sumo#abstract__entity_without_spatial_feature  e.g., knowledge, motivation, measure; properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium; instances of sumo#abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place or time without some physical encoding or embodiment
  closed_exclusion:  sumo#physical  sumo#object
  supertype:  pm#non_spatial_object__nonspatialobject (pm)  abstraction or description content/medium/container (a description medium that has some spatial feature is both instance of sumo#object and pm#non_spatial_object
  subtype:  pm#psychological_entity__psychologicalentity  feature/product of mental activity, e.g., feeling
     subtype:  dl#mental_object__MOB  e.g., a percept, a sense datum
        subtype:  #sense_experience__senseexperience__sensation__sense_impression__senseimpression__sense_datum__sensedatum  an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; "a sensation of touch"
           subtype:  #limen__threshold  the smallest detectable sensation
              subtype:  #absolute_threshold  the lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
                 subtype:  #pain_threshold  the lowest intensity of stimulation at which pain is experienced; "some people have much higher pain thresholds than do other people"
              subtype:  #difference_threshold__differential_threshold__difference_limen__differential_limen  the smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect
                 subtype:  #just-noticeable_difference__jnd  (psychophysics) the difference between two stimuli that (under properly controlled experimental conditions) is detected as often as it is undetected
           subtype:  #masking  the blocking of one sensation resulting from the presence of another sensation; "he studied auditory masking by pure tones"
           subtype:  #visual_sensation__vision  the perceptual experience of seeing; "the runners emerged from the trees into his clear vision"; "he had a visual sensation of intense light"
           subtype:  #odor__smell__odour__olfactory_sensation__olfactorysensation__olfactory_perception__olfactoryperception  the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; "she loved the smell of roses"
              subtype:  #scent  an odor left in passing by which a person or animal can be traced
                 subtype:  #musk  the scent of musk
              subtype:  #aroma__fragrance__perfume  a distinctive odor that is pleasant
                 subtype:  #incense.aroma  the pleasing scent produced when incense is burned; "incense filled the room"
              subtype:  #malodor__malodour__stench__stink__reek__fetor__foetor  a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant
                 subtype:  #niff  (British slang) an unpleasant smell
              subtype:  #acridity__pungency  having an acrid smell
           subtype:  #taste_perception__tasteperception__taste__taste_sensation__tastesensation__gustatory_sensation__gustatorysensation__gustatory_perception__gustatoryperception  the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus; "the candy left him with a bad taste"; "the melon had a delicious taste"
              subtype:  #sapidity__relish__flavor__flavour__savor__savour__smack__tang  the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth
                 subtype:  #lemon.sapidity  a distinctive tart flavor characteristic of lemons
                 subtype:  #vanilla  a distinctive fragrant flavor characteristic of vanilla beans
              subtype:  #sweet__sweetness__sweetnes__sugarines  the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth
              subtype:  #tartness__sour__sourness  the taste experience when vinegar or lemon juice is taken into the mouth
                 subtype:  #acidulousness__acidulousnes  the taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth
              subtype:  #bitter.taste_perception__bitterness  the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
                 subtype:  #pungency__sharpness__sharpnes  having a sharp bitter flavor
              subtype:  #salinity__salt__saltiness  the taste experience when salt is taken into the mouth
              subtype:  #astringency__astringence  a sharp astringent taste; the taste experience when a substance causes the mouth to pucker
              subtype:  #finish.taste_perception  (wine tasting) the taste of a wine on the back of the tongue (as it is swallowed); "the wine has a nutty flavor and a pleasant finish"
           subtype:  #auditory_sensation__sound  the subjective sensation of hearing something; "he strained to hear the faint sounds"
              subtype:  #euphony__music  any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds; "he fell asleep to the music of the wind chimes"
                 subtype:  #music_of_the_spheres  an inaudible music that Pythagoras thought was produced by the celestial
              subtype:  #music.auditory_sensation  the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments (or reproductions of such sounds)
                 subtype:  #piano_music__pianomusic  the sound of music produced by a piano; "he thought he heard piano music next door"
              subtype:  #pure_tone__tone  a steady sound without overtones; "they tested his hearing with pure tones of different frequencies"
                 subtype:  #harmonic  a tone that is a component of a complex sound
                    subtype:  #fundamental_frequency__fundamentalfrequency__fundamental__first_harmonic__firstharmonic  the lowest tone of a harmonic series
                    subtype:  #overtone.harmonic  a harmonic with a frequency that is a multiple of the fundamental frequency
              subtype:  #noise.auditory_sensation__dissonance__racket  the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience; "modern music is just noise to me"
                 subtype:  #white_noise__whitenoise  a `sh' noise produced by a stimulus containing all audible frequencies of vibration
           subtype:  #synesthesia__synaesthesia  a sensation that normally occurs in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulated
              subtype:  #chromesthesia__chromaesthesia  a form of synesthesia in which nonvisual stimulation results in the experience of color sensations
                 subtype:  #colored_hearing__coloredhearing__colored_audition__coloredaudition  a form of chromesthesia in which experiences of color accompany auditory stimuli
     subtype:  #psychological_feature__psychologicalfeature  a feature of the mental life of a living organism
        subtype:  #cognition__knowledge__noesis  the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
           subtype:  #mind__head__brain__psyche__nous  that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; "his mind wandered"; "I couldn't get his words out of my head"
              subtype:  #noddle  (British) "use your noddle"
              subtype:  #tabula_rasa  a young mind not yet affected by experience (according to John Locke)
              subtype:  #ego  (psychoanalysis) the conscious mind
              subtype:  #unconscious_mind__unconsciousmind__unconsciou  that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware
              subtype:  #subconscious_mind__subconscious  psychic activity just below the level of awareness
           subtype:  #place.cognition  an abstract mental location; "he has a special place in my thoughts"; "a place in my heart"; "a political system with no place for the less prominent groups"
           subtype:  #public_knowledge__general_knowledge__generalknowledge  knowledge that is available to anyone
              subtype:  #common_knowledge  something generally known to everyone
                 subtype:  #ancient_history__ancienthistory  knowledge of some recent fact or event that has become so commonly known that it has lost its original pertinence
              subtype:  #light.public_knowledge  public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
              subtype:  #open.public_knowledge__surface  information that has become public; "all the reports were out in the open"; "the facts had been brought to the surface"
           subtype:  #ability.cognition  possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination"
              subtype:  #know-how  the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something
                 subtype:  #bag_of_tricks  a supply of ways of accomplishing something; "every good mechanic has a large bag of tricks"
                 subtype:  #sapience__wisdom  ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight
                    subtype:  #astuteness__profundity__profoundness__depth  the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas
                    subtype:  #sagacity__sagaciousness__sagaciousnes__judgement__discernment  ability to make good judgments
                       subtype:  #eye.sagacity  good discernment (either with the eyes or as if with the eyes); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artist's eye"
                       subtype:  #common_sense__good_sense__gumption__horse_sense__horsesense__sense__mother_wit  sound practical judgment; "I can't see the sense in doing it now"; "he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples"; "fortunately shw had the sense to run away"
                          subtype:  #logic  reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic"
                          subtype:  #nous  (British) common sense; "she has great social nous"
                          subtype:  #road_sense  good judgment in avoiding trouble or accidents on the road
                       subtype:  #judiciousness__judiciousnes  good judgment
                          subtype:  #forethought__caution__precaution__care  judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger; "he exercised caution in opening the door"; "he handled the vase with care"
                       subtype:  #discreetness__discretion__circumspection__prudence  knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; "the servants showed great tact and discretion"
                          subtype:  #confidentiality.discreetness  discretion in keeping secret information
                       subtype:  #injudiciousness__indiscreetness  lacking good judgment
                 subtype:  #method  a way of doing something, esp. a systematic one; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
                    subtype:  #teaching_method__teachingmethod  a method of instruction
                       subtype:  #Socratic_method__maieutic_method  a method of teaching by question and answer; used by Socrates to elicit truths from his students
                    subtype:  #method_of_choice  the best method to achieve a desired result
                    subtype:  #methodology  the system of methods followed in a particular discipline
                       subtype:  #scientific_method  a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
                          subtype:  #experimental_method  the use of controlled observations and measurements to test hypotheses
                    subtype:  #mnemonics__mnemonic  a method or system for improving the memory
                    subtype:  #solution.method  a method for solving a problem; "the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook"
                    subtype:  #technique  a practical method or art applied to some particular task
                       subtype:  #Benday_process  a photoengraving technique for adding shading or texture or tone to a printed image
                       subtype:  #bonding.technique  (dentistry) a technique for repairing a tooth; resinous material is applied to the surface of the tooth where it adheres to the tooth's enamel
                       subtype:  #emulation.technique  (computer science) technique of one machine obtaining the same results as another
                          subtype:  #terminal_emulation  (computer science) having a computer act exactly like a terminal
                       subtype:  #immunofluorescence  (immunology) a technique that uses antibodies linked to a fluorescent dye in order to study antigens in a sample of tissue
                       subtype:  #computer_simulation__simulation  (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
                    subtype:  #technicolor  a trademarked method of making color motion pictures
                    subtype:  #statistical_method__statisticalmethod  a method of analyzing or representing statistical data
                       subtype:  #method_of_least_squares__least_squares__leastsquare  a method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve
                       subtype:  #regression_toward_the_mean__regression__simple_regression  the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)
                          subtype:  #linear_regression__rectilinear_regression__rectilinearregression  the relation between variables when the regression equation is linear: e.g., y = ax + b
                          subtype:  #curvilinear_regression__curvilinearregression  the relation between variables when the regression equation is nonlinear (quadratic or higher order)
                       subtype:  #multiple_regression  a statistical technique that predicts values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables
                       subtype:  #regression_analysis  the use of regression to make quantitative predictions of one variable from the values of another
                       subtype:  #correlational_analysis  the use of statistical correlation to evaluate the strength of the relations between variables
                       subtype:  #analysis_of_variance__ANOVA  a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables
              subtype:  #leadership.ability  the ability to lead: "he believed that leadership can be taught"
                 subtype:  #generalship.leadership  the leadership ability of a military general
              subtype:  #intelligence  the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
                 subtype:  #intellect__mind  knowledge and intellectual ability; "he reads to improve his mind"; "he has a keen intellect"
                 subtype:  #breadth__comprehensiveness__comprehensivenes  an ability to understand a broad range of topics; "a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject"
                 subtype:  #nonverbal_intelligence__nonverbalintelligence  intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of language
                 subtype:  #verbal_intelligence  intelligence in the use and comprehension of language
                 subtype:  #brainpower__brain__learning_ability__mental_capacity__mentality__wit  mental ability; "he's got plenty of brains but no common sense"
                 subtype:  #mental_quickness__quickness__quicknes__quickwittednes  intelligence as revealed by an ability to give correct responses without delay
                 subtype:  #brilliance__genius  unusual mental ability
                    subtype:  #pyrotechnics  brilliance of display (as in the performance of music)
                 subtype:  #precociousness__precocity  intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules
                 subtype:  #acuity__acuteness__acutenes__sharpnes__keennes  a quick and penetrating intelligence; "he argued with great acuteness"; "I admired the keenness of his mind"
                    subtype:  #steel_trap__steeltrap  an acute intelligence (an analogy based on the well known sharpness of steel traps); "he's as sharp as a steel trap"; "a mind like a steel trap"
                 subtype:  #cleverness__brightness__smartness__smartnes  intelligence as manifested in being quick and witty
                 subtype:  #shrewdness__astuteness__perspicacity__perspicaciousness__perspicaciousnes  intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
                    subtype:  #craftiness__craft__cunning__foxines__slyness__wiliness  shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
                    subtype:  #cunning  shrewdness in deception; "as cunning as a fox"
                    subtype:  #insightfulness__acumen  shrewdness shown by keen insight
                    subtype:  #knowingness  shrewdness demonstrated by knowledge
                    subtype:  #street_smarts  a shrewd ability to survive in a dangerous urban environment
              subtype:  #aptitude  inherent ability
                 subtype:  #instinct__inherent_aptitude  inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli: "the spawning instinct in salmon"; "altruistic instincts in social animals"
                    subtype:  #id  (psychoanalysis) primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity
                 subtype:  #potentiality__capability__capableness__capablenes  an aptitude that may be developed
                    subtype:  #perfectibility__perfectability  the capability of becoming perfect; "he believes in the ultimate perfectability of man"
                    subtype:  #grasp__compass__compas__reach  the limit of capability; "within the compass of education"
                       subtype:  #ken__sight  the range of vision; "out of sight of land"
                 subtype:  #natural_ability__naturalability  ability that is inherited
                    subtype:  #natural_endowment__naturalendowment__endowment__gift__talent  natural qualities or talents
                       subtype:  #knack__bent__hang  a special way of doing something; "he had a bent for it"; "he had a special knack for getting into trouble"; "he couldn't get the hang of it"
                       subtype:  #genius__flair  a natural talent; "he has a flair for mathematics"; "he has a genius for interior decorating"
                       subtype:  #raw_talent__rawtalent  powerfully impressive talent
              subtype:  #mental_ability__capacity  the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
                 subtype:  #prescience__prevision  the power to foresee the future
              subtype:  #creativity__creativeness  the ability to create
                 subtype:  #fecundity__fruitfulness  the intellectual fruitfulness of a creative imagination
                 subtype:  #flight.creativity  passing above and beyond ordinary bounds; "a flight of fancy"; "flights of rhetoric"; "flights of imagination"
                 subtype:  #wizardry__genius  exceptional creative ability
                 subtype:  #imaginativeness__imaginativenes__vision  the power of imagination; "popular imagination created a world of demons"
                    subtype:  #fancy  fancy was held by Coleridge to be more casual and superficial than imagination
                    subtype:  #fantasy  imagination unrestricted by reality; "a schoolgirl fantasy"
                       subtype:  #pipe_dream__dream  a fantastic but vain hope (from fantasies induced by the opium pipe); "I have this pipe dream about being emperor of the universe"
                       subtype:  #fantasy_life__fantasylife__phantasy_life  an imaginary life lived in a fantasy world
                       subtype:  #fantasy_world__fantasyworld__phantasy_world__fairyland  a place existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)
                    subtype:  #dreaming__dream  imaginative thoughts indulged in while awake; "he lives in a dream that has nothing to do with reality"
                       subtype:  #daydream__reverie__revery__daydreaming__oneirism__air_castle__aircastle__castle_in_the_air__castle_in_Spain  absent-minded dreaming while awake
                       subtype:  #woolgathering  an idle indulgence in fantasy
                 subtype:  #innovation__invention__excogitation__conception__design  the creation of something in the mind
                    subtype:  #contrivance  the faculty of contriving; inventive skill; "his skillful contrivance of answers to every problem"
                 subtype:  #inventiveness__inventivenes__ingeniousnes__cleverness  the power of creative imagination
                    subtype:  #imagination__resourcefulness__resourcefulnes  the ability to deal resourcefully with unusual problems; "a man of resource"
                       subtype:  #armoury__armory__inventory  a collection of resources; "he dipped into his intellectual armory to find an answer"
              subtype:  #originality  the ability to think and act independently
                 subtype:  #innovativeness  originality by virtue of introducing new ideas
                 subtype:  #unconventionality.originality  originality by virtue of being unconventional
                 subtype:  #novelty__freshness__freshnes  originality by virtue of being new and surprising
              subtype:  #skill__science  ability to produce solutions in some problem domain; "the skill of a well-trained boxer"; "the sweet science of pugilism"
                 subtype:  #nose.skill  a natural skill; "he has a nose for good deals"
                 subtype:  #virtuosity  technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso
              subtype:  #accomplishment__skill__acquirement__acquisition__attainment  an ability that has been acquired by training
                 subtype:  #airmanship  the art of flying airplane
                 subtype:  #craftsmanship__craft__workmanship  skill in an occupation or trade
                    subtype:  #housecraft  skill in domestic management
                    subtype:  #priestcraft  the skills involved in the work of a priest
                    subtype:  #stagecraft  skill in writing or staging plays
                       subtype:  #coup_de_theatre.stagecraft__coupdetheatre  a sensational bit of stagecraft
                    subtype:  #tradecraft  skill acquired through experience in a trade; "instructional designers are trained in something that might be called tradecraft"; often used to discuss skill in espionage; "the CIA chief of station accepted responsibility for his agents' failures of tradecraft"
                    subtype:  #watercraft  skill in the management of boats
                    subtype:  #woodcraft  skill in carving or fashioning objects from wood
                 subtype:  #horsemanship  skill in handling and riding horses
                 subtype:  #marksmanship  skill in shooting
                 subtype:  #literacy  the ability to read and write
                 subtype:  #numeracy  skill with numbers and mathematics
                 subtype:  #oarsmanship  skill as an oarsman
                 subtype:  #salesmanship  skill in selling; skill in persuading people to buy; "he read a book on salesmanship but it didn't help"
                 subtype:  #seamanship  skill in sailing
                    subtype:  #boatmanship  skill in handling boats
                 subtype:  #showmanship  the ability to present something (especially theatrical shows) in an attractive manner
                 subtype:  #soldiering__soldiership  skills that are required for the life of soldier
                 subtype:  #swordsmanship  skill in fencing
              subtype:  #hand.ability  ability; "he wanted to try his hand at singing"
              subtype:  #superior_skill  more than ordinary ability
                 subtype:  #art__artistry__prowess__prowes  a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; "the art of conversation"; "it's quite an art"
                    subtype:  #falconry  the art of training falcons to hunt and return
                    subtype:  #homiletics  the art of preaching
                    subtype:  #horology  the art of designing and making clocks
                    subtype:  #minstrelsy  the art of a minstrel
                    subtype:  #musicianship  artistry in performing music
                    subtype:  #enology__oenology  the art of wine making
                    subtype:  #puppetry.art  the art of making puppets and presenting puppet shows
                    subtype:  #taxidermy  the art of mounting the skins of animals so that they have lifelike appearance
                    subtype:  #ventriloquism__ventriloquy  the art of projecting your voice so that it seems to come from another source (as from a ventriloquist's dummy)
              subtype:  #mental_faculty__faculty__module  one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
                 subtype:  #attention.mental_faculty  the faculty or power of mental concentration; "keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention"
                    subtype:  #engrossment__absorption  complete attention; intense mental effort
                       subtype:  #focussing__focu__focusing__centering  the concentration of attention or energy on something; "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology"
                          subtype:  #particularism  a focus on something particular
                       subtype:  #specialism  the concentration of your efforts on a particular field of study or occupation
                       subtype:  #study.engrossment  a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
                    subtype:  #mental_note  speical attention with intent to remember; "he made a mental note to send her flowers"
                    subtype:  #watchfulness__vigilance__alertness__alertnes  the process of paying close and continuous attention
                       subtype:  #jealousy  zealous vigilance: "cherish their official political freedom with fierce jealousy"-Paul Blanshard
                 subtype:  #faculty_of_language__language__speech  the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"
                 subtype:  #retention__memory__retentiveness__retentivenes  the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger"
                    subtype:  #remembrance__anamnesis__anamnesi  the ability to recall past occurrences
                 subtype:  #reason.mental_faculty__understanding__intellect  the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil"
                 subtype:  #sentiency__sense__sensation__sentience__sensory_faculty__sensoryfaculty  the faculty through which the external world is apprehended
                    subtype:  #sense_modality__sensemodality__modality__sensory_system__sensorysystem  a particular sense
                       subtype:  #visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality  the ability to see; the faculty of vision
                          subtype:  #achromatic_vision  vision using the rods
                          subtype:  #visual_acuity__acuity__sharp-sightedness__sharpsightednes  sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart)
                             subtype:  #oxyopia  unusually acute vision
                          subtype:  #binocular_vision__binocularvision  vision involving the use of both eyes
                             subtype:  #stereoscopic_vision__stereoscopy  three-dimensional vision produced by the fusion of two slightly different views of a scene on each retina
                          subtype:  #central_vision__centralvision  vision using the fovea and parafovea
                          subtype:  #color_vision__colorvision__chromatic_vision__chromaticvision__trichromacy  the normal ability to see colors
                          subtype:  #distance_vision  vision for objects that a 20 feet or more from the viewer
                          subtype:  #eyesight__seeing__sightedness__sightednes  use of the faculty of vision
                          subtype:  #monocular_vision__monocularvision  vision with only one eye
                          subtype:  #near_vision  vision for objects 2 feet or closer to the viewer
                          subtype:  #night_vision__nightvision__nightsight__scotopic_vision__twilight_vision  the ability to see in reduced illumination (as in moonlight)
                          subtype:  #daylight_vision__photopic_vision  normal vision in daylight; vision with sufficient illumination that the cones are active and hue is perceived
                             subtype:  #foveal_vision  vision with the fovea
                          subtype:  #peripheral_vision  vision using only the periphery of the retina
                       subtype:  #somatosense  any of the sensory systems that mediate sensations of pressure and tickle and warmth and cold and vibration and limb position and limb movement and pain
                          subtype:  #sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses  the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
                          subtype:  #kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement  the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
                       subtype:  #sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality  the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
                          subtype:  #ear.sense_of_hearing  good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
                          subtype:  #absolute_pitch__perfect_pitch__perfectpitch  the ability to identify the pitch of a tone
                       subtype:  #sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality  the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
                       subtype:  #sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality  the faculty of smell
                          subtype:  #nose.sense_of_smell  the sense of smell (especially in animals); "the hound has a good nose"
                    subtype:  #sensitivity.sentiency__sensitiveness__sensitivenes  (physiology) responsiveness to external stimuli: "sensitivity to pain"
                       subtype:  #hypersensitivity  extreme sensitivity
                       subtype:  #responsiveness.sensitivity__reactivity  responsive to stimulation
                          subtype:  #excitability__irritability  excessive sensitivity of an organ or body part
                       subtype:  #exteroception  sensitivity to stimuli originating outside of the body
                          subtype:  #visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality  the ability to see; the faculty of vision
                          subtype:  #sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses  the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
                          subtype:  #sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality  the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
                          subtype:  #sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality  the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
                          subtype:  #sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality  the faculty of smell
                       subtype:  #interoception  sensitivity to stimuli originating inside of the body
                          subtype:  #proprioception  the ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts
                             subtype:  #kinesthesis__kinesthesi__kinaesthesis__kinesthesia__kinesthetics__muscle_sense__sense_of_movement  the ability to feel movements of the limbs and body
                             subtype:  #kinanesthesia  inability to sense movement
                             subtype:  #sense_of_equilibrium__equilibrium__labyrinthine_sense__vestibular_sense__sense_of_balance  a sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head
                          subtype:  #somesthesis__somesthesi__somesthesia__somaesthesis__somatesthesia__somatatesthesis__somatatesthesi__somatosensory_system__somatosensorysystem__somatic_sensory_system__somaticsensorysystem__somatic_sense__somaticsense  the faculty of bodily perception; sensory systems associated with the body; includes skin senses and proprioception and the internal organs
                             subtype:  #tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactility__touchperception__skinperceptivenes  the faculty of perceiving (via the skin) pressure or heat or pain
                             subtype:  #kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement  the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
                       subtype:  #photosensitivity__radiosensitivity  sensitivity to the action of radiant energy
                 subtype:  #volition__will  the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention: "the exercise of their volition we construe as revolt"- George Meredith
                    subtype:  #velleity  volition in its weakest form
           subtype:  #inability  lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something
              subtype:  #mental_block__block  an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block"
                 subtype:  #writer's_block  an inability to write; "he had writer's block; the words wouldn't come"
              subtype:  #stupidity  a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience
                 subtype:  #dumbness__denseness__densenes__slowwittednes  the quality of being mentally slow and limited
                 subtype:  #dulness__dulnes__dullnes__obtuseness  the quality of being slow to understand
                 subtype:  #mental_retardation__retardation__backwardness__slowness__subnormality  lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
                    subtype:  #mental_defectiveness__abnormality  retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence
                       subtype:  #feeblemindedness  severe mental deficiency
                    subtype:  #moronity__mental_deficiency  mild mental retardation
                    subtype:  #idiocy__amentia  extreme mental retardation
                    subtype:  #imbecility  retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot
                 subtype:  #folly__foolishness__foolishnes__crazines  the quality of being rash and foolish
              subtype:  #inaptitude  a lack of aptitude
                 subtype:  #talentlessness  a lack of talent
                 subtype:  #incapableness__incapablenes  lack of potential for development
                    subtype:  #imperfectibility__imperfectability  the incapability of becoming perfect
              subtype:  #incapacity.inability  lack of intellectual power
              subtype:  #unskillfulness  a lack of cognitive skill
                 subtype:  #incoordination  a lack of coordination of movements
                 subtype:  #ineptness__awkwardness__awkwardnes__clumsines__ineptitude__maladroitness__maladroitnes__slownes  unskillfulness resulting from a lack of training
                 subtype:  #inefficiency  unskillfulness resulting from a lack of efficiency
                 subtype:  #amateurishness  something that demonstrates a lack of professional competency
              subtype:  #illiteracy  an inability to read
              subtype:  #uncreativeness  a lack of creativity
                 subtype:  #fruitlessness  a lack of creative imagination
                 subtype:  #unoriginality.uncreativeness  uncreativeness due to a lack of originality
                    subtype:  #triteness__tritenes__stalenes  unoriginality as a result of being dull and hackneyed
                       subtype:  #camp.triteness  something that is considered amusing not because of its originality but because of its unoriginality; "the livingroom was pure camp"
                    subtype:  #conventionality  unoriginality as a result of being too conventional
              subtype:  #incomprehension  an inability to understand; "his incomprehension of the consequences"
           subtype:  #lexis__lexi  all of the words in a language; all word forms having meaning or grammatical function
           subtype:  #lexicon__vocabulary__mental_lexicon  a language user's knowledge of words
           subtype:  #practice.cognition  knowledge of how something is customarily done: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"
              subtype:  #custom.practice__tradition  a specific practice of long standing
                 subtype:  #habit.custom__wont  an established custom; "it was their habit to dine at 7 every evening"
                 subtype:  #institution.custom  a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; "the institution of marriage"; "he had become an institution in the theater"
              subtype:  #normal__convention__pattern__rule__formula  something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"
                 subtype:  #mores__more  (sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group
                 subtype:  #code_of_conduct__code_of_behavior  a set of conventional principles and expectations that are considered binding on any person who is a member of a particular group
                    subtype:  #courtly_love__courtlylove  (medieval) a highly conventionalized code of conduct for lovers
                    subtype:  #knight_errantry  (medieval) the code of conduct observed by a knight errant who is wandering in search of deeds of chivalry
                    subtype:  #protocol  code of correct conduct: "safety protocols"; "academic protocol"
              subtype:  #heritage  practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; "a heritage of freedom"
              subtype:  #standard_operating_procedure__SOP__S.O.P.  the procedure that would normally be followed
           subtype:  #cognitive_factor__cognitivefactor  something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result
              subtype:  #difficulty  a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; "serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent"
                 subtype:  #trouble.difficulty  a source of difficulty: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
                    subtype:  #can_of_worms  (informal) a source of unpredictable trouble and complexity
                    subtype:  #deep_water  serious trouble
                    subtype:  #growing_pains__growingpain  problems that arise in enlarging an enterprise (especially in the early stages)
                    subtype:  #matter.trouble  a problem; "is anything the matter?"
                 subtype:  #facer  (a dated Briticism) a serious difficulty with which one is suddenly faced
                 subtype:  #killer  a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"
                 subtype:  #pisser  a very disagreeable difficulty
                 subtype:  #pitfall  an unforeseen or unexpected difficulty
                 subtype:  #snorter.difficulty  (British) something outstandingly difficult; "the problem was a real snorter"
                 subtype:  #deterrent__hindrance__impediment__handicap  something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
                    subtype:  #albatross__albatros  (figurative) something that hinders or handicaps; "she was an albatross around his neck"
                    subtype:  #bind  something that hinders as if with bonds
                    subtype:  #obstacle.deterrent__obstruction  something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted: "lack of immagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education"; "the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan"
                       subtype:  #barrier.obstacle  any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; "intolerance is a barrier to understanding"
                          subtype:  #ideological_barrier__ideologicalbarrier  a barrier to cooperation or interaction resulting from conflicting ideologies
                             subtype:  #iron_curtain  an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy; used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries
                             subtype:  #bamboo_curtain  an ideological barrier around communist China especially in the 1950s and 1960s
                             subtype:  #color_bar__colorbar__colour_bar__color_line__colorline__colourline__Jim_Crow  barrier preventing blacks from participating in various activities with whites
                          subtype:  #language_barrier  barrier to communication resulting from speaking different languages
                       subtype:  #rub__hang-up__hitch__snag  an unforeseen obstacle
                       subtype:  #hurdle.obstacle  an obstacle that you are expected to overcome; "the last hurdle before graduation"
                       subtype:  #stymie  a thwarting and distressing situation
              subtype:  #determining_factor__determiningfactor__determinant__determiner__determinative__causal_factor  a determining or causal element or factor; "education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
                 subtype:  #decisive_factor__clincher  a point or fact or remark that settles something conclusively
                 subtype:  #influence.determining_factor  a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do; "her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
                    subtype:  #imponderable  a factor whose effects cannot be accurately assessed: "human behavior depends on many imponderables"
                       subtype:  #leavening__leaven  an influence that works subtly to lighten or modify something; "his sermons benefited from a leavening of humor"
                    subtype:  #imprint  a distinctive influence; "English stills bears the imprint of the Norman invasion"
                    subtype:  #morale_builder  something or someone who influences by building or strengthening morale
                    subtype:  #pestilence  a pernicious evil influence
                    subtype:  #support.influence  something providing immaterial support or assistance to a person or cause or interest; "the policy found little public support"; "his faith was all the support he needed"; "the team enjoyed the support of their fans"
                       subtype:  #anchor__mainstay__backbone__linchpin__lynchpin  a central cohesive source of support and stability: "faith is his anchor"; "he is the linchpin of this firm"
                    subtype:  #temptation.influence__enticement  something tempting or enticing
                       subtype:  #forbidden_fruit  the original forbidden fruit was an apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden; it is now used to refer to anything that is tempting but dangerous (as sexuality)
                       subtype:  #bait__come-on__hook__lure__sweetener  anything that serves as an enticement
                       subtype:  #allurement  attractiveness; "its allure was its remoteness"
           subtype:  #equivalent  a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc: "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
              subtype:  #opposite_number__counterpart__vis-a-vis  a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another
                 subtype:  #match.opposite_number  something that resembles or harmonizes with; "that tie makes a good match with your jacket"
                 subtype:  #complement.opposite_number  either of two parts that mutually complete each other
              subtype:  #replacement__substitute  a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
                 subtype:  #successor  a thing or person that immediately replaces something or someone
           subtype:  #perception.cognition  knowledge gained by perceiving; "a man admired for the depth of his perception"
              subtype:  #discernment__perceptivenes  perception of that which is obscure
              subtype:  #insight__penetration  clear or deep perception of a situation
              subtype:  #cognizance  range or scope of what is perceived
           subtype:  #structure  the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"
              subtype:  #organisation__arrangement__organization__system  an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"
                 subtype:  #classification_system  a system for classifying things
                    subtype:  #hierarchical_classification_system  a classification system where entries are arranged based on some hierarchical structure
                    subtype:  #rating_system__scoring_system__scoringsystem  a system of classifying according to quality or merit or amount
                    subtype:  #file_system__filing_system  a system of classifying into files (usually arranged alphabetically)
                    subtype:  #pigeonholing__grouping  a system for classifying things into groups
                       subtype:  #ABO_blood_group_system__ABO_system__ABO_group  a classification system for the antigens of human blood; used in blood transfusion therapy; four groups are A and B and AB and O
                 subtype:  #contrivance.organisation  an artificial or unnatural or obviously contrived arrangement of details or parts etc.; "the plot contained too many improbable contrivances to be believable"
                 subtype:  #coordinate_system__frame_of_reference__reference_system__referencesystem__reference_frame__referenceframe  a system that uses coordinates to establish position
                    subtype:  #inertial_reference_frame__inertial_frame  a coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is valid
                    subtype:  #space-time_continuum__space-time__spacetime  the 4-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located
                 subtype:  #data_structure  the organization of data (and its storage allocations in a computer)
                    subtype:  #hierarchical_structure__hierarchical_data_structure  a structure of data having several levels arranged in a tree-like structure
                 subtype:  #design.organisation__plan  an arrangement scheme; "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"; "it was an excellent design for living"; "a plan for seating guests"
                    subtype:  #layout.design  a plan or design of something that is laid out
                    subtype:  #trap.design__snare  something (often something deceptively attractive) that catches you unawares; "the exam was full of trap questions"; "it was all a snare and delusion"
                       subtype:  #iron_trap  a trap from which there is no escape
                       subtype:  #speed_trap__speedtrap  a trap arranged on a roadway for catching speeders
                    subtype:  #hotel_plan__hotelplan__meal_plan  a plan and a room rate for providing meals to guests at a hotel
                       subtype:  #American_plan  a hotel plan that includes three meals daily
                          subtype:  #modified_American_plan  a hotel plan that includes breakfast and dinner (but not lunch)
                       subtype:  #Bermuda_plan  a hotel plan that provides a full breakfast daily
                       subtype:  #European_plan__continental_plan__continentalplan  a hotel plan that provides a continental breakfast daily
                 subtype:  #statistical_distribution__statisticaldistribution__distribution  an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence
                    subtype:  #frequency_distribution__frequencydistribution  a distribution of observed frequencies of occurrence of the values of a variable
                    subtype:  #normal_distribution__Gaussian_distribution  a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance
                    subtype:  #Poisson_distribution  a theoretical distribution that is a good approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability is small and the number of trials is large
                    subtype:  #sample_distribution__sample  items selected from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
                       subtype:  #random_sample  a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
                       subtype:  #stratified_sample__representative_sample__proportional_sample  the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum
                    subtype:  #binomial_distribution__Bernoulli_distribution  a theoretical distribution of the number of successes in a finite set of independent trials with a constant probability of success
                 subtype:  #genetic_map__geneticmap  graphical representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome
                 subtype:  #lattice  an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions
                    subtype:  #space_lattice__spacelattice__crystal_lattice__crystallattice__Bravais_lattice  a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal
                 subtype:  #living_arrangement  an arrangement to allow people (or ideas) to co-exist
                 subtype:  #calendar.organisation  a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year
                    subtype:  #lunar_calendar__lunarcalendar  a calendar based on lunar cycles
                       subtype:  #Muhammadan_calendar__Mohammedan_calendar__Moslem_calendar__Muslim_calendar  the lunar calendar used by Moslems; dates from 622 AD (the year of the Hegira); the beginning of the Moslem year retrogresses through the solar year completing the cycle every 32 years
                       instance:  #Roman_calendar
                    subtype:  #lunisolar_calendar__lunisolarcalendar  a calendar based on both lunar and solar cycles
                       subtype:  #Jewish_calendar__Hebrew_calendar__hebrewcalendar  (Judaism) the calendar used by the Jews; dates from 3761 BC (the assumed date of the creation of the world); a lunar year of 354 days is adjusted to the solar year by periodic leap years
                       subtype:  #Hindu_calendar  the lunisolar calendar governing the religious life of Hindus; an extra month is inserted after every month in which there are two new moons (once every three years)
                    subtype:  #solar_calendar__solarcalendar  a calendar based on solar cycles
                       subtype:  #Gregorian_calendar__New_Style  the solar calendar now in general use, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 AD to correct an error in the Julian calendar by suppressing 10 days, making Oct 5 be called Oct 15, and providing that only centenary years divisible by 400 should be leap years; it was adopted by Great Britain and the American colonies in 1752
                          subtype:  #church_calendar__ecclesiastical_calendar  a calendar of the Christian year indicating the dates of fasts and festivals
                       subtype:  #Julian_calendar__Old_Style  the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February
                       subtype:  #Revolutionary_calendar  the calendar adopted by The French First Republic in 1793 and abandoned in 1805; dates were calculated from Sept. 22, 1792
              subtype:  #configuration__constellation  an arrangement of parts or elements; "the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time"
                 subtype:  #unitization  the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
                 subtype:  #redundancy.configuration  (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails
              subtype:  #form.structure__shape__pattern  a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them"
                 subtype:  #fractal  a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry
                 subtype:  #gestalt  a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts
                 subtype:  #mosaic.form  a pattern resembling a mosaic
                 subtype:  #strand.form  a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole; "he tried to pick up the strands of his former life"; "I could hear several melodic strands simultaneously"
              subtype:  #syntax__sentence_structure__phrase_structure  the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
              subtype:  #sound_structure__soundstructure__morphology__syllable_structure__word_structure  the admissible arrangement of sounds in words
                 subtype:  #affixation  the result of adding an affix to a root word
           subtype:  #cognitive_content__cognitivecontent__content__mental_object  the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
              subtype:  #tradition  an inherited pattern of thought or action
              subtype:  #object.cognitive_content  the focus of cognitions or feelings; "objects of thought"; "the object of my affection"
                 subtype:  #antipathy  the object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided; "cats were his greatest antipathy"
                 subtype:  #center_of_attention__center  the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party"
                    subtype:  #conversation_piece  something interesting that stimulates conversation
                    subtype:  #cynosure  something that strongly attracts attention (as the north star attracts mariners); "let faith be your cynosure to walk by"
                    subtype:  #eye-catcher__eyecatcher  a striking person or thing that attracts attention
                 subtype:  #infatuation.object  an object of extravagant short-lived passion
                 subtype:  #love.object__passion  any object of warm affection or devotion; "the theater was her first love" or "he has a passion for cock fighting"
              subtype:  #food_for_thought__food__intellectual_nourishment  anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking
                 subtype:  #pabulum  insipid intellectual nourishment
              subtype:  #noumenon__thing-in-itself  the intellectual conception of a thing as it is in itself, not as it is known through perception
              subtype:  #universe_of_discourse__universe  everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
              subtype:  #topic__subject__issue__matter  some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police"
                 subtype:  #res_judicata__resjudicata__res_adjudicata__resadjudicata  a matter already settled in court; cannot be raised again
                 subtype:  #area.topic  a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
                    subtype:  #gray_area__grey_area  an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other
                    subtype:  #territory  an area of knowledge or interest; "his questions covered a lot of territory"
              subtype:  #issue  an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; "the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone"; "politicians never discuss the real issues"
                 subtype:  #quodlibet  an issue that is presented for formal disputation
              subtype:  #idea.cognitive_content__thought  the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"
                 subtype:  #inspiration.idea  arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity
                    subtype:  #source.inspiration__seed__germ  anything that provides inspiration for later work
                       subtype:  #muse  the source of an artist's inspiration; "Euterpe was his muse"
                    subtype:  #mother.inspiration  a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation; "necessity is the mother of invention"
                    subtype:  #afflatus  a strong creative impulse; divine inspiration; "divine afflatus"
                 subtype:  #concept__conception__construct  an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
                    subtype:  #conceptuality__conceptualization__conceptualisation  an elaborated concept
                       subtype:  #perception.conceptuality  a way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible"
                    subtype:  #notion  a general inclusive concept
                    subtype:  #category  a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
                       subtype:  #kind__sort__form__variety  a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"
                          subtype:  #description.kind  sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
                          subtype:  #type  a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
                             subtype:  #nature.type  a particular type of thing; "problems of this type are very difficult to solve"; "he's interested in trains and things of that nature"; "matters of a personal nature"
                             subtype:  #variant__variation  something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone"
                          subtype:  #antitype  an opposite or contrasting type
                          subtype:  #art_form__artform  a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
                             subtype:  #architectural_style__architecturalstyle__style_of_architecture__type_of_architecture  architecture as a kind of art form
                                subtype:  #Bauhaus  a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918
                                subtype:  #Byzantine_architecture__Byzantine  the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and minarets and much use of mosaics
                                subtype:  #classical_architecture__classicalarchitecture__grecoromanarchitecture  architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
                                   subtype:  #Greek_architecture  the architecture of ancient Greece
                                   subtype:  #Roman_architecture  the architecture of ancient Rome
                                subtype:  #Gothic_architecture__Gothic  a style of architecture developed in N France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
                                   subtype:  #perpendicular_style__perpendicularstyle__perpendicular__English-Gothic__English-Gothic_architecture  a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines, a four-centered (Tudor) arch, fan vaulting
                                      subtype:  #Tudor_architecture  a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
                                subtype:  #Romanesque_architecture__Romanesque  a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades
                                   subtype:  #Norman_architecture  a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
                                subtype:  #Moorish_architecture__Moorish  a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by the horseshoe (Moorish) arch
                                subtype:  #Victorian_architecture  a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation
                             subtype:  #sonata_form  a musical form having 3 sections -- exposition and development and recapitulation; characteristic of 1st movement of a sonata or symphony
                          subtype:  #style  a particular kind (as to appearance); "this style of shoe is in demand"
                          subtype:  #flavor__flavour  (high energy physics) the kinds of quarks and antiquarks
                          subtype:  #colour.quark__color  (high energy physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
                          subtype:  #species.kind__specie__variety  a specific kind of something: "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
                          subtype:  #genus.kind__genu  a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
                          subtype:  #make__brand  a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
                          subtype:  #genre.kind  a kind of literary or artistic work
                          subtype:  #ilk  a kind of person; "I don't like people of his ilk"
                          subtype:  #manner  a kind; "what manner of man are you?"
