#cell  the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
  supertype:  entity_that_can_be_or_was_alive (pm)  e.g., an animal, a cell
  part:  cell_wall  energid  cytoplasm  cell_nucleus  organelle  vacuole
  part of:  living_thing
  subtype:  blastomere  any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg
  subtype:  flagellated_cell__flagellatedcell  any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
     subtype:  choanocyte__collar_cell  any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body
  subtype:  Kupffer's_cell  specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria and foreign proteins and worn-out blood cells
  subtype:  somatic_cell__somaticcell  any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells
     subtype:  skin_cell  any of the cells making up the skin
        subtype:  epidermal_cell__epidermalcell  any of the cells making up the epidermis
           subtype:  melanoblast  an epidermal cell that is a precursor of a melanocyte
           subtype:  melanocyte  a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone
        subtype:  prickle_cell__pricklecell  a cell in the germinal layer of the skin (the prickle-cell layer); has many spines and radiating processes
     subtype:  epithelial_cell  one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium
        subtype:  columnar_cell__columnar_epithelial_cell  an epithelial cell that is shaped like a column; some have cilia
           subtype:  spongioblast  any of various columnar epithelial cells in the central nervous system that develop into neuroglia
        subtype:  cuboidal_cell__cuboidal_epithelial_cell  an epithelial cell that shaped like a cube
        subtype:  goblet_cell  an epithelial cell that secretes mucous
        subtype:  hair_cell  a sensory epithelial cell present in the Organ of Corti
        subtype:  squamous_cell  an epithelial cell that is flat like a plate and form a single layer of epithelial tissue
        subtype:  taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell  an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
     subtype:  neoplastic_cell  a cell that is part of tumor
        subtype:  cancer_cell  a cell that is part of a malignant tumor
     subtype:  bone_cell  a cell that is part of a bone
        subtype:  megakaryocyte  a large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets
        subtype:  osteoclast  cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue
        subtype:  osteocyte  mature bone cell
     subtype:  blood_cell__bloodcell__blood_corpuscle__bloodcorpuscle__corpuscle  either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets
        subtype:  leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC  blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
           subtype:  myelocyte  an immature leukocyte normally found in bone marrow
           subtype:  myeloblast  a precursor of leukocytes that normally occurs only in bone marrow
           subtype:  lymphocyte__lymph_cell__lymphcell  an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection
              subtype:  B_cell__B_lymphocyte  a lymphocyte derived from bone marrow that provides humoral immunity; it recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and mature into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens
              subtype:  T_cell__T_lymphocyte  a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells
                 subtype:  helper_T_cell__CD4_T_cell__CD4_cell  T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells
                 subtype:  killer_T_cell__CD8_T_cell__CD8_cell  T cell with CD8 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and binds to the infected cell and kill it
              subtype:  lymphoblast  an immature lymphocyte
              subtype:  plasma_cell__plasmacyte  a lymphocyte-like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood
                 subtype:  plasmablast  the precursor of a plasma cell
           subtype:  granulocyte  a leukocyte that has granules in its cytoplasm
           subtype:  monocyte  a type of granular leukocyte that functions in the ingestion of bacteria
              subtype:  monoblast  a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow
           subtype:  basophil__basophile  a leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stains
           subtype:  neutrophil__neutrophile  the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes
              subtype:  microphage  a neutrophil that ingests small things (as bacteria)
           subtype:  eosinophil__eosinophile  a leukocyte readily stained with eosin
        subtype:  packed_cells  a preparation of blood cells separated from the liquid plasma; "packed cells are given to severely anemic patients in order to avoid overloading the circulatory system with too much fluid"
        subtype:  red_blood_cell__redbloodcell__RBC__erythrocyte  a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus
           subtype:  megalocyte__macrocyte  abnormally large red blood cell (associated with pernicious anemia)
           subtype:  megaloblast  abnormally large red blood cell present in pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency
           subtype:  acanthocyte  an abnormal red blood cell that has thorny projections of protoplasm
           subtype:  microcyte  an abnormally small red blood cell (less than 5 microns in diameter)
           subtype:  reticulocyte  an immature red blood cell containing a network of filaments or granules
           subtype:  sickle_cell  an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
           subtype:  siderocyte  an abnormal red blood cell containing granules of iron not bound in hemoglobin
           subtype:  spherocyte  an abnormal spherical red blood cell
           subtype:  target_cell  an abnormal red blood cell with a ringed appearance; associated with anemia
     subtype:  phagocyte__scavenger_cell__scavengercell  a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms
        subtype:  macrophage  a large phagocyte; some are fixed and other circulate in the blood stream
           subtype:  histiocyte  a macrophage that is found in connective tissue
        subtype:  fixed_phagocyte  a phagocyte that does not circulate in the blood but is fixed in the liver or spleen or bone marrow etc.
