#enzyme  any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
  supertype:  #protein  any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of long chains of polypeptides
  part:  #active_site
  subtype:  #amylase  any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
     subtype:  #ptyalin  an amylase secreted in saliva
  subtype:  #cholinesterase  an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
  subtype:  #coagulase  an enzyme that induces coagulation
     subtype:  #thrombin  an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
     subtype:  #rennin__chymosin  an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
  subtype:  #complement.enzyme  one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
  subtype:  #catalase  enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water
  subtype:  #cyclooxygenase__Cox  either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
     subtype:  #cyclooxygenase-1__Cox-1  an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys; "an unfortunate side effect of Nsaids is that they block Cox-1"
     subtype:  #cyclooxygenase-2__Cox-2  an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever; "the beneficial effects of Nsaids result from their ability to block Cox-2"
  subtype:  #decarboxylase  any of the enzymes that that hydrolize the carboxyl group
  subtype:  #de-iodinase  an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
  subtype:  #enterokinase  enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
  subtype:  #histaminase  enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
  subtype:  #hyaluronidase__spreading_factor__spreadingfactor__hyazyme  an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
  subtype:  #isomerase  an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
  subtype:  #kinase  an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
  subtype:  #lactase__lactaid  any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
  subtype:  #lipase  an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
  subtype:  #lysozyme__muramidase  an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
  subtype:  #monoamine_oxidase__monoamineoxidase__MAO  an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
  subtype:  #nitrogenase  an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
  subtype:  #oxidase  any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
     subtype:  #peroxidase  any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide
        subtype:  #glutathione_peroxidase__glutathioneperoxidase  an enzyme in the body that is a powerful scavenger of free radicals
  subtype:  #oxidoreductase  an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
     subtype:  #oxygenase  an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen
  subtype:  #papain  a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
  subtype:  #penicillinase__betalactamase  enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
  subtype:  #pepsin  an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
  subtype:  #pepsinogen  precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
  subtype:  #phosphatase  any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
  subtype:  #plasmin__fibrinolysin  an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
     subtype:  #plasminogen  an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents
  subtype:  #polymerase  an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
     subtype:  #transcriptase  a polymerase associated with the process of transcription
     subtype:  #reverse_transcriptase__reversetranscriptase  a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses
  subtype:  #protease__peptidase__proteinase__proteolytic_enzyme__proteolyticenzyme  any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
     subtype:  #caspase  any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
     subtype:  #angiotensin_converting_enzyme  proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
     subtype:  #plasminogen_activator__plasminogenactivator__urokinase  protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
     subtype:  #renin  a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
  subtype:  #reductase  an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
     subtype:  #HMG-CoA_reductase__5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme_A_reductase  a liver enzyme that is responsible for producing cholesterol
  subtype:  #rennin__chymosin  an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
  subtype:  #secretase  a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
  subtype:  #streptodornase  an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
  subtype:  #streptokinase  an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
  subtype:  #superoxide_dismutase__SOD  an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; "oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes"
  subtype:  #transaminase  a class of enzymes that cause transamination
     subtype:  #glutamic_oxalacetic_transaminase__glutamic_oxaloacetic_transaminase  an enzyme involved in transamination
  subtype:  #trypsin  an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
     subtype:  #trypsinogen  inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine
  subtype:  #zymase  a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms

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