#due_process_of_law__due_process__dueproces (law) the administration of justice according to established rules and principles; based on the principle that a person cannot be deprived of life or liberty or property without appropriate legal procedures and safeguards supertype: group_action__groupaction action taken by a group of people subtype: judicial_proceeding__proceeding__legal_proceeding__legalproceeding__proceedings__proceeding (law) the institution of a sequence of steps by which legal judgments are invoked subtype: foreclosure the legal proceedings initiated by a creditor to repossess the collateral for loan that is in default subtype: procedure a mode of conducting legal and parliamentary proceedings subtype: bureaucratic_procedure__red_tape__redtape needlessly time-consuming procedure subtype: legal_action__legalaction__action__action_at_law a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong subtype: antitrust_case__antitrustcase a legal action brought against parties who are charged with limiting free competition in the market place subtype: counterclaim a claim filed in opposition to another claim in a legal action subtype: custody_case__custodycase a legal action to determine custody (usually of children following a divorce) subtype: test_case__test_suit a representative legal action whose outcome is likely to become a precedent subtype: lis_pendens__lispenden a pending lawsuit subtype: lawsuit__suit__case__cause__causa (law) a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; "the family brought suit against the landlord" subtype: civil_suit__civilsuit a lawsuit alleging violations of civil law by the defendant subtype: class_action__classaction__class-action_suit a lawsuit brought by a representative member of a large group of people on behalf of all members of the group subtype: criminal_suit a lawsuit alleging violations of criminal law by the defendant subtype: paternity_suit__paternitysuit__bastardy_proceeding a lawsuit filed to determine the father of a child born out of wedlock (and to provide for the support of the child once paternity is determined) subtype: adoption a legal proceeding that creates a parent-child relation between persons not related by blood; the adopted child is entitled to all privileges belonging to a natural child of the adoptive parents (including the right to inherit) subtype: appeal a legal proceeding in which the appellant resorts to a higher court for the purpose of obtaining a review of a lower court decision and a reversal of the lower court's judgment or the granting of a new trial subtype: bankruptcy a legal process intended to insure equality among the creditors of a corporation declared in bankruptcy subtype: receivership.judicial_proceeding a court action that places property under the control of a receiver during litigation so that it can be preserved for the benefit of all subtype: litigation a judicial proceeding subtype: custody_battle__custodybattle litigation to settle custody of the children of a divorced couple subtype: naturalization__naturalisation the proceeding whereby a foreigner is granted citizenship subtype: trial (law) legal proceedings consisting of the judicial examination of issues by a competent tribunal; "most of these complaints are settled before they go to trial" subtype: mistrial a trial that is invalid or inconclusive subtype: retrial a new trial in which issues already litigated and to which the court has already rendered a verdict or decision are reexamined by the same court; occurs when the initial trial is found to have been improper or unfair due to procedural errors subtype: trial.judicial_proceeding (law) the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due process of law; "he had a fair trial and the jury found him guilty" subtype: show_trial a trial held for show; the guilt of the accused person has been decided in advance subtype: court-martial__courtmartial a trial by court martial subtype: Scopes_trial a highly publicized trial in 1925 when John Thomas Scopes violated a Tennessee state law by teaching evolution in high school; Scopes was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow; Scopes was convicted but the verdict was later reversed subtype: review (law) a judicial reexamination of the proceedings of a court (especially by an appellate court) subtype: bill_of_review a proceeding brought to obtain an explanation or an alteration or a reversal of a decree by the court that rended it subtype: judicial_review review by a court of law of actions of a government official or entity or of some other legally appointed person or body or the review by an appellate court of the decision of a trial court subtype: hearing a proceeding (usually by a court of law) where evidence is taken for the purpose of determining an issue of fact and reaching a decision based on that evidence subtype: administrative_hearing a hearing that takes place outside the judicial process before hearing examiners who have been granted judicial authority specifically for the purpose of conducting such hearings subtype: competence_hearing a hearing to determine legal capacity (to determine whether the defendant can understand the charges and cooperate with a lawyer in preparing a defense) subtype: fair_hearing a hearing that is granted in extraordinary situations where the normal judicial process would be inadequate to secure due process because the person would be harmed or denied their rights before a judicial remedy became available (as in deportation or loss of welfare benefits) subtype: quo_warranto__quowarranto a