#herbaceous_plant__herb  a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests
  supertype:  #vascular_plant__tracheophyte  green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
  part:  #veggie
  subtype:  #barrenwort__bishop's_hat__Epimedium_grandiflorum  slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
  subtype:  #mayapple__May_apple__wild_mandrake__Podophyllum_peltatum  North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit
  subtype:  #buttercup__butterflower__crowfoot__goldcup__kingcup  any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
     subtype:  #meadow_buttercup__tall_buttercup__tall_crowfoot__tall_field_buttercup__Ranunculus_acris  perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America
     subtype:  #common_buttercup__Ranunculus_bulbosus  perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  #Mount_Cook_lily__mountain_lily__Ranunculus_lyalii  showy white-flowered perennial of New Zealand
     subtype:  #western_buttercup__westernbuttercup__Ranunculus_occidentalis  perennial of western North America
     subtype:  #creeping_buttercup__creeping_crowfoot__Ranunculus_repens  perennial European herb with long creeping stolons
     subtype:  #cursed_crowfoot__celery-leaved_buttercup__Ranunculus_sceleratus  annual herb growing in marshy places
  subtype:  #goldthread__golden_thread__Coptis_groenlandica__Coptis_trifolia_groenlandica  low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
  subtype:  #winter_aconite__Eranthis_hyemalis  small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
  subtype:  #hepatica__liverleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having 3-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions
  subtype:  #goldenseal__golden_seal__yellow_root__turmeric_root__Hydrastis_Canadensis  perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves
  subtype:  #false_rue_anemone__falserueanemone__false_rue__falserue__Isopyrum_biternatum  slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue
  subtype:  #giant_buttercup__giantbuttercup__Laccopetalum_giganteum  spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus
  subtype:  #false_bugbane__falsebugbane__Trautvetteria_carolinensis  tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers
  subtype:  #globeflower__globe_flower__globeflower  any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers
  subtype:  #leguminous_plant__legume  an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae
     subtype:  #peanut_vine__peanut__Arachis_hypogaea  widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground
     subtype:  #chickpea_plant__chickpea__Egyptian_pea__Cicer_arietinum  Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds
     subtype:  #guar__cluster_bean__clusterbean__Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus__Cyamopsis_psoraloides  drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material
     subtype:  #soya__soy__soybean__soya_bean__soybean_plant__soybeanplant__soja__soja_bean__Glycine_max__glycinemax  erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia
     subtype:  #wild_pea  any of various plants of the family Leguminosae that usually grow like vines
        subtype:  #singletary_pea__Caley_pea__rough_pea__roughpea__wild_winterpea__Lathyrus_hirsutus  week-stemmed winter annual native to Mediterranean region for long established in southern United States; cultivated as a cover and pasture crop
        subtype:  #beach_pea__beachpea__sea_pea__Lathyrus_maritimus__Lathyrus_japonicus  wild pea of seashores of north temperate zone having tough roots and purple flowers and useful as a sand binder
        subtype:  #marsh_pea__marshpea__Lathyrus_palustris  scrambling perennial of damp or marshy areas of Eurasia and North America with purplish flowers
        subtype:  #common_vetchling__meadow_pea__yellow_vetchling__Lathyrus_pratensis  scrambling perennial Eurasian wild pea having yellowish flowers and compressed seed pods; cultivated for forage
        subtype:  #pride_of_California__Lathyrus_splendens  shrubby California perennial having large pink or violet flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
        subtype:  #Tangier_pea__Tangier_peavine__Lalthyrus_tingitanus  North African annual resembling the sweet pea having showy but odorless flowers
     subtype:  #lentil_plant__lentil__Lens_culinaris  widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder
     subtype:  #horse_gram__horsegram__horse_grain__horsegrain__poor_man's_pulse__Macrotyloma_uniflorum__Dolichos_biflorus  twining herb of Old World tropics cultivated in India for food and fodder; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
     subtype:  #locoweed__crazyweed__crazy_weed__crazyweed  any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock
        subtype:  #purple_locoweed__purple_loco__Oxytropis_lambertii  tufted locoweed of southwestern United States having purple or pink to white flowers
     subtype:  #bean_plant__bean  any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods
        subtype:  #carob_bean__carobbean__carob__algarroba_bean__algarrobabean__algarroba__locust_bean__locust_pod  long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
        subtype:  #soyabean__soy__soybean  a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food
        subtype:  #common_bean_plant__common_bean__Phaseolus_vulgaris  the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods
           subtype:  #frijol__kidney_bean__frijole  the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)
           subtype:  #green_bean.common_bean_plant__greenbean  a common bean plant cultivated for its slender green edible pods
              subtype:  #haricot  a French variety of green bean plant bearing light-colored beans
           subtype:  #wax_bean__waxbean  a common bean plant grown for its edible golden pod
        subtype:  #Dutch_case-knife_bean__scarlet_runner__scarletrunner__scarlet_runner_bean__runner_bean__Phaseolus_coccineus__Phaseolus_multiflorus  tropical American high-climbing bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in G Britain
        subtype:  #shell_bean_plant__shell_bean__shellbean  a bean plant grown primarily for its edible seed rather than its pod
           subtype:  #lima_bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_limensis  bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds
           subtype:  #sieva_bean__sievabean__butterbean__butter-bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_lunatus  bush bean plant cultivated especially in southern United States having small flat edible seeds
           subtype:  #tepary_bean__Phaseolus_acutifolius_latifolius  twining plant of southwestern United States and Mexico having roundish white or yellow or brown or black beans
           subtype:  #broadbean__broad_bean__broadbean__broad-bean_plant__English_bean__European_bean__field_bean__fieldbean__Vicia_faba  Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder
        subtype:  #horsebean__broad_bean__broadbean__fava_bean  seed of the broad-bean plant
     subtype:  #pea_plant__peaplant__pea  a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
        subtype:  #garden_pea_plant__garden_pea__common_pea__Pisum_sativum  plant producing peas usually eaten fresh rather than dried
        subtype:  #edible-pod_pea__edible-podded_pea__Pisum_sativum_macrocarpon  a variety of pea plant producing peas having soft thick edible pods lacking the fibrous inner lining of the common pea
           subtype:  #sugar_pea__sugarpea__snow_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having thin flat edible pods
           subtype:  #snap_pea__sugar_snap_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having crisp rounded edible pods
        subtype:  #field-pea_plant__field_pea__fieldpea__Austrian_winter_pea__Pisum_sativum_arvense__Pisum_arvense  variety of pea plant native to the Mediterranean region and North Africa and widely grown especially for forage
     subtype:  #sesbania  any of various plants of the genus Sesbania having pinnate leaves and large showy pealike flowers
        subtype:  #Colorado_River_hemp__Sesbania_exaltata  tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage
     subtype:  #vetch  any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants
        subtype:  #tare.vetch  any of several weedy vetches grown for forage
           subtype:  #hairy_vetch__hairy_tare__hairytare__Vicia_villosa  European vetch much cultivated as forage and cover crops
        subtype:  #tufted_vetch__bird_vetch__Calnada_pea__Vicia_cracca  common perennial climber of temperate regions of Eurasia and North America having dense elongate clusters of flowers
        subtype:  #bitter_betch__Vicia_orobus  European perennial toxic vetch
        subtype:  #spring_vetch__Vicia_sativa  herbaceous climbing plant valuable as fodder and for soil-building
        subtype:  #bush_vetch__Vicia_sepium  European purple-flowered with slender stems; occurs as a weed in hedges
     subtype:  #moth_bean__Vigna_aconitifolia__Phaseolus_aconitifolius  East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods; used especially in India for food and forage and soil-conditioning; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
     subtype:  #adzuki_bean__adsuki_bean__Vigna_angularis__Phaseolus_angularis  bushy annual widely grown in China and Japan for the flour made from its seeds
     subtype:  #snailflower__snail_flower__snailflower__snail_bean__snailbean__corkscrew_flower__corkscrewflower__Vigna_caracalla__Phaseolus_caracalla__phaseoluscaracalla  perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
     subtype:  #mung_bean__mung__green_gram__greengram__golden_gram__Vigna_radiata__Phaseolus_aureus  erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
     subtype:  #cowpea_plant__cowpea__black-eyed_pea__Vigna_unguiculata__Vigna_sinensis  sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure
     subtype:  #asparagus_bean__asparagusbean__yard-long_bean__Vigna_unguiculata_sesquipedalis__Vigna_sesquipedalis  South American bean having very long succulent pods
  subtype:  #clover__trefoil  a plant of the genus Trifolium
     subtype:  #alpine_clover__Trifolium_alpinum  European mountain clover with fragrant usually pink flowers
     subtype:  #hop_clover__hopclover__shamrock__lesser_yellow_trefoil__Trifolium_dubium  clover native to Ireland with yellowish flowers; often considered the true or original shamrock
     subtype:  #crimson_clover__crimsonclover__Italian_clover__Trifolium_incarnatum  southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage
     subtype:  #red_clover__redclover__purpleclover__Trifolium_pratense  erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover
     subtype:  #Trifolium_reflexum__buffalo_clover__buffaloclover  clover of western United States
     subtype:  #white_clover__whiteclover__dutch_clover__dutchclover__shamrock__Trifolium_repens  creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage
     subtype:  #buffalo_clover__buffaloclover__Trifolium_stoloniferum  clover of western United States
  subtype:  #Madagascar_periwinkle__periwinkle__rose_periwinkle__old_maid__oldmaid__Cape_periwinkle__red_periwinkle__redperiwinkle__cayenne_jasmine__cayennejasmine__Catharanthus_roseus__Vinca_rosea  commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers
  subtype:  #aroid__arum  any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
     subtype:  #cuckoopint__lords-and-ladies__jack-in-the-pulpit__Arum_maculatum  common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum
     subtype:  #black_calla__Arum_palaestinum  ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe
     subtype:  #alocasia__elephant's_ear__elephant_ear  any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries
        subtype:  #giant_taro__gianttaro__Alocasia_macrorrhiza  large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental
     subtype:  #amorphophallus  any plant of the genus Amorphophallus
     subtype:  #pungapung__telingo_potato__telingopotato__elephant_yam__Amorphophallus_paeonifolius__Amorphophallus_campanulatus  putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber
     subtype:  #devil's_tongue__devil'stongue__snake_palm__snakepalm__umbrella_arum__Amorphophallus_rivieri  foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix
     subtype:  #krubi__titan_arum__titanarum__Amorphophallus_titanum  malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet
     subtype:  #jack-in-the-pulpit__Indian_turnip__wake-robin__Arisaema_triphyllum__Arisaema_atrorubens  common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries
     subtype:  #green_dragon__greendragon__Arisaema_dracontium  early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix
     subtype:  #friar's-cowl__friar'scowl__arisarumvulgare  tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores
     subtype:  #caladium  any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red
        subtype:  #Caladium_bicolor  most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century
     subtype:  #taro_plant__taro__dalo__dasheen__Colocasia_esculenta  herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves
     subtype:  #dumb_cane__mother-in-law_plant__mother-in-law's_tongue__Dieffenbachia_sequine  a evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name
     subtype:  #dracontium  any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves
     subtype:  #dragon_arum__green_dragon__greendragon__Dracunculus_vulgaris  European arum resembling the cuckoopint
     subtype:  #nephthytis  any plant of the genus Nephthytis
        subtype:  #Nephthytis_afzelii  tropical rhizomatous plant cultivated as an ornamental for its large sagittate leaves
     subtype:  #yautia__tannia__spoonflower__malanga__Xanthosoma_sagittifolium__Xanthosoma_atrovirens  tropical American aroid having edible tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes
  subtype:  #Panax_ginseng__ginseng__nin-sin__ninsin__Panax_schinseng__Panax_pseudoginseng  Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers
  subtype:  #American_ginseng__sang__Panax_quinquefolius  North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng
  subtype:  #wild_ginger  low-growing perennial herb with pungent gingery leaves and rhizomes
     subtype:  #Canada_ginger__black_snakeroot__Asarum_canadense  deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States
     subtype:  #Asarum_virginicum__heartleaf  evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-gray heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina
     subtype:  #asarabacca__Asarum_europaeum  thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe
  subtype:  #heartleaf__Asarum_shuttleworthii  wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama
  subtype:  #caryophyllaceous_plant  a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae
  subtype:  #mouse-ear_chickweed__mouseearchickweed__mouse_eared_chickweed__mouseearedchickweed__mouse_ear__mouseear__clammy_chickweed__chickweed  any of various plants related to the common chickweed
     subtype:  #field_chickweed__fieldchickweed__field_mouse-ear__fieldmouseear__Cerastium_arvense  densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone
     subtype:  #snow-in-summer__love-in-a-mist__Cerastium_tomentosum  chickweed with hairy silver-gray leaves and rather large white flowers
     subtype:  #Alpine_mouse-ear__Arctic_mouse-ear__Cerastium_alpinum  widespread in Arctic and on mountains in Europe
  subtype:  #drypis  spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers
  subtype:  #coral_necklace__coralnecklace__Illecebrum_verticullatum  glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas
  subtype:  #chickweed  any of various plants of the genus Stellaria
     subtype:  #common_chickweed__Stellaria_media  a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens
     subtype:  #greater_stitchwort__greaterstitchwort__stitchwort__starwort__Stellaria_holostea  low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side
  subtype:  #New_Zealand_spinach__Tetragonia_tetragonioides__Tetragonia_expansa  coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves
  subtype:  #amaranth  any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
     subtype:  #Amaranthus_albus__tumbleweed__Amaranthus_graecizans  bushy plant of western United States
     subtype:  #love-lies-bleeding__velvet_flower__tassel_flower__Amaranthus_caudatus  young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal
     subtype:  #gentleman's-cane__gentleman'scane__prince's-feather__prince's-plume__red_amaranth__redamaranth__purple_amaranth__Amaranthus_cruentus__Amaranthus_hybridus_hypochondriacus__Amaranthus_hybridus_erythrostachys  tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal
     subtype:  #pigweed__Amaranthus_hypochondriacus  leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China
  subtype:  #thorny_amaranth__Amaranthus_spinosus  erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes
  subtype:  #red_fox__Celosia_argentea  weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers
  subtype:  #common_cockscomb__cockscomb__Celosia_cristata__Celosia_argentea_cristata  garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers
  subtype:  #cottonweed  any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers
