#due_process_of_law__due_process__dueproces  (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards
  supertype:  #group_action__groupaction  action taken by a group of people
  subtype:  #judicial_proceeding__proceeding__legal_proceeding__legalproceeding__proceedings__proceeding  (law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked
     subtype:  #foreclosure  the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default
     subtype:  #procedure  a mode of conducting legal and parliamentary proceedings
        subtype:  #bureaucratic_procedure__red_tape__redtape  needlessly time-consuming procedure
     subtype:  #legal_action__legalaction__action__action_at_law  a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong
        subtype:  #antitrust_case__antitrustcase  a legal action brought against parties who are charged with limiting free competition in the market place
        subtype:  #counterclaim  a claim filed in opposition to another claim in a legal action
        subtype:  #custody_case__custodycase  a legal action to determine custody (usually of children following a divorce)
        subtype:  #test_case__test_suit  a representative legal action whose outcome is likely to become a precedent
        subtype:  #lis_pendens__lispenden  a pending lawsuit
     subtype:  #lawsuit__suit__case__cause__causa  (law) a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; "the family brought suit against the landlord"
        subtype:  #civil_suit__civilsuit  a lawsuit alleging violations of civil law by the defendant
        subtype:  #class_action__classaction__class-action_suit  a lawsuit brought by a representative member of a large group of people on behalf of all members of the group
        subtype:  #criminal_suit  a lawsuit alleging violations of criminal law by the defendant
        subtype:  #paternity_suit__paternitysuit__bastardy_proceeding  a lawsuit filed to determine the father of a child born out of wedlock (and to provide for the support of the child once paternity is determined)
     subtype:  #adoption  a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents (including the right to inherit)
     subtype:  #appeal  a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial
     subtype:  #bankruptcy  a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared in bankruptcy
     subtype:  #receivership.judicial_proceeding  a court action that places property under the control of a receiver during litigation so that it can be preserved for the benefit of all
     subtype:  #litigation  a judicial proceeding
        subtype:  #custody_battle__custodybattle  litigation to settle custody of the children of a divorced couple
     subtype:  #naturalization__naturalisation  the proceeding whereby a foreigner is granted citizenship
     subtype:  #trial  (law) legal proceedings consisting of the judicial examination of issues by a competent tribunal; "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial"
        subtype:  #mistrial  a trial that is invalid or inconclusive
        subtype:  #retrial  a new trial in which issues already litigated and to which the court has already rendered a verdict or decision are reexamined by the same court; occurs when the initial trial is found to have been improper or unfair due to procedural errors
     subtype:  #trial.judicial_proceeding  (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law; "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty"
        subtype:  #show_trial  a trial held for show; the guilt of the accused person has been decided in advance
        subtype:  #court-martial__courtmartial  a trial by court martial
        subtype:  #Scopes_trial  a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school; Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later reversed
     subtype:  #review  (law) a judicial reexamination of the proceedings of a court (especially by an appellate court)
        subtype:  #bill_of_review  a proceeding brought to obtain an explanation or an alteration or a reversal of a decree by the court that rended it
        subtype:  #judicial_review  review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court
     subtype:  #hearing  a proceeding (usually by a court of law) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence
        subtype:  #administrative_hearing  a hearing that takes place outside the judicial process before hearing examiners who have been granted judicial authority specifically for the purpose of conducting such hearings
        subtype:  #competence_hearing  a hearing to determine legal capacity (to determine whether the defendant can understand the charges and cooperate with a lawyer in preparing a defense)
        subtype:  #fair_hearing  a hearing that is granted in extraordinary situations where the normal judicial process would be inadequate to secure due process because the person would be harmed or denied their rights before a judicial remedy became available (as in deportation or loss of welfare benefits)
        subtype:  #quo_warranto__quowarranto  a hearing to determine by what authority someone has an office or franchise or liberty
  subtype:  #presentment.due_process_of_law__notification  an accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative
  subtype:  #judicial_decision__judgment__judgement  (law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it
