#evidence.situation__grounds your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief; "the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is very compelling"
supertype: situation_playing_some_role (pm) e.g., a causal situation
subtype: probable_cause (in law) evidence sufficient to warrant an arrest or search and seizure; "a magistrate determined that there was probable cause to search the house"
subtype: cogent_evidence__proof any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something; "if you have any proof for what you say, now is the time to produce it"
subtype: verification__confirmation__check__substantiation additional proof that something that was believed is true; "fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory"
subtype: bed_check__bedcheck a check that everyone is in bed by the time they should be
subtype: crosscheck.verification an instance of confirming something by considering information from several sources
subtype: parity_check__redundant_check__redundantcheck__odd-even_check a system of checking for errors in computer functioning
subtype: checksum a digit representing the sum of the digits in an instance of digital data; used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission or storage
subtype: establishment.cogent_evidence__validation the cognitive process of establishing a valid proof
subtype: disproof__falsification__refutation any evidence that helps to establish the falsity of something
subtype: reductio_ad_absurdum (reduction to the absurd) a disproof by showing that the consequences of the proposition are absurd; or a proff of a proposition by showing that its negation leads to a contradiction
subtype: confutation a conclusive refutation
subtype: counterexample refutation by example
subtype: lead.evidence__track__trail evidence pointing to a possible solution; "the police are following a promising lead"; "the trail led straight to the perpetrator"
subtype: symptom (medical) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease
subtype: crepitation_rale__crepitationrale the crackling sound heard on auscultation when patients with respiratory diseases inhale; associated with tuberculosis and pneumonia and congestive heart failure
subtype: menorrhagia__hypermenorrhea abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged
subtype: alkalinuria__alkaluria a condition in which the urine (which is normally slightly acidic) is alkaline
subtype: eosinopenia a decrease in the number of eosinophils in the blood
subtype: hemoglobinemia__haemoglobinemia presence of excessive hemoglobin in the blood plasma
subtype: hemoptysis__haemoptysis__haemoptysi coughing up blood from the respiratory tract; usually indicates a severe infection of the bronchi or lungs
subtype: lipemia__lipidemia__lipidaemia__lipoidemia__lipoidaemia__hyperlipaemia__hyperlipidemia__hyperlipidaemia__hyperlipoidaemia presence of excess lipids in the blood
subtype: albuminuria__proteinuria the presence of excessive protein (chiefly albumin but also globulin) in the urine; usually a symptom of kidney disorder
subtype: aminoaciduria abnormal presence of amino acids in the urine; usually a symptom of metabolic defects
subtype: ammoniuria excessive ammonia in the urine
subtype: Jacquemier's_sign a purplish discoloration of the mucous membrane of the vagina that occurs early in pregnancy
subtype: Kayser-Fleischer_ring a pigmented ring at the outer edge of the cornea of the eye; a symptom of Wilson's disease
subtype: keratomalacia softening and drying and ulceration of the cornea resulting from vitamin A deficiency; symptom of cystic fibrosis or sprue
subtype: Kernig's_sign symptom of meningitis; patient cannot extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings
subtype: ketonemia__ketosis__ketosi__acetonemia an abnormal increase of ketone bodies in the blood as in diabetes mellitus
subtype: Koplik's_spots small red spots with white centers found on the mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue; symptom of measles that appears one or two days before the measles rash appears
subtype: glycosuria the presence of abnormally high levels of sugar in the urine
subtype: fructosuria the presence of levulose is the urine; "fructosuria is a harmless condition"
subtype: glucosuria the presence of abnormally high levels of glucose in the urine
subtype: lymphuria the presence of lymph in the urine
subtype: monocytosis__monocytosi increase in the number of monocytes in the blood; symptom of monocytic leukemia
subtype: thrombocytosis increase in the number of platelets in the blood which tends to cause clots to form; associated with many neoplasms and chronic infections and other diseases
subtype: ochronosis an accumulation of dark pigment in cartilage and other connective tissue; usually a symptom of alkaptonuria or phenol poisoning
subtype: hypercalcemia__hypercalcaemia the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or Paget's disease
subtype: hypocalcemia__hypocalcaemia abnormally low level of calcium in the blood; associated with hypoparathyroidism or kidney malfunction or vitamin D deficiency
subtype: hypercalciuria__hypercalcinuria the presence of abnormally high levels of calcium in the urine; usually the result of excessive bone resorption in hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis
subtype: hypercholesterolemia__hypercholesteremia the presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis
subtype: familial_hypercholesterolemia congenital disorder characterized by high levels of cholesterol and early development of atherosclerosis
subtype: hyperkalemia higher than normal levels of potassium in the circulating blood; associated with kidney failure or sometimes with the use of diuretic drugs
subtype: hypokalemia abnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities; associated with adrenal tumors or starvation or taking diuretics
subtype: kaliuresis__kaluresis__kaluresi the presence of potassium in the urine
subtype: natriuresis the presence of abnormally large amounts of sodium in the urine
subtype: hypoproteinemia abnormally low level of protein in the blood; can indicate inadequate diet or intestinal or renal disorders
subtype: hypernatremia excessive amounts of sodium in the blood; possibly indicating diabetes insipidus
subtype: hyponatremia abnormally low level of sodium in the blood; associated with dehydration
subtype: hypersplenism enlarged spleen and a decrease in one or more types of blood cells; associated with many disorders
subtype: ketonuria__ketoaciduria__acetonuria excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvation
subtype: maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
subtype: amenorrhea__amenorrhoea__amenia absence or suppression of normal menstrual flow
subtype: primary_amenorrhea__primaryamenorrhea delay of menarche beyond age 18
subtype: secondary_amenorrhea__secondaryamenorrhea cessation of menstruation in a woman who had previously menstruated
subtype: aura a sensation (as of a cold breeze or bright light) that precedes the onset of certain disorders such as a migraine attack or epileptic seizure
subtype: chloasma__melasma__mask_of_pregnancy a tan discoloration of a woman's face that is associated with pregnancy or with the use of oral contraceptives
subtype: clubbing a condition in which the ends of toes and fingers become wide and thick; a symptom of heart or lung disease
subtype: cyanosis a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes; a sign that oxygen in the blood is dangerously diminished (as in carbon monoxide poisoning)
subtype: acrocyanosis__Raynaud's_sign cyanosis of the extremities; can occur when a spasm of the blood vessels is caused by exposure to cold or by strong emotion
subtype: diuresis increased secretion of urine; if not due to increased liquid intake or to the action of a diuretic drug it can be a symptom of diabetes mellitus
subtype: prodrome__prodroma an early symptom that a disease is developing or that an attack is about to occur
subtype: syndrome a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
subtype: autism (psychiatry) an abnormal absorption with the self; marked by communication disorders and short attention span and inability to treat others as people
subtype: infantile_autism__infantileautism a rare but serious syndrome of childhood characterized by withdrawal and lack of social responsiveness or interest in others and serious linguistic deficits; "there is considerable dispute among specialists concerning infantile autism"
subtype: adult_respiratory_distress_syndrome__ARDS__wet_lung__wetlung__white_lung__whitelung acute lung injury characterized by coughing and rales; occurs among persons exposed to irritants such as corrosive chemical vapors or ammonia or chlorine etc.