hearing to determine by what authority someone has an office or franchise or liberty subtype: presentment.due_process_of_law__notification an accusation of crime made by a grand jury on its own initiative subtype: judicial_decision__judgment__judgement (law) the determination by a court of competent jurisdiction on matters submitted to it subtype: reversal.judicial_decision a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was incorrect and should be set aside subtype: affirmation a judgment by a higher court that the judgment of a lower court was correct and should stand subtype: confession_of_judgment__confession_of_judgement__cognovit_judgment__cognovit_judgement a judgment entered after a written confession by the debtor without the expense of ordinary legal proceedings subtype: default_judgment__defaultjudgment__default_judgement__defaultjudgement__judgment_by_default__judgement_by_default a judgment entered in favor of the plaintiff when the defendant defaults (fails to appear in court) subtype: non_prosequitur__nonprosequitur__non_pros a judgment entered in favor of the defendant when the plaintiff has not continued his action subtype: final_judgment__finaljudgment__final_decision__finaldecision a judgment disposing of the case before the court; after the judgment (or an appeal from it) is rendered all that remains is to enforce the judgment subtype: judgment_of_conviction__conviction__sentence a final judgment of guilty in a criminal case and the punishment that is imposed; "the conviction came as no surprise" subtype: murder_conviction conviction for murder subtype: rape_conviction__rapeconviction conviction for rape subtype: robbery_conviction__robberyconviction conviction for robbery subtype: acquittal a judgment of not guilty subtype: judgment_in_personam__judgement_in_personam__personal_judgment__personal_judgement a judgment rendered against an individual (or corporation) for the payment of money damages subtype: judgment_in_rem__judgement_in_rem a judgment pronounced on the status of some particular subject or property or thing (as opposed to one pronounced on persons) subtype: judgment_of_dismissal__judgement_of_dismissal__dismissal a judgment disposing of the matter without a trial subtype: judgment_on_the_merits__judgement_on_the_merits judgment rendered through analysis and adjudication of the factual issues presented subtype: summary_judgment__summaryjudgment__summary_judgement__summaryjudgement__judgment_on_the_pleadings__judgement_on_the_pleadings a judgment rendered by the court prior to a verdict because no material issue of fact exists and one party or the other is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law subtype: arbitrament__arbitration__arbitrement the act of deciding as an arbiter; giving authoritative judgment; "they submitted their disagreement to arbitration" subtype: ruling__opinion the reason for a court's judgment (as opposed to the decision itself) subtype: Bakke_decision a ruling by the Supreme Court on affirmative action; the Court ruled in 1978 that medical schools are entitled to consider race as a factor in their admission policy subtype: fatwa a ruling on a point of Islamic law that is given by a recognized authority subtype: finding the decision of a court on issues of fact or law subtype: verdict__finding_of_fact (law) the findings of a jury on issues of fact submitted to it for decision; can be used in formulating a judgment subtype: compromise_verdict a verdict resulting from improper compromises between jurors on material issues subtype: quotient_verdict an improper and unacceptable kind of compromise verdict subtype: directed_verdict a verdict entered by the court in a jury trial without consideration by the jury; there cannot be a directed verdict of guilty in a criminal trial subtype: false_verdict__falseverdict a manifestly unjust verdict; not true to the evidence subtype: general_verdict__generalverdict an ordinary verdict declaring which party prevails without any special findings of fact subtype: partial_verdict__partialverdict a finding (in criminal law) that the defendant is guilty of some charges but innocent of others subtype: special_verdict__specialverdict a verdict rendered on certain specific factual issues posed by the court without finding for one party or the other subtype: finding_of_law__conclusion_of_law a finding as to the applicability of a rule of law to particular facts subtype: eviction__dispossession__legalouster the expulsion of someone (such as a tenant) from the possession of land by process of law subtype: ouster a wrongful dispossession subtype: actual_eviction the physical ouster of a tenant from the leased premises; the tenant is relieved of any further duty to pay rent subtype: retaliatory_eviction__retaliatoryeviction an eviction in reprisal for the tenant's good-faith complaints against the landlord; illegal in many states subtype: plea an answer indicating why a suit should be dismissed subtype: prosecution the institution and conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant subtype: double_jeopardy the prosecution of a defendant for a criminal offense for which he has already been tried; prohibited in the fifth amendment to the United States Constitution subtype: defence__denial__demurrer a defendant's answer or plea denying the truth of the charges against him; "he gave evidence for the defense" subtype: entrapment a defense in which claims the defendant would not have broken the law if not tricked into doing it be law enforcement officials
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