  puffers
                       member:  #puffer__blowfish__globefish  any of numerous marine fishes whose elongated spiny body can inflate itself with water or air to form a globe; several species contain a potent nerve poison; closely related to spiny puffers
                    member:  #family_Diodontidae__Diodontidae  spiny puffers
                       member:  #spiny_puffer__spinypuffer  puffers having rigid or erectile spines
                       member:  #genus_Diodon__Diodon  type genus of the Diodontidae
                          member:  #porcupinefish__porcupine_fish__porcupinefish__Diodon_hystrix  spines become erect when the body is inflated; worldwide in warm waters
                          member:  #balloonfish__Diodon_holocanthus  similar to but smaller than porcupinefish
                       member:  #genus_Chilomycterus__Chilomycterus  burrfishes
                          member:  #burrfish  any of several fishes having rigid flattened spines
                    member:  #family_Molidae__Molidae  ocean sunfishes
                       member:  #genus_Mola  type genus of the Molidae
                          member:  #ocean_sunfish__oceansunfish__sunfish__headfish  among the largest bony fish; pelagic fish having an oval compressed body with high dorsal and anal fins and caudal fin reduced to a rudder-like lobe; worldwide in warm waters
                 member:  #order_Heterosomata__Heterosomata__order_Pleuronectiformes  flatfishes: halibut; sole; flounder; plaice; turbot; tonguefishes
                    member:  #flatfish  any of several families of fishes having flattened bodies that swim along the sea floor on one side of the body with both eyes on the upper side
                    member:  #family_Pleuronectidae__Pleuronectidae  righteye flounders
                       member:  #righteye_flounder__righteyed_flounder__righteyedflounder  flounders with both eyes on the right side of the head
                       member:  #genus_Pleuronectes__Pleuronectes  type genus of the Pleuronectidae
                          member:  #Pleuronectes_platessa__plaice  large European food fish
                       member:  #genus_Platichthys__Platichthys  a genus of Pleuronectidae
                          member:  #European_flatfish__Platichthys_flesus  important food fish of Europe
                       member:  #genus_Limanda__Limanda  a genus of Pleuronectidae
                          member:  #Limanda_ferruginea__yellowtail_flounder  American flounder having a yellowish tail
                       member:  #genus_Pseudopleuronectes__Pseudopleuronectes  a genus of Pleuronectidae
                       member:  #genus_Microstomus__Microstomus  a genus of Pleuronectidae
                          member:  #Microstomus_kitt__lemon_sole__lemonsole  European flatfish highly valued as food
                       member:  #genus_Hippoglossoides__Hippoglossoides  a genus of Pleuronectidae
                       member:  #genus_Hippoglossus__Hippoglossus  halibuts
                    member:  #family_Bothidae__Bothidae  a family of fish of the order Heterosomata
                       member:  #lefteye_flounder__lefteyeflounder__lefteyed_flounder  flatfishes with both eyes on the left side of the head
                       member:  #genus_Paralichthys__Paralichthys  a genus of Bothidae
                          member:  #southern_flounder__Paralichthys_lethostigmus  flounder of southern United States
                          member:  #summer_flounder__Paralichthys_dentatus  flounder of eastern coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Etropus__Etropus  a genus of Bothidae
                          member:  #gray_flounder__Etropus_rimosus  flounder found from North Carolina to Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico
                       member:  #genus_Citharichthys__Citharichthys  a genus of Bothidae
                          member:  #whiff.lefteye_flounder  a lefteye flounder found in coastal waters from New England to Brazil
                          member:  #sand_dab  small food fishes of the Pacific coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Scophthalmus__Scophthalmus  a genus of Bothidae
                          member:  #Scophthalmus_aquosus__windowpane  very thin translucent flounder of the Atlantic coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Psetta__Psetta  a genus of Bothidae
                          member:  #Psetta_maxima__turbot  a large brownish European flatfish
                    member:  #family_Cynoglossidae__Cynoglossidae  tonguefishes
                       member:  #tonguefish  left-eyed marine flatfish whose tail tapers to a point; of little commercial value
                    member:  #family_Soleidae__Soleidae  soles
                       member:  #sole.flatfish  right-eyed flatfish; many are valued as food; most common in warm seas especially European
                       member:  #genus_Solea__Solea  type genus of the Soleidae
                          member:  #European_sole__Solea_solea  highly valued as food
                          member:  #Solea_lascaris__lemon_sole__lemonsole  small European sole
                       member:  #genus_Parophrys__Parophrys  a genus of Soleidae
                          member:  #Parophrys_vitulus__English_sole__lemon_sole__lemonsole  popular pale brown food flatfish of the Pacific coast of North America
                       member:  #genus_Psettichthys__Psettichthys  a genus of Soleidae
                          member:  #sand_sole__Psettichthys_melanostichus  common flatfish of North American Pacific coast
                       member:  #genus_Trinectes__Trinectes  a genus of Soleidae
                          member:  #hogchoker__Trinectes_maculatus  useless as food; in coastal streams from Maine to Texas and Panama
              member:  #family_Pempheridae__Pempheridae  sweepers
                 member:  #sweeper  little-known nocturnal fish of warm shallow seas with an oblong compressed body
              member:  #order_Ganoidei__Ganoidei  a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales
                 member:  #ganoid_fish__ganoid  primitive fishes having thick bony scales with a shiny covering
                 member:  #family_Amiidae__Amiidae  only the bowfins
                    member:  #genus_Amia__Amia  type genus of the Amiidae
                       member:  #bowfin__grindle__Amia_calva  primitive long-bodies carnivorous freshwater fish with a very long dorsal fin; found in sluggish waters of North America
                 member:  #family_Polyodontidae__Polyodontidae  paddlefishes
                    member:  #genus_Polyodon__Polyodon  type genus of the Polyodontidae
                       member:  #paddlefish__duckbill__Polyodon_spathula  primitive fish of the Mississippi valley having a long paddle-shaped snout
                    member:  #genus_Psephurus__Psephurus  a genus of Polyodontidae
                       member:  #Chinese_paddlefish__Psephurus_gladis  fish of larger rivers of China similar to the Mississippi paddlefish
                 member:  #family_Acipenseridae__Acipenseridae  sturgeons
                    member:  #sturgeon  large primitive fishes valued for their flesh and roe; widely distributed in north temperate zone
                    member:  #genus_Acipenser__Acipenser  type genus of the Acipenseridae: sturgeons
                       member:  #Pacific_sturgeon__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Sacramento_sturgeon__Acipenser_transmontanus  food and game fish of marine and fresh waters of northwestern coast of North America
                       member:  #beluga__hausen__white_sturgeon__whitesturgeon__Acipenser_huso  valuable source of caviar and isinglass; found in Black and Caspian seas
                 member:  #family_Lepisosteidae__Lepisosteidae  comprises the genus Lepisosteus
                    member:  #genus_Lepisosteus__Lepisosteus  type genus of the Lepisosteidae: freshwater gars
                       member:  #gar__garfish__garpike__billfish__Lepisosteus_osseus  primitive predaceous North American fish covered with hard scales and having long jaws with needle-like teeth
  member:  #arthropod_family__arthropodfamily  any of the arthropods
  member:  #arthropod_genus  a genus of arthropods
  member:  #phylum_Arthropoda__Arthropoda  jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids; crustaceans; insects; millipedes; centipedes
     member:  #arthropod  invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin
     member:  #superclass_Chelicerata__Chelicerata  spiders; scorpions; horseshoe crabs
        member:  #class_Arachnida__Arachnida  a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings
           member:  #arachnid__arachnoid  air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs
           member:  #order_Phalangida__Phalangida__Opiliones__order_Opiliones  harvestmen
              member:  #family_Phalangiidae__Phalangiidae  a family of Phalangida
                 member:  #genus_Phalangium__Phalangium  type genus of the family Phalangiidae
                    member:  #harvestman__daddy_longlegs__Phalangium_opilio  spider-like arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs
           member:  #order_Scorpionida__Scorpionida  true scorpions
              member:  #scorpion  arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous sting
           member:  #order_Chelonethida__Chelonethida__Pseudoscorpionida__order_Pseudoscorpionida__Pseudoscorpiones__order_Pseudoscorpiones  false scorpions
              member:  #false_scorpion__falsescorpion__pseudoscorpion  small nonvenomous arachnid resembling a tailless scorpion
              member:  #genus_Chelifer__Chelifer  a genus of Chelonethida
                 member:  #book_scorpion__Chelifer_cancroides  minute arachnid sometimes found in old papers
           member:  #order_Pedipalpi__Pedipalpi__Uropygi__order_Uropygi  whip scorpions
              member:  #whipscorpion__whip_scorpion  nonvenomous arachnid that resembles a scorpion and that has a long thin stingless tail
              member:  #genus_Mastigoproctus__Mastigoproctus  giant whip scorpions
                 member:  #vinegarroon__mastigoproctusgiganteu  large whipscorpion of Mexico and southern United States that emits a vinegary odor when alarmed
           member:  #order_Araneae__Araneae__Araneida__order_Araneida  spiders
              member:  #spider  predatory arachnid that usually has silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey
              member:  #family_Argiopidae__Argiopidae  orb-weaving spiders; cosmopolitan
                 member:  #genus_Argiope__Argiope  the type genus of Argiopidae; small genus of orb-weaving spiders
                    member:  #black_and_gold_garden_spider__Argiope_aurantia  a widely distributed North American garden spider
                 member:  #genus_Aranea__Aranea__Araneus__araneu__genus_Araneus  a genus of orb-weaving spiders including common garden spiders and barn spiders
                    member:  #barn_spider__Araneus_cavaticus  an orange and tan spider with darkly banded legs that spins an orb web daily; "the barn spider was made famous in E. B. White's book `Charlotte's Web'"
                    member:  #garden_spider__Aranea_diademata  a common European garden spider
              member:  #family_Theridiidae__Theridiidae  a family of comb-footed spiders
                 member:  #comb-footed_spider__theridiid  spider having a comb-like row of bristles on each hind foot
                 member:  #genus_Latrodectus__Latrodectus  venomous spiders
                    member:  #black_widow__blackwidow__Latrodectus_mactans  venomous New World spider; the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen
              member:  #family_Theraphosidae__Theraphosidae  large tropical spiders; tarantulas
                 member:  #tarantula  large hairy tropical spider that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites
              member:  #family_Lycosidae__Lycosidae  wolf spiders
                 member:  #wolf_spider__hunting_spider__huntingspider  ground spider that hunts its prey instead of using a web
                 member:  #genus_Lycosa__Lycosa  type genus of the family Lycosidae
                    member:  #European_wolf_spider__tarantula__Lycosa_tarentula  large southern European spider once thought to be the cause of tarantism (uncontrollable bodily movement)
              member:  #family_Ctenizidae__Ctenizidae  large burrowing spiders
                 member:  #trap-door_spider  American spider that constructs a silk-lined nest with a hinged lid
           member:  #order_Acarina__Acarina  mites and ticks
              member:  #acarine  mite or tick
              member:  #tick  any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals
              member:  #family_Ixodidae__Ixodidae  hard ticks
                 member:  #hard_tick__ixodid  ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head
                 member:  #genus_Ixodes__Ixodes  type genus of the family Ixodidae
                    member:  #Ixodes_dammini__deer_tick  a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis
                    member:  #Ixodes_neotomae  a tick that usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to dusky-footed woodrats
                    member:  #Ixodes_pacificus__western_black-legged_tick  feeds on dusky-footed woodrat and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in western United States especially northern California
                    member:  #Ixodes_scapularis__black-legged_tick  parasitic on mice of genus Peromyscus and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in eastern United States (especially New England); northern form was for a time known as Ixodes dammini (deer tick)
                    member:  #sheeptick__ixodesricinu  parasitic on sheep and cattle as well as humans; can transmit looping ill in sheep (acute viral disease of the nervous system); a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
                    member:  #Ixodes_persulcatus  bites humans; a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
                    member:  #Ixodes_dentatus  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and woodrats
                    member:  #Ixodes_spinipalpis  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and wood rats
                 member:  #genus_Dermacentor__Dermacentor  vectors of important diseases of man and animals
                    member:  #wood_tick__American_dog_tick__Dermacentor_variabilis  common tick that can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia
              member:  #family_Argasidae__Argasidae  soft ticks
                 member:  #soft_tick__argasid  tick lacking a dorsal shield and having mouth parts on the under side of the head
              member:  #mite  any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods
              member:  #family_Acaridae__Acaridae  mites
                 member:  #acarid  very small free-living arachnid that is parasitic on animals or plants; related to ticks
              member:  #family_Trombidiidae__Trombidiidae  mites
                 member:  #trombidiid  mite that in all stages feeds on other arthropods
              member:  #family_Trombiculidae__Trombiculidae  mites
                 member:  #trombiculiid  mite that as nymph and adult feeds on early stages of small arthropods but whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial vertebrates
                 member:  #genus_Trombicula__Trombicula  type genus of the family Trombiculidae
                    member:  #harvest_mite__harvestmite__jigger__redbug  larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates including human beings causing intense irritation
              member:  #family_Sarcoptidae__Sarcoptidae  small whitish mites
                 member:  #genus_Sarcoptes__Sarcoptes  type genus of the family Sarcoptidae: itch mites
                    member:  #itch_mite__sarcoptid  whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; "itch mites cause scabies"
              member:  #acarus  a mite of the genus Acarus
              member:  #family_Tetranychidae__Tetranychidae  plant-feeding mites
                 member:  #spider_mite__tetranychid  web-spinning mite that attacks garden plants and fruit trees
                 member:  #genus_Panonychus__Panonychus  a genus of Tetranychidae
                    member:  #red_spider_mite__red_spider__redspider__Panonychus_ulmi  small web-spinning mite; a serious orchard pest
        member:  #order_Pycnogonida__Pycnogonida  sea spiders
           member:  #sea_spider__seaspider__pycnogonid  any of various small spider-like marine arthropods having small thin bodies and long slender legs
        member:  #class_Merostomata__Merostomata  used in some classifications; includes the orders Xiphosura and Eurypterida
           member:  #order_Xiphosura__Xiphosura  horseshoe crabs and extinct forms
              member:  #family_Limulidae__Limulidae  horseshoe crabs
                 member:  #genus_Limulus__Limulus  type genus of the family Limulidae
                    member:  #horseshoe_crab__horseshoecrab__king_crab__Limulus_polyphemus__Xiphosurus_polyphemus  large marine arthropod of the American Atlantic coast having a domed horseshoe-shaped carapace and stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse
                 member:  #genus_Tachypleus__Tachypleus  a genus of Limulidae
                    member:  #Asian_horseshoe_crab  horseshoe crab of the coast of eastern Asia
           member:  #order_Eurypterida__Eurypterida  extinct aquatic arthropods of the Paleozoic
              member:  #eurypterid  large extinct scorpion-like arthropod considered related to horseshoe crabs
     member:  #superclass_Myriapoda  used in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes
     member:  #class_Pauropoda__Pauropoda  an obscure class of minute arthropods with branched antennae and 8 to 10 pairs of legs
     member:  #class_Symphyla__Symphyla  small class of minute arthropods; unimportant except for the garden centipede
        member:  #genus_Scutigerella__Scutigerella  garden centipedes
           member:  #garden_centipede__garden_symphilid__symphilid__scutigerellaimmaculata  minute arthropod often infesting the underground parts of truck-garden and greenhouse crops
     member:  #class_Tardigrada__Tardigrada  in some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needle-like piercing organs connected with the pharynx
        member:  #tardigrade  an arthropod of the division Tardigrada
     member:  #class_Chilopoda__Chilopoda  arthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes
        member:  #centipede  chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs
        member:  #family_Scutigeridae__Scutigeridae  a family of Chilopoda
           member:  #genus_Scutigera__Scutigera  a genus of Scutigeridae
              member:  #house_centipede__housecentipede__Scutigera_coleoptrata  long-legged centipede common in damp places as e.g. cellars
        member:  #order_Geophilomorpha__Geophilomorpha  small elongate centipedes living in soil and under stones and having more than 30 pairs of legs
           member:  #family_Geophilidae__Geophilidae  small extremely elongate earth-living centipedes
              member:  #genus_Geophilus__Geophilus  type genus of the Geophilidae: cosmopolitan genus of centipedes sometimes called earwigs
     member:  #class_Diplopoda__Diplopoda__Myriapoda__class_Myriapoda  arthropods having the body composed of numerous double somites each with two pairs of legs: millipedes
        member:  #millipede__milliped  any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs
     member:  #subphylum_Pentastomida__Pentastomida  tongue worms
        member:  #tongue_worm__pentastomid  wormlike arthropod having two pairs of hooks at the sides of the mouth; parasitic in nasal sinuses of mammals
     member:  #class_Crustacea__Crustacea  class of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas
        member:  #crustacean  any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton
        member:  #subclass_Malacostraca__Malacostraca  largest subclass of Crustacea including most of the well-known marine, freshwater, and terrestrial crustaceans: crabs; lobsters; shrimps; sow bugs; beach flies
           member:  #malacostracan_crustacean__malacostracancrustacean  a major subclass of crustaceans
           member:  #Decapoda__order_Decapoda  lobsters; crayfish; crabs; shrimps; prawns
              member:  #decapod_crustacean__decapodcrustacean__decapod  crustaceans characteristically having five pairs of locomotor appendages each joined to a segment of the thorax
              member:  #suborder_Reptantia__Reptantia  lobsters; crabs
                 member:  #suborder_Brachyura__Brachyura  an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface
                    member:  #brachyuran  typical crabs
                    member:  #crab  decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers
                    member:  #genus_Menippe__Menippe  stone crabs
                       member:  #Menippe_mercenaria__stone_crab__stonecrab  large edible crab of S coat of United States especially Florida
                    member:  #family_Cancridae__Cancridae  many of the best known edible crabs
                       member:  #genus_Cancer__Cancer  type genus of the family Cancridae
                          member:  #Cancer_magister__Dungeness_crab  small edible crab of Pacific coast of North America
                          member:  #rock_crab__Cancer_irroratus  crab of eastern coast of North America
                          member:  #Jonah_crab__Cancer_borealis  large red deep-water crab of the eastern coast of North America
                    member:  #family_Portunidae__Portunidae  swimming crabs
                       member:  #swimming_crab  marine crab with some legs flattened and fringed for swimming
                       member:  #genus_Portunus__Portunus  type genus of the family Portunidae
                          member:  #English_lady_crab__Portunus_puber  crab of the English coasts
                       member:  #genus_Ovalipes__Ovalipes  a genus of Portunidae
                          member:  #American_lady_crab__lady_crab__calico_crab__Ovalipes_ocellatus  brightly spotted crab of sandy beaches of the United States Atlantic coast
                       member:  #genus_Callinectes__Callinectes  New World blue crabs
                          member:  #Callinectes_sapidus__blue_crab  bluish edible crab of Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
                    member:  #genus_Uca__Uca  fiddler crabs
                       member:  #fiddler_crab__fiddlercrab  burrowing crab of American coastal regions having one claw much enlarged in the male
                    member:  #family_Pinnotheridae__Pinnotheridae  tiny soft-bodied crabs
                       member:  #genus_Pinnotheres__Pinnotheres  type genus of the family Pinnotheridae: pea crabs
                          member:  #pea_crab__peacrab  tiny soft-bodied crab living commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve mollusks
                          member:  #oyster_crab__Pinnotheres_ostreum  tiny soft-bodied crab living within the mantle cavity of oysters
                    member:  #family_Lithodidae__Lithodidae  deep-sea crabs of cold waters
                       member:  #genus_Paralithodes__Paralithodes  a genus of Lithodidae
                          member:  #Paralithodes_camtschatica__king_crab__Alaska_crab__Alaskan_king_crab__Alaska_king_crab  large edible crab of North Pacific waters especially along the coasts of Alaska and Japan
                    member:  #family_Majidae__Majidae  spider crabs
                       member:  #spider_crab  any of numerous crabs with very long legs and small triangular bodies
                       member:  #genus_Maja__Maja__Maia__genus_Maia  type genus of the Majidae; nearly cosmopolitan
                          member:  #European_spider_crab__king_crab__Maja_squinado  large European spider crab
                       member:  #genus_Macrocheira__Macrocheira  giant crabs of Japan
                          member:  #giant_crab__giantcrab__Macrocheira_kaempferi  very large deep-water Japanese crab
                 member:  #lobster  any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae
                 member:  #family_Homaridae__Homaridae  large-clawed lobsters
                    member:  #true_lobster  large edible marine crustaceans having large pincers on the first pair of legs
                    member:  #genus_Homarus__Homarus  type genus of the family Homaridae: common edible lobsters
                       member:  #Homarus_americanus__American_lobster__Northern_lobster__Maine_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of America
                       member:  #Homarus_vulgaris__European_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of Europe
                          member:  #European_lobster  similar to but smaller than American lobsters
                       member:  #Cape_lobster__Homarus_capensis  small lobster of southern Africa
              member:  #family_Nephropsidae__Nephropsidae  in some classifications coextensive with the Homaridae
                 member:  #genus_Nephrops__Nephrops  a genus of Nephropsidae
              member:  #family_Palinuridae__Palinuridae  spiny lobsters
                 member:  #genus_Palinurus__Palinurus  type genus of the family Palinuridae
                    member:  #crawfish__spiny_lobster__spinylobster__langouste__rock_lobster__crayfish__sea_crawfish__seacrawfish  large edible marine crustacean having a spiny carapace but lacking the large pincers of true lobsters
              member:  #family_Astacidae__Astacidae__Astacura  crayfish
                 member:  #crawdaddy__crayfish__crawfish__crawdad  small freshwater decapod crustacean that resembles a lobster
                 member:  #genus_Astacus__Astacus  type genus of the family Astacidae; Old World crayfish
                    member:  #Old_World_crayfish__ecrevisse  small crayfish of Europe and Asia and western North America
                 member:  #genus_Cambarus__Cambarus  a genus of Astacidae
                    member:  #American_crayfish  common large crayfishes of eastern North America
              member:  #family_Paguridae__Paguridae  hermit crabs
                 member:  #genus_Pagurus__Pagurus  type genus of the family Paguridae
                    member:  #hermit_crab  small soft-bodied marine crustaceans living in cast-off shells of gastropods
              member:  #suborder_Natantia__Natantia  shrimp; prawns; etc.