  subtype:  #goosefoot  any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers
     subtype:  #lamb's-quarters__pigweed__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_album  common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb
     subtype:  #American_wormseed__Mexican_tea__Spanish_tea__wormseed__Chenopodium_ambrosioides  rank-smelling tropical American pigweed
     subtype:  #good-king-henry__allgood__fat_hen__fathen__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_bonus-henricus  European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb
     subtype:  #Jerusalem_oak__feather_geranium__feathergeranium__Mexican_tea__Chenopodium_botrys__Atriplex_mexicana  Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America
     subtype:  #strawberry_blite__strawberry_pigweed__Indian_paint__Chenopodium_capitatum  European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America
     subtype:  #oak-leaved_goosefoot__oakleaf_goosefoot__oakleafgoosefoot__Chenopodium_glaucum  annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white-hairy beneath; common as a weed in North America
     subtype:  #sowbane__red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__Chenopodium_hybridum  herb considered fatal to swine
     subtype:  #nettle-leaved_goosefoot__nettleleaf_goosefoot__Chenopodium_murale  European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada
     subtype:  #red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__French_spinach__Chenopodium_rubrum  common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  #stinking_goosefoot__Chenopodium_vulvaria  European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America
  subtype:  #orach__orache  any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in deserts and salt marshes
     subtype:  #garden_orache__mountain_spinach__Atriplex_hortensis  Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America
  subtype:  #halogeton__Halogeton_glomeratus  a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content
  subtype:  #Halogeton_souda__barilla  Algerian plant formerly burned to obtain calcium carbonate
  subtype:  #samphire__glasswort__Salicornia_europaea  fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass
  subtype:  #pokeweed  perennial of the genus Phytolacca
     subtype:  #Indian_poke__Phytolacca_acinosa  pokeweed of southeastern Asia and China
     subtype:  #pigeon_berry__poke__garget__scoke__Phytolacca_americana  tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous
     subtype:  #ombu__bella_sombra__bellasombra__phytolaccadioica  fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves
  subtype:  #purslane  a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas
     subtype:  #common_purslane__pussley__pusly__verdolagas__Portulaca_oleracea  weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan
  subtype:  #rock_purslane  a plant of the genus Calandrinia
  subtype:  #Indian_lettuce  a plant of the genus Montia having edible pleasant-tasting leaves
     subtype:  #broad-leaved_montia__Montia_cordifolia  succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America
     subtype:  #blinks__blinking_chickweed__water_chickweed__Montia_lamprosperma  small Indian lettuce of northern regions
     subtype:  #toad_lily__Montia_chamissoi  a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America
     subtype:  #winter_purslane__miner's_lettuce__miner'slettuce__Cuban_spinach__Montia_perfoliata  succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America
  subtype:  #spiderflower__cleome  any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #spider_flower__spider_plant__Cleome_hassleriana  native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers
     subtype:  #Rocky_Mountain_bee_plant__stinking_clover__Cleome_serrulata  plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
  subtype:  #clammyweed__Polanisia_graveolens__Polanisia_dodecandra  strong-scented herb common in southern United States covered with intermixed gland and hairs
  subtype:  #crucifer__cruciferous_plant__cruciferousplant  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
     subtype:  #cress_plant__cress  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae having edible pungent-tasting leaves
        subtype:  #watercress  any of several water-loving cresses
           subtype:  #American_watercress__mountain_watercress__Cardamine_rotundifolia  mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States
           subtype:  #common_watercress__Rorippa_nasturtium-aquaticum__Nasturtium_officinale  perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere
           subtype:  #marsh_cress__marshcres__yellow_watercress__Rorippa_islandica  annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities
           subtype:  #great_yellowcress__greatyellowcres__Rorippa_amphibia__Nasturtium_amphibium  perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium
        subtype:  #Arabidopsis_thaliana__mouse-ear_cress__mouseearcres  a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
        subtype:  #Arabidopsis_lyrata  a small non-invasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana
        subtype:  #rock_cress__rockcress__rockcres  any of several rock-loving cresses of the genus Arabis
           subtype:  #Arabis_Canadensis__sicklepod  North American rock cress having very long curved pods
           subtype:  #Arabis_turrita__tower_cress__tower_mustard__towermustard  European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis
        subtype:  #tower_mustard__towermustard__tower_cress__Turritis_glabra__Arabis_glabra  or genus Arabis: erect cress widely distributed throughout Europe
        subtype:  #St._Barbara's_herb__winter_cress__scurvy_grass  any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad
           subtype:  #Belle_Isle_cress__early_winter_cress__land_cress__American_cress__American_watercress__Barbarea_verna__Barbarea_praecox  of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida
        subtype:  #bittercress__bittercres__bittercres  any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic
           subtype:  #lady's_smock__cuckooflower__cuckoo_flower__meadow_cress__Cardamine_pratensis  a bitter cress of Europe and America
           subtype:  #coral-root_bittercress__coralroot__coralwort__cardaminebulbifera__Dentaria_bulbifera  European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock
           subtype:  #crinkleroot__pepperroot__toothwort__Cardamine_diphylla__Dentaria_diphylla  North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots
           subtype:  #spring_cress__Cardamine_bulbosa  small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America
           subtype:  #purple_cress__Cardamine_douglasii  small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers
        subtype:  #common_scurvy_grass__scurvy_grass__Cochlearia_officinalis  a widely distributed arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C
        subtype:  #common_garden_cress__garden_pepper_cress__pepper_grass__pepperwort__Lepidium_sativum  annual herb used as salad green and garnish
     subtype:  #garlic_mustard__hedge_garlic__hedgegarlic__sauce-alone__saucealone__jack-by-the-hedge__Alliaria_officinalis  European herb that smells like garlic
     subtype:  #alyssum__madwort  any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers
     subtype:  #Anastatica_hierochuntica__rose_of_Jericho__resurrection_plant  small gray Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist
     subtype:  #wild_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe
     subtype:  #cultivated_cabbage__cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers
        subtype:  #head_cabbage_plant__head_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea_capitata  any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves
           subtype:  #savoy_cabbage__savoycabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of crinkled leaves
           subtype:  #red_cabbage.head_cabbage_plant__redcabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of reddish purple leaves
     subtype:  #brussels_sprout__Brassica_oleracea_gemmifera  plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages
     subtype:  #Brassica_oleracea_botrytis__cauliflower  a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds
     subtype:  #Brassica_oleracea_italica__broccoli  plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds
     subtype:  #borecole__kale__kail__cole__colewort__Brassica_oleracea_acephala  a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head
        subtype:  #collard  variety of kale having smooth leaves
     subtype:  #kohlrabi__Brassica_oleracea_gongylodes  plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem
     subtype:  #turnip_plant  any of several widely cultivated plants having edible roots
        subtype:  #Brassica_rapa__turnip__white_turnip__whiteturnip  widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root
        subtype:  #rutabaga_plant__rutabaga__turnip_cabbage__swede__Swedish_turnip__Brassica_napus_napobrassica  a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root
     subtype:  #Brassica_rapa_ruvo__broccoli_raab__broccoli_rabe  plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots
     subtype:  #mustard  any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica
        subtype:  #chinese_mustard__chinesemustard__indian_mustard__leaf_mustard__gai_choi__gaichoi__Brassica_juncea  Asiatic mustard used as a potherb
        subtype:  #black_mustard__blackmustard__Brassica_nigra  widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard
        subtype:  #colza__rape__Brassica_napus  Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop
        subtype:  #white_mustard__whitemustard__Brassica_hirta__Sinapis_alba  Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil
        subtype:  #field_mustard__fieldmustard__wild_mustard__charlock__chadlock__Brassica_kaber__Sinapis_arvensis  weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields
     subtype:  #Chinese_cabbage__celery_cabbage__napa__pe-tsai__Brassica_rapa_pekinensis  plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia
     subtype:  #pakchoi__bok_choy__bokchoy__bok_choi__bokchoi__Chinese_white_cabbage__Brassica_rapa_chinensis  Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves
     subtype:  #tendergreen__spinach_mustard__spinachmustard__Brassica_perviridis__Brassica_rapa_perviridis  Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage
     subtype:  #gold_of_pleasure__Camelina_sativa  annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America
     subtype:  #shepherd's_purse__shepherd's_pouch__Capsella_bursa-pastoris  white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed
     subtype:  #radish_plant  a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root
        subtype:  #Raphanus_sativus__radish  Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its edible pungent root usually eaten raw
        subtype:  #daikon__Japanese_radish__Raphanus_sativus_longipinnatus  radish of Japan with a long hard durable root eaten raw or cooked
     subtype:  #malheur_wire_lettuce__Stephanomeria_malheurensis  a small plant of Oregon resembling mustard; a threatened species
  subtype:  #stonecress__stone_cress__stonecres  any Old World herb of the genus Aethionema; native of sunny limestone habitats
  subtype:  #horse_radish__horseradish__red_cole__redcole__Armoracia_rusticana  coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
  subtype:  #hoary_alison__hoaryalison__hoary_alyssum__hoaryalyssum__Berteroa_incana  tall European annual with downy gray-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed
  subtype:  #sea-rocket__searocket__Cakile_maritima  salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy gray-green foliage
  subtype:  #sea_kale__seakale__sea_cole__seacole__Crambe_maritima  perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs
  subtype:  #tansy_mustard__Descurainia_pinnata  North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy
  subtype:  #wall_rocket__Diplotaxis_muralis__Diplotaxis_tenuifolia  yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America
  subtype:  #white_rocket__whiterocket__Diplotaxis_erucoides  from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe
  subtype:  #draba  any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique
     subtype:  #whitlow_grass__whitlowgras__Draba_verna  annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules
  subtype:  #garden_rocket__rocket__roquette__rocket_salad__arugula__erucasativa__erucavesicariasativa  erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
  subtype:  #tansy-leaved_rocket__Hugueninia_tanacetifolia__Sisymbrium_tanacetifolia  perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
  subtype:  #woad  any of several herbs of the genus Isatis
     subtype:  #dyer's_woad__Isatis_tinctoria  European biennial formerly grown for the blue coloring matter yielded by its leaves
  subtype:  #bladderpod  any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods
  subtype:  #honesty__silverdollar__money_plant__moneyplant__satin_flower__satinflower__satinpod__Lunaria_annua  southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration
  subtype:  #Physaria_bladderpod__bladderpod  any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods
  subtype:  #chamois_cress__chamoiscres__Pritzelago_alpina__Lepidium_alpina  small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium
  subtype:  #hedge_mustard__hedgemustard__Sisymbrium_officinale  stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally
  subtype:  #fringepod__lacepod  annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles
  subtype:  #bladderpod.herbaceous_plant  annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella
  subtype:  #prickly_poppy__pricklypoppy__argemone__white_thistle__whitethistle__devil's_fig__devil'sfig  any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America
     subtype:  #Mexican_poppy__Argemone_mexicana  annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico
  subtype:  #bloodroot__puccoon__redroot__tetterwort__Sanguinaria_canadensis  perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leave and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant
  subtype:  #fumitory__fumewort__fumeroot__Fumaria_officinalis  delicate European herb with grayish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally
  subtype:  #bleeding_heart__lyreflower__Dicentra_spectabilis  garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers
  subtype:  #Dutchman's_breeches__Dicentra_cucullaria  delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having double-spurred white flowers
  subtype:  #squirrel_corn__Dicentra_canadensis  American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn
  subtype:  #achillea  any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads
     subtype:  #yarrow__milfoil__Achillea_millefolium  ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America
     subtype:  #sneezeweed_yarrow__sneezewort__Achillea_ptarmica  Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long gray-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered
  subtype:  #white_snakeroot__whitesnakeroot__white_sanicle__whitesanicle__Ageratina_altissima__Eupatorium_rugosum  American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
  subtype:  #pellitory-of-Spain__pellitory__Anacyclus_pyrethrum  small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache
  subtype:  #andryala  any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers
  subtype:  #ladies'_tobacco__ladies'tobacco__lady's_tobacco__Antennaria_plantaginifolia  North American perennial propagated by means of runners
  subtype:  #cat's_foot__cat'sfoot__cat's_feet__cat'sfeet__pussytoes__pussytoe__Antennaria_dioica  low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers
     subtype:  #plantain-leaved_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
     subtype:  #field_pussytoes__fieldpussytoe  a variety of pussytoes
     subtype:  #solitary_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
     subtype:  #mountain_everlasting  a variety of cat's foot
  subtype:  #arnica.herbaceous_plant  any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
  subtype:  #lamb_succory__dwarf_nipplewort__dwarfnipplewort__Arnoseris_minima  small European herb with small yellow flowers
  subtype:  #ayapana__Ayapana_triplinervis__Eupatorium_aya-pana  low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
  subtype:  #balsamroot  a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having white-downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots
  subtype:  #Indian_plantain  any of various plants of the genus Cacalia having leaves resembling those of plantain
  subtype:  #safflower__false_saffron__falsesaffron__Carthamus_tinctorius  thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil
  subtype:  #chamomile__camomile__Chamaemelum_nobilis__Anthemis_nobilis  Eurasian plant apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
  subtype:  #chaenactis  any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers
  subtype:  #chicory_plant__chicory__Cichorium_intybus  perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads
  subtype:  #endive__witloof__Cichorium_endivia  widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched
  subtype:  #coreopsis__coreopsi__tickseed__tickweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America
     subtype:  #giant_coreopsis__giantcoreopsi__Coreopsis_gigantea  large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California
     subtype:  #sea_dahlia__seadahlia__Coreopsis_maritima  stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
     subtype:  #calliopsis__Coreopsis_tinctoria  North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis
  subtype:  #leopard's-bane__leopard'sbane__leopardbane  any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads
  subtype:  #globe_thistle__globethistle  any of various plants of the genus Echinops having prickly leaves and dense globose heads of bluish flowers
  subtype:  #elephant's-foot  any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America
  subtype:  #Emilia_coccinea__tassel_flower__Emilia_javanica__Emilia_flammea__Cacalia_javanica__Cacalia_lutea  tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia
  subtype:  #tassel_flower__Emilia_sagitta  tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers
  subtype:  #hemp_agrimony__Eupatorium_cannabinum  coarse European herb with palmately-divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads
  subtype:  #dog_fennel__dogfennel__Eupatorium_capillifolium  weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers
  subtype:  #spotted_Joe-Pye_weed__Joe-Pye_weed__Eupatorium_maculatum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads
  subtype:  #boneset__agueweed__thoroughwort__Eupatorium_perfoliatum  perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine
  subtype:  #Joe-Pye_weed__purple_boneset__trumpet_weed__trumpetweed__marsh_milkweed__marshmilkweed__Eupatorium_purpureum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple
  subtype:  #gumweed__gum_plant__gumplant__tarweed__rosinweed  any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock
     subtype:  #Grindelia_robusta  perennial gumweed of California and Baja California
     subtype:  #curlycup_gumweed__Grindelia_squarrosa  perennial gumweed of western and central North America
  subtype:  #Haastia_pulvinaris__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__sheep_plant__sheepplant  cushion-forming New Zealand herb having leaves densely covered with tawny hairs
  subtype:  #sneezeweed  any of various plants of the genus Helenium characteristically causing sneezing
     subtype:  #autumn_sneezeweed__Helenium_autumnale  North American perennial with bright yellow late summer flowers flowers
     subtype:  #orange_sneezeweed__owlclaws__Helenium_hoopesii  stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep
     subtype:  #rosilla__Helenium_puberulum  a sneezeweed of southwestern United States especially southern California
  subtype:  #hawkweed  any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion
     subtype:  #rattlesnake_weed__rattlesnakeweed__hieraciumvenosum  a hawkweed with a rosette of purple-veined basal leaves; Canada to northern Georgia and Kentucky
     subtype:  #mouse-ear_hawkweed__mouseearhawkweed__Pilosella_officinarum__Hieracium_pilocella  European hawkweed having soft hairy leaves; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
  subtype:  #alpine_coltsfoot__Homogyne_alpina__Tussilago_alpina  rhizomatous herb with purple-red flowers suitable for groundcover; sometimes placed in genus Tussilago
  subtype:  #inula  any plant of the genus Inula
     subtype:  #elecampane__Inula_helenium  tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally
  subtype:  #krigia  any small branched yellow-flowered North American herb of the genus Krigia
     subtype:  #dwarf_dandelion__dwarfdandelion__Krigia_dandelion__Krigia_bulbosa  small yellow-flowered herb resembling dandelions of central and southeastern United States
  subtype:  #lettuce.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
     subtype:  #garden_lettuce__common_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa  annual or perennial garden plant having succulent leaves used in salads; widely grown
     subtype:  #cos_lettuce__coslettuce__romaine_lettuce__romainelettuce__Lactuca_sativa_longifolia  lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves
     subtype:  #head_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_capitata  distinguished by leaves arranged in a dense rosette that develop into a compact ball
     subtype:  #leaf_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_crispa  distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head
     subtype:  #stem_lettuce__celtuce__Lactuca_sativa_asparagina  lettuce valued especially for its edible stems
  subtype:  #leopard_plant__leopardplant  any of various plants of temperate Eurasia; grown for their yellow flowers and handsome foliage
  subtype:  #tarweed  any of various resinous glandular plants of the genus Madia; of western North and South America
     subtype:  #melosa__Chile_tarweed__madia_oil_plant__madiaoilplant__Madia_sativa  South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil
  subtype:  #sweet_false_chamomile__sweetfalsechamomile__wild_chamomile__German_chamomile__Matricaria_recutita__Matricaria_chamomilla  annual Eurasian herb similar in fragrance and medicinal uses to chamomile though taste is more bitter and effect is considered inferior
  subtype:  #pineapple_weed__pineappleweed__rayless_chamomile__raylesschamomile__Matricaria_matricarioides  annual aromatic weed of Pacific coastal areas (United States; northeastern Asia) having bristle-pointed leaves and rayless yellow flowers
  subtype:  #rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  a plant of the genus Nabalus
     subtype:  #white_lettuce__whitelettuce__cankerweed__Nabalus_alba__Prenanthes_alba  herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
  subtype:  #lion's_foot__gall_of_the_earth__Nabalus_serpentarius__Prenanthes_serpentaria  common perennial herb widely distributed in the southern and eastern United States having drooping clusters of pinkish flowers and thick basal leaves suggesting a lion's foot in shape; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
  subtype:  #butterweed  any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packer; often placed in genus Senecio
  subtype:  #golden_groundsel__golden_ragwort__Packera_aurea__Senecio_aureus  weedy herb of the eastern United States to Texas having golden-yellow flowers; sometimes becomes invasive; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
  subtype:  #butterbur__bog_rhubarb__bogrhubarb__Petasites_hybridus__Petasites_vulgaris  small Eurasian herb having broad leaves and lilac-pink rayless flowers; found in moist areas
  subtype:  #winter_heliotrope__sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_fragrans  European herb with vanilla-scented white-pink flowers
  subtype:  #sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_sagitattus  American sweet-scented herb
  subtype:  #hawkweed.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Pilosella
  subtype:  #stevia  any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia
  subtype:  #Prenanthes_purpurea__rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  herb of central and southern Europe having purple florets
  subtype:  #pteropogon__Pteropogon_humboltianum  southern Australian plant having feathery hairs surrounding the fruit
  subtype:  #feabane_mullet__feabanemullet__fleabane__Pulicaria_dysenterica  hairy perennial Eurasian herb with yellow daisylike flowers reputed to destroy or drive away fleas
  subtype:  #sheep_plant__sheepplant__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__Raoulia_lutescens__Raoulia_australis  perennial prostrate mat-forming herb with hoary woolly foliage
  subtype:  #creeping_zinnia__Sanvitalia_procumbens  low-branching leafy annual with flower heads resembling zinnias; found in southwestern United States and Mexico to Guatemala
  subtype:  #costusroot__Saussurea_costus__Saussurea_lappa  annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs
  subtype:  #viper's_grass__viper'sgras__black_salsify__blacksalsify__scorzonera__Scorzonera_hispanica  perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black-skinned carrot-shaped edible roots
  subtype:  #sawwort__Serratula_tinctoria  European perennial whose serrate leaves yield a yellow dye
  subtype:  #milk_thistle__lady's_thistle__Our_Lady's_mild_thistle__holy_thistle__blessed_thistle__Silybum_marianum  tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America
  subtype:  #stevia.herbaceous_plant  any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America
  subtype:  #alecost__costmary__bible_leaf__bibleleaf__mint_geranium__balsam_herb__Tanacetum_balsamita__Chrysanthemum_balsamita  tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
  subtype:  #camphor_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_camphoratum  densely hairy plant with rayless flowers; San Francisco Bay area
  subtype:  #Dalmatian_pyrethrum__pyrethrum__Dalmatia_pyrethrum__Tanacetum_cinerariifolium__Chrysanthemum_cinerariifolium  white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
  subtype:  #feverfew__Tanacetum_parthenium__Chrysanthemum_parthenium  bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
  subtype:  #dandelion__blowball  any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
     subtype:  #common_dandelion__Taraxacum_ruderalia__Taraxacum_officinale  Eurasian plant widely naturalized as a weed in North America; used as salad greens and to make wine
     subtype:  #Russian_dandelion__kok-saghyz__koksaghyz__kok-sagyz__koksagyz__Taraxacum_kok-saghyz  perennial dandelion native to Kazakh Republic of Russia cultivated for its fleshy roots which have high rubber content
  subtype:  #Tragopogon_porrifolius__salsify__oysterplant__vegetable_oyster__vegetableoyster  Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States
  subtype:  #wild_vanilla__Trilisa_odoratissima  perennial of southeastern United States with leaves having the fragrance of vanilla
  subtype:  #scentless_camomile__scentlesscamomile__scentless_false_camomile__scentlessfalsecamomile__scentless_mayweed__scentless_hayweed__scentlesshayweed__corn_mayweed__Tripleurospermum_inodorum__Matricaria_inodorum  ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
  subtype:  #Tripleurospermum_oreades_tchihatchewii__turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Matricaria_oreades  mat-forming perennial herb of Asia Minor; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
  subtype:  #turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Tripleurospermum_tchihatchewii__Matricaria_tchihatchewii  low densely tufted perennial herb of Turkey having small white flowers; used as a ground cover in dry places; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
  subtype:  #coltsfoot__Tussilago_farfara  perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly
  subtype:  #ironweed__vernonia  any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue
  subtype:  #loasa  any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers
  subtype:  #campanula__bellflower  any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #harebell__bluebell__Campanula_rotundifolia  perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers
     subtype:  #creeping_bellflower__Campanula_rapunculoides  erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers
     subtype:  #cup_and_saucer__cupandsaucer__Canterbury_bell__Campanula_medium  European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers
     subtype:  #southern_harebell__Campanula_divaricata  bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers
     subtype:  #tall_bellflower__Campanula_americana  annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers
     subtype:  #marsh_bellflower__marshbellflower__Campanula_aparinoides  bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers
     subtype:  #clustered_bellflower__clusteredbellflower__Campanula_glomerata  bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers
     subtype:  #peach_bells__peachbell__peachbell__willowbell__Campanula_persicifolia  perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers
     subtype:  #chimney_plant__chimneyplant__chimney_bellflower__chimneybellflower__campanulapyramidali  bellflower of southeastern Europe
     subtype:  #rampion_bellflower__rampionbellflower__rampion__campanularapunculu  bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad
     subtype:  #throatwort__nettle-leaved_bellflower__Campanula_trachelium  European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat
     subtype:  #tussock_bellflower__tussockbellflower__spreading_bellflower__spreadingbellflower__Campanula_carpatica  European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers
  subtype:  #primrose__primula  any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads
     subtype:  #English_primrose__Primula_vulgaris  plant of western and southern Europe widely cultivated for its pale yellow flowers
     subtype:  #cowslip__paigle__Primula_veris  early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers
     subtype:  #oxlip__paigle__Primula_elatior  Eurasian primrose with yellow flowers clustered in a one-sided umbel
     subtype:  #Chinese_primrose__Primula_sinensis  cultivated Asiatic primrose
     subtype:  #Primula_auricula__auricula__bear's_ear  yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated
     subtype:  #polyanthus__Primula_polyantha  florists' primroses; considered a complex hybrid derived from oxlip, cowslip, and common primrose
  subtype:  #pimpernel  any of several plants of the genus Anagallis
     subtype:  #scarlet_pimpernel__scarletpimpernel__red_pimpernel__redpimpernel__poor_man's_weatherglass__Anagallis_arvensis  herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather
     subtype:  #bog_pimpernel__bogpimpernel__Anagallis_tenella  small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers
  subtype:  #sea_milkwort__seamilkwort__sea_trifoly__seatrifoly__black_saltwort__blacksaltwort__Glaux_maritima  a small fleshy herb common along North American seashores and in brackish marshes having pink or white flowers
  subtype:  #loosestrife  any of various herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lysimachia
     subtype:  #gooseneck_loosestrife__gooseneckloosestrife__Lysimachia_clethroides_Duby  a variety of the loosestrife herb
     subtype:  #yellow_pimpernel__Lysimachia_nemorum  trailing European evergreen with yellow flowers
     subtype:  #fringed_loosestrife__fringedloosestrife__Lysimachia_ciliatum  of North America
     subtype:  #moneywort__creepingjenny__creeping_Charlie__Lysimachia_nummularia  a loosestrife vine
     subtype:  #yellow_loosestrife__garden_loosestrife__Lysimachia_vulgaris  frequently considered a weed; Europe and Asia
     subtype:  #swamp_candles__swampcandle__lysimachiaterrestri  North American plant with spikes of yellow flowers, found in wet places
     subtype:  #whorled_loosestrife__whorledloosestrife__Lysimachia_quadrifolia  common North American yellow-flowered plant
  subtype:  #plumbago  any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago
  subtype:  #gramineous_plant__graminaceous_plant  cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and narrow long-bladed leaves
     subtype:  #grass__gras  narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
        subtype:  #beach_grass__beachgras  tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores
        subtype:  #bunchgrass__bunch_grass__bunchgras  any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States
        subtype:  #midgrass  any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone
        subtype:  #shortgrass  any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains
        subtype:  #sword_grass__swordgras  any of various grasses or sedges having sword-shaped leaves with sharp edges
        subtype:  #tallgrass__tallgras  any of various grasses that are tall and that flourish with abundant moisture
        subtype:  #goat_grass__Aegilops_triuncalis  European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
        subtype:  #wheatgrass  a grass of the genus Agropyron
           subtype:  #crested_wheatgrass__crested_wheat_grass__crestedwheatgras__fairwaycrestedwheatgras__Agropyron_cristatum  Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control
           subtype:  #dog_grass__doggras__couch_grass__couchgras__quackgrass__quack_grass__quackgras__quickgras__witch_grass__witchgrass__Agropyron_repens  European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed
           subtype:  #bearded_wheatgrass__Agropyron_subsecundum  a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes
           subtype:  #western_wheatgrass__bluestem_wheatgrass__Agropyron_smithii  valuable forage grass of western United States
           subtype:  #intermediate_wheatgrass__Agropyron_intermedium__Elymus_hispidus  Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder
           subtype:  #slender_wheatgrass__Agropyron_trachycaulum__Agropyron_pauciflorum__Elymus_trachycaulos  North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop
        subtype:  #bent_grass__bent__bentgrass__bentgras  grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