     subtype:  #reversal.judicial_decision  a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was incorrect and should be set aside
     subtype:  #affirmation  a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was correct and should stand
     subtype:  #confession_of_judgment__confession_of_judgement__cognovit_judgment__cognovit_judgement  a judgment entered after a written confession by the debtor without the expense of ordinary legal proceedings
     subtype:  #default_judgment__defaultjudgment__default_judgement__defaultjudgement__judgment_by_default__judgement_by_default  a judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff when the defendant defaults (fails to appear in court)
     subtype:  #non_prosequitur__nonprosequitur__non_pros  a judgment entered in favor of the defendant when the plaintiff has not continued his action
     subtype:  #final_judgment__finaljudgment__final_decision__finaldecision  a judgment disposing of the case before the court; after the judgment (or an appeal from it) is rendered all that remains is to enforce the judgment
        subtype:  #judgment_of_conviction__conviction__sentence  a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise"
           subtype:  #murder_conviction  conviction for murder
           subtype:  #rape_conviction__rapeconviction  conviction for rape
           subtype:  #robbery_conviction__robberyconviction  conviction for robbery
        subtype:  #acquittal  a judgment of not guilty
     subtype:  #judgment_in_personam__judgement_in_personam__personal_judgment__personal_judgement  a judgment rendered against an individual (or corporation) for the payment of money damages
     subtype:  #judgment_in_rem__judgement_in_rem  a judgment pronounced on the status of some particular subject or property or thing (as opposed to one pronounced on persons)
     subtype:  #judgment_of_dismissal__judgement_of_dismissal__dismissal  a judgment disposing of the matter without a trial
     subtype:  #judgment_on_the_merits__judgement_on_the_merits  judgment rendered through analysis and adjudication of the factual issues presented
     subtype:  #summary_judgment__summaryjudgment__summary_judgement__summaryjudgement__judgment_on_the_pleadings__judgement_on_the_pleadings  a judgment rendered by the court prior to a verdict because no material issue of fact exists and one party or the other is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law
     subtype:  #arbitrament__arbitration__arbitrement  the act of deciding as an arbiter; giving authoritative judgment; "they submitted their disagreement to arbitration"
     subtype:  #ruling__opinion  the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself)
        subtype:  #Bakke_decision  a ruling by the Supreme Court on affirmative action; the Court ruled in 1978 that medical schools are entitled to consider race as a factor in their admission policy
        subtype:  #fatwa  a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority
     subtype:  #finding  the decision of a court on issues of fact or law
        subtype:  #verdict__finding_of_fact  (law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment
           subtype:  #compromise_verdict  a verdict resulting from improper compromises between jurors on material issues
              subtype:  #quotient_verdict  an improper and unacceptable kind of compromise verdict
           subtype:  #directed_verdict  a verdict entered by the court in a jury trial without consideration by the jury; there cannot be a directed verdict of guilty in a criminal trial
           subtype:  #false_verdict__falseverdict  a manifestly unjust verdict; not true to the evidence
           subtype:  #general_verdict__generalverdict  an ordinary verdict declaring which party prevails without any special findings of fact
           subtype:  #partial_verdict__partialverdict  a finding (in criminal law) that the defendant is guilty of some charges but innocent of others
           subtype:  #special_verdict__specialverdict  a verdict rendered on certain specific factual issues posed by the court without finding for one party or the other
        subtype:  #finding_of_law__conclusion_of_law  a finding as to the applicability of a rule of law to particular facts
  subtype:  #eviction__dispossession__legalouster  the expulsion of someone (such as a tenant) from the possession of land by process of law
     subtype:  #ouster  a wrongful dispossession
     subtype:  #actual_eviction  the physical ouster of a tenant from the leased premises; the tenant is relieved of any further duty to pay rent
     subtype:  #retaliatory_eviction__retaliatoryeviction  an eviction in reprisal for the tenant's good-faith complaints against the landlord; illegal in many states
  subtype:  #plea  an answer indicating why a suit should be dismissed
  subtype:  #prosecution  the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant
     subtype:  #double_jeopardy  the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; prohibited in the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution
  subtype:  #defence__denial__demurrer  a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him; "he gave evidence for the defense"
     subtype:  #entrapment  a defense in which claims the defendant would not have broken the law if not tricked into doing it be law enforcement officials

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