#family_Betulaceae__Betulaceae__birch_family__birchfamily  monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
  supertype:  #hamamelid_dicot_family__hamameliddicotfamily  family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
  member of:  #order_Fagales
  member:  #genus_Betula__Betula  a genus of trees of the family Betulaceae (such as birches)
     member:  #birch_tree__birchtree__birch  any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark
     member:  #yellow_birch__Betula_alleghaniensis__Betula_leutea  tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or gray bark
     member:  #American_white_birch__paper_birch__paperbirch__canoe_birch__canoebirch__Betula_cordifolia__Betula_papyrifera  small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes
     member:  #American_gray_birch__gray_birch__Betula_populifolia  medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale gray bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest tree
     member:  #silver_birch__common_birch__European_white_birch__Betula_pendula  European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches
     member:  #downy_birch__downybirch__white_birch__whitebirch__Betula_pubescens  European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches
     member:  #black_birch__river_birch__red_birch__redbirch__Betula_nigra  birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark
     member:  #sweet_birch__cherry_birch__black_birch__Betula_lenta  common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furniture
     member:  #Yukon_white_birch__Betula_neoalaskana  Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark
     member:  #swamp_birch__water_birch__mountain_birch__Western_paper_birch__Western_birch__Betula_fontinalis  birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but having brownish bark
     member:  #Newfoundland_dwarf_birch__American_dwarf_birch__Betula_glandulosa  small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenland
  member:  #genus_Alnus__Alnus  alders
     member:  #alder_tree__aldertree__alder  north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the rot-resistant wood
     member:  #common_alder__European_black_alder__Alnus_glutinosa__Alnus_vulgaris  medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy beneath
     member:  #gray_alder__Alnus_incana  native to Europe but introduced in America
     member:  #seaside_alder__seasidealder__Alnus_maritima  shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood
     member:  #white_alder__whitealder__mountain_alder__Alnus_rhombifolia  tree of western United States
     member:  #red_alder__redalder__Oregon_alder__Alnus_rubra  large tree of Pacific coast of North America having hard red wood much used for furniture
     member:  #speckled_alder__Alnus_rugosa  common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down
     member:  #smooth_alder__hazel_alder__hazelalder__Alnus_serrulata  common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark
     member:  #Alnus_veridis__green_alder__greenalder  shrub of mountainous areas of Europe
     member:  #green_alder__greenalder__Alnus_veridis_crispa__Alnus_crispa  North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts
  member:  #subfamily_Carpinaceae__Carpinaceae__family_Carpinaceae  used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus; Ostryopsis; and Ostryopsis
  member:  #genus_Carpinus__Carpinus  mostly deciduous monoecious trees or shrubs: hornbeams; sometimes placed in subfamily Carpinaceae
     member:  #hornbeam  any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus
     member:  #European_hornbeam__Carpinus_betulus  medium-sized Old World tree with smooth gray bark and leaves like beech that turn yellow-orange in autumn
     member:  #American_hornbeam__Carpinus_caroliniana  tree or large shrub with gray bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn
  member:  #genus_Ostrya__Ostrya  deciduous monoecious trees of Europe and Asia and America; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae
     member:  #hop_hornbeam__hophornbeam  any of several trees resembling hornbeams with fruiting clusters resembling hops
     member:  #Old_World_hop_hornbeam__Ostrya_carpinifolia  medium-sized hop hornbeam of southern Europe and Asia Minor
     member:  #Eastern_hop_hornbeam__ironwood__ironwood_tree__Ostrya_virginiana  medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America
  member:  #genus_Ostryopsis__Ostryopsis  deciduous monoecious shrubs of China and Mongolia resembling trees of the genus Ostrya; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae
  member:  #subfamily_Corylaceae__Corylaceae__family_Corylaceae  used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus
  member:  #genus_Corylus__Corylus  deciduous monoecious nut-bearing shrubs of small trees: hazel; sometimes placed in the subfamily or family Corylaceae
     member:  #hazelnut_tree__hazelnut__hazel  any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk

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