           subtype:  #velvet_bent_grass__velvet_bent__brown_bent__brownbent__Rhode_Island_bent__dog_bent__dogbent__Agrostis_canina  common grass with slender stems and narrow leaves
           subtype:  #cloud_grass__cloudgras__Agrostis_nebulosa  Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets
           subtype:  #creeping_bent__creeping_bentgrass__Agrostis_palustris  common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners
        subtype:  #broom_grass__broomgras  any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
           subtype:  #broom_sedge__broomsedge__Andropogon_virginicus  tall tufted grass of southeastern United States
           subtype:  #broom_beard_grass__broombeardgras__prairiegras__wiregras__andropogonscopariu__Schizachyrium_scoparium  handsome hardy North American grass with foliage turning pale bronze in autumn
        subtype:  #tall_oat_grass__tall_meadow_grass__evergreen_grass__evergreengras__false_oat__falseoat__French_rye__Arrhenatherum_elatius  coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
        subtype:  #brome__bromegrass  any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
           subtype:  #awnless_bromegrass__Bromus_inermis  drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia
           subtype:  #chess__ches__Bromus_secalinus  weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
           subtype:  #downy_brome__downybrome__downy_bromegrass__downy_cheat__downycheat__downy_chess__downyches__cheatgrass__drooping_brome__Bromus_tectorum  annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean
           subtype:  #field_brome__fieldbrome__Bromus_arvensis  annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia
           subtype:  #Japanese_brome__Japanese_chess__Bromus_japonicus  grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia
        subtype:  #grama_grass__gramagras__grama__gramma__gramma_grass  pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America
           subtype:  #blue_grama__Bouteloua_gracilis  of western North America
           subtype:  #black_grama__Bouteloua_eriopoda  especially of western coastal regions of North America
        subtype:  #buffalo_grass__buffalogras__Buchloe_dactyloides  short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
        subtype:  #reed_grass  any of various tall perennial grasses of the genus Calamagrostis having feathery plumes; natives of marshland fens and wet woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
           subtype:  #feather_reed_grass__feathertop__Calamagrostis_acutiflora  a variety of reed grass
           subtype:  #Australian_reed_grass__Calamagrostic_quadriseta  tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay
        subtype:  #burgrass__bur_grass__burgras  a grass of the genus Cenchrus
           subtype:  #buffel_grass__Cenchrus_ciliaris__Pennisetum_cenchroides  erect tussock-forming perennial bur grass used in especially in South Africa and Australia for pasture and forage
        subtype:  #field_sandbur__fieldsandbur__sandbur__Cenchrus_tribuloides  grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
        subtype:  #finger_grass  any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils
           subtype:  #Rhodes_grass__Chloris_gayana  perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions
           subtype:  #creeping_windmill_grass__windmill_grass__star_grass__Chloris_truncata  perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill
        subtype:  #pampas_grass__Cortaderia_selloana  tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
        subtype:  #plumed_tussock__toe_toe__toetoe__Cortaderia_richardii__Arundo_richardii  tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads
        subtype:  #Bermuda_grass__devil_grass__Bahama_grass__kweek__scutch_grass__star_grass__Cynodon_dactylon  trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
        subtype:  #giant_star_grass__Cynodon_plectostachyum  perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
        subtype:  #orchard_grass__orchardgras__cocksfoot__cockspur__Dactylis_glomerata  widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass
        subtype:  #crabgrass__crabgras__crabgras__fingergras  grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
           subtype:  #Egyptian_grass__crowfoot_grass__Dactyloctenium_aegypticum  a creeping grass with spikes like fingers
           subtype:  #smooth_crabgrass__Digitaria_ischaemum  a weed
           subtype:  #large_crabgrass__largecrabgras__hairy_finger_grass__Digitaria_sanguinalis  a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States
        subtype:  #lyme_grass  a grass of the genus Elymus
           subtype:  #giant_ryegrass__Elymus_condensatus__Leymus_condensatus  stout perennial grass of western North America
           subtype:  #sea_lyme_grass__European_dune_grass__Elymus_arenarius__Leymus_arenaria  a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder
        subtype:  #wild_rye  any of several grasses of the genus Elymus
           subtype:  #Canada_wild_rye__Elymus_canadensis  North American wild rye
           subtype:  #Elymus_caput-medusae__medusa's_head  weedy rye grass having long bristling awns
        subtype:  #love_grass__bay_grass__baygras  any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; useful especially for forage and prevention of erosion
           subtype:  #teff_grass__teff__Eragrostis_tef__Eragrostic_abyssinica  an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flower of good quality) as well as for forage and hay
           subtype:  #weeping_love_grass__African_love_grass__Eragrostis_curvula  perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control
        subtype:  #plume_grass__plumegras  a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes
           subtype:  #Ravenna_grass__wool_grass__Erianthus_ravennae  grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
        subtype:  #meadow_fescue__fescue__fescue_grass__Festuca_elatior  grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
        subtype:  #sheep_fescue__sheepfescue__sheep's_fescue__sheep'sfescue__Festuca_ovina  cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
        subtype:  #silver_grass  of Australia and New Zealand
        subtype:  #velvet_grass__Yorkshire_fog__Holcus_lanatus  tall European perennial grass having a velvety stem; naturalized in United States and used for forage
        subtype:  #creeping_soft_grass__Holcus_mollis  European perennial grass with soft velvety foliage
        subtype:  #rye_grass__ryegras__ryegrass  any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses
           subtype:  #perennial_ryegrass__English_ryegrass__Lolium_perenne  European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass
           subtype:  #Italian_ryegrass__Italian_rye__Lolium_multiflorum  European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure
           subtype:  #bearded_darnel__beardeddarnel__darnel__tare__cheat__Lolium_temulentum  weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous
        subtype:  #nimblewill__nimble_Will__Muhlenbergia_schreberi  slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States
        subtype:  #dallisgrass__dallisgras__dallisgras__Paspalum_dilatatum  tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States
        subtype:  #Bahia_grass__Paspalum_notatum  perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of Gulf states
        subtype:  #knotgrass__knotgras__paspalumdistichum  low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems
        subtype:  #fountain_grass__Pennisetum_ruppelii__Pennisetum_setaceum  tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia
        subtype:  #feathertop_grass__feathertop__Pennistum_villosum  northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles
        subtype:  #reed_canary_grass__gardener's_garters__lady's_laces__ribbon_grass__Phalaris_arundinacea  perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America
        subtype:  #canary_grass__birdseed_grass__Phalaris_canariensis  Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds
        subtype:  #hardinggrass__Harding_grass__toowomba_canary_grass__Phalaris_aquatica__Phalaris_tuberosa  perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass
        subtype:  #herd's_grass__timothy__Phleum_pratense  grass with long cylindrical spikes frown in northern United States and Europe for hay
        subtype:  #blue_grass__bluegrass__bluegras  any of various grasses of the genus Poa
           subtype:  #Kentucky_bluegrass__Kentucky_blue__Kentucy_blue_grass__June_grass__Poa_pratensis  valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures
        subtype:  #meadowgrass__meadow_grass  any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture
           subtype:  #foxtail__foxtail_grass__foxtailgras  grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes
              subtype:  #meadow_foxtail__Alopecurus_pratensis  stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
              subtype:  #bristlegrass__bristle_grass__bristlegras  grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
              subtype:  #giant_foxtail__giantfoxtail  two species of coarse annual foxtails that are naturalized weeds in United States
              subtype:  #yellow_bristlegrass__yellow_bristle_grass__yellow_foxtail__glaucous_bristlegrass__Setaria_glauca  common weedy and bristly grass found in nearly all temperate areas
              subtype:  #green_bristlegrass__green_foxtail__greenfoxtail__rough_bristlegrass__bottlegrass__bottlegras__bottlegras__setariaviridi  European foxtail naturalized in North America; often a troublesome weed
              subtype:  #foxtail_millet__foxtailmillet__Italian_millet__Hungarian_grass__Setaria_italica  coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States
                 subtype:  #Siberian_millet__Setaria_italica_rubrofructa  millet having orange to reddish grains in long bristly spikes
                 subtype:  #German_millet__golden_wonder_millet__Setaria_italica_stramineofructa  millet having yellow grains in large drooping spikes
           subtype:  #manna_grass__mannagras__sweet_grass__sweetgras  any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor
              subtype:  #reed_meadow_grass__Glyceria_grandis  a pasture grass of moist places throughout North America
           subtype:  #wood_meadowgrass__Poa_nemoralis__Agrostis_alba  slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia
        subtype:  #munj__munja__Saccharum_bengalense__Saccharum_munja  tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets
        subtype:  #bluestem__blue_stem__Andropogon_furcatus__Andropogon_gerardii  tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States
        subtype:  #cordgrass__cordgras__cordgras  any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
           subtype:  #salt_reed_grass__Spartina_cynosuroides  tall reedlike grass common in salt meadows
           subtype:  #prairie_cordgrass__prairiecordgras__freshwater_cordgrass__slough_grass__Spartina_pectinmata  North American cordgrass having leaves with dry membranous margins and glumes with long awns
        subtype:  #dropseed  a grass of the genus Sporobolus
           subtype:  #smut_grass__blackseed__carpet_grass__Sporobolus_poiretii  grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus
           subtype:  #sand_dropseed__Sporobolus_cryptandrus  erect smooth grass of sandy places in eastern North America
        subtype:  #rushgrass__rushgras  grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles
        subtype:  #St._Augustine_grass__Stenotaphrum_secundatum__buffalo_grass__buffalogras  low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass
        subtype:  #cereal_grass__cereal  grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet
           subtype:  #oat  annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')
              subtype:  #cereal_oat__Avena_sativa  widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains
              subtype:  #wild_oat_grass__wild_oat__Avena_fatua  common in meadows and pastures
              subtype:  #slender_wild_oat__Avena_barbata  oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia
              subtype:  #wild_red_oat__animated_oat__Avene_sterilis  Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat
           subtype:  #barley  cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
              subtype:  #common_barley__Hordeum_vulgare  grass yielding grain used for for breakfast food, animal feed and in malt beverages
              subtype:  #barley_grass__wall_barley__Hordeum_murinum  European annual grass often found as a weed in waste ground especially along roadsides and hedgerows
              subtype:  #squirreltail_barley__foxtail_barley__foxtailbarley__squirreltail_grass__Hordeum_jubatum  barley grown for its highly ornamental flower heads with delicate long silky awns; North America and northeastern Asia
              subtype:  #little_barley__Hordeum_pusillum  annual barley native to western North America and widespread in southern United States and tropical America
           subtype:  #rice.cereal_grass  annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper
              subtype:  #cultivated_rice__Oryza_sativa  yields the staple food of 50 percent of world's population
           subtype:  #ricegrass__ricegras__ricegras  any grass of the genus Oryzopsis
              subtype:  #mountain_rice__silkgrass__silkgras__silkgras__indianmillet__Oryzopsis_hymenoides  valuable forage grass of dry upland areas and plains of western North America to northern Mexico
              subtype:  #smilo_grass__smilogras__smilo__Oryzopsis_miliacea  perennial mountain rice native to Mediterranean region and introduced into North America
           subtype:  #pearl_millet__pearlmillet__bulrush_millet__bulrushmillet__cattail_millet__cattailmillet__Pennisetum_glaucum__Pennisetum_Americanum  tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer
           subtype:  #Secale_cereale__rye  hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement
           subtype:  #millet  any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
              subtype:  #barnyard_grass__barn_grass__barn_millet__Echinochloa_crusgalli  a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
              subtype:  #Japanese_millet__billion-dollar_grass__Japanese_barnyard_millet__sanwa_millet__sanwamillet__Echinochloa_frumentacea  coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States
              subtype:  #yardgrass__yardgras__yardgras__wiregras__goosegras__Eleusine_indica  coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
              subtype:  #finger_millet__ragi__ragee__African_millet__coracan__corakan__kurakkan__Eleusine_coracana  East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
              subtype:  #panic_grass__panicgras  any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder
                 subtype:  #old_witchgrass__witchgrass__witch_grass__old_witch_grass__oldwitchgras__tumblegras__panicumcapillare  North American grass with slender brushy panicles; often a weed on cultivated land
                 subtype:  #switch_grass__Panicum_virgatum  grass of western America used for hay
                 subtype:  #broomcorn_millet__broomcornmillet__millet__hog_millet__hogmillet__Panicum_miliaceum  extensively cultivated in Europe and Asia for its grain and in United States sometimes for forage
                 subtype:  #Texas_millet__goose_grass__goosegras__Panicum_Texanum  annual weedy grass used for hay
              subtype:  #sorghum  economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
                 subtype:  #great_millet__greatmillet__kaffir__kafir_corn__kafircorn__kaffir_corn__Sorghum_bicolor  important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves
                 subtype:  #grain_sorghum__grainsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grain
                    subtype:  #durra__doura__dourah__Egyptian_corn__Indian_millet__Guinea_corn  sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa
                    subtype:  #feterita__federita__Sorghum_vulgare_caudatum  a Sudanese sorghum having exceptionally large soft white grains
                    subtype:  #hegari  Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety grown in southwestern United States
                    subtype:  #kaoliang  sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)
                    subtype:  #milo_maize__milo  small drought-resistant sorghums having large yellow or whitish grains
                    subtype:  #shallu__Sorghum_vulgare_rosburghii  sorghum having slender dry stalks and small hard grains; introduced into United States from India
                 subtype:  #sorgo__sorgho__sweet_sorghum__sweetsorghum__sugar_sorghum__sugarsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrup
                 subtype:  #Johnson_grass__Aleppa_grass__means_grass__meansgras__evergreen_millet__evergreenmillet__Sorghum_halepense__Sorghum_halapense  tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated land
                 subtype:  #broomcorn__Sorghum_vulgare_technicum  tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes
           subtype:  #wheat__corn  annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains
              subtype:  #Triticum_durum__durum__durum_wheat__durumwheat__hard_wheat__Triticum_turgidum__maccaroni_wheat__maccaroniwheat  wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America
              subtype:  #soft_wheat  wheat with soft starch kernels used in pastry and breakfast cereals
              subtype:  #common_wheat__Triticum_aestivum  widely cultivated in temperate regions in many varieties for its commercially important grain
              subtype:  #spelt__Triticum_spelta__Triticum_aestivum_spelta  hardy wheat grown mostly in Europe for livestock feed
              subtype:  #emmer__starchwheat__two-grain_spelt__twograinspelt__Triticum_dicoccum  hard red wheat grown especially in Russia and Germany; in United States as stock feed
              subtype:  #wild_wheat__wild_emmer__Triticum_dicoccum_dicoccoides  found wild in Palestine; held to be prototype of cultivated wheat
           subtype:  #Indian_corn__corn__maize__Zea_mays  tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times
              subtype:  #field_corn__fieldcorn  corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain
                 subtype:  #dent_corn__Zea_mays_indentata  corn whose kernels contain both hard and soft starch and become indented at maturity
                 subtype:  #flint_corn__flintcorn__flint_maize__flintmaize__Yankee_corn__Zea_mays_indurata  corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm
                 subtype:  #soft_corn__flour_corn__flourcorn__squaw_corn__squawcorn__Zea_mays_amylacea  corn having kernels almost entirely of soft starch
              subtype:  #sweet_corn_plant__sweet_corn__sweetcorn__sugar_corn__sugarcorn__green_corn__greencorn__Zea_mays_rugosa__Zea_saccharata  corn whose young ears are sweet and suitable for eating as a vegetable
              subtype:  #Zea_mays_everta__popcorn  corn having small ears and kernels that burst when exposed to dry heat
           subtype:  #wild_rice__Zizania_aquatica  perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food
        subtype:  #zoysia  any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia
           subtype:  #Manila_grass__Japanese_carpet_grass__Zoysia_matrella  lawn grass common in the Philippines; grown also in United States
           subtype:  #Korean_lawn_grass__Japanese_lawn_grass__Zoysia_japonica  lawn grass common in China and Japan; grown also in United States
           subtype:  #mascarene_grass__mascarenegras__Korean_velvet_grass__Zoysia_tenuifolia  Asiatic creeping perennial grass; introduced in southern United States as a drought-resistant lawn grass
     subtype:  #Saccharum_officinarum__sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane  tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
        subtype:  #noble_cane__noblecane  sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content
     subtype:  #reed.gramineous_plant  tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites
        subtype:  #toetoe__toitoi__Arundo_conspicua__Chionochloa_conspicua  used by Maoris for thatching
        subtype:  #giant_reed__giantreed__Arundo_donax  large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large gray-white feathery panicles
        subtype:  #ditch_reed__ditchreed__common_reed__carrizo__Phragmites_communis  tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts
     subtype:  #bamboo  woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
        subtype:  #common_bamboo__Bambusa_vulgaris  extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
        subtype:  #giant_cane__giantcane__cane_reed__Arundinaria_gigantea  tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
        subtype:  #small_cane__smallcane__switch_cane__Arundinaria_tecta  small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
        subtype:  #giant_bamboo__giantbamboo__kyo-chiku__kyochiku__Dendrocalamus_giganteus  immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
        subtype:  #fishpole_bamboo__gosan-chiku__gosanchiku__hotei-chiku__hoteichiku__Phyllostachys_aurea  small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young
        subtype:  #black_bamboo__blackbamboo__kuri-chiku__Phyllostachys_nigra  small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black
        subtype:  #giant_timber_bamboo__madake__ku-chiku__Phyllostachys_bambusoides  large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely brown elsewhere
  subtype:  #herbage__pasturage  succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land
  subtype:  #bur_reed__burreed  marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit
  subtype:  #lobelia  any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia
     subtype:  #cardinal_flower__Indian_pink__Lobelia_cardinalis  North American lobelia having brilliant red flowers
     subtype:  #Indian_tobacco__bladderpod__Lobelia_inflata  North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic
     subtype:  #water_lobelia__waterlobelia__Lobelia_dortmanna  erect perennial aquatic herb of Europe and North America having submerged spongy leaves and pendulous racemes of blue flowers above the water
     subtype:  #great_lobelia__greatlobelia__blue_cardinal_flower__Lobelia_siphilitica  tall erect and very leafy perennial herb of eastern North America having dense spikes of blue flowers
  subtype:  #okra_plant__okra__gumbo__lady's-finger__Abelmoschus_esculentus__Hibiscus_esculentus  tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
  subtype:  #vegetable  any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
     subtype:  #common_beet__beet__Beta_vulgaris  biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
        subtype:  #beetroot__Beta_vulgaris_rubra  beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
        subtype:  #chard_plant__chard__swisschard__spinach_beet__spinachbeet__leafbeet__Beta_vulgaris_cicla  beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks
        subtype:  #mangold-wurzel__mangoldwurzel__mangel-wurzel__mangold__betavulgarisvulgari  beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed
        subtype:  #sugar_beet.common_beet__sugarbeet  form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained
     subtype:  #prickly-seeded_spinach__spinach__spinachplant__Spinacia_oleracea  southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves
     subtype:  #artichoke_plant__artichokeplant__artichoke__globe_artichoke__globeartichoke__Cynara_scolymus  Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head
     subtype:  #Cynara_cardunculus__cardoon  southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots
  subtype:  #simple  (archaic) any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties
  subtype:  #galax__galaxy__cold's_foot__wandflower__beetleweed__Galax_urceolata  tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
  subtype:  #wintergreen__pyrola  any of several evergreen perennials of the genus Pyrola
     subtype:  #false_wintergreen__falsewintergreen__Pyrola_americana__Pyrola_rotundifolia_americana  evergreen of eastern North America with leathery leaves and numerous white flowers
     subtype:  #lesser_wintergreen__Pyrola_minor  the common wintergreen having many-flowered racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; Europe and North America
     subtype:  #shinleaf__wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_elliptica  North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters
     subtype:  #wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_rotundifolia  evergreen with rounded leaves and very fragrant creamy-white flowers; widely distributed in northern parts of Old and New Worlds
  subtype:  #pipsissewa__prince's_pine  any of several plants of the genus Chimaphila
     subtype:  #love-in-winter__western_prince's_pine__Chimaphila_umbellata__Chimaphila_corymbosa  Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb
  subtype:  #one-flowered_wintergreen__one-flowered_pyrola__Moneses_uniflora__Pyrola_uniflora  delicate evergreen dwarf herb of north temperate regions having a solitary white terminal flower; sometimes placed in genus Pyrola
  subtype:  #American_columbo__columbo__deer's-ear__deer's-ears__pyramid_plant__pyramidplant__American_gentian  any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of the United States Pacific states
  subtype:  #green_gentian__greengentian__Frasera_speciosa__Swertia_speciosa  tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia
  subtype:  #marsh_felwort__marshfelwort__Swertia_perennia  perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers
  subtype:  #bloodwort  any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter
  subtype:  #kangaroo_paw__kangaroo's-foot__kangaroo-foot_plant__Australian_sword_lily__Anigozanthus_manglesii  sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia
  subtype:  #willowherb  a plant of the genus Epilobium having pink or yellow flowers and seeds with silky hairs
     subtype:  #fireweed__giant_willowherb__giantwillowherb__rosebay_willowherb__rosebaywillowherb__wickup__Epilobium_angustifolium  tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant
     subtype:  #hairy_willowherb__hairywillowherb__codlins-and-cream__codlinsandcream__Epilobium_hirsutum  plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America
  subtype:  #evening_primrose__eveningprimrose  any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
     subtype:  #enchanter's_nightshade__enchanter'snightshade  any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere
        subtype:  #Alpine_enchanter's_nightshade__Circaea_alpina  an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade
        subtype:  #Circaea_lutetiana  tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers
     subtype:  #common_evening_primrose__German_rampion__Oenothera_biennis  a coarse biennial of eastern North America with yellow flowers that open in the evening; naturalized in Europe
     subtype:  #sundrops__Oenothera_fruticosa  a day-flowering biennial or perennial of the genus Oenothera
     subtype:  #Missouri_primrose__Ozark_sundrops__Oenothera_macrocarpa  evening-opening primrose of south central United States
  subtype:  #canna  any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
     subtype:  #canna_lily__cannalily__Canna_generalis  plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers
     subtype:  #achira__indian_shot__arrowroot__cannaindica__cannaeduli  canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained
  subtype:  #maranta  any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves
     subtype:  #American_arrowroot__arrowroot__obedienceplant__Maranta_arundinaceae  white-flowered West Indian plant whose root yields arrowroot starch
  subtype:  #banana_tree__banana  any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
     subtype:  #dwarf_banana__dwarfbanana__Musa_acuminata  low-growing Asian banana tree cultivated especially in the West Indies for its clusters of edible yellow fruit
     subtype:  #Japanese_banana__Musa_basjoo  Asiatic banana plant cultivated especially as a foliage plant in Japan
     subtype:  #plantain_tree__plantain__Musa_paradisiaca  a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics
     subtype:  #edible_banana__Musa_paradisiaca_sapientum  widely cultivated species of banana trees bearing compact hanging clusters of commercially important edible yellow fruit
     subtype:  #abaca__manilahemp__Musa_textilis  Philippine banana tree having leafstalks that yield Manila hemp used for rope and paper etc
  subtype:  #Abyssinian_banana__Ethiopian_banana__Ensete_ventricosum__Musa_ensete  large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
  subtype:  #Strelitzia_reginae__bird_of_paradise  ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird
  subtype:  #ginger  perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
     subtype:  #common_ginger__Canton_ginger__stem_ginger__Zingiber_officinale  tropical Asian plant widely cultivated for its pungent root; source of gingerroot and powdered ginger
     subtype:  #galangal__Alpinia_galanga  southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
     subtype:  #lesser_galangal__Alpinia_officinarum__Alpinia_officinalis  Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of rose-veined white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
     subtype:  #red_ginger__redginger__Alpinia_purpurata  an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
     subtype:  #shell_ginger__shellginger__shellflower__Alpinia_Zerumbet__Alpinia_speciosa__Languas_speciosa  cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with shell-pink shading and crinkled yellow lip with variegated magenta stripes
  subtype:  #Curcuma_longa__turmeric__Curcuma_domestica  widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
  subtype:  #grains_of_paradise__Guinea_grains__Guinea_pepper__melagueta_pepper__melaguetapepper__Aframomum_melegueta  West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
  subtype:  #cardamom__cardamon__Elettaria_cardamomum  rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
  subtype:  #reseda  any plant of the genus Reseda
     subtype:  #mignonette__sweet_reseda__sweetreseda__Reseda_odorata  Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance
     subtype:  #dyer's_rocket__dyer's_mignonette__weld__Reseda_luteola  European mignonette cultivated as a source of yellow dye; naturalized in North America
  subtype:  #viola  any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola
     subtype:  #violet  any of numerous low-growing small-flowered violas
        subtype:  #American_dog_violet__Viola_conspersa  violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers
        subtype:  #sweet_white_violet__sweetwhiteviolet__white_violet__whiteviolet__woodland_white_violet__Viola_blanda  short-stemmed violet of eastern North America having fragrant purple-veined white flowers
        subtype:  #Canada_violet__tall_white_violet__white_violet__whiteviolet__Viola_canadensis  tall North American perennial with heart-shaped leaves and purple-streaked white flowers
        subtype:  #dog_violet__dogviolet__heath_violet__heathviolet__Viola_canina  Old World leafy-stemmed blue-flowered violet
        subtype:  #two-eyed_violet__heartsease__Viola_ocellata  violet of Pacific coast of North America having white petals tinged with yellow and deep violet
        subtype:  #sweet_violet__sweetviolet__garden_violet__English_violet__Viola_odorata  European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized
        subtype:  #bird's-foot_violet__pansy_violet__pansyviolet__Johnny-jump-up__wood_violet__Viola_pedata  common violet of the eastern United States with large pale blue or purple flowers resembling pansies
        subtype:  #downy_yellow_violet__Viola_pubescens  violet of eastern North America having softly pubescent leaves and stems and clear yellow flowers with brown-purple veins
        subtype:  #long-spurred_violet__Viola_rostrata  violet of eastern North America having lilac-purple flowers with a long slender spur
        subtype:  #pale_violet__striped_violet__stripedviolet__cream_violet__creamviolet__violastriata  leafy-stemmed violet of eastern North America having large white or creamy flowers faintly marked with purple
        subtype:  #hedge_violet__hedgeviolet__wood_violet__Viola_sylvatica__Viola_reichenbachiana  common European violet that grows in woods and hedgerows
     subtype:  #field_pansy__fieldpansy__heartsease__Viola_arvensis  common Old World viola with creamy often violet-tinged flowers
     subtype:  #horned_violet__tufted_pansy__Viola_cornuta  European viola with an unusually long corolla spur
     subtype:  #Viola_tricolor_hortensis__pansy  large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors
     subtype:  #wild_pansy__Johnny-jump-up__heartsease__love-in-idleness__pink_of_my_John__Viola_tricolor  a common and long cultivated European herb from which most common garden pansies are derived
  subtype:  #false_nettle__falsenettle__bog_hemp__boghemp  any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs
     subtype:  #ramie__ramee__Chinese_silk_plant__China_grass__Boehmeria_nivea  tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
  subtype:  #pellitory-of-the-wall__wall_pellitory__pellitory__Parietaria_difussa  herb that grows in crevices having long narrow leaves and small pink apetalous flowers
  subtype:  #kniphofia__tritoma__flameflower  a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers
     subtype:  #poker_plant__Kniphofia_uvaria  clump-forming plant of South Africa with spikes of scarlet flowers
        subtype:  #red-hot_poker__redhotpoker__Kniphofia_praecox  widely cultivated hybrid poker plant
  subtype:  #edible_asparagus__asparagus__asparagu__Asparagus_officinales  plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
  subtype:  #asparagus_fern__asparagusfern__Asparagus_setaceous__Asparagus_plumosus  a fernlike plant native to South Africa
  subtype:  #aspidistra__cast-iron_plant__bar-room_plant__Aspidistra_elatio  evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
  subtype:  #climbing_onion__Bowiea_volubilis  much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large above-ground bulbs
