#chemical_process__chemical_change__chemical_action any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
supertype: #natural_process__naturalproces__natural_action__naturalaction__action__activity a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity"
subtype: #Acheson_process process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
subtype: #acylation the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
subtype: #acetylation the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound; "the acetylation of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin"
subtype: #agglutinating_activity__agglutinatingactivity the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated
subtype: #amylolysis conversion of starch to sugar
subtype: #association.chemical_process any process of combination (in solution) that depend on relatively weak chemical bonding
subtype: #hydration the process of combining with water; usually reversible
subtype: #solvation a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound
subtype: #bluing__blueing a process that makes something blue (or bluish)
subtype: #calcification a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
subtype: #catalysis__catalysi acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
subtype: #autocatalysis__autocatalysi catalysis in which the catalyst is one of the products of the reaction
subtype: #chelation the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds
subtype: #chemical_reaction__reaction (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; "there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water"
subtype: #addition_reaction a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another
subtype: #aldol_reaction__aldolreaction a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol
subtype: #chain_reaction__chainreaction a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next
subtype: #chemical_equilibrium__equilibrium a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates
subtype: #acid-base_equilibrium__acid-base_balance (physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body; "with a normal acid-base balance in the body the blood is slightly alkaline"
subtype: #decomposition_reaction__decompositionreaction__decomposition (chemistry) chemical separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance
subtype: #displacement_reaction__displacement (chemistry) a chemical reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound
subtype: #double_decomposition_reaction__double_decomposition__metathesis a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)
subtype: #double_replacement_reaction__doublereplacementreaction a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound
subtype: #elimination_reaction__eliminationreaction a chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules
subtype: #endothermic_reaction__endothermicreaction a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
subtype: #exothermic_reaction a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat
subtype: #hydrolysis a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water
subtype: #neutralization_reaction__neutralization__neutralisation__neutralisation_reaction a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water
subtype: #oxidation__oxidization__oxidisation the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction
subtype: #calcination the conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature
subtype: #combustion__burning a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
subtype: #flame__fire__flaming the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
subtype: #blazing__blaze a strong flame that burns brightly; "the blaze spread rapidly"
subtype: #flare.flame a sudden burst of flame
subtype: #internal_combustion the combustion of fuel inside a cylinder (as in an internal-combustion engine)
subtype: #nitrification the oxidation of ammonium compounds into nitrates by soil bacteria
subtype: #rusting__rust the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
subtype: #oxidation-reduction__oxidationreduction__oxidoreduction__redox a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
subtype: #photochemical_reaction__photochemicalreaction a chemical reaction produced by the action of light
subtype: #light_reaction__lightreaction the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP
subtype: #reduction.chemical_reaction__reducing any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent
subtype: #saponification a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
subtype: #chlorination.chemical_process the addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds
subtype: #prechlorination chlorination prior to another chemical process
subtype: #cleavage.chemical_process the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules
subtype: #corroding__corrosion__erosion erosion by chemical action
subtype: #pitting__roughnes the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
subtype: #rusting__rust the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
subtype: #cracking the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)
subtype: #hydrocracking the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
subtype: #cyanide_process__cyanideproces a process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
subtype: #decalcification loss of calcium from bones or teeth
subtype: #decarboxylation the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)
subtype: #de-iodination the removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds
subtype: #desalination__desalinization__desalinisation the removal of salt (especially from sea water)
subtype: #digestion.chemical_process the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria
subtype: #dissociation.chemical_process (chemistry) the temporary or reversible chemical process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions
subtype: #gasification the process of changing into gas; "coal gas is produced by the gasification of coal"
subtype: #gassing.chemical_process the process of interacting with gas
subtype: #hydrogenation a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil; "food producers use hydrogenation to keep fat from becoming rancid"
subtype: #swelling__intumescence__intumescency the swelling of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)
subtype: #iodination the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds
subtype: #chemical_mechanism__mechanism the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction; "he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
subtype: #biochemical_mechanism__biochemicalmechanism a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms
subtype: #peptization__peptisation the process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution
subtype: #photosynthesis synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)
subtype: #polymerization__polymerisation a process of combining several molecules to form a polymer or polymeric compound
subtype: #precipitation.chemical_process the process of forming a chemical precipitate
subtype: #proteolysis__proteolysi the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds
subtype: #Solvay_process a process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
subtype: #syneresis__syneresi__synaeresis the separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making)
subtype: #synthesis.chemical_process__synthesi the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
subtype: #biosynthesis__biogenesis production of a chemical compound by a living organism
subtype: #chemosynthesis synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water; limited to certain bacteria and fungi
subtype: #transamination the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another
subtype: #zymolysis__zymolysi__zymosis__fermentation__fermenting__ferment a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
subtype: #vinification the process whereby fermentation changes grape juice into wine
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