                          subtype:  #model  a type of product; "his car was an old model"
                          subtype:  #the_like__thelike__the_likes_of__thelikesof  a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we don't want the likes of you around here"
                       subtype:  #pigeonhole  a specific (often simplistic) category
                       subtype:  #rubric.category  category name; "it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'"
                       subtype:  #way.category  a general category of things; used in the expression "in the way of": "they didn't have much in the way of clothing"
                    subtype:  #rule__regulation  a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
                       subtype:  #restriction.rule__limitation  a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
                          subtype:  #quantification.restriction  a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
                          subtype:  #restraint.restriction  a rule or condition that limits freedom; "legal restraints"; "restraints imposed on imports"
                       subtype:  #guidepost__guideline__rule_of_thumb  a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior
                       subtype:  #cy_pres_doctrine__cy_pres__cypre__rule_of_cy_pres  a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as nearly as possible
                       subtype:  #working_principle__workingprinciple__working_rule__workingrule  a rule that is adequate to permit work to be done
                    subtype:  #abstract__abstraction  a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"
                       subtype:  #right  an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature: "they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights"; "Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people"- Eleanor Roosevelt; "a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away"
                          subtype:  #access.right  the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership)
                          subtype:  #advowson  the right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice
                          subtype:  #cabotage.right  the exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders
                          subtype:  #claim.right__title  an informal right to something: "his claim on her attentions"; "his title to fame"
                          subtype:  #due  that which is deserved or owed: "give the devil his due"
                          subtype:  #admittance__entree__access  the right to enter
                             subtype:  #door.admittance  anything providing a means of access (or escape); "we closed the door to Haitian immigrants"; "education is the door to success"
                                subtype:  #open_door  freedom of access; "he maintained an open door for all employees"
                          subtype:  #floor.right  the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
                          subtype:  #grant.right  a right or privilege that has been granted
                          subtype:  #human_right__humanright  any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
                             subtype:  #right_to_privacy  right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
                             subtype:  #right_to_life  the right to live
                             subtype:  #right_to_liberty  the right to be free
                             subtype:  #right_to_the_pursuit_of_happiness  the right to try to find happiness
                             subtype:  #freedom_of_thought  the right to hold unpopular ideas
                             subtype:  #equality_before_the_law  the right to equal protection of the laws
                             subtype:  #civil_right__civilright__civil_rights  right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
                                subtype:  #civil_liberty__civilliberty  fundamental individual right protected by law and expressed as immunity from unwarranted governmental interference
                                subtype:  #habeas_corpus  right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
                                subtype:  #freedom_of_religion  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_of_speech  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_of_the_press  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_of_assembly  right peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances; guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_to_bear_arms  guaranteed by the 2nd amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_search_and_seizure__freedomfromsearchandseizure  guaranteed by the 4th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #right_to_due_process  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution; reaffirmed by the 14th amendment
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_self-incrimination__freedomfromselfincrimination  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_double_jeopardy  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #right_to_speedy_and_public_trial_by_jury  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #right_to_an_attorney  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #right_to_confront_accusors  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_cruel_and_unusual_punishment  guaranteed by the 8th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_involuntary_servitude  guaranteed by the 13th amendment to the US constitution
                                subtype:  #equal_protection_of_the_laws  guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
                                subtype:  #freedom_from_discrimination  freedom from discrimination on the basis of race or sex or nationality or religion or age; guaranteed by US Federal laws
                                subtype:  #equal_opportunity__equalopportunity  equivalent opportunities for employment regardless of race or color or sex or national origin
                          subtype:  #legal_right__legalright  a right based in law
                             subtype:  #compulsory_process  the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
                             subtype:  #preemption.legal_right__pre-emption__preemption  the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
                             subtype:  #title.legal_right__claim  an established or recognized right: "a strong legal claim to the property"; "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"; "he staked his claim"
                                subtype:  #own_right__ownright  by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved; "a peer in his own right"; "a leading sports figure in his own right": "a fine opera in its own right"
                                subtype:  #entitlement  right granted by law or contract esp to benefits
                             subtype:  #eminent_domain__eminentdomain  the right of the state to take private property for public use; the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution requires that just compensation be made
                             subtype:  #franchise.legal_right  a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the right to vote)
                                subtype:  #right_to_vote__vote__suffrage  a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920"
                             subtype:  #patent_right  the right granted by a patent; especially the exclusive right to an invention
                             subtype:  #right_of_election  in probate law: the legal right of a surviving spouse to elect to take either what the deceased spouse gave under the will or the share of the estate as set forth by statute
                             subtype:  #right_of_entry  the legal right to take possession of real estate in a peaceable manner
                             subtype:  #right_of_re-entry  the legal right to resume possession (a right that was reserved when a former possession was parted with)
                             subtype:  #right_of_privacy  a legal right (not explicitly provided in the US Constitution) to be left alone; the right to live life free from unwarranted publicity
                             subtype:  #use.legal_right__enjoyment  (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"
                                subtype:  #fair_use  the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
                             subtype:  #usufruct  a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way
                             subtype:  #copyright__rightoffirstpublication  a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
                             subtype:  #land_tenure__tenure  the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands
                                subtype:  #copyhold  a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
                                subtype:  #freehold  tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
                                subtype:  #villeinage  tenure by which a villein held land
                          subtype:  #preemption.right__pre-emption__preemption  the right to purchase something in advance of others
                             subtype:  #preemptive_right  the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest
                             subtype:  #subscription_right  the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public
                          subtype:  #prerogative__privilege__perquisite__exclusive_right__exclusiveright  a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males"
                             subtype:  #easement  (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)
                                subtype:  #public_easement__publiceasement  any easement enjoyed by the public in general (as the public's right to use public streets)
                                subtype:  #right_of_way.easement__rightofway  the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
                             subtype:  #privilege_of_the_floor  the right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in session
                          subtype:  #privilege  (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
                             subtype:  #attorney-client_privilege  the right of a lawyer to refuse to divulge confidential information from his client
                             subtype:  #informer's_privilege  the right of the government to refuse to reveal the identity of an informer
                             subtype:  #journalist's_privilege  the right of a journalist to refuse to divulge sources of confidential information
                             subtype:  #marital_communications_privilege__husband-wife_privilege  neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from the other while they were married
                             subtype:  #physician-patient_privilege__physicianpatientprivilege  the right of a physician to refuse to divulge confidential information from a patient without the consent of the patient
                             subtype:  #priest-penitent_privilege  the right of a clergyman to refuse to divulge confidential information received from a person during confession or similar exchanges
                          subtype:  #right_of_search  the right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them
                          subtype:  #right_of_way.right__rightofway  the right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another
                          subtype:  #states'_rights  the rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution
                          subtype:  #voting_right  the right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company
                          subtype:  #water_right__waterright__riparian_right  right of access to water
                       subtype:  #absolute  something that is conceived to be absolute; something that does not depends on anything else and is beyond human control; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
                       subtype:  #teacher  a personified abstraction that teaches; "books were his teachers"; "experience is a demanding teacher"
                       subtype:  #thing.abstract  a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
                    subtype:  #quantity  something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
                       subtype:  #quantum  (physics) the smallest quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
                       subtype:  #term.quantity  any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
                       subtype:  #numerical_quantity__numericalquantity  a quantity expressed as a number
                          subtype:  #zero_point__zero  the quantity that registers a reading of zero on a scale
                          subtype:  #value.numerical_quantity  a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
                             subtype:  #scale_value  a value on some scale of measurement
                          subtype:  #voter_turnout__voterturnout__vote  the total number of votes cast; "they are hoping for a large vote"
                       subtype:  #operand  a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
                       subtype:  #variable_quantity__variable  a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
                          subtype:  #independent_variable__independentvariable  a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
                          subtype:  #correlate  either of two correlated variables
                          subtype:  #degree_of_freedom  an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution
                          subtype:  #dependent_variable__dependentvariable  a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable; if f(x)=y, y is the dependent variable
                          subtype:  #random_variable__variate__variant__stochasticvariable__chance_variable  a variable quantity that is random
                          subtype:  #scalar  a variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components
                          subtype:  #tensor.variable_quantity  a generalization of the concept of a vector
                          subtype:  #vector  a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
                             subtype:  #vector_product__cross_product__crossproduct  a vector that is the product of two other vectors
                             subtype:  #vector_sum__resultant  a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors
                             subtype:  #radius_vector  a line connecting a point in space to the origin of a polar coordinate system
                             subtype:  #radius_vector.vector__radiusvector  a line connecting a satellite to the center of the body around which it is rotating
                       subtype:  #constant_quantity__constant  a quantity that does not vary
                          subtype:  #parametric_quantity__parameter  a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves
                             subtype:  #degree_of_freedom.parametric_quantity__degreeoffreedom  one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
                       subtype:  #parameter.quantity  a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
                       subtype:  #mathematical_product__product  a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6"
                          subtype:  #factorial  the product of all the integers up to and including a given integer; "1, 2, 6, 24, and 120 are factorials"
                          subtype:  #multiple  the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
                             subtype:  #double  a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
                             subtype:  #triple  a quantity that is three times as great as another
                             subtype:  #quadruple  a quantity that is four times as great as another
                             subtype:  #lowest_common_multiple__least_common_multiple__lcm  the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
                       subtype:  #total__sum  a quantity obtained by addition
                          subtype:  #polynomial  a mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms
                             subtype:  #monic_polynomial__monicpolynomial  a polynomial in one variable
                             subtype:  #quadratic_polynomial__quadraticpolynomial__quadratic  a polynomial of the second degree
                             subtype:  #biquadratic_polynomial__biquadraticpolynomial__biquadratic__quartic_polynomial__quarticpolynomial  a polynomial of the fourth degree
                             subtype:  #series.polynomial  (mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
                                subtype:  #power_series  the sum of terms containing successively higher integral powers of a variable
                                subtype:  #convergency  the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit
                                subtype:  #divergency__divergence  an infinite series that has no limit
                                subtype:  #geometric_series  a geometric progression written as a sum
                                subtype:  #Fourier_series  the sum of a series of trigonometric expressions; used in the analysis of periodic functions
                                subtype:  #exponential_series  a series derived from the expansion of an exponential expression
                       subtype:  #proportional  one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
                       subtype:  #quotient  a quantity obtained by division
                       subtype:  #difference.quantity  a quantity obtained by subtraction; "profit is a positive difference between income and expenses"
                       subtype:  #binomial  a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms
                    subtype:  #part__section__division  one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole: "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
                       subtype:  #beginning.part  the first part or section of something: "`It was a dark and stormy night' is a hackneyed beginning for a story"
                       subtype:  #middle  an intermediate part or section: "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
                       subtype:  #end.part  a final part or section: "we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus"; "Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end"
                       subtype:  #high_point  the most enjoyable part of a given experience; "the trumpet solo was the high point of the concert"
                       subtype:  #component.part__constituent__factor__ingredient  an abstract part of something: "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
                          subtype:  #mathematical_point__point  a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
                             subtype:  #point_of_intersection__intersection__intersection_point  a point where lines intersect
                                subtype:  #vertex  the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
                             subtype:  #intercept  the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
                    subtype:  #whole  all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
                       subtype:  #unit.whole  a single undivided whole; "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
                          subtype:  #one  a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
                       subtype:  #compound  a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
                       subtype:  #composite__complex  a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
                          subtype:  #hybrid  a composite of mixed origin; "the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices"
                          subtype:  #syndrome.composite  a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
                    subtype:  #natural_law__naturallaw__law  a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
                       subtype:  #divine_law  a law that is believed to come directly from God
                       subtype:  #principle.natural_law  a basic truth or law or assumption: "the principles of democracy"
                          subtype:  #dictate  a guiding principle: "the dictates of reason"
                          subtype:  #fundamentals__basics__fundamental_principle__fundamentalprinciple__basic_principle__basicprinciple__bedrock  principles from which other truths can be derived; "first you must learn the fundamentals"; "let's get down to basics"
                             subtype:  #first_rudiment__firstrudiment__rudiment__first_principle__firstprinciple__alphabet__ABC__ABC's__ABCs  the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered the rudiments of geometry"
                          subtype:  #logic.principle  the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war"
                          subtype:  #pleasure_principle__pleasure-pain_principle__pleasure-unpleasure_principle  (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id; the principle that an infant seeks gratification and fails to distinguish fantasy from reality
                          subtype:  #reality_principle__realityprinciple  (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego; the principle that as a child grows it becomes aware of the real environment and the need to accommodate to it
                          subtype:  #conservation.principle  (physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations
                             subtype:  #conservation_of_charge__conservation_of_electricity  the principle that the total electric charge of a system remains constant despite changes inside the system
                             subtype:  #law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics  the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
                             subtype:  #law_of_conservation_of_mass__lawofconservationofmas__conservationofmas__conservation_of_matter__law_of_conservation_of_matter  a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
                             subtype:  #conservation_of_momentum  the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
                             subtype:  #conservation_of_parity__parity__space-reflection_symmetry__mirror_symmetry  (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system
                          instance:  #Tao
                       subtype:  #sound_law__soundlaw  a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
                          subtype:  #Grimm's_law  a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
                          subtype:  #Verner's_law  a qualification of Grimm's law
                    subtype:  #law_of_nature__law  a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature: "the laws of thermodynamics"
                       subtype:  #all-or-none_law__allornonelaw  (neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
                       subtype:  #principle.law_of_nature__rule  a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system: "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields"
                          subtype:  #Le_Chatelier's_principle__Le_Chatelier's_law__Le_Chatelier_principle__Le_Chatelier-Braun_principle  the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change
                          subtype:  #Gresham's_Law  (economics) the principle that when two kinds of money having the same denominational value are in circulation the intrinsically more valuable money will be hoarded and the money of lower intrinsic value will circulate more freely until the intrinsically more valuable money is driven out of circulation; bad money drives out good; credited to Sir Thomas Gresham
                          subtype:  #Naegele's_rule  rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date
                          subtype:  #Occam's_Razor__Ockham's_Razor__principle_of_parsimony__law_of_parsimony  the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred
                          subtype:  #principle_of_equivalence  (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference
                          subtype:  #principle_of_liquid_displacement  (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid
                          subtype:  #Huygens'_principle_of_superposition__principle_of_superposition  the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point; "the principle of superposition is the basis of the wave theory of light"
                          subtype:  #mass-action_principle__mass_action  (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning
                          subtype:  #localization_of_function__localisation_of_function__localization_principle__localisation_principle__localization__localisation  (neurology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in the cortex of the brain
                             subtype:  #lateralization__lateralisation__laterality  localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain
                       subtype:  #Archimedes'_principle__law_of_Archimedes  (hydrostatics) the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
                       subtype:  #Avogadro's_law__Avogadro's_hypothesis  the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules
                       subtype:  #Bernoulli's_law__law_of_large_numbers  (statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
                       subtype:  #Bose-Einstein_statistics  (physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
                       subtype:  #Boyle's_law__Mariotte's_law  the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
                       subtype:  #Coulomb's_Law  a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
                       subtype:  #Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures__Dalton's_law__law_of_partial_pressures  (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
                       subtype:  #distribution_law  (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
                          subtype:  #Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution_law__Boltzmann_distribution_law  (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium
                       subtype:  #equilibrium_law__law_of_chemical_equilibrium  (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
                       subtype:  #Fechner's_law__Weber-Fechner_law  (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
                       subtype:  #Fermi-Dirac_statistics  (physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
                       subtype:  #Gay-Lussac's_law__Charles'_law__law_of_volumes  the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature
                       subtype:  #Henry's_law  (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
                       subtype:  #Hooke's_law  (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
                       subtype:  #Hubble's_law__Hubble_law  (astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
                       subtype:  #Kepler's_law_of_planetary_motion__Kepler's_law  (astronomy) one of three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler
                          subtype:  #Kepler's_first_law  a law stating that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
                          subtype:  #Kepler's_second_law__law_of_areas__law_of_equal_areas  a law concerning the speed at which planets travel; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times; "Kepler's second law means that a planet's orbital speed changes with its distance from the sun"
                          subtype:  #Kepler's_third_law__harmonic_law  a law stating that the ratio of the square of the revolutionary period (in years) to the cube of the orbital axis (in astronomical units) is the same for all planets
                       subtype:  #Kirchhoff's_laws  (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: (1) the sum of all the currents at a point is zero; (2) the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
                       subtype:  #law_of_averages  a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
                       subtype:  #law_of_constant_proportion__law_of_definite_proportions  (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
                       subtype:  #law_of_diminishing_returns  a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
                       subtype:  #law_of_effect  (psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
                       subtype:  #law_of_equivalent_proportions__law_of_reciprocal_proportions  (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together
                       subtype:  #Newton's_law_of_gravitation__newton'slawofgravitation__law_of_gravitation  (physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
                       subtype:  #law_of_multiple_proportions__Dalton's_law  (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
                       subtype:  #law_of_mass_action  (chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
                       subtype:  #law_of_thermodynamics  (physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
                          subtype:  #second_law_of_thermodynamics  a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature; any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
                          subtype:  #third_law_of_thermodynamics  law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero
                          subtype:  #zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics  the law that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then the first two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other
                          subtype:  #law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics  the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
                       subtype:  #Mendel's_law  (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
                          subtype:  #law_of_segregation  members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
                          subtype:  #law_of_independent_assortment  each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
                       subtype:  #Newton's_law_of_motion__Newton's_law__law_of_motion  one of three basic laws of classical mechanics
                          subtype:  #Newton's_first_law_of_motion__first_law_of_motion__Newton's_first_law  a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
                          subtype:  #Newton's_second_law_of_motion__second_law_of_motion__Newton's_second_law  the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force
                          subtype:  #Newton's_third_law_of_motion__third_law_of_motion__Newton's_third_law__law_of_action_and_reaction  action and reaction are equal and opposite
                       subtype:  #Ohm's_law  electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
                       subtype:  #Pascal's_law_of_fluid_pressures__Pascal's_law  pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid; "the hydraulic press is an application of Pascal's law"
                       subtype:  #Pauli_exclusion_principle__exclusion_principle  no two electrons or protons or neutrons in a given system can be in states characterized by the same set of quantum numbers
                       subtype:  #periodic_law__Mendeleev's_law  (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
                       subtype:  #Planck's_law  (physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is give by Planck's constant
                       subtype:  #Planck's_radiation_law  (physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
                       subtype:  #principle_of_relativity  (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
                       subtype:  #Weber's_law  (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus; "Weber's law explains why you don't notice your headlights are on in the daytime"
                    subtype:  #lexicalized_concept__lexicalizedconcept  a concept that is expressed by a word (in some particular language)
                    subtype:  #hypothesis.concept__possibility  a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
                       subtype:  #theoretical_account__theoreticalaccount__model__framework  a simplified description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
                          subtype:  #computer_simulation__simulation  (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
                          subtype:  #mean_sun  a theoretical sun that moves along the celestial equator at a constant speed and completes its annual course in the same amount of time the real sun takes at variable speeds
                          subtype:  #Copernican_system  Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun
                          subtype:  #Ptolemaic_system  Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center
                          subtype:  #stochastic_process  a statistical process involving a number of random variables depending on a variable parameter (which is usually time)
                             subtype:  #Markov_process__Markoff_process  a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
                                subtype:  #Markov_chain__Markoff_chain  a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
                             subtype:  #stationary_stochastic_process  a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
                          subtype:  pm#graph_model
                             subtype:  pm#Conceptual_Graph_model
                             subtype:  pm#RDF_model
                          subtype:  pm#KADS_model
                             subtype:  pm#KADS1_model
                                subtype:  pm#KADS1_layer_of_Model_of_Expertise
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_inference_layer
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_task_layer
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_domain_layer
                                subtype:  pm#KADS1_Model_of_Expertise
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_model_of_problem_solving_expertise
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_model_of_communication_expertise
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_model_of_cooperation_expertise
                                   subtype:  pm#KADS1_strategy_layer
                                subtype:  pm#KADS1_Conceptual_Model
                       subtype:  #speculation  a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence); "speculations about the outcome of the election"; "he dismissed it as mere conjecture"
                       subtype:  #supposal__assumption__supposition  a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
                          subtype:  #conclusion  an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion"
                             subtype:  #non_sequitur.conclusion__nonsequitur  (logic) a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
                          subtype:  #fundament__basis__basi__base__foundation__groundwork__cornerstone  the fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
                          subtype:  #given__presumption  an assumption that is taken for granted
                          subtype:  #basic_assumption__basicassumption__constatation__self-evident_truth  an assumption that is basic to an argument
                    subtype:  #fact.concept  a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
                    subtype:  #theory  a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
                       subtype:  #reductionism.theory  a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
                       subtype:  #blastogenesis__blastogenesi  theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm
                       subtype:  #theory_of_preformation__preformation  a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
                       subtype:  #scientific_theory  a theory that explains scientific observations; "scientific theories must be falsifiable"
                          subtype:  #big-bang_theory__big_bang_theory  (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
                          subtype:  #nebular_hypothesis  the theory that the solar system evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
                          subtype:  #planetesimal_hypothesis  the theory that the solar system was formed by the gravitational accumulation of planetesimals
                          subtype:  #Newton's_theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravity__gravitational_theory__gravitationaltheory  (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
                          subtype:  #organicism  theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes
                          subtype:  #atomic_theory  a theory in which matter consists of atoms
                          subtype:  #atomic_theory.scientific_theory__atomictheory  a theory of the structure of the atom
                             subtype:  #Bohr_theory  (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
                             subtype:  #Rutherford_atom  first modern concept of atomic structure; all of the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are contained in a compact nucleus; a number of electrons (equal to the atomic number) occupy the rest of the volume of the atom and neutralize the positive charge
                          subtype:  #cell_theory  (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
                          subtype:  #wave_theory_of_light__wave_theory__undulatory_theory  the theory that light is transmitted as waves
                          subtype:  #corpuscular_theory_of_light__corpuscular_theory__corpusculartheory  the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
                          subtype:  #kinetic_theory_of_gases__kinetictheoryofgase__kinetic_theory__kinetictheory  a theory that gases consist of small particles in random movement
                             subtype:  #kinetic_theory_of_heat  a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
                          subtype:  #Einstein's_theory_of_relativity__relativity__theory_of_relativity__relativity_theory  (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
                             subtype:  #general_relativity_theory__general_relativity__generalrelativity__general_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_general_theory_of_relativity  a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
                             subtype:  #special_relativity_theory__special_relativity__specialrelativity__special_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_special_theory_of_relativity  a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
                          subtype:  #supersymmetry  a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang"
                          subtype:  #quantum_theory__quantumtheory  a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
                          subtype:  #uncertainty_principle__uncertaintyprinciple__indeterminacy_principle__indeterminacyprinciple  the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
                          subtype:  #germ_theory  the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
                          subtype:  #information_theory__informationtheory  a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
                          subtype:  #Arrhenius_theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_electrolytic_dissociation  (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
                          subtype:  #theory_of_evolution__theory_of_organic_evolution  (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
                             subtype:  #Darwinism  a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
                                subtype:  #Neo-Darwinism  a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
                             subtype:  #Lamarckism  a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
                                subtype:  #Neo-Lamarckism  a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
                          subtype:  #Ostwald's_theory_of_indicators__theory_of_indicators  (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
                          subtype:  #theory_of_inheritance  a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
                             subtype:  #Mendelism__Mendelianism  the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
                          subtype:  #game_theory__theory_of_games  a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
                       subtype:  #economic_theory  (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
                          subtype:  #consumerism.economic_theory  the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
                          subtype:  #Keynesianism  the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment
                          subtype:  #liberalism.economic_theory  an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard
                          subtype:  #Malthusianism__Malthusian_theory  Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence
                          subtype:  #monetarism  an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money
                       subtype:  #structural_sociology__structuralism  a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
                       subtype:  #structural_anthropology__structuralism  an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
                    subtype:  #linguistic_rule__rule  a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
                       subtype:  #grammatical_rule__grammaticalrule__ruleofgrammar  a linguistic rule for the syntax of grammatical utterances
                 subtype:  #preoccupation  an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
                    subtype:  #obsession__fixation  an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone
                    subtype:  #hang-up  (informal) an emotional preoccupation
                    subtype:  #hobbyhorse  a topic to which on constantly reverts: "don't get him started on his hobbyhorse"
                    subtype:  #self-absorption__selfabsorption  preoccupation with yourself to the exclusion of everything else
                 subtype:  #misconception  an incorrect conception
                    subtype:  #fallacy__falsebelief  a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning
                       subtype:  #pseudoscience  an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions
                          subtype:  #astrology__stardivination  a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon
                             subtype:  #horoscopy  the drawing up and interpretation of horoscopes
                          subtype:  #alchemy  a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
                       subtype:  #logical_fallacy  a fallacy in logical argumentation
                          subtype:  #hysteron_proteron  the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved
                          subtype:  #ignoratio_elenchi__ignoratioelenchi  the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue
                          subtype:  #petitio_principii__petitio  the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question
                          subtype:  #post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc__post_hoc  the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation
                       subtype:  #pathetic_fallacy  the fallacy of attributing human feelings to inanimate objects; `the friendly sun' is an example of the pathetic fallacy
                       subtype:  #sophism  a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone
                       subtype:  #paralogism  an unintentionally invalid argument
                    subtype:  #erroneous_belief__erroneousbelief__error  a misconception resulting from incorrect information
                    subtype:  #self-deception__self-deceit  a misconception that is favorable to the person who holds it
                    subtype:  #misunderstanding__mistake__misapprehension  an understanding of something that is not correct; "he wasn't going to admit his mistake"; "make no mistake about his intentions"; "there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister"
                    subtype:  #illusion.misconception__fantasy__fancy  something many people believe that is false; "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy"
                       subtype:  #bubble.illusion  an impracticable and illusory idea; "he didn't want to burst the newcomer's bubble"
                       subtype:  #will-o'-the-wisp__ignis_fatuus  an illusion that misleads
                       subtype:  #wishful_thinking__wishfulthinking  the illusion that what you wish for is actually true
                    subtype:  #delusion  a mistaken opinion or idea; "he has delusions of competence"
                       subtype:  #freak_out__freakout__disorientation  a wild delusion (especially one induced by a hallucinogenic drug)
                    subtype:  #mirage  something illusory and unattainable
                 subtype:  #plan__program__programme  a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
                    subtype:  #outline.plan__schema__scheme  a schematic or preliminary plan
                    subtype:  #master_plan  a long-term outline of a project or government function: "the zoning board adopted a master plan for the new development"
                    subtype:  #blueprint.plan__design__pattern  something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt"
                    subtype:  #plan_of_action  a plan for actively doing something
                       subtype:  #play.plan_of_action  a preset plan of action in team sports; "the coach drew up the plays for her team"
                          subtype:  #knock_on__knockon  (Rugby) knocking the ball forward while trying to catch it (a foul)
                          subtype:  #football_play  a play by the offensive team in a football game
                             subtype:  #touchback  (American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone
                             subtype:  #running_play__runningplay__running__running_game__runninggame  a football play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"
                                subtype:  #draw_play__draw  the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage
                                subtype:  #return.running_play  the act of running back the football after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble
                                subtype:  #rush.running_play__rushing  (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush"
                                subtype:  #end_run__endrun__sweep  (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line
                             subtype:  #passing_play__passingplay__pass__passing_game__passinggame__passing  a football play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long"
                                subtype:  #forward_pass__aerial  a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer
                                   subtype:  #screen_pass  a forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers
                                subtype:  #lateral_pass__lateral  a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer
                             subtype:  #handoff  a football play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate
                             subtype:  #tackle.football_play  (football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground
                          subtype:  #razzle-dazzle__razzle__razzmatazz__razmataz  any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent
                          subtype:  #basketball_play  a play executed by a basketball team
                             subtype:  #pick  a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body; "he was called for setting an illegal pick"
                             subtype:  #switch.basketball_play  a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other
                             subtype:  #give-and-go  a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass
                          subtype:  #baseball_play  a play executed by a baseball team
                             subtype:  #double_play  the act of getting two players out on one play
                             subtype:  #triple_play  the act of getting three players out on one play
                             subtype:  #squeeze_play__squeezeplay  a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch
                                subtype:  #suicide_squeeze_play__suicidesqueezeplay__suicide_squeeze__suicidesqueeze  the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball
                                subtype:  #safety_squeeze_play__safety_squeeze  the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully
                       subtype:  #policy.plan_of_action  a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
                          subtype:  #activism  a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal
                          subtype:  #obscurantism.policy  a policy of opposition to enlightenment or the spread of knowledge
                       subtype:  #battle_plan  plan for conducting a battle
                       subtype:  #system.plan_of_action  a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
                          subtype:  #credit_system  a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit
                          subtype:  #legal_system__legalsystem  a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws
                             subtype:  #bail  the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial); "he is out on bail"
                             subtype:  #jury_system  a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit
                             subtype:  #patent_system  a legal system for protecting the rights of inventors
                             subtype:  #tax_system__taxsystem  a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes
                             subtype:  #voting_system__electoral_system__electoralsystem  a legal system for making democratic choices
                                subtype:  #uninominal_system__uninominal_voting_system__single-member_system__scrutin_uninomial_system__scrutinuninomialsystem__scrutin_uninominal_voting_system  based on the principle of having only one member (as of a legislature) selected from each electoral district
                                subtype:  #list_system__scrutin_de_liste__scrutin_de_liste_system  based on the principle of proportional representation; voters choose between party lists, the number elected from each list being determined by the percentage cast for each list out of the total vote
                          subtype:  #pricing_system__pricingsystem  a system for setting prices on goods or services
                          subtype:  #promotion_system__promotionsystem  a system for advancing participants to higher-status positions
                       subtype:  #tactic__maneuver__manoeuvre  a plan for attaining a particular goal
                       subtype:  #strategy__scheme  an elaborate and systematic plan of action
                          subtype:  #stratagem__contrivance__dodge  an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade; "his testimony was just a contrivance to throw us off the track"
                             subtype:  #plant.stratagem  something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
                             subtype:  #wangle__wangling  an instance of accomplishing something by scheming or trickery
                          subtype:  #game_plan  a plan for achieving an objective (especially in some sport)
                          subtype:  #house_of_cards__bubble  a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control; "his proposal was nothing but a house of cards"; "a real estate bubble"
                          subtype:  #secret_plan__plot  a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor"
                             subtype:  #counterplot  a plot intended to subvert another plot
                             subtype:  #machination  covert and involved plotting to achieve your ends
                                subtype:  #priestcraft.machination  a derogatory reference to priests who use their influence to control secular or political affairs
                             subtype:  #cabal__conspiracy  a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)
                                subtype:  #Gunpowder_Plot  a conspiracy in 1605 in England to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament to avenge the persecution of Catholics in England; led by Guy Fawkes
                          subtype:  #waiting_game__waitinggame  a strategy of delay
                          subtype:  #incentive_program__incentiveprogram__incentive_scheme__incentivescheme  a formal scheme for inducing someone (as employees) to do something
                       subtype:  #travel_plan__itinerary  a proposed route of travel
                    subtype:  #regimen__regime  (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)
                    subtype:  #project__projection  a planned undertaking
                       subtype:  #money-spinner__moneyspinner__moneymaker__cash_cow  a project that generates a continuous flow of money
                       subtype:  #software__software_system__software_package__package  (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"
                          subtype:  #alpha_software__alphasoftware  a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers
                          subtype:  #authoring_language__authoringlanguage  software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming
                          subtype:  #beta_software  pre-release software that has received an alpha test but still has more bugs than a regular release; "beta software is usually available only to particular users who will test it"
                          subtype:  #compatible_software  software that can run on different computers without modification
                          subtype:  #compatible_software.software__compatiblesoftware  application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together
                          subtype:  #computer-aided_design__CAD  software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing
                          subtype:  #freeware  software that is provided without charge
                          subtype:  #groupware  software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space
                          subtype:  #operating_system__operatingsystem__OS  (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services
                             subtype:  #DOS__disk_operating_system  an operating system that is on a disk
                                subtype:  #MS-DOS__Microsoft_disk_operating_system  an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers
                             subtype:  #UNIX__UNIX_operating_system__UNIX_system  a powerful operating system developed at the Bell Telephone Laboratories
                          subtype:  #computer_program__program__programme__computer_programme  (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"
                             subtype:  #application_program__applicationprogram__application__applications_programme  a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications"
                                subtype:  #active_application  an application that is currently running and in the foreground
                                subtype:  #applet  a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface
                                subtype:  #web_browser__webbrowser__browser  a program used to view HTML documents
                                   subtype:  #Mosaic  a freeware browser
                                   subtype:  #Netscape  a commercial browser
                                subtype:  #natural_language_processor__natural_language_processing_application  an application program that deals with natural language text
                                   subtype:  #disambiguator  (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
                                subtype:  #job.application_program  (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
                                subtype:  #word_processor__word_processing_system  an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer
                                subtype:  #editor_program__editor  (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data
                                   subtype:  #linkage_editor__linkageeditor  an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules
                                   subtype:  #text_editor  (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files
                                      subtype:  pm#Emacs_text_editor
                                   subtype:  is#graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
                                      subtype:  is#hierarchy_editor__hierarchyeditor  a graph editor tailored to ease the display and edition of hierarchies
                                         subtype:  km#taxonomy_graphical_editor
                                      subtype:  is#hyperbolic_graph_editor
                                      subtype:  km#knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
                                         subtype:  km#taxonomy_graphical_editor
                                         subtype:  km#CG_graphical_editor
                                            subtype:  km#Charger
                                         subtype:  km#FCA_structure_graphical_editor  graphic editor of FCA objects
                             subtype:  #loop.computer_program  a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied
                             subtype:  #patch.computer_program  a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
                             subtype:  #assembler__assembly_program  a program to convert assembly language into machine language
                             subtype:  #checking_program  a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors
                             subtype:  #compiler__compiling_program__compilingprogram  (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program
                                subtype:  #C_compiler  a compiler for programs written in C
                                subtype:  #Fortran_compiler  a compiler for programs written in Fortran
                                subtype:  #LISP_compiler  a compiler for programs written in LISP
                                subtype:  #Pascal_compiler  a compiler for programs written in Pascal
                             subtype:  #debugger  a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors
                             subtype:  #user_interface__interface  (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
                                subtype:  #command_line_interface__CLI  a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon
                                subtype:  #graphical_user_interface__GUI  a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device
                                   subtype:  is#2D_user_interface
                                   subtype:  is#3D_user_interface
                                   subtype:  is#HTML_based_interface
                                   subtype:  is#graph_visualization_interface__graphvisualizationinterface
                                      subtype:  is#display-only_graph_viewer
                                      subtype:  is#graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
                                subtype:  is#user_interface
                                   subtype:  is#non-graphical_user_interface
                                      subtype:  is#procedure_call_interface
                                         subtype:  is#network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
                                            subtype:  is#RPC_interface__Remote_Procedure_Call_interface__remoteprocedurecallinterface
                                         subtype:  is#API__application_programming_interface__applicationprogramminginterface
                                      subtype:  is#command_based_interface__commandbasedinterface
                                         subtype:  is#network-accessible_command_based_interface
                                            subtype:  is#OKBC_interface
                                            subtype:  is#CGI-accessible_command_based_interface
                                         subtype:  is#direct_command_based_interface__shell
                                            subtype:  is#sh
                                            subtype:  is#ksh