  subtype:  #plantain_lily__day_lily__daylily  any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover
  subtype:  #herb_Paris__Paris_quadrifolia  European herb with yellow-green flowers resembling and closely related to the trilliums; reputed to be poisonous
  subtype:  #pia__indianarrowroot__Tacca_leontopetaloides__Tacca_pinnatifida  perennial herb of East India to Polynesia and Australia cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch
  subtype:  #flax  plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem
  subtype:  #wild_senna__Senna_marilandica__Cassia_marilandica  North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
  subtype:  #kidney_vetch__Anthyllis_vulneraria  perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders
  subtype:  #crotalaria__rattlebox  any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops
     subtype:  #American_rattlebox__Crotalaria_sagitallis  tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle
     subtype:  #Indian_rattlebox__Crotalaria_spectabilis  erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India
  subtype:  #prairie_mimosa__prairiemimosa__prickle-weed__prickleweed__Desmanthus_ilinoensis  perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers
  subtype:  #goat_rue__goat's_rue__Galega_officinalis  tall bushy European perennial grown for its masses of light-textured pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally
  subtype:  #Glycyrrhiza_glabra__licorice__liquorice  deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots
  subtype:  #wild_licorice__wild_liquorice__American_licorice__American_liquorice__Glycyrrhiza_lepidota  North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties
  subtype:  #winged_pea__asparagus_pea__asparaguspea__Lotus_tetragonolobus  sprawling European annual having a 4-winged edible pod
  subtype:  #medic__medick__trefoil  any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves
     subtype:  #moon_trefoil__Medicago_arborea  evergreen shrub of southern European highlands having downy foliage and a succession of yellow flowers throughout the summer followed by curious snail-shaped pods
     subtype:  #sickle_alfalfa__sickle_lucerne__sickle_medick__Medicago_falcata  European medic naturalized in North America having yellow flowers and sickle-shaped pods
     subtype:  #Calvary_clover__Medicago_intertexta__Medicago_echinus  an annual of the Mediterranean area having spiny seed pods and leaves with dark spots
     subtype:  #black_medick__blackmedick__hop_clover__hopclover__yellow_trefoil__nonesuch_clover__Medicago_lupulina  prostrate European herb with small yellow flowers and curved black pods; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  #lucerne__alfalfa__Medicago_sativa  important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop
  subtype:  #sainfoin__sanfoin__holy_clover__esparcet__Onobrychis_viciifolia__Onobrychis_viciaefolia  Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain
  subtype:  #shamrock_pea__Parochetus_communis  trailing trifoliate Asiatic and African herb having cobalt blue flowers
  subtype:  #Indian_breadroot__breadroot__pomme_blanche__pommeblanche__pomme_de_prairie__Psoralea_esculenta  densely hairy perennial of central North America having edible tuberous roots
  subtype:  #bush_pea  any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers
     subtype:  #false_lupine__falselupine__golden_pea__yellow_pea__Thermopsis_macrophylla  western United States bushy herb having yellow pealike flowers
     subtype:  #Carolina_lupine__Thermopsis_villosa  eastern United States bush pea
  subtype:  #bird's_foot_trefoil__Trigonella_ornithopodioides  Old World herb related to fenugreek
  subtype:  #fenugreek__Greek_clover__Trigonella_foenumgraecum  annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry
  subtype:  #plantain  any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally
     subtype:  #English_plantain__narrow-leaved_plantain__ribgrass__ribwort__ripple-grass__buckthorn__Plantago_lanceolata  an Old World plantain with long narrow ribbed leaves widely established in temperate regions
     subtype:  #broad-leaved_plantain__common_plantain__white-man's_foot__whiteman'sfoot__whiteman's_foot__cart-track_plant__Plantago_major  common European perennial naturalized worldwide; a troublesome weed
     subtype:  #Plantago_media__hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain  widely distributed Old World perennial naturalized in North America having finely hairy leaves and inconspicuous white fragrant flowers
     subtype:  #fleawort__psyllium__Spanish_psyllium__Plantago_psyllium  plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative
     subtype:  #rugel's_plantain__rugel'splantain__broad-leaved_plantain__Plantago_rugelii  North American plantain having reddish leafstalks and broad leaves
     subtype:  #hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain__Plantago_virginica  North American annual or biennial with long soft hairs on the leaves
  subtype:  #Polygonum_fagopyrum__buckwheat__Fagopyrum_esculentum  or member of genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour
  subtype:  #rhubarb_plant__rhubarbplant__rhubarb  plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous
     subtype:  #Himalayan_rhubarb__Indian_rhubarb__red-veined_pie_plant__Rheum_australe__Rheum_emodi  Asian herb (Himalayas)
     subtype:  #pie_plant__pieplant__garden_rhubarb__Rheum_cultorum__Rheum_rhabarbarum__Rheum_rhaponticum  long-cultivated hybrid of Rheum palmatum; stems often cooked in pies or as sauce or preserves
     subtype:  #Chinese_rhubarb__Rheum_palmatum  long used for laxative properties
  subtype:  #sour_grass__dock__sorrel  any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
     subtype:  #sour_dock__garden_sorrel__Rumex_acetosa  European sorrel with large slightly acidic sagittate leaves grown throughout north temperate zone for salad and spring greens
     subtype:  #sheep_sorrel__sheepsorrel__sheep's_sorrel__sheep'ssorrel__Rumex_acetosella  small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places
     subtype:  #bitter_dock__broad-leaved_dock__yellow_dock__Rumex_obtusifolius  European dock with broad obtuse leaves and bitter rootstock common as a weed in North America
     subtype:  #garden_sorrel__French_sorrel__Rumex_scutatus  low perennial with small silvery-green ovate to hastate leaves
  subtype:  #spiderwort__dayflower  any plant of the family Commelinaceae
     subtype:  #St.-Bruno's-lily__Paradisea_liliastrum  a variety of spiderwort
  subtype:  #pineapple_plant__pineappleplant__pineapple__Ananas_comosus  a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
  subtype:  #agrimonia__agrimony  a plant of the genus Agrimony having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers
     subtype:  #harvest-lice__harvestlice__Agrimonia_eupatoria  erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats
     subtype:  #fragrant_agrimony__Agrimonia_procera  fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils
  subtype:  #strawberry  any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry
     subtype:  #garden_strawberry__cultivated_strawberry__Fragaria_ananassa  widely cultivated
     subtype:  #wild_strawberry__wood_strawberry__Fragaria_vesca  Europe
     subtype:  #beach_strawberry__beachstrawberry__Chilean_strawberry__Fragaria_chiloensis  wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries
     subtype:  #Virginia_strawberry__scarlet_strawberry__scarletstrawberry__Fragaria_virginiana  North American wild strawberry with sweet scarlet fruit; a source of many cultivated strawberries
  subtype:  #burnet_bloodwort__salad_burnet__saladburnet__Poterium_sanguisorba  European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads
  subtype:  #bedstraw  any of several plants of the genus Galium
     subtype:  #fragrant_bedstraw__sweet_woodruff__sweetwoodruff__waldmeister__woodruff__Galium_odoratum__Asperula_odorata  Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula
     subtype:  #Northern_bedstraw__Northern_snow_bedstraw__Galium_boreale  North American stoloniferous perennial having white flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
     subtype:  #yellow_bedstraw__yellow_cleavers__Our_Lady's_bedstraw__Galium_verum  common yellow-flowered perennial bedstraw; North America and Europe and Asia
     subtype:  #Galium_lanceolatum__wild_licorice  bedstraw with sweetish roots
     subtype:  #spring_cleavers__cleavers__clivers__cliver__goose_grass__goosegras__catchweed__Galium_aparine  annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia
     subtype:  #wild_madder__white_madder__whitemadder__white_bedstraw__whitebedstraw__infant's-breath__false_baby's_breath__Galium_mollugo  Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America
  subtype:  #feverroot__horse_gentian__horsegentian__tinker's_root__wild_coffee__Triostium_perfoliatum  coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers
  subtype:  #teasel__teazel__teasle  any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
     subtype:  #common_teasel__Dipsacus_fullonum  teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth
     subtype:  #fuller's_teasel__Dipsacus_sativus  similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  #wild_teasel__Dipsacus_sylvestris  European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #jewelweed__lady's_earrings__orange_balsam__celandine__touchmenot__Impatiens_capensis  North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil
  subtype:  #geranium  any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae
     subtype:  #cranesbill__crane's_bill__crane'sbill  any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium
        subtype:  #wild_geranium__spotted_cranesbill__spottedcranesbill__Geranium_maculatum  common wild geranium of eastern North America with deeply parted leaves and rose-purple flowers
        subtype:  #meadow_cranesbill__Geranium_pratense  tall perennial cranesbill with paired violet-blue axillary flowers; native to northern parts of Old World and naturalized in North America
        subtype:  #Richardson's_geranium__Geranium_richardsonii  geranium of western North America having branched clusters of white or pale pink flowers
        subtype:  #herb_robert__herbs_robert__herbsrobert__herb_roberts__Geranium_robertianum  a sticky low herb with small reddish-purple flowers; widespread in the northern hemisphere
        subtype:  #sticky_geranium__Geranium_viscosissimum  geranium of western North America having pinkish-purple flowers in open clusters
        subtype:  #dove's_foot_geranium__Geranium_molle  western geranium with small pink flowers; a common weed on lawns and in vacant lots
     subtype:  #rose_geranium__sweet-scented_geranium__sweetscentedgeranium__Pelargonium_graveolens  any of several southern African geraniums having fragrant 3- to 5-lobed leaves and pink flowers
     subtype:  #fish_geranium__bedding_geranium__beddinggeranium__zonal_pelargonium__zonalpelargonium__Pelargonium_hortorum  an upright geranium having scalloped leaves with a broad color zone inside the margin and white or pink or red flowers
     subtype:  #ivy_geranium__ivygeranium__ivy-leaved_geranium__hanging_geranium__hanginggeranium__Pelargonium_peltatum  a commonly cultivated trailing South American plant with peltate leaves and rosy flowers
     subtype:  #apple_geranium__applegeranium__nutmet_geranium__Pelargonium_odoratissimum  geranium with round fragrant leaves and small white flowers
     subtype:  #lemon_geranium__lemongeranium__Pelargonium_limoneum  a common garden geranium with lemon-scented foliage
     subtype:  #storksbill__heron's_bill__heron'sbill  any of various plants of the genus Erodium
        subtype:  #redstem_storksbill__redstemstorksbill__alfilaria__alfileria__filaree__clocks__pin_grass__pingras__pin_clover__pinclover__Erodium_cicutarium  European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
        subtype:  #musk_clover__muskus_grass__white-stemmed_filaree__whitestemmedfilaree__Erodium_moschatum  low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria
        subtype:  #Texas_storksbill__Erodium_texanum  of prairies and desert areas of southwestern United States and Mexico
  subtype:  #oxalis__sorrel__wood_sorrel  any plant or flower of the genus Oxalis
     subtype:  #common_wood_sorrel__cuckoo_bread__shamrock__Oxalis_acetosella  Eurasian plant with heart-shaped trifoliate leaves and white pink- or purple-veined flowers
     subtype:  #Bermuda_buttercup__English-weed__Oxalis_pes-caprae__Oxalis_cernua  South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers
     subtype:  #creeping_oxalis__creeping_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_corniculata  creeping much-branched mat-forming weed; cosmopolitan
     subtype:  #goatsfoot__goat's_foot__Oxalis_caprina  short-stemmed South African plant with bluish flowers
     subtype:  #violet_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_violacea  perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers
     subtype:  #oca__oka__Oxalis_tuberosa__Oxalis_crenata  South American wood sorrel cultivated for its edible tubers
  subtype:  #herb_of_grace__rue__rutagraveolen  European strong-scented perennial herb with gray-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy
  subtype:  #fraxinella__dittany__burning_bush__burningbush__gas_plant__gasplant__Dictamnus_alba  Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather
  subtype:  #nasturtium  any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers
     subtype:  #garden_nasturtium__Indian_cress__Tropaeolum_majus  strong-growing annual climber having large flowers of all shades of orange from orange-red to yellowish orange and seeds that are pickled and used like capers
     subtype:  #bush_nasturtium__Tropaeolum_minus  annual with deep yellow flowers smaller than the common garden nasturtium
     subtype:  #canarybird_flower__canarybird_vine__canary_creeper__Tropaeolum_peregrinum  a climber having canary-colored flowers
  subtype:  #carnivorous_plant__carnivorousplant  plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals
     subtype:  #pitcher_plant__pitcherplant  any of several insectivorous herbs of the order Sarraceniales
        subtype:  #common_pitcher_plant__huntsman's_cup__huntsman's_cups__Sarracenia_purpurea  perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland
        subtype:  #hooded_pitcher_plant__Sarracenia_minor  yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood
        subtype:  #huntsman's_horn__huntsman's_horns__yellow_trumpet__yellow_pitcher_plant__trumpets__Sarracenia_flava  pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect wide-mouth yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with erect lids
        subtype:  #California_pitcher_plant__Darlingtonia_californica  marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
        subtype:  #sun_pitcher__sunpitcher  any of several herbs of Guiana highlands having racemes of nodding white or pink flowers; trap and digest insects in pitcher-shaped leaves with spoon-shaped caps
        subtype:  #tropical_pitcher_plant  any of several tropical carnivorous shrubs or woody herbs of the genus Nepenthes
     subtype:  #sundew_plant__sundew__daily_dew__dailydew  any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
     subtype:  #Venus's_flytrap__Venus's_flytraps__Dionaea_muscipula  carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
     subtype:  #waterwheel_plant__Aldrovanda_vesiculosa  floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
     subtype:  #Drosophyllum_lusitanicum  perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
     subtype:  #roridula  either of 2 species of the genus Roridula; South African viscid perennial low-growing woody shrubs
     subtype:  #bladderwort  any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals
     subtype:  #butterwort  any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects
     subtype:  #genlisea  rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and trap-leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs
  subtype:  #Australian_pitcher_plant__Cephalotus_follicularis  carnivorous perennial herb having a red-brown-marked green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
  subtype:  #sedum  any of various plants of the genus Sedum
     subtype:  #stonecrop  any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers
        subtype:  #wall_pepper__Sedum_acre  mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover
     subtype:  #rose-root__midsummer-men__midsummermen__Sedum_rosea  Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers
     subtype:  #orpine__orpin__livelong__live-forever__Sedum_telephium  perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers
  subtype:  #saxifrage__breakstone__rockfoil  any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
     subtype:  #yellow_mountain_saxifrage__Saxifraga_aizoides  tufted evergreen perennial having ciliate leaves and yellow corymbose flowers often spotted orange
     subtype:  #meadow_saxifrage__fair-maids-of-France__Saxifraga_granulata  rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe
     subtype:  #mossy_saxifrage__mossysaxifrage__Saxifraga_hypnoides  tufted or mat-forming perennial of mountains of Europe; cultivated for its white flowers