subtype: attention_deficit_disorder__attentiondeficitdisorder__ADD__attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder__attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder__ADHD__hyperkinetic_syndrome__minimal_brain_dysfunction__minimalbraindysfunction__minimal_brain_damage__minimalbraindamage__MBD a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders
subtype: Horner's_syndrome a pattern of symptoms occurring as a result of damage to nerves in the cervical region of the spine (drooping eyelids and constricted pupils and absence of facial sweating)
subtype: Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
subtype: cervical_disc_syndrome__cervical_root_syndrome an abnormal condition resulting from compression of spinal nerve roots in the neck region; involves neck pains and muscular weakness and paresthesia
subtype: Chinese_restaurant_syndrome headache and tingling or burning feelings and sweating caused by eating food that contains monosodium glutamate
subtype: Conn's_syndrome disturbances in salt-water balance and symptoms of weakness and muscular cramps and twitching and convulsions and sometimes paralysis; usually caused by a benign tumor of the cortex of the adrenal gland that leads to excess secretion of aldosterone
subtype: fetal_alcohol_syndrome__fetalalcoholsyndrome a condition in which body deformation or facial development or mental ability of a fetus is impaired because the mother drank alcohol while pregnant
subtype: Klinefelter's_syndrome__Klinefelter_syndrome__XXY-syndrome syndrome in males that is characterized by small testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental retardation; a genetic defect in which an extra X chromosome (XXY) is present in the male
subtype: malabsorption_syndrome__malabsorptionsyndrome a pattern of symptoms including loss of appetite and bloating and weight loss and muscle pain and steatorrhea; associated with celiac disease and sprue and cystic fibrosis
subtype: Munchausen's_syndrome__Munchausen_syndrome syndrome consisting of feigning acute and dramatic illness for which no clinical evidence is ever found
subtype: nephrotic_syndrome__nephroticsyndrome__nephrosis a syndrome characterized by edema and large amounts of protein in the urine and usually increased blood cholesterol; usually associated with glomerulonephritis or with a complication of various systemic diseases
subtype: Noonan's_syndrome syndrome seen only in males; marked by short stature and lowset ears and subnormal fertility
subtype: phantom_limb_syndrome syndrome consisting of discomfort or pain in a limb that has been amputated
subtype: premenstrual_syndrome__PMS a syndrome that occurs in many women from 2 to 14 days before the onset of menstruation
subtype: radiation_sickness__radiation_syndrome__radiationsyndrome syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions); low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair; greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases; severe exposure can cause death within hours
subtype: Ramsay_Hunt_syndrome syndrome resulting from infection by the herpes varicella zoster virus; characterized by vertigo and pain in the ears and facial nerve paralysis and sometimes hearing loss
subtype: Reiter's_syndrome__Reiter's_disease an inflammatory syndrome (etiology unknown) predominantly in males; characterized by arthritis and conjunctivitis and urethritis
subtype: restless_legs_syndrome__restless_legs__Ekbom_syndrome feeling of uneasiness and restlessness in the legs after going to bed (sometimes causing insomnia); may be relieved temporarily by walking or moving the legs
subtype: Reye's_syndrome acquired brain disorder following acute viral infections (especially influenza or chicken pox) in young children
subtype: scalenus_syndrome discomfort and vascular symptoms and loss of sensation in a shoulder and arm; caused by a scalene muscle compressing the subclavian artery and part of the brachial plexus
subtype: tetany__tetanilla__intermittenttetanu__intermittent_cramp__apyretic_tetanus clinical neurological syndrome characterized by muscular twitching and cramps and (when severe) seizures; associated with calcium deficiency (hypoparathyroidism) or vitamin D deficiency or alkalosis
subtype: thoracic_outlet_syndrome tingling sensations in the fingers; caused by compression on a nerve supplying the arm
subtype: Tietze's_syndrome syndrome characterized by swelling of rib cartilage (causing pain)
subtype: Tourette's_syndrome__Gilles_de_la_Tourette_syndrome neurological disorder characterized by facial grimaces and tics and movements of the upper body and grunts and shouts and coprolalia
subtype: tetralogy_of_Fallot__Fallot's_tetralogy__Fallot's_syndrome a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
subtype: toxic_shock_syndrome__toxicshocksyndrome__toxic_shock__TSS syndrome resulting from a serious acute (sometimes fatal) infection associated with the presence of staphylococcus; characterized by fever and diarrhea and nausea and diffuse erythema and shock; occurs especially in menstruating women using high-absorbency tampons
subtype: Waterhouse-Friderichsen_syndrome syndrome associated with bacterial meningitis; marked by sudden high fever and skin discoloration and petechiae with hemorrhage into the adrenal glands and cardiovascular collapse
subtype: Zollinger-Ellison_syndrome syndrome consisting of intractable peptic ulceration with gastric hypersecretion and hyperacidity
subtype: effect.symptom a symptom caused by an illness or a drug; "the effects of sleep loss"; "the effect of the anesthetic"
subtype: aftereffect.effect a delayed effect of a drug or therapy; "the drug had unexpected aftereffects"
subtype: side_effect.effect__sideeffect a secondary and usually adverse effect of a drug or therapy; "severe headaches are one of the side effects of the drug"
