#endoskeleton the internal skeleton; bony and cartilaginous structure (especially of vertebrates)
supertype: skeletal_system__skeleton__frame__systema_skeletale__systemaskeletale the hard structure (bones and cartilages) that provides a frame for the body of an animal
part: bone__os rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
part: socket.bodily_cavity a bony hollow into which a structure fits
part: bone_marrow__marrow the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
part: lamella.tissue_layer a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones
part: bone_cell a cell that is part of a bone
part: condyle a round bump on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
part: coronoid_process__processus_coronoideus__processuscoronoideu a sharp triangular process projecting from a bone
part: intercellular_substance__intercellularsubstance__matrix__ground_substance the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded
part: clavicle__collarbone bone linking the scapula and sternum
part: subclavian_artery__arteria_subclavia__arteriasubclavia either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms
part: scapula__shoulder_blade__shoulder_bone either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
part: glenoid_cavity__glenoidcavity__glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint
part: acromion the outermost point of the spine of the shoulder blade
part: appendicular_skeleton the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs
part: limb one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper
part: extremity.external_body_part that part of a limb that is farthest from the torso
part: pectoral_girdle a skeletal support to which the forelimbs of vertebrates are attached
part: shoulder_girdle__pectoral_arch the bony arch formed by the collarbones and shoulder blades in humans
part: pelvis__pelvic_girdle__pelvic_arch__hip the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates
part: coccyx__tail_bone the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
part: coccygeal_vertebra__coccygealvertebra__caudal_vertebra one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
part: hipbone__innominate_bone__innominatebone large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis
part: acetabulum__cotyloid_cavity the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
part: ilium the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
part: iliac_artery__iliacartery__arteria_iliaca__arteriailiaca one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs
part: os_pubis__pubis__pubi__pubic_bone__pubicbone one of the three sections of the hipbone; together the two pubic bones form the front of the pelvis
part: sacrum wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx
part: sacral_vertebra one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum
part: hip_joint__hipjoint__hip__coxa__articulatio_coxae__articulatiocoxae the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the acetabulum
part: ischium__ischial_bone__ischialbone__os_ischii one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
part: axial_skeleton__axialskeleton the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs
part: sternum the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
part: corpus_sternum__gladiolus__gladiolu the large central part of the breastbone
part: manubrium the upper part of the breastbone
part: xiphoid_process__xiphoidproces smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib
part: skull the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
part: craniometric_point a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken
part: cheekbone__zygomatic_bone__zygomaticbone__mala__malar_bone__malarbone__jugal_bone__jugalbone__os_zygomaticum the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
part: jugale__jugal_point__jugalpoint the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
part: zygoma__zygomatic_arch__zygomaticarch__arcus_zygomaticus__arcuszygomaticu the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
part: zygomatic_process__zygomaticproces a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch
part: sphenoid_bone__sphenoid__os_sphenoidale butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
part: crotaphion the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
part: pterygoid_process__pterygoidproces two bony processes descending from the body of the sphenoid bone
part: eye_socket__eyesocket__orbit__cranial_orbit__cranialorbit__orbital_cavity__orbitalcavity the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
part: lacrimal_bone small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
part: endocranium membrane lining the inside of the skull
part: cranium__braincase__brainpan the part of the skull that encloses the brain
part: asterion the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture
part: stephanion the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus
part: ethmoid_bone__ethmoidbone__ethmoid one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
part: temporal_bone__os_temporale a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
part: glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa__mandibular_fossa a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible
part: tympanic_bone the bone enclosing the middle ear
part: mastoid_process__mastoidproces__mastoid__mastoidal process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
part: mastoidale the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
part: styloid_process extends from the base of the temporal bone
part: calvaria__skullcap the dome of the skull
part: frontal_bone__frontalbone__os_frontale__forehead the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits
part: glabella__mesophyron a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges
part: metopion the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull
part: ophryon the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits
part: frontal_eminence__frontaleminence either prominence of the frontal bone above each orbit
part: parietal_bone either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
part: entomion the craniometric point at the tip of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone
part: sphenion the anterior tip of the parietal bone
part: occipital_bone__occipitalbone a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
part: inion the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)
part: occipital_protuberance__occipitalprotuberance prominence on the outer surface of the occipital bone
part: coronal_suture__coronalsuture__sutura_coronalis the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
part: frontal_suture__frontalsuture__sutura_frontalis the suture between two halves of the frontal bone (usually obliterated by the age of 6)
part: lamboid_suture__lamboidsuture__sutura_lamboidea the suture between the occipital and parietal bones
part: occipitomastoid_suture__occipitomastoidsuture the suture between the occipital and the temporal bones; a continuation of the lamboid suture
part: parietomastoid_suture the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones
part: sagittal_suture__interparietal_suture__interparietalsuture__sutura_sagittalis the suture uniting the two parietal bones
part: fontanelle__fontanel__soft_spot any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus
part: foramen_magnum__foramenmagnum the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes
part: jaw the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
part: lower_jaw__lowerjaw__mandible__mandibula__submaxilla__lower_jawbone__lowerjawbone__jawbone__jowl the lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth
part: gnathion the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline
part: gonion the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw
part: mandibular_notch small indentation in the middle of the lower jawbone
part: pogonion the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin
part: symphysion the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible
part: condylar_process__condyloid_process__condyloidproces__mandibular_condyle the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
part: coronoid_process_of_the_mandible the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle
part: coronion the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
part: upper_jaw__upperjaw__upper_jawbone__upperjawbone__maxilla the upper jawbone in vertebrates ; it is fused to the cranium
part: hard_palate the bony part of the roof of the mouth
part: intermaxillary_suture__sutura_intermaxillaris the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone
part: alveolar_arch the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set
part: alveolar_ridge__gum_ridge__gumridge__alveolar_process a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
part: tooth_socket__toothsocket__alveolus a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth
part: alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
part: vomer thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
part: rib_cage__ribcage the bony enclosing wall of the chest
part: spinal_column__vertebral_column__vertebralcolumn__spine__backbone__back__rachis the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"
part: spinal_canal__vertebral_canal__vertebralcanal__canalis_vertebralis__canalisvertebrali the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes
part: coccyx__tail_bone the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
part: vertebra one of the bony segments of the spinal column
part: centrum the main body of a vertebra
part: hemal_arch__hemalarch__haemal_arch a structure arising ventrally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the caudal blood vessels
part: neural_arch__vertebral_arch__vertebralarch a structure arising dorsally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the spinal cord
part: apophysis__apophysi (anatomy) a natural outgrowth or projection on an organ or part such as the process of a vertebra
part: transverse_process one of two processes that extend from each vertebra and provide the point of articulation for the ribs
part: intervertebral_disc__intervertebral_disk a fibrocartilaginous disc serving as a cushion between all of the vertebrae of the spinal column (except between the first two)
part: arm_bone__armbone a bone in the arm
part: leg_bone__legbone a bone of the leg
part: articulatio__joint__articulation (anatomy) the point of connection between two bones or elements of a skeleton (especially if the articulation allows motion)
part: hip_socket__hipsocket the socket part of the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the innominate bone
part: articular_muscle__articularmuscle a muscle that inserts directly onto the capsule of a joint
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