#chemical_process__chemical_change__chemical_action  any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
  supertype:  #natural_process__naturalproces__natural_action__naturalaction__action__activity  a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity"
  subtype:  #Acheson_process  process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
  subtype:  #acylation  the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
     subtype:  #acetylation  the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound; "the acetylation of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin"
  subtype:  #agglutinating_activity__agglutinatingactivity  the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated
  subtype:  #amylolysis  conversion of starch to sugar
  subtype:  #association.chemical_process  any process of combination (in solution) that depend on relatively weak chemical bonding
     subtype:  #hydration  the process of combining with water; usually reversible
     subtype:  #solvation  a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound
  subtype:  #bluing__blueing  a process that makes something blue (or bluish)
  subtype:  #calcification  a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
  subtype:  #catalysis__catalysi  acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
     subtype:  #autocatalysis__autocatalysi  catalysis in which the catalyst is one of the products of the reaction
  subtype:  #chelation  the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds
  subtype:  #chemical_reaction__reaction  (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; "there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water"
     subtype:  #addition_reaction  a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another
     subtype:  #aldol_reaction__aldolreaction  a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol
     subtype:  #chain_reaction__chainreaction  a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next
     subtype:  #chemical_equilibrium__equilibrium  a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates
        subtype:  #acid-base_equilibrium__acid-base_balance  (physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body; "with a normal acid-base balance in the body the blood is slightly alkaline"
     subtype:  #decomposition_reaction__decompositionreaction__decomposition  (chemistry) chemical separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance
     subtype:  #displacement_reaction__displacement  (chemistry) a chemical reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound
     subtype:  #double_decomposition_reaction__double_decomposition__metathesis  a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)
        subtype:  #double_replacement_reaction__doublereplacementreaction  a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound
     subtype:  #elimination_reaction__eliminationreaction  a chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules
     subtype:  #endothermic_reaction__endothermicreaction  a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
     subtype:  #exothermic_reaction  a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat
     subtype:  #hydrolysis  a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water
     subtype:  #neutralization_reaction__neutralization__neutralisation__neutralisation_reaction  a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water
     subtype:  #oxidation__oxidization__oxidisation  the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction
        subtype:  #calcination  the conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature
        subtype:  #combustion__burning  a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
           subtype:  #flame__fire__flaming  the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
              subtype:  #blazing__blaze  a strong flame that burns brightly; "the blaze spread rapidly"
              subtype:  #flare.flame  a sudden burst of flame
           subtype:  #internal_combustion  the combustion of fuel inside a cylinder (as in an internal-combustion engine)
        subtype:  #nitrification  the oxidation of ammonium compounds into nitrates by soil bacteria
        subtype:  #rusting__rust  the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
     subtype:  #oxidation-reduction__oxidationreduction__oxidoreduction__redox  a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
     subtype:  #photochemical_reaction__photochemicalreaction  a chemical reaction produced by the action of light
        subtype:  #light_reaction__lightreaction  the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP
     subtype:  #reduction.chemical_reaction__reducing  any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent
     subtype:  #saponification  a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
  subtype:  #chlorination.chemical_process  the addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds
     subtype:  #prechlorination  chlorination prior to another chemical process
  subtype:  #cleavage.chemical_process  the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules
  subtype:  #corroding__corrosion__erosion  erosion by chemical action
     subtype:  #pitting__roughnes  the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
     subtype:  #rusting__rust  the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
  subtype:  #cracking  the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)
     subtype:  #hydrocracking  the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
  subtype:  #cyanide_process__cyanideproces  a process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
  subtype:  #decalcification  loss of calcium from bones or teeth
  subtype:  #decarboxylation  the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)
  subtype:  #de-iodination  the removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds
  subtype:  #desalination__desalinization__desalinisation  the removal of salt (especially from sea water)
  subtype:  #digestion.chemical_process  the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria
  subtype:  #dissociation.chemical_process  (chemistry) the temporary or reversible chemical process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions
  subtype:  #gasification  the process of changing into gas; "coal gas is produced by the gasification of coal"
  subtype:  #gassing.chemical_process  the process of interacting with gas
  subtype:  #hydrogenation  a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil; "food producers use hydrogenation to keep fat from becoming rancid"
  subtype:  #swelling__intumescence__intumescency  the swelling of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)
  subtype:  #iodination  the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds
  subtype:  #chemical_mechanism__mechanism  the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction; "he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
     subtype:  #biochemical_mechanism__biochemicalmechanism  a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms
  subtype:  #peptization__peptisation  the process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution
  subtype:  #photosynthesis  synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)
  subtype:  #polymerization__polymerisation  a process of combining several molecules to form a polymer or polymeric compound
  subtype:  #precipitation.chemical_process  the process of forming a chemical precipitate
  subtype:  #proteolysis__proteolysi  the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds
  subtype:  #Solvay_process  a process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
  subtype:  #syneresis__syneresi__synaeresis  the separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making)
  subtype:  #synthesis.chemical_process__synthesi  the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
     subtype:  #biosynthesis__biogenesis  production of a chemical compound by a living organism
     subtype:  #chemosynthesis  synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water; limited to certain bacteria and fungi
  subtype:  #transamination  the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another
  subtype:  #zymolysis__zymolysi__zymosis__fermentation__fermenting__ferment  a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
     subtype:  #vinification  the process whereby fermentation changes grape juice into wine

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