                                            subtype:  is#csh
                                   subtype:  is#graphical_user_interface
                                   subtype:  is#network-accessible_interface
                                      subtype:  is#Web_based_interface
                                         subtype:  is#HTML_based_interface
                                         subtype:  is#CGI_based_interface
                                      subtype:  is#network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
                                      subtype:  is#network-accessible_command_based_interface
                             subtype:  #interpretive_program__interpreter  (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time
                             subtype:  #job_control__jobcontrol  a program that is called to prepare each job to be run
                             subtype:  #library_program__libraryprogram  a program in a program library
                             subtype:  #monitor_program__monitoring_program  a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
                             subtype:  #object_program__target_program  a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer
                             subtype:  #source_program  a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language
                             subtype:  #relocatable_program__relocatableprogram  a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
                             subtype:  #reusable_program  a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
                             subtype:  #search_engine  a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)
                             subtype:  #self-adapting_program  a program that can change its performance in response to its environment
                             subtype:  #spreadsheet  a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen
                             subtype:  #supervisory_program__supervisoryprogram__supervisor__executive_program__executiveprogram  a program that controls the execution of other programs
                             subtype:  #syntax_checker  a program to check natural language syntax
                             subtype:  #system_program__systems_program__systemsprogram__systems_software__systemssoftware  a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer
                             subtype:  #translating_program__translatingprogram__translator  a program that translates one programming language into another
                             subtype:  #utility_program__utilityprogram__utility__service_program__serviceprogram  (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer; "a computer system provides utility programs to perform the tasks needed by most users"
                                subtype:  #device_driver__driver  (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
                                subtype:  #diagnostic_program  a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program
                                subtype:  #input_program__inputprogram  a utility program that organizes the input to a computer
                                subtype:  #output_program  a utility program that organizes the output of a computer
                                subtype:  #sort_program__sorting_program__sortingprogram  a utility program that sorts data items
                                subtype:  #trace_program__traceprogram  a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program
                                   subtype:  #snapshot_program  a trace program that produces output for selected conditions
                             subtype:  is#script  program witten with an interpreted language
                                subtype:  is#class_script__classscript  script associated to a class
                                subtype:  is#object_script  script associated to a class instance (that is not a class itself
                                subtype:  is#global_script  script that is not associated to an object or a class
                             subtype:  is#program_written_in_a_certain_language
                                subtype:  #LISP_program  a program written in LISP
                                subtype:  #FORTRAN_program  a program written in FORTRAN
                                subtype:  #C_program  a program written in C
                          subtype:  #subroutine__routine__subprogram__procedure__function  a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
                             subtype:  #cataloged_procedure__catalogedprocedure  a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name
                             subtype:  #contingency_procedure__contingencyprocedure  an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises
                             subtype:  #library_routine__libraryroutine  a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
                             subtype:  #random_number_generator  a routine designed to yield a random number
                             subtype:  #recursive_routine__recursiveroutine  a routine that can call itself
                             subtype:  #reusable_routine  a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
                             subtype:  #supervisory_routine__supervisoryroutine__executive_routine__executiveroutine  a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines
                             subtype:  #tracing_routine  a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program
                             subtype:  #utility_routine__utilityroutine__service_routine__serviceroutine  a routine that can be used as needed
                                subtype:  #dump_routine  a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium
                                subtype:  #input_routine__inputroutine  a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store
                                subtype:  #output_routine  a routine that controls an output device
                          subtype:  #shareware  software that has been copyrighted but is sold to users with permission to copy it and give it to others
                          subtype:  #shrink-wrapped_software  software on cd-roms that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)
                          subtype:  #supervisory_software__supervisorysoftware  specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
                          subtype:  #software_documentation__documentation  program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
                          subtype:  #DBMS__database_management_system  a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database
                             subtype:  #RDBMS__relational_database_management_system  a database management system designed to manage a relational database
                             subtype:  #ODBMS__OODBMS__object-oriented_database_management_system  $("ODBMS" added as key, "OODBMS" added)$a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database
                             subtype:  is#ORDBMS__object-relational_DBMS__extended_RDBM  DBMS mixing features from RDBMSs and ODBMSs but not being a genuine RDBMS nor ODBMS
                                subtype:  is#in_memory_ORDBMS
                                subtype:  is#Gigabase
                             subtype:  is#DDBMS
                             subtype:  is#in_memory_DBMS__IMDBMS  DBMS loading/mapping the whole database in main memory before answering a query
                                subtype:  is#in_memory_ODBMS
                                   subtype:  is#FastDB
                             subtype:  is#federated_DBMS__multi_DBMS
                          subtype:  is#IR_system
                             subtype:  is#distributed_IR_system
                                subtype:  is#distributed_hypertext_IR_system__distributedhypertextirsystem  e.g. the WWW
                                   subtype:  is#WWW
                                subtype:  is#Semantic_Web
                             subtype:  #hypertext_system__hypertextsystem  a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
                          subtype:  km#KM_tool__knowledge_management_tool
                             subtype:  km#knowledge_base_system__KBS
                                subtype:  km#KBMS
                                   subtype:  km#graph_based_KBMS
                                   subtype:  km#SNEPSwD
                                   subtype:  km#CG_based_KBMS
                                      subtype:  km#CGWorld
                                      subtype:  km#PROLOG\+CG
                                      subtype:  km#CoGITaNT
                                      subtype:  km#Notio
                                      subtype:  km#WebKB
                                         subtype:  km#WebKB-1__WebKB_private_annotation_tool
                                         subtype:  km#WebKB-2__WebKB_shared_annotation_tool
                             subtype:  km#inference_engine__inferenceengine
                             subtype:  km#KA_tool
                                subtype:  km#KADS_tool
                             subtype:  km#terminological_analysis_tool
                                subtype:  km#ACABIT
                                subtype:  km#LEXTER
                                subtype:  km#TERMS
                                subtype:  km#XTract
                             subtype:  km#knowledge_based_IR_system
                                subtype:  km#WebKB
                                subtype:  km#CGKAT
                             subtype:  km#knowledge_interface_generator__knowledgeinterfacegenerator
                                subtype:  km#knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
                             subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_tool
                                subtype:  km#CG_related_tool__cgrelatedtool
                                   subtype:  km#CG_based_KBMS
                                   subtype:  km#CG_graphical_editor
                                   subtype:  km#NL_parser_with_CG_output
                             subtype:  km#ontology_management_tool
                             subtype:  km#FCA_tool
                                subtype:  km#FCA_structure_graphical_editor  graphic editor of FCA objects
                    subtype:  #agenda__docket__schedule  a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
                       subtype:  #menu.agenda__fare  an agenda of things to do; "they worked rapidly down the menu of reports"
                    subtype:  #pension_plan__pensionplan__retirement_plan__retirement_program  a plan for setting aside money to be spent after retirement
                       subtype:  #individual_retirement_account__IRA  a self-funded retirement plan that allows you to contribute a limited yearly sum toward your retirement; taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred
                    subtype:  #employee_savings_plan  a plan that allows employees to contribute to an investment pool managed the employer
                       subtype:  #401-k_plan__401kplan__401-k__401k  an employee savings plan that allows employees to contribute pre-tax dollars and federal income taxes are deferred until retirement or withdrawal from the plan; can then be converted into an IRA
                    subtype:  #stock_purchase_plan  an organized plan for employees of a company to buy shares of its stock
                       subtype:  #employee_stock_ownership_plan__ESOP  a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company
                    subtype:  #budget.plan  a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"
                       subtype:  #balanced_budget  a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts
                 subtype:  #figment  a contrived or fantastic idea; "a figment of the imagination"
                 subtype:  #generalization__generalisation__generality  an idea having general application; "he spoke in broad generalities"
                    subtype:  #principle.generalization__rule  a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
                       subtype:  #pillar  a fundamental principle or practice; "science eroded the pillars of superstition"
                 subtype:  #suggestion  an idea that is suggested; "the picnic was her suggestion"
                    subtype:  #inkling  a slight suggestion; "he had no inkling what was about to happen"
                 subtype:  #impression__feeling__belief__notion__opinion  a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying"
                    subtype:  #presence.impression  the impression that something is present; "he felt the presence of an evil force"
                    subtype:  #effect.impression  an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
                       subtype:  #sound_effect__soundeffect  an effect that imitates a sound called for in the script of a play
                       subtype:  #special_effect__specialeffect  an effect used to produce scenes that cannot be achieved by normal techniques (especially on film)
                          subtype:  #stage_effect__stageeffect  a special effect created on the stage
                    subtype:  #intuition.impression__hunch__suspicion  an impression that something might be the case; "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong"
                       subtype:  #heart__bosom  the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom"
                 subtype:  #reaction.idea  an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
                 subtype:  #theorem.idea  an idea accepted as a demonstrable truth
                 subtype:  #whim__notion__whimsy__whimsey  a whimsical idea; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"
                 subtype:  #meaning__substance  the idea that is intended; "What is the meaning of this proverb?"
                    subtype:  #significance.meaning__import__implication  a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was spread both by word and by implication"
                    subtype:  #tenor.meaning__strain  pervading note of an utterance; "I could follow the general tenor of his argument"
                       subtype:  #purport__drift  general meaning or tenor: "caught the drift of the conversation"
                    subtype:  #undercurrent__undertone  subdued emotional quality underlying an utterance; implicit meaning
                    subtype:  #denotation__reference__extension  the class of objects that an expression refers to; "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
                    subtype:  #reference.meaning  the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to; "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
                    subtype:  #connotation  an idea that is implied or suggested
                 subtype:  #burden  the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
                 subtype:  #theme__motif  a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; "it was the usual `boy gets girl' theme"
                 subtype:  #ideal  the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain
                    subtype:  #value.ideal  an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"
                       subtype:  #introject  (psychoanalysis) a parental figures (and their values) that you introjected as a child; the voice of conscience is usually a parent's voice internalized
                       subtype:  #principle  a rule or standard especially of good behavior: "a man of principle"; "he will not violate his principles"
                          subtype:  #chivalry  the medieval principles of knighthood
                          subtype:  #ethic__moral_principle__moralprinciple__value-system__valuesystem__value_orientation__valueorientation  the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a person with old-fashioned values"
                             subtype:  #Chartism  the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
                          subtype:  #Hellenism  the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization
                          subtype:  #legal_principle__legalprinciple__judicial_principle__judicial_doctrine  a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence
                             subtype:  #jus_sanguinis__jussanguini  the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
                             subtype:  #jus_soli__jussoli  the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
                             subtype:  #pre-emption__preemption__preemption  the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject
                          subtype:  #scruple  an ethical or moral principle that inhibits action
                    subtype:  #idol__paragon__perfection__beau_ideal  an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept
                    subtype:  #standard__criterion  the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"
                       subtype:  #control_condition__controlcondition__control  a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw"
                       subtype:  #design_criteria  criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device; "the job specifications summarized the design criteria"
                    subtype:  #exemplar__example__model__good_example  something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"
                       subtype:  #beaut__beauty  an outstanding example of its kind; "his roses were beauties"; "when I make a mistake it's a beaut"
                       subtype:  #pattern  a model considered worthy of imitation; "the American constitution has provided a pattern for many republics"
                    subtype:  #ego_ideal__egoideal  an ideal of personal excellence toward which a person strives
                 subtype:  #idealization.idea__idealisation  something that exists only as an idea
                 subtype:  #keynote  a fundamental or central idea
              subtype:  #heart_and_soul__heartandsoul__kernel__substance__core__center__essence__heart__inwardness__marrow__meat__nub__sum__nittygritty  the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"
                 subtype:  #hypostasis.heart_and_soul__hypostasi  (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying reality
                 subtype:  #quiddity__haecceity  the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any other
                 subtype:  #quintessence.heart_and_soul  the purest and most concentrated essence of something
                 subtype:  #stuff.heart_and_soul  a critically important or characteristic component; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative"
              subtype:  #wisdom  accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment
                 subtype:  #abstrusity__reconditeness__reconditenes__abstrusenes__profoundness__profundity  wisdom that is recondite and abstruse and profound; "the anthropologist was impressed by the reconditeness of the native proverbs"
              subtype:  #internal_representation__representation__mental_representation  a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image
                 subtype:  #overlap.internal_representation__convergence  a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena; "there was no overlap between their proposals"
                    subtype:  #crossroads  a point where a choice must be made; "Freud's work stands at the crossroads between psychology and neurology"
                    subtype:  #interface.overlap  the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other; "the interface between chemistry and biology"
                 subtype:  #instantiation  a representation of an idea in the form of an instance of it; "how many instantiations were found?"
                 subtype:  #antitype.internal_representation  a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament
                 subtype:  #stereotype  a conventional or formulaic conception or image: "regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding"
                 subtype:  #schema__scheme  an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world
                 subtype:  #mental_image__image  an iconic mental representation; "her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate"
                    subtype:  #imagination_image__imaginationimage__thought-image__thoughtimage  a mental image produced by the imagination
                    subtype:  #memory_image  a mental image of something previously experienced
                       subtype:  #memory_picture  a memory image that is similar to a visual perception
                       subtype:  #afterimage__aftersensation  an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased
                          subtype:  #aftertaste  an afterimage of a taste
                    subtype:  #visual_image__visualization__visualisation  a mental image that is similar to a visual perception
                    subtype:  #mental_picture__picture__impression  a clear and telling mental image; "he described his mental picture of his assailant"; "he had no clear picture of himself or his world"; "the events left a permanent impression in his mind"
                    subtype:  #auditory_image  a mental image that is similar to an auditory perception
                 subtype:  #interpretation.internal_representation__reading__version  a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
                    subtype:  #anagoge  a mystical or allegorical interpretation (especially of Scripture)
                    subtype:  #reinterpretation.interpretation  a new or different meaning
                    subtype:  #exegesis.interpretation__exegesi  critical interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible)
                    subtype:  #eisegesis  personal interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible) using your own ideas
                 subtype:  #phantasmagoria  a constantly changing medley or real or imagined images (as in a dream)
                 subtype:  #psychosexuality  the mental representation of sexual activities
                 subtype:  #percept__perception__perceptual_experience  the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept
                    subtype:  #figure.percept  a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground
                    subtype:  #ground.percept  a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
                    subtype:  #visual_percept__visual_image  a percept that arises from the eyes; an image in the visual system
                       subtype:  #sight  an instance of visual perception; "the sight of his wife brought him back to reality"; "the train was an unexpected sight"
                       subtype:  #vista__view__aspect__prospect__scene__panorama  the visual percept of a region; "the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
                          subtype:  #background.vista__ground  the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "he posed her against a background of rolling hills"
                          subtype:  #coast  the area within view; "the coast is clear"
                          subtype:  #exposure.vista  aspect re light or wind; "the studio had a northern exposure"
                          subtype:  #foreground  the part of a scene that is near the viewer
                          subtype:  #glimpse  a brief or incomplete view; "from the window he could catch a glimpse of the lake"
                          subtype:  #middle_distance  the part of a scene between the foreground and the background
                          subtype:  #side_view  a view from the side of something
                             subtype:  #profile.side_view  a side view representation of an object (especially a human face)
                          subtype:  #tableau  any dramatic scene
                       subtype:  #visual_field__field_of_regard  all of the points of the physical environment that can be perceived by a stable eye at a given moment
                       subtype:  #field_of_view__field  the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument)
                          subtype:  #microscopic_field__microscopicfield  the areas that is visible through a microscope
                          subtype:  #operative_field__operativefield  the area that is open during surgery
                 subtype:  #memory  something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost"
                    subtype:  #reminiscence  a mental impression retained and recalled from the past
                    subtype:  #recollection  something recalled to the mind
                    subtype:  #engram__memory_trace  a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
                    subtype:  #confabulation  (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
                    subtype:  #screen_memory  an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance
                 subtype:  #example__model  a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example"
                    subtype:  #lodestar__loadstar  something that serves as a model or guide
                    subtype:  #prototype__paradigm__epitome__image  a standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father"
                       subtype:  #imago.prototype  (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood
                       subtype:  #concentrate.prototype  a concentrated example; "the concentrate of contemporary despair"
                    subtype:  #type_specimen__holotype  the original specimen from which the description of anew species is made
                    subtype:  #microcosm  a miniature model of something
                    subtype:  #original__archetype__pilot  an original model on which something is patterned
                    subtype:  #template__templet  a model or standard for making comparisons
                       subtype:  #speech_rhythm__rhythm  the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frost's poetry"
                 subtype:  #appearance.internal_representation  a mental representation; "I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
                    subtype:  #illusion__semblance  an erroneous mental representation
                       subtype:  #phantom__apparition__shadow  something existing in perception only: "a ghostly apparition at midnight"
                          subtype:  #unidentified_flying_object__UFO__flying_saucer  an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins
                          subtype:  #Flying_Dutchman.phantom__flyingdutchman  a phantom ship that is said to appear in storms near the Cape of Good Hope
                          subtype:  #spook__ghost__shade__wraith__specter  a mental representation of some haunting experience; "he looked like he had seen a ghost"; "it aroused specters from his past"
                       subtype:  #phantom_limb__phantomlimb  the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated
                    subtype:  #three-D__3-D__3D__3d  having a three-dimensional form or appearance: "aren't dreams always in 3-D?"
                    subtype:  #front.appearance  the outward appearance of a person; "he put up a bold front"
                 subtype:  #blur__fuzz  a hazy or indistinct representation; "it happened so fast it was just a blur"; "he tried to clear his head of the whisky fuzz"
                 subtype:  #abstractionism__unrealism  a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples
                 subtype:  #concretism__concrete_representation  a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms
                    subtype:  #shape.concretism__embodiment  a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; "a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life"
              subtype:  #belief  any cognitive content held as true
                 subtype:  #conviction__strong_belief__article_of_faith  an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence
                    subtype:  #amateurism  the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money
                    subtype:  #nationalism  the conviction that the culture and interests of your nation are superior to those of any other nation
                 subtype:  #faith.belief  complete confidence in a person or plan etc; "he cherished the faith of a good woman"; "the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust"
                 subtype:  #doctrine__philosophy__school_of_thought__ism  a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
                    subtype:  #abolitionism  the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
                    subtype:  #absolutism  the doctrine of an absolute being
                    subtype:  #amoralism  the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid
                    subtype:  #animalism  the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature
                    subtype:  #animism  the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; "animism is common among primitive peoples"
                    subtype:  #creationism  the literal belief in the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of evolution of species"
                       subtype:  #creation_science  an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis
                    subtype:  #creed__credo  any system of principles or beliefs
                       subtype:  #testament  a profession of belief; "he stated his political testament"
                       subtype:  #Athanasian_Creed  a Christian profession of faith
                    subtype:  #dogma  a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; "he believed all the Marxist dogma"
                    subtype:  #dualism  the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
                    subtype:  #epicureanism  a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers
                    subtype:  #expansionism  the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
                    subtype:  #formalism.doctrine  the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
                    subtype:  #functionalism  any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose
                    subtype:  #gospel  a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance; "Newton's writings were gospel for those who followed"
                    subtype:  #gymnosophy  the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation
                    subtype:  #imitation.doctrine  the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations
                       subtype:  #mimesis  the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
                    subtype:  #laissez_faire__laissezfaire__individualism  the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
                    subtype:  #internationalism  the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences
                    subtype:  #unilateralism  the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
                    subtype:  #irredentism__irridentism  the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
                    subtype:  #literalism  the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature
                    subtype:  #majority_rule__democracy  the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
                    subtype:  #monism  the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
                    subtype:  #nihilism  a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
                    subtype:  #passivism__pacifism  the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable
                    subtype:  #pluralism  the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
                    subtype:  #populism  the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
                    subtype:  #freethinking__rationalism  the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct
                    subtype:  #humanism  the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
                    subtype:  #humanitarianism__humanism  the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
                    subtype:  #egalitarianism__equalitarianism  the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
                    subtype:  #feminism  a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
                    subtype:  #ecumenism__ecumenicism__ecumenicalism  the doctrine of the ecumenical movement promoting cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations; aimed at universal Christian unity
                    subtype:  #secessionism  a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
                    subtype:  #secularism  a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
                    subtype:  #phenomenology  a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account
                    subtype:  #philosophical_doctrine__philosophicaldoctrine__philosophical_theory__philosophicaltheory  a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
                       subtype:  #aesthetic__esthetic  a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful; "he despised the esthetic of minimalism"
                       subtype:  #Aristotelianism  the philosophy of Aristotle that elaborates the fundamental principles of the syllogism
                       subtype:  #conceptualism  the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
                       subtype:  #Confucianism  the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
                       subtype:  #deconstruction__deconstructionism  a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
                       subtype:  #empiricism__empiricist_philosophy__sensationalism  the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
                          subtype:  #experimentalism  an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles
                          subtype:  #logical_positivism__logicalpositivism__positivism  the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)
                             subtype:  #Comtism  Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top
                       subtype:  #existentialism__existentialist_philosophy  a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
                       subtype:  #determinism  a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
                          subtype:  #fatalism  a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them
                       subtype:  #formalism.philosophical_doctrine  the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
                       subtype:  #idealism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that ideas are the only reality
                       subtype:  #intuitionism  the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition
                       subtype:  #logicism  the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
                       subtype:  #physicalism__materialism  the doctrine that matter is the only reality
                          subtype:  #dialectical_materialism__dialecticalmaterialism  the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
                       subtype:  #mechanism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
                       subtype:  #mentalism  a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
                       subtype:  #nativism  the philosophical doctrine that some ideas are innate
                       subtype:  #naturalism  the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
                       subtype:  #nominalism  the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
                       subtype:  #operationalism  the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
                       subtype:  #Platonism__realism  the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
                       subtype:  #pragmatism  the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
                       subtype:  #probabilism  the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
                       subtype:  #rationalism  the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
                       subtype:  #naive_realism__naiverealism__realism  the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived
                       subtype:  #relativism  the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
                       subtype:  #scholasticism  the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
                       subtype:  #semiotics__semiotic  a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols
                       subtype:  #sensualism__sensationalism  the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good
                       subtype:  #solipsism  the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
                       subtype:  #Stoicism  the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
                       subtype:  #subjectivism  the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
                       subtype:  #Daoism__Taoism  philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
                       subtype:  #teleology  a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes
                       subtype:  #traditionalism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions
                       subtype:  #vitalism  a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
                    subtype:  #states'_rights.doctrine  a doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states
                       subtype:  #nullification.states'_rights  the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
                    subtype:  #teaching__precept  a doctrine that is taught; "the teaching of religion"; "he believed all the Christian precepts"
                       subtype:  #Golden_Rule  a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount: "Whatsoever ye would that men do unto you, do you even so unto them" (Mathew 7:12)
                    subtype:  #theological_doctrine__theologicaldoctrine  the doctrine of a religious group
                       subtype:  #theanthropism  (theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine
                       subtype:  #predestination__foreordination__preordination__predetermination  (theology) the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
                       subtype:  #spiritualism.theological_doctrine  any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God
                       subtype:  #antinomianism  the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
                       subtype:  #Thomism  the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
                       subtype:  #Arianism  the theological doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father
                       subtype:  #Athanasianism  the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
                       subtype:  #Boehmenism__Behmenism  the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
                       subtype:  #consubstantiation  the High-Church Anglican doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine
                       subtype:  #Episcopalianism  the theological doctrine of Church government by bishops
                       subtype:  #Erastianism__Byzantinism__Caesaropapism  the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
                       subtype:  #Jansenism  the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
                       subtype:  #millenarianism  belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
                       subtype:  #Quakerism  the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
                       subtype:  #rationalism.theological_doctrine  the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth
                          subtype:  #deism__free_thought  the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
                       subtype:  #Rosicrucianism  the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the Cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and Redemption; claims various occult powers
                       subtype:  #synergism  the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
                       subtype:  #total_depravity  the Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin
                       subtype:  #transubstantiation  the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
                       subtype:  #universalism  the theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved
                       subtype:  #Virgin_Birth__Nativity  the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
                    subtype:  #utilitarianism  doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
                    subtype:  #religious_doctrine__religiousdoctrine__church_doctrine__gospel__creed  the body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
                       subtype:  #Nicene_Creed  a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
                       subtype:  #tenet__belief__dogma  a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
                          subtype:  #article_of_faith__credendum  (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
                       subtype:  #Immaculate_Conception  the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin
                       subtype:  #Incarnation  the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
                       subtype:  #real_presence  the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist
                 subtype:  #philosophy.belief  any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it"
                 subtype:  #outlook__expectation__prospect  belief about (or mental picture of) the future
                    subtype:  #promise.outlook__hope  grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; "there is little or no promise that he will recover"
                       subtype:  #rainbow.promise  an illusory hope; "chasing rainbows"
                    subtype:  #foretaste  an early limited awareness of something yet to occur
                    subtype:  #possibility  a future prospect or potential; "this room has great possibilities"
                    subtype:  #anticipation.outlook__expectancy  something expected (as on the basis of a norm); "each of them had their own anticipations"; "an indicator of expectancy in development"
                       subtype:  #life_expectancy  an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities
                    subtype:  #misgiving__apprehension  painful expectation
                 subtype:  #fetichism__fetishism  a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)
                 subtype:  #meliorism  the belief that the world can be made better by human effort
                 subtype:  #opinion.belief__sentiment__persuasion__view__thought  a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?"
                    subtype:  #idea  a personal view; "he has an idea that we don't like him"
                    subtype:  #judgment.opinion__judgement__mind  an opinion formed by judging something; "he was reluctant to make his judgment known"; "she changed her mind"
                       subtype:  #decision.judgment__determination__conclusion  a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"; "his conclusion took the evidence into account"; "satisfied with the panel's determination"
                    subtype:  #eyes  opinion or judgment; "in the eyes of the law" or "I was wrong in her eyes"
                    subtype:  #preconception__prepossession__parti_pris__preconceived_opinion__preconceived_idea__preconceived_notion  an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence; "he did not even try to confirm his preconceptions"
                    subtype:  #pole.opinion  one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions; "they are at opposite poles" or "they are poles apart"
                    subtype:  #political_sympathies__politics  the opinion you hold with respect to political questions
                 subtype:  #autotelism  belief that a work of art is an end in itself or its own justification
                 subtype:  #originalism  the belief that the US Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it
                 subtype:  #pacifism  the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration
                 subtype:  #religious_belief__religiousbelief__religion__faith  a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"
                    subtype:  #religious_cult__religiouscult__cult  a system of religious beliefs and rituals
                       subtype:  #macumba  a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing a chanting and dancing
                       subtype:  #obeah__obi  a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
                       subtype:  #Rastafarianism  belief in Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie of Ethiopia) as the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
                       subtype:  #vodoun__voodoo__voodooism__hoodooism  a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
                    subtype:  #ecclesiasticism.religious_belief  religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices
                    subtype:  #religious_mysticism__religiousmysticism__mysticism  a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
                       subtype:  #quietism  a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
                    subtype:  #nature_worship  a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena
                    subtype:  #revealed_religion  a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind
                    subtype:  #theism  the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods
                       subtype:  #monotheism  belief in a single God
                          subtype:  #Judaism  the monotheistic religion of the Jews; based on the Old Testament and the Talmud
                             subtype:  #Orthodox_Judaism  beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic Law
                                subtype:  #Hasidism__Hassidism  beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
                             subtype:  #Conservative_Judaism  beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
                             subtype:  #Reform_Judaism  beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
                          subtype:  #Muhammadanism__Islam__Islamism__Mohammedanism__Muslimism  the monotheistic religion of Muslims based on the Koran
                       subtype:  #polytheism__pantheism  belief in multiple Gods
                    subtype:  #paganism__pagan_religion__paganreligion__heathenism  any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
                    subtype:  #Christianity__Christian_religion  the system of Christian beliefs and practices
                       subtype:  #Second_Adventism__Adventism  any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
                          subtype:  #Seventh-Day_Adventism  Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
                       subtype:  #Catholicism__Catholicity  the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
                          subtype:  #Romanism__Roman_Catholicism  the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
                          subtype:  #Eastern_Catholicism  the beliefs and practices of any of the Eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople
                       subtype:  #Protestantism  the theological system of any of the churches of Western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
                          subtype:  #Anglicanism  the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
                             subtype:  #Anglo-Catholicism__High_Anglicanism  a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
                          subtype:  #Arminianism  doctrines of Jacobus Arminius (1610) rejecting absolute predestination or strict Calvinism
                          subtype:  #Calvinism  the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
                          subtype:  #Christian_Science  religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
                          subtype:  #Lutheranism  teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
                          subtype:  #Unitarianism  Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
                          subtype:  #Trinitarianism  Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
                          subtype:  #Congregationalism  system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
                          subtype:  #Mennonitism  system of beliefs and practices including belief in Scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
                          subtype:  #evangelicalism  stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation
                             subtype:  #revivalism  an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith
                          subtype:  #fundamentalism  the interpretation of every word in the Bible as literal truth
                          subtype:  #Methodism  the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
                          subtype:  #Wesleyanism__Wesleyism  evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
                          subtype:  #Anabaptism  belief in: the primacy of the Bible; baptism of believers not infants; complete separation of church and state
                          subtype:  #Baptistic_doctrine  any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
                          subtype:  #Mormonism  the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
                          subtype:  #pentecostalism  the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues
                          subtype:  #Presbyterianism  the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
                          subtype:  #Puritanism.Protestantism__puritanism  the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
                       subtype:  #Tractarianism__Puseyism  principles of the founders of the Oxford movement; expounded in pamphlets called "Tracts for the Times"
                    subtype:  #Hinduism__Hindooism  a complex of beliefs and values and customs including worship of many gods especially the Trimurti composed of Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; and Shiva the destroyer
                       subtype:  #Krishnaism  worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
                       subtype:  #Shivaism__Sivaism  worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
                       subtype:  #Shaktism__Saktism  worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
                       subtype:  #Vishnuism__Vaishnavism__Vaisnavism  worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
                       subtype:  #Yoga  a Hindu theistic philosophy; union of self and the Supreme Being is sought through a state of complete awareness and tranquillity attained by certain physical exercises
                    subtype:  #Brahmanism__Brahminism  the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
                    subtype:  #Jainism  religion founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
                    subtype:  #Sikhism  a radically monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 16th Century
                    subtype:  #Buddhism  the ethical philosophy of Buddha; emphasizes physical and spiritual discipline as a means of liberation from the physical world
                       subtype:  #Mahayana  one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; chiefly in China; Tibet; Japan
                       subtype:  #Hinayana  one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through one's own efforts; chiefly in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); Myanmar (Burma); Thailand; Cambodia
                       subtype:  #Lamaism  Tibetan Buddhist doctrine including non-Buddhist Indian elements and elements of preexisting shamanism
                       subtype:  #Zen_Buddhism__Zen  doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
                       subtype:  #Shingon  a Japanese Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
                       subtype:  #Tantra__Tantrism  doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
                    subtype:  #Hsuan_Chiao__Taoism  popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
                    subtype:  #Shintoism__Shinto  the indigenous polytheistic religion of Japan lacking organized teachings; primarily nature and ancestor worship including a chief deity from whom the emperor is believed to be descended
                    subtype:  #Mithraism__Mithraicism  ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
                    subtype:  #Zoroastrianism__Mazdaism  system founded in Persia in the 6th century b.c. by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
                       subtype:  #Parsiism__Parseeism  Zoroastrian sect in India
                    subtype:  #shamanism  an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
                    subtype:  #shamanism.religious_belief  any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes
                 subtype:  #public_opinion__popular_opinion__popularopinion__opinion__vox_populi__voxpopuli  a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; "he asked for a poll of public opinion"
                 subtype:  #sacerdotalism  a belief that priests can act as mediators between human beings and God
                 subtype:  #spiritualism  the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)
                 subtype:  #spiritual_world__unseen  a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit
                 subtype:  #supernaturalism  a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
                    subtype:  #magic  any art that invokes supernatural powers
                       subtype:  #juju  the power associated with a juju
                       subtype:  #mojo  a magic power or magic spell
                       subtype:  #conjuring__conjury  invoking a spirit or devil
                          subtype:  #summoning__evocation  calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations
                       subtype:  #sorcery__black_magic__blackmagic__black_art__blackart  the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world
                          subtype:  #witchcraft__witchery  the art of sorcery
                          subtype:  #bewitchment__enchantment  a magical spell
                          subtype:  #diabolism__demonism__Satanism  the worship of devils (especially Satan)
                          subtype:  #obiism  belief in a kind of sorcery that originated in Africa and is practiced in the West Indies
                       subtype:  #theurgy  magic performed with the help of beneficent spirits
                    subtype:  #exorcism__dispossession  freeing from evil spirits
                 subtype:  #superstition__superstitious_notion__superstitiousnotion  an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear
                 subtype:  #theory.belief  a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
                    subtype:  #hodgepodge__patchwork__jumble  a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas
                 subtype:  #theosophy  belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul
                 subtype:  #thought  the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; "19th century thought" or "Darwinian thought"
                    subtype:  #mainstream  the prevailing current of thought; "his thinking was in the American mainstream"
                 subtype:  #totemism  belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem
                 subtype:  #tribalism  the beliefs of a tribal society
                 subtype:  #values  beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something); "he has very conservatives values"
                 subtype:  #individualism  a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
                    subtype:  #rugged_individualism  individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition
              subtype:  #unbelief__disbelief  a rejection of belief
                 subtype:  #skepticism__agnosticism__scepticism  the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge
                 subtype:  #atheism  a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
                 subtype:  #heresy__unorthodoxy  a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
              subtype:  #goal.cognitive_content__end  the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; "the ends justify the means"
                 subtype:  #objective__aim__object__target  the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children"
                    subtype:  #business.objective  an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
                       subtype:  #occasions__occasion  something you have to do; "he minded his own specialized occasions"
                    subtype:  #point.objective  the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
                    subtype:  #thing.objective  a special objective: "the thing is to stay in bounds"
                 subtype:  #bourn__bourne  an archaic term for a goal or destination
                 subtype:  #end-all__endall  the ultimate goal; "human beings are not the end-all of evolution"
                 subtype:  #destination__terminus  the ultimate goal for which something is done
                 subtype:  #no-goal  a nonexistent goal; "he lived without a reason progressing toward no-goal"
                 subtype:  #purpose__intent__intention__aim__design  an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; "his intent was to provide a new translation"; "good intentions are not enough"; "it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs"; "he made no secret of his designs"
                    subtype:  #mind.purpose__idea  your intention; what you intend to do; "he had in mind to see his old teacher"; "the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces"
                    subtype:  #cross-purpose__crosspurpose  a contrary aim; "at cross-purposes"
                    subtype:  #sake  the purpose of achieving or obtaining; "for the sake of argument"
                    subtype:  #view.purpose  the phrase "with a view to" means "with the intention of"; "he took the computer with a view to pawning it"
                    subtype:  #will  a fixed and persistent intent or purpose; "where there's a will there's a way"
                 subtype:  #intention.goal  (usually plural) the goal with respect to a marriage proposal; "his intentions are entirely honorable"
              subtype:  #education.cognitive_content  knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
                 subtype:  #physical_education  training in the development of and care for the human body; stresses athletics; includes hygiene
                 subtype:  #experience  the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; "a man of experience"; "experience is the best teacher"
                    subtype:  #familiarization  the experience of becoming familiar with something
                    subtype:  #woodcraft.experience  skill and experience in matters relating to the woods (as hunting or fishing or camping)
                 subtype:  #eruditeness__eruditenes__learnedness__learning__scholarship  profound knowledge
                    subtype:  #letters.eruditeness__letter  scholarly attainment; "he is a man of letters"
                 subtype:  #enlightenment  education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
                    subtype:  #edification__sophistication  uplifting enlightenment
                       subtype:  #disenchantment__disillusion__disillusionment  freeing from false belief or illusions
                    subtype:  #satori  (Zen Buddhism) a state of sudden spiritual enlightenment
              subtype:  #experience.cognitive_content  the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly"
                 subtype:  #world.experience__reality  all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; "his world was shattered"; "we live in different worlds"; "for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were"
                    subtype:  #real_world__real_life  the practical world as opposed to the academic world; "a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world"
                 subtype:  #life.experience__living  the experience of living; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life"
                 subtype:  #reliving__re-experiencing__reexperiencing  a recurrence of a prior experience; "the reliving of a strong emotion can be therapeutic"
                 subtype:  #reminder  an experience that causes you to remember something
                    subtype:  #deja_vu  the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
                    subtype:  #memento  a reminder of past events
                    subtype:  #memento_mori__mementomori  a reminder (as a death's head) of your mortality
                    subtype:  #shades_of  something that reminds you of someone or something; "aren't there shades of 1948 here?"