                 member:  #family_Crangonidae__Crangonidae  shrimps
                    member:  #genus_Crangon__Crangon  type genus of the family Crangonidae
                    member:  #shrimp  small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible
                 member:  #family_Palaemonidae__Palaemonidae  prawns
                    member:  #genus_Palaemon__Palaemon  type genus of the family Palaemonidae; widely distributed genus
                       member:  #prawn  shrimp-like decapod crustacean having two pairs of pincers; most are edible
                       member:  #long-clawed_prawn__river_prawn__Palaemon_australis  large (a foot or more) edible freshwater prawn common in Australian rivers
                 member:  #family_Peneidae__Peneidae  tropical prawns
                    member:  #genus_Peneus__Peneus  type genus of the family Peneidae
                       member:  #tropical_prawn  edible tropical and warm-water prawn
           member:  #order_Euphausiacea__Euphausiacea  small commonly luminescent crustaceans; important element of marine plankton: krill
              member:  #krill  shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales
              member:  #Euphausia_pacifica  food for jellyfish
           member:  #order_Mysidacea__Mysidacea  opossum shrimp
              member:  #family_Mysidae__Mysidae  small shrimp-like crustaceans
                 member:  #genus_Mysis__Mysis  type genus of the family Mysidae
                    member:  #opossum_shrimp__opossumshrimp  shrimp-like crustaceans whose females carry eggs and young in a pouch between the legs
                 member:  #genus_Praunus__Praunus  a genus of Mysidae
                    member:  #opossum_shrimp__opossumshrimp  shrimp-like crustaceans whose females carry eggs and young in a pouch between the legs
           member:  #order_Isopoda__Isopoda  woodlice
              member:  #isopod  any of various small terrestrial or aquatic crustaceans with seven pairs of legs adapted for crawling
              member:  #family_Armadillidiidae__Armadillidiidae  pill bugs
                 member:  #genus_Armadillidium__Armadillidium  type genus of the Armadillidiidae
                    member:  #pill_bug  small terrestrial isopod with a convex segmented body that can roll up into a ball
              member:  #family_Oniscidae__Oniscidae  a family of Isopoda
                 member:  #genus_Oniscus__Oniscus  type genus of the Oniscidae; woodlice that cannot roll into a ball
                    member:  #sow_bug__sowbug  terrestrial isopod having an oval segmented body (a shape like a sow)
              member:  #family_Porcellionidae__Porcellionidae  sow bugs
                 member:  #genus_Porcellio__Porcellio  Old World genus of isopod crustaceans
                    member:  #sow_bug__sowbug  terrestrial isopod having an oval segmented body (a shape like a sow)
           member:  #order_Amphipoda__Amphipoda  small flat-bodied semi-terrestrial crustaceans: whale lice; sand-hoppers; skeleton shrimp
              member:  #amphipod  a kind of malacostracan crustacean
              member:  #family_Orchestiidae__Orchestiidae  beach fleas
                 member:  #genus_Orchestia__Orchestia  type genus of the family Orchestiidae
                    member:  #beach_flea__beachflea__sand_hopper__sand_flea  small amphipod crustaceans that hop like fleas; common on ocean beaches
              member:  #genus_Caprella__Caprella  skeleton shrimp
                 member:  #skeleton_shrimp  small amphipod crustacean having a grotesque form suggestive of the praying mantis; found chiefly on seaweed
              member:  #genus_Cyamus__Cyamus  whale lice
                 member:  #whale_louse__whalelouse  amphipod crustacean parasitic on cetaceans
        member:  #order_Stomatopoda__Stomatopoda  mantis shrimps
           member:  #stomatopod_crustacean__stomatopod  a kind of crustacean
           member:  #mantis_shrimp__mantis_crab  tropical marine burrowing crustaceans with large grasping appendages
           member:  #family_Squillidae__Squillidae  crustaceans that burrow in mud or under stones in shallow water along the seashore
              member:  #genus_Squilla  type genus of the family Squillidae
                 member:  #squilla__mantis_prawn  a kind of mantis shrimp
        member:  #subclass_Entomostraca__Entomostraca  in some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use
        member:  #subclass_Branchiopoda__Branchiopoda  primitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas
           member:  #genus_Daphnia  water fleas
              member:  #daphnia__water_flea__waterflea  minute freshwater crustacean having a round body enclosed in a transparent shell; moves about like a flea by means of hairy branched antennae
           member:  #order_Anostraca__Anostraca  small aquatic crustaceans lacking a carapace: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps
              member:  #genus_Artemia__Artemia__Chirocephalus__genus_Chirocephalus  fairy shrimp; brine shrimp
                 member:  #fairy_shrimp__fairyshrimp  small freshwater branchiopod having a transparent body with many appendages; swims on its back
                 member:  #brine_shrimp__brineshrimp__Artemia_salina  common to saline lakes
           member:  #order_Notostraca__Notostraca  small freshwater crustaceans with a shield-shaped carapace
              member:  #family_Triopidae__Triopidae  a family of Notostraca
           member:  #genus_Triops__Triops  type genus of the family Triopidae: small crustaceans with a small third median eye
              member:  #tadpole_shrimp__tadpoleshrimp  a kind of branchiopod crustacean
        member:  #subclass_Copepoda__Copepoda  minute planktonic or parasitic crustaceans
           member:  #copepod_crustacean__copepodcrustacean__copepod  minute marine or fresh-water crustaceans usually having six pairs of limbs on the thorax; some abundant in plankton and others parasitic on fish
           member:  #genus_Cyclops  copepod water fleas
              member:  #cyclops__cyclop__water_flea__waterflea  minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming; important in some food chains and as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that affect man e.g. Guinea worms
           member:  #order_Branchiura__Branchiura  copepods with suctorial mouthparts; parasitic on fishes
              member:  #fish_louse  a kind of copepod
        member:  #subclass_Ostracoda__Ostracoda  seed shrimps
           member:  #seed_shrimp__mussel_shrimp__ostracod  tiny marine and freshwater crustaceans with a shrimp-like body enclosed in a bivalve shell
        member:  #subclass_Cirripedia__Cirripedia  barnacles
           member:  #barnacle__cerriped__cerripede  marine crustaceans with feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae; as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces
           member:  #family_Balanidae__Balanidae  stalkless barnacles
              member:  #genus_Balanus__Balanus  type genus of the family Balanidae
                 member:  #acorn_barnacle__acornbarnacle__rock_barnacle__Balanus_balanoides  barnacle that attaches to rocks especially in intertidal zones
           member:  #family_Lepadidae__Lepadidae  goose barnacles
              member:  #genus_Lepas__Lepas  type genus of the family Lepadidae
                 member:  #goose_barnacle__goosebarnacle__lepasfasciculari  stalked barnacle that attaches to ship bottoms or floating timbers
     member:  #class_Onychophora__Onychophora  enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids
        member:  #onychophoran__velvet_worm__peripatus__peripatu  any of numerous velvety-skinned wormlike carnivorous animals common in tropical forests having characteristics of both arthropods and annelid worms
        member:  #family_Peripatidae__Peripatidae  a family of Onychophora
           member:  #genus_Peripatus  type genus of Peripatidae; onychophorans of chiefly New World tropical regions
           member:  #genus_Plicatoperipatus__Plicatoperipatus  a genus of Peripatidae
              member:  #Plicatoperipatus_jamaicensis  a kind of onychophoran
        member:  #family_Peripatopsidae__Peripatopsidae  a family of Onychophora
           member:  #genus_Peripatopsis__Peripatopsis  type genus of Peripatopsidae; onychophorans of chiefly Asiatic and African tropical regions
     member:  #class_Insecta__Insecta__Hexapoda__class_Hexapoda  insects; about five-sixths of all known animal species
        member:  #order_Mecoptera__Mecoptera  an order of carnivorous insects usually having long membranous wings and long beaklike heads with chewing mouths at the tip
           member:  #mecopteran  any of various carnivorous insects of the order Mecoptera
           member:  #family_Panorpidae__Panorpidae  a family of insects of the order Mecoptera
              member:  #scorpion_fly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Panorpidae of the northern hemisphere having a long beak and long antennae; males have a tail like that of a scorpion except it is not venomous
           member:  #family_Bittacidae__Bittacidae  a family of predacious tropical insects of the order Mecoptera
              member:  #hanging_fly__hangingfly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Bittacidae
        member:  #order_Collembola__Collembola  minute wingless arthropods: springtails
           member:  #collembolan__springtail  any of numerous minute wingless primitive insects possessing a special abdominal appendage that allows the characteristic nearly perpetual springing pattern; found in soil rich in organic debris or on the surface of snow or water
        member:  #order_Protura__Protura  minute wingless arthropods: telsontails
           member:  #proturan__telsontail  any of several minute primitive wingless and eyeless insects having a cone-shaped head; inhabit damp soil or decaying organic matter
        member:  #order_Coleoptera__Coleoptera  beetles
           member:  #beetle  insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings
           member:  #family_Cicindelidae__Cicindelidae  tiger beetles
              member:  #tiger_beetle__tigerbeetle  active usually bright-colored beetle that preys on other insects
           member:  #family_Coccinellidae__Coccinellidae  the ladybugs
              member:  #ladybug__lady_beetle__ladybird__ladybird_beetle  small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests
              member:  #genus_Adalia__Adalia  genus of ladybugs
                 member:  #two-spotted_ladybug__twospottedladybug__Adalia_bipunctata  red ladybug with a black spot on each wing
              member:  #genus_Epilachna__Epilachna  genus of ladybugs native to Mexico and Central America; both larvae and adults feed on plants
                 member:  #Mexican_bean_beetle__bean_beetle__Epilachna_varivestis  introduced into the United States from Mexico; feeds on the foliage of the bean plant
              member:  #genus_Hippodamia__Hippodamia  genus of ladybugs
                 member:  #Hippodamia_convergens  a variety of ladybug
              member:  #genus_Rodolia__Rodolia__genus_Vedalia  genus of Australian ladybugs
                 member:  #vedalia__Rodolia_cardinalis  native to Australia; introduced elsewhere to control scale insects
           member:  #family_Carabidae__Carabidae  ground beetles
              member:  #ground_beetle__carabid_beetle__carabidbeetle  predacious shining black or metallic terrestrial beetle that destroys many injurious insects
              member:  #genus_Brachinus__Brachinus  bombardier beetles
                 member:  #bombardier_beetle  beetle that ejects audibly a pungent vapor when disturbed
              member:  #genus_Calosoma  genus of large predaceous ground beetles that feed on injurious caterpillars
                 member:  #calosoma  any beetle of the genus Calosoma
           member:  #family_Lampyridae__Lampyridae  fireflies
              member:  #lightning_bug__lightningbug__firefly  nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs
           member:  #family_Cerambycidae__Cerambycidae  long-horned beetles
              member:  #long-horned_beetle__longicorn__longicorn_beetle__longicornbeetle  long-bodied beetle having very long antennae
              member:  #genus_Monochamus__Monochamus  sawyer beetles
                 member:  #sawyer_beetle__sawyer  any of several beetles whose larvae bore holes in dead or dying trees especially conifers
                 member:  #pine_sawyer  large beetle whose larvae bore holes in pine trees
           member:  #family_Chrysomelidae__Chrysomelidae  leaf beetles
              member:  #leaf_beetle__chrysomelid  brightly colored beetle that feeds on plant leaves; larvae infest roots and stems
              member:  #genus_Leptinotarsa__Leptinotarsa  Colorado potato beetles
                 member:  #Colorado_potato_beetle__Colorado_beetle__potato_bug__potato_beetle__Leptinotarsa_decemlineata  black-and-yellow beetle that feeds in adult and larval stages on potato leaves; originally of eastern Rocky Mountains; now worldwide
           member:  #family_Dermestidae__Dermestidae  carpet beetles
              member:  #carpet_beetle__carpet_bug  small beetle whose larvae are household pests feeding on woolen fabrics
           member:  #family_Cleridae__Cleridae  beetles that prey on other insects
              member:  #clerid_beetle__clerid  predacious on other insects; usually brightly colored or metallic
           member:  #superfamily_Lamellicornia__Lamellicornia  scarabaeid beetles and stag beetles
              member:  #lamellicorn_beetle__lamellicornbeetle  beetle having antennae with hard platelike terminal segments
              member:  #family_Scarabaeidae__Scarabaeidae  scarab or dung beetles
                 member:  #scarabaeid_beetle__scarabaeid__scarabaean  any of numerous species of stout-bodied beetles having heads with horny spikes
                 member:  #genus_Scarabaeus  type genus of the Scarabaeidae
                    member:  #scarab__scarabaeus__Scarabaeus_sacer  scarabaeid beetle considered divine by ancient Egyptians
                 member:  #genus_Popillia__Popillia  a genus of Scarabaeidae
                    member:  #Japanese_beetle__Popillia_japonica  small metallic green and brown beetle native to eastern Asia; serious plant pest in North America
                 member:  #genus_Anomala__Anomala  genus of beetles whose grubs feed mainly on roots of plants; includes several pests of cultivated grasses
                    member:  #Oriental_beetle__Asiatic_beetle__Anomala_orientalis  introduced into United States from the Orient; larvae feed on roots of sugarcane and other grasses
                 member:  #subfamily_Melolonthidae__Melolonthidae  considered a separate family in some classification systems
                    member:  #genus_Melolontha__Melolontha  a genus of Melolonthidae
                       member:  #cockchafer__May_bug__May_beetle__Melolontha_melolontha  any of various large European beetles destructive to vegetation as both larvae and adult
                    member:  #genus_Macrodactylus__Macrodactylus  a genus of Melolonthidae
                       member:  #rose_bug__rose_chafer__Macrodactylus_subspinosus  common North American beetle: larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
                 member:  #subfamily_Cetoniidae__Cetoniidae  considered a separate family in some classification systems
                    member:  #genus_Cetonia__Cetonia  a genus of Cetoniidae
                       member:  #rose_chafer__rose_beetle__Cetonia_aurata  a common metallic green European beetle: larvae feed on plant roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. roses
              member:  #family_Lucanidae__Lucanidae  stag beetles
                 member:  #stag_beetle  the male has branched mandibles resembling antlers
           member:  #family_Elateridae__Elateridae  click beetles and certain fireflies
              member:  #elaterid_beetle__elater__elaterid  any of various widely distributed beetles
              member:  #genus_Pyrophorus__Pyrophorus  tropical click beetles
                 member:  #firefly__fire_beetle__Pyrophorus_noctiluca  tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots
              member:  #wireworm  wormlike larva of various elaterid beetles; feeds on roots of many crop plants
           member:  #family_Dytiscidae__Dytiscidae  water beetles
              member:  #water_beetle__waterbeetle  any of numerous aquatic beetles usually having a smooth oval body and flattened hind legs for swimming
           member:  #family_Gyrinidae__Gyrinidae  whirligig beetles
              member:  #whirligig_beetle__whirligigbeetle  aquatic beetle that circles rapidly on the water surface
           member:  #family_Anobiidae__Anobiidae  deathwatch beetles
              member:  #deathwatch_beetle__deathwatch__Xestobium_rufovillosum  bores through wood making a ticking sound popularly thought to presage death
           member:  #family_Curculionidae__Curculionidae  true weevils: snout beetles
              member:  #snout_beetle__snoutbeetle  small weevil having a prolonged snout; destructive to e.g. grains and nuts
              member:  #genus_Anthonomus__Anthonomus  weevils destructive of cultivated plants
                 member:  #boll_weevil__Anthonomus_grandis  grayish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton
           member:  #family_Meloidae__Meloidae  blister beetles
              member:  #blister_beetle__blisterbeetle__meloid  beetle that produces a secretion that blisters the skin
           member:  #family_Scolytidae__Scolytidae__Ipidae__family_Ipidae  large family of bark-boring or wood-boring short-beaked beetles; very destructive to forest and fruit trees
              member:  #genus_Scolytus__Scolytus  type genus of the Scolytidae comprising numerous small bark beetles
                 member:  #Dutch-elm_beetle__Scolytus_multistriatus  a vector of the fungus causing Dutch elm disease
              member:  #genus_Dendroctonus__Dendroctonus  genus of small bark beetles destructive especially to mature conifers
              member:  #bark_beetle  small beetle that bores tunnels in the bark and wood of trees; related to weevils
           member:  #family_Staphylinidae__Staphylinidae  rove beetles
              member:  #rove_beetle  active beetle typically having predatory or scavenging habits
           member:  #family_Tenebrionidae__Tenebrionidae  a family of arthropods including darkling beetles and mealworms
              member:  #darkling_beetle__darkling_groung_beetle__tenebrionid  sluggish hard-bodied black terrestrial weevil whose larvae feed on e.g. decaying plant material or grain
              member:  #mealworm  the larva of beetles of the family Tenebrionidae
              member:  #genus_Tribolium__Tribolium  flour beetles
                 member:  #flour_beetle__flourbeetle__flour_weevil__flourweevil  infests flour and stored grains
           member:  #family_Bruchidae__Bruchidae  seed beetles
              member:  #seed_beetle__seed_weevil  infests the seeds of legumes
              member:  #genus_Bruchus__Bruchus  type genus of the Bruchidae
                 member:  #pea_weevil__peaweevil__Bruchus_pisorum  larvae live in and feed on seeds of the pea plant
              member:  #genus_Acanthoscelides__Acanthoscelides  a genus of Bruchidae
                 member:  #bean_weevil__Acanthoscelides_obtectus  larvae live in and feed on growing or stored beans
              member:  #genus_Sitophylus__Sitophylus  a genus of Bruchidae
                 member:  #rice_weevil__black_weevil__blackweevil__Sitophylus_oryzae  brown weevil that infests stored grain especially rice
        member:  #order_Embioptera__Embioptera__Embiodea__order_Embiodea  web spinners
           member:  #web_spinner__webspinner  any of a small order of slender typically tropical insects that nest in colonies in silken tunnels that they spin
        member:  #order_Anoplura__Anoplura  sucking lice
           member:  #sucking_louse__suckinglouse__louse  wingless usually flattened blood-sucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals
           member:  #family_Pediculidae__Pediculidae  true lice: human lice and related forms
              member:  #genus_Pediculus__Pediculus  type genus of Pediculidae: true lice infecting humans
                 member:  #common_louse__Pediculus_humanus  head or body louse
                 member:  #head_louse__Pediculus_capitis  infests the head and body of humans
                 member:  #body_louse__cootie__Pediculus_corporis  a parasitic louse that infests the body of human beings
           member:  #family_Phthiriidae__Phthiriidae  crab lice
              member:  #genus_Phthirius__Phthirius__Phthirus__genus_Phthirus  true lice: crab lice
                 member:  #crab_louse__pubic_louse__pubiclouse__crab__Phthirius_pubis  infests the pubic region of the human body
        member:  #order_Mallophaga__Mallophaga  biting lice
           member:  #bird_louse__biting_louse__louse  wingless insect with mouth parts adapted for biting; mostly parasitic on birds
           member:  #genus_Menopon__Menopon  chicken lice
              member:  #chicken_louse__chickenlouse__shaft_louse__shaftlouse__Menopon_palladum__Menopon_gallinae  parasitic on poultry
        member:  #order_Siphonaptera__Siphonaptera  fleas
           member:  #flea  any wingless blood-sucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap
           member:  #family_Pulicidae__Pulicidae  many common fleas attacking humans and domestic animals
              member:  #genus_Pulex__Pulex  type genus of the Pulicidae
                 member:  #Pulex_irritans  the most common flea attacking humans
              member:  #genus_Ctenocephalides__Ctenocephalides  an arthropod genus of fleas
                 member:  #dog_flea__dogflea__Ctenocephalides_canis  flea that attacks dogs and cats
                 member:  #cat_flea__catflea__Ctenocephalides_felis  flea that breeds chiefly on cats and dogs and rats
           member:  #genus_Tunga__Tunga  a genus of Siphonaptera
              member:  #chigoe_flea__chigoe__chigger__Tunga_penetrans  small tropical flea; the fertile female burrows under the skin of the host including humans
           member:  #genus_Echidnophaga__Echidnophaga  a genus of Siphonaptera
              member:  #sticktight_flea__sticktight__Echidnophaga_gallinacea  parasitic on especially the heads of chickens
        member:  #order_Diptera__Diptera  a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths; includes true flies and mosquitoes and gnats and crane flies
           member:  #dipterous_insect__dipterousinsect__two-winged_insects__dipteran__dipteron  insects having usually a single pair of functional wings (anterior pair) with the posterior pair reduced to small knobbed structures and mouth parts adapted for sucking or lapping or piercing
           member:  #family_Cecidomyidae__Cecidomyidae  gall midges
              member:  #gall_midge__gallfly__gallgnat  fragile mosquito-like flies that produce galls on plants
              member:  #genus_Mayetiola__Mayetiola  a genus of Cecidomyidae
                 member:  #Hessian_fly__Mayetiola_destructor  small fly whose larvae damage wheat and other grains
           member:  #superfamily_Muscoidea__Muscoidea  two-winged flies especially the families: Muscidae; Gasterophilidae; Calliphoridae; Tachinidae
           member:  #family_Muscidae__Muscidae  two-winged flies especially the housefly
              member:  #genus_Musca__Musca  type genus of the Muscidae: houseflies
                 member:  #housefly__Musca_domestica  common fly that frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases
           member:  #fly  two-winged insects characterized by active flight
           member:  #family_Glossinidae__Glossinidae  flies closely related to the Muscidae: tsetse flies
              member:  #genus_Glossina  type genus of the Glossinidae: tsetse flies
                 member:  #tsetse_fly__tsetse__tzetze_fly__tzetze__glossina  blood-sucking African fly; transmits sleeping sickness etc.
           member:  #family_Calliphoridae__Calliphoridae  blowflies
              member:  #genus_Calliphora__Calliphora  type genus of the Calliphoridae: blowflies
                 member:  #blowfly__blow_fly  large usually hairy metallic blue or green fly; lays eggs in carrion or dung or wounds
              member:  #genus_Lucilia__Lucilia  greenbottle flies
                 member:  #greenbottle_fly__greenbottle  blowfly with brilliant coppery green body
              member:  #genus_Sarcophaga__Sarcophaga  flesh flies
                 member:  #flesh_fly__fleshfly__Sarcophaga_carnaria  fly whose larvae feed on carrion or the flesh of living animals
           member:  #family_Tachinidae__Tachinidae  parasites on other insects
              member:  #tachina_fly__tachinafly  bristly fly whose larvae live parasitically in caterpillars and other insects; important in control of noxious insects
           member:  #family_Gasterophilidae__Gasterophilidae  horse botflies
              member:  #genus_Gasterophilus__Gasterophilus  type genus of the Gasterophilidae: horse botflies
                 member:  #horse_botfly__horsebotfly__Gasterophilus_intestinalis  parasitic chiefly on horses
           member:  #family_Cuterebridae__Cuterebridae  New World botflies
              member:  #genus_Cuterebra__Cuterebra  type genus of the Cuterebridae
              member:  #genus_Dermatobia__Dermatobia  larvae live under the skin of domestic mammals and humans
                 member:  #human_botfly__humanbotfly__dermatobiahomini  large tropical American fly; parasitic on humans and other mammals
           member:  #family_Oestridae__Oestridae__Hypodermatidae__family_Hypodermatidae  warble flies
              member:  #genus_Oestrus__Oestrus  type genus of the Oestridae: sheep botflies
                 member:  #sheep_botfly__sheepbotfly__sheep_gadfly__sheepgadfly__Oestrus_ovis  larvae are parasitic on sheep
              member:  #genus_Hypoderma__Hypoderma  in some classifications considered the type genus of the family Hypodermatidae: warble flies
                 member:  #warble_fly  hairy bee-like fly whose larvae produce lumpy abscesses (warbles) under the skin of cattle
           member:  #family_Tabanidae__Tabanidae  horseflies
              member:  #horsefly__cleg__clegg__horse_fly__horsefly  large swift fly the female of which sucks blood of various animals
           member:  #family_Bombyliidae__Bombyliidae  bee flies
              member:  #bee_fly__beefly  hairy nectar-eating fly that resembles a bee; larvae are parasitic on larvae of bees and related insects
           member:  #family_Asilidae__Asilidae  robber flies
              member:  #robber_fly__bee_killer__beekiller  swift predatory fly having a strong body like a bee with the proboscis hardened for sucking juices of other insects captured on the wing
           member:  #family_Trypetidae__Trypetidae__Trephritidae__family_Trephritidae  fruit flies; some leafminers
              member:  #genus_Rhagoletis__Rhagoletis  a genus of Trypetidae
                 member:  #apple_maggot__applemaggot__railroad_worm__Rhagoletis_pomonella  larvae bore into and feed on apples
              member:  #genus_Ceratitis__Ceratitis  Mediterranean fruit flies
                 member:  #Mediterranean_fruit_fly__medfly__Ceratitis_capitata  small black-and-white fly that damages citrus and other fruits by implanting eggs that hatch inside the fruit
              member:  #genus_Philophylla__Philophylla  leaf miners
           member:  #family_Drosophilidae__Drosophilidae  fruit flies
              member:  #genus_Drosophila  a genus of Drosophilidae
                 member:  #drosophila__Drosophila_melanogaster  small fly used in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance
                 member:  #vinegar_fly  flies whose larvae feed on pickles and imperfectly sealed preserves
           member:  #family_Hippoboscidae__Hippoboscidae  winged or wingless dipterans: louse flies
              member:  #louse_fly__lousefly__hippoboscid  blood-sucking dipterous fly parasitic on birds and mammals
              member:  #genus_Hippobosca__Hippobosca  type genus of the Hippoboscidae
                 member:  #horse_tick__horsetick__horsefly__Hippobosca_equina  winged fly parasitic on horses
              member:  #genus_Melophagus__Melophagus  an arthropod genus of wingless flies including the sheep ked
                 member:  #sheep_ked__sheepked__sheeptick__sheeptick__melophagusovinu  wingless fly that is an external parasite on sheep and cattle
           member:  #genus_Haematobia__Haematobia  European genus of bloodsucking flies
              member:  #horn_fly__Haematobia_irritans  small black European fly introduced into North America; sucks blood from cattle especially at the base of the horn
           member:  #suborder_Nematocera__Nematocera  mosquitoes; fungus gnats; crane flies; gnats; sand flies
              member:  #family_Culicidae__Culicidae  mosquitoes
                 member:  #mosquito  two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals
                 member:  #wiggler__wriggler  larva of a mosquito
                 member:  #genus_Aedes__Aedes  yellow-fever mosquitos
                    member:  #yellow-fever_mosquito__Aedes_aegypti  mosquito that transmits yellow fever and dengue
                    member:  #Asian_tiger_mosquito__Aedes_albopictus  striped native of Japan thriving in United States southeast and midwest and spreading to the Caribbean; potential carrier of serious diseases
                 member:  #genus_Anopheles__Anopheles  malaria mosquitoes; distinguished by the adult's head-downward stance and absence of breathing tubes in the larvae
                    member:  #anopheline  any mosquito of the genus Anopheles
                    member:  #malarial_mosquito__malaria_mosquito__malariamosquito  transmits the malaria parasite
                 member:  #genus_Culex__Culex  type genus of the Culicidae: widespread genus of mosquitoes distinguished by holding the body parallel to the resting surface
                    member:  #common_mosquito__Culex_pipiens  common house mosquito
                    member:  #Culex_quinquefasciatus__Culex_fatigans  widespread tropical mosquito that transmits filarial worms
              member:  #family_Ceratopogonidae__Ceratopogonidae  biting midges; sand flies
                 member:  #punkie__punky__punkey__no-see-um__biting_midge  minute two-winged insect that sucks the blood of mammals and birds and other insects
                 member:  #genus_Ceratopogon__Ceratopogon  type genus of the Ceratopogonidae
              member:  #family_Chironomidae__Chironomidae  midges
                 member:  #midge  minute two-winged mosquito-like fly lacking biting mouthparts; appear in dancing swarms especially near water
                 member:  #genus_Chironomus__Chironomus  type genus of the Chironomidae
              member:  #Mycetophilidae__family_Mycetophylidae  fungus gnats
                 member:  #fungus_gnat  mosquito-like insect whose larvae feed on fungi or decaying vegetation
              member:  #family_Psychodidae__Psychodidae  very small two-winged flies with hairy wings that develop in moss and damp vegetable matter: sand flies
                 member:  #psychodid  a fly of the family Psychodidae
                 member:  #genus_Phlebotomus__Phlebotomus  small blood-sucking sand flies that resemble moths
                    member:  #sand_fly__Phlebotomus_papatasii  blood-sucking females can transmit sandfly fever
              member:  #family_Sciaridae__Sciaridae  fungus gnats
                 member:  #genus_Sciara  type genus of the Sciaridae: fungus gnat
                    member:  #sciara__fungus_gnat__sciarid  minute blackish gregarious flies destructive to mushrooms and seedlings
              member:  #family_Tipulidae__Tipulidae  crane flies
                 member:  #crane_fly__cranefly__daddy_longlegs  long-legged slender flies that resemble large mosquitoes but do not bite
           member:  #family_Simuliidae__Simuliidae  blackflies and sand flies
              member:  #genus_Simulium__Simulium  type genus of the Simuliidae: blackflies
                 member:  #black_fly__blackfly__buffalo_gnat__buffalognat  small blackish stout-bodied biting fly having aquatic larvae; sucks the blood of birds as well as humans and other mammals
        member:  #order_Hymenoptera__Hymenoptera  an order of insects including: bees; wasps; ants; ichneumons; sawflies; gall wasps; etc.