subtype: hairy_tongue__hairytongue__furrytongue__blacktongue a benign side effect of some antibiotics; dark overgrowth of the papillae of the tongue
subtype: abscess symptom consisting of a localized collection of pus surrounded by inflamed tissue
subtype: abscessed_tooth an abscess of a common kind in the tissue around a tooth
subtype: purulence symptom of being purulent (containing or forming pus)
subtype: exophthalmos protrusion of the eyeball from the socket
subtype: Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
subtype: festination involuntary shortening of stride and quickening of gait that occurs in some diseases (e.g., Parkinson's disease)
subtype: furring a furlike coating of matter as on the tongue
subtype: hematuria__haematuria the presence of blood in the urine; often a symptom of urinary tract disease
subtype: hematocyturia__haematocyturia the presence of red blood cells in the urine
subtype: hemoglobinuria__haemoglobinuria presence of hemoglobin in the urine
subtype: hemosiderosis__hemosiderosi__haemosiderosis abnormal deposit of hemosiderin; often a symptom of thalassemia or hemochromatosis
subtype: nebula.symptom cloudiness of the urine
subtype: sneeze__sneezing__sternutation a symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose
subtype: puffiness__puffines__lump abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement
subtype: spermatocele a swelling on the epididymis or the testis; usually contains spermatozoa
subtype: bloat swelling of the rumen or intestinal tract of domestic animals caused by excessive gas
subtype: bunion a painful swelling of the bursa of the first joint of the big toe
subtype: edema__oedema__hydrops__hydrop__dropsy swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
subtype: lymphedema swelling (usually in the legs) caused by lymph accumulating in the tissues
subtype: scleredema a skin disease marked by hard edema of the tissue usually beginning in the face
subtype: anasarca generalized edema with accumulation of serum in subcutaneous connective tissue
subtype: chemosis edema of the mucous membrane of the eyeball and eyelid lining
subtype: papilledema swelling of the optic disc (where the optic nerve enters the eyeball); usually associated with an increase in intraocular pressure
subtype: hematocele__haematocele__hematocoele__haematocoele swelling caused by blood collecting in a body cavity (especially a swelling of the membrane covering the testis)
subtype: intumescence__intumescency swelling up with blood or other fluids (as with congestion)
subtype: hematoma__haematoma a localized swelling filled with blood
subtype: iridoncus__iridoncu swelling of the iris of the eye
subtype: oscheocele__oscheocoele swelling of the scrotum
subtype: tumidity__tumidness__tumidnes slight swelling of an organ or part
subtype: tumescence tumidity resulting from the presence of blood or other fluid in the tissues
subtype: palsy a condition marked by uncontrollable tremor
subtype: pyuria presence of white blood cells in the urine; symptom of urinary tract infection
subtype: hyperglycemia__hyperglycaemia abnormally high blood sugar usually associated with diabetes
subtype: hypoglycemia__hypoglycaemia abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet
subtype: jaundice__icterus__icteru yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes caused by an accumulation of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood; can be a symptom of gallstones or liver infection or anemia
subtype: physiological_jaundice_of_the_newborn__jaundice_of_the_newborn__icterus_neonatorum__icterusneonatorum yellowish appearance in newborn infants; usually subsides spontaneously
subtype: kernicterus an abnormal accumulation of bile pigment in the brain and other nerve tissue; causes yellow staining and tissue damage
subtype: congestion excessive accumulation of blood or other fluid in a body part
subtype: hydrothorax accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest) often resulting from disease of the heart or kidneys
subtype: hemothorax__haemothorax accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity (the space between the lungs and the walls of the chest)
subtype: hyperemia__hyperaemia increased blood in an organ or other body part
subtype: engorgement.hyperemia congestion with blood; "engorgement of the breast"
subtype: pulmonary_congestion__pulmonarycongestion congestion in the lungs
subtype: eruption symptom consisting of a breaking out and becoming visible
subtype: enanthem__enanthema eruption on a mucous membrane (as the inside of the mouth) occurring as a symptom of a disease
subtype: exanthem__exanthema__skineruption eruption on the skin occurring as a symptom of a disease
subtype: skin_rash__rash__roseola any red eruption of the skin
subtype: prickly_heat__pricklyheat__heat_rash__miliaria obstruction of the sweat ducts during high heat and humidity
subtype: urtication__urticaria__hives__nettle_rash an itchy skin eruption characterized by weals with pale interiors and well-defined red margins; usually the result of an allergic response to insect bites or food or drugs
subtype: numbness partial or total lack of sensation in a part of the body; a symptom of nerve damage or dysfunction
subtype: pain__hurting a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder; "the patient developed severe pain and distension"
subtype: ache__aching a dull persistent (usually moderately intense) pain
subtype: toothache__odontalgia an ache localized in or around a tooth
subtype: aerodontalgia pain in the teeth that results from a change in air pressure (as in flying of mountain climbing)
subtype: backache an ache localized in the back
subtype: lumbago backache affecting the lumbar region or lower back; can be caused by muscle strain or arthritis or vascular insufficiency or a ruptured intervertebral disc
subtype: head_ache__headache__cephalalgia pain in the head caused by dilation of cerebral arteries or muscle contractions or a reaction to drugs