              subtype:  #acculturation.cognitive_content__culture  all the knowledge and values shared by a society
              subtype:  #lore__traditional_knowledge__traditionalknowledge  knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote: "early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend"
                 subtype:  #old_wives'_tale  a bit of lore passed on by word of mouth
                 subtype:  #folklore  the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture
              subtype:  #ignorance  the lack of knowledge or education
                 subtype:  #ignorantness__nescience__unknowing__unknowingness__unknowingnes  ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)
                 subtype:  #inexperience  lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience
                 subtype:  #unenlightenment  a lack of understanding
                    subtype:  #dark.unenlightenment__darkness  an unenlightened state; "he was in the dark concerning their intentions"; "his lectures dispelled the darkness"
                 subtype:  #illiteracy.ignorance  ignorance resulting from not reading
              subtype:  #knowledge_domain__knowledgedomain__knowledge_base__knowledgebase  the content of a particular domain or field of knowledge
                 subtype:  #domain.knowledge_domain__region__realm  a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited domain of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult"
                 subtype:  #scientific_knowledge  knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles; "mathematics is the basis for much scientific knowledge"
              subtype:  #metaknowledge  knowledge about knowledge
           subtype:  #history.cognition  all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge: "the dawn of recorded history"; "from the beginning of history"
           subtype:  #mental_attitude__attitude  a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; "he had the attitude that work was fun"
              subtype:  #credence__acceptance  the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true; "he gave credence to the gossip"; "acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years"
              subtype:  #defensive_attitude__defensiveattitude__defensive  an attitude of defense; especially in the phrase "on the defensive"
              subtype:  #hardball.mental_attitude  a no-nonsense attitude in business or politics; "they play hardball in the Senate"
              subtype:  #high_horse  an attitude of arrogant superiority; "get off your high horse and admit you are wrong"
              subtype:  #southernism.mental_attitude  a attitude characteristic of Southerners (especially in the US)
              subtype:  #mentality__outlook__mindset__mind-set  a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations
              subtype:  #paternalism  the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good
              subtype:  #position.mental_attitude__stance__posture  a rationalized mental attitude
                 subtype:  #hard_line  a firm and uncompromising stance or position; "the governor took a hard line on drugs"
              subtype:  #inclination.mental_attitude__disposition__tendency  an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; "he had an inclination to give up too easily"; "a tendency to be too strict"
                 subtype:  #direction.inclination  a general course along which something has a tendency to develop; "I couldn't follow the direction of his thoughts"; "his ideals determined the direction of his career"; "they proposed a new direction for the firm"
                 subtype:  #trend__drift  a general tendency as of opinion: "not openly liberal but that is the tendency of the book"
                 subtype:  #Call  a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course; "he was disappointed that he had not heard the Call"
                 subtype:  #devices__device  an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase "left to your own devices"; "the children were left to their own devices"
                 subtype:  #sympathy.inclination__understanding  an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion; "his sympathies were always with the underdog"; "I knew I could count on his understanding"
                 subtype:  #favoritism__favouritism  an inclination to favor some person or group
                 subtype:  #proclivity__propensity__leaning  a natural inclination; "he has a proclivity for exaggeration"
                 subtype:  #bent__set  a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way; "the set of his mind was obvious"
                 subtype:  #literalism.inclination  a disposition to interpret statements in their literal sense
                 subtype:  #predisposition.inclination  an inclination beforehand to interpret statements in a particular way
                    subtype:  #predilection__preference__orientation  a predisposition in favor of something; "a predilection for expensive cars"; "his sexual preferences"; "showed a Marxist orientation"
                 subtype:  #favor.inclination__favour  an inclination to approve; "that style is in favor this season"
                 subtype:  #disfavour__disfavor__dislike__disapproval  an inclination to withhold approval from some person or group
                    subtype:  #doghouse  an idiomatic term for being in disfavor; "in the doghouse"
                    subtype:  #reprobation  severe disapproval
                 subtype:  #partiality__partisanship  an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives
                    subtype:  #anthropocentrism__anthropocentricity  an inclination to evaluate reality exclusively in terms of human values
                    subtype:  #ethnocentrism  belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
                    subtype:  #Eurocentrism  belief in the preeminence of Europe and the Europeans
                    subtype:  #prejudice__bias__preconception  a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
                       subtype:  #tabu__taboo  a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature
                       subtype:  #irrational_hostility  extreme prejudice
                       subtype:  #experimenter_bias  (psychology) bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in the experiment
                       subtype:  #homophobia  prejudice against (fear or dislike of) homosexual people and homosexuality
                       subtype:  #racism  the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races
                          subtype:  #anti-Semitism  the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people
                          subtype:  #white_supremacy__whitesupremacy  the prejudice that members of the white race are superior to members of other races
                       subtype:  #tendentiousness__tendentiousnes  an intentional and controversial bias
                    subtype:  #tilt  a slight but noticeable partiality; "the court's tilt toward conservative rulings"
                    subtype:  #sectionalism__provincialism__localism  a partiality for some particular place
                    subtype:  #inequity__unfairness  partiality that is not fair or equitable
                 subtype:  #impartiality__nonpartisanship  an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally
                    subtype:  #disinterestedness__disinterestednes  freedom from bias or selfish motives
                    subtype:  #fair-mindedness__fairness__candor__candour  ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
              subtype:  #tolerance.mental_attitude  willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others
                 subtype:  #broad-mindedness  an inclination to tolerate or overlook opposing or shocking opinions or behavior
                 subtype:  #liberalness__liberalnes  an inclination to favor progress and individual freedom
                 subtype:  #disinterest__neutrality  tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement
              subtype:  #intolerance.mental_attitude  unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs
                 subtype:  #narrow-mindedness  an inclination to criticize opposing opinions or chocking behavior
                    subtype:  #parochialism  a limitation of views or interests like that defined by a local parish
                    subtype:  #pettiness.narrow-mindedness__pettines  narrowness of mind or ideas or views
                    subtype:  #provincialism  a lack of sophistication
                    subtype:  #sectarianism__denominationalism  a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination; "he condemned religious sectarianism"
                 subtype:  #bigotry  the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot
                 subtype:  #fanaticism__zealotry  excessive intolerance of opposing views
              subtype:  #respect.mental_attitude__esteem__regard  an attitude of admiration or esteem; "she lost all respect for him"
                 subtype:  #estimate.respect__estimation  the respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability"
                    subtype:  #reputation.estimate__report  the general estimation that the public has for a person; "he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing"; "he was a person of bad report"
              subtype:  #disrespect  a disrespectful mental attitude
              subtype:  #reverence  a reverent mental attitude
              subtype:  #irreverence  an irreverent mental attitude
                 subtype:  #profaneness__profanenes  an attitude of irreverence or contempt for a divinity
              subtype:  #orientation.mental_attitude  an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs
                 subtype:  #wavelength.orientation  a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding; "they are on the same wavelength"
                 subtype:  #experimentalism.orientation  an orientation that favors experimentation and innovation; "the children of psycholoigsts are often raised in an atmosphere of experimentalism"
                 subtype:  #reorientation  a new orientation; a changed set of attitudes and beliefs
                 subtype:  #perspective__position__view  a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; "consider what follows from the positivist view"
                    subtype:  #cutting_edge__cuttingedge__vanguard__forefront  the position of greatest advancement; the leading position in any movement or field
                    subtype:  #paradigm.perspective  the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time; "he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm"
                    subtype:  #viewpoint__point_of_view__stand__standpoint  a mental position from which things are viewed; "we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians"; "teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events"
                       subtype:  #slant__angle  a biased way of looking at or presenting something
                    subtype:  #light  a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
                    subtype:  #sight.perspective  a range of mental vision; "in his sight she could do no wrong"
                    subtype:  #Weltanschauung__world_view__worldview  a comprehensive view of the world and human life
                       subtype:  #clockwork_universe__clockworkuniverse  the view that the universe resembles a clock built by God and ticking along according to Newtonian mechanics
                 subtype:  #orthodoxy.orientation  a belief or orientation agreeing with conventional standards
                    subtype:  #conformism__conformity  orthodoxy in thoughts and belief
                       subtype:  #conventionality.conformism  conformity with conventional thought and behavior
                       subtype:  #legalism  strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit
                 subtype:  #heterodoxy__unorthodoxy__heresy  any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position
                    subtype:  #iconoclasm  the orientation of an iconoclast
                    subtype:  #nonconformance__nonconformity  a lack of conformity
                 subtype:  #political_orientation__politicalorientation__ideology__political_theory__politicaltheory  an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
                    subtype:  #totalitarianism__absolutism__totalism  the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
                    subtype:  #anarchism  a political theory favoring the abolition of governments
                    subtype:  #autocracy  a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual
                       subtype:  #Machiavellianism  the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
                    subtype:  #theocracy  the belief in government by divine guidance
                    subtype:  #collectivism  a political theory that the people should own the means of production
                    subtype:  #communism.political_orientation  a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
                    subtype:  #conservatism__conservativism  a political orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
                       subtype:  #reaction.conservatism  extreme conservatism in political or social matters; "the forces of reaction carried the election"
                    subtype:  #constitutionalism  advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles
                    subtype:  #democracy  the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
                    subtype:  #social_democracy  the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
                    subtype:  #elitism  the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals
                    subtype:  #extremism  any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies
                    subtype:  #fascism  a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
                    subtype:  #federalism  the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units
                    subtype:  #imperialism.political_orientation  a political orientation that advocates imperial interests
                    subtype:  #liberalism  a political orientation that favors progress and reform
                       subtype:  #neoliberalism  a political orientation originating in the 1960s; blends liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth
                    subtype:  #meritocracy  the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
                    subtype:  #libertarianism  an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech
                    subtype:  #moderatism  a moderate political orientation; an avoidance of extremes
                    subtype:  #monarchism  a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system
                    subtype:  #negritude  an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms
                    subtype:  #progressivism  the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
                    subtype:  #radicalism  the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society
                       subtype:  #Jacobinism  the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
                    subtype:  #reactionism  the political orientation of reactionaries
                    subtype:  #republicanism  the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government
                    subtype:  #socialism  a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
                       subtype:  #Fabianism  (British) socialism to be established by gradual reforms within the law
                       subtype:  #guild_socialism  a form of socialist theory advocating state ownership of industry but managements by guilds of workers
                       subtype:  #utopian_socialism__utopiansocialism  socialism achieved by voluntary sacrifice
                    subtype:  #Utopianism  the political orientation of a utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes social perfection
                    subtype:  #dovishness  any political orientation favoring compromise to avoid conflict
                       subtype:  #peace_advocacy__peaceadvocacy  any policy that advocates maintaining peaceful international relations
                    subtype:  #hawkishness__hawkishnes  any political orientation favoring aggressive policies
                       subtype:  #militarism  aggressiveness that involves the threat of using military force
                       subtype:  #warmongering__war_advocacy__waradvocacy  a policy of advocating war
                 subtype:  #religious_orientation__religiousorientation  an attitude toward religion or religious practices
                    subtype:  #agnosticism  a religious orientation of doubt; a denial of ultimate knowledge of the existence of God; "agnosticism holds that you can neither prove nor disprove God's existence"
                    subtype:  #Gnosticism  a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
                    subtype:  #godlessness__godlessnes  the doctrine or belief that there is no God
                    subtype:  #anti-Catholicism  a religious orientation opposed to Catholicism
        subtype:  #motivation__motive__need  the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action; the reason for the action; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives"
           subtype:  #life.motivation  a motive for living; "pottery was his life"
           subtype:  #rational_motive  a motive that can be defended by reasoning or logical argument
              subtype:  #reason.rational_motive__ground  a rational motive for a belief or action; "the reason that war was declared"; "the grounds for their declaration"
                 subtype:  #occasion  reason; "there was no occasion for complaint"
                 subtype:  #score.reason__account  grounds; "don't do it on my account"; "the paper was rejected on account of its length"; "he tried to blame the victim but his success on that score was doubtful"
                 subtype:  #why__wherefore  the cause or intention underlying an action or situation esp in the phrase "the whys and wherefores"
              subtype:  #inducement__incentive__motivator  a positive motivational influence
                 subtype:  #moral_force__moralforce__dynamic  an efficient incentive; "they hoped it would act as a spiritual dynamic on all churches"
              subtype:  #disincentive__deterrence  a negative motivational influence
           subtype:  #irrational_motive  a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logic
              subtype:  #irrational_impulse  a strong spontaneous and irrational motivation; "his first impulse was to denounce them"; "the urge to find out got him into trouble"
                 subtype:  #irresistible_impulse__compulsion  an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid
              subtype:  #mania__passion__cacoethe  an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
                 subtype:  #agromania  an intense desire to be alone or out in the open
                 subtype:  #dipsomania__alcoholism__potomania  an intense persistent desire to drink alcoholic beverages to excess
                 subtype:  #egomania  an intense and irresistible love for yourself and concern for your own needs
                 subtype:  #kleptomania  an irresistible impulse to steal in the absence of any economic motive
                 subtype:  #logorrhea__logomania  pathologically excessive (and often incoherent) talking
                 subtype:  #monomania__possession  a mania restricted to one thing or idea
                 subtype:  #necrophilia__necromania  an irresistible sexual attraction to dead bodies
                 subtype:  #phaneromania  an irresistible desire to pick a superficial body parts (as in obsessive nail-biting)
                 subtype:  #pyromania  an uncontrollable desire to set fire to things
                 subtype:  #trichotillomania  an irresistible urge to pull out your own hair
              subtype:  #compulsion.irrational_motive__obsession  an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions against your will
                 subtype:  #onomatomania  obsession with a particular word which the person uses repeatedly or which intrudes into consciousness
           subtype:  #urge__impulse  an instinctive motive; "profound religious impulses"
              subtype:  #abience  (psychology) an urge to withdraw or avoid a situation or an object
              subtype:  #adience  (psychology) an urge to accept or approach a situation or an object
              subtype:  #death_instinct__deathinstinct__death_wish__deathwish  (psychoanalysis) an unconscious urge to die
              subtype:  #wanderlust  very strong or irresistible impulse to travel
           subtype:  #ethical_motive__ethicalmotive__ethics__morals__morality  motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
              subtype:  #hedonism  the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
              subtype:  #scruples__conscience__moral_sense__moralsense__sense_of_right_and_wrong  motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions
                 subtype:  #superego  (psychoanalysis) that part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience
                 subtype:  #wee_small_voice__small_voice__voice_of_conscience  an inner voice that judges your behavior
                 subtype:  #sense_of_shame__sense_of_duty  a motivating awareness of ethical responsibility
              subtype:  #Inner_Light__Light__Light_Within__Christ_Within  a divine presence believed by Quakers to enlighten and guide the soul
           subtype:  #psychic_energy__psychicenergy__mental_energy  an actuating force or factor
              subtype:  #incitement__provocation  a means of arousing or stirring to action
                 subtype:  #signal.incitement  any incitement to action; "he awaited the signal to start"; "the victory was a signal for wild celebration"
              subtype:  #libidinal_energy__libidinalenergy  (psychoanalysis) psychic energy produced by the libido
                 subtype:  #cathexis__charge  (psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object; "Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge"
                 subtype:  #acathexis  (psychoanalysis) a lack of cathexis; a condition in which significant objects or memories arouse no emotion in an individual
     subtype:  pm#unit_of_measure_for_a_psychological_attribute
  subtype:  sumo#Attribute
     subtype:  sumo#internal_attribute  any attribute of an entity that is an internal property of the entity, e.g., its shape, its color, its fragility, etc
     subtype:  sumo#relational_attribute  any attribute that an entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another entity or set of entities, e.g., social_roles and positional_attributes
        subtype:  sumo#normative_attribute__normativeattribute  attribute specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, etiquette, etc; many of such attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the case
           subtype:  sumo#subjective_assessment_attribute  normative_attribute which lacks an objective criterion for its attribution, i.e. the attribution of such an attribute varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the same subject over time; in the SUMO, if a category from such an external knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, this category is assigned to this class
           subtype:  sumo#objective_norm__objectivenorm  normative_attribute  associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable
     subtype:  dl#quality__Q  an attribute/dimension of something, e.g., its color, but not the measure of this color
        subtype:  dl#temporal_quality__TQ  e.g., a date or a duration, but not its measure/value
           subtype:  dl#Temporal_location__TL
        subtype:  dl#physical_quality__PQ  e.g., weight, color, as attributes
           subtype:  dl#Spatial_location__SL
        subtype:  dl#abstract_quality__AQ  e.g., an asset value (but not any actual measure of this value)
  subtype:  pm#type  second-order type or more
     subtype:  rdfs#class__clas  rdfs#class has pm#binary_relation_type as instance and hence is different from sumo#class
        subtype:  sumo#class__clas  classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g., the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances
           subtype:  rdfs#datatype
           subtype:  owl#restriction
           subtype:  owl#all_different__alldifferent
           subtype:  owl#deprecated_class
           subtype:  dl#rigid__RG  "all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity
           subtype:  dl#leaf_type__L  type without subtype
           subtype:  dl#non-empty__nonempty__NEP  such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance
              subtype:  dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant
           subtype:  pm#situation_class__situationclas  all situation types are instance of this class
              subtype:  pm#sumo_process_class  all SUMO process types are instance of this class
                 instance:  sumo#process__proces__physicalsituation  intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
                    subtype:  sumo#dual_object_process  process requiring two nonidentical patients
                    subtype:  #state  the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
                       subtype:  #skillfulness  the state of being cognitively skillful
                          subtype:  #expertness__expertise  skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge
                             subtype:  #professionalism  the expertness characteristic of a professional person
                          subtype:  #coordination.skillfulness  the skillful and effective interaction of movements
                          subtype:  #versatility  having a wide variety of skills
                          subtype:  #command.skillfulness__control__mastery  great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French"
                          subtype:  #adeptness__adeptnes__adroitnes__deftness__facility__quickness__quicknes  skillful performance or ability without difficulty; "his quick adeptness was a product of good design"; "he was famous for his facility as an archer"
                             subtype:  #touch.adeptness  deftness in handling matters; "he has a master's touch"
                                subtype:  #finishing_touch__finishingtouch__capstone__copestone  a final touch; a crowning achievement; a culmination
                             subtype:  #manual_dexterity__dexterity__sleight  adroitness in using the hands
                          subtype:  #fluency  skillfulness in speaking or writing
                          subtype:  #proficiency.skillfulness__technique  skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; "practice greatly improves proficiency"
                             subtype:  #brushwork  an artist's distinctive technique of applying paint with a brush
                             subtype:  #musketry.proficiency  the technique of using small arms (especially in battle)
                          subtype:  #efficiency.skillfulness  skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; "she did the work with great efficiency"
                             subtype:  #economy  the efficient use of resources; "economy of effort"
                       subtype:  #cognitive_state__cognitivestate__state_of_mind  the state of a person's cognitive processes
                          subtype:  #interestedness  the state of being interested
                          subtype:  #amnesia__memory_loss__blackout  partial or total loss of memory: "he has a total blackout for events of the evening"
                             subtype:  #anterograde_amnesia__anterogradeamnesia__posttraumatic_amnesia__posttraumaticamnesia  loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma; sometimes in effect for events during and for a long time following the trauma
                             subtype:  #retrograde_amnesia  loss of memory for events immediately preceding a trauma
                             subtype:  #forgetfulness__forgetfulnes  tendency to forget
                             subtype:  #selective_amnesia__selectiveamnesia  amnesia about particular events that is very convenient for the person who cannot remember; "why do politicians always develop selective amnesia when questioned about their transgressions?"
                                subtype:  #posthypnotic_amnesia  selective amnesia after being in a hypnotic state of events occurring during hypnosis or of information designated by the hypnotist
                             subtype:  #transient_global_amnesia  memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons; characterized by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment that lasts for several hours; person is otherwise alert and intellectually active
                          subtype:  #paramnesia  (psychiatry) a disorder of memory in which dreams or fantasies are confused with reality
                          subtype:  #set.cognitive_state__readiness__readines  (psychology) a temporary readiness to respond in a particular way; "the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution"; "his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set"
                          subtype:  #ivory_tower__ivorytower  a state of mind that is discussed as if it were a place; "he lived in the ivory tower of speculation"; "they viewed universities as ivory towers"
                          subtype:  #consciousness__consciousnes  an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; "he lost consciousness"
                             subtype:  #stream_of_consciousness.consciousness__streamofconsciousnes  the continuous flow of ideas and feelings that constitute an individual's conscious experience
                             subtype:  #self.consciousness__ego  your consciousness of your own identity
                                subtype:  #anima  (Jungian psychology) the inner self (not the external persona) that is in touch with the unconscious
                             subtype:  #awareness__sentience  state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; "the crash intruded on his awareness"
                             subtype:  #sensibility  mental responsiveness and awareness
                             subtype:  #waking  the state of remaining awake; "days of danger and nights of waking"
                                subtype:  #wakefulness__wakefulnes  a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
                                   subtype:  #arousal.wakefulness  awakening from sleep
                                   subtype:  #vigil  a period of sleeplessness
                          subtype:  #unconsciousness__unconsciousnes  a state lacking normal awareness of the environment
                             subtype:  #unknowingness__unknowingnes__unawarenes  unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention
                                subtype:  #forgetfulness.unknowingness__forgetfulnes  unawareness caused by neglectful or heedless failure to remember; "his forgetfulness increased as he grew older"
                                   subtype:  #obliviousness__obliviousnes  total forgetfulness; "he sought the great oblivion of sleep"
                                subtype:  #unselfconsciousness  the quality of being not self-conscious; unawareness of yourself or of others' views of yourself; "he had the unselfconsciousness of a child"
                             subtype:  #blackout.unconsciousness  a momentary loss of consciousness
                             subtype:  #semiconsciousness__semiconsciousnes__groggines__stupor__stupefaction  marginal consciousness; "his grogginess was caused as much by exhaustion and by the blows"; "someone stole his wallet while he was in a drunken stupor"
                             subtype:  #comatoseness__coma  a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury
                                subtype:  #diabetic_coma__Kussmaul's_coma  coma that can develop in inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus
                                subtype:  #hepatic_coma__hepaticcoma  coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
                             subtype:  #electrosleep  unconsciousness brought about by the passage of a low voltage electric current through the brain
                             subtype:  #semicoma  a mild comatose state; a coma from which the person can be roused by appropriate stimuli
                             subtype:  #insensibility  a lack of sensibility
                             subtype:  #trance  a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep
                                subtype:  #hypnotic_trance  a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist
                                subtype:  #religious_trance__religioustrance__ecstaticstate  a trance induced by intense religious devotion; does not show reduced bodily functions that are typical of other trances
                             subtype:  #semitrance  a trance-like state in which the person can follow instructions but voluntary action is weak or absent
                             subtype:  #narcosis  unconsciousness induced by narcotics or anesthesia
                                subtype:  #nitrogen_narcosis  confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure"
                          subtype:  #subconsciousness  a state of mind not immediately available to consciousness
                          subtype:  #curiosity__wonder  a state in which you want to learn more about something
                             subtype:  #desire_to_know__lust_for_learning__thirst_for_knowledge  curiosity that motivates investigation and study
                             subtype:  #interest.curiosity__involvement  a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music"
                                subtype:  #enthusiasm.interest  a lively interest; "enthusiasm for his program is growing"
                                   subtype:  #Anglomania  an excessive enthusiasm for all things English
                                subtype:  #concern  something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
                                   subtype:  #worldly_concern__worldlyconcern__earthly_concern__earthlyconcern__world__earth  the concerns of the world as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife; "they consider the church to be independent of the world"
                                   subtype:  #affair__matter__thing  a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"
                                   subtype:  #personal_business__affairs__affair  matters of personal concern: "get his affairs in order"
                                   subtype:  #part.concern  so far as concerns the actor specified; "it requires vigilance on our part" or "they resisted every effort on his part"
                                   subtype:  #point_of_honor  a concern that seriously reflects on your honor
                             subtype:  #curiousness__curiousnes__inquisitivenes  a state of active curiosity
                                subtype:  #nosiness__prying__snoopiness  offensive inquisitiveness
                          subtype:  #mental_confusion__confusion__disarray  a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior
                             subtype:  #disorientation  confusion about what you are or what you are doing
                             subtype:  #distraction.mental_confusion  mental turmoil; "he drives me to distraction"
                             subtype:  #daze__fog  confusion characterized by lack of clarity
                             subtype:  #half-cock  confusion resulting from lack of preparation
                             subtype:  #jamais_vu  the experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar; associated with certain types of epilepsy
                             subtype:  #bewilderment__obfuscation__puzzlement__befuddlement__mystification__bafflement__bemusement  confusion resulting from failure to understand
                             subtype:  #perplexity  trouble or confusion resulting from complexity
                                subtype:  #mystery__enigma__secret__closed_book  something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; "how it got out is a mystery"; "it remains one of nature's secrets"
                                subtype:  #maze__tangle__snarl  something jumbled or confused; "a tangle of government regulations"
                                subtype:  #dilemma__quandary  state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
                                   subtype:  #double_bind  (psychology) an unresolvable dilemma; situation in which a person receives contradictory messages from a person who is very powerful
                          subtype:  #certainty  the state of being certain: "his certainty reassured the others"
                             subtype:  #self-assurance__assurance__confidence__self-confidence__authority__sureness  freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority"
                             subtype:  #certitude__cocksureness__overconfidence  total certainty or greater certainty that circumstances warrant
                             subtype:  #reliance.certainty__trust  certainty based on past experience; "he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists"; "he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun"
                          subtype:  #uncertainty__incertitude__dubiety__doubtfulness__dubiousness__dubiousnes  the state of being unsure of something
                             subtype:  #mental_reservation__reservation__arriere_pensee__arrierepensee  an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly
                             subtype:  #mistrust__misgiving__distrust__suspicion  doubt about someone's honesty
                             subtype:  #incredulity__disbelief__skepticism__mental_rejection  doubt about the truth of something
                             subtype:  #irresolution__indecision__indecisiveness  doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; "his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost"
                                subtype:  #vacillation__hesitation__wavering  indecision in speech or action
                             subtype:  #suspense  an uncertain cognitive state; "the matter remained in suspense for several years"
                          subtype:  #preoccupation.cognitive_state__preoccupancy__absorption__engrossment  the mental state of being preoccupied by something
                             subtype:  #abstractedness__abstraction  preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else
                                subtype:  #reverie__revery  an abstracted state of absorption
                                   subtype:  #dream.reverie  a state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality; "he went about his work as if in a dream"
                                   subtype:  #brown_study  a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
                             subtype:  #absentmindedness  preoccupation so great that the ordinary demands on attention are ignored
                          subtype:  #inwardness.cognitive_state__inwardnes  preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values: "the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness"; "Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness"
                          subtype:  #outwardness.cognitive_state__outwardnes  concern with outward things or material objects (especially the body and its appearance) as opposed to the mind and spirit: "hearty showmanship and all-around outwardness"
                       subtype:  #cleavage.state  the state of being split or cleft
                       subtype:  #medium.state  a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"
                       subtype:  #condition  a mode of being or form of existence of a person or things: "the human condition"
                          subtype:  #fate__fortune__destiny__luck__lot__circumstance__portion  your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you): "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate"; "has a happy lot"; "the luck of the Irish"; "a victim of circumstances"; "success that was her portion"
                             subtype:  #good_fortune__good_luck  a auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes
                                subtype:  #successfulness__prosperity  the condition of prospering; having good fortune
                                   subtype:  #wellbeing__well-being__welfare__upbeat__eudaemonia__eudaimonia  a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; "the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles"
                                      subtype:  #fool's_paradise  an illusory state of wellbeing
                                      subtype:  #health  a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; "physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients"
                                   subtype:  #strength.successfulness  the condition of financial success; "the strength of the company's stock in recent weeks"
                                   subtype:  #success.successfulness__succes  a state of prosperity or fame; "he is enjoying great success"; "he does not consider wealth synonymous with success"
                                      subtype:  #big_time__bigtime  the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment)
                                      subtype:  #pay_dirt__paydirt  a profitable success; "the inventor worked for years before hitting pay dirt"
                                subtype:  #boon__blessing  a desirable state; "enjoy the blessings of peace"; "a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors"
                                   subtype:  #mercy.boon  something for which to be thankful; "it was a mercy we got out alive"
                             subtype:  #providence.fate  a manifestation of God's foresightful care for His creatures
                             subtype:  #tough_luck__toughluck__misfortune__bad_luck__badluck__illluck  an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes
                                subtype:  #weakness.tough_luck__weaknes  the condition of being financially weak; "the weakness of the dollar against the yen"
                                subtype:  #adversity.tough_luck__hardship  a state of misfortune or affliction: "debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity"; "a life of hardship"
                                   subtype:  #ill-being__illbeing  lack of prosperity or happiness or health
                                      subtype:  #wretchedness__misery  a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; "the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable"
                                         subtype:  #living_death  a state of constant misery
                                         subtype:  #woe__suffering  misery resulting from affliction
                                   subtype:  #catastrophe__disaster  a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune; "lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system"; "his policies were a disaster"
                                   subtype:  #extremity.adversity  an extreme condition or state (especially of adversity or disease)
                                      subtype:  #bitter_end  the final extremity (however unpleasant it may be); "he was determined to fight to the bitter end"
                                   subtype:  #distress  a state of adversity (danger or affliction or need); "a ship in distress"; "she was the classic maiden in distress"
                                      subtype:  #anguish  extreme distress of body or mind
                                      subtype:  #throe.distress  hard or painful trouble or struggle: "a country in the throes of economic collapse"
                                   subtype:  #affliction.adversity  a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity
                                      subtype:  #cross.affliction__cros__crownofthorn  any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns"
                                   subtype:  #nadir.adversity__low-water_mark__lowwatermark  an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything
                             subtype:  #failure.fate  lack of success
                                subtype:  #bankruptcy.failure  a state of complete lack of some abstract property; "spiritual bankruptcy"; "moral bankruptcy"; "intellectual bankruptcy"
                                subtype:  #bank_failure  the inability of a bank to meet its credit obligations
                                subtype:  #crop_failure  the failure of crops to produce a marketable surplus
                          subtype:  #amphidiploidy  the condition of being amphidiploid
                          subtype:  #diploidy  the condition of being diploid
                          subtype:  #haploidy  the condition of being haploid
                          subtype:  #heteroploidy  the condition of being heteroploid
                          subtype:  #polyploidy  the condition of being polyploid
                          subtype:  #mosaicism  the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
                          subtype:  #orphanage  the condition of being a child without living parents; "his early orphanage shaped his character as an adult"
                          subtype:  #transsexualism  condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex
                       subtype:  #condition.state__status  a condition or state at a particular time: "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"
                          subtype:  #health.state  the general condition of body and mind; "his delicate health"; "in poor health"
                          subtype:  #mode  a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
                          subtype:  #ecological_niche__niche  (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)
                          subtype:  #noise_conditions  the condition of being noisy (as in a communication channel)
                          subtype:  #prepossession  the condition of being prepossessed; "the king's prepossession in my favor is very valuable"
                          subtype:  #saturation.state  a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
                          subtype:  #silence.state  the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); "there was a shocked silence": "he gestured for silence"
                          subtype:  #situation__position  a condition or position in which you find yourself: "the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils"; "found herself in a very fortunate situation"
                             subtype:  #shoes__shoe__place  a particular situation: "If you were in my place what would you do?"