     subtype:  #western_saxifrage__westernsaxifrage__Saxifraga_occidentalis  saxifrage having loose clusters of white flowers on hairy stems growing from a cluster of basal leaves; moist slopes of western North America
     subtype:  #purple_saxifrage__Saxifraga_oppositifolia  plants forming dense cushions with bright reddish-lavender flowers; rocky areas of Europe and Asia and western North America
     subtype:  #star_saxifrage__starry_saxifrage__Saxifraga_stellaris  small often mat-forming alpine plant having small starlike white flowers; Europe
     subtype:  #strawberry_geranium__strawberry_saxifrage__mother-of-thousands__Saxifraga_stolonifera__Saxifraga_sarmentosam  eastern Asiatic saxifrage with racemes of small red-and-white flowers; spreads by numerous creeping stolons
  subtype:  #astilbe  any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers
     subtype:  #false_goatsbeard__falsegoatsbeard__Astilbe_biternata  North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers
     subtype:  #dwarf_astilbe__dwarfastilbe__Astilbe_chinensis_pumila  mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover
     subtype:  #Astilbe_japonica__spirea__spiraea  a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming
  subtype:  #bergenia  any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms
  subtype:  #umbrella_plant__Indian_rhubarb__Darmera_peltata__Peltiphyllum_peltatum  rhizomatous perennial herb with large dramatic peltate leaves and white to bright pink flowers in round heads on leafless stems; colonizes stream banks in the California Sierra Nevada
  subtype:  #alumroot__alumbloom  any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera
     subtype:  #rock_geranium__Heuchera_americana  plant with basal leaves mottled with white and flowers in lax panicles on erect stems
     subtype:  #poker_alumroot__pokeralumroot__poker_heuchera__pokerheuchera__Heuchera_cylindrica  plant with leathery heart-shaped leaf blades clustered at base of long stalks with greenish-white flowers clustered along the upper part; western North America
     subtype:  #coralbells__Heuchera_sanguinea  perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental
  subtype:  #miterwort__mitrewort__bishop's_cap  any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter
     subtype:  #fairy_cup__fairycup__Mitella_diphylla  miterwort of northeastern North America usually with two opposite leaves on erect flowering stems that terminate in erect racemes of white flowers
     subtype:  #five-point_bishop's_cap__Mitella_pentandra  small plant with leaves in a basal cluster and tiny greenish flowers in slender racemes; northwestern North America to California and Colorado
  subtype:  #suksdorfia  any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles
     subtype:  #violet_suksdorfia__Suksdorfia_violaceae  slender delicate plant with wide roundish deeply lobed leaves and deep pink to violet funnel-shaped flowers; British Columbia to northern Oregon and west to Idaho and Montana
  subtype:  #foamflower__coolwart__false_miterwort__falsemiterwort__false_mitrewort__falsemitrewort__Tiarella_cordifolia  stoloniferous white-flowered spring-blooming woodland plant
  subtype:  #pickaback_plant__pickabackplant__piggyback_plant__piggybackplant__youth-on-age__Tolmiea_menziesii  vigorous perennial herb with flowers in erect racemes and having young plants develop at the junction of a leaf blade and the leafstalk
  subtype:  #polemonium  any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to arctic regions
     subtype:  #Jacob's_ladder__Greek_valerian__charity__Polemonium_caeruleum__Polemonium_van-bruntiae__Polymonium_caeruleum_van-bruntiae  pinnate-leaved European perennial having bright blue or white flowers
     subtype:  #Greek_valerian__Polemonium_reptans  erect or spreading perennial of the eastern United States
     subtype:  #northern_Jacob's_ladder__Polemonium_boreale  perennial erect herb with white flowers; circumboreal
     subtype:  #skunkweed__polemoniumviscosum  tall sticky-leaved herb of the Rocky Mountains having an offensive smell
  subtype:  #phlox  any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers
     subtype:  #chickweed_phlox__chickweedphlox__sand_phlox__Phlox_bifida__Phlox_stellaria  low mat-forming herb of rocky places in United States
     subtype:  #moss_pink__mountain_phlox__moss_phlox__dwarf_phlox__dwarfphlox__Phlox_subulata  low tufted perennial phlox with needlelike evergreen leaves and pink or white flowers; native to United States and widely cultivated as a ground cover
     subtype:  #ground_pink__fringed_pink__fringedpink__mosspink__Linanthus_dianthiflorus  low wiry-stemmed branching herb or southern California having fringed pink flowers
     subtype:  #evening-snow__eveningsnow__linanthusdichotomu  small California annual with white flowers
  subtype:  #acanthus  any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
     subtype:  #bear's_breech__bear's_breeches__sea_holly__seaholly__Acanthus_mollis  widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers
  subtype:  #tailwort__borage__Borago_officinalis  hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
  subtype:  #common_amsinckia__Amsinckia_intermedia  annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers
  subtype:  #large-flowered_fiddleneck__Amsinckia_grandiflora  annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species
  subtype:  #anchusa  any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #bugloss__alkanet__anchusaofficinali  perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers
     subtype:  #Anchusa_capensis__cape_forget-me-not  anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats
     subtype:  #cape_forget-me-not__Anchusa_riparia  anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers
  subtype:  #Chinese_forget-me-not__Cynoglossum_amabile  biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers
  subtype:  #Cynoglossum_officinale__hound's-tongue__hound'stongue  biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers
  subtype:  #hound's-tongue__hound'stongue__Cynoglossum_virginaticum  perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers
  subtype:  #blueweed__blue_devil__blue_thistle__viper's_bugloss__viper'sbuglos__Echium_vulgare  a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #stickweed  any of several herbaceous plants having seeds that cling to clothing
     subtype:  #beggar's_lice__beggar_lice  Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing
  subtype:  #gromwell__Lithospermum_officinale  European perennial branching plant; occurs in hedgerows and at the edge of woodlands
  subtype:  #puccoon__Lithospermum_caroliniense  perennial plant of eastern North America having hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
  subtype:  #hoary_puccoon__hoarypuccoon__paint_Indian__Lithospermum_canescens  perennial North American plant with grayish hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
  subtype:  #Virginia_bluebell__Virginia_cowslip__Mertensia_virginica  smooth erect herb of eastern North America having entire leaves and showy blue flowers that are pink in bud
  subtype:  #garden_forget-me-not__Myosotis_sylvatica  small biennial to perennial herb of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia having blue, purple or white flowers
  subtype:  #forget-me-not__mouse_ear__mouseear__Myosotis_scorpiodes__myosotisscorpiode  small perennial herb having bright blue or white flowers
  subtype:  #false_gromwell__falsegromwell  any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers
  subtype:  #comfrey  perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas
     subtype:  #common_comfrey__boneset__Symphytum_officinale  European herb having small white, pink or purple flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
  subtype:  #gesneria  any plant of the genus Gesneria
  subtype:  #waterleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hydrophyllum
     subtype:  #Virginia_waterleaf__Shawnee_salad__shawny__Indian_salad__John's_cabbage__Hydrophyllum_virginianum  showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States
  subtype:  #California_yellow_bells__yellow_bells__whispering_bells__Emmanthe_penduliflora  viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers
  subtype:  #nemophila  any plant of the genus Nemophila
     subtype:  #Nemophila_maculata__five-spot  California annual having white flowers with a deep purple blotch on each petal
  subtype:  #baby_blue-eyes__Nemophila_menziesii  delicate California annual having blue flowers marked with dark spots
  subtype:  #fiesta_flower__Pholistoma_auritum__Nemophila_aurita  straggling California annual herb with deep purple or violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Nemophila
  subtype:  #basil_thyme__basil_balm__basilbalm__mother_of_thyme__Acinos_arvensis__Satureja_acinos  fragrant European mint having clusters of small violet-and-white flowers; naturalized especially in eastern North America
  subtype:  #giant_hyssop__gianthyssop  any of a number of aromatic plants of the genus Agastache
     subtype:  #yellow_giant_hyssop__Agastache_nepetoides  erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States
     subtype:  #anise_hyssop__anisehyssop__Agastache_foeniculum  much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel
     subtype:  #Mexican_hyssop__Agastache_mexicana  erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers
  subtype:  #bugleweed__bugle  any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover
     subtype:  #creeping_bugle__Ajuga_reptans  low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States
     subtype:  #erect_bugle__erectbugle__blue_bugle__Ajuga_genevensis  upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe
     subtype:  #pyramid_bugle__pyramidbugle__Ajuga_pyramidalis  European evergreen carpeting perennial
     subtype:  #yellow_bugle__ground_pine__Ajuga_chamaepitys  low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa
  subtype:  #black_horehound__blackhorehound__black_archangel__blackarchangel__fetid_horehound__fetidhorehound__stinking_horehound__Ballota_nigra  ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers
  subtype:  #wood_mint  American herb of genus Blephilia with more or less hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or bluish flowers
     subtype:  #hairy_wood_mint__Blephilia_hirsuta  a variety of wood mint
     subtype:  #downy_wood_mint__Blephilia_celiata  a variety of wood mint
  subtype:  #calamint  perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America
     subtype:  #common_calamint__Calamintha_sylvatica__Satureja_calamintha_officinalis  mint-scented perennial of central and southern Europe
     subtype:  #large-flowered_calamint__Calamintha_grandiflora__Clinopodium_grandiflorum__Satureja_grandiflora  aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran
     subtype:  #lesser_calamint__field_balm__fieldbalm__calaminthanepeta__Calamintha_nepeta_glantulosa__Satureja_nepeta__Satureja_calamintha_glandulosa  low-growing strongly aromatic perennial herb of southern Europe to GB naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #wild_basil__cushion_calamint__cushioncalamint__Clinopodium_vulgare__Satureja_vulgaris  aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia
  subtype:  #horse_balm__horsebalm__horseweed__stoneroot__richweed__stone_root__stoneroot__Collinsonia_canadensis  erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States
  subtype:  #coleus__flame_nettle__flamenettle  any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers
     subtype:  #country_borage__countryborage__Coleus_aromaticus__Coleus_amboinicus__Plectranthus_amboinicus  an aromatic fleshy herb of India and Ceylon to South Africa; sometimes placed in genus Plectranthus
     subtype:  #painted_nettle__paintednettle__Joseph's_coat__Coleus_blumei__Solenostemon_blumei__Solenostemon_scutellarioides  perennial aromatic herb of southeastern Asia having large usually bright-colored or blotched leaves and spikes of blue-violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Solenostemon
  subtype:  #dragonhead__dragon's_head__Dracocephalum_parviflorum  American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of double-lipped blue to violet flowers
  subtype:  #elsholtzia  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes
  subtype:  #hemp_nettle__dead_nettle__Galeopsis_tetrahit  coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States
  subtype:  #American_pennyroyal__pennyroyal__Hedeoma_pulegioides  erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
  subtype:  #Hyssopus_officinalis__hyssop  a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil
  subtype:  #dead_nettle  any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips
     subtype:  #white_dead_nettle__Lamium_album  European dead nettle with white flowers
     subtype:  #henbit__Lamium_amplexicaule  Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers
  subtype:  #wilde_dagga__dagga__capedagga__red_dagga__reddagga__Leonotis_leonurus  relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco
  subtype:  #lion's-ear__Leonotis_nepetaefolia__Leonotis_nepetifolia  pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #motherwort__Leonurus_cardiaca  bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers
  subtype:  #Lycopus_virginicus__bugleweed  a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States
  subtype:  #water_horehound__waterhorehound__Lycopus_americanus  aromatic perennial herb of United States
  subtype:  #gipsywort__gypsywort__Lycopus_europaeus  hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers
  subtype:  #origanum  any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings
     subtype:  #pot_marjoram__potmarjoram__oregano__wild_marjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_vulgare  aromatic Eurasian perennial
     subtype:  #sweet_marjoram__sweetmarjoram__knotted_marjoram__knottedmarjoram__Origanum_majorana__Majorana_hortensis  aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe
     subtype:  #dittany_of_crete__cretan_dittany__crete_dittany__cretedittany__hop_marjoram__hopmarjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_dictamnus  dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete
  subtype:  #horehound.herbaceous_plant  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium
     subtype:  #common_horehound__white_horehound__whitehorehound__Marrubium_vulgare  European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring
  subtype:  #garden_balm__lemon_balm__lemonbalm__sweet_balm__sweetbalm__bee_balm__beebalm__Melissa_officinalis  bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America
  subtype:  #mint  any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
     subtype:  #corn_mint__field_mint__fieldmint__Mentha_arvensis  European mint naturalized in United States
     subtype:  #watermint__water_mint__watermint__Mentha_aquatica  a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America
     subtype:  #lemon_mint__lemonmint__bergamotmint__eau_de_cologne_mint__Mentha_citrata  mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange
     subtype:  #Mentha_longifolia__horsemint  a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States
     subtype:  #Mentha_piperita__peppermint  herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring
     subtype:  #spearmint__Mentha_spicata  common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring
     subtype:  #apple_mint__applemint__Mentha_rotundifolia__Mentha_suaveolens  mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States
     subtype:  #pennyroyal__Mentha_pulegium  Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil
  subtype:  #yerba_buena__yerbabuena__Micromeria_chamissonis__Micromeria_douglasii__Satureja_douglasii  trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally
  subtype:  #Micromeria_juliana__savory  dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
  subtype:  #molucca_balm__moluccabalm__bells_of_Ireland__Molucella_laevis  aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer- or bell-shaped calyx
  subtype:  #monarda__wild_bergamot  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda
     subtype:  #bergamot_mint__bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__oswego_tea__Monarda_didyma  perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads
     subtype:  #Monarda_punctata__horsemint  tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico
     subtype:  #bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__Monarda_fistulosa  perennial herb of North America
     subtype:  #horsemint__lemon_mint__lemonmint__monardacitriodora  an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico
     subtype:  #plains_lemon_monarda__Monarda_pectinata  annual of southern United States
     subtype:  #basil_balm__basilbalm__Monarda_clinopodia  perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls
  subtype:  #mustang_mint__mustangmint__Monardella_lanceolata  fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers
  subtype:  #catmint__catnip__Nepeta_cataria  hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats
  subtype:  #basil  any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