        subtype:  free_phagocyte  a phagocyte that circulates in the blood
           subtype:  leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC  blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
     subtype:  visual_cell  one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
        subtype:  retinal_cone__retinalcone__cone__cone_cell  visual receptor cell sensitive to color
        subtype:  retinal_rod__retinalrod__rod__rodcell  visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light
     subtype:  fat_cell__fatcell__adipose_cell__adiposecell  cells composed of fat
     subtype:  muscle_cell__muscle_fiber__muscle_fibre  an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body
        subtype:  striated_muscle_cell__striated_muscle_fiber  an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue
        subtype:  smooth_muscle_cell  cells of the smooth muscles
     subtype:  Schwann_cell  any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath
     subtype:  nerve_cell__nervecell__neuron  a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
        subtype:  brain_cell__braincell  a nerve cell in the brain
           subtype:  Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell  a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
           subtype:  Purkinje_cell  a large densely branching neuron that is the characteristic cell of the cerebellar cortex
        subtype:  motor_neuron__motorneuron__efferent_neuron__motor_nerve_fiber__motornervefiber__motoneuron  a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
        subtype:  sensory_neuron__sensoryneuron__afferent_neuron  a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord
     subtype:  neurogliacyte__neuroglial_cell__glial_cell__glialcell  a cell of the neuroglia
        subtype:  astrocyte  comparatively large neuroglial cell
           subtype:  fibrous_astrocyte__fibrousastrocyte  star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
           subtype:  protoplasmic_astrocyte  a kind of astrocyte found in the gray matter
        subtype:  microgliacyte  a cell of the microglia that may become phagocytic and collect waste products of nerve tissue
        subtype:  oligodendrocyte  a cell of the oligodendroglia
     subtype:  hybridoma  a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody
     subtype:  mast_cell__mastocyte__labrocyte  a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation
     subtype:  stem_cell  an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)
     subtype:  target_cell.somatic_cell__targetcell  any cell that has a specific receptor for antigen or antibody or hormone
  subtype:  blastema  a mass of undifferentiated cells from with an organ or body part develops
  subtype:  zygote__fertilized_ovum  the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
  subtype:  embryonic_cell__embryoniccell__formative_cell__formativecell  a cell of an embryo
     subtype:  blastocyte  an undifferentiated embryonic cell
     subtype:  ameloblast  a cell from which tooth enamel develops
     subtype:  osteoblast__bone-forming_cell  a cell from which bone develops
     subtype:  erythroblast  a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop
        subtype:  sideroblast  an erythroblast having granules of ferritin
     subtype:  fibroblast  a cell from which connective tissue develops
     subtype:  neuroblast  a cell from which a nerve cell develops
  subtype:  akaryocyte__akaryote__acaryote  a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)
  subtype:  reproductive_cell__germ_cell__sex_cell__sexcell  a spermatozoon or an ovum
     subtype:  gamete  a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
        subtype:  anisogamete  either of a pair of unlike gametes especially those unlike in size
        subtype:  isogamete  either of a pair of conjugating gametes of the same size and structure
        subtype:  sperm_cell__spermcell__sperm__spermatozoon__spermatozoan  the male reproductive cell; the male gamete
        subtype:  ovum__egg_cell__eggcell  the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
           subtype:  egg  animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds
              subtype:  nit  egg or young of an insect parasitic on mammals especially a sucking louse; often attached to a hair or item of clothing
              subtype:  spawn  the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs
                 subtype:  roe.spawn  the egg mass or spawn of certain crustaceans such as the lobster
              subtype:  roe  the eggs or egg-laden ovary of a fish
              subtype:  silkworm_seed  eggs of a silkworm
              subtype:  roe.egg  eggs of female fish
           subtype:  ootid  mature ovum after penetration by sperm but before the formation of a zygote
           subtype:  ovule.ovum  a small or immature ovum
        subtype:  spermatid  an immature gamete produced by a spermatocyte; develops into a spermatozoon
        subtype:  oosphere  used especially of lower plants
        subtype:  antherozoid__spermatozoid  a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
  subtype:  gametocyte  an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis
     subtype:  oocyte  a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
     subtype:  spermatocyte  a male gametocyte that develops into four spermatids
  subtype:  polar_body__polarbody  a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
  subtype:  Leydig_cell__Leydig's_cell  a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone
  subtype:  Sertoli_cell__Sertoli's_cell  elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids
  subtype:  archespore__archesporium  primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
  subtype:  mother_cell  cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops: "a sperm cell develops from a sperm mother cell"
     subtype:  spore_mother_cell  cell from which a spore develops
  subtype:  arthrospore  one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
  subtype:  arthrospore.cell  a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria

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