                             subtype:  #soup.situation  (informal) an unfortunate situation; "we're in the soup now"
                             subtype:  #stymie.situation  a situation in golf where an opponent's ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
                          subtype:  #ski_conditions  the amount and state of snow for skiing
                          subtype:  #stigmatism  (optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point
                          subtype:  #astigmatism  (optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point
                          subtype:  #social_stratification__stratification  the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
                          subtype:  #way.state  the condition of things generally; "that's the way it is" or "I felt the same way"
                          subtype:  #ordinary.state  the expected or commonplace condition or situation: "not out of the ordinary"
                          subtype:  #circumstance  a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
                             subtype:  #event.circumstance__case  a special set of circumstances; "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"
                             subtype:  #hinge  a circumstance upon which subsequent events depend; "his absence is the hinge of our plan"
                          subtype:  #homelessness  the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets)
                             subtype:  #vagrancy  the state of wandering from place to place; having no permanent home or means of livelihood
                          subtype:  #reinstatement.state  the condition of being reinstated; "her reinstatement to her former office followed quickly"
                          subtype:  #place.state  proper or appropriate position or location; "a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen"
                          subtype:  #celibacy  an unmarried status (as because of religious vows)
                          subtype:  #virginity  the condition or quality of being a virgin
                          subtype:  #innocence  a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense; "the trial established his innocence"
                             subtype:  #blamelessness__blamelessnes__inculpableness__guiltlessness__guiltlessnes  a state of innocence
                             subtype:  #clear  the state of being free of suspicion: "investigation showed that he was in the clear"
                          subtype:  #sinlessness__sinlessnes__innocence  the state of being free from sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil
                             subtype:  #cleanness__cleannes  without moral defects
                          subtype:  #guilt__guiltines  the state of having committed an offense
                             subtype:  #blameworthiness__blameworthines__culpableness  a state of guilt
                             subtype:  #bloodguilt  the state of being guilty of bloodshed and murder
                             subtype:  #complicity  guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense
                             subtype:  #criminalism__criminality__criminalness  the state of being a criminal
                             subtype:  #guilt_by_association  the attribution of guilt (without proof) to individuals because the people they associate with are guilty
                             subtype:  #impeachability__indictability  the state of being liable to impeachment
                          subtype:  #encapsulation  the condition of being encapsulated; "the encapsulation of tendons in membranous sheaths"
                          subtype:  #polarisation__polarization  the condition of having or giving polarity
                          subtype:  #physiological_state__physiologicalstate__physiological_condition__physiologicalcondition  the condition of the body or bodily functions
                             subtype:  #wakefulness__wakefulnes  a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
                             subtype:  #incompatibility.physiological_state  (immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
                                subtype:  #histoincompatibility  incompatibility in which one person's tissue cannot be transplanted to another person
                                subtype:  #Rh_incompatibility  incompatibility of Rh blood types; a transfusion of Rh-positive blood given to a Rh-negative person (or vice versa) can result in hemolysis and anemia
                             subtype:  #acathexia  an inability to retain bodily secretions
                             subtype:  #angiotelectasia  dilation and enlargement of arterioles
                             subtype:  #torpor__torpidity  a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility; "he fell into a deep torpor"
                                subtype:  #hibernation.torpor  the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter
                                subtype:  #sluggishness__lethargy__lassitude  a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
                                   subtype:  #hebetude  mental lethargy or dullness
                             subtype:  #agalactia__agalactosis__agalactosi  a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
                             subtype:  #anesthesia__anaesthesia  loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
                                subtype:  #cryoanesthesia__cryoanaesthesia  insensibility resulting from cold
                                subtype:  #general_anesthesia__generalanesthesia__general_anaesthesia__generalanaesthesia  a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
                                   subtype:  #inhalation_anesthesia  general anesthesia achieved by administration of an inhalation anesthetic
                                   subtype:  #twilight_sleep  a state of general anesthesia in which the person retains a slight degree of consciousness; can be induced by injection of scopolamine or morphine
                                subtype:  #local_anesthesia__localanesthesia__local_anaesthesia__localanaesthesia  loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
                                subtype:  #conduction_anesthesia__conduction_anaesthesia__nerve_block_anesthesia__nerveblockanesthesia__nerve_block_anaesthesia__nerveblockanaesthesia__block_anesthesia__blockanesthesia__block_anaesthesia__blockanaesthesia  anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve; produced by an anesthetic agent applied to the nerve
                                subtype:  #regional_anesthesia__regional_anaesthesia  loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)
                                   subtype:  #acroanesthesia__acroanaesthesia  loss of sensation in the extremities
                                   subtype:  #caudal_anesthesia__caudal_anaesthesia__caudal_block  regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal end of the spinal canal; now largely replaced by epidural anesthesia
                                   subtype:  #epidural_anesthesia__epidural_anaesthesia__epidural  regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery
                                   subtype:  #paracervical_block  regional anesthesia resulting from the injection of a local anesthetic on each side of the cervix; used during labor and childbirth
                                   subtype:  #pudendal_block  regional anesthesia resulting from the use of a local anesthetic to deaden the pudendal nerves in the region of the vulva and labia majora; used to ease discomfort during childbirth
                                   subtype:  #spinal_anesthesia__spinal_anaesthesia__spinal  anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
                                      subtype:  #saddle_block_anesthesia__saddle_block_anaesthesia  the parts of a patient's body that would touch a saddle if the patient were sitting in one are anesthetized by injecting a local anesthetic into the spinal cord
                                subtype:  #topical_anesthesia__topicalanesthesia__topical_anaesthesia__topicalanaesthesia  loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces (as when benzocaine or lidocaine is applied to the surface)
                             subtype:  #anhidrosis__anhydrosis  failure of the sweat glands
                             subtype:  #arousal  a state of heightened physiological activity
                                subtype:  #alertness__alertnes  a state of readiness to respond; "alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG"
                                subtype:  #emotional_arousal__emotionalarousal  the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior
                                   subtype:  #angriness__angrines  the state of being angry
                                      subtype:  #rage  a state of extreme anger; "she fell into a rage and refused to answer"
                                   subtype:  #excitement  the state of being excited; "his face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"
                                subtype:  #excitation.arousal__innervation  the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland
                                subtype:  #sexual_arousal  the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior
                                   subtype:  #eroticism__erotism  a state of anticipation of sexuality
                                   subtype:  #horniness__hornines__hotnes__hotpant  (informal) a state of sexual arousal
                                   subtype:  #hard-on__erection  an erect penis
                                subtype:  #desire.arousal  something that is desired
                                   subtype:  #rage.desire__passion  something that is desired intensely; "his rage for fame destroyed him"
                                   subtype:  #materialism__philistinism  a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters
                             subtype:  #sleep.physiological_state__slumber  a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; "he didn't get enough sleep last night"; "calm as a child in dreamless slumber"
                                subtype:  #sleeping.sleep  the state of being asleep
                                subtype:  #orthodox_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement_sleep__NREM_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement__NREM  a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time
                                subtype:  #paradoxical_sleep__paradoxicalsleep__rapid_eye_movement_sleep__REM_sleep__rapid_eye_movement__rapideyemovement__REM  a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of Rapid Eye Movements during sleep
                                subtype:  #shuteye  informal term for sleep
                             subtype:  #sleep  a torpid state resembling sleep
                             subtype:  #drive.physiological_state  a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
                                subtype:  #hungriness__hunger  a physiological need for food
                                   subtype:  #bulimia  pathologically insatiable hunger (especially when caused by brain lesions)
                                   subtype:  #emptiness.hungriness__emptines  having an empty stomach
                                   subtype:  #edacity__esurience__ravenousnes__voracity__voraciousness__voraciousnes  excessive desire to eat
                                   subtype:  #starvation__famishment  a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period
                                   subtype:  #undernourishment__malnourishment  not having enough food to develop or function formally
                                subtype:  #thirst  a physiological need to drink
                                   subtype:  #dehydration  depletion of bodily fluids
                                   subtype:  #polydipsia  excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
                                subtype:  #sex_drive__sexdrive  a physiological need for sexual activity; "testosterone is responsible for the male sex drive"
                                subtype:  #hypoxia  a very strong drive resulting from a deficiency of available oxygen in the blood and bodily tissues (short of anoxia)
                                   subtype:  #anemic_hypoxia  hypoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
                                   subtype:  #hypoxic_hypoxia__hypoxichypoxia  hypoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
                                   subtype:  #ischemic_hypoxia__stagnant_hypoxia  hypoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
                                   subtype:  #altitude_sickness  effects (as nosebleed or nausea) of oxygen deficiency in the blood and tissues at high altitudes
                                      subtype:  #mountain_sickness  nausea and shortness of breath experienced by mountain climbers above ten thousand feet
                                   subtype:  #anoxia  severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
                                      subtype:  #anemic_anoxia  anoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
                                      subtype:  #anoxic_anoxia  anoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
                                      subtype:  #ischemic_anoxia__stagnant_anoxia  anoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
                             subtype:  #elastosis__elastosi  breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)
                             subtype:  #flatulence__flatulency__gas  a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal
                             subtype:  #estrus__oestrus__oestru__heat__rut  applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity
                             subtype:  #anestrus__anestrum__anoestrus__anoestru__anoestrum  applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus
                                subtype:  #diestrus__diestrum  (of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity
                             subtype:  #hypercapnia__hypercarbia  the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
                             subtype:  #hypocapnia__acapnia  a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing
                             subtype:  #asphyxia  a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas
                             subtype:  #oxygen_debt  a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest
                             subtype:  #hyperthermia__hyperthermy  abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer)
                                subtype:  #hyperpyrexia  extremely high fever (especially in children)
                             subtype:  #normothermia  normal body temperature
                             subtype:  #hypothermia  subnormal body temperature
                             subtype:  #myasthenia  any muscular weakness
                             subtype:  #sterility__infertility  the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
                                subtype:  #impotence__impotency  an inability (usually of a male) to copulate
                                   subtype:  #erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED  impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
                                subtype:  #barrenness  the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
                                subtype:  #cacogenesis  inability to produce hybrids that are both viable and fertile
                                subtype:  #dysgenesis  infertility between hybrids
                             subtype:  #false_pregnancy__falsepregnancy__pseudocyesis  physiological state in which a woman exhibits symptoms of pregnancy but is not pregnant
                             subtype:  #pregnancy__gestation  the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus
                                subtype:  #trouble.pregnancy  an unwanted pregnancy; "he got several girls in trouble"
                                subtype:  #gravidity__gravidness  a technical term for pregnancy
                                subtype:  #gravida.pregnancy  the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in; "in her third pregnancy a woman is said to be gravida three"
                                subtype:  #parity.pregnancy__para  (obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered; "the parity of the mother must be considered"; "a bipara is a woman who has given birth to two children"
                                subtype:  #ectopic_pregnancy__ectopicpregnancy__extrauterine_pregnancy__ectopic_gestation__ectopicgestation__extrauterine_gestation__eccyesis__metacyesis  pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
                                   subtype:  #abdominal_pregnancy__abdominalpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in the abdominal cavity
                                   subtype:  #ovarian_pregnancy__ovarianpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in the ovary
                                   subtype:  #tubal_pregnancy__tubalpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in a Fallopian tube
                                subtype:  #entopic_pregnancy__entopicpregnancy  pregnancy resulting from normal gestation in the uterus
                                subtype:  #placenta_previa  pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part); can cause bleeding late in pregnancy; delivery by cesarean section may be necessary
                             subtype:  #rigor_mortis.physiological_state__rigormorti  temporary stiffness of joints and muscular rigidity occurring after death
                             subtype:  #good_health__goodhealth__healthiness__healthines  the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease
                                subtype:  #haleness__wholeness__wholenes  a state of robust good health
                                subtype:  #vitality__energy__vim  a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; "jogging works off my excess energy"; "he seemed full of vim and vigor"
                                subtype:  #rosiness__bloom__blush__flush  a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
                                subtype:  #freshness.good_health__freshnes  an alert and refreshed state
                                subtype:  #radiance  an attractive combination of good health and happiness; "the radiance of her countenance"
                                subtype:  #condition.good_health__shape  the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases "in condition" or "in shape" or "out of condition" or "out of shape")
                                   subtype:  #physical_fitness__fitness__fitnes__goodshape__goodcondition  good physical condition; being in shape or in condition
                                      subtype:  #fettle  a state of fitness and good health; "in fine fettle"
                             subtype:  #fertility__fecundity  the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
                             subtype:  #potency  the state of being potent; a male's capacity to have sexual intercourse
                             subtype:  #ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem  a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
                                subtype:  #dyscrasia  an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
                                   subtype:  #blood_dyscrasia  any abnormal condition of the blood
                                      subtype:  #blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder  a disease or disorder of the blood
                                         subtype:  #cytopenia  a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
                                            subtype:  #hematocytopenia  an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
                                            subtype:  #pancytopenia  an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
                                         subtype:  #acidemia  a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
                                         subtype:  #alkalemia  a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
                                         subtype:  #acanthocytosis  the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
                                         subtype:  #agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia  an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
                                         subtype:  #analbuminemia  an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
                                         subtype:  #Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome  a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
                                         subtype:  #parasitemia__parasitaemia  a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
                                         subtype:  #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease  congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
                                            subtype:  #hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia  hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
                                            subtype:  #hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease  a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
                                            subtype:  #von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia  a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
                                         subtype:  #afibrinogenemia  the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
                                            subtype:  #congenital_afibrinogenemia  a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
                                         subtype:  #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia  invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
                                            subtype:  #puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever  serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
                                            subtype:  #pyemia__pyaemia  septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
                                            subtype:  #toxemia__toxaemia  blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
                                            subtype:  #fowl_cholera  an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
                                            subtype:  #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia  a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
                                         subtype:  #hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy  a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
                                         subtype:  #histiocytosis  a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
                                            subtype:  #Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease  inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
                                         subtype:  #hydremia  blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
                                         subtype:  #hypothrombinemia  a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
                                         subtype:  #hypervolemia__hypervolaemia  a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #hypovolemia  a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #anemia__anaemia  a deficiency of red blood cells
                                            subtype:  #aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia  anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
                                            subtype:  #erythroblastosis_fetalis  severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
                                            subtype:  #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia  a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #favism  anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
                                            subtype:  #hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia  anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
                                            subtype:  #hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia  anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
                                            subtype:  #hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia  anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
                                               subtype:  #thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia  an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
                                                  subtype:  #Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major  a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
                                            subtype:  #hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia  anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
                                            subtype:  #iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia  a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
                                               subtype:  #chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes  iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
                                            subtype:  #ischemia__ischaemia  local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
                                               subtype:  #ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke  the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
                                               subtype:  #transient_ischemic_attack__TIA  brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
                                            subtype:  #macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
                                            subtype:  #microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
                                            subtype:  #pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia  a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
                                               subtype:  #megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia  anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
                                               subtype:  #metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia  pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
                                            subtype:  #refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia  any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
                                               subtype:  #sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia  refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia  a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
                                         subtype:  #leukocytosis__leucocytosis  an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
                                         subtype:  #leukopenia__leucopenia  an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
                                            subtype:  #neutropenia  leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
                                               subtype:  #cyclic_neutropenia  neutropenia that occurs periodically
                                         subtype:  #lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia  an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi  an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #microcytosis  a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
                                         subtype:  #polycythemia  a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
                                         subtype:  #purpura__peliosis  any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
                                            subtype:  #nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura  purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
                                            subtype:  #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
                                         subtype:  #thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia  a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
                                            subtype:  #essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia  the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
                                         subtype:  #uratemia  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
                                         subtype:  #uricaciduria  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
                                subtype:  #illness__illnes__sickness  impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
                                   subtype:  #ague  a fit of shivering
                                   subtype:  #amyloidosis__amyloidosi  a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
                                   subtype:  #anuresis__anuria  inability to urinate
                                   subtype:  #catastrophic_illness  severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
                                   subtype:  #collapse  an abrupt failure of function or health
                                      subtype:  #crack-up__crackup__breakdown  a mental or physical breakdown
                                         subtype:  #nervous_breakdown__nervousbreakdown  a severe or incapacitating emotional disorder
                                            subtype:  #nervous_exhaustion__nervousexhaustion__nervous_prostration__nervousprostration  an emotional disorder that leaves you exhausted and unable to work
                                            subtype:  #neurasthenia  nervous breakdown (not in technical use)
                                      subtype:  #shock  (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
                                         subtype:  #cardiogenic_shock__cardiogenicshock  shock caused by cardiac arrest
                                         subtype:  #hypovolemic_shock__hypovolemicshock  shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
                                         subtype:  #obstructive_shock__obstructiveshock  shock caused by obstruction of blood flow
                                         subtype:  #distributive_shock  shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow
                                         subtype:  #insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_reaction__insulinreaction  hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
                                   subtype:  #decompression_sickness__aeroembolism__air_embolism__airembolism__gas_embolism__gasembolism__caisson_disease__caissondisease__bends__bend  pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
                                   subtype:  #food_poisoning__gastrointestinal_disorder  illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
                                      subtype:  #botulism  food poisoning from ingesting botulin; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
                                      subtype:  #mushroom_poisoning  toxic condition caused by eating certain species of mushrooms (especially Amanita species)
                                      subtype:  #ptomaine_poisoning__ptomaine  a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines
                                      subtype:  #salmonellosis__salmonellosi  a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
                                   subtype:  #lead_poisoning__plumbism__saturnism  toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
                                   subtype:  #disease  an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
                                      subtype:  #aspergillosis__aspergillosi  disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs
                                      subtype:  #blackwater  any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells
                                      subtype:  #cat_scratch_disease__catscratchdisease  a disease thought to be transmitted to humans by a scratch from a cat
                                      subtype:  #complication.disease  any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; "bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis"
                                      subtype:  #endemic_disease__endemicdisease__endemic  a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
                                      subtype:  #enteropathy  a disease of the intestinal tract
                                         subtype:  #intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu  blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
                                      subtype:  #incompetence  inability of a part or organ to function properly
                                         subtype:  #hypogonadism  incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone)
                                         subtype:  #valvular_incompetence  inability of a bodily valve to close completely
                                      subtype:  #Kawasaki_disease__mucocutaneous_lymph_node_syndrome  an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause
                                      subtype:  #pycnosis__pyknosis  a degenerative state of the cell nucleus
                                      subtype:  #Marseilles_fever__Kenya_fever__Indian_tick_fever__boutonneuse_fever__boutonneusefever  a disease (common in India and around the Mediterranean area) caused by a rickettsia that is transmitted to humans by a reddish brown tick (ixodid) that lives on dogs and other mammals
                                      subtype:  #Meniere's_disease  a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
                                      subtype:  #milk_sickness  caused by consuming milk from cattle suffering from trembles
                                      subtype:  #mimesis.disease  any disease that shows symptoms characteristic of another disease
                                      subtype:  #myasthenia_gravis__myasthenia  a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
                                      subtype:  #occupational_disease__industrial_disease  disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts)
                                      subtype:  #onychosis__onychosi  any disease or disorder of the nails
                                         subtype:  #onycholysis__onycholysi  separation of a nail from its normal attachment to the nail bed
                                      subtype:  #rheumatism  any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
                                      subtype:  #periarteritis_nodosa__periarteritisnodosa__polyarteritis_nodosa__polyarteritisnodosa  a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area
                                      subtype:  #periodontal_disease__periodontaldisease__periodontitis__periodontiti  a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth
                                         subtype:  #pyorrhea_alveolaris__pyorrhea__pyorrhoea__Riggs'_disease  chronic periodontitis; purulent inflammation of the teeth sockets
                                            subtype:  #pericementoclasia  pus pocket formation around a tooth
                                         subtype:  #alveolar_resorption  wasting of the bony socket
                                         subtype:  #gingivitis  inflammation of the gums
                                         subtype:  #ulatrophia  recession of the gums
                                      subtype:  #liver_disease__liverdisease  a disease affecting the liver
                                         subtype:  #cirrhosis_of_the_liver__cirrhosis__cirrhosi  a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
                                         subtype:  #fatty_liver__fattyliver  yellow discoloration as a result of the accumulation of certain fats (triglycerides) in the liver; can be caused by alcoholic cirrhosis or pregnancy or exposure to certain toxins
                                         subtype:  #hepatitis__hepatiti  inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
                                            subtype:  #viral_hepatitis__viralhepatiti  hepatitis caused by a virus
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_A__infectious_hepatitis  an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_B__serum_hepatitis  an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_C  a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
                                            subtype:  #hepatitis_delta__hepatitisdelta__delta_hepatitis__deltahepatiti  a severe form of hepatitis
                                         subtype:  #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver  malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
                                      subtype:  #communicable_disease  a disease that can be communicated from one person to another
                                         subtype:  #contagious_disease__contagion  any disease easily transmitted by contact
                                            subtype:  #influenza__flu__grippe  an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
                                               subtype:  #Asiatic_flu  influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
                                            subtype:  #measles__rubeola  an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
                                               subtype:  #German_measles__rubella__threedaymeasle__epidemic_roseola  a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
                                            subtype:  #diphtheria  acute contagious bacterial infection marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing
                                            subtype:  #scarlet_fever__scarletfever__scarlatina  an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
                                            subtype:  #pox  a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks
                                               subtype:  #smallpox__variola  a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
                                               subtype:  #chickenpox__varicella  an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
                                            subtype:  #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth  an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #venereal_disease__VD__social_disease__Cupid's_itch__Cupid's_disease__Venus's_curse__sexually_transmitted_disease  a communicable disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
                                               subtype:  #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis  an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
                                               subtype:  #gonorrhea__gonorrhoea__clap  a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
                                               subtype:  #granuloma_inguinale__granulomainguinale__granuloma_venereum__granulomavenereum  a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
                                               subtype:  #syphilis__syph__pox  a common venereal disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
                                                  subtype:  #primary_syphilis  the first stage; characterized by a chancre at the site of infection
                                                  subtype:  #secondary_syphilis  the second stage; characterized by eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
                                                  subtype:  #tertiary_syphilis  the third stage; characterized by involvement of internal organs especially the brain and spinal cord as well as the heart and liver
                                                  subtype:  #neurosyphilis__neurosyphili  syphilis of the central nervous system
                                                     subtype:  #tabes_dorsalis__locomotor_ataxia__locomotorataxia  syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
                                         subtype:  #infectious_disease  a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
                                            subtype:  #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
                                            subtype:  #undulant_fever__brucellosis__Malta_fever__Gibraltar_fever__Rock_fever__Mediterranean_fever  infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
                                            subtype:  #epidemic_cholera__cholera__Asiatic_cholera__Indian_cholera  an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
                                            subtype:  #dengue_fever__dengue__dandy_fever__dandyfever__breakbone_fever  an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
                                            subtype:  #dysentery  an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
                                               subtype:  #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery  inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
                                               subtype:  #shigellosis__bacillary_dysentery__bacillarydysentery  an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
                                            subtype:  #epidemic_disease  any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
                                               subtype:  #plague.epidemic_disease__pestilence  any epidemic disease with a high death rate
                                               subtype:  #plague  a serious (sometimes fatal) infection transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea (especially bubonic plague)
                                                  subtype:  #bubonic_plague__bubonicplague  plague characterized by delirium and the formation of buboes
                                                     subtype:  #Black_Death__black_plague__blackplague  the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
                                                  subtype:  #pneumonic_plague__pneumonicplague  characterized by lung involvement
                                                  subtype:  #septicemic_plague  an especially dangerous form in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream
                                               subtype:  #epidemic_pleurodynia__epidemic_myalgia__myosis__diaphragmatic_pleurisy__diaphragmaticpleurisy__Bornholm_disease  an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)
                                            subtype:  #hepatitis__hepatiti  inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
                                            subtype:  #herpes  viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
                                               subtype:  #herpes_simplex  an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
                                                  subtype:  #oral_herpes__herpes_labialis__cold_sore__fever_blister__feverblister  caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
                                                  subtype:  #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis  an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
                                               subtype:  #herpes_zoster__zoster__shingles  eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
                                            subtype:  #infectious_mononucleosis__mononucleosis__mononucleosi__mono__glandular_fever__glandularfever__kissing_disease__kissingdisease  an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
                                            subtype:  #Lassa_fever  a serious contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing
                                            subtype:  #leprosy__hansen'sdisease  chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
                                               subtype:  #tuberculoid_leprosy  leprosy characterized by tumors in the skin and cutaneous nerves
                                               subtype:  #lepromatous_leprosy  a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
                                            subtype:  #listeriosis__listeriosi  an infectious disease common to many animals and occasionally transmitted to humans (especially to newborn or immunosuppressed persons)
                                            subtype:  #lymphogranuloma_venereum__lymphogranulomavenereum__LGV__lymphopathia_venereum  infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
                                            subtype:  #meningitis  infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
                                               subtype:  #cerebrospinal_meningitis__epidemic_meningitis__brain_fever__brainfever__cerebrospinal_fever__cerebrospinalfever  meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
                                               subtype:  #leptomeningitis  inflammation of the leptomeninges
                                            subtype:  #mumps__mump__epidemic_parotitis  an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
                                            subtype:  #paratyphoid_fever__paratyphoidfever__paratyphoid  any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
                                            subtype:  #acute_anterior_poliomyelitis__poliomyelitis__poliomyeliti__polio__infantileparalysi  an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
                                            subtype:  #ratbite_fever__ratbitefever  either of two infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of a rat or mouse; characterized by fever and headache and nausea and skin eruptions
                                               subtype:  #Haverhill_fever  the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
                                               subtype:  #sodoku__spirillum_fever  the form of ratbite fever occurring in the Far East
                                            subtype:  #rickettsial_disease__rickettsialdisease__rickettsiosis__rickettsiosi  infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
                                               subtype:  #typhus_fever__typhus  rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
                                                  subtype:  #murine_typhus__rat_typhus__urban_typhus__endemic_typhus  acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
                                               subtype:  #spotted_fever__spottedfever  any of several severe febrile diseases characterized by skin rashes or spots on the skin
                                                  subtype:  #Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever__mountain_fever__tick_fever  caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
                                               subtype:  #Q_fever  an acute disease resembling influenza
                                               subtype:  #ricketsialpox  mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox
                                               subtype:  #trench_fever  marked by pain in muscles and joints and transmitted by lice
                                               subtype:  #tsutsugamushi_disease__tsutsugamushidisease__scrub_typhus  transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
                                            subtype:  #relapsing_fever__recurrent_fever  marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
                                            subtype:  #rheumatic_fever  a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
                                            subtype:  #miliary_fever__miliaryfever__sweating_sickness  epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
                                            subtype:  #tuberculosis__TB__T.B.  infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
                                               subtype:  #Pott's_disease  TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
                                               subtype:  #miliary_tuberculosis  acute tuberculosis characterized by the appearance of tiny tubercles on one or more organs of the body (presumably resulting from tubercle bacilli being spread in the bloodstream)
                                               subtype:  #pulmonary_tuberculosis__consumption__phthisi__wasting_disease__wastingdisease__white_plague__whiteplague  involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
                                               subtype:  #scrofula__struma__king's_evil  a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
                                               subtype:  #lupus_vulgaris  tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
                                            subtype:  #typhoid_fever__typhoidfever__typhoid__enteric_fever__entericfever  serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
                                            subtype:  #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi  a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #yaws__frambesia__framboesia  an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
                                            subtype:  #yellow_fever__yellow_jack__black_vomit__blackvomit  caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito
                                         subtype:  #common_cold__cold  a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
                                            subtype:  #head_cold  a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
                                      subtype:  #exanthema_subitum__exanthemasubitum__roseola_infantum__roseolainfantum__roseola_infantilis__pseudorubella  a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_disease__respiratorydisease__respiratory_disorder__respiratorydisorder  a disease affecting the respiratory system
                                         subtype:  #influenza__flu__grippe  an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
                                         subtype:  #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi  a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #common_cold__cold  a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
                                         subtype:  #bronchial_asthma__bronchialasthma__asthma__asthma_attack  respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
                                            subtype:  #status_asthmaticus  a prolonged and severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatment
                                         subtype:  #bronchitis  inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
                                            subtype:  #bronchiolitis__bronchioliti  inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
                                            subtype:  #chronic_bronchitis  a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow
                                               subtype:  #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease  a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
                                         subtype:  #pulmonary_emphysema__pulmonaryemphysema__emphysema  an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
                                            subtype:  #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease  a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
                                         subtype:  #pneumonia  respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
                                            subtype:  #bronchopneumonia__bronchial_pneumonia  pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
                                               subtype:  #aspiration_pneumonia  bronchopneumonia resulting from foreign material (usually vomit or food particles) entering the bronchi
                                            subtype:  #lobar_pneumonia  pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
                                               subtype:  #double_pneumonia  lobar pneumonia involving both lungs
                                               subtype:  #Legionnaire's_disease  acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
                                            subtype:  #pneumococcal_pneumonia  pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
                                            subtype:  #pneumocytosis__pneumocytosi__pneumocystis_pneumonia__pneumocystis_carinii_pneumonia__interstitial_plasma_cell_pneumonia  pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
                                            subtype:  #pleuropneumonia  pleurisy and pneumonia
                                            subtype:  #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia  pneumonia caused by a virus
                                         subtype:  #primary_atypical_pneumonia__atypical_pneumonia__mycoplasmal_pneumonia__mycoplasmalpneumonia  an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
                                            subtype:  #parrot_fever__psittacosis__psittacosi__ornithosis  an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
                                         subtype:  #interstitial_pneumonia  chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
                                         subtype:  #pneumoconiosis__pneumonoconiosis  chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
                                            subtype:  #anthracosis__anthracosi__black_lung__blacklung__blacklungdisease__coal_miner's_lung  lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
                                            subtype:  #asbestosis  lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
                                            subtype:  #siderosis__siderosi  fibrosis of the lung caused by iron dust; occurs among welders and other metal workers
                                            subtype:  #silicosis__silicosi  a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
                                         subtype:  #respiratory_distress_syndrome_of_the_newborn__respiratory_distress_syndrome__hyaline_membrane_disease  an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
                                      subtype:  #genetic_disease__geneticdisease__genetic_disorder__geneticdisorder__genetic_abnormality__geneticabnormality__genetic_defect__geneticdefect__congenital_disease__inherited_disease__inheriteddisease__inherited_disorder__inheriteddisorder__hereditary_disease__hereditary_condition  a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
                                         subtype:  #achondroplasia__achondroplasty__osteosclerosis_congenita__chondrodystrophy  an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
                                         subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                                         subtype:  #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis  a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
                                         subtype:  #inborn_error_of_metabolism  any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
                                            subtype:  #galactosemia  a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
                                            subtype:  #lysinemia  an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
                                            subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                            subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                            subtype:  #phenylketonuria__PKU  a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
                                         subtype:  #Hirschsprung's_disease__congenital_megacolon  congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
                                         subtype:  #mucopolysaccharidosis__mucopolysaccharidosi  any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues
                                            subtype:  #Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy  hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
                                         subtype:  #hyperbetalipoproteinemia  a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
                                         subtype:  #ichthyosis  any of several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike (dry and scaly)
                                         subtype:  #maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria  an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
                                         subtype:  #McArdle's_disease  an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
                                         subtype:  #muscular_dystrophy__dystrophy  any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
                                            subtype:  #Duchenne's_muscular_dystrophy__pseudohypertrophic_dystrophy  the most common form of muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive (affecting only males)
                                            subtype:  #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy  an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
                                            subtype:  #myotonic_muscular_dystrophy__myotonia_atrophica__Steinert's_disease  a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by facial weakness and drooping eyelids and difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips
                                         subtype:  #oligodactyly  congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing
                                         subtype:  #oligodontia  congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing
                                         subtype:  #otosclerosis  hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
                                         subtype:  #autosomal_dominant_disease__autosomal_dominant_disorder  a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
                                            subtype:  #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease  hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
                                            subtype:  #malignant_hyperthermia__malignanthyperthermia  hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e.g., halothane) cause high body temperatures and muscle rigidity
                                            subtype:  #Marfan's_syndrome  an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
                                            subtype:  #neurofibromatosis__neurofibromatosi__von_Recklinghausen's_disease  autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
                                            subtype:  #osteogenesis_imperfecta  autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily
                                         subtype:  #autosomal_recessive_disease__autosomalrecessivedisease__autosomal_recessive_defect__autosomalrecessivedefect  a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome
                                            subtype:  #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy  an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
                                            subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                            subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                            subtype:  #thrombasthenia  a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results
                                            subtype:  #tyrosinemia  autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation
                                            subtype:  #Werdnig-Hoffman_disease  autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
                                         subtype:  #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia  a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
                                         subtype:  #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia  a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
                                         subtype:  #Spielmeyer-Vogt_disease__juvenile_amaurotic_idiocy  a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
                                         subtype:  #congenital_afibrinogenemia  a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
                                         subtype:  #osteopetrosis__Albers-Schonberg_disease__marble_bones_disease  an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
                                         subtype:  #nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma  thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
                                         subtype:  #dwarfism__nanism  a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
                                            subtype:  #pycnodysostosis__pycnodysostosi  a form of dwarfism accompanied by fragile bones and bad teeth
                                         subtype:  #lactose_intolerance__lactoseintolerance__lactase_deficiency__lactasedeficiency__milk_intolerance  congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
                                         subtype:  #porphyria  a genetic abnormality of metabolism causing abdominal pains and mental confusion
                                         subtype:  #hepatolenticular_degeneration__Wilson's_disease  a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism; copper accumulates in the liver and then in the red blood cells and brain
                                      subtype:  #inflammatory_disease  a disease characterized by inflammation
                                         subtype:  #necrotizing_enterocolitis__necrotizingenterocoliti__nec  an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
                                         subtype:  #gastroenteritis__stomach_flu__intestinal_flu  inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
                                            subtype:  #cholera_infantum__cholerainfantum  often fatal form of gastroenteritis occurring in children; not true cholera but having similar symptoms
                                         subtype:  #pelvic_inflammatory_disease__PID  inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
                                         subtype:  #empyema  a collection of pus in a body cavity (especially in the lung cavity)
                                            subtype:  #purulent_pleurisy  a collection of pus in the lung cavity
                                         subtype:  #pleurisy  inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
                                            subtype:  #purulent_pleurisy  a collection of pus in the lung cavity
                                            subtype:  #pleuropneumonia  pleurisy and pneumonia
                                         subtype:  #sore_throat__pharyngitis__raw_throat__rawthroat  inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
                                            subtype:  #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection  an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
                                         subtype:  #angina  any disease of the throat or fauces marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
                                            subtype:  #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth  an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #quinsy__peritonsillar_abscess__peritonsillarabsces  a painful pus-filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
                                            subtype:  #croup__spasmodic_laryngitis  a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
                                         subtype:  #arthritis__arthriti  inflammation of a joint or joints
                                            subtype:  #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism  a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
                                               subtype:  #psoriatic_arthritis  a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
                                               subtype:  #Still's_disease__juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis  a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
                                            subtype:  #osteoarthritis__degenerative_arthritis__degenerative_joint_disease  chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
                                            subtype:  #gout__gouty_arthritis__goutyarthriti__urarthritis__urarthriti  a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
                                            subtype:  #spondylarthritis  arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
                                         subtype:  #acne  an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
                                            subtype:  #acne_rosacea__rosacea  a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
                                            subtype:  #acne_vulgaris  the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
                                         subtype:  #aspiration_penumonia  inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest)
                                         subtype:  #urinary_tract_infection__urinarytractinfection  any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract
                                            subtype:  #cystitis  inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