subtype: histamine_headache__histamineheadache__cluster_headache__clusterheadache a headache associated with the release of histamine from cells
subtype: migraine__megrim__sick_headache__hemicrania a severe recurring vascular headache; occur more frequently in women than men
subtype: sick_headache a headache accompanied by nausea
subtype: sinus_headache__sinusheadache a headache resulting from congestion or infection in the paranasal sinuses
subtype: tension_headache__tensionheadache a headache located at the back of the head; usually caused by body tension resulting from overwork or psychological stress
subtype: stomachache__gastralgia an ache localized in the stomach or abdominal region
subtype: earache__otalgia an ache localized in the middle or inner ear
subtype: agony__suffering a state of acute pain
subtype: throe severe spasm of pain: "the throes of dying"; "the throes of childbirth"
subtype: Passion the suffering of Jesus at the crucifixion
subtype: arthralgia pain in a joint or joints
subtype: burn.pain__burning pain that feels hot as if it were on fire
subtype: causalgia a burning pain in a limb along the course of a peripheral nerve; usually associated with skin changes
subtype: intestinal_colic__colic acute abdominal pain (especially in infants)
subtype: lead_colic__painter's_colic__painter'scolic symptom of chronic lead poisoning and associated with obstinate constipation
subtype: chest_pain__chestpain pain in the chest
subtype: chiralgia a pain in the hand that is not traumatic
subtype: distress.pain extreme physical pain; "the patient appeared to be in distress"
subtype: dysmenorrhea painful menstruation
subtype: primary_dysmenorrhea__primarydysmenorrhea painful menstruation that is intrinsic to menstruation and not the result of a disease
subtype: secondary_dysmenorrhea__secondarydysmenorrhea painful menstruation that is caused by some specific disorder (as endometriosis)
subtype: glossalgia__glossodynia pain in the tongue
subtype: growing_pains.pain__growingpain pain in muscles or joints sometimes experienced by children and often attributed to rapid growth
subtype: hemorrhoid__haemorrhoid__piles__pile pain caused by venous swelling at or inside the anal sphincter
subtype: keratalgia pain in the cornea
subtype: labor_pain__laborpain pain and discomfort associated with contractions of the uterus during labor
subtype: mastalgia pain in the breast
subtype: melagra rheumatic or myalgic pains in the arms or legs
subtype: meralgia pain in the thigh
subtype: metralgia pain in the uterus
subtype: myalgia pain in a muscle or group of muscles
subtype: nephralgia pain in the kidney (usually felt in the loins)
subtype: neuralgia__neuralgy acute spasmodic pain along the course of one or more nerves
subtype: trigeminal_neuralgia__tic_douloureux__ticdouloureux intense paroxysmal neuralgia along the trigeminal nerve
subtype: sciatica neuralgia along the sciatic nerve
subtype: odynophagia severe pain on swallowing due to a disorder of the esophagus
subtype: orchidalgia pain in the testes
subtype: pang a sharp spasm of pain
subtype: birth_pangs__birthpang__labor_pains__laborpain__labour_pains a regularly recurrent spasm of pain that is characteristic of childbirth
subtype: afterpains pains felt by a woman after her baby is born; associated with contractions of the uterus
subtype: sting__pang a mental pain or distress; "a pang of conscience"
subtype: photalgia__photophobia pain in the eye resulting from exposure to bright light (often associated with albinism)
subtype: pleurodynia__pleuralgia__costalgia pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the muscles between the ribs
subtype: podalgia foot pain
subtype: proctalgia pain in the rectum
subtype: referred_pain pain that is felt at a place in the body different from the injured or diseased part where the pain would be expected; "angina pectoris can cause referred pain in the left shoulder"; "pain in the right shoulder can be referred pain from gallbladder disease"
subtype: renal_colic__renalcolic sharp pain in the lower back that radiates into the groin; associated with the passage of a renal calculus through the ureter
subtype: smart__smarting a kind of pain such as that caused by a wound or a burn or a sore
subtype: stinging__sting a kind of pain; something as sudden and painful as being stung; "the sting of death"; "he felt the stinging of nettles"
subtype: stitch.pain a sharp spasm of pain in the side resulting from running
subtype: tenderness.pain__soreness a pain that is felt when the area is touched
subtype: chafing soreness or irritation of the skin caused by friction
subtype: intertrigo chafing between two skin surfaces that are in contact (as in the armpit or under the breasts or between the thighs)
subtype: rebound_tenderness pain felt when a hand pressing on the abdomen is suddenly released; a symptom of peritoneal inflammation
subtype: chafe soreness and warmth caused by friction; "he had a nasty chafe on his knee"
subtype: thermalgesia pain caused by heat
subtype: throb a deep pulsating type of pain
subtype: torture unbearable physical pain
subtype: ulalgia pain in the gums
subtype: urodynia pain during urination
subtype: paresthesia__paraesthesia abnormal skin sensations (as tingling or tickling or itching or burning) usually associated with peripheral nerve damage
subtype: formication hallucinated sensation that insects or snakes are crawling over the skin; a common side-effect of extensive use of cocaine or amphetamines
subtype: postnasal_drip__postnasaldrip secretion of mucus from the rear of the nasal cavity into the nasopharynx
subtype: pimple__hickey a small inflamed elevation of the skin; a pustule or papule; common symptom in acne
subtype: papule a small inflamed elevation of skin that is nonsuppurative (as in chicken pox)
subtype: pustule a small inflamed elevation of skin containing pus