           member:  #hymenopterous_insect__hymenopterousinsect__hymenopteran__hymenopteron__hymenopter  insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing
           member:  #superfamily_Apoidea__Apoidea  bees
              member:  #bee  any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species
              member:  #queen_bee__queenbee  fertile egg-laying female bee
              member:  #worker_bee  sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive
              member:  #family_Apidae__Apidae  honeybees; carpenter bees; bumblebees
                 member:  #genus_Apis__Apis  type genus of the Apidae: honeybees
                    member:  #honeybee__Apis_mellifera  social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces
                 member:  #genus_Xylocopa__Xylocopa  carpenter bees
                    member:  #carpenter_bee__carpenterbee  large solitary bee that lays eggs in tunnels bored into wood or plant stems
                 member:  #genus_Bombus__Bombus  bumblebees
                    member:  #bumblebee__humblebee  robust hairy social bee of temperate regions
                 member:  #genus_Psithyrus__Psithyrus  a large bee that resembles the bumblebee but lacks pollen-collecting apparatus and a worker caste
                    member:  #cuckoo-bumblebee  a bee that is parasitic in the nests of bumblebees
              member:  #family_Andrenidae__Andrenidae  a large family of solitary short-tongued bees most of which burrow in the ground
                 member:  #genus_Andrena  a solitary burrowing short-tongued bee
                    member:  #andrena__andrenid__mining_bee  a bee that is a a member of the genus Andrena
              member:  #family_Halictidae__Halictidae  a family of small solitary bees; many are valuable pollinators for agriculture
                 member:  #nomia__genusnomia  a genus of bee; some are important pollinators of legumes
                    member:  #Nomia_melanderi__alkali_bee  a common solitary bee important for pollinating alfalfa in the western United States
              member:  #family_Megachilidae__Megachilidae  leaf-cutting and mason bees
                 member:  #genus_Megachile__Megachile  type genus of the Megachilidae: leaf-cutting bees
                    member:  #leaf-cutting_bee__leaf-cutter__leaf-cutter_bee  bee that cuts rounded pieces from leaves and flowers to line its nest
                 member:  #mason_bee__masonbee  any of numerous solitary bees that build nests of hardened mud and sand
                 member:  #genus_Anthidium__Anthidium  potter bees
                    member:  #potter_bee  solitary bee that builds nests of mud or pebbles cemented together and attached to a plant
           member:  #family_Vespidae__Vespidae  an arthropod family of the order Hymenoptera including: yellow jackets; hornets; mason wasps
              member:  #vespid_wasp__vespid  mostly social nest-building wasps
              member:  #genus_Vespa__Vespa  type genus of the Vespidae: various hornets and yellow jackets
              member:  #genus_Vespula__Vespula  sometimes considered a subgenus of Vespa: social wasps
                 member:  #common_wasp__Vespula_vulgaris  a variety of vespid wasp
                 member:  #yellow_jacket__yellow_hornet__Vespula_maculifrons  small yellow-marked social wasp commonly nesting in the ground
              member:  #genus_Polistes__Polistes  a genus of Vespidae
                 member:  #Polistes_annularis  a variety of paper wasp
              member:  #genus_Eumenes__Eumenes  mason wasps
                 member:  #mason_wasp__masonwasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct nests of hardened mud for their young
                 member:  #potter_wasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct vase-shaped cells of mud for their eggs
           member:  #superfamily_Sphecoidea__Sphecoidea  families Sphecidae and Stizidae
              member:  #sphecoid_wasp__sphecoid  any of various solitary wasps
              member:  #family_Sphecidae__Sphecidae  mud daubers; some digger wasps
                 member:  #genus_Sceliphron__Sceliphron  mud daubers
                    member:  #mason_wasp.sphecoid_wasp__masonwasp  solitary wasp that constructs nests of hardened mud or clay for the young
                 member:  #mud_dauber__muddauber  wasp that constructs mud cells on a solid base in which females place eggs laid in paralyzed insect larvae
              member:  #family_Stizidae__Stizidae  cicada killers
                 member:  #genus_Sphecius__Sphecius  large solitary wasps: cicada killer
                    member:  #cicada_killer__Sphecius_speciosis  large black or rust-colored wasp that preys on cicadas
           member:  #family_Cynipidae__Cynipidae  a family of Hymenoptera
              member:  #cynipid_gall_wasp__gall_wasp__gallfly__cynipidwasp  small solitary wasp that produces galls on oaks and other plants
              member:  #genus_Cynips__Cynips  type genus of the Cynipidae: gall wasps
              member:  #genus_Amphibolips__Amphibolips  cynipid gall wasps, especially causing oak-apple galls
              member:  #genus_Andricus__Andricus  cynipid gall wasps, chiefly affecting oaks
           member:  #family_Chalcididae__Chalcididae__Chalcidae__family_Chalcidae  an arthropod family including: chalcidflies
              member:  #chalcid_fly__chalcidfly__chalcid__chalcid_wasp__chalcidwasp  any of various tiny insects whose larvae are parasites on eggs and larvae of other insects; many are beneficial in destroying injurious insects
              member:  #strawworm__jointworm  larva of chalcid flies injurious to the straw of wheat and other grains
              member:  #genus_Chalcis__Chalcis  type genus of the Chalcididae
                 member:  #chalcis_fly__chalcisfly  a variety of chalcid fly
           member:  #family_Ichneumonidae__Ichneumonidae  ichneumon flies
              member:  #ichneumon_fly__ichneumonfly  hymenopterous insect that resembles a wasp and whose larvae are parasitic on caterpillars and other insect larvae
           member:  #family_Tenthredinidae__Tenthredinidae  sawflies
              member:  #sawfly  insect whose female has a saw-like ovipositor for inserting eggs into the leaf or stem tissue of a host plant
              member:  #genus-Fenusa__Fenusa  birch leaf miner
           member:  #family_Formicidae__Formicidae  ants
              member:  #ant__emmet__pismire  social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers
              member:  #genus_Monomorium__Monomorium  a genus of Formicidae
                 member:  #pharaoh_ant__pharaohant__pharaoh's_ant__pharaoh'sant__Monomorium_pharaonis  small red ant of warm regions; a common household pest
                 member:  #little_black_ant__Monomorium_minimum  tiny glossy black ant; nests outdoors but invades houses for food
              member:  #subfamily_Dorylinae__Dorylinae  army ants
                 member:  #army_ant__driver_ant__legionary_ant__legionaryant  tropical nomadic ant that preys mainly on other insects
              member:  #genus_Camponotus__Camponotus  carpenter ants
                 member:  #carpenter_ant__carpenterant  ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs
              member:  #genus_Solenopsis__Solenopsis  fire ants
                 member:  #fire_ant  omnivorous ant of tropical and subtropical America that can inflict a painful sting
              member:  #genus_Formica__Formica  type genus of the Formicidae
                 member:  #wood_ant__Formica_rufa  reddish-brown European ant typically living in anthills in woodlands
                 member:  #Formica_fusca  an ant frequently enslaved
                 member:  #sanguinary_ant__Formica_sanguinea  slave-making ant widely distributed over the northern hemisphere
              member:  #genus_Myrmecia__Myrmecia  bulldog ants
                 member:  #bulldog_ant__bulldogant  any of the large fierce Australian ants of the genus Myrmecia
              member:  #genus_Polyergus__Polyergus  Amazon ants
                 member:  #Amazon_ant__Polyergus_rufescens  small reddish slave-making ant species
        member:  #order_Isoptera__Isoptera  order of social insects that live in colonies, including: termites; often placed in subclass Exopterygota
           member:  #family_Termitidae__Termitidae  termites
              member:  #genus_Termes__Termes  type genus of the Termitidae
              member:  #genus_Reticulitermes__Reticulitermes  includes species highly destructive to structures and living trees
                 member:  #Reticulitermes_flanipes  destructive United States termite
                 member:  #Reticulitermes_lucifugus  destructive European termite
           member:  #termite__white_ant__whiteant  whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood
           member:  #family_Rhinotermitidae__Rhinotermitidae  large widely distributed family of termites of temperate to tropical regions
           member:  #family_Mastotermitidae__Mastotermitidae  primitive termites
              member:  #genus_Mastotermes__Mastotermes  primitive genus of termites; mostly extinct; sometimes considered the most primitive Isoptera
                 member:  #Mastotermes_darwiniensis  Australian termite; sole living species of Mastotermes; called a living fossil; apparent missing link between cockroaches and termites
                 member:  #Mastotermes_electromexicus  extinct termite found in amber in S Mexico
                 member:  #Mastotermes_electrodominicus  extinct termite found in amber in the Dominican Republic
           member:  #family_Kalotermitidae__Kalotermitidae  primitive termites of warm regions
              member:  #genus_Kalotermes__Kalotermes  type genus of Kalotermitidae; termites destructive of wood and living trees
              member:  #genus_Cryptotermes__Cryptotermes  genus of dry wood termites; cosmopolitan; sometimes considered a subgenus of Kalotermes
                 member:  #powder-post_termite__Cryptotermes_brevis  extremely destructive dry-wood termite of warm regions
        member:  #order_Orthoptera__Orthoptera  grasshoppers and locusts; crickets
           member:  #orthopterous_insect__orthopteron__orthopteran  any of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthparts
           member:  #family_Acrididae__Acrididae__Locustidae__family_Locustidae  short-horned grasshoppers; true locusts
              member:  #short-horned_grasshopper__acridid  grasshopper with short antennae
              member:  #genus_Locusta__Locusta  a genus of Acrididae
                 member:  #migratory_locust__migratorylocust__Locusta_migratoria  Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation
              member:  #genus_Melanoplus__Melanoplus  New World migratory locusts and common American grasshoppers
                 member:  #migratory_grasshopper__migratorygrasshopper  serious pest of grain-growing and range areas of central and western United States
           member:  #family_Tettigoniidae__Tettigoniidae  long-horned grasshoppers; katydids
              member:  #long-horned_grasshopper__tettigoniid  grasshoppers with long threadlike antennae and well-developed stridulating organs on the forewings of the male
              member:  #genus_Microcentrum__Microcentrum  katydids
                 member:  #katydid  large green long-horned grasshopper of North America; males produce shrill sounds by rubbing together special organs on the forewings
              member:  #genus_Anabrus__Anabrus  a genus of Tettigoniidae
                 member:  #mormon_cricket__Anabrus_simplex  large dark wingless cricket-like katydid of arid parts of western United States
           member:  #family_Stenopelmatidae__Stenopelmatidae  long-horned grasshoppers
              member:  #genus_Stenopelmatus__Stenopelmatus  sand crickets
                 member:  #sand_cricket__Jerusalem_cricket__Stenopelmatus_fuscus  large wingless nocturnal grasshopper that burrows in loose soil along the United States Pacific coast
           member:  #family_Gryllidae__Gryllidae  crickets
              member:  #cricket.orthopterous_insect  leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together
              member:  #genus_Acheta__Acheta  common house and field crickets
                 member:  #European_house_cricket__Acheta_domestica  lives in human dwellings; naturalized in parts of America
                 member:  #field_cricket__fieldcricket__Acheta_assimilis  common American black cricket; attacks crops and also enters dwellings
              member:  #genus_Oecanthus__Oecanthus  tree crickets
                 member:  #tree_cricket  pale arboreal American cricket noted for loud stridulation
        member:  #order_Phasmida__Phasmida__Phasmatodea__order_Phasmatodea  in some classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera: stick insects; leaf insects
           member:  #phasmid_insect__phasmidinsect__phasmid  large cylindrical or flattened mostly tropical insects with long strong legs that feed on plants; walking sticks and leaf insects
           member:  #family_Phasmidae__Phasmidae__Phasmatidae__family_Phasmatidae  stick insects
              member:  #walkingstick__walking_stick__walkingstick__stick_insect__stickinsect  any of various mostly tropical insects having long twiglike bodies
              member:  #genus_Diapheromera  a genus of Phasmidae
                 member:  #diapheromera__Diapheromera_femorata  a variety of stick insect
           member:  #family_Phyllidae__Phyllidae__Phillidae__family_Phillidae  leaf insects
              member:  #genus_Phyllium__Phyllium  type genus of the Phyllidae
                 member:  #walking_leaf__walkingleaf__leaf_insect  tropical insect having a flattened leaflike body; common in southern Asia and the East Indies
        member:  #subclass_Exopterygota__Exopterygota__Hemimetabola  subclass of insects characterized by gradual and usually incomplete metamorphosis
        member:  #order_Dictyoptera__Dictyoptera  in some classifications replaced by the orders (here suborders) Blattodea (cockroaches) and Manteodea (mantids); in former classifications often subsumed under a much broader order Orthoptera
           member:  #dictyopterous_insect__dictyopterousinsect  cockroaches and mantids
           member:  #suborder_Blattodea__Blattodea__Blattaria__suborder_Blattaria  cockroaches; in some classifications considered an order
              member:  #cockroach__roach  any of numerous chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests
              member:  #family_Blattidae__Blattidae  domestic cockroaches
                 member:  #genus_Blatta__Blatta  type genus of the Blattidae: cockroaches infesting buildings worldwide
                    member:  #oriental_cockroach__oriental_roach__Asiatic_cockroach__blackbeetle__Blatta_orientalis  dark brown cockroach originally from orient now nearly cosmopolitan in distribution
                 member:  #genus_Periplaneta__Periplaneta  cosmopolitan genus of large cockroaches
                    member:  #American_cockroach__Periplaneta_americana  large reddish brown free-flying cockroach originally from southern United States but now widely distributed
                    member:  #Australian_cockroach__Periplaneta_australasiae  widely distributed in warm countries
                 member:  #genus_Blattella__Blattella  small cockroaches
                    member:  #German_cockroach__Croton_bug__water_bug__waterbug__Blattella_germanica  small light-brown cockroach brought to United States from Europe; a common household pest
                 member:  #genus_Blaberus__Blaberus  giant cockroaches
                    member:  #giant_cockroach__giantcockroach  large tropical American cockroaches
              member:  #family_Cryptocercidae__Cryptocercidae  a family of Blattodea
                 member:  #genus_Cryptocercus__Cryptocercus  cockroaches
           member:  #suborder_Manteodea__Manteodea  mantises; in former classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera
              member:  #family_Mantidae__Mantidae__Manteidae__family_Manteidae  mantises
                 member:  #genus_Mantis  type genus of the Mantidae: mantises
                    member:  #mantis__mantid  predacious long-bodied large-eyed insect of warm regions; rests with forelimbs raised as in prayer
        member:  #order_Hemiptera__Hemiptera  plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g. aphids; plant lice; cicadas)
           member:  #hemipterous_insect__hemipterousinsect__bug__hemipteran__hemipteron  insects with sucking mouthparts and forewings thickened and leathery at the base; usually show incomplete metamorphosis
           member:  #family_Miridae__Miridae__Capsidae__family_Capsidae  leaf bugs
              member:  #mirid_bug__miridbug__mirid__capsid  a variety of leaf bug
              member:  #genus_Poecilocapsus__Poecilocapsus  a genus of Miridae
                 member:  #four-lined_plant_bug__four-lined_leaf_bug__Poecilocapsus_lineatus  yellow or orange leaf bug with four black stripes down the back; widespread in central and eastern North America
              member:  #genus_Lygus__Lygus  plant-sucking bugs
                 member:  #lygus_bug__lygusbug  vector of viral plant diseases
           member:  #family_Tingidae__Tingidae  lace bugs
              member:  #lace_bug  small bug having body and wings covered with a lacy network of raised lines
           member:  #family_Lygaeidae__Lygaeidae  lygaeid bugs
              member:  #lygaeid_bug__lygaeidbug__lygaeid  a true bug: usually bright-colored; pest of cultivated crops and some fruit trees
              member:  #genus_Blissus__Blissus  chinch bugs
                 member:  #chinch_bug__Blissus_leucopterus  small black-and-white insect that feeds on cereal grasses
           member:  #family_Coreidae__Coreidae  squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs
              member:  #coreid_bug__coreid  a true bug
              member:  #genus_Anasa__Anasa  squash bugs
                 member:  #squash_bug__Anasa_tristis  large black American bug that sucks sap of vines of the gourd family
              member:  #genus_Leptoglossus__Leptoglossus  leaf-footed bugs
                 member:  #leaf-footed_bug__leaf-foot_bug  large sap-sucking bug with leaflike expansions on the legs
           member:  #family_Cimicidae__Cimicidae  wingless flat-bodied blood-sucking insects
              member:  #genus_Cimex__Cimex  type genus of the Cimicidae: bedbugs
                 member:  #bedbug__bed_bug__bedbug__chinch__Cimex_lectularius  bug of temperate regions that infests especially beds and feeds on human blood
           member:  #family_Notonectidae__Notonectidae  aquatic carnivorous insects
              member:  #genus_Notonecta__Notonecta  type genus of the Notonectidae: backswimmers
                 member:  #backswimmer__Notonecta_undulata  predaceous aquatic insect that swims on its back and may inflict painful bites
           member:  #suborder_Heteroptera__Heteroptera  true bugs
              member:  #heteropterous_insect__heteropterousinsect  true bugs: insects whose forewings are membranous but have leathery tips
              member:  #family_Belostomatidae__Belostomatidae  water bugs
                 member:  #giant_water_bug  large water bug with piercing and sucking mouthparts; feeds on young fishes
              member:  #family_Nepidae__Nepidae  water scorpions
                 member:  #water_scorpion__waterscorpion  long-legged aquatic insect having the front legs fitted for seizing and holding prey and the abdomen extended by a long breathing tube