                                            subtype:  #pyelonephritis  inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis caused by bacterial infection
                                               subtype:  #acute_pyelonephritis  pyelonephritis resulting from the spread of a bladder infection
                                               subtype:  #chronic_pyelonephritis  pyelonephritis that develops slowly and can lead to renal failure if untreated; often associated with a kidney stone or with narrowing of the urinary passageways
                                            subtype:  #urethritis  inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination
                                               subtype:  #nongonococcal_urethritis__NGU  sexually transmitted urethritis (usually caused by chlamydia)
                                               subtype:  #nonspecific_urethritis__NSU  inflammation of the urethra of unknown cause
                                      subtype:  #autoimmune_disease__autoimmune_disorder  any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
                                         subtype:  #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes  severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
                                         subtype:  #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism  a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
                                         subtype:  #ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis  a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
                                         subtype:  #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE  a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
                                         subtype:  #Hashimoto's_disease  autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
                                         subtype:  #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE  a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
                                         subtype:  #scleroderma__dermatosclerosis  an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
                                            subtype:  #morphea  localized scleroderma
                                         subtype:  #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
                                      subtype:  #deficiency_disease  any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
                                         subtype:  #malnutrition  a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods
                                            subtype:  #avitaminosis__hypovitaminosis__hypovitaminosi  any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
                                               subtype:  #beriberi  avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
                                                  subtype:  #kakke_disease  the endemic form of beriberi
                                               subtype:  #pellagra__Alpine_scurvy__mal_de_la_rosa__mal_rosso__malrosso__maidism__Saint_Ignatius'_itch  a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
                                               subtype:  #rickets__rachitis  childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
                                               subtype:  #scurvy  a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
                                               subtype:  #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness  inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
                                            subtype:  #kwashiorkor  severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein
                                            subtype:  #marasmus  extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
                                         subtype:  #zinc_deficiency  a deficiency caused by inadequate zinc in the diet or by liver disease or cystic fibrosis or other diseases
                                      subtype:  #fibrocystic_breast_disease__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_breast__cystic_breast_disease__cystic_mastitis  the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
                                      subtype:  #goiter__goitre__struma__thyromegaly  abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
                                      subtype:  #sandfly_fever__sandflyfever__pappataci_fever__phlebotomus  a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
                                      subtype:  #skin_disease__disease_of_the_skin__skin_disorder__skin_problem__skin_condition  a disease affecting the skin
                                         subtype:  #acantholysis  a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
                                         subtype:  #acanthosis  an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
                                         subtype:  #acanthosis_nigricans__keratosis_nigricans__keratosisnigrican  a skin disease characterized by dark wart-like patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
                                         subtype:  #acne  an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
                                         subtype:  #dermatosis  disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)
                                            subtype:  #pityriasis  any of several skin disorders characterized by shedding dry flakes of skin
                                               subtype:  #dandruff.pityriasis  a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp
                                               subtype:  #pityriasis_alba  common form of pityriasis (usually in children or young adults) characterized by round patches of depigmentation
                                               subtype:  #pityriasis_rosea  pityriasis in which an itchy rash develops over the trunk and extremities
                                         subtype:  #eczema  generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
                                            subtype:  #dermatitis  inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
                                               subtype:  #actinic_dermatitis  dermatitis caused exposure to sunlight
                                               subtype:  #atopic_dermatitis__atopic_eczema  dermatitis characterized by atopy
                                               subtype:  #contact_dermatitis  a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy)
                                                  subtype:  #bubble_gum_dermatitis  an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
                                                  subtype:  #Rhus_dermatitis  contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
                                                     subtype:  #poison_ivy  dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant
                                                     subtype:  #poison_oak  dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison oak plant
                                                     subtype:  #poison_sumac  dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison sumac plant
                                               subtype:  #cradle_cap  a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants
                                               subtype:  #diaper_rash__diaper_dermatitis  dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
                                               subtype:  #hypericism  a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort
                                               subtype:  #neurodermatitis__neurodermatiti  dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown
                                               subtype:  #schistosome_dermatitis__swimmer's_itch__swimmer'sitch  a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes (human or animal)
                                               subtype:  #seborrheic_dermatitis__seborrheic_eczema  a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
                                            subtype:  #allergic_eczema  eczema caused by an allergic reaction
                                               subtype:  #baker's_eczema__baker'seczema  allergic eczema caused by flour or other ingredients handled by bakers
                                            subtype:  #eczema_herpeticum  eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children
                                            subtype:  #lichtenoid_eczema__chronic_eczema__chroniceczema__eczema_hypertrophicum  eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
                                         subtype:  #erythroderma  any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
                                            subtype:  #erythema  abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
                                               subtype:  #erythema_multiforme  a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen
                                               subtype:  #erythema_nodosum  skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legs
                                                  subtype:  #erythema_nodosum_leprosum__ENL  an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
                                               subtype:  #hickey__love_bite  a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
                                               subtype:  #erythema_solare__sunburn  redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
                                               subtype:  #windburn  redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
                                            subtype:  #flare.erythroderma  reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
                                         subtype:  #furunculosis  acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
                                         subtype:  #impetigo  a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
                                         subtype:  #jungle_rot  skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
                                         subtype:  #keratoderma  any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
                                         subtype:  #keratonosis  any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
                                         subtype:  #keratosis__keratosi  a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
                                            subtype:  #actinic_keratosis__actinickeratosi  an overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_blennorrhagica__keratosisblennorrhagica__keratoderma_blennorrhagica__keratodermablennorrhagica  skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_follicularis__Darier's_disease  a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_pilaris__keratosispilari  keratosis characterized by hard conical elevations in the openings of sebaceous glands (especially of arms and thighs)
                                            subtype:  #seborrheic_keratosis  a skin condition characterized by circumscribed wartlike lesions that can be itchy and covered with a greasy crust
                                         subtype:  #leukoderma  a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
                                         subtype:  #lichen.skin_disease  any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
                                            subtype:  #lichen_planus__lichen_ruber_planus  an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
                                         subtype:  #livedo  skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
                                         subtype:  #lupus__lupu  any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
                                            subtype:  #lupus_vulgaris  tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
                                            subtype:  #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE  a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
                                            subtype:  #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE  a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
                                            subtype:  #systemic_lupus_erythematosus__SLE__disseminated_lupus_erythematosus  an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
                                         subtype:  #melanosis__melanosi__melanism  a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
                                         subtype:  #molluscum  any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
                                            subtype:  #molluscum_contagiosum__molluscumcontagiosum  a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)
                                         subtype:  #necrobiosis_lipoidica_diabeticorum__necrobiosislipoidicadiabeticorum__necrobiosis_lipoidica__necrobiosislipoidica  skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
                                         subtype:  #pemphigus__pemphigu  a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #prurigo  chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
                                         subtype:  #psoriasis__psoriasi  a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
                                         subtype:  #rhagades  cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
                                         subtype:  #Saint_Anthony's_fire  any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
                                            subtype:  #erysipelas  an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #seborrhea  a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
                                         subtype:  #vitiligo  an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
                                         subtype:  #xanthoma  a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
                                            subtype:  #xanthelasma  xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
                                            subtype:  #xanthoma_disseminatum  rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
                                            subtype:  #xanthomatosis__xanthomatosi__xanthoma_multiplex__cholesterosis_cutis__cholesterosiscuti__lipid_granulomatosis__lipoid_granulomatosis  widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
                                         subtype:  #xanthosis__xanthosi  an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin
                                      subtype:  #malignancy__malignance  (medical) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
                                         subtype:  #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor  a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
                                            subtype:  #carcinosarcoma  a malignant neoplasm composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed
                                            subtype:  #cancer__malignant_neoplastic_disease  any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
                                               subtype:  #lymphoma  a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #Hodgkin's_disease  a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
                                               subtype:  #carcinoma  any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver  malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
                                                  subtype:  #adenocarcinoma__glandular_cancer__glandularcancer__glandular_carcinoma__glandularcarcinoma  malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
                                                     subtype:  #prostate_cancer__prostatic_adenocarcinoma__prostaticadenocarcinoma  cancer of the prostate gland
                                                  subtype:  #breast_cancer  cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US
                                                  subtype:  #carcinoma_in_situ__preinvasive_cancer__preinvasivecancer  a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
                                                  subtype:  #colon_cancer__coloncancer  a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools
                                                  subtype:  #embryonal_carcinoma  malignant neoplasm of the testis
                                                  subtype:  #endometrial_carcinoma__endometrialcarcinoma__endometrial_cancer__endometrialcancer  cancer of the uterine lining
                                                  subtype:  #malignant_hepatoma__malignanthepatoma__hepatoma__hepatocarcinoma__hepatocellular_carcinoma  carcinoma of the liver
                                                  subtype:  #lung_cancer  carcinoma of the lungs; one of the commonest forms of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #mesothelioma  a rare form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
                                                  subtype:  #oat_cell_carcinoma__small_cell_carcinoma  highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
                                                  subtype:  #oral_cancer  malignant neoplasm of the lips of mouth; most common in men over the age of 60
                                                  subtype:  #pancreatic_cancer  cancer of the pancreas
                                                  subtype:  #seminoma__testicular_cancer  malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
                                                  subtype:  #skin_cancer  a malignant neoplasm of the skin
                                                     subtype:  #cancroid__squamous_cell_carcinoma  the most common form of skin cancer
                                                     subtype:  #epithelioma  a malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue
                                                     subtype:  #malignant_melanoma__malignantmelanoma__melanoma  any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
                                                  subtype:  #trophoblastic_cancer__trophoblasticcancer  malignant neoplasm of the uterus derived from the epithelium of the chorion
                                               subtype:  #leukemia__leukaemia__cancer_of_the_blood  malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #acute_leukemia__acuteleukemia  rapidly progressing leukemia
                                                     subtype:  #acute_lymphocytic_leukemia__acutelymphocyticleukemia__acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia__acutelymphoblasticleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
                                                     subtype:  #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
                                                  subtype:  #chronic_leukemia__chronicleukemia  slowly progressing leukemia
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia__chroniclymphocyticleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
                                                  subtype:  #lymphocytic_leukemia__lymphocyticleukemia  leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
                                                     subtype:  #lymphoblastic_leukemia__lymphoblasticleukemia  a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
                                                  subtype:  #monocytic_leukemia__monocyticleukemia__monocytic_lukaemia__monocyticlukaemia__monoblastic_leukemia__monoblasticleukemia__monoblstic_leukaemia__histiocytic_leukemia__histiocyticleukemia__histiocytic_leukaemia__histiocyticleukaemia  leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
                                                  subtype:  #myeloblastic_leukemia  a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by numerous myeloblasts in the blood stream
                                                  subtype:  #myelocytic_leukemia__granulocytic_leukemia  a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
                                                     subtype:  #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
                                               subtype:  #sarcoma  a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #chondrosarcoma  a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
                                                  subtype:  #Ewing's_sarcoma__Ewing's_tumor__Ewing's_tumour__endothelial_myeloma__endothelialmyeloma  malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
                                                  subtype:  #Kaposi's_sarcoma  a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS; "until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men"
                                                  subtype:  #leiomyosarcoma  sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate
                                                  subtype:  #liposarcoma  sarcoma of fat cells
                                                  subtype:  #myosarcoma  sarcoma of muscle tissue
                                                  subtype:  #neurosarcoma__malignant_neuroma__malignantneuroma  a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
                                                  subtype:  #osteosarcoma__osteogenic_sarcoma  malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
                                                  subtype:  #rhabdomyosarcoma__rhabdosrcoma  a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
                                                     subtype:  #embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma__embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma__embryonal_rhabdosarcoma__embryonalrhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
                                                     subtype:  #alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma__alveolar_rhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma occuring mainly in adolescents and young adults
                                                     subtype:  #pleomorphic_rhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphic_rhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
                                                  subtype:  #Wilms'_tumor__Wilms_tumour__adenomyosarcoma__nephroblastoma__embryoma_of_the_kidney  malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
                                            subtype:  #retinoblastoma  malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
                                      subtype:  #eye_disease__eyedisease  any disease of the eye
                                         subtype:  #glaucoma  increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
                                            subtype:  #acute_glaucoma__acuteglaucoma__angle-closure_glaucoma__angleclosureglaucoma  glaucoma in which the iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor
                                            subtype:  #chronic_glaucoma__chronicglaucoma__open-angle_glaucoma  glaucoma caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; produces gradual loss of peripheral vision
                                         subtype:  #keratonosus__keratonosu  any disease of the cornea
                                         subtype:  #trachoma  a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue
                                         subtype:  #leukoma  eye disease consisting of an opaque white spot on the cornea
                                         subtype:  #cataract  clouding of the natural lens of the eye
                                      subtype:  #animal_disease  a disease that typically does not affect human beings
                                         subtype:  #warble  a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly
                                         subtype:  #anaplasmosis  a disease of cattle that is transmitted by cattle ticks; similar to Texas fever
                                         subtype:  #brooder_pneumonia__brooderpneumonia__aspergillosis__aspergillosi  severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys
                                         subtype:  #bighead  any of various diseases of animals characterized by edema of the head and neck
                                         subtype:  #bull_nose  a disease of pigs resulting in swelling of the snout
                                         subtype:  #canine_chorea__chorea  chorea in dogs
                                         subtype:  #costiasis__costiasi  a fatal disease of fresh-water fish caused by a flagellated protozoan invading the skin
                                         subtype:  #cowpox__vaccinia  a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
                                         subtype:  #creeps.animal_disease  a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait
                                         subtype:  #hemorrhagic_septicemia__hemorrhagicsepticemia__pasteurellosis  an acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection
                                         subtype:  #fowl_cholera  an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
                                         subtype:  #fowl_pest  an acute viral disease of domestic fowl; characterized by refusal to each and high temperature and discoloration of the comb
                                         subtype:  #hog_cholera  highly infectious virus disease of swine
                                         subtype:  #distemper  any of various infectious diseases of animals
                                            subtype:  #canine_distemper  a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation
                                            subtype:  #equine_distemper__strangles__strangle  an acute bacterial disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #enterotoxemia  a disease of cattle and sheep that is attributed to toxins absorbed from the intestines
                                         subtype:  #foot-and-mouth_disease__hoof-and-mouth_disease  acute contagious disease of cloven-footed animals marked by ulcers in the mouth and around the hoofs
                                         subtype:  #foot_rot  contagious degenerative infection of the feet of hoofed animals (especially cattle and sheep)
                                         subtype:  #black_disease__blackdisease__sheep_rot__sheeprot__liver_rot__liverrot__distomatosis  a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products
                                         subtype:  #heaves__broken_wind  a chronic emphysema of the horse that causes difficult expiration and heaving of the flanks
                                         subtype:  #red_water__redwater  a disease of cattle; characterized by hematuria
                                         subtype:  #rhinotracheitis__rhinotracheiti  an respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cattle
                                         subtype:  #rinderpest__cattle_plague  an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #scours  diarrhea in livestock
                                         subtype:  #bovine_spongiform_encephalitis__BSE__mad_cow_disease__madcowdisease  a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
                                         subtype:  #scrapie  a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
                                         subtype:  #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia  a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
                                         subtype:  #spavin  a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness
                                            subtype:  #blood_spavin__bloodspavin  spavin caused by distension of the veins
                                            subtype:  #bog_spavin__bogspavin  spavin caused by collection of fluids
                                            subtype:  #bone_spavin  spavin caused by a bony growth
                                         subtype:  #loco_disease__locoism  a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis
                                         subtype:  #mange  an persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
                                         subtype:  #moon_blindness__mooneye  recurrent eye inflammation in horses; sometimes resulting in blindness
                                         subtype:  #murrain  any plaguelike disease of domestic animals
                                         subtype:  #myxomatosis__myxomatosi  a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits
                                         subtype:  #Newcastle_disease  disease of domestic fowl and other birds
                                         subtype:  #pip.animal_disease  a disease of poultry
                                         subtype:  #psittacosis__psittacosi__parrot_disease  infectious disease of birds
                                         subtype:  #pullorum_disease__bacillary_white_diarrhea__bacillarywhitediarrhea__bacillary_white_diarrhoea__bacillarywhitediarrhoea  a serious bacterial disease of young chickens
                                         subtype:  #saddle_sore.animal_disease__saddlesore__gall  an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle
                                         subtype:  #sand_crack  a fissure in the wall of a horse's hoof often causing lameness
                                            subtype:  #toe_crack__toecrack  a crack on the forepart of a horse's hindfoot
                                            subtype:  #quarter_crack__quartercrack  a crack on the inside of a horse's forefoot
                                         subtype:  #sweating_sickness  a disease of cattle (especially calves)
                                         subtype:  #Texas_fever  an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by the cattle tick
                                         subtype:  #trembles__milk_sickness  disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot
                                         subtype:  #zoonosis  an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
                                            subtype:  #actinomycosis__actinomycosi  disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
                                               subtype:  #cervicofacial_actinomycosis__cervicofacialactinomycosi__lumpy_jaw__lumpyjaw  the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
                                               subtype:  #thoracic_actinomycosis  a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
                                               subtype:  #abdominal_actinomycosis__abdominalactinomycosi  a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
                                            subtype:  #anthrax__splenic_fever__splenicfever  a highly infectious animal disease (especially cattle and sheep); it can be transmitted to people
                                            subtype:  #brucellosis__contagious_abortion__Bang's_disease  an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings
                                            subtype:  #glanders  a destructive and contagious bacterial disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans
                                            subtype:  #Lyme_disease__Lyme_arthritis  an acute inflammatory disease characterized by a rash with joint swelling and fever; caused by bacteria carried by the bite of a deer tick
                                            subtype:  #Marburg_disease__Marburg-ebola_disease__green_monkey_disease  a viral disease of green monkeys; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
                                            subtype:  #rabies__hydrophobia__madness  an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain
                                            subtype:  #swamp_fever__swampfever__leptospirosis__leptospirosi  an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
                                               subtype:  #canicola_fever  an acute feverish disease in people and in dogs marked by gastroenteritis and mild jaundice
                                               subtype:  #Weil's_disease  a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
                                            subtype:  #tularemia__tularaemia__rabbit_fever__deer_fly_fever__yatobyo  disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals
                                      subtype:  #plant_disease__plantdisease  a disease that affects plants
                                         subtype:  #blight  any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
                                            subtype:  #alder_blight__alderblight  a disease of alders caused by the woolly alder aphid (a plant louse)
                                            subtype:  #apple_blight__appleblight__apple_canker__applecanker  a disease of apple trees
                                            subtype:  #beet_blight  a disease of beet plants
                                            subtype:  #blister_blight__blisterblight  a disease of tea plants
                                            subtype:  #blister_blight.blight__blisterblight  a disease of Scotch pines
                                            subtype:  #cane_blight  a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
                                            subtype:  #chestnut_blight__chestnut_canker__chestnut-bark_disease  a disease of American chestnut trees
                                            subtype:  #coffee_blight  a blight affecting the coffee plant
                                            subtype:  #collar_blight  a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
                                            subtype:  #halo_spot__halo_blight__bean_blight  a blight of bean plants
                                            subtype:  #halo_blight  a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
                                            subtype:  #head_blight  a blight of the heads of cereals
                                               subtype:  #wheat_scab__wheatscab  a disease of the heads of wheat plants
                                            subtype:  #late_blight  blight in which symptoms appear late in the growing season especially a disease of solanaceous plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans
                                               subtype:  #celery_blight  a fungous leaf spot disease of the celery plant
                                            subtype:  #leaf_blight  any blight causing a browning and falling of the leaves of a plant
                                               subtype:  #fire_blight__pear_blight  a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
                                                  subtype:  #blight_canker  a phase of fire blight in which cankers appear
                                               subtype:  #needle_blight__needle_cast__leaf_cast  a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
                                            subtype:  #peach_blight__peachblight  a disease of trees bearing drupes
                                            subtype:  #potato_blight__potato_mold__potato_disease__potato_mildew__potato_murrain  a blight of potatoes
                                            subtype:  #rim_blight__rimblight  a disease of tea plants
                                            subtype:  #spinach_blight__spinachblight  a disease of spinach plants
                                            subtype:  #spur_blight  a disease of raspberries
                                            subtype:  #stem_blight  a fungous blight attacking the stems of plants
                                            subtype:  #stripe_blight  a disease of oats
                                            subtype:  #thread_blight  a disease of tropical woody plants(cocoa or tea or citrus)
                                            subtype:  #tomato_blight__tomato_yellows  a disease of tomato plants
                                            subtype:  #twig_blight  a disease of the ends of twigs of woody plants
                                            subtype:  #walnut_blight  a disease of English walnut trees
                                         subtype:  #rust  a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems caused by a rust fungus
                                            subtype:  #white_pine_blister_rust__whitepineblisterrust__blister_rust__blisterrust__white-pine_rust__whitepinerust  any of several diseases of pines caused by rust fungi of the genus Cronartium and marked by destructive invasion of bark and sapwood and producing blisters externally
                                         subtype:  #blackheart  any of various diseases in which the central tissues blacken
                                         subtype:  #black_knot__blackknot  disease of plum and cherry trees characterized by black excrescences on the branches
                                         subtype:  #black_rot__blackrot  a fungous disease causing darkening and decay of the leaves of fruits and vegetables
                                         subtype:  #black_spot__blackspot  any of several fungous diseases of plants that produce small black spots on the plant
                                         subtype:  #bottom_rot  fungous disease of lettuce that first rots lower leaves and spreads upward
                                         subtype:  #brown_rot__brownrot  any of certain fungous diseases of plants characterized by browning and decay of tissues
                                            subtype:  #brown_rot_gummosis__gummosis  disease of citrus trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora citrophthora
                                            subtype:  #ring_rot__ring_disease__tobacco_wilt__tobaccowilt  disease of tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum
                                         subtype:  #gummosis  pathological production of gummy exudates in citrus and various stone-fruit trees
                                         subtype:  #cotton_ball  a fungus disease of cranberries
                                         subtype:  #crown_gall__crowngall  a bacterial disease of plants (especially pome and stone fruits and grapes and roses) which forms excrescences on the stem near the ground
                                            subtype:  #hairy_root__hairyroot  a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
                                         subtype:  #crown_wart__crownwart  a fungous disease of alfalfa which forms white excrescences at the base of the stem
                                         subtype:  #damping_off__dampingoff  a plant disease caused by a fungus; diseased condition of seedlings in excessive moisture
                                         subtype:  #dieback  a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches
                                         subtype:  #dry_rot.plant_disease__dryrot  a crumbling and drying of timber or bulbs or potatoes or fruit caused by a fungus
                                         subtype:  #heartrot  any plant disease in which the central part of a plant rots (especially in trees)
                                         subtype:  #mosaic.plant_disease  viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes; potatoes; tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
                                            subtype:  #potato_mosaic  a disease of the leaves of potato plants
                                            subtype:  #tobacco_mosaic__tobaccomosaic  a plant disease causing discoloration of the leaves of tobacco plants
                                         subtype:  #rhizoctinia_disease__rhizoctiniadisease  disease caused by rhizoctinia or fungi of Pellicularia and Corticium
                                            subtype:  #little_potato__rosette__russet_scab__stem_canker  rhizoctinia disease of potatoes
                                         subtype:  #pink_disease  serious bark disease of many tropical crop trees (coffee; citrus; rubber); branches have a covering of pink hyphae
                                         subtype:  #potato_wart  fungous disease causing dark warty spongy excrescences in the eyes of potato tubers
                                         subtype:  #root_rot  disease characterized by root decay; caused by various fungi
                                         subtype:  #sweet-potato_ring_rot  disease of sweet potatoes in which roots are girdled by rings of dry rot
                                         subtype:  #sclerotium_disease__sclerotium_rot  plant disease cause by fungi of the genus Sclerotium; also one in which sclerotia are formed
                                         subtype:  #Dutch_elm_disease  disease of elms caused by a fungus
                                         subtype:  #ergot  a plant disease caused by the ergot fungus
                                         subtype:  #foot_rot.plant_disease__footrot  plant disease in which the stem or trunk rots at the base
                                         subtype:  #pinkroot  a fungal disease of onions
                                         subtype:  #wilt_disease__wilt  any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots
                                            subtype:  #granville_wilt__granvillewilt  a bacterial wilt of tobacco plants
                                            subtype:  #fusarium_wilt  caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium
                                            subtype:  #verticilliosis  caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium
                                         subtype:  #smut  destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores
                                            subtype:  #loose_smut.smut__loosesmut  disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores
                                            subtype:  #stinking_smut__bunt  disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores
                                            subtype:  #flag_smut  smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
                                            subtype:  #green_smut__greensmut__false_smut__falsesmut  disease of rice; grains covered by a green powder consisting of conidia
                                         subtype:  #soft_rot  mushy or slimy decay of plants caused by bacteria or fungi
                                            subtype:  #leak.soft_rot  soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
                                         subtype:  #yellow_dwarf  any of several virus diseases of plants characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves
                                            subtype:  #yellow_dwarf_of_potato__potato_yellow_dwarf  the yellow dwarf disease of potato plants
                                            subtype:  #onion_yellow_dwarf  the yellow dwarf disease of onion plants
                                         subtype:  #yellow_spot  any of several fungous or viral diseases characterized by yellow spotting on the leaves
                                            subtype:  #tomato_streak  disease of a wide range of plants (tomatoes; potatoes; peas) resulting from a mixed infection of potato and tomato mosaic
                                      subtype:  #ozena__ozaena  a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures
                                      subtype:  #filariasis  a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels
                                   subtype:  #hypermotility  excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
                                   subtype:  #indisposition  a slight illness
                                   subtype:  #ozone_sickness  illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
                                   subtype:  #toxemia_of_pregnancy__toxaemia_of_pregnancy__toxemia__toxaemia  an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
                                      subtype:  #eclampsia  a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
                                      subtype:  #preeclampsia__pre-eclampsia__preeclampsia  abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
                                   subtype:  #growth.illness  (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
                                      subtype:  #exostosis__exostosi  a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)
                                      subtype:  #polypus__polyp  a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #adenomatous_polyp__adenomatouspolyp  a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium; "adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum"
                                         subtype:  #sessile_polyp__sessilepolyp  a relatively flat polyp
                                         subtype:  #pedunculated_polyp  a polyp with a stalk or peduncle
                                      subtype:  #peduncle.growth  the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
                                      subtype:  #tumor__tumour__neoplasm  an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
                                         subtype:  #acanthoma__skin_tumor  a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
                                            subtype:  #keratoacanthoma  skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar
                                         subtype:  #adenoma  a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
                                            subtype:  #fibroadenoma  benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen
                                         subtype:  #angioma  a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
                                            subtype:  #hemangioma__haemangioma  benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
                                               subtype:  #strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma  a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
                                            subtype:  #lymphangioma  benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
                                            subtype:  #spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider  a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
                                         subtype:  #benign_tumor__benign_tumour__nonmalignant_tumor__nonmalignant_tumout__nonmalignant_neoplasm  a tumor that is not cancerous
                                            subtype:  #chondroma  a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
                                            subtype:  #myxoma  a benign tumor of connective tissue containing jellylike material
                                            subtype:  #osteoblastoma  benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)
                                            subtype:  #osteochondroma  benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
                                         subtype:  #blastoma__blastocytoma__embryonal_carcinosarcoma__embryonalcarcinosarcoma  a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
                                         subtype:  #brain_tumor__braintumor__brain_tumour__braintumour  a tumor in the brain
                                            subtype:  #glioblastoma__spongioblastoma  a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
                                            subtype:  #glioma  a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia
                                         subtype:  #carcinoid  a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin
                                         subtype:  #celioma  an abdominal tumor
                                         subtype:  #enchondroma  benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
                                         subtype:  #fibroma  nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue
                                            subtype:  #fibroid_tumor__fibroidtumor  benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
                                         subtype:  #granuloma  a tumor composed of granulation tissue resulting from injury or inflammation or infection
                                            subtype:  #gumma  a small rubbery granuloma that is characteristic of an advanced stage of syphilis
                                         subtype:  #lipoma__adipose_tumor__adiposetumor  a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
                                         subtype:  #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor  a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
                                         subtype:  #meningioma  a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant
                                         subtype:  #myeloma  a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #multiple_myeloma  myeloma that develops in several places at the same time
                                         subtype:  #myoma  a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue
                                            subtype:  #leiomyoma  benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
                                            subtype:  #rhabdomyoma  benign rumor of striated muscle
                                         subtype:  #neurinoma  tumor (usually benign) of the sheath surrounding a nerve
                                         subtype:  #neuroblastoma  malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly
                                         subtype:  #neuroepithelioma  malignant tumor of the neuroepithelium
                                         subtype:  #neurofibroma__neurilemoma  tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
                                         subtype:  #neuroma  any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
                                         subtype:  #osteoma  a tumor of bone tissue
                                         subtype:  #papilloma__villoma__papillary_tumor__papillarytumor__papillary_tumour__papillarytumour  a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
                                         subtype:  #pheochromocytoma__phaeochromocytoma  a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
                                         subtype:  #pinealoma  tumor of the pineal gland
                                         subtype:  #plasmacytoma  neoplasm of plasma cells (usually in bone marrow)
                                         subtype:  #psammoma__sand_tumor  a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sand-like particles
                                         subtype:  #teratoma  a tumor consisting of a mixture of tissues not normally found at that site
                                      subtype:  #hamartoma  a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
                                subtype:  #invalidism  chronic ill health
                                subtype:  #biliousness  gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
                                subtype:  #infection  invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation
                                   subtype:  #enterobiasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
                                   subtype:  #felon__whitlow  a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
                                   subtype:  #focal_infection__focalinfection  bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
                                   subtype:  #fungal_infection__mycosis__mycosi  an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
                                      subtype:  #blastomycosis__blastomycosi  any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
                                         subtype:  #chromoblastomycosis__chromoblastomycosi  a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
                                      subtype:  #tinea__ringworm__roundworm  infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
                                         subtype:  #dhobi_itch__dhobiitch  fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
                                         subtype:  #kerion  ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that is usually results in a pustule-covered swelling that oozes fluid
                                         subtype:  #tinea_pedis__tineapedi__athlete's_foot__athlete'sfoot  fungal infection of the feet
                                         subtype:  #tinea_barbae__tineabarbae__barber's_itch  fungal infection of the face and neck
                                         subtype:  #tinea_capitis__tineacapiti  fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
                                         subtype:  #tinea_corporis  fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
                                         subtype:  #tinea_cruris__jock_itch__eczema_marginatum  fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
                                         subtype:  #tinea_unguium__tineaunguium  fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
                                      subtype:  #coccidioidomycosis__coccidiomycosis__valley_fever__desert_rheumatism  an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
                                      subtype:  #cryptococcosis  a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
                                      subtype:  #candidiasis__candidiasi__moniliasis__monilia_disease__moniliadisease  an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
                                         subtype:  #thrush.candidiasis  candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
                                      subtype:  #dermatomycosis__dermatophytosis__dermatophytosi  fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
                                      subtype:  #favus__favu  a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
                                      subtype:  #keratomycosis__keratomycosi  fungal infection of the cornea
                                      subtype:  #phycomycosis  any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
                                      subtype:  #sporotrichosis  a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
                                      subtype:  #rhinosporidiosis  fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
                                   subtype:  #opportunistic_infection__opportunisticinfection  any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
                                      subtype:  #aspergillosis.opportunistic_infection__aspergillosi  an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs
                                   subtype:  #paronychia  infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
                                   subtype:  #protozoal_infection__protozoalinfection  any infection caused by a protozoan
                                      subtype:  #malaria  an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever
                                         subtype:  #blackwater_fever  severe and often fatal malaria characterized by kidney damage resulting in dark urine
                                         subtype:  #jungle_fever  severe form of malaria occurring in tropical regions
                                      subtype:  #amebiasis__amebiasi__amoebiasis__amebiosis__amebiosi__amoebiosis  infection by a disease-causing ameba
                                         subtype:  #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery  inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
                                      subtype:  #giardiasis  infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
                                      subtype:  #leishmaniasis__leishmaniasi__leishmaniosis__leishmaniosi  sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania
                                         subtype:  #visceral_leishmaniasis__kala-azar__Assam_fever__dumdum_fever  leishmaniasis of the viscera
                                         subtype:  #cutaneous_leishmaniasis__Old_World_leishmaniasis__oriental_sore__tropical_sore__Delhi_boil__Aleppo_boil  leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
                                         subtype:  #mucocutaneous_leishmaniasis__mucocutaneousleishmaniasi__New_World_leishmaniasis__newworldleishmaniasi__American_leishmaniasis__leishmaniasis_americana__leishmaniasisamericana__nasopharyngeal_leishmaniasis  a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
                                      subtype:  #trichomoniasis  infection of the vagina
                                   subtype:  #respiratory_tract_infection__respiratorytractinfection__respiratory_infection__respiratoryinfection  any infection of the respiratory tract
                                      subtype:  #lower_respiratory_infection__lowerrespiratoryinfection  infection of the lower respiratory tract
                                      subtype:  #upper_respiratory_infection__upperrespiratoryinfection  infection of the upper respiratory tract
                                   subtype:  #scabies__itch  a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch"
                                   subtype:  #schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
                                   subtype:  #sepsis  the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
                                      subtype:  #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia  invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
                                      subtype:  #sapremia__sapraemia  blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrified matter
                                   subtype:  #sore  an open skin infection
                                      subtype:  #blain  an inflammatory swelling or sore
                                         subtype:  #chilblain__chilblains__pernio  inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
                                            subtype:  #kibe  ulcerated chilblain on the heel
                                      subtype:  #chancre  a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)
                                      subtype:  #fester__suppurating_sore__suppuratingsore  a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
                                      subtype:  #gall.sore  a skin sore caused by chafing
                                         subtype:  #saddle_sore  sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
                                   subtype:  #staphylococcal_infection  an infection with Staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
                                      subtype:  #furuncle__boil  a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
                                         subtype:  #gumboil  a boil or abscess on the gums
                                      subtype:  #carbuncle  an infection larger than a boil and with several openings for discharge of pus
                                   subtype:  #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection  an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
                                   subtype:  #sty__stye__hordeolum__eye_infection__eyeinfection  an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
                                   subtype:  #superinfection  infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
                                   subtype:  #suprainfection  secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
                                   subtype:  #tapeworm_infection  intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
                                   subtype:  #lockjaw__tetanus__tetanu  an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
                                   subtype:  #toxoplasmosis__toxoplasmosi  infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
                                   subtype:  #viral_infection__viralinfection__virus_infection__virusinfection  infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_fever__hemorrhagicfever__haemorrhagic_fever  a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
                                      subtype:  #herpangia  a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time
                                      subtype:  #Rift_Valley_fever  a viral infection common in Africa; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
                                      subtype:  #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia  pneumonia caused by a virus
                                subtype:  #heatstroke__heat_hyperpyrexia  collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
                                   subtype:  #heat_exhaustion__heat_prostration__prostration  a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
                                   subtype:  #sunstroke__insolation__thermic_fever__thermicfever__siriasis  sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
                                subtype:  #pathology  any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
                                   subtype:  #acidosis  abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
                                      subtype:  #ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis  acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
                                      subtype:  #metabolic_acidosis  acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis  acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
                                      subtype:  #starvation_acidosis  acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
                                   subtype:  #alkalosis__alkalosi  abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
                                      subtype:  #metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi  alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi  alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
                                   subtype:  #ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis  abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
                                   subtype:  #arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia  an abnormal distension of an artery
                                   subtype:  #asynergy__asynergia  absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
                                   subtype:  #asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest  absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
                                   subtype:  #diverticulosis  presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
                                   subtype:  #flux.pathology  excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
                                   subtype:  #fluorosis__fluorosi  a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
                                   subtype:  #gammopathy  a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
                                   subtype:  #glossolalia  repetitive nonsense speech
                                   subtype:  #angiopathy  any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
                                      subtype:  #angioma  a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
                                      subtype:  #angiitis  inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
                                   subtype:  #idiopathic_disease__idiopathy  any disease of unknown cause
                                   subtype:  #aphagia  loss of the ability to swallow
                                   subtype:  #stenosis__stricture  abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
                                      subtype:  #aortic_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
                                      subtype:  #enterostenosis  abnormal narrowing of the intestine
                                      subtype:  #Laryngostenosis  abnormal narrowing of the larynx
                                      subtype:  #pulmonary_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
                                      subtype:  #pyloric_stenosis  narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
                                      subtype:  #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi  narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
                                      subtype:  #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis  obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
                                      subtype:  #ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi  stenosis of the ureter
                                   subtype:  #atherogenesis__atherogenesi  the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
                                   subtype:  #ascites__ascite  accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
                                   subtype:  #azymia  absence of an enzyme
                                   subtype:  #bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia  transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
                                   subtype:  #sclerosis__sclerosi__induration  any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
                                      subtype:  #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis  a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