subtype: pock a pustule in an eruptive disease
subtype: cardiomegaly__megalocardia__megacardia__enlarged_heart an abnormal enlargement of the heart; "mild cardiomegaly is common in athletes"
subtype: heart_murmur__heartmurmur__cardiac_murmur__cardiacmurmur__murmur an abnormal sound of the heart; sometimes a sign of abnormal function of the heart valves
subtype: systolic_murmur a murmur heard during systole
subtype: palpitation a rapid and irregular heart beat
subtype: heartburn__pyrosis__pyrosi a painful burning sensation in the chest caused by gastroesophageal reflux (backflow from the stomach irritating the esophagus); symptomatic of an ulcer or a diaphragmatic hernia or other disorder
subtype: hot_flash__hotflash__flush sudden brief sensation of heat (associated with menopause and some mental disorders)
subtype: indigestion__stomach_upset__stomachupset__upset_stomach__upsetstomach a disorder of digestive function characterized by discomfort or heartburn or nausea
subtype: inflammation__redness__rednes a response of body tissues to injury or irritation; characterized by pain and swelling and redness and heat
subtype: adenitis inflammation of a gland or lymph node
subtype: alveolitis inflammation of the alveoli in the lungs caused by inhaling dust; with repeated exposure the condition may become chronic
subtype: farmer's_lung__thresher's_lung alveolitis caused by an allergic reaction to fungal spores in the dust that is inhaled from moldy hay
subtype: bagassosis__bagascosis alveolitis caused by inhaling bagasse (sugarcane dust)
subtype: dry_socket__drysocket__alveoliti inflammation in the socket of a tooth; sometimes occurs after a tooth is extracted and a blood clot fails to form
subtype: angiitis inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
subtype: aortitis inflammation of the aorta
subtype: rheumatic_aortitis aortitis occurring in rheumatic fever
subtype: appendicitis inflammation of the vermiform appendix
subtype: arteritis__arteriti inflammation of an artery
subtype: periarteritis__periarteriti inflammation of the outer coat of an artery
subtype: polyarteritis__polyarteriti inflammation of several arteries
subtype: Takayasu's_arteritis__pulseless_disease__pulselessdisease disorder characterized by the absence of a pulse in both arms and in the carotid arteries
subtype: temporal_arteritis inflammation of the temporal arteries; characterized by headaches and difficulty chewing and (sometimes) visual impairment
subtype: balanitis__balaniti inflammation of the head of the penis
subtype: balanoposthitis__balanoposthiti inflammation of both the head of the penis and the foreskin
subtype: blepharitis__blephariti inflammation of the eyelids characterized by redness and swelling and dried crusts
subtype: bursitis inflammation of a bursa; frequently in the shoulder
subtype: housemaid's_knee__housemaid'sknee swelling of the bursa in the knee (due to trauma or excessive kneeling)
subtype: carditis inflammation of the heart
subtype: endocarditis inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves
subtype: subacute_bacterial_endocarditis a chronic bacterial infection of the endocardium and heart valves; symptoms develop slowly
subtype: myocardial_inflammation__myocarditis__myocarditi inflammation of the myocardium (the muscular tissue of the heart)
subtype: pancarditis__pancarditi inflammation of the entire heart (the epicardium and the myocardium and the endocardium)
subtype: pericarditis inflammation of the pericardium
subtype: catarrh inflammation of the nose and throat with increased production of mucus
subtype: cellulitis an inflammation of body tissue (especially that below the skin) characterized by fever and swelling and redness and pain
subtype: cervicitis inflammation of the uterine cervix
subtype: cheilitis__cheiliti inflammation and cracking of the skin of the lips
subtype: cholangitis__cholangiti inflammation of the bile ducts
subtype: cholecystitis__cholecystiti inflammation of the gall bladder
subtype: chorditis__chorditi inflammation of the vocal cords
subtype: chorditis.inflammation__chorditi inflammation of the spermatic cord
subtype: colitis__inflammatory_bowel_disease inflammation of the colon
subtype: regional_enteritis__regional_ileitis__Crohn's_disease a serious chronic and progressive inflammation of the ileum producing frequent bouts of diarrhea with abdominal pain and nausea and fever and weight loss
subtype: irritable_bowel_syndrome__irritablebowelsyndrome__spastic_colon__spasticcolon__mucous_colitis recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea (often alternating with periods of constipation); often associated with emotional stress
subtype: ulcerative_colitis a serious chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum characterized by recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and fever and chills and profuse diarrhea
subtype: colpitis inflammation of the vagina
subtype: colpocystitis__colpocystiti inflammation of the vagina and bladder
subtype: conjunctivitis__pinkeye inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye
subtype: ophthalmia__ophthalmitis severe conjunctivitis
subtype: ophthalmia_neonatorum ophthalmia in newborns; contracted while passing through the birth canal; usually prevented with silver nitrate drops
subtype: corditis inflammation of the spermatic cord
subtype: costochondritis__costochondriti inflammation at the junction of a rib and its cartilage
subtype: dacryocystitis inflammation of the lacrimal sac causing obstruction of the tube draining tears into the nose
subtype: diverticulitis inflammation of a diverticulum in the digestive tract (especially the colon); characterized by painful abdominal cramping and fever and constipation
subtype: encephalitis__cephalitis__phrenitis inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use)
subtype: acute_hemorrhagic_encephalitis encephalitis that resembles apoplexy due to blood extravasation