     subtype:  #common_basil__sweet_basil__Ocimum_basilicum  annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leave; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs
  subtype:  #beefsteak_plant__beefsteakplant__Perilla_frutescens_crispa  plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage
  subtype:  #physostegia  any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers
     subtype:  #false_dragonhead__falsedragonhead__false_dragon_head__obedient_plant__Physostegia_virginiana  North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers
  subtype:  #self-heal__heal_all__Prunella_vulgaris  decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America
  subtype:  #mountain_mint  any of a number of perennial herbs of the genus Pycnanthemum; eastern North America and California
     subtype:  #basil_mint__basilmint__Pycnanthemum_virginianum  perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised
  subtype:  #Rosmarinus_officinalis__rosemary  widely cultivated for its fragrant gray-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
  subtype:  #salvia__sage  any of various plants of the genus Salvia; cosmopolitan
     subtype:  #Salvia_azurea__blue_sage  blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States
     subtype:  #Salvia_clarea__clary_sage__clarysage  stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery
     subtype:  #mealy_sage__mealysage__blue_sage__Salvia_farinacea  Texas sage having intensely blue flowers
     subtype:  #blue_sage__Salvia_reflexa__Salvia_lancifolia  sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation
     subtype:  #purple_sage__chaparral_sage__chaparralsage__Salvia_leucophylla  silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers
     subtype:  #cancerweed__cancer_weed__Salvia_lyrata  sage of eastern United States
     subtype:  #common_sage__ramona__Salvia_officinalis  shrubby plant with aromatic grayish-green leaves used as a cooking herb
     subtype:  #meadow_clary__Salvia_pratensis  tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands
     subtype:  #clary__salviasclarea  aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in England as a potherb and widely as an ornamental
     subtype:  #pitcher_sage__pitchersage__salviaspathacea  California erect and sparsely branched perennial
     subtype:  #wild_sage__wild_clary__vervain_sage__vervainsage__Salvia_verbenaca  Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #savory  any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees
     subtype:  #summer_savory__Satureja_hortensis__Satureia_hortensis  erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere
     subtype:  #winter_savory__Satureja_montana__Satureia_montana  erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe
  subtype:  #blue_pimpernel__blue_skullcap__mad-dog_skullcap__maddogskullcap__mad-dog_weed__maddogweed__Scutellaria_lateriflora  an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic
  subtype:  #hedge_nettle__hedgenettle__dead_nettle__Stachys_sylvatica  foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome
  subtype:  #Stachys_palustris__hedge_nettle__hedgenettle  perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere
  subtype:  #thyme.herbaceous_plant  any of various mints of the genus Thymus
     subtype:  #common_thyme__Thymus_vulgaris  common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine
     subtype:  #wild_thyme__creeping_thyme__Thymus_serpyllum  aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States
  subtype:  #martynia__Martynia_annua  sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit
  subtype:  #sesame__benne__benni__benny__Sesamum_indicum  East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
  subtype:  #common_unicorn_plant__devil's_claw__devil'sclaw__common_devil's_claw__elephant-tusk__proboscis_flower__proboscisflower__ram's_horn__ram'shorn__Proboscidea_louisianica  annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak
  subtype:  #sand_devil's_claw__Proboscidea_arenaria__Martynia_arenaria  alternatively placed in genus Martynia
  subtype:  #sweet_unicorn_plant__Proboscidea_fragrans__Martynia_fragrans  a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea
  subtype:  #Aureolaria_pedicularia__false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Gerardia_pedicularia  multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
  subtype:  #false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Aureolaria_virginica__Gerardia_virginica  sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
  subtype:  #foxglove__digitalis__digitali  any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
     subtype:  #common_foxglove__fairy_bell__fairybell__fingerflower__fingerroot__Digitalis_purpurea  tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
     subtype:  #yellow_foxglove__straw_foxglove__strawfoxglove__Digitalis_lutea  European yellow-flowered foxglove
  subtype:  #mullein__flannel_leaf__flannelleaf__velvet_plant  any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
     subtype:  #moth_mullein__Verbascum_blattaria  European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
     subtype:  #white_mullein__whitemullein__Verbascum_lychnitis  densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America
     subtype:  #purple_mullein__Verbascum_phoeniceum  Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers
     subtype:  #common_mullein__great_mullein__greatmullein__Aaron's_rod__flannel_mullein__flannelmullein__woolly_mullein__torch__Verbascum_thapsus  tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches
  subtype:  #eggplant_bush__eggplant__aubergine__brinjal__gardenegg__mad_apple__Solanum_melongena  hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
  subtype:  #Atropa_belladonna__belladonna__deadly_nightshade  perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
  subtype:  #black_henbane__blackhenbane__henbane__stinking_nightshade__Hyoscyamus_niger  poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine
  subtype:  #Egyptian_henbane__Hyoscyamus_muticus  poisonous herb whose leaves are a source of hyoscyamine
  subtype:  #tomato_plant__tomato__love_apple__Lycopersicon_esculentum  native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties
     subtype:  #Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__cherry_tomato  plant bearing small red to yellow fruit
        subtype:  #plum_tomato.Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__plumtomato  a kind of cherry tomato that has an oblong shape
  subtype:  #mandrake__devil's_apples__Mandragora_officinarum  a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers
  subtype:  #apple_of_Peru__shoo_fly__Nicandra_physaloides  coarse South American herb grown for its blue-and-white flowers followed by a bladderlike fruit enclosing a dry berry
  subtype:  #tobacco  aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
     subtype:  #flowering_tobacco__floweringtobacco__Jasmine_tobacco__Nicotiana_alata  South American ornamental perennial having nocturnally fragrant greenish-white flowers
     subtype:  #common_tobacco__Nicotiana_tabacum  tall erect South American herb with large ovate leaves and terminal clusters of tubular white or pink flowers; cultivated for its leaves
     subtype:  #wild_tobacco__Indian_tobacco__Nicotiana_rustica  tobacco plant of South America and Mexico
     subtype:  #tree_tobacco__mustard_tree__mustardtree__Nicotiana_glauca  evergreen South American shrub naturalized in United States; occasionally responsible for poisoning livestock
  subtype:  #cupflower__nierembergia  any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  #whitecup__Nierembergia_repens__Nierembergia_rivularis  prostrate woody South American herb with white tubular flowers often tinged with blue or rose
     subtype:  #tall_cupflower__Nierembergia_frutescens  shrubby Chilean herb having bluish-white tubular flowers used as an ornamental
  subtype:  #ground_cherry__husk_tomato  any of numerous cosmopolitan annual or perennial herbs of the genus Physalis bearing edible fleshy berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk; some cultivated for their flowers
     subtype:  #downy_ground_cherry__strawberry_tomato__Physalis_pubescens  decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk
     subtype:  #Chinese_lantern_plant__winter_cherry__bladder_cherry__bladdercherry__Physalis_alkekengi  Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx
     subtype:  #cape_gooseberry__purple_ground_cherry__Physalis_peruviana  annual of tropical South America having edible purple fruits
     subtype:  #strawberry_tomato__dwarf_cape_gooseberry__Physalis_pruinosa  stout hairy annual of eastern North America with sweet yellow fruits
     subtype:  #tomatillo__jamberry__Mexican_husk_tomato__Physalis_ixocarpa  annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes
     subtype:  #miltomate__tomatillo__purple_ground_cherry__jamberry__Physalis_philadelphica  Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes
     subtype:  #yellow_henbane__Physalis_viscosa  found on sea beaches from Virginia to South America having greenish-yellow flowers and orange or yellow berries
  subtype:  #salpiglossis  any plant of the genus Salpiglossis
     subtype:  #painted_tongue__paintedtongue__Salpiglossis_sinuata  Chilean herb having velvety funnel-shaped yellowish or violet flowers with long tonguelike styles at the corolla throat
  subtype:  #Scopolia_carniolica  herb that is a source of scopolamine
  subtype:  #herb_mercury__herbs_mercury__herbsmercury__boys-and-girls__Mercurialis_annua  Eurafrican annual naturalized in America as a weed; formerly dried for use as a purgative, diuretic or antisyphilitic
  subtype:  #dog's_mercury__dog'smercury__dog_mercury__dogmercury__Mercurialis_perennis  European perennial weedy plant with greenish flowers
  subtype:  #spurge_nettle__tread-softly__treadsoftly__devil_nettle__devilnettle__pica-pica__Cnidoscolus_urens__Jatropha_urens__Jatropha_stimulosus  a stinging herb of tropical America
  subtype:  #umbellifer__umbelliferous_plant__umbelliferousplant  any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae
     subtype:  #wild_parsley  any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley
  subtype:  #dill__Anethum_graveolens  aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
  subtype:  #angelique__angelica  any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
     subtype:  #garden_angelica__archangel__Angelica_Archangelica  a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally
     subtype:  #wild_angelica__Angelica_sylvestris  European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island
  subtype:  #beaked_parsley__chervil__Anthriscus_cereifolium  aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads
  subtype:  #cow_parsley__cowparsley__wild_chervil__Anthriscus_sylvestris  coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America
  subtype:  #wild_celery__Apium_graveolens  herb of Europe and temperate Asia
  subtype:  #cultivated_celery__celery__Apium_graveolens_dulce  widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
  subtype:  #knob_celery__celeriac__celery_root__root_celery__turnip-rooted_celery__Apium_graveolens_rapaceum  grown for its thickened edible aromatic root
  subtype:  #astrantia__masterwort  any plant of the genus Astrantia
     subtype:  #greater_masterwort__greatermasterwort__Astrantia_major  European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers
  subtype:  #Carum_carvi__caraway  a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
     subtype:  #whorled_caraway  a caraway with whorled leaves
  subtype:  #Conopodium_denudatum__earthnut  a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts
  subtype:  #coriander_plant__corianderplant__coriander__Chinese_parsley__cilantro__Coriandrum_sativum  Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley
  subtype:  #cumin__Cuminum_cyminum  dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds
  subtype:  #cultivated_carrot__carrot__Daucus_carota_sativa  perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical deep-orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
  subtype:  #Eryngium_aquaticum__button_snakeroot  coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master
  subtype:  #fennel  any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
     subtype:  #Foeniculum_vulgare__common_fennel  strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning
     subtype:  #Foeniculum_dulce__Florence_fennel__Foeniculum_vulgare_dulce  grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base
  subtype:  #cow_parsnip__cowparsnip__hogweed__Heracleum_sphondylium  tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers
  subtype:  #Levisticum_officinale__lovage  herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds
  subtype:  #Myrrhis_odorata__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely  European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers
  subtype:  #Pastinaca_sativa__parsnip  a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root
     subtype:  #cultivated_parsnip  European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
     subtype:  #wild_parsnip__madnep  biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
  subtype:  #Petroselinum_crispum__parsley  annual or perennial herb with aromatic finely-cut leaves
     subtype:  #Italian_parsley__flat-leaf_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_neapolitanum  a variety of parsley having flat leaves
     subtype:  #Hamburg_parsley__turnip-rooted_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_tuberosum  parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip
  subtype:  #anise_plant__aniseplant__anise__Pimpinella_anisum  native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery
  subtype:  #sanicle__snakeroot  a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers
     subtype:  #footsteps-of-spring__Sanicula_arctopoides  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers
     subtype:  #purple_sanicle__Sanicula_bipinnatifida  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers
     subtype:  #European_sanicle__Sanicula_Europaea  sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers
  subtype:  #moon_carrot__stone_parsley__stoneparsley  any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage
  subtype:  #stone_parsley__stoneparsley__Sison_amomum  slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean having foliage like parsley and white flowers with aromatic seeds
  subtype:  #Alexander__Alexanders__black_lovage__blacklovage__horse_parsley__horseparsley__Smyrnium_olusatrum  European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
  subtype:  #corn_salad  a plant of the genus Valerianella
     subtype:  #common_corn_salad__lamb's_lettuce__Valerianella_olitoria__Valerianella_locusta  widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed
  subtype:  #wort.herbaceous_plant  usually used in combination: `liverwort'; `milkwort'; `whorlywort'
  subtype:  #peperomia  any of various plants of the genus Peperomia; grown primarily for their often succulent foliage
     subtype:  #watermelon_begonia__Peperomia_argyreia__Peperomia_sandersii  grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America
  subtype:  #yerba_mansa__yerbamansa__Anemopsis_californica  stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
  subtype:  #asclepiad  any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
  subtype:  #milkweed__silkweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
     subtype:  #white_milkweed__whitemilkweed__Asclepias_albicans  tall herb with leafless waxy-white stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
     subtype:  #blood_flower__bloodflower__swallowwort__asclepiascurassavica  tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
     subtype:  #poke_milkweed__Asclepias_exaltata  milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
     subtype:  #swamp_milkweed__swampmilkweed__Asclepias_incarnata  densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
     subtype:  #Mead's_milkweed__Asclepias_meadii__Asclepia_meadii  milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
     subtype:  #purple_silkweed__Asclepias_purpurascens  perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
     subtype:  #showy_milkweed__showymilkweed__Asclepias_speciosa  milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple-pink flowers
     subtype:  #poison_milkweed__horsetail_milkweed__horsetailmilkweed__Asclepias_subverticillata  milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
     subtype:  #butterfly_weed__butterflyweed__orange_milkweed__orangemilkweed__chiggerflower__pleurisy_root__tuber_root__tuberroot__Indian_paintbrush__Asclepias_tuberosa  erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
     subtype:  #whorled_milkweed__whorledmilkweed__asclepiasverticillata  milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
  subtype:  #stapelia__carrion_flower__carrionflower__starfish_flower  any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large evil-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
     subtype:  #Stapelias_asterias  stapelia of Cape Province Africa having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas

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