                                      subtype:  #amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease  thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
                                      subtype:  #arteriolosclerosis  sclerosis of the arterioles
                                      subtype:  #arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease  sclerosis of the arterial walls
                                         subtype:  #atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease  a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
                                         subtype:  #arteriosclerosis_obliterans  a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
                                      subtype:  #osteosclerosis  abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
                                   subtype:  #lipomatosis__lipomatosi  pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
                                   subtype:  #lithiasis__lithiasi  the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
                                      subtype:  #cholelithiasis  the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
                                      subtype:  #enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi  the presence of calculi in the intestines
                                      subtype:  #nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis  the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
                                         subtype:  #nephrocalcinosis  renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
                                   subtype:  #cartilaginification  abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
                                   subtype:  #cyst  a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
                                      subtype:  #dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst  a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
                                      subtype:  #galactocele  a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst  a cyst containing blood
                                         subtype:  #cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma  a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
                                      subtype:  #hydatid  cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
                                      subtype:  #nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle  a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
                                      subtype:  #ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst  a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
                                      subtype:  #ranula  a cyst on the underside of the tongue
                                      subtype:  #sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma  a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
                                         subtype:  #chalazion__Meibomian_cyst  a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
                                   subtype:  #endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi  the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
                                   subtype:  #adhesion  abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
                                      subtype:  #symphysis.adhesion__symphysi  an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
                                      subtype:  #synechia  adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
                                         subtype:  #anterior_synechia  adhesion between the iris and the cornea
                                         subtype:  #posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia  adhesion between the iris and the lens
                                   subtype:  #hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes  pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
                                      subtype:  #classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi  inherited form of hemochromatosis
                                      subtype:  #acquired_hemochromatosis  hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
                                   subtype:  #infarct__infarction  localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
                                      subtype:  #myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI  destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
                                   subtype:  #macrocytosis  the presence of macrocytes in the blood
                                   subtype:  #fibrosis  development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
                                      subtype:  #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis  a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
                                      subtype:  #myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi  fibrosis of the bone marrow
                                   subtype:  #malacia  a state of abnormal softening of tissue
                                      subtype:  #osteomalacia  abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
                                   subtype:  #neuropathy  any pathology of the peripheral nerves
                                      subtype:  #mononeuropathy  any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
                                      subtype:  #multiple_mononeuropathy  pathology of several individual nerve trunks
                                   subtype:  #myopathy  any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
                                   subtype:  #osteoporosis  abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
                                   subtype:  #priapism  condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
                                   subtype:  #demineralization__demineralisation  abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
                                   subtype:  #pyorrhea__pyorrhoea  discharge of pus
                                   subtype:  #uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia  accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
                                   subtype:  #azoturia  excess of urea in the urine
                                   subtype:  #lesion  any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
                                      subtype:  #tubercle  a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
                                      subtype:  #ulcer__ulceration  a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
                                         subtype:  #aphthous_ulcer  a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
                                         subtype:  #bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer  a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
                                         subtype:  #chancroid  infectious venereal ulcer
                                         subtype:  #peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration  an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
                                            subtype:  #duodenal_ulcer  a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
                                            subtype:  #gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer  a peptic ulcer of the stomach
                                         subtype:  #canker  an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
                                         subtype:  #noli-me-tangere  a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
                                         subtype:  #noma  acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
                                   subtype:  #gangrene__sphacelus__slough  necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
                                   subtype:  #hyperbilirubinemia  abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
                                      subtype:  #hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia  a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
                                   subtype:  #palilalia  a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
                                   subtype:  #reflux  an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
                                      subtype:  #gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux  reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
                                      subtype:  #hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux  a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
                                      subtype:  #ureterorenal_reflux  a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
                                      subtype:  #vesicoureteral_reflux  a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
                                   subtype:  #otorrhea  discharge from the external ear
                                   subtype:  #rhinopathy  any disease or malformation of the nose
                                      subtype:  #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi  narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
                                      subtype:  #rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose  enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
                                      subtype:  #rhinosporidiosis  fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
                                   subtype:  #hydronephrosis  accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
                                   subtype:  #atelectasis  collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
                                   subtype:  #anoxemia  abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
                                   subtype:  #coprolalia  an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
                                   subtype:  #autoimmunity  production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
                                   subtype:  #dysfunction  (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
                                      subtype:  #erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED  impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
                                      subtype:  #paralysis__paralysi__palsy  loss of the ability to move a body part
                                         subtype:  #akinesis__akinesia  motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
                                         subtype:  #alalia  paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
                                         subtype:  #cystoplegia__cystoparalysis  paralysis of the urinary bladder
                                         subtype:  #diplegia  paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
                                         subtype:  #Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis  paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
                                         subtype:  #monoplegia  paralysis of a single limb
                                         subtype:  #ophthalmoplegia  paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
                                         subtype:  #paresis__paresi  a slight or partial paralysis
                                            subtype:  #paraparesis__paraparesi  a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
                                         subtype:  #paraplegia  paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
                                         subtype:  #hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis  paralysis of one side of the body
                                         subtype:  #quadriplegia  paralysis of both arms and both legs
                                   subtype:  #sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi  a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
                                   subtype:  #carotenemia  excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
                                   subtype:  #stasis.pathology  an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
                                   subtype:  #uropathy  any pathology of the urinary tract
                                      subtype:  #kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis  a disease affecting the kidneys
                                         subtype:  #nephritis__Bright's_disease  an inflammation of the kidney
                                            subtype:  #glomerulonephritis  nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
                                         subtype:  #nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis  kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
                                         subtype:  #polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD  kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
                                         subtype:  #polyuria  renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
                                         subtype:  #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure  inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
                                            subtype:  #acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure  renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
                                            subtype:  #chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure  renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
                                         subtype:  #renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency  insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
                                   subtype:  #varicosis__varicosi  pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
                                   subtype:  #viremia__viraemia  the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
                                   subtype:  #volvulus  abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
                                subtype:  #affliction.ill_health  a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
                                   subtype:  #deformity__malformation__misshapenness__misshapennes  an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
                                      subtype:  #Arnold-Chiari_deformity  deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
                                      subtype:  #clawfoot__pes_cavus__pescavu  a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
                                      subtype:  #cleft_foot__cleftfoot  a deformity in which the space between the third and fourth toes extends up into the foot
                                      subtype:  #clubfoot__talipes__talipe  congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
                                         subtype:  #talipes_valgus  deformity of the foot in which the foot is twisted outward
                                         subtype:  #talipes_equinus__talipesequinu  talipes in which the toes are pointed downward
                                         subtype:  #talipes_calcaneus__talipescalcaneu  talipes in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks on the heel of the foot
                                      subtype:  #pigeon_breast__chicken_breast__chickenbreast  abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
                                      subtype:  #plagiocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
                                      subtype:  #scaphocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
                                subtype:  #harm__injury__hurt__trauma  any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
                                   subtype:  #bleeding__hemorrhage__haemorrhage  flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_stroke__hemorrhagicstroke__haemorrhagic_stroke  stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
                                      subtype:  #cerebral_hemorrhage  bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain
                                      subtype:  #blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation  the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
                                      subtype:  #hyphema  bleeding into the interior chamber of the eye
                                      subtype:  #metrorrhagia  bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)
                                      subtype:  #nosebleed__epistaxis__epistaxi  bleeding from the nose
                                      subtype:  #ulemorrhagia  bleeding of the gums
                                   subtype:  #bruise__contusion  an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
                                      subtype:  #ecchymosis.bruise  the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
                                      subtype:  #petechia  a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
                                      subtype:  #black_eye__blackeye__shiner  a bruise caused by a blow to the eye
                                   subtype:  #bump  a lump on the body caused by a blow
                                   subtype:  #burn.harm  an injury cause by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
                                      subtype:  #electric_burn  a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
                                      subtype:  #singe__scorch  a surface burn
                                      subtype:  #scald.burn  a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
                                      subtype:  #first-degree_burn  burn causing redness of the skin surface
                                         subtype:  #erythema_solare__sunburn  redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
                                      subtype:  #second-degree_burn  burn causing blisters on the skin and superficial destruction of the dermis
                                      subtype:  #third-degree_burn  burn characterized by destruction of both epidermis and dermis
                                   subtype:  #dislocation  a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
                                      subtype:  #abarticulation  dislocation of a joint
                                      subtype:  #diastasis  separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone
                                      subtype:  #spondylolisthesis__spondylolisthesi  a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
                                   subtype:  #electric_shock.harm__electricshock  trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
                                   subtype:  #fracture__break  breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall"
                                      subtype:  #comminuted_fracture  fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
                                      subtype:  #complete_fracture  break involving the entire width of the bone
                                      subtype:  #compound_fracture__open_fracture  bone fracture associated with lacerated soft tissue or an open wound
                                      subtype:  #compression_fracture__compressionfracture  fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
                                      subtype:  #depressed_fracture__depressedfracture  fracture of the skull where the bone is pushed in
                                      subtype:  #displaced_fracture__displacedfracture  fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another
                                      subtype:  #fatigue_fracture__fatiguefracture__stress_fracture  fracture resulting from excessive activity rather than a specific injury
                                      subtype:  #incomplete_fracture  fracture that does not go across the entire width of the bone
                                         subtype:  #greenstick_fracture  a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children); the bone is bent but broken on only one side
                                      subtype:  #impacted_fracture  fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end
                                      subtype:  #simple_fracture__closed_fracture  an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones to not pierce the skin
                                   subtype:  #frostbite__cryopathy  destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
                                      subtype:  #trenchfoot__immersion_foot__immersionfoot  resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet
                                   subtype:  #intravasation  entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
                                   subtype:  #pinch  an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
                                   subtype:  #rupture.harm  state of being torn or burst open
                                      subtype:  #hernia__herniation  rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
                                         subtype:  #colpocele__vaginocele  hernia projecting into the vagina
                                            subtype:  #cystocele__colpocystocele  hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth
                                            subtype:  #rectocele__proctocele  protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth
                                         subtype:  #diverticulum  a herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ (especially the colon)
                                            subtype:  #Meckel's_diverticulum  a congenital diverticulum in the ileum resulting from incomplete closure of the yolk sac
                                         subtype:  #eventration  protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall
                                         subtype:  #exomphalos  an umbilical hernia at birth in which some abdominal organs push into the umbilical cord
                                         subtype:  #hiatus_hernia__hiatal_hernia__diaphragmatic_hernia__diaphragmatichernia  hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
                                         subtype:  #inguinal_hernia  hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males
                                         subtype:  #keratocele  hernia of the cornea
                                         subtype:  #laparocele  hernia through the abdomen
                                         subtype:  #umbilical_hernia__umbilicalhernia__omphalocele  protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth
                                      subtype:  #herniated_disc__herniateddisc__ruptured_intervertebral_disc__slipped_disc__slippeddisc  a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
                                   subtype:  #insect_bite__sting__bite  a painful wound caused by the thrust of a stinger into skin
                                      subtype:  #bee_sting__beesting  a sting inflicted by a bee
                                      subtype:  #flea_bite.insect_bite__fleabite  sting inflicted by a flea
                                      subtype:  #mosquito_bite  a sting inflicted by a mosquito
                                   subtype:  #strain.harm  injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
                                   subtype:  #whiplash_injury__whiplash  an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
                                   subtype:  #wale__welt__weal__wheal  a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
                                   subtype:  #wound__lesion  any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision
                                      subtype:  #raw_wound__rawwound  a wound that exposes subcutaneous tissue
                                      subtype:  #stigmata  marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
                                      subtype:  #scratch__scrape__excoriation  an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
                                         subtype:  #graze  a superficial abrasion
                                         subtype:  #rope_burn  abrasion (usually on the hands) caused by friction from a rope
                                      subtype:  #cut.wound__gash__slash__slice  a wound made by cutting; "he put a bandage over the cut"
                                      subtype:  #laceration.wound  a torn ragged wound
                                      subtype:  #bite  a wound resulting from biting
                                         subtype:  #dog_bite__dogbite  a bite inflicted by a dog
                                         subtype:  #snakebite  a bite inflicted by a (venomous) snake
                                   subtype:  #wrench__twist__pull  a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; "the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"; "he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
                                      subtype:  #sprain  a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
                                subtype:  #poor_shape__unfitness__unfitnes__badcondition  poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition
                                   subtype:  #infirmity__frailty__debility__feebleness__frailness__frailnes  the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
                                      subtype:  #asthenia__astheny  an abnormal loss of strength
                                      subtype:  #cachexia__cachexy__wasting  any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
                                   subtype:  #disability__disablement__handicap__impairment  the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; "reading disability"; "hearing impairment"
                                      subtype:  #bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara__tibiavara  a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
                                      subtype:  #anorgasmia  absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
                                      subtype:  #disability_of_walking  a disability that interferes with or prevents walking
                                         subtype:  #abasia  inability to walk
                                            subtype:  #abasia_trepidans  abasia due to trembling of the legs
                                            subtype:  #atactic_abasia__atacticabasia__ataxic_abasia  abasia due to ataxia of the legs
                                            subtype:  #choreic_abasia__choreicabasia  abasia related to abnormal movements of the legs
                                            subtype:  #paralytic_abasia__paralyticabasia  abasia related to paralysis of the leg muscles
                                            subtype:  #paroxysmal_trepidant_abasia  abasia related to spasticity of the legs
                                            subtype:  #spastic_abasia__spasticabasia  abasia due to spastic contractions of the leg muscles
                                         subtype:  #lameness__limping__gimp__gimpiness__gimpines__gamenes__claudication  disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet
                                            subtype:  #intermittent_claudication  lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate; pain subsides with rest
                                      subtype:  #astasia  inability to stand due to muscular incoordination
                                      subtype:  #amputation.disability  a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs
                                      subtype:  #hearing_impairment__hearingimpairment__hearing_loss  impairment of the sense of hearing
                                         subtype:  #deafness  partial or complete loss of hearing
                                            subtype:  #tone_deafness  an inability to distinguish differences in pitch
                                            subtype:  #deaf-mutism__deaf-muteness  congenital deafness that results in inability to speak
                                         subtype:  #conductive_hearing_loss__conduction_deafness__middle-ear_deafness  hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear
                                         subtype:  #sensorineural_hearing_loss__nerve_deafness  hearing loss due to failure of the auditory nerve
                                      subtype:  #dysomia  impairment of the sense of smell
                                         subtype:  #anosmia  absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
                                         subtype:  #hyposmia  lessened sensitivity to odors
                                      subtype:  #visual_impairment__visual_defect__vision_defect__visual_disorder  impairment of the sense of sight
                                         subtype:  #amaurosis__amaurosi  partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
                                         subtype:  #amblyopia  visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
                                         subtype:  #ametropia  (ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
                                            subtype:  #myopia__nearsightedness__nearsightednes__shortsightednes  (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
                                            subtype:  #astigmia__astigmatism  (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea
                                               subtype:  #keratectasia  abnormal bulging of the cornea of the eye
                                               subtype:  #keratoconus__keratoconu  abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea of the eye; can be treated by epikeratophakia
                                            subtype:  #hyperopia__hypermetropia__hypermetropy__farsightedness__longsightedness__longsightednes  abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
                                               subtype:  #presbyopia  farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
                                         subtype:  #aniseikonia  visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
                                         subtype:  #anorthopia  distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
                                         subtype:  #aphakia  absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
                                         subtype:  #blindness__blindnes__sightlessnes  lack of sight
                                            subtype:  #anopia  sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
                                            subtype:  #snowblindness__snowblindnes  temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
                                            subtype:  #eyelessness__eyelessnes  blindness due to loss of the eyes
                                            subtype:  #figural_blindness__figuralblindnes  inability to see shapes and contours
                                         subtype:  #color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency  genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
                                            subtype:  #dichromacy__dichromatism__dichromatopsia__dichromia__dichromasy  a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
                                               subtype:  #red-green_dichromacy__redgreendichromacy__red-gree_color_blindness  confusion of red and green
                                                  subtype:  #deuteranopia__Daltonism__green-blindness  dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
                                                  subtype:  #protanopia__red-blindness__redblindnes  dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
                                               subtype:  #yellow-blue_dichromacy__yellow-blue_color_blindness  confusion of yellow and blue
                                                  subtype:  #tetartanopia__yellow-blindness  a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
                                                  subtype:  #tritanopia__blue-blindness  rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
                                            subtype:  #monochromacy__monochromatism__monochromatic_vision__monochromaticvision__monochromia__monochromasy  complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
                                         subtype:  #diplopia__double_vision  visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects; "diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered"
                                         subtype:  #hemeralopia__dayblindnes  inability to see clearly in bright light
                                         subtype:  #hemianopia__hemianopsia  blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
                                         subtype:  #quadrantanopia  blindness in one fourth of the visual field
                                         subtype:  #metamorphopsia  a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
                                         subtype:  #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness  inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
                                         subtype:  #photoretinitis  damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
                                         subtype:  #retinal_detachment__retinaldetachment__detachment_of_the_retina__detached_retina  visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
                                         subtype:  #tunnel_vision  visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
                                         subtype:  #xanthopsia  visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
                                      subtype:  #prolapse__prolapsus__prolapsu__descensus__descensu  the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus)
                                         subtype:  #enteroptosis  an abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity
                                         subtype:  #glossoptosis  abnormal downward or back placement of the tongue
                                         subtype:  #metroptosis__descensus_uteri  prolapse of the uterus
                                         subtype:  #nephroptosis__nephroptosia  prolapse of the kidney
                                         subtype:  #ptosis  drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
                                         subtype:  #ureterocele  prolapse of the end of the ureter into the bladder; may obstruct urine flow
                                         subtype:  #urethrocele  prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
                                      subtype:  #hypoesthesia__hypesthesia  impairment of tactile sensitivity; decrease of sensitivity
                                      subtype:  #knock-knee__knockknee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga__tibiavalga  by inward slant of the thigh
                                      subtype:  #pigeon_toes  disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee
                                      subtype:  #bow_leg__bowleg__bow_legs__bandy_legs  outward curvature of the legs
                             subtype:  #cellularity  the state of having cells
                                subtype:  #hypercellularity  the state of having abnormally many cells
                                subtype:  #hypocellularity  the state of having abnormally few cells
                             subtype:  #dependence__addiction__dependency  being abnormally dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
                                subtype:  #drug_addiction__white_plague__whiteplague  an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)
                                   subtype:  #alcoholism__alcohol_addiction__alcoholaddiction__drunkenness__drunkennes  prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms
                                   subtype:  #cocaine_addiction__cocaineaddiction  an addiction to cocaine
                                   subtype:  #heroin_addiction  an addiction to heroin
                                   subtype:  #caffein_addiction__caffeinaddiction  an addiction to caffein
                                   subtype:  #nicotine_addiction  an addiction to nicotine
                             subtype:  #suspended_animation__suspendedanimation  a temporary cessation of vital functions with loss of consciousness resembling death; usually resulting from asphyxia
                                subtype:  #anabiosis__anabiosi  suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns
                             subtype:  #cryptobiosis  a state in which an animal's metabolic activities come to a reversible standstill
                             subtype:  #dilatation__distension  the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions
                                subtype:  #ectasia__ectasis__ectasi  dilatation or distension of a hollow organ
                                   subtype:  #lymphangiectasia__lymphangiectasis  dilatation of a lymph vessel
                                   subtype:  #alveolar_ectasia  abnormal enlargement of the air sacs in the lungs
                                subtype:  #varicocele  dilatation of the veins associated with the spermatic cord in the testes
                             subtype:  #emmetropia  (ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina
                             subtype:  #sedation  a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
                             subtype:  #hyperpigmentation  unusual darkening of the skin
                                subtype:  #suntan__tan__sunburn__burn  a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun
                             subtype:  #hypopigmentation  unusual lack of skin color
                                subtype:  #albinism  the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
                             subtype:  #amyxia  a condition in which no mucus in produced
                             subtype:  #cold_sweat  concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear
                             subtype:  #obstruction.physiological_state__blockage  the state or condition of being obstructed
                                subtype:  #intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu  blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
                                subtype:  #tamponade__tamponage  blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)
                                   subtype:  #cardiac_tamponade__cardiactamponade  mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion
                             subtype:  #toxic_condition__toxiccondition__poisoning  the physiological state produced by a poison or a toxic substance
                                subtype:  #alkali_poisoning  poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an alkali compound (as lye or ammonia)
                                subtype:  #caffeinism__caffiene_intoxication  poisoning resulting from excessive intake of caffeine containing products
                                subtype:  #carbon_monoxide_poisoning  a toxic condition that results from inhaling and absorbing carbon monoxide gas; "carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and displaces oxygen in the blood"
                                subtype:  #cyanide_poisoning__cyanidepoisoning  poisoning due to ingesting or inhaling cyanide; common in smoke from fires and in industrial chemicals
                                subtype:  #ergotism  poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and craming and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs
                                subtype:  #mercury_poisoning__mercurypoisoning  a toxic condition caused by ingesting or inhaling mercury; acute mercury poisoning causes a metallic taste and vomiting and diarrhea and kidney problems that may lead to death
                                   subtype:  #Minamata_disease  a form of mercury poisoning among people who ate fish from mercury-contaminated waters of Minamata Bay off Japan in the 1950s; characterized by severe neurological degeneration
                                subtype:  #naphthalene_poisoning__naphthalenepoisoning  toxic condition resulting from inhaling or ingesting naphthalene
                                subtype:  #nicotine_poisoning  toxic condition caused by the ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of nicotine
                                subtype:  #ophidism  poisoning by snake venom
                                subtype:  #paraquat_poisoning  poisoning caused by ingestion of paraquat; characterized by progressive damage to the esophagus and liver and kidneys
                                subtype:  #pesticide_poisoning  toxic condition resulting from ingesting or inhaling a pesticide
                                   subtype:  #malathion_poisoning__malathionpoisoning  a toxic condition caused by inhaling or ingesting the insecticide Malathion
                                   subtype:  #parathion_poisoning__parathionpoisoning  a toxic condition resulting from inhalation or ingestion of the insecticide parathion; characterized by nausea and abdominal pains and headache and convulsions and sweating
                                subtype:  #salicylate_poisoning  poisoning caused by the excessive ingestion of salicylates (usually aspirin)
                             subtype:  #analgesia  absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
                             subtype:  #oligospermia  insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
                          subtype:  #disorder.state__upset  condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
                             subtype:  #immunological_disorder__immunologicaldisorder  a disorder of the immune system
                                subtype:  #immunodeficiency  immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
                                   subtype:  #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
                                   subtype:  #agammaglobulinemia  a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
                                   subtype:  #hypogammaglobulinemia  an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of infection
                                subtype:  #immunosuppression  lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
                                subtype:  #anergy.immunological_disorder  reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen
                             subtype:  #functional_disorder  disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
                             subtype:  #organic_disorder__organicdisorder  disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
                             subtype:  #abocclusion  the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
                             subtype:  #abruptio_placentae  a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
                             subtype:  #achlorhydria  an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
                             subtype:  #acholia__cholestasi  a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
                             subtype:  #achylia_gastrica__achyliagastrica  absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
                             subtype:  #acute_brain_disorder__acutebraindisorder__acute_organic_brain_syndrome__acuteorganicbrainsyndrome  any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
                             subtype:  #ailment__complaint__ill  an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
                                subtype:  #pip  a minor nonspecific ailment
                                subtype:  #motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi  the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
                                   subtype:  #airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes  motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
                                   subtype:  #car_sickness  motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
                                   subtype:  #seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia  motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
                             subtype:  #eating_disorder  a disorder of the normal eating routine
                                subtype:  #anorexia  a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
                                   subtype:  #anorexia_nervosa  (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated
                                subtype:  #bulimarexia__binge-purge_syndrome__bingepurgesyndrome__binge-vomit_syndrome__bingevomitsyndrome__bulima_nervosa  a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting
                                subtype:  #binge-eating_syndrome__bulimia  a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation
                             subtype:  #bladder_disorder__bladderdisorder  a disorder of the urinary bladder
                                subtype:  #flaccid_bladder__flaccidbladder  a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
                                subtype:  #neurogenic_bladder  a urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system
                                subtype:  #spastic_bladder__spasticbladder  a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
                             subtype:  #cardiovascular_disease  a disease of the heart or blood vessels
                                subtype:  #heart_disease__heartdisease__heart_condition__heartcondition__cardiopathy  a disease of the heart
                                   subtype:  #angina_pectoris__angina  a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
                                   subtype:  #cardiac_arrhythmia__cardiacarrhythmia__arrhythmia  an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
                                      subtype:  #flutter  abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block
                                      subtype:  #gallop_rhythm__cantering_rhythm__canteringrhythm  cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
                                      subtype:  #atrial_fibrillation  fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
                                      subtype:  #bradycardia  abnormally slow heartbeat
                                      subtype:  #heart_block__Adams-Stokes_syndrome__Stokes-Adams_syndrome__atrioventricular_block  recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat
                                      subtype:  #premature_ventricular_contraction__prematureventricularcontraction__pvc  irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
                                      subtype:  #tachycardia  abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
                                      subtype:  #ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation  fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
                                   subtype:  #cardiomyopathy__myocardiopathy  a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
                                      subtype:  #hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy  a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
                                   subtype:  #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
                                      subtype:  #congestive_heart_failure  inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
                                      subtype:  #heart_attack__heartattack  a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function
                                   subtype:  #valvular_heart_disease  heart disease caused by stenosis of the cardiac valves and obstructed blood flow or caused by degeneration and blood regurgitation
                                      subtype:  #aortic_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
                                      subtype:  #mitral_valve_prolapse  cardiopathy resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
                                      subtype:  #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis  obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
                                   subtype:  #rheumatic_heart_disease__rheumaticheartdisease  heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
                                subtype:  #high_blood_pressure__hypertension  a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
                                   subtype:  #essential_hypertension__essentialhypertension__hyperpiesis  persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
                                   subtype:  #malignant_hypertension__malignanthypertension  severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain; "malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension"
                                      subtype:  #portal_hypertension  increase in blood pressure in the veins of the portal system caused by obstruction in the liver (often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis), causing enlargement of the spleen and collateral veins
                                   subtype:  #secondary_hypertension__secondaryhypertension  hypertension that is secondary to another disease
                                   subtype:  #white-coat_hypertension  temporary rise in blood pressure in the doctor's office
                                subtype:  #hypotension  abnormally low blood pressure
                                   subtype:  #orthostatic_hypotension__postural_hypotension  low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
                                subtype:  #aneurysm  a sac-like widening of an artery
                                   subtype:  #aortic_aneurysm  an aneurysm of the aorta
                                   subtype:  #cerebral_aneurysm  an aneurysm of the carotid artery
                                   subtype:  #intracranial_aneurysm  an aneurysm of a cranial artery
                                   subtype:  #ventricular_aneurysm__ventricularaneurysm  a localized dilation or protrusion on the wall of the left ventricle of the heart (occurring after a myocardial infarction)
                                subtype:  #circulatory_failure__circulatoryfailure  failure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues
                             subtype:  #celiac_disease  a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
                             subtype:  #cheilosis__cheilosi__perleche  a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
                             subtype:  #choking  a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
                             subtype:  #colpoxerosis  a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
                             subtype:  #degenerative_disorder  condition leading to progressive loss of function
                                subtype:  #demyelination  loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function
                                subtype:  #dystrophy  any degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition
                                   subtype:  #osteodystrophy  defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
                                subtype:  #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis  a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
                                subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
                                subtype:  #chorea  any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
                                   subtype:  #orthochorea  a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
                                   subtype:  #Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance  chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
                                   subtype:  #tarantism  a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
                                   subtype:  #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease  hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
                             subtype:  #dysaphia  a disorder in the sense of touch
                             subtype:  #dysosmia__parosamia__ofactory_impairment  a disorder in the sense of smell
                             subtype:  #dyspahgia  condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
                             subtype:  #dysuria  painful or difficult urination
                             subtype:  #failure.disorder  loss of ability to function normally
                                subtype:  #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
                                subtype:  #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure  inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
                             subtype:  #fantods  an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
                             subtype:  #glandular_disease__glandulardisease__gland_disease__glanddisease__glandular_disorder__glandulardisorder__adenosis  a disorder of the glands of the body
                                subtype:  #hyperparathyroidism  excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
                                subtype:  #hypoparathyroidism  inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
                                subtype:  #hyperpituitarism  excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)
                                subtype:  #Addison's_disease__Addison's_syndrome__hypoadrenalism__hypoadrenocorticism  a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
                                subtype:  #adenopathy  a glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)
                                subtype:  #aldosteronism__hyperaldosteronism  a condition caused by over-production of aldosterone
                                subtype:  #Cushing's_disease__hyperadrenalism  a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
                                subtype:  #Cushing's_syndrome__hyperadrenocorticism  a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
                                subtype:  #diabetes  any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
                                   subtype:  #diabetes_mellitus__DM  diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria; "when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'"
                                      subtype:  #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes  severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
                                      subtype:  #Type_II_diabetes__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__NIDDM__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes__ketosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketosis-resistant_diabetes__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes__adult-onset_diabetes_mellitus__adult-onset_diabetes__maturity-onset_diabetes_mellitus__maturity-onset_diabetes  mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
                                      subtype:  #latent_diabetes__chemical_diabetes  a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
                                   subtype:  #diabetes_insipidus  a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst
                                      subtype:  #nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus  diabetes insipidus caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to normal levels of vasopressin
                                subtype:  #hyperthyroidism__thyrotoxicosis  an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
                                   subtype:  #Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter  exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
                                subtype:  #hypothyroidism  an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
                                   subtype:  #myxedema__myxoedema  hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
                                   subtype:  #cretinism  severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
                             subtype:  #hyperactivity  a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
                             subtype:  #impacted_tooth__impaction  a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
                             subtype:  #impaction  a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
                             subtype:  #learning_disorder__learning_disability__learningdisability  a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
                                subtype:  #dyscalculia  impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics
                                subtype:  #dysgraphia  impaired ability to learn to write
                                subtype:  #dyslexia  impaired ability to learn to read
                             subtype:  #malocclusion  (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
                                subtype:  #overbite  (dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth
                             subtype:  #mental_disorder__mental_disturbance__disturbance__psychological_disorder__psychologicaldisorder__folie  (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
                                subtype:  #anxiety_disorder__anxietydisorder  a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
                                   subtype:  #generalized_anxiety_disorder__generalizedanxietydisorder__GAD__anxiety_reaction__anxietyreaction  an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
                                   subtype:  #panic_disorder__panicdisorder  an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
                                   subtype:  #phobia__phobic_disorder__phobic_neurosis  an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; "phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias"
                                      subtype:  #agoraphobia  a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)
                                      subtype:  #simple_phobia  any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with relatively simple well-defined stimuli
                                         subtype:  #acrophobia  a morbid fear of great heights
                                         subtype:  #algophobia  a morbid fear of pain
                                         subtype:  #aquaphobia  a morbid fear of drowning
                                         subtype:  #astraphobia  a morbid fear of thunder and lightning
                                         subtype:  #claustrophobia  a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space
                                         subtype:  #cryophobia  a morbid fear of freezing
                                         subtype:  #hydrophobia  a fear of drinking liquids because swallowing is so painful (as with persons having rabies)
                                         subtype:  #hypnophobia  a morbid fear of falling asleep
                                         subtype:  #mysophobia  a morbid fear of dirt or contamination
                                         subtype:  #neophobia  a morbid fear of novelty
                                         subtype:  #nyctophobia  a morbid fear of night or darkness
                                         subtype:  #phobophobia  a morbid fear of developing a phobia
                                         subtype:  #photophobia  a morbid fear of light
                                         subtype:  #pyrophobia  a morbid fear of fire
                                         subtype:  #taphephobia  a morbid fear of being buried alive
                                         subtype:  #thanatophobia  a morbid fear of death
                                         subtype:  #triskaidekaphobia  a morbid fear of the number 13
                                         subtype:  #zoophobia  a morbid fear of animals
                                            subtype:  #acarophobia  a morbid fear of small insects and mites and worms
                                            subtype:  #ailurophobia  a morbid fear of cats
                                            subtype:  #cynophobia  a morbid fear of dogs
                                            subtype:  #entomophobia  a morbid fear of insects
                                            subtype:  #lepidophobia  a morbid fear of snakes
                                            subtype:  #musophobia  a morbid fear of mice
                                      subtype:  #social_phobia  any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with situations in which you are subject to criticism by others (as fear of eating in public or public speaking etc)
                                         subtype:  #androphobia  a morbid fear of men
                                         subtype:  #gynophobia  a morbid fear of women
                                         subtype:  #satanophobia  an abnormal fear of Satan
                                         subtype:  #school_phobia  a child's sudden fear of attending school
                                         subtype:  #traumatophobia  a morbid fear of battle or physical injury
                                         subtype:  #xenophobia  an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers
                                   subtype:  #posttraumatic_stress_disorder__PTSD  an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as guilt about surviving or reliving the trauma in dreams or numbness and lack of involvement with reality or recurrent thoughts and images
                                      subtype:  #battle_fatigue__combat_fatigue__combat_neurosis__shell_shock__shellshock  a mental disorder caused by stress of active warfare
                                subtype:  #psychosomatic_disorder__psychosomaticdisorder  a mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms
                                subtype:  #aberration  a disorder in one's mental state
                                subtype:  #conversion_disorder__conversion_reaction__conversion_hysteria  a mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause)
                                   subtype:  #glove_anesthesia__gloveanesthesia  a mental disorder involving loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist; "since no combination of nerves serve this area a glove anesthesia is clearly psychogenic in origin"
                                subtype:  #delirium  a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
                                subtype:  #delusional_disorder  any mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role
                                subtype:  #encopresis  involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
                                subtype:  #folie_a_deux__folieadeux  the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife)
                                subtype:  #personality_disorder__personalitydisorder  inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior
                                   subtype:  #maladjustment  the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability
                                   subtype:  #antisocial_personality_disorder__sociopathic_personality__psychopathic_personality  a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder; `antisocial personality disorder' is currently the preferred term)
                                   subtype:  #schizotypal_personality  characterized by symptoms similar to but less severe than schizophrenia
                                subtype:  #major_affective_disorder__majoraffectivedisorder__affective_disorder__affectivedisorder__emotional_disorder__emotionaldisorder__emotional_disturbance__emotionaldisturbance  any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant
                                   subtype:  #depressive_disorder__clinical_depression__depression  a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
                                      subtype:  #agitated_depression  a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability and restlessness
                                      subtype:  #anaclitic_depression__anacliticdepression  severe and progressive depression in infants who lose their mother and do not get a suitable substitute
                                      subtype:  #dysthymia__dysthymic_depression__dysthymicdepression  mild chronic depression; "I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
                                      subtype:  #endogenous_depression  a state of depression for which there is no apparent precipitating cause
                                      subtype:  #exogenous_depression__exogenousdepression__reactive_depression  an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief)
                                      subtype:  #major_depressive_episode  (psychiatry) a state of depression with all the classic symptoms (anhedonia and lethargy and sleep disturbance and despondency and morbid thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and sometimes attempted suicide) but with no known organic dysfunction
                                         subtype:  #involutional_depression  a major depressive episode associated with the climacteric
                                         subtype:  #unipolar_depression  a major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase that occurs in the classic form of bipolar disorder