subtype: equine_encephalitis__equine_encephalomyelitis encephalitis caused by a virus that is transmitted by a mosquito from an infected horse
subtype: herpes_simplex_encephalitis__herpes_encephalitis__acute_inclusion_body_encephalitis common form of acute encephalitis caused by herpes simplex 1; usually affects the temporal and frontal lobes
subtype: leukoencephalitis__leukoencephaliti inflammation of the white matter of the brain
subtype: panencephalitis__panencephaliti diffuse inflammation of the entire brain
subtype: subacute_sclerosing_panencephalitis__SSPE__inclusion_body_encephalitis__subacute_inclusion_body_encephalitis__sclerosing_leukoencephalitis__subacute_sclerosing_leukoencephalitis__Bosin's_disease__Dawson's_encephalitis__Van_Bogaert_encephalitis a rare chronic progressive encephalitis caused by the measles virus and occurring primarily in children and young adults; death usually occurs within three years; characterized by primary measles infection before the age of two years
subtype: rubella_panencephalitis a rare loss of mental and physical skills in adolescents; associated with the rubella virus
subtype: sleeping_sickness__sleepy_sickness__epidemic_encephalitis__lethargic_encephalitis__encephalitis_lethargica an encephalitis that was epidemic between 1915 and 1926; symptoms include paralysis of the extrinsic eye muscle and extreme muscular weakness
subtype: endocervicitis inflammation of the mucous lining of the uterine cervix
subtype: enteritis__enteriti inflammation of the intestine (especially the small intestine); usually characterized by diarrhea
subtype: necrotizing_enteritis__necrotizingenteriti enteritis characterized by bloody diarrhea and severe abdominal pain
subtype: epicondylitis__epicondyliti painful inflammation of the muscles and soft tissues around an epicondyle
subtype: tennis_elbow__lateral_epicondylitis__lateral_humeral_epicondylitis__lateralhumeralepicondyliti painful inflammation of the tendon at the outer border of the elbow resulting from overuse of lower arm muscles (as in twisting of the hand)
subtype: epididymitis painful inflammation of the epididymis
subtype: epiglottitis inflammation of the epiglottis; characterized by fever and a severe sore throat and difficulty in swallowing
subtype: episcleritis inflammation of the sclera of the eye
subtype: esophagitis__esophagiti__oesophagitis inflammation of the esophagus; often caused by gastroesophageal reflux
subtype: fibrositis inflammation of white fibrous tissues (especially muscle sheaths)
subtype: fibromyositis__fibromyositi local inflammation of muscle and connective tissue
subtype: folliculitis inflammation of a hair follicle
subtype: funiculitis__funiculiti inflammation of a funiculus (especially an inflammation of the spermatic cord)
subtype: gastritis__gastriti inflammation of the lining of the stomach; nausea and loss of appetite and discomfort after eating
subtype: acute_gastritis__acutegastriti gastritis caused by ingesting an irritant (as too much aspirin)
subtype: chronic_gastritis__chronicgastriti persistent gastritis can be a symptom of a gastric ulcer or pernicious anemia or stomach cancer or other disorders
subtype: glossitis__glossiti inflammation of the tongue
subtype: acute_glossitis__acuteglossiti glossitis resulting from injury or infection and characterized by swelling and pain
subtype: chronic_glossitis__chronicglossiti glossitis with atrophy of tongue tissue; sometimes accompanies pernicious anemia
subtype: Moeller's_glossitis__glossodynia_exfoliativa__glossodyniaexfoliativa a superficial form of glossitis marked by irregular red patches on the tongue and sensitivity to hot or spicy food
subtype: hydrarthrosis__hydrarthrosi inflammation and swelling of a movable joint because of excess synovial fluid
subtype: water_on_the_knee hydrarthrosis affecting the knee
subtype: ileitis__ileiti inflammation of the ileum
subtype: iridocyclitis__iridocycliti inflammation of the iris and ciliary body of the eye
subtype: iridokeratitis inflammation of the iris and cornea of the eye
subtype: iritis inflammation of the iris
subtype: jejunitis__jejuniti inflammation of the jejunum of the small intestine
subtype: jejunoileitis__jejunoileiti inflammation of the jejunum and the ileum of the small intestine
subtype: keratitis__keratiti inflammation of the cornea causing watery painful eyes and blurred vision
subtype: keratoconjunctivitis inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva
subtype: keratoiritis inflammation of the cornea and the iris of the eye
subtype: keratoscleritis__keratoscleriti inflammation of the cornea and sclera of the eye
subtype: laminitis__laminiti__founder inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse
subtype: laryngitis inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing
subtype: laryngopharyngitis inflammation of the larynx and pharynx
subtype: laryngotracheobronchitis inflammation of the larynx and trachea and bronchial passageways
subtype: lymphadenitis__lymphadeniti inflammation of lymph nodes
subtype: lymphangitis inflammation of a lymph vessel
subtype: mastitis inflammation of a breast (or udder)
subtype: mastoiditis inflammation of the mastoid
subtype: metritis__endometritis inflammation of the lining of the uterus (of the endometrium)
subtype: myelitis inflammation of the spinal cord
subtype: myositis inflammation of muscle tissue
subtype: polymyositis inflammation of many muscles
subtype: trichinosis__trichinosi__trichiniasis__myositis_trichinosa infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted
subtype: myometritis__myometriti inflammation of the myometrium
subtype: neuritis inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of function
subtype: polyneuritis__multiple_neuritis inflammation of many or all of the peripheral nerves (as in leprosy)