                 member:  #genus_Nepa__Nepa  type genus of the Nepidae: typical elongate-oval water scorpions
                 member:  #genus_Ranatra__Ranatra  elongate very slender water scorpions
              member:  #family_Corixidae__Corixidae  water bugs
                 member:  #genus_Corixa__Corixa  type genus of the Corixidae: boat bugs
                    member:  #water_boatman__waterboatman__boat_bug  carnivorous aquatic bug having paddle-like hind legs
              member:  #family_Gerrididae__Gerrididae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae  an arthropod family that includes water striders
                 member:  #water_strider__waterstrider__pond-skater__water_skater__waterskater  long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water
                 member:  #genus_Gerris__Gerris  type genus of the Gerrididae
                    member:  #common_pond-skater__Gerris_lacustris  a variety of water strider
              member:  #family_Reduviidae__Reduviidae  assassin bugs
                 member:  #assassin_bug__reduviid  a true bug: long-legged predacious bug living mostly on other insects; a few suck blood of mammals
                 member:  #genus_Triatoma__Triatoma  conenoses
                    member:  #conenose_bug__conenose__cone-nosed_bug__big_bedbug__bigbedbug__kissing_bug__kissingbug  large bloodsucking bug
                 member:  #genus_Arilus__Arilus  a genus of Reduviidae
                    member:  #wheel_bug__wheelbug__Arilus_cristatus  large predatory North American bug that sucks the blood of other insects
              member:  #family_Pyrrhocoridae__Pyrrhocoridae  firebugs
                 member:  #firebug  a true bug: brightly colored bug that can exude a stain
                 member:  #genus_Dysdercus__Dysdercus  a genus of slender long-legged bugs that feed on the developing seeds of cotton and stain it
                    member:  #cotton_stainer  a true bug: bug that damages and stains the lint of developing cotton
           member:  #suborder_Homoptera__Homoptera  plant lice (aphids); whiteflies; cicadas; leafhoppers; plant hoppers; scale insects and mealybugs; spittle insects
              member:  #homopterous_insect__homopterousinsect__homopteran  insects having membranous forewings and hind wings
              member:  #family_Aleyrodidae__Aleyrodidae  whiteflies
                 member:  #genus_Aleyrodes__Aleyrodes  type genus of the Aleyrodidae
                    member:  #citrus_whitefly__Dialeurodes_citri  whitefly that attacks citrus trees
                 member:  #whitefly  minute insect that feeds on plant juices; related to scale insects
                 member:  #genus_Dialeurodes__Dialeurodes  a genus of Aleyrodidae
                 member:  #genus_Trialeurodes__Trialeurodes  a genus of Aleyrodidae
                    member:  #greenhouse_whitefly__Trialeurodes_vaporariorum  whitefly that inhabits greenhouses
                 member:  #genus_Bemisia__Bemisia  sweet-potato whitefly
                    member:  #sweet-potato_whitefly  a variety of whitefly
                    member:  #superbug__Bemisia_tabaci__poinsettia_strain  a strain accidentally imported into Florida from the Middle East then spread to California where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias
              member:  #superfamily_Coccoidea__Coccoidea  scale insects and mealybugs
                 member:  #coccid_insect  scale insects and mealybugs
                 member:  #family_Coccidae__Coccidae  scale insects
                    member:  #soft_scale  an insect active in all stages
                    member:  #genus_Coccus  type genus of the Coccidae
                       member:  #brown_soft_scale__Coccus_hesperidum  pest on citrus trees
                 member:  #family_Diaspididae__Diaspididae  armored scales
                    member:  #armored_scale__armoredscale  insect having a firm covering of wax especially in the female
                    member:  #genus_Aspidiotus__Aspidiotus  a genus of Diaspididae
                       member:  #San_Jose_scale__Aspidiotus_perniciosus  small east Asian insect naturalized in the United States that damages fruit trees
                 member:  #family_Dactylopiidae__Dactylopiidae  cochineal insects
                    member:  #genus_Dactylopius__Dactylopius  type genus of the Dactylopiidae
                       member:  #cochineal_insect__cochinealinsect__cochineal__Dactylopius_coccus  Mexican red scale insect that feeds on cacti; the source of a red dye
                 member:  #family_Pseudococcidae__Pseudococcidae  scale-like insects: mealybugs
                    member:  #genus_Pseudococcus__Pseudococcus  type genus of the Pseudococcidae
                       member:  #citrophilous_mealybug__citrophilus_mealybug__citrophilusmealybug__pseudococcusfragili  destructive especially to citrus
                       member:  #Comstock_mealybug__Comstock's_mealybug__Pseudococcus_comstocki  Asiatic insect introduced accidentally into United States; pest on citrus and apple trees
                    member:  #mealybug__mealy_bug__mealybug  scale-like plant-eating insect coated with a powdery waxy secretion; destructive especially of fruit trees
                    member:  #genus_Planococcus__Planococcus  a genus of Pseudococcidae
                       member:  #citrus_mealybug__citrusmealybug__Planococcus_citri  feeds on a wide variety of cultivated plants but especially destructive to citrus
              member:  #superfamily_Aphidoidea__Aphidoidea  plant lice
                 member:  #aphid  any of various small plant-sucking insects
                 member:  #family_Aphididae__Aphididae  small soft-bodied plant lice
                    member:  #genus_Aphis__Aphis  type genus of the Aphididae: injurious to fruit trees and vegetables
                       member:  #green_apple_aphid__greenappleaphid__apple_aphid__appleaphid__Aphis_pomi  bright green aphid; feeds on and causes curling of apple leaves
                       member:  #blackfly__bean_aphid__Aphis_fabae  blackish aphid that infests e.g. beans and sugar beets
                    member:  #genus_Eriosoma__Eriosoma  woolly aphids
                       member:  #woolly_apple_aphid__American_blight__Eriosoma_lanigerum  primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees
                    member:  #genus_Prociphilus__Prociphilus  a genus of Aphididae
                       member:  #woolly_alder_aphid__Prociphilus_tessellatus  attacks alders
                 member:  #family_Adelgidae__Adelgidae  plant lice
                    member:  #genus_Adelges__Adelges  type genus of the Adelgidae: plant lice
                       member:  #balsam_woolly_aphid__Adelges_piceae  a variety of adelgid
                       member:  #spruce_gall_aphid__Adelges_abietis  a variety of adelgid
                    member:  #adelgid  any of various insects that feed and form galls on conifers
                    member:  #genus_Pineus__Pineus  a genus of Adelgidae
                       member:  #pine_leaf_aphid__Pineus_pinifoliae  a variety of adelgid
                 member:  #family_Phylloxeridae__Phylloxeridae  plant lice
                    member:  #genus_Phylloxera__Phylloxera  type genus of the Phylloxeridae: plant lice
                       member:  #grape_louse__grapelouse__grape_phylloxera__grapephylloxera__Phylloxera_vitifoleae  destructive to various grape plants
              member:  #family_Psyllidae__Psyllidae__Chermidae__family_Chermidae  jumping plant lice
                 member:  #jumping_plant_louse__psylla__psyllid  small active cicada-like insect with hind legs adapted for leaping; feeds on plant juices
              member:  #family_Cicadidae__Cicadidae  cicadas
                 member:  #genus_Cicada  type genus of the Cicadidae: cicadas
                 member:  #cicada__cicala  stout-bodied insect with large membranous wings; male has drum-like organs for producing a high-pitched drone
                 member:  #genus_Tibicen__Tibicen  harvest flies
                    member:  #dog-day_cicada__dogdaycicada__harvest_fly__harvestfly  its distinctive song is heard during July and August
                 member:  #genus_Magicicada__Magicicada  seventeen-year locust
                    member:  #seventeen-year_locust__periodical_cicada__Magicicada_septendecim  North American cicada; appears in great numbers at infrequent intervals because the nymphs take 13' to 17' years to mature
              member:  #family_Cercopidae__Cercopidae  froghoppers or spittlebugs
                 member:  #spittle_insect__spittleinsect__spittlebug  small leaping herbivorous insect that lives in a mass of protective froth which it and its larvae secrete
                 member:  #genus_Philaenus__Philaenus  a genus of Cercopidae
                    member:  #meadow_spittlebug__Philaenus_spumarius  North American insect that severely damages grasses
                 member:  #genus_Aphrophora__Aphrophora  a genus of Cercopidae
                    member:  #pine_spittlebug  North American insect that attacks pines
                    member:  #Saratoga_spittlebug__Aphrophora_saratogensis  feeds on pines in northern United States
              member:  #family_Cicadellidae__Cicadellidae  leafhoppers
                 member:  #leafhopper  small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants
              member:  #family_Jassidae__Jassidae  family of small leafhoppers coextensive with the Cicadellidae and not distinguished from it in some classifications
                 member:  #leafhopper  small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants
              member:  #family_Membracidae__Membracidae  plant hoppers: treehoppers
                 member:  #treehopper  small leaping insect that sucks juices of branches and twigs
              member:  #family_Fulgoridae__Fulgoridae  plant hoppers: lantern flies
                 member:  #lantern_fly__lanternfly  large brightly marked tropical insect with a process like a snout that was formerly thought to emit light
        member:  #order_Psocoptera__Psocoptera__Corrodentia__order_Corrodentia  an order of insects: includes booklice and barklice
           member:  #psocopterous_insect  small soft-bodied insect with chewing mouthparts and either no wings or two pairs
           member:  #family_Psocidae__Psocidae  a family of small soft-bodied insects that feed on decaying vegetation; related to booklice
              member:  #psocid  small winged insect living on the bark and leaves of trees and feeding on e.g. fungi and decaying plant matter
              member:  #genus_Liposcelis__Liposcelis  a genus of Psocidae
                 member:  #booklouse__Liposcelis_divinatorius  minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers
              member:  #genus_Trogium__Trogium  a genus of Psocidae
                 member:  #common_booklouse__Trogium_pulsatorium  a variety of booklouse
           member:  #family_Atropidae__Atropidae  booklice
        member:  #order_Ephemeroptera__Ephemeroptera__Ephemerida__order_Ephemerida  mayflies
           member:  #ephemerid__ephemeropteran  short-lived insect
           member:  #family_Ephemeridae__Ephemeridae  mayflies
              member:  #mayfly__dayfly__shadfly  slender insect with delicate membranous wings having an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage usually lasting less than two days
        member:  #order_Plecoptera__Plecoptera  stoneflies
           member:  #stonefly__stone_fly__stonefly__plecopteran  primitive winged insect with a flattened body; used as bait by fishermen; aquatic gilled larvae are carnivorous and live beneath stones
        member:  #order_Neuroptera__Neuroptera  an order of insects including: lacewings; antlions; dobsonflies; alderflies; fishflies; mantispids; spongeflies
           member:  #neuropteron__neuropteran__neuropterous_insect  insect having biting mouthparts and four large membranous wings with netlike veins
           member:  #family_Myrmeleontidae__Myrmeleontidae  antlions
              member:  #genus_Myrmeleon__Myrmeleon  type genus of the Myrmeleontidae: antlions
                 member:  #antlion_fly__antlionfly__ant_lion__antlion  winged insect resembling a dragonfly; the larvae (doodlebugs) dig conical pits where they wait to catch e.g. ants
                 member:  #ant_lion__antlion__doodlebug  the larva of an ant lion or of any of several other insects
           member:  #family_Chrysopidae__Chrysopidae  green lacewings
              member:  #aphid_lion__aphidlion__aphis_lion__aphislion  carnivorous larva of lacewing flies
              member:  #green_lacewing__greenlacewing__chrysopid__stink_fly__stinkfly  pale green unpleasant-smelling lacewing fly having carnivorous larvae
           member:  #family_Hemerobiidae__Hemerobiidae  brown lacewings
              member:  #aphid_lion__aphidlion__aphis_lion__aphislion  carnivorous larva of lacewing flies
              member:  #brown_lacewing__brownlacewing__hemerobiid__hemerobiid_fly  small dark-colored lacewing fly
           member:  #suborder_Megaloptera__Megaloptera  in some classifications considered a separate order: alderflies; dobsonflies; snake flies
              member:  #family_Corydalidae__Corydalidae  dobsons
                 member:  #genus_Corydalus__Corydalus__Corydalis__genus_Corydalis  type genus of the Corydalidae
                    member:  #dobson_fly__dobson__Corydalus_cornutus  large soft-bodied insect having long slender mandibles in the male; aquatic larvae often used as bait
                    member:  #hellgrammiate__dobson  large brown aquatic larva of the dobsonfly; used as fishing bait
                 member:  #fishfly  similar to but smaller than the dobsonfly
              member:  #family_Sialidae__Sialidae  an arthropod family including: alderflies
                 member:  #genus_Sialis__Sialis  type genus of the Sialidae
                    member:  #alderfly__alder_fly__alderfly__Sialis_lutaria  dark-colored insect having predaceous aquatic larvae
              member:  #family_Raphidiidae__Raphidiidae  a family of arthropods of the suborder Megaloptera, including snakeflies
                 member:  #snakefly  predatory insect of western North America having a long necklike prothorax
           member:  #family_Mantispidae__Mantispidae  mantispids
              member:  #mantispid  insect that resembles a mantis; larvae are parasites in the nests of spiders and wasps
           member:  #family_Sisyridae__Sisyridae  an arthropod family of the order Neuroptera that includes spongeflies
              member:  #spongefly__spongillafly  hairy-bodied insect whose larvae feed on freshwater sponges
        member:  #order_Odonata__Odonata  dragonflies and damselflies
           member:  #odonate  large primitive predatory aquatic insect having two pairs of membranous wings
           member:  #suborder_Anisoptera__Anisoptera  dragonflies
           member:  #suborder_Zygoptera__Zygoptera  damselflies
        member:  #order_Trichoptera__Trichoptera  an order of insects consisting of caddis flies
           member:  #trichopterous_insect__trichopterousinsect__trichopteran__trichopteron  caddis fly
           member:  #caddisworm__strawworm  caddisfly larva; constructs a case of silk covered with sand or plant debris
        member:  #order_Thysanura__Thysanura  firebrats; silverfish; machilids
           member:  #thysanuran_insect__thysanuron  primitive wingless insects: bristletail
           member:  #family_Lepismatidae__Lepismatidae  firebrats
              member:  #genus_Lepisma__Lepisma  type genus of the Lepismatidae: silverfish
                 member:  #Lepisma_saccharina__silverfish  silver-gray wingless insect found in houses feeding on book bindings and starched clothing
              member:  #genus_Thermobia__Thermobia  a genus of Lepismatidae
                 member:  #firebrat__Thermobia_domestica  lives in warm moist areas e.g. around furnaces
           member:  #family_Machilidae__Machilidae  jumping bristletails
              member:  #jumping_bristletail__jumpingbristletail__machilid  wingless insect living in dark moist places as under dead tree trunks; they make erratic leaps when disturbed
        member:  #order_Thysanoptera__Thysanoptera  thrips
           member:  #thysanopter__thysanopteron__thysanopterous_insect  an insect of the order Thysanoptera
           member:  #family_Thripidae__Thripidae  thrips
              member:  #thrips__thripid  any of various small to minute sucking insects with narrow feathery wings if any; they feed on plant sap and many are destructive
              member:  #genus_Frankliniella__Frankliniella  tobacco thrips
                 member:  #tobacco_thrips__Frankliniella_fusca  injurious to growing tobacco and peanuts
              member:  #genus_Thrips  type genus of the Thripidae
                 member:  #onion_thrips__onion_louse__onionlouse__Thrips_tobaci  injurious to onion plants and sometimes tobacco
        member:  #order_Dermaptera__Dermaptera  earwigs and a few related forms
           member:  #earwig  any of numerous insects of the order Dermaptera having elongate bodies and slender many-jointed antennae and a pair of large pincers at the rear of the abdomen
           member:  #family_Forficulidae__Forficulidae  typical earwigs
              member:  #genus_Forficula__Forficula  type genus of Forficulidae
                 member:  #common_European_earwig__Forficula_auricularia  sometimes destructive to cultivated bulbs
        member:  #order_Lepidoptera__Lepidoptera  moths and butterflies
           member:  #lepidopterous_insect__lepidopterousinsect__lepidopteron__lepidopteran  insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales
           member:  #family_Nymphalidae__Nymphalidae  large beautifully colored butterflies
              member:  #nymphalid_butterfly__nymphalid__brush-footed_butterfly__four-footed_butterfly  medium to large butterflies found worldwide typically having brightly colored wings and much-reduced nonfunctional forelegs carried folded on the breast
              member:  #genus_Nymphalis__Nymphalis  type genus of the Nymphalidae: mourning cloak butterflies
                 member:  #mourning_cloak_butterfly__mourning_cloak__Camberwell_beauty__Nymphalis_antiopa  of temperate regions; having dark purple wings with yellow borders
                 member:  #tortoiseshell_butterfly__tortoiseshell  brilliantly colored; larvae feed on nettles
              member:  #genus_Vanessa__Vanessa  painted beauty and red admiral
                 member:  #painted_beauty__paintedbeauty__Vanessa_virginiensis  American butterfly having dark brown wings with white and golden orange spots
                 member:  #red_admiral__redadmiral__Vanessa_atalanta  of temperate Europe and Asia; having black wings with red and white markings
              member:  #genus_Limenitis__Limenitis  mainly dark northern butterflies with white wing bars
                 member:  #white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_camilla  Eurasian butterfly with brown wings and white markings
                 member:  #banded_purple__white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_arthemis  North American butterfly with blue-black wings crossed by a broad white band
                 member:  #red-spotted_purple__redspottedpurple__Limenitis_astyanax  similar to the banded purple but with red spots on underwing surfaces
                 member:  #Limenitis_archippus__viceroy  showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller
              member:  #genus_Polygonia__Polygonia  comma butterflies
                 member:  #comma_butterfly__commabutterfly__comma__Polygonia_comma  anglewing butterfly with a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing
              member:  #genus_Spyeria__Spyeria  fritillaries
                 member:  #silverspot  butterfly with silver spots on the underside of the hind wings
              member:  #genus_Argynnis__Argynnis  fritillaries
              member:  #genus_Apatura__Apatura  large Old World butterflies
                 member:  #emperor_butterfly__emperorbutterfly__emperor  large richly colored butterfly
              member:  #genus_Inachis__Inachis  a genus of Nymphalidae
                 member:  #peacock_butterfly__peacockbutterfly__peacock__Inachis_io  European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot
           member:  #family_Danaidae__Danaidae  small family of usually tropical butterflies: monarch butterflies
              member:  #danaid_butterfly__danaid  large tropical butterfly with degenerate forelegs and an unpleasant taste
              member:  #genus_Danaus__Danaus  type genus of the Danaidae: monarch butterflies
                 member:  #monarch_butterfly__monarchbutterfly__monarch__milkweed_butterfly__Danaus_plexippus  large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed
           member:  #family_Pieridae__Pieridae  cabbage butterflies; sulphur butterflies
              member:  #pierid_butterfly__pierid  any of numerous pale-colored butterflies having three pairs of well-developed legs
              member:  #cabbage_butterfly__cabbagebutterfly  white butterfly whose larvae (cabbageworms) feed on cabbage
              member:  #genus_Pieris__Pieris  type genus of the Pieridae
                 member:  #small_white__Pieris_rapae  small widely distributed form
                 member:  #large_white__Pieris_brassicae  Old World form
                 member:  #cabbageworm__pierisrapae  toxic green larva of a cabbage butterfly
              member:  #sulphur_butterfly__sulphurbutterfly__sulfur_butterfly  any of numerous yellow or orange butterflies
           member:  #family_Lycaenidae__Lycaenidae  family of small usually brilliantly colored butterflies; males have short forelegs
              member:  #lycaenid_butterfly__lycaenid  any of various butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
              member:  #genus_Lycaena__Lycaena  type genus of the Lycaenidae; small slender butterflies with upper surface of wings usually metallic blue or green or copper
                 member:  #blue_butterfly__blue  any of numerous small chiefly blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
                 member:  #copper  any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having copper colored wings
                 member:  #American_copper__Lycaena_hypophlaeas  common copper butterfly of central and eastern North America
              member:  #genus_Strymon__Strymon  large and widely distributed genus of hairstreak butterflies
                 member:  #hairstreak_butterfly__hairstreak  small butterflies having striped markings under the wings
                 member:  #Strymon_melinus  larvae are pests of various economic plants
           member:  #family_Tortricidae__Tortricidae  leaf rollers and codling moths
              member:  #tortricid_moth__tortricidmoth__tortricid  any of numerous small moths having lightly fringed wings; larvae are leafrollers or live in fruits and galls
              member:  #genus_Tortrix  type genus of the Tortricidae
                 member:  #tea_tortrix__teatortrix__tortrix__Homona_coffearia  small Indian moth infesting e.g. tea and coffee plants
                 member:  #orange_tortrix__tortrix__Argyrotaenia_citrana  California moth whose larvae live in especially oranges
              member:  #genus_Homona__Homona  tea tortrix
              member:  #genus_Argyrotaenia__Argyrotaenia  orange tortrix
              member:  #genus_Carpocapsa__Carpocapsa  codling moths
                 member:  #codling_moth__codlingmoth__Carpocapsa_pomonella  small moth whose larvae live in apples and English walnuts
           member:  #family_Lymantriidae__Lymantriidae  tussock moths
              member:  #lymantriid__tussock_moth__tussockmoth  dull-colored moth whose larvae have tufts of hair on the body and feed on the leaves of many deciduous trees
              member:  #tussock_caterpillar__tussockcaterpillar  larva of a tussock moth
              member:  #genus_Lymantria__Lymantria  type genus of the Lymantriidae; a pest (Lymantria means `destroyer')
                 member:  #gypsy_moth__gypsymoth__gipsy_moth__gipsymoth__Lymantria_dispar  European moth introduced into North America; a serious pest of shade trees
              member:  #genus_Euproctis__Euproctis  a genus of Lymantriidae
                 member:  #browntail__brown-tail_moth__Euproctis_phaeorrhoea  small brown and white European moth introduced into eastern United States; pest of various shade and fruit trees
                 member:  #gold-tail_moth__Euproctis_chrysorrhoea  white furry-bodied European moth with a yellow tail tuft
           member:  #family_Geometridae__Geometridae  measuring worms
              member:  #geometrid_moth__geometridmoth__geometrid  slender-bodied broad-winged moth whose larvae are called measuring worms
              member:  #genus_Paleacrita__Paleacrita  geometrid moths
                 member:  #Paleacrita_vernata  moth whose larvae are spring cankerworms
                 member:  #spring_cankerworm  variably colored looper; larva of Paleacrita vernata
              member:  #genus_Alsophila__Alsophila  geometrid moths
                 member:  #Alsophila_pometaria  North American moth with gray-winged males and wingless females; larvae are fall cankerworms
                 member:  #fall_cankerworm  green or brown white-striped looper; larva of Alsophila pometaria
              member:  #cankerworm  green caterpillar of a geometrid moth; pest of various fruit and shade trees
           member:  #family_Pyralidae__Pyralidae__Pyralididae__family_Pyralididae  bee moths; corn borers; flour moths
              member:  #pyralid_moth__pyralidmoth__pyralid  usually tropical slender-bodied long-legged moth whose larvae are crop pests
              member:  #genus_Pyralis__Pyralis  type genus of the Pyralidae
              member:  #genus_Galleria__Galleria  a genus of Pyralidae
                 member:  #bee_moth__beemoth__wax_moth__waxmoth__Galleria_mellonella  moth whose larvae live in and feed on bee honeycombs
              member:  #genus_Pyrausta__Pyrausta  moths whose larvae are corn borers
                 member:  #European_corn_borer__corn_borer__corn_borer_moth__Pyrausta_nubilalis  native to Europe; in America the larvae bore into the stem and crown of corn and other plants
              member:  #genus_Anagasta__Anagasta  moth whose larvae are flour moths
                 member:  #Mediterranean_flour_moth__Anagasta_kuehniella  small moth whose larvae damage stored grain and flour
              member:  #genus_Ephestia__Ephestia  small moths whose larvae spin silken tunnels and feed on stored food products
                 member:  #tobacco_moth__tobaccomoth__cacao_moth__cacaomoth__Ephestia_elutella  small moth whose larvae feed on tobacco and other dried plant products
              member:  #genus_Cadra__Cadra  a genus of Pyralidae
                 member:  #almond_moth__fig_moth__figmoth__Cadra_cautella  moth whose larvae feed on and mat together with webbing various stored foods
                 member:  #raisin_moth__Cadra_figulilella  moth whose larvae attack dried fruits and cereal products
              member:  #corn_borer__Pyrausta_nubilalis  larva of the European corn borer moth; a serious pest of maize
           member:  #superfamily_Tineoidea__Tineoidea  clothes moths; carpet moths; leaf miners
              member:  #tineoid_moth__tineoidmoth  small dull-colored moth with chewing mouthparts
              member:  #family_Tineidae__Tineidae  clothes moths
                 member:  #tineid_moth__tineid  small yellowish moths whose larvae feed on wool or fur
                 member:  #genus_Tinea__Tinea  type genus of the Tineidae: clothes moths
                    member:  #casemaking_clothes_moth__Tinea_pellionella  the larvae live in tubes of its food material fastened with silk that it spins
                 member:  #genus_Tineola__Tineola  webbing clothes moths
                    member:  #webbing_clothes_moth__webbingclothesmoth__webbing_moth__webbingmoth__Tineola_bisselliella  moth that forms a web in which it lives
                 member:  #genus_Trichophaga__Trichophaga  carpet moths
                    member:  #carpet_moth__tapestry_moth__Trichophaga_tapetzella  larvae feed on carpets and other woolens
              member:  #family_Gracilariidae__Gracilariidae__Gracillariidae  leaf miners
           member:  #family_Gelechiidae__Gelechiidae  important economic pests
              member:  #gelechiid_moth__gelechiidmoth__gelechiid  small slender-winged moths whose larvae are agricultural pests
              member:  #genus_Gelechia__Gelechia  type genus of the Gelechiidae: pink bollworms
                 member:  #Gelechia_gossypiella  small brown moth whose larvae bore into flowers and bolls of cotton
              member:  #genus_Sitotroga__Sitotroga  grain moths
                 member:  #angoumois_moth__angoumoismoth__angoumois_grain_moth__angoumoisgrainmoth__Sitotroga_cerealella  small moth whose larvae feed on kernels of stored grains
              member:  #genus_Phthorimaea__Phthorimaea  potato moths
                 member:  #potato_tuberworm__Phthorimaea_operculella  larva of potato moth; mines in leaves and stems of e.g. potatoes and tobacco
              member:  #pink_bollworm__Gelechia_gossypiella  larvae of a gelechiid moth introduced from Asia; feeds on the seeds of cotton bolls
           member:  #family_Noctuidae__Noctuidae  cutworms; armyworms
              member:  #noctuid_moth__noctuidmoth__noctuid__owlet_moth__owletmoth  usually dull-colored medium-sized nocturnal moth; the usually smooth-bodied larvae are destructive agricultural pests
              member:  #cutworm  North American moth whose larvae feed on young plant stems cutting them off at the ground
              member:  #genus_Noctua__Noctua  type genus of the Noctuidae: moths whose larvae are cutworms
              member:  #genus_Catacala__Catacala  moths whose larvae are cutworms: underwings
                 member:  #underwing  moth having dull forewings and brightly colored hind wings
              member:  #genus_Cerapteryx__Cerapteryx  antler moths
                 member:  #antler_moth__Cerapteryx_graminis  European moth with white antler-like markings on the forewings; the larvae damage pastures and grasslands
              member:  #genus_Heliothis__Heliothis  a genus of Noctuidae
                 member:  #heliothis_moth__heliothismoth__Heliothis_zia  medium-sized moth whose larvae are corn earworms
              member:  #genus_Chorizagrotis__Chorizagrotis  moths whose larvae are army cutworms
                 member:  #army_cutworm__Chorizagrotis_auxiliaris  moth whose larvae destroy grains and forage plants
                 member:  #Chorizagrotis_auxiliaris__army_cutworm  noctuid moth larvae that travel in large groups and destroy grains and alfalfa in the Plains states
              member:  #genus_Pseudaletia__Pseudaletia  moths whose larvae are armyworms
                 member:  #Pseudaletia_unipuncta__armyworm  moth whose destructive larvae travel in multitudes
                 member:  #army_worm__Pseudaletia_unipuncta  noctuid moth larvae that travel in multitudes destroying especially grass and grain
              member:  #genus_Spodoptera__Spodoptera  moths whose larvae are armyworms
                 member:  #Spodoptera_exigua  moth whose larvae are beet armyworms
                 member:  #beet_armyworm__Spodoptera_exigua  moth larva that eats foliage of beets and vegetables
                 member:  #Spodoptera_frugiperda  moth whose larvae are fall armyworms
              member:  #corn_earworm__cotton_bollworm__tomato_fruitworm__tobacco_budworm__tobaccobudworm__vetchworm__heliothiszia  larva of a noctuid moth; highly destructive to especially corn and cotton and tomato crops
           member:  #family_Sphingidae__Sphingidae  hawkmoths
              member:  #hawkmoth__hawk_moth__sphingid__sphinx_moth__hummingbird_moth__hummingbirdmoth  any of various moths with long narrow forewings capable of powerful flight and hovering over flowers to feed
              member:  #genus_Manduca__Manduca  moths whose larvae are tobacco hornworms or tomato hornworms
                 member:  #Manduca_sexta  moth whose larvae are tobacco hornworms
                 member:  #tobacco_hornworm__tobaccohornworm__tomato_worm__Manduca_sexta  large green white-striped hawkmoth larva that feeds on tobacco and related plants; similar to tomato hornworm
                 member:  #Manduca_quinquemaculata  moth whose larvae are tomato hornworms
              member:  #genus_Acherontia__Acherontia  death's-head moth
                 member:  #death's-head_moth__Acherontia_atropos  European hawkmoth with markings on the back resembling a human skull
           member:  #family_Bombycidae__Bombycidae  Chinese silkworm moth
              member:  #bombycid_moth__bombycid__silkworm_moth  moderate-sized Asiatic moth whose larvae feed on mulberry leaves and produce silk
              member:  #genus_Bombyx__Bombyx  type genus of the Bombycidae: Chinese silkworm moth
                 member:  #domestic_silkworm_moth__Bombyx_mori  stocky creamy-white Asiatic moth found almost entirely under human care; the source of most of the silk of commerce
                 member:  #silkworm  hairless white caterpillar of the Chinese silkworm moth; source of most commercial silk
           member:  #family_Saturniidae__Saturniidae  important and widely distributed family of moths including some of the largest insects known
              member:  #saturniid_moth__saturniidmoth__saturniid  large brightly colored and usually tropical moth; larvae spin silken cocoons
              member:  #genus_Saturnia__Saturnia  type genus of the Saturniidae: emperor moth
                 member:  #emperor_moth__emperormoth__emperor__Saturnia_pavonia  large moth of temperate forests of Eurasia having heavily scaled transparent wings
              member:  #genus_Eacles__Eacles  imperial moths
                 member:  #imperial_moth__Eacles_imperialis  large American moth having yellow wings with purplish or brownish markings; larvae feed on e.g. maple and pine trees
              member:  #giant_silkworm__giantsilkworm__silkworm__wild_wilkworm  larva of a saturniid moth; spins a large amount of strong silk in constructing its cocoon
              member:  #genus_Actias__Actias  luna moths
                 member:  #luna_moth__Luna_moth__Actias_luna  large pale-green American moth with long-tailed hind wings and a yellow crescent-shaped mark on each fore wing
              member:  #genus_Hyalophora__Hyalophora  American silkworm moth
              member:  #genus_Samia__Samia  silkworm moths
                 member:  #cynthia_moth__cynthiamoth__Samia_cynthia__Samia_walkeri  large Asiatic moth introduced into the United States; larvae feed on the ailanthus
                 member:  #ailanthus_silkworm__ailanthussilkworm__Samia_cynthia  large green silkworm of the cynthia moth
              member:  #genus_Automeris__Automeris  io moth
                 member:  #io_moth__Automeris_io  large yellow American moth having a large eyelike spot on each hind wing; the larvae have stinging spines
              member:  #genus_Antheraea__Antheraea  large moths whose larvae produce silk of high quality
                 member:  #polyphemus_moth__Antheraea_polyphemus  very large yellowish-brown American silkworm moth with large eyespots on hind wings; larvae feed on fruit and shade trees
                 member:  #pernyi_moth__Antheraea_pernyi  a Chinese moth that produces a brownish silk
                 member:  #tussah__tusseh__tussur__tussore__tusser__Antheraea_mylitta  oriental moth that produces brownish silk
              member:  #genus_Atticus__Atticus  atlas moth
                 member:  #atlas_moth__atlasmoth__Atticus_atlas  giant saturniid moth widespread in Asia; sometimes cultured for silk
           member:  #family_Arctiidae__Arctiidae  tiger moths
              member:  #arctiid_moth__arctiidmoth__arctiid  stout-bodied broad-winged moth with conspicuously striped or spotted wings; larvae are hairy caterpillars
              member:  #genus_Callimorpha__Callimorpha  cinnabar moths
                 member:  #cinnabar_moth__cinnabar__Callimorpha_jacobeae  large red-and-black European moth; larvae feed on leaves of ragwort; introduced into United States to control ragwort
              member:  #woolly_bear_moth  larva of moth of the family Arctiidae
           member:  #family_Lasiocampidae__Lasiocampidae  tent caterpillars; eggars; lappet moths
              member:  #lasiocampid_moth__lasiocampidmoth__lasiocampid  medium-sized stout-bodied neutral-colored moths comb-like antennae
              member:  #genus_Lasiocampa__Lasiocampa  type genus of the Lasiocampidae: eggars
                 member:  #eggar__egger  moth having nonfunctional mouthparts as adults; larvae feed on tree foliage and spin egg-shaped cocoons
              member:  #genus_Malacosoma__Malacosoma  tent caterpillars
                 member:  #Malacosoma_americana__tent-caterpillar_moth  moth whose larvae are tent caterpillars
                 member:  #tent_caterpillar  the larvae of moths that build communal silken webs in orchard and shade trees
                 member:  #tent-caterpillar_moth__Malacosoma_disstria  moth whose gregarious larvae spin carpets
              member:  #lappet_caterpillar  larva of a lappet moth
              member:  #webworm  several gregarious moth larvae that spin webs over foliage on which they feed
              member:  #genus_Hyphantria__Hyphantria  fall webworms
                 member:  #Hyphantria_cunea  moth whose larvae are fall webworms
                 member:  #fall_webworm__Hyphantria_cunea  a variety of webworm
              member:  #genus_Loxostege__Loxostege  garden webworms
                 member:  #Loxostege_similalis  moth whose larvae are garden webworms
                 member:  #garden_webworm__Loxostege_similalis  a variety of webworm
           member:  #caterpillar  a wormlike and often brightly colored and hairy or spiny larva of a butterfly or moth
     member:  #insect  small air-breathing arthropod
  member:  #subkingdom_Parazoa__Parazoa  multicellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa; comprises the single phylum Porifera
     member:  #phylum_Porifera__Porifera  coextensive with the subkingdom Parazoa: sponges
        member:  #poriferan__sponge__parazoan  primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies
        member:  #sponge_genus  a genus of Porifera
        member:  #class_Hyalospongiae__Hyalospongiae  sponges with 6-rayed siliceous spicules; choanocytes are restricted to finger-shaped chambers
           member:  #glass_sponge__glasssponge  a siliceous sponge (with glassy spicules) of the class Hyalospongiae
           member:  #genus_Euplectella__Euplectella  a genus of Hyalospongiae
              member:  #Venus's_flower_basket  deep-water marine sponge having a cylindrical skeleton of intricate glassy latticework; East Indian and East Asian coast