subtype: Guillain-Barre_syndrome__infectious_polyneuritis__Landry's_paralysis a form of peripheral polyneuritis characterized by pain and weakness and sometimes paralysis of the limbs; cause is unknown
subtype: retrobulbar_neuritis inflammation of the optic nerve behind the eye; common in multiple sclerosis
subtype: oophoritis inflammation of one or both ovaries
subtype: orchitis inflammation of one or both testes; characterized by pain and swelling
subtype: osteitis inflammation of a bone as a consequence of infection or trauma or degeneration
subtype: Paget's_disease__osteitis_deformans a disease of bone occurring in the middle aged and elderly; excessive bone destruction sometimes leading to bone pain and fractures and skeletal deformities
subtype: osteomyelitis__osteomyeliti an inflammation of bone and bone marrow (usually caused by bacterial infection)
subtype: otitis inflammation of the ear
subtype: labyrinthitis__labyrinthiti__otitis_interna inflammation of the inner ear; can cause vertigo and vomiting
subtype: otitis_externa inflammation of the external ear (including auricle and ear canal)
subtype: otitis_media inflammation of the middle ear; common in children
subtype: pancreatitis inflammation of the pancreas; usually marked by abdominal pain
subtype: parametritis inflammation of connective tissue adjacent to the uterus
subtype: parotitis__parotiti inflammation of one or both parotid glands
subtype: peritonitis__peritoniti__peritoneal_inflammation inflammation of the peritoneum
subtype: phalangitis__phalangiti inflammation of a finger or toe
subtype: phlebitis__phlebiti inflammation of a vein (usually in the legs)
subtype: thrombophlebitis phlebitis in conjunction with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus)
subtype: pneumonitis__pneumoniti inflammation of the lungs; caused by a virus or an allergic reaction
subtype: posthitis__posthiti inflammation of the foreskin of the penis; usually caused by bacterial infection
subtype: proctitis__proctiti inflammation of the rectum; marked by bloody stools and a frequent urge to defecate; frequently associated with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
subtype: prostatitis__prostatiti inflammation of the prostate gland characterized by perineal pain and irregular urination and (if severe) chills and fever
subtype: rachitis inflammation of the vertebral column
subtype: radiculitis__radiculiti inflammation of the radicle of a nerve
subtype: retinitis__retiniti inflammation of the retina
subtype: chorioretinitis__chorioretiniti inflammation of the choroid layer behind the retina
subtype: rhinitis__coryza an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nose (usually associated with nasal discharge)
subtype: allergic_rhinitis rhinitis caused by an allergic reaction
subtype: hay_fever__hayfever__pollinosis a seasonal rhinitis resulting from an allergic reaction to pollen
subtype: sinusitis__sinusiti inflammation of one of the paranasal sinuses
subtype: pansinusitis inflammation of all of the paranasal sinuses
subtype: salpingitis inflammation of a Fallopian tube (usually the result of infection spreading from the vagina or uterus) or of a Eustachian tube
subtype: scleritis__scleriti inflammation of the sclera
subtype: sialadenitis inflammation of the salivary glands
subtype: splenitis__spleniti inflammation of the spleen
subtype: spondylitis__spondyliti inflammation of a spinal joint; characterized by pain and stiffness
subtype: ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
subtype: stomatitis inflammation of the mouth
subtype: synovitis__synoviti inflammation of the synovial membrane that lines a synovial joint; results in pain and swelling
subtype: tenosynovitis__tenosynoviti inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon
subtype: tarsitis inflammation of the eyelid
subtype: tendinitis__tendonitis inflammation of a tendon
subtype: tennis_elbow__lateral_epicondylitis__lateral_humeral_epicondylitis__lateralhumeralepicondyliti painful inflammation of the tendon at the outer border of the elbow resulting from overuse of lower arm muscles (as in twisting of the hand)
subtype: thyroiditis__thyroiditi inflammation of the thyroid gland
subtype: tonsillitis__tonsilliti inflammation of the tonsils (especially the palatine tonsils)
subtype: tracheitis inflammation of the trachea
subtype: tracheobronchitis__tracheobronchiti common respiratory infection characterized by inflammation of the trachea and the bronchi
subtype: ulitis inflammation of the gums
subtype: ureteritis inflammation of the ureter
subtype: uveitis__uveiti inflammation of the uvea of the eye
subtype: uvulitis inflammation of the uvula
subtype: vaginitis__vaginiti inflammation of the vagina (usually associated with candidiasis)
subtype: valvulitis inflammation of a valve (especially of a cardiac valve (usually as a consequence of rheumatic fever))
subtype: vasculitis inflammation of a blood vessel
subtype: vasovesiculitis__vasovesiculiti inflammation of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles; usually occurring with prostatitis
subtype: vesiculitis__vesiculiti inflammation of a seminal vesicle (usually in conjunction with prostatitis)
subtype: vulvitis inflammation of the vulva
subtype: vulvovaginitis inflammation of the vulva and the vagina
subtype: shin_splints painful inflammation of the muscles around the shins; frequent among runners
subtype: shivering__chill a sensation of cold that often marks the start of an infection and the development of a fever
subtype: chills_and_fever__ague successive stages of chills and fever that is a symptom of malaria
subtype: coughing__cough sudden expulsion of air from the lungs that clears the air passages; a common symptom of upper respiratory infection or bronchitis or pneumonia or tuberculosis
subtype: hiccup__hiccough__singultus__singultu (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; "how do you cure the hiccups?"