  member:  #coelenterate_family  a family of coelenterates
  member:  #coelenterate_genus  a genus of coelenterates
  member:  #subkingdom_Metazoa__Metazoa  multicellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity and nervous system
     member:  #metazoan  any animal of the subkingdom Metazoa; all animals except protozoans and sponges
     member:  #phylum_Cnidaria__Cnidaria__Coelenterata__phylum_Coelenterata  hydras; polyps; jellyfishes; sea anemones; corals
        member:  #coelenterate__cnidarian  radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures; they occur in polyp and medusa forms
        member:  #polyp  one of two forms that coelenterates take e.g. a hydra or coral: usually sedentary and has a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth
        member:  #medusa  one of two forms that coelenterates take: is the free-swimming sexual stage in the life cycle of a coelenterate and has a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles
        member:  #class_Scyphozoa__Scyphozoa  coelenterates in which the polyp stage is absent or at least inconspicuous: jellyfishes
           member:  #scyphozoan  any of various usually free-swimming marine coelenterates having a gelatinous medusoid stage as the dominant phase of its life cycle
           member:  #genus_Chrysaora__Chrysaora  a genus of Scyphozoa
              member:  #Chrysaora_quinquecirrha  a type of jellyfish
        member:  #jellyfish__medusa__medusan  any of numerous usually marine and free-swimming coelenterates that constitute the sexually reproductive forms of hydrozoans and scyphozoans
        member:  #class_Hydrozoa__Hydrozoa  coelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes
           member:  #hydrozoan__hydroid  colonial coelenterates having the polyp phase dominant
           member:  #genus_Hydra  hydras
              member:  #hydra  small tubular solitary freshwater hydrozoan polyp
           member:  #order_Siphonophora__Siphonophora  marine colonial hydrozoans
              member:  #siphonophore  a floating or swimming oceanic colony of polyps often transparent or showily colored
              member:  #genus_Nanomia  a genus of Siphonophora
                 member:  #nanomia  small creatures resembling pieces of fuzzy rope; each with a cluster of swimming bells serving as the head and long elastic tentacles for drawing in prey
              member:  #genus_Physalia__Physalia  Portuguese man-of-war
                 member:  #Portuguese_man-of-war__man-of-war__jellyfish  large siphonophore having a bladderlike float and stinging tentacles
           member:  #genus_Sertularia__Sertularia  sessile hydroid that forms feathery colonies
              member:  #sertularian  feathery colony of long-branched stems bearing stalkless paired polyps
        member:  #class_Anthozoa__Anthozoa__Actinozoa__class_Actinozoa  no alternation of generations the medusoid phase being entirely suppressed: sea anemones; corals
           member:  #anthozoan__actinozoan  sessile marine coelenterates including solitary and colonial polyps; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed
           member:  #order_Actiniaria__Actiniaria__Actinaria__order_Actinaria  sea anemones
              member:  #sea_anemone__seaanemone  marine polyps that resemble flowers but have oral rings of tentacles; differ from corals in forming no hard skeleton
              member:  #actinia__actinian__actiniarian  any sea anemone or related animal
              member:  #genus_Actinia__Actinia  a genus of sea anemone common in rock pools
           member:  #order_Alcyonaria__Alcyonaria  corals and sea anemones having eight branches
              member:  #suborder_Alcyonacea__Alcyonacea  comprising the soft corals
              member:  #family_Pennatulidae__Pennatulidae  sea pens
                 member:  #genus_Pennatula__Pennatula  type genus of the family Pennatulidae: sea pens
                    member:  #sea_pen__seapen  fleshy featherlike warm-water colonies
              member:  #suborder_Gorgonacea__Gorgonacea__Gorgoniacea__suborder_Gorgoniacea  red corals and sea fans
                 member:  #gorgonian_coral__gorgoniancoral__gorgonian  corals having a horny of calcareous branching skeleton
           member:  #order_Madreporaria__Madreporaria  stony corals
              member:  #stony_coral__stonycoral__madrepore__madriporian_coral__madriporiancoral  corals having calcareous skeletons aggregations of which form reefs and islands
              member:  #genus_Maeandra__Maeandra  brain corals
                 member:  #brain_coral__braincoral  massive reef-building coral having a convoluted and furrowed surface
              member:  #genus_Acropora__Acropora  coelenterate genus of order Madreporaria, including staghorn corals
                 member:  #staghorn_coral__stag's-horn_coral  large branching coral resembling antlers
              member:  #genus_Fungia__Fungia  mushroom corals
  member:  #ctenophore_family  a family of ctenophores
  member:  #ctenophore_genus  a genus of ctenophores
  member:  #phylum_Ctenophora__Ctenophora  comb jellies; sea acorns; a small phylum formerly considered a class of Coelenterata
     member:  #ctenophore__comb_jelly  biradially symmetrical hermaphroditic solitary marine animals resembling jellyfishes having for locomotion eight rows of cilia arranged like teeth in a comb
     member:  #class_Nuda__Nuda  ctenophores lacking tentacles; comprises one genus: Beroe
        member:  #genus_Beroe  coextensive with the class Nuda
           member:  #beroe  delicately iridescent thimble-shaped ctenophores
     member:  #class_Tentaculata__Tentaculata  ctenophores have retractile tentacles
        member:  #order_Cydippida__Cydippida__Cydippidea__order_Cydippidea__Cydippea__order_Cydippea  ctenophores having two long pinnate tentacles
        member:  #order_Platyctenea__Platyctenea  an order of Tentaculata
           member:  #platyctenean  ctenophore have long tentacles and flattened body
        member:  #order_Cestida__Cestida  ctenophore having short tentacles; one family
           member:  #family_Cestidae__Cestidae  coextensive with the order Cestida; ctenophores having a greatly flattened and elongated body
              member:  #genus_Cestum__Cestum  Venus's girdle
                 member:  #Venus's_girdle__Cestum_veneris  ctenophore having a ribbon-shaped iridescent gelatinous body
        member:  #order_Lobata__Lobata  ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes
     member:  #family_Pleurobrachiidae__Pleurobrachiidae  sea gooseberries
     member:  #genus_Pleurobrachia__Pleurobrachia  sea gooseberries
        member:  #sea_gooseberry__seagooseberry  ctenophore having a rounded body with longitudinal rows of cilia
  member:  #worm_family  a family of worms
  member:  #worm_genus  a genus of worms
  member:  #phylum_Acanthocephala__Acanthocephala  phylum or class of elongated wormlike parasites that live in the intestines of vertebrates: spiny-headed worms
     member:  #acanthocephalan__spiny-headed_worm  any of various worms living parasitically in intestines of vertebrates having a retractile proboscis covered with many hooked spines
  member:  #phylum_Chaetognatha__Chaetognatha  arrowworms: a group of small active transparent marine worms
     member:  #arrowworm__chaetognath  any worm of the Chaetognatha; transparent marine worm with horizontal lateral and caudal fins and a row of movable curved spines at each side of the mouth
     member:  #genus_Sagitta  chief genus of Chaetognatha including the largest arrowworms
        member:  #sagitta  any arrowworm of the genus Sagitta
     member:  #genus_Spadella  marine worms resembling the sagittas but with a broader body and only one pair of lateral fins
  member:  #phylum_Platyhelminthes__Platyhelminthes  flatworms
     member:  #bladder_worm__bladderworm  encysted saclike larva of the tapeworm
     member:  #flatworm__platyhelminth  parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body
     member:  #class_Turbellaria__Turbellaria  free-living flatworms
        member:  #planarian__planaria  free-swimming mostly freshwater flatworms; popular in laboratory studies for the ability to regenerate lost parts
     member:  #class_Trematoda__Trematoda  parasitic flatworms (including flukes)
        member:  #helminth__parasitic_worm__parasiticworm  worm that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes
        member:  #trematode__trematode_worm__trematodeworm  parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host
        member:  #cercaria  tadpole-shaped parasitic larva of a trematode worm; tail disappears in adult stage
        member:  #family_Fasciolidae__Fasciolidae  a family of Trematoda
           member:  #genus_Fasciola__Fasciola  a genus of Fasciolidae
              member:  #liver_fluke__liverfluke__Fasciola_hepatica  flatworm parasitic in liver and bile ducts of domestic animals and humans
           member:  #genus_Fasciolopsis__Fasciolopsis  a genus of Fasciolidae
              member:  #Fasciolopsis_buski  fluke that is parasitic on humans and swine; common in eastern Asia
        member:  #family_Schistosomatidae__Schistosomatidae  a family of Trematoda
           member:  #genus_Schistosoma__Schistosoma  type genus of the family Schistosomatidae: blood flukes
              member:  #schistosome__blood_fluke__bloodfluke  flatworms parasitic in the blood vessels of mammals
     member:  #class_Cestoda__Cestoda  tapeworms
        member:  #helminth__parasitic_worm__parasiticworm  worm that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes
        member:  #tapeworm__cestode  ribbon-like flatworms that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and other vertebrates
        member:  #family_Taeniidae__Taeniidae  a family of Cestoda
           member:  #genus_Echinococcus  tapeworms
              member:  #echinococcus  tapeworms whose larvae are parasitic in humans and domestic animals
           member:  #genus_Taenia  type genus of the family Taeniidae: tapeworms
              member:  #taenia  tapeworms parasitic in humans which uses the pig as its intermediate host
  member:  #phylum_Nemertea__Nemertea__Nemertina__phylum_Nemertina  proboscis worms
     member:  #ribbon_worm__nemertean__nemertine__proboscis_worm__proboscisworm  soft unsegmented marine worms having a threadlike proboscis and the ability to stretch and contract
  member:  #phylum_Pogonophora__Pogonophora  beard worms
     member:  #beard_worm__beardworm__pogonophoran  slender animal with tentacles and a tubelike outer covering; lives on the deep ocean bottom
  member:  #phylum_Rotifera__Rotifera  a phylum including: rotifers
     member:  #rotifer  minute aquatic multicellular organisms having a ciliated wheel-like organ for feeding and locomotion; constituents of freshwater plankton
  member:  #phylum_Nematoda__Nematoda__Aschelminthes__phylum_Aschelminthes  unsegmented worms: roundworms; threadworms; eelworms
     member:  #helminth__parasitic_worm__parasiticworm  worm that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes
     member:  #class_Aphasmidia__Aphasmidia  one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
     member:  #class_Phasmidia__Phasmidia  one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
     member:  #nematode_worm__nematode__roundworm  unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic
     member:  #family_Ascaridae__Ascaridae  large roundworms parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
        member:  #genus_Ascaris__Ascaris  type genus of the family Ascaridae: roundworms with a three-lipped mouth
           member:  #common_roundworm__Ascaris_lumbricoides  intestinal parasite of humans and pigs
        member:  #genus_Ascaridia__Ascaridia  roundworm having a preanal sucker
           member:  #chicken_roundworm__chickenroundworm__Ascaridia_galli  intestinal parasite of domestic fowl
     member:  #family_Oxyuridae__Oxyuridae  pinworms
        member:  #genus_Enterobius__Enterobius  pinworms
           member:  #pinworm__threadworm__Enterobius_vermicularis  small threadlike worm infesting human intestines and rectum especially in children
     member:  #family_Cephalobidae__Cephalobidae  a family of Nematoda
        member:  #genus_Anguillula__Anguillula__Turbatrix__genus_Turbatrix  a genus of Cephalobidae
           member:  #vinegar_eel__vinegareel__vinegar_worm__vinegarworm__Anguillula_aceti__Turbatrix_aceti  minute eelworm that feeds on organisms that cause fermentation in e.g. vinegar
     member:  #family_Tylenchidae__Tylenchidae  a family of Nematoda
        member:  #genus_Tylenchus__Tylenchus  type genus of the family Tylenchidae
           member:  #wheatworm__wheat_eel__wheateel__wheat_eelworm__wheateelworm__Tylenchus_tritici  small roundworm parasitic on wheat
     member:  #family_Ancylostomatidae__Ancylostomatidae  hookworms
        member:  #hookworm  parasitic blood-sucking roundworms having hooked mouth parts to fasten to the intestinal wall of human and other hosts
     member:  #family_Filariidae__Filariidae  threadlike roundworms
        member:  #filaria  slender threadlike roundworms living in the blood and tissues of vertebrates; transmitted as larvae by biting insects
     member:  #family_Dracunculidae__Dracunculidae  greatly elongated roundworm
        member:  #genus_Dracunculus__Dracunculus  type genus of the family Dracunculidae
           member:  #Guinea_worm__Dracunculus_medinensis  parasitic roundworm of India and Africa that lives beneath the skin of man and other vertebrates
  member:  #phylum_Annelida__Annelida  segmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches
     member:  #annelid_worm__annelidworm__segmented_worm__segmentedworm  worms with cylindrical bodies segmented both internally and externally
     member:  #class_Archiannelida__Archiannelida  a class of Annelida
        member:  #archiannelid  small primitive marine worm lacking external segmentation and resembling polychaete larvae
     member:  #class_Oligochaeta__Oligochaeta  earthworms
        member:  #oligochaete_worm__oligochaeteworm__oligochaete  hermaphroditic terrestrial and aquatic annelids having bristles borne singly along the length of the body
        member:  #earthworm__angleworm__fishworm__fishing_worm__fishingworm__wiggler__nightwalker__nightcrawler__crawler__dew_worm__dewworm__red_worm__redworm  terrestrial worm that burrows into and helps aerate soil; often surfaces when the ground is cool or wet; used as bait by anglers
        member:  #family_Branchiobdellidae__Branchiobdellidae  small annelid worms with the posterior end modified into an adhesive sucker; especially formerly regarded as modified leeches
           member:  #genus_Branchiobdella__Branchiobdella  type genus of the Branchiobdellidae: a small worm that lives on the gills or surface of a crayfish attached by a sucker
     member:  #class_Polychaeta__Polychaeta  marine annelid worms
        member:  #polychaete_worm__polychaete__polychete__polychete_worm__polycheteworm  chiefly marine annelids possessing both sexes and having paired appendages (parapodia) bearing bristles
        member:  #lugworm__lug__lobworm  marine worms having a row of tufted gills along each side of the back; often used for fishing bait
        member:  #family_Terebellidae__Terebellidae  marine burrowing or tube-forming polychete worms usually having long thick bodies
           member:  #genus_Terebella__Terebella  type genus of Terebellidae; tube-forming marine polychete worms with many filamentous tentacles
           member:  #genus_Polycirrus__Polycirrus  genus of soft-bodied polychete marine worms
              member:  #bloodworm  a segmented marine worm with bright red body; often used for bait
     member:  #class_Hirudinea__Hirudinea  hermaphroditic aquatic or terrestrial or parasitic annelids
        member:  #bloodsucker__leech__hirudinean  carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end
        member:  #family_Hirudinidae__Hirudinidae  a family of Hirudinea
           member:  #genus_Hirudo__Hirudo  type genus of the family Hirudinidae
              member:  #medicinal_leech__medicinalleech__Hirudo_medicinalis  large European freshwater leech formerly used for bloodletting
           member:  #genus_Haemopis__Haemopis  leeches
              member:  #horseleech  any of several large freshwater leeches
  member:  #mollusk_family__molluskfamily  a family of mollusks
  member:  #mollusk_genus__molluskgenu  a genus of mollusks
  member:  #phylum_Mollusca__Mollusca  gastropods; bivalves; cephalopods; chitons
     member:  #mollusk__mollusc__shellfish  invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell
     member:  #class_Scaphopoda__Scaphopoda  small class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells
        member:  #scaphopod  burrowing marine mollusk
     member:  #class_Gastropoda__Gastropoda__Gasteropoda__class_Gasteropoda  snails and slugs and their relatives
        member:  #gastropod__univalve  a class of mollusks typically having a one-piece coiled shell and flattened muscular foot with a head bearing stalked eyes
        member:  #family_Haliotidae__Haliotidae  abalones
           member:  #genus_Haliotis__Haliotis  type genus of the family Haliotidae
              member:  #abalone__ear-shell__earshell  any of various large edible marine gastropods of the genus Haliotis having an ear-shaped shell with pearly interior
        member:  #family_Strombidae__Strombidae  conchs
           member:  #genus_Lambis__Lambis  scorpion shells of shallow tropical waters of the eastern hemisphere
              member:  #scorpion_shell  any of numerous tropical marine snails that as adults have the outer lip of the aperture produced into a series of long curved spines
           member:  #genus_Strombus__Strombus  type genus of the family Strombidae
              member:  #conch  any of various edible tropical marine gastropods of the genus Strombus having a brightly-colored spiral shell with large outer lip
        member:  #family_Limacidae__Limacidae  slugs
           member:  #genus_Limax__Limax  a genus of Limacidae
           member:  #slug  any of various terrestrial gastropods having an elongated slimy body and no external shell
        member:  #family_Neritidae__Neritidae  neritids
           member:  #neritid_gastropod__neritidgastropod__neritid  operculate seasnail of coastal waters with a short spiral shell
           member:  #genus_Nerita  type genus of the Neritidae
              member:  #nerita  having short a smooth or spirally ridged shell with thick usually toothed outer lip and toothed operculum
              member:  #bleeding_tooth__Nerita_peloronta  gastropod having reddish toothlike projections around the shell opening; of the Caribbean area
           member:  #genus_Neritina  a genus of Neritidae
              member:  #neritina  ornately marked and brightly colored snails of brackish waters
        member:  #family_Buccinidae__Buccinidae  whelks
           member:  #whelk  large carnivorous marine gastropods of coastal waters and intertidal regions having a strong snail-like shell
        member:  #family_Cymatiidae__Cymatiidae  tritons
           member:  #triton  tropical marine gastropods having beautifully colored spiral shells
        member:  #family_Naticidae__Naticidae  moonshells
           member:  #moonshell  marine gastropods having smooth rounded shells that form short spires
        member:  #family_Littorinidae__Littorinidae  periwinkles
           member:  #genus_Littorina__Littorina  type genus of the family Littorinidae: periwinkles
              member:  #periwinkle.seasnail__winkle  edible marine gastropod
        member:  #limpet  any of various usually marine gastropods with low conical shells; found clinging to rocks in littoral areas
        member:  #family_Patellidae__Patellidae  marine limpets
           member:  #genus_Patella__Patella  type genus of the family Patellidae: common European limpets
              member:  #common_limpet__Patella_vulgata  marine limpet
        member:  #family_Fissurellidae__Fissurellidae  marine limpets
           member:  #genus_Fissurella__Fissurella  type genus of the family Fissurellidae: keyhole limpets
              member:  #keyhole_limpet__keyholelimpet__Fissurella_apertura__Diodora_apertura  marine limpet having a conical shell with an opening at the apex
        member:  #family_Ancylidae__Ancylidae  freshwater gastropod
           member:  #genus_Ancylus__Ancylus  type genus of the family Ancylidae: river limpet
              member:  #river_limpet__riverlimpet__freshwater_limpet__Ancylus_fluviatilis  minute conical gastropod superficially resembling a limpet but living and feeding on freshwater plants
        member:  #subclass_Opisthobranchia__Opisthobranchia  gastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares
           member:  #order_Nudibranchia__Nudibranchia  comprising numerous marine gastropod mollusks lacking a shell in the adult state and usually having a body like a slug
              member:  #sea_slug__seaslug  any of various marine gastropods of the suborder Nudibranchia having a shell-less and often beautifully colored body
              member:  #family_Aplysiidae__Aplysiidae__Tethyidae__family_Tethyidae  sea hares
                 member:  #genus_Aplysia__Aplysia__Tethys__genus_Tethus  type genus of the family Aplysiidae
                    member:  #sea_hare__seahare__Aplysia_punctata  naked marine gastropod having a soft body with reduced internal shell and two pairs of ear-like tentacles
              member:  #genus_Hermissenda__Hermissenda  genus of marine sea slugs
                 member:  #Hermissenda_crassicornis  a kind of sea slug
        member:  #family_Akeridae__Akeridae  bubble shells
           member:  #genus_Haminoea__Haminoea  common genus of marine bubble shells of the Pacific coast of North America
              member:  #bubble_shell  marine gastropod mollusk having a very small thin shell
        member:  #order_Pulmonata__Pulmonata  large order of gastropods usually breathing by means of a lung-like sac comprising most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails
           member:  #family_Helicidae__Helicidae  land snails including the common edible snail and some pests
              member:  #genus_Helix__Helix  type genus of the family Helicidae
                 member:  #edible_snail__Helix_pomatia  one of the chief edible snails
                 member:  #garden_snail  any of several inedible snails of the genus Helix; often destructive pests
                 member:  #brown_snail__brownsnail__Helix_aspersa  serious garden pest having a brown shell with paler zigzag markings; nearly cosmopolitan
                 member:  #Helix_hortensis  a kind of garden snail
           member:  #family_Physidae__Physidae  freshwater snails
              member:  #genus_Physa  type genus of the physidae; freshwater air-breathing snails
                 member:  #physa  any member of the genus Physa
        member:  #order_Pectinibranchia__Pectinibranchia  large order of gastropods comprising univalve mollusks that have a single gill resembling a comb
           member:  #family_Cypraeidae__Cypraeidae  family of marine gastropods comprising the cowries
              member:  #genus_Cypraea__Cypraea  type genus of the family Cypraeidae: the typical cowries
                 member:  #cowrie__cowry  any of numerous tropical marine gastropods of the genus Cypraea having highly polished usually brightly marked shells
        member:  #subclass_Amphineura__Amphineura  a class of Gastropoda
           member:  #order_Solenogastres__Solenogastres__Aplacophora__order_Aplacophora  an order of Amphineura
              member:  #solenogaster__aplacophoran  deep-water wormlike mollusks lacking calcareous plates on the body but having fine slimy spicules on the covering mantle
     member:  #class_Polyplacophora__Polyplacophora  small class of marine mollusks comprising the chitons; sometimes considered an order of the subclass Amphineura
        member:  #genus_Chiton  a genus of Polyplacophora
           member:  #coat-of-mail_shell__chiton__sea_cradle__seacradle__polyplacophore  primitive elongated bilaterally symmetrical marine mollusk having a mantle covered with eight calcareous plates
     member:  #class_Bivalvia__Bivalvia__Lamellibranchia__class_Lamellibranchia__class_Pelecypoda  oysters; clams; scallops; mussels
        member:  #bivalve__lamellibranch  marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together
        member:  #spat  a young oyster or other bivalve
        member:  #order_Myaceae__Myaceae  clams
           member:  #family_Myacidae__Myacidae  soft-shell clams
              member:  #genus_Mya__Mya  type genus of the family Myacidae
                 member:  #Mya_arenaria__soft-shell_clam__steamer__steamerclam__long-neck_clam  an edible clam with thin oval-shaped shell found in coastal regions of the United States and Europe
           member:  #family_Veneridae__Veneridae  hard-shell clams
              member:  #genus_Venus__Venus  type genus of the family Veneridae: genus of edible clams with thick oval shells
                 member:  #Venus_mercenaria__quahog__quahaug__hard-shell_clam__round_clam__roundclam__Mercenaria_mercenaria  an edible American clam
              member:  #genus_Mercenaria__Mercenaria  a genus of Veneridae
           member:  #family_Solenidae__Solenidae  razor clams
              member:  #genus_Ensis__Ensis  razor clams
                 member:  #razor_clam__razorclam__jackknife_clam__jackknifeclam__knife-handle__knifehandle  marine clam having a long narrow curved thin shell
        member:  #family_Tridacnidae__Tridacnidae  large marine hard-shell clams
           member:  #genus_Tridacna__Tridacna  type genus of the family Tridacnidae: giant clams
              member:  #giant_clam__giantclam__Tridacna_gigas  giant clam inhabiting reefs in the South Pacific weighing up to 500' pounds
        member:  #family_Cardiidae__Cardiidae  somewhat heart-shaped sand-burrowing bivalve mollusks
           member:  #genus_Cardium__Cardium  type genus of the family Cardiidae: cockles
              member:  #cockle  common edible European bivalve mollusk having a rounded shell with radiating ribs
        member:  #family_Ostreidae__Ostreidae  oysters
           member:  #oyster  marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters
           member:  #genus_Ostrea__Ostrea  type genus of the family Ostreidae
              member:  #bluepoint__blue_point  small edible oyster typically from the south shore of Long Island
              member:  #Japanese_oyster__Ostrea_gigas  large native of Japan introduced along United States Pacific coast; candidate for introduction in Chesapeake Bay
           member:  #genus_Crassostrea__Crassostrea  Virginia oysters
              member:  #Virginia_oyster  common edible oyster of Atlantic coast of North America
        member:  #family_Pteriidae__Pteriidae  pearl oysters
           member:  #genus_Pinctada__Pinctada  pearl oysters
              member:  #pearl_oyster__pearloyster__Pinctada_margaritifera  tropical marine bivalve found chiefly off eastern Asia and Pacific coast of North and Central America; a major source of pearls
        member:  #family_Anomiidae__Anomiidae  saddle oysters
           member:  #genus_Anomia__Anomia  type genus of the family Anomiidae: saddle oysters
              member:  #saddle_oyster__Anomia_ephippium  thin-shelled bivalve having the right valve deeply notched
        member:  #genus_Placuna__Placuna  windowpane oysters
           member:  #window_oyster__windowpane_oyster__capiz__Placuna_placenta  marine bivalve common in Philippine coastal waters characterized by a large thin flat translucent shell
        member:  #family_Arcidae__Arcidae  ark shells
           member:  #genus_Arca__Arca  type genus of the family Arcidae: ark shells and blood clams
              member:  #ark_shell__arkshell  marine bivalve mollusk having a heavy toothed shell with a deep boat-like inner surface
              member:  #blood_clam__bloodclam  red-blooded clam
        member:  #family_Mytilidae__Mytilidae  marine mussels
           member:  #genus_Mytilus__Mytilus  type genus of the family Mytilidae: smooth-shelled marine mussels
              member:  #edible_mussel__Mytilus_edulis  dark-shelled edible mussel that lives attached to rocks
           member:  #marine_mussel__mytilid  marine bivalve mollusk having a dark elongated shell; live attached to solid objects especially in intertidal zones
        member:  #family_Unionidae__Unionidae  freshwater mussels found worldwide
           member:  #genus_Unio__Unio  type genus of the family Unionidae
              member:  #pearly-shelled_mussel  the pearly lining of the dark shells is a source of mother-of-pearl
           member:  #genus_Anodonta__Anodonta  thin-shelled freshwater mussels
              member:  #thin-shelled_mussel  mussel with thin fragile shells having only rudimentary hinge teeth
           member:  #genus_Dreissena__Dreissena  zebra mussels
              member:  #zebra_mussel__zebramussel__Dreissena_polymorpha  inch-long mollusk imported accidentally from Europe; clogs utility inlet pipes and feeds on edible freshwater mussels
        member:  #family_Pectinidae__Pectinidae  scallops
           member:  #scallop__scollop__escallop  edible marine bivalve having a fluted fan-shaped shell that swim by expelling water from the shell in a series of snapping motions
           member:  #genus_Pecten  type genus of the family Pectinidae: sea and bay scallops
              member:  #Pecten_irradians__bay_scallop  small scallop inhabiting shallow waters and mud flats of the North American Atlantic coast
              member:  #giant_scallop__giantscallop__sea_scallop__seascallop__Pecten_magellanicus  large scallop inhabiting deep waters of the North American Atlantic coast
        member:  #family_Teredinidae__Teredinidae  shipworms
           member:  #genus_Teredo  type genus of the family Teredinidae
              member:  #teredo  typical shipworm
           member:  #shipworm__teredinid  wormlike marine bivalve that bores into wooden piers and ships by means of drill-like shells
           member:  #genus_Bankia__Bankia  giant shipworms
              member:  #giant_northwest_shipworm__giantnorthwestshipworm__Bankia_setaceae  giant shipworm of the Pacific coast of North America
        member:  #family_Pholadidae__Pholadidae  a family of Bivalvia
           member:  #genus_Pholas__Pholas  type genus of the family Pholadidae: piddocks
              member:  #piddock  marine bivalve that bores into rock or clay or wood by means of saw-like shells
     member:  #class_Cephalopoda__Cephalopoda  octopuses; squids; cuttlefish; pearly nautilus
        member:  #cephalopod_mollusk__cephalopod  marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles
        member:  #family_Nautilidae__Nautilidae  spiral-shelled cephalopods
           member:  #genus_Nautilus  type genus and sole recent representative of the family Nautilidae
              member:  #chambered_nautilus__pearly_nautilus__nautilus  cephalopod of the Indian and Pacific oceans having a spiral shell with pale pearly partitions
        member:  #subclass_Dibranchiata__Dibranchiata__Dibranchia__subclass_Dibranchia  comprising all living cephalopods except the family Nautilidae: the orders Octopoda (octopuses) and Decapoda (squids and cuttlefish)
           member:  #order_Octopoda__Octopoda  octopuses and paper nautilus
              member:  #octopod  eight-armed cephalopod lacking an internal shell
              member:  #family_Octopodidae__Octopodidae  a family of Octopoda
                 member:  #genus_Octopus  type genus of the family Octopodidae
                    member:  #devilfish__octopus__octopu  bottom-living cephalopod having a soft oval body with eight long tentacles
              member:  #family_Argonautidae__Argonautidae  represented solely by the genus Argonauta
                 member:  #genus_Argonauta__Argonauta  type genus of the family Argonautidae: paper nautilus
                    member:  #paper_nautilus__nautilus__Argonauta_argo  cephalopod mollusk of warm seas whose females have delicate papery spiral shells
           member:  #order_Decapoda__Decapoda  squids and cuttlefishes
              member:  #decapod  cephalopods having eight short tentacles plus two long ones
              member:  #genus_Loligo  squids
                 member:  #loligo  somewhat flattened cylindrical squid
              member:  #genus_Ommastrephes  a genus of Decapoda
                 member:  #ommastrephes  extremely active cylindrical squid with short strong arms and large rhombic terminal fins
              member:  #genus_Architeuthis  giant squid
                 member:  #architeuthis__giant_squid__giantsquid  largest mollusk known about but never seen (to 60 feet long)
              member:  #family_Sepiidae__Sepiidae  true cuttlefishes
                 member:  #genus_Sepia__Sepia  type genus of the Sepiidae
                    member:  #cuttlefish__cuttle  ten-armed oval-bodied cephalopod with narrow fins as long as the body and a large calcareous internal shell
              member:  #family_Spirulidae__Spirulidae  coextensive with the genus Spirula; included in the order Belemnoidea in some older classifications
                 member:  #genus_Spirula  genus of small cephalopods with many-chambered spiral shells resembling those of the extinct belemnites
                    member:  #spirula__Spirula_peronii  a small tropical cephalopod of the genus Spirula having prominent eyes and short arms and a many-chambered shell coiled in a flat spiral
           member:  #order_Belemnoidea__Belemnoidea  order of extinct dibranchiate cephalopods related to the surviving spirulas
              member:  #family_Belemnitidae__Belemnitidae  family of extinct Mesozoic cephalopods
                 member:  #belemnite  a conical calcareous fossil tapering to a point at one end and with a conical cavity at the other end containing (when unbroken) a small chambered phragmocone from the shell of any of numerous extinct cephalopods of the family Belemnitidae
  member:  #phylum_Phoronida__Phoronida__Phoronidea  small phylum of wormlike marine animals
     member:  #phoronid  hermaphrodite wormlike animal living in mud of the sea bottom
  member:  #phylum_Bryozoa__Bryozoa__polyzoa  marine or freshwater animals that form colonies of zooids
     member:  #bryozoan__polyzoan__sea_mat__sea_moss__moss_animal  sessile aquatic animal forming mosslike colonies of small polyps each having a curved or circular ridge bearing tentacles; attach to stones or seaweed and reproduce by budding
     member:  #phylum_Ectoprocta__Ectoprocta  coextensive with or a subphylum of Bryozoa
        member:  #ectoproct  sessile mosslike aquatic animal having the anus of the polyp outside the crown of tentacles
     member:  #phylum_Entoprocta__Entoprocta__Endoprocta  sometimes considered a subphylum of Bryozoa
        member:  #entoproct  any of various mosslike aquatic animals usually forming branching colonies; each polyp having a both mouth and anus within a closed ring of tentacles
  member:  #phylum_Cycliophora__Cycliophora  tiny marine organisms each the size of a period found in great numbers on lobsters' lips; identified tentatively in 1995 as a new phylum or as possible link between Entoprocta and Ectoprocta
     member:  #Symbion_pandora  only known species of Cycliophora; lives symbiotically attached to a lobster's lip by an adhesive disk and feeding by means of a hairy mouth ring; its complex life cycle includes asexual and sexual phases
  member:  #phylum_Brachiopoda__Brachiopoda  marine invertebrates that resemble mollusks
     member:  #brachiopod__lamp_shell  marine animal with bivalve shell having a pair of arms bearing tentacles for capturing food; found worldwide
  member:  #phylum_Sipuncula__Sipuncula  peanut worms
     member:  #peanut_worm__sipunculid  small unsegmented marine worm that when disturbed retracts its anterior portion into the body giving the appearance of a peanut
  member:  #echinoderm_family  a family of echinoderms
  member:  #echinoderm_genus  a genus of echinoderms
  member:  #phylum_Echinodermata__Echinodermata  radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers
     member:  #echinoderm  marine invertebrates with tube feet and calcite-covered five-part radially symmetrical bodies
     member:  #class_Asteroidea__Asteroidea  sea stars
        member:  #starfish__sea_star__seastar  echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk
     member:  #class_Ophiuroidea__Ophiuroidea  brittle stars and basket stars
        member:  #subclass_Ophiurida__Ophiurida  brittle stars
           member:  #brittle_star__brittlestar__serpent_star__serpentstar  an animal resembling a starfish with fragile whiplike arms radiating from a small central disc
        member:  #subclass_Euryalida__Euryalida  basket stars
           member:  #basket_star__basket_fish  any starfish-like animal of the genera Euryale or Astrophyton or Gorgonocephalus having slender complexly branched interlacing arms radiating from a central disc
           member:  #genus_Euryale__Euryale  basket stars
           member:  #genus_Astrophyton__Astrophyton  includes many of the basket stars
              member:  #Astrophyton_muricatum  a variety of basket star
           member:  #genus_Gorgonocephalus__Gorgonocephalus  basket stars
     member:  #class_Echinoidea__Echinoidea  sea urchins and sand dollars
        member:  #sea_urchin__seaurchin  shallow-water echinoderms having soft bodies enclosed in thin spiny globular shells
        member:  #order_Exocycloida__Exocycloida  flat sea urchins
           member:  #sand_dollar  flattened disklike sea urchins that live on sandy bottoms
        member:  #order_Spatangoida__Spatangoida  heart-shaped sea urchins
           member:  #heart_urchin__hearturchin  sea urchin having a heart-shaped body in a rigid spiny shell
     member:  #class_Crinoidea__Crinoidea  sea lilies
        member:  #crinoid  primitive echinoderms having five or more feathery arms radiating from a central disk
        member:  #genus_Ptilocrinus__Ptilocrinus  sea lilies
           member:  #sea_lily__sealily  crinoid with delicate radiating arms and a stalked body attached to a hard surface
        member:  #family_Antedonidae__Antedonidae  feather stars
           member:  #genus_Antedon__Antedon  a genus of echinoderms of the family Antedonidae
              member:  #feather_star__featherstar__comatulid  free-swimming stalkless crinoid with ten feathery arms; found on muddy sea bottoms
     member:  #class_Holothuroidea__Holothuroidea  class of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers
        member:  #sea_cucumber__seacucumber__holothurian  echinoderm having a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders: sea cucumbers
        member:  #family_Holothuridae__Holothuridae  a family of Holothuroidea
           member:  #genus_Holothuria__Holothuria  type genus of the Holothuridae
              member:  #trepang__Holothuria_edulis  of warm coasts from Australia to Asia; used as food especially by Chinese

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