subtype: meningism symptoms that mimic those of meningitis but without inflammation of the meninges
subtype: sickness__nausea the state that precedes vomiting
subtype: motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
subtype: airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
subtype: car_sickness motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
subtype: seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
subtype: morning_sickness nausea early in the day; a characteristic symptom in the early months of pregnancy
subtype: queasiness__squeamishness__squeamishnes a mild state of nausea
subtype: muscle_spasm__spasm__cramp a painful and involuntary muscular contraction
subtype: charleyhorse (colloquial) a muscular cramp (especially in the thigh or calf) following vigorous exercise
subtype: writer's_cramp__graphospasm muscular spasms of thumb and forefinger while writing with a pen or pencil
subtype: blepharospasm spasm of the eyelid muscle resulting in closure of the eye
subtype: crick__rick__wrick a painful muscle spasm especially in the neck or back (`rick' and `wrick' are British)
subtype: myoclonus__myoclonu a clonic spasm of a muscle or muscle group
subtype: opisthotonos severe spasm in which the back arches and the head bends back and heels flex toward the back
subtype: twitch__twitching__vellication a sudden spasm; especially one caused by a nervous condition
subtype: tic a local and habitual twitching especially in the face
subtype: blepharism condition in which a person blinks continuously
subtype: fibrillation.twitch muscular twitching involving individual muscle fibers acting without coordination
subtype: atrial_fibrillation fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
subtype: ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
subtype: fasciculation muscular twitching of contiguous groups of muscle fibers
subtype: tenesmus painful spasm of the anal sphincter along with an urgent desire to defecate without the significant production of feces; associated with irritable bowel syndrome
subtype: trismus__trismu prolonged spasm of the jaw muscles
subtype: scar_tissue__scar__cicatrix__cicatrice a mark left by the healing of injured tissue
subtype: callus.scar_tissue bony tissue formed during the healing of a fractured bone
subtype: chestnut.callus a small horny callus on the inner surface of a horse's leg
subtype: keloid__cheloid raised pinkish scar tissue at the site of an injury; results from excessive tissue repair
subtype: sword-cut__swordcut a scar from a cut made by a sword
subtype: hardening.symptom abnormal hardening or thickening of tissue
subtype: callosity__callus an area of skin that is thick or hard from continual pressure or friction (as the sole of the foot)
subtype: clavus__corn a hard thickening of the skin (especially on the top or sides of the toes) caused by the pressure of ill-fitting shoes
subtype: calcification.hardening tissue hardened by deposition of lime salts
subtype: musca_volitans__muscae_volitantes__floater__spot spots before the eyes caused by opaque cell fragments in the vitreous humor and lens
subtype: febricity__fever__pyrexia__feverishness a rise in the temperature of the body; frequently a symptom of infection
subtype: hyperpyrexia extremely high fever (especially in children)
subtype: atrophy__wasting__wasting_away__wastingaway a decrease in size of an organ caused by disease or disuse
subtype: amyotrophia__amyotrophy progressive wasting of muscle tissues
subtype: tabes__tabe wasting of the body during a chronic disease
subtype: kraurosis__kraurosi atrophy and shriveling of the skin or mucous membrane
subtype: kraurosis_vulvae__kraurosisvulvae kraurosis of the vulva; often a precancerous lesion
subtype: apnea transient cessation of respiration
subtype: periodic_apnea_of_the_newborn irregular breathing of newborns; periods of rapid breathing followed by apnea; believed to be associated with sudden infant death syndrome
subtype: sleep_apnea__sleepapnea apnea that occurs during sleep
subtype: sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
subtype: dyspnea__dyspnoea difficult or labored respiration
subtype: orthopnea form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect; associated with asthma and emphysema and angina pectoris
subtype: shortness_of_breath__SOB__breathlessness a dyspneic condition
subtype: constipation__irregularity irregular and infrequent or difficult evacuation of the bowels; can be a symptom of intestinal obstruction or diverticulitis
subtype: dyschezia difficulty in defecating (usually as a consequence of long continued voluntary suppression of the urge to defecate)
subtype: fecal_impaction__fecalimpaction accumulation of hardened feces in the rectum or lower colon which the person cannot move
subtype: obstipation severe constipation resulting from an obstruction in the intestines
subtype: diarrhea__diarrhoea__looseness_of_the_bowels frequent and watery bowel movements; can be a symptom of infection or food poisoning or colitis or a gastrointestinal tumor
subtype: the_shits__theshit__the_trots__thetrot obscene terms for diarrhea
subtype: Montezuma's_revenge diarrhea contracted in Mexico or Central America
subtype: dizziness__dizzines__giddines__lightheadednes a reeling sensation; feeling about to fall
subtype: anaemia__anemia a lack of vitality
subtype: wheeziness presence of abnormal high-pitched sound heard with a stethoscope when an airway is blocked (as in asthma or chronic bronchitis)
subtype: withdrawal_symptom any physical or psychological disturbance (as sweating or depression) experienced by a drug addict when deprived of the drug
subtype: areflexia absence of a reflex; a sign of possible nerve damage
subtype: myoglobinuria the presence of myoglobin in the urine
subtype: oliguria.symptom abnormally small production of urine; can be a symptom of kidney disease or obstruction of the urinary tract or edema or an imbalance of fluids and electrolytes in the body
subtype: eosinophilia a symptom of allergic states; increased eosinophils in the blood
subtype: rhinorrhea persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose (as in the common cold)
subtype: steatorrhea the presence of greater than normal amounts of fat in the feces which are frothy and foul smelling and floating; a symptom of disorders of fat metabolism and malabsorption syndrome
subtype: stridor a whistling sound when breathing (usually heard on inspiration); indicates obstruction of the trachea or larynx
subtype: tinnitus a ringing or booming sensation in one or both ears; a symptom of an ear infection or Meniere's disease
subtype: uratemia presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
subtype: uraturia presence of abnormally large amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
subtype: uricaciduria presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
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