                                      subtype:  #neurotic_depression  a term used for any state of depression that is not psychotic
                                      subtype:  #psychotic_depression__psychoticdepression  a state of depression so severe that the person loses contact with reality and suffers a variety of functional impairments
                                      subtype:  #retarded_depression  a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action
                                   subtype:  #manic_disorder__manicdisorder__mania  a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
                                      subtype:  #craze__delirium__frenzy__fury__hysteria  state of violent mental agitation
                                         subtype:  #nympholepsy  a frenzy of emotion; as for something unattainable
                                   subtype:  #bipolar_disorder__bipolardisorder__manicdepression__manicdepressiveillnes__manic-depressive_psychosis  a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
                                      subtype:  #cyclothymia__cyclothymic_disorder__cyclothymicdisorder__cyclic_disorder  a mild bipolar disorder that persists over a long time
                                subtype:  #schizothymia  resembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality
                                subtype:  #neurosis__neuroticism__psychoneurosi  a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
                                   subtype:  #hysterical_neurosis__hysteria  neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
                                      subtype:  #anxiety_hysteria__anxietyhysteria  a form of hysteria having features of both conversion disorder and anxiety neurosis
                                      subtype:  #hysterocatalepsy  hysteria with cataleptic symptoms
                                   subtype:  #anxiety_neurosis  characterized by diffuse anxiety and often somatic manifestations of fear
                                subtype:  #dissociative_disorder  dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
                                   subtype:  #depersonalization_disorder__depersonalizationdisorder__depersonalization__depersonalisation__depersonalisation_disorder__depersonalisationdisorder__depersonalization_neurosis__depersonalisation_neurosis  emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness
                                   subtype:  #psychogenic_fugue__psychogenicfugue__fugue  dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
                                   subtype:  #split_personality__splitpersonality__multiple_personality  a relatively rare dissociative disorder in which the usual integrity of the personality breaks down and two or more independent personalities emerge
                             subtype:  #metabolic_disorder__metabolicdisorder  a disorder or defect of metabolism
                                subtype:  #alkaptonuria__alcaptonuria  a rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine
                                subtype:  #inborn_error_of_metabolism  any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
                                subtype:  #lipidosis__lipidosi  a disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body
                                   subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                                   subtype:  #Gaucher's_disease  a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism probably of genetic origin
                                   subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                   subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                subtype:  #lysine_intolerance  a disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine
                                subtype:  #hyperlipoproteinemia  any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
                                   subtype:  #hyperbetalipoproteinemia  a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
                                subtype:  #hypolipoproteinemia  any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
                                   subtype:  #hypobetalipoproteinemia  a hereditary disorder characterized by low levels of beta-lipoproteins and lipids and cholesterol
                                      subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                             subtype:  #nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease  a disorder of the nervous system
                                subtype:  #brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease  any disorder or disease of the brain
                                   subtype:  #epilepsy  a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
                                      subtype:  #akinetic_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized by akinesia
                                      subtype:  #cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
                                         subtype:  #Jacksonian_epilepsy  focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
                                         subtype:  #sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy  focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
                                      subtype:  #grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
                                      subtype:  #myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease  epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
                                      subtype:  #petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence  epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
                                         subtype:  #complex_absence  petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
                                         subtype:  #pure_absence__simple_absence  petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
                                         subtype:  #subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence  transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
                                      subtype:  #posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy  a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
                                      subtype:  #procursive_epilepsy  epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
                                      subtype:  #psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
                                      subtype:  #reflex_epilepsy  a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
                                         subtype:  #musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by music
                                         subtype:  #photogenic_epilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
                                      subtype:  #status_epilepticus  a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
                                      subtype:  #tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy  epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
                                   subtype:  #apraxia  inability to make purposeful movements
                                   subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
                                   subtype:  #cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi  a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
                                   subtype:  #agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia  a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
                                   subtype:  #acataphasia  a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
                                   subtype:  #aphasia  inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
                                      subtype:  #auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness  an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
                                      subtype:  #conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia  aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
                                      subtype:  #global_aphasia__total_aphasia  loss of all ability to communicate
                                      subtype:  #motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia  aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
                                      subtype:  #nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia  inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
                                      subtype:  #transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia  a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
                                      subtype:  #visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness  inability to perceive written words
                                      subtype:  #Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia  aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
                                   subtype:  #agnosia  inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
                                   subtype:  #Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease  rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
                                   subtype:  #Wernicke's_encephalopathy  inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
                                subtype:  #motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia  inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
                                   subtype:  #Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia  sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
                                   subtype:  #hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia  nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
                                subtype:  #atopognosia__atopognosi  absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
                                subtype:  #dyskinesia  abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
                                   subtype:  #tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia  involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
                                subtype:  #chorea  any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
                                subtype:  #flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi  weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
                                subtype:  #athetosis__athetosi  a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
                                subtype:  #kuru  a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
                                subtype:  #nerve_compression__nervecompression  harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
                                   subtype:  #nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment  repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
                                      subtype:  #carpal_tunnel_syndrome  a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand
                             subtype:  #hydrocele  disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
                             subtype:  #sleep_disorder__sleepdisorder  a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
                                subtype:  #hypersomnia  an inability to stay awake
                                   subtype:  #catalepsy  a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli
                                   subtype:  #narcolepsy  a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep; "he believes that narcolepsy is attributable to an inability to suppress REM sleep during waking"
                                subtype:  #insomnia  an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
                                subtype:  #sleep_terror_disorder__pavor_nocturnus__pavornocturnu  a disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep
                                subtype:  #sleep_apnea__sleepapnea  apnea that occurs during sleep
                                   subtype:  #sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath  sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
                             subtype:  #hematocolpometra__haematocolpometra  accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
                             subtype:  #hematocolpos__haematocolpos__haematocolpo  accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
                             subtype:  #speech_disorder__speech_defect  a disorder of oral speech
                                subtype:  #anarthria  partial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system
                                subtype:  #aphonia__voicelessnes  a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
                                subtype:  #cataphasia  a speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession
                                subtype:  #dysarthria  impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature
                                subtype:  #dyslogia  impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeble-mindedness or certain psychoses)
                                subtype:  #dysphonia  speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
                                subtype:  #lallation  speech defect in which the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l'
                                subtype:  #lambdacism  speech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l'
                                subtype:  #lisp  a speech defect that involves pronouncing s like voiceless th and z like voiced th
                                subtype:  #stammer__stutter  a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds
                             subtype:  #tropical_sprue__sprue  a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and nontropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
                          subtype:  #roots__root  the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage; "his roots in Texas go back a long way"; "he went back to Sweden to search for his roots"; "his music has African roots"
                          subtype:  #hyalinization__hyalinisation  the state of being hyaline or having become hyaline: "the patient's arterioles showed marked hyalinization"
                          subtype:  #vacuolization__vacuolation  the state of having become filled with vacuoles
                          subtype:  #protuberance  the condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out; "the protuberance of his belly"
                          subtype:  #curvature.state  (medical) a curving or bending; often abnormal; "curvature of the spine"
                          subtype:  #psychological_state__psychologicalstate__mental_state  a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; "a manic state"
                             subtype:  #state_of_mind__frame_of_mind  a temporary psychological state
                                subtype:  #case.state_of_mind  a specific state of mind that is temporary; "a case of the jitters"
                                subtype:  #thinking_cap  a state in which one thinks
                             subtype:  #abulia__aboulia  a loss of will power
                             subtype:  #anhedonia  an inability to experience pleasure
                             subtype:  #depersonalization__depersonalisation  (existentialism) a loss of personal identity; a feeling of being an anonymous cog in a stupid social machine
                             subtype:  #hypnosis  a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion
                                subtype:  #self-hypnosis__self-suggestion__autosuggestion  hypnosis induced by yourself
                             subtype:  #fugue.psychological_state  a dreamlike state of altered consciousness that may last for hours or days
                             subtype:  #trauma  an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects
                             subtype:  #morale  a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose
                             subtype:  #anxiousness__anxiety  a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders
                                subtype:  #castration_anxiety  (psychoanalysis) anxiety resulting from real or imagined threats to your sexual functions; originally applied only to men but can in principal apply to women
                                subtype:  #hypochondria__hypochondriasis__hypochondriasi  chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments
                                subtype:  #overanxiety  excessive anxiety
                                subtype:  #scare__panic  sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events; "panic in the stock market"; "a war scare"
                                   subtype:  #red_scare__redscare  a period of general fear of communists
                             subtype:  #hallucinosis  a mental state in which the person has continual hallucinations
                             subtype:  #identity_crisis  distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society
                             subtype:  #jitters__jitter__nervousness__nervousnes__nerve__screaming_meemies__screamingmeemie  an uneasy state; "he suffered an attack of nerves"
                                subtype:  #nervous_strain__nervousstrain__strain__mental_strain  nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
                                   subtype:  #tenseness__tensenes__stress  a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor"
                                      subtype:  #breaking_point.tenseness__breakingpoint  stress at which a person breaks down or a situation becomes crucial
                             subtype:  #psychotic_belief__psychoticbelief__delusion  an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary
                                subtype:  #delusions_of_grandeur  a delusion (common in paranoia) that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are
                                subtype:  #delusions_of_persecution  a delusion (common in paranoia) that others are out to get you and frustrate and embarrass you or inflict suffering on you; a complicated conspiracy is frequently imagined
                                subtype:  #hallucination  illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder
                                   subtype:  #auditory_hallucination__acousma  illusory auditory perception of strange nonverbal sounds
                                   subtype:  #pseudohallucination  an image vivid enough to be a hallucination but recognized as unreal
                                   subtype:  #trip.hallucination  a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs; "an acid trip"
                                   subtype:  #visual_hallucination  illusory visual perception
                                      subtype:  #chromatism.visual_hallucination  hallucinatory perception of colored lights
                                      subtype:  #pink_elephants  any visual hallucination arising from heavy drinking
                                      subtype:  #zoopsia  visual hallucination of animals; sometimes occurring in delirium tremens
                                subtype:  #nihilistic_delusion__nihilism  the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
                                subtype:  #somatic_delusion__somaticdelusion  an delusion concerning the body image or parts of the body
                                subtype:  #zoanthropy  the delusion that you have assumed the form of an animal
                             subtype:  #mental_health  the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
                                subtype:  #mental_soundness__mental_balance  the healthy psychological state of someone with good judgment
                                subtype:  #sanity__saneness  normal or sound powers of mind
                                   subtype:  #lucidity  a lucid state of mind; not confused
                                   subtype:  #rationality__reasonableness  the state of having good sense and sound judgment; "his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions"
                             subtype:  #mental_illness__mental_disease__psychopathy  any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
                                subtype:  #megalomania  a psychological state characterized by delusions of grandeur
                                subtype:  #insanity  relatively permanent disorder of the mind
                                   subtype:  #lunacy__madness__insaneness  obsolete terms for legal insanity
                                   subtype:  #dementia__dementedness  mental deterioration of organic or functional origin
                                      subtype:  #alcoholic_dementia__alcoholicdementia__alcohol_amnestic_disorder__Korsakoff's_psychosis__Korsakoff's_syndrome__Korsakov's_psychosis__Korsakov's_syndrome__polyneuritic_psychosis  dementia observed during the last stages of severe chronic alcoholism; involves loss of memory for recent events although long term memory is intact
                                      subtype:  #presenile_dementia__preseniledementia  dementia with onset before the age of 65
                                         subtype:  #Alzheimer's_disease__Alzheimer's__Alzheimers  a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness
                                         subtype:  #Pick's_disease  a progressive form of presenile dementia found most often in middle-aged and elderly women and characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes with loss of intellectual ability and transitory aphasia
                                      subtype:  #senile_dementia__senile_psychosis  dementia of the aged; results from degeneration of the brain in the absence of cerebrovascular disease
                                   subtype:  #irrationality__unreason  the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding
                                   subtype:  #mental_unsoundness__derangement__unbalance  a state of mental disturbance and disorientation
                                   subtype:  #daftness__craziness__crazines__flakines  informal terms for insanity
                                subtype:  #psychosis__psychosi  any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted
                                   subtype:  #delirium_tremens__DTs__blue_devils  acute delirium caused by alcohol poisoning
                                   subtype:  #paranoia  a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur
                                   subtype:  #schizophrenia__schizophrenic_disorder__schizophrenicdisorder__schizophrenic_psychosis__dementia_praecox  any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact
                                      subtype:  #borderline_schizophrenia__latent_schizophrenia  schizophrenia characterized by mild symptoms or by some preexisting tendency to schizophrenia
                                      subtype:  #catatonic_schizophrenia__catatonicschizophrenia__catatonic_type_schizophrenia__catatonia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement
                                      subtype:  #hebephrenia__hebephrenic_schizophrenia__hebephrenicschizophrenia__disorganized_schizophrenia__disorganized_type_schizophrenia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions
                                      subtype:  #paranoid_schizophrenia__paranoic_type_schizophrenia__paraphrenic_schizophrenia__paraphrenicschizophrenia__paraphrenia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner
                                      subtype:  #acute_schizophrenic_episode__acuteschizophrenicepisode__reactive_schizophrenia  schizophrenia of abrupt onset and relatively short duration (a few weeks or months)
                             subtype:  #agitation.psychological_state  a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance
                                subtype:  #disturbance.agitation__perturbation__upset  an unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didn't realize the upset she caused me"
                                subtype:  #swither__fret__stew__sweat__lather  agitation resulting from active worry; "don't get in a stew"; "he's in a sweat about exams"
                                subtype:  #dither__pother__fuss__tizzy__flap  an excited state of agitation; "he was in a dither"; "there was a terrible flap about the theft"
                                subtype:  #tailspin  loss of emotional control often resulting in emotional collapse
                             subtype:  #depression.psychological_state  a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
                                subtype:  #melancholia  extreme depression characterized by tearful sadness and irrational fears
                                subtype:  #megrims__megrim__blues__blue  an informal term for a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues"
                                subtype:  #blue_funk__funk  a state of nervous depression; "he was in a funk"
                                subtype:  #melancholy.depression  a constitutional tendency to be gloomy and depressed
                                subtype:  #slough_of_despond  (formal) extreme depression
                                subtype:  #low_spirits__lowspirit  a state of mild depression
                                   subtype:  #dumps__dump__mopes__mope  (informal) "in the dumps"; "have the mopes"
                                subtype:  #dejection  a state of melancholy depression
                             subtype:  #elation  an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression
                                subtype:  #bliss__blis__blissfulnes__cloud_nine__cloudnine__seventh_heaven__seventhheaven__walking_on_air  a state of extreme happiness
                                   subtype:  #ecstasy  a state of elated bliss
                                subtype:  #high_induced_by_drug_or_alcohol__high  a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on"
                                subtype:  #high.elation  a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days"
                             subtype:  #vexation__irritation__annoyance  the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
                                subtype:  #botheration  the state of being bothered
                                subtype:  #huff__miff__seeing_red  a state of irritation or annoyance
                                subtype:  #pinprick.vexation  a minor annoyance
                                subtype:  #restlessness.vexation__impatience  a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay
                                subtype:  #snit  a state of agitated irritation; "he was in a snit"
                             subtype:  #enchantment__trance  a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
                                subtype:  #possession.enchantment  being controlled by passion or the supernatural
                                subtype:  #fascination  the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror)
                             subtype:  #disassociation__dissociation  a state in which some integrated part of a person's life becomes separated from the rest of the personality and functions independently
                                subtype:  #compartmentalization__compartmentalisation  a mild state of dissociation
                                subtype:  #dissociative_disorder  dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
                          subtype:  #difficulty.state  a situation or condition almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome: "grappling with financial difficulties"
                             subtype:  #bitch.difficulty  (slang) an unpleasant difficulty; "this problem is a real bitch"
                             subtype:  #predicament__quandary__plight  a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one: "finds himself in a most awkward predicament"; "the woeful plight of homeless people"
                                subtype:  #care  a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
                                subtype:  #corner.predicament__box  a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible; "his lying got him into a tight corner"
                                subtype:  #hot_water  a dangerous or distressing predicament; "his views on race got him into political hot water"
                             subtype:  #rattrap.difficulty  a difficult entangling situation
                             subtype:  #pinch.difficulty  a painful or straitened circumstance: "the pinch of the recession"
                             subtype:  #muddle__fix__hole__jam__mess__pickle__kettle_of_fish  informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage"
                             subtype:  #hard_time  a difficulty that can be overcome with effort; "we had a hard time getting here"
                             subtype:  #stress.difficulty__strain  difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension: "she endured the stresses and strains of life"; "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
                             subtype:  #problem.difficulty__job  a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog"
                                subtype:  #race_problem  a social and political problem caused by conflict between races occupying the same or adjacent regions
                                subtype:  #balance-of-payments_problem  an economic problem caused by payments for imports being greater than receipts for exports
                             subtype:  #urinary_hesitancy__urinaryhesitancy  difficulty in beginning the flow of urine; associated with prostate enlargement in men and with narrowing of the urethral opening in women; may be caused by emotional stress in either men or women
                             subtype:  #wall.difficulty  a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
                          subtype:  #improvement.state  a condition superior to an earlier condition: "the new school represents a great improvement"
                             subtype:  #betterment  an improvement that adds to the value of a property or facility
                             subtype:  #development.improvement  a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen"
                                subtype:  #underdevelopment.development  state of inadequate development: "much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry"
                             subtype:  #renovation__restoration  the state of being restored to its former good condition; "the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house"
                          subtype:  #decline  a condition inferior to an earlier condition
                             subtype:  #disuse__neglect  the state of something that has been unused and neglected; "the house was in a terrible state of neglect"
                                subtype:  #omission.disuse  something that has been omitted; "she searched the table for omissions"
                             subtype:  #twilight.decline  a condition of decline following successes; "in the twilight of the empire"
                             subtype:  #wreck  something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; "the house was a wreck when they bought it"; "thanks to that quack I am a human wreck"
                          subtype:  #ennoblement.state  the state of being noble
                          subtype:  #ascendance__dominance__ascendence__ascendancy__ascendency__control  the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
                             subtype:  #ascendant__ascendent  position or state of being dominant or in control: "that idea was in the ascendant"
                             subtype:  #supremacy__domination__mastery  power to dominate or defeat; "mastery of the seas"
                                subtype:  #transcendency__transcendence__superiority  the state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond usual limits
                             subtype:  #predominance__predomination  the state of being predominant over others
                             subtype:  #dominion__rule  dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"; "the rule of Caesar"
                                subtype:  #paramountcy  the state of being paramount; the highest rank or authority
                                subtype:  #raj  British dominion over India (1757-1947)
                                subtype:  #reign.dominion__sovereignty  royal authority; the dominion of a monarch
                                   subtype:  #scepter__sceptre  the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter
                                subtype:  #suzerainty.dominion  the position or authority of a suzerain: "under the suzerainty of..."
                             subtype:  #tyranny__absolutism__despotism  dominance through threat of punishment and violence
                             subtype:  #monopoly.ascendance  exclusive control or possession of something; "They have no monopoly on intelligence"
                          subtype:  #comfort.state__comfortableness__comfortablenes  a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; "he is a man who enjoys his comfort"; "she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair"
                             subtype:  #relief.comfort__ease  the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease"
                                subtype:  #respite__reprieve  a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort
                             subtype:  #solace__solacement  comfort in disappointment or misery
                             subtype:  #coziness__cosiness__snugness  a state of warm snug comfort
                             subtype:  #convenience  the state of being suitable or opportune; "chairs arranged for his own convenience"
                          subtype:  #discomfort__uncomfortableness__uncomfortablenes  the state of being tense and feeling pain
                             subtype:  #incommodiousness__inconvenience  an inconvenient discomfort
                             subtype:  #malaise__unease__uneasiness  physical discomfort (as mild sickness or depression)
                             subtype:  #hangover__katzenjammer  disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol)
                          subtype:  #need__demand  a condition requiring relief; "she satisfied his need for affection"; "God has no need of men to accomplish His work"; "there is a demand for jobs"
                             subtype:  #lack__deficiency__want  the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost"
                                subtype:  #absence.lack  the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
                                   subtype:  #nonoccurrence  absence by virtue of not occurring
                                   subtype:  #awayness  the state of being elsewhere than in particular place
                                subtype:  #dearth__famine__shortage  a severe shortage (especially a shortage of food)
                                subtype:  #mineral_deficiency__mineraldeficiency  lack of a mineral micronutrient that is essential for normal nutrition or metabolism
                                   subtype:  #sideropenia  a deficiency of iron; results from inadequate iron in the diet or from hemorrhage
                                subtype:  #stringency__tightness__tightnes  a state occasioned by scarcity of money and a shortage of credit
                             subtype:  #necessity  the condition of being essential or indispensable
                                subtype:  #requisiteness__requisitenes  the state of being absolutely required
                                subtype:  #urgency  the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
                                   subtype:  #hurry__haste  a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry; "in a hurry to lock the door"
                                   subtype:  #imperativeness__insistence__insistency__press__pres  the state of urgently demanding notice or attention; "the press of business matters"
                                   subtype:  #criticalness__criticality__cruciality  a state of critical urgency
                          subtype:  #fullness  the condition of being filled to capacity
                             subtype:  #satiety__repletion__satiation  the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more
                             subtype:  #excess__surfeit  the state of being more than full
                             subtype:  #solidity  state of having the interior filled with matter
                             subtype:  #infestation  the state of being overrun in unpleasantly large numbers (as by parasites)
                                subtype:  #fascioliasis__fasciolosis__fasciolosi  infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot
                                subtype:  #fasciolopsiasis__fasciolopsiasi  infestation with the large intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski; common in eastern Asia
                                subtype:  #enterobiasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
                                subtype:  #schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
                                subtype:  #trichinosis__trichinosi__trichiniasis__myositis_trichinosa  infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted
                                subtype:  #acariasis__acariasi__acariosis__acariosi__acaridiasis__acaridiasi  infestation with itch mites
                                subtype:  #ascariasis  infestation of the human intestine with Ascaris roundworms
                                subtype:  #coccidiosis__coccidiosi  (veterinary medicine) infestation with coccidia
                                subtype:  #echinococcosis__hydatid_disease__hydatidosis  infestation with larval echinococci (tapeworms)
                                subtype:  #helminthiasis__helminthiasi  infestation of the body with parasitic worms
                                   subtype:  #hookworm_disease__hookworm  infestation of the intestines by hookworms which enter the body (usually) through the skin
                                subtype:  #myiasis  infestation of the body by the larvae of flies (usually through a wound or other opening) or any disease resulting from such infestation
                                subtype:  #onchocerciasis__river_blindness  infestation with slender threadlike roundworms (filaria) deposited under the skin by the bite of black fleas; when the eyes are involved it can result in blindness; common in Africa and tropical America
                                subtype:  #opisthorchiasis  infestation with flukes obtained from eating raw fish; common in eastern Asia
                                subtype:  #pediculosis__pediculosi__lousiness__lousines  infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_capitis__pediculosiscapiti__head_lice  infestation of the scalp with lice
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_corporis  infestation of body skin with lice
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_pubis__pediculosispubi__crabs__crab  infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice
                                subtype:  #trombiculiasis  infestation with chiggers
                                subtype:  #trichuriasis  infestation by a roundworm; common in tropical areas with poor sanitation
                          subtype:  #emptiness__emptines  the state of containing nothing
                             subtype:  #blankness__blanknes  the state of being blank; void; emptiness
                             subtype:  #hollowness  the state of being hollow: having an empty space within
                             subtype:  #vacancy  being unoccupied
                             subtype:  #vacuousness__vacuousnes  total absence of matter
                             subtype:  #vacuum__vacuity  the absence of matter
                          subtype:  #nakedness__nakednes__nudeness  the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind
                             subtype:  #nude  as in the phrase "They swam in the nude"
                             subtype:  #raw__altogether__birthday_suit  informal terms for nakedness; "in the raw"; "in the altogether"; "in his birthday suit"
                             subtype:  #undress__undres  partial or complete nakedness; "a state of undress"
                             subtype:  #bareness  the state of being unclothed and exposed (especially of a part of the body)
                          subtype:  #baldness__hairlessness__phalacrosis__phalacrosi  the condition of having no hair (especially on the top of the head)
                             subtype:  #alopecia  loss of hair (especially on the head) or wool or feathers; in humans it can result from heredity or hormonal imbalance or certain diseases or drugs and treatments (chemotherapy for cancer)
                                subtype:  #alopecia_areata  patchy baldness
                             subtype:  #male-patterned_baldness  loss of hair on the crown of the head
                          subtype:  #dishabille__deshabille  the state of being carelessly or partially dressed
                             subtype:  #shirtsleeves  not wearing a jacket; "in your shirtsleeves" means you are not wearing anything over your shirt; "in hot weather they dined in their shirtsleeves"
                          subtype:  #hopefulness.state  full of hope
                             subtype:  #confidence.hopefulness  a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable; "public confidence in the economy"
                             subtype:  #anticipation.hopefulness__expectation  wishing with confidence of fulfillment
                          subtype:  #despair.state__desperation  a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; "they were rescued from despair at the last minute"
                          subtype:  #pureness__purity  being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material
                             subtype:  #plainness.pureness__plainnes  the state of being unmixed with other material; "the plainness of vanilla ice cream"
                          subtype:  #impureness__impurity  the condition of being impure
                             subtype:  #adulteration__debasement  being mixed with extraneous material
                             subtype:  #admixture__alloy  the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something
                             subtype:  #taint__contamination  the state of being contaminated
                                subtype:  #dust_contamination.taint__dustcontamination  state of being contaminated with dust
                             subtype:  #dirtiness__dirtines  the state of containing dirty impurities
                             subtype:  #putridity  the state of being putrid
                             subtype:  #pollution  undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
                                subtype:  #biodegradable_pollution__biodegradablepollution  pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
                                subtype:  #nonbiodegradable_pollution  pollution that accumulates in the environment and may appear in the food chain
                                subtype:  #air_pollution__airpollution  pollution of the air; "air pollution reduced the visibility"
                                   subtype:  #acid_rain__acid_precipitation  rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
                                   subtype:  #industrial_pollution  pollution resulting from an industrial plant discharging pollutants into the air
                                   subtype:  #miasma  unhealthy vapors rising from the ground or other sources; "the miasma of the marshes"; "a miasma of cigar smoke"
                                   subtype:  #smog__smogginess  air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog
                                subtype:  #noise_pollution__noisepollution__sound_pollution__soundpollution  annoying and potentially harmful environmental noise
                                subtype:  #thermal_pollution__thermalpollution  harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive waste heat into them
                                subtype:  #water_pollution__waterpollution  pollution of the water in rivers and lakes
                          subtype:  #financial_condition__financialcondition__economic_condition  the condition of finances
                             subtype:  #easy_money  the economic condition in which credit is easy to secure
                             subtype:  #tight_money__tightmoney  the economic condition in which credit is difficult to secure
                             subtype:  #solvency  the ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due
                             subtype:  #insolvency  lacking financial resources
                                subtype:  #bankruptcy.insolvency  inability to discharge all your debts as they come due
                             subtype:  #credit_crunch__liquidity_crisis  a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers
                             subtype:  #slump__depression__economic_crisis  a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
                                subtype:  #Great_Depression  the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
                             subtype:  #full_employment  the economic condition when everyone who wishes to work at the going wage-rate for their type of labor is employed
                             subtype:  #prosperity  an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
                                subtype:  #boom.prosperity  a state of economic prosperity
                             subtype:  #wealthiness__wealthines  the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money: "great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence"
                                subtype:  #circumstances.wealthiness__circumstance  the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; "each person was helped according to his circumstances"
                                subtype:  #affluence__richness  abundant wealth
                                   subtype:  #ease.affluence__comfort  a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state: "a life of luxury and ease"; "he had all the material comforts of this world"
                                      subtype:  #lap_of_luxury__lapofluxury  in conditions of wealth and comfort; "he was raised in the lap of luxury"
                                subtype:  #luxuriousness__luxuriousnes__opulence__sumptuousness__sumptuousnes  wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living
                                subtype:  #mammon  wealth regarded as an evil influence
                                subtype:  #silver_spoon  inherited wealth; "he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth"
                                subtype:  #sufficiency  sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations; "her father questioned the young suitor's sufficiency"
                             subtype:  #poverty__poorness__impoverishment  the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions
                                subtype:  #deprivation__privation__want  a state of extreme poverty
                                subtype:  #destitution  a state without friends or money or prospects
                                subtype:  #indigence__need__penury__beggary__pauperism  a state of extreme poverty or destitution; "their indigence appalled him"; "a general state of need exists among the homeless"
                                subtype:  #impecuniousness__pennilessness__pennilessnes__penuriousnes  a state of lacking money
                             subtype:  #shakeout  a financial condition that results in the elimination of marginally financed participants in an industry; "they glutted the market in order to cause a shakeout of their competitors"
                             subtype:  #wage_setter  any financial condition or variable that serves to set wage rates
                          subtype:  #sanitary_condition  the state of sanitation (clean or dirty)
                             subtype:  #sanitariness  the state of being conducive to health
                                subtype:  #hygiene  a condition promoting sanitary practices; "personal hygiene"
                                subtype:  #asepsis__asepsi__antisepsis__sterility__sterileness__sterilenes  (of non-living objects) the state of being free of pathogenic organisms
                                subtype:  #sanitation  the state of being clean and conducive to health
                             subtype:  #unsanitariness  a state that is not conducive to health
                                subtype:  #filthiness__filth__foulness__nastiness__nastines  a state characterized by foul or disgusting dirt and refuse
                                subtype:  #dunghill  a foul or degraded condition
                             subtype:  #cleanness.sanitary_condition__cleannes  the state of being clean; without dirt or other impurities
                                subtype:  #spotlessness__immaculateness  the state of being spotlessly clean
                             subtype:  #uncleanness__uncleannes__dirtines  the state of being unsanitary
                                subtype:  #filth__dirt__grime__soil__stain__grease__grunge  the state of being covered with unclean things
                                subtype:  #befoulment__defilement__pollution  the state of being polluted
                                subtype:  #griminess__grimines__grubbines  the state of being grimy
                                subtype:  #sordidness__squalor__squalidness__squalidnes  sordid dirtiness
                                subtype:  #dinginess__dingines  discoloration due to dirtiness
                                subtype:  #sootiness__sootines__smuttines  the state of being dirty with soot
                          subtype:  #tilth  the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth
                          subtype:  #orderliness__order  a condition of regular or proper arrangement: "he put his desk in order"; "the machine is now in working order"
                             subtype:  #spit_and_polish  careful attention to order and appearance (as in the military)
                             subtype:  #kilter__kelter  in working order; "out of kilter"; "in good kilter"
                             subtype:  #tidiness  the habit of being tidy
                                subtype:  #spruceness__neatness  the state of being neat and smart and trim
                                   subtype:  #trimness__trim  a state of arrangement or appearance: "in good trim"
                          subtype:  #disorderliness__disorder  a condition in which things are not in their expected places: "the files are in complete disorder"
                             subtype:  #shambles  a condition of great disorder
                             subtype:  #untidiness  the condition of being untidy
                                subtype:  #sloppiness__slovenliness__unkemptness__unkemptnes  untidiness in personal appearance
                                   subtype:  #shagginess.sloppiness  unkemptness of hair
                             subtype:  #muss__mess__messiness__messines__mussines  a state of confusion and disorderliness; "the house was a mess"; "she smoothed the mussiness of the bed"
                             subtype:  #disorganization__disarrangement  a condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted
                             subtype:  #jumble__clutter__muddle__mare's_nest__welter__smother  a confused multitude of things
                                subtype:  #rummage  a jumble of things to be given away
                          subtype:  #normality.state__normalcy  being within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning
                             subtype:  #averageness  the state of being that is average; indicates normality but with connotations of mediocrity
                             subtype:  #commonness__expectedness  the state of being that is commonly observed
                             subtype:  #typicality  the state of being that is typical
                          subtype:  #abnormalcy__abnormality__abnormal_condition  an abnormal condition
                             subtype:  #acardia  congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
                             subtype:  #acephalia__acephaly__acephalism  absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
                             subtype:  #acorea  absence of the pupil in an eye
                             subtype:  #acromicria__acromikria  abnormally small extremities (underdeveloped fingers and toes)
                             subtype:  #acromphalus__acromphalu  abnormal protrusion of the navel; sometimes the start of umbilical hernia
                             subtype:  #amastia  absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
                             subtype:  #aneuploidy  an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)
                             subtype:  #anorchism__anorchidism__anorchia  absence of one of both testes
                             subtype:  #asynclitism__obliquity  the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle
                             subtype:  #atresia  an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent
                             subtype:  #brachytactyly__brachydactylia  abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
                             subtype:  #cryptorchidy__cryptorchidism__cryptorchism  failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
                                subtype:  #monorchism__monorchidism  failure of one testes to descend into the scrotum
                             subtype:  #deviated_septum__deviatedseptum  abnormal displacement of any wall that separates two chambers (usually in the nasal cavity)
                                subtype:  #deviated_nasal_septum  abnormal shift in location of the nasal septum; a common condition causing obstruction of the nasal passages and difficulty in breathing and recurrent nosebleeds
                             subtype:  #dextrocardia  abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest
                             subtype:  #ectrodactyly  congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
                             subtype:  #erethism  an abnormally high degree of irritability or sensitivity or excitability
                             subtype:  #fetal_distress__foetal_distress  an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
                             subtype:  #hepatomegaly__megalohepatia  abnormal enlargement of the liver
                             subtype:  #inversion.abnormalcy  abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
                             subtype:  #pneumothorax  abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)
                             subtype:  #macrencephaly  an abnormally large braincase
                             subtype:  #hydatid_mole__hydatidmole__hydatidiform_mole__molar_pregnancy__molarpregnancy  an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around an aborting embryo degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs
                             subtype:  #hydramnios  an abnormality of pregnancy; accumulation of excess amniotic fluid
                             subtype:  #hypervitaminosis  an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K
                             subtype:  #hypospadias__hypospadia  an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis
                             subtype:  #lagophthalmos__lagophthalmo  abnormal condition in which an eye cannot close completely
                             subtype:  #mental_abnormality  any abnormality of mental function
                                subtype:  #organic_brain_syndrome__organicbrainsyndrome  mental abnormality resulting from disturbance of the structure or function of the brain
                             subtype:  #nanophthalmos__nanophthalmo  condition in which both eyes are abnormally small but otherwise normal
                             subtype:  #palmature  an abnormality in which the fingers are webbed
                             subtype:  #dysplasia  abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
                                subtype:  #aplasia  failure of some tissue or organ to develop
                                subtype:  #fibrous_dysplasia_of_bone  a disturbance in which bone that is undergoing lysis is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting in bone lesions or skin lesions
                                   subtype:  #Albright's_disease__polyostotic_fibrous_dysplasia__polyostoticfibrousdysplasia  fibrous dysplasia of bone affecting multiple bones
                                   subtype:  #monostotic_fibrous_dysplasia  fibrous dysplasia of bone confined to a single bone
                                subtype:  #hypertrophy  abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
                                   subtype:  #adenomegaly  gland enlargement
                                   subtype:  #cor_pulmonale__corpulmonale  enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart due to disease of the lungs or of the pulmonary blood vessels
                                   subtype:  #dactylomegaly  abnormally large fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #elephantiasis__elephantiasi  hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis
                                      subtype:  #elephantiasis_neuromatosa__elephantiasisneuromatosa  hypertrophy of a limb
                                      subtype:  #elephantiasis_scroti__elephantiasisscroti__chyloderma  swelling of the scrotum resulting from chronic lymphatic obstruction
                                      subtype:  #nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma  thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
                                   subtype:  #splenomegaly  an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
                                   subtype:  #giantism__gigantism__overgrowth  excessive size; usually caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
                                   subtype:  #acromegaly__acromegalia  enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face; often accompanied by headache and muscle pain and emotional disturbances; caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland (due to a tumor)
                                subtype:  #hyperplasia  abnormal increase in number of cells
                                   subtype:  #benign_prostatic_hyperplasia__BPH  enlarged prostate; appears to be part of the natural aging process
                                subtype:  #hypoplasia  underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells
                                subtype:  #anaplasia  loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
                             subtype:  #hydrocephalus__hydrocephalu__hydrocephaly  an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
                             subtype:  #abrachia  the condition of having no arms
                             subtype:  #progeria  a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (gray hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child
                             subtype:  #atypicality__untypicality  any state that is not typical
                             subtype:  #arrested_development__fixation__infantile_fixation__infantilefixation__regression  an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely
                             subtype:  #aberrance__aberrancy__aberration__deviance  an aberrant state or condition
                                subtype:  #chromosomal_aberration__chromosomalaberration__chromosomal_anomaly__chromosomalanomaly__chrosomal_abnormality__chrosomalabnormality__chromosonal_disorder__chromosonaldisorder  any change in the normal structure or number of chromosomes; often results in physical or mental abnormalities
                                   subtype:  #monosomy  chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
                                   subtype:  #trisomy  chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
                                      subtype:  #mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21  a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #sex-linked_disorder  any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones; "hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome"
                                      subtype:  #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease  congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
                                      subtype:  #Turner's_syndrome  a chromosomal disorder in females who have only one X chromosome; marked by dwarfism and heart abnormalities and underdeveloped sex organs
                                subtype:  #deflection__warp  a twist or aberration; especially a perverse or abnormal way of judging or acting
                             subtype:  #cyclopia  a developmental abnormality in which there is only one eye
                             subtype:  #spinal_curvature  an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #kyphosis__humpback__hunchback  an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #lordosis__hollow-back  an abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #scoliosis__scoliosi  an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
                             subtype:  #subnormality  the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
                             subtype:  #anomalousness__anomalousnes  deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
                                subtype:  #birth_defect__birthdefect__congenital_anomaly__congenital_defect__congenital_disorder__congenital_abnormality  a defect that is present at birth
                                   subtype:  #ablepharia  a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
                                   subtype:  #albinism  the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
                                   subtype:  #anencephaly__anencephalia  a defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres
                                   subtype:  #ametria  congenital absence of the uterus
                                   subtype:  #color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency  genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
                                   subtype:  #epispadias  a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis
                                   subtype:  #clinocephaly__clinocephalism  a congenital defect in which the top of the head is depressed (concave instead of convex)
                                   subtype:  #clinodactyly  a congenital defect in which one or more toes or fingers are abnormally positioned
                                   subtype:  #macroglossia  a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome
                                   subtype:  #mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21  a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #oxycephaly__acrocephaly  a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
                                   subtype:  #cleft_lip__cleftlip__harelip__cheiloschisis__cheiloschisi  a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip
                                   subtype:  #cleft_palate__cleftpalate  a congenital fissure of the hard palate
                                   subtype:  #amelia  congenital absence of an arm or leg
                                   subtype:  #meromelia  congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
                                      subtype:  #adactylia__adactyly__adactylism  congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
                                      subtype:  #phocomelia__seal_limbs  an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps; rare condition that results from taking thalidomide during pregnancy
                                   subtype:  #encephalocele  protrusion of brain tissue through a congenital fissure in the skull
                                   subtype:  #familial_hypercholesterolemia  congenital disorder characterized by high levels of cholesterol and early development of atherosclerosis
                                   subtype:  #meningocele  a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)
                                   subtype:  #myelomeningocele  a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #plagiocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
                                   subtype:  #polysomy  congenital defect of having one or more extra chromosomes in somatic cells
                                   subtype:  #hermaphroditism  congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
                                   subtype:  #pseudohermaphroditism  congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex
                                   subtype:  #scaphocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #congenital_heart_defect  a birth defect involving the heart
                                      subtype:  #septal_defect  a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart
                                         subtype:  #atrial_septal_defect  an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the heart
                                         subtype:  #ventricular_septal_defect  a common congenital heart defect; an abnormal opening in the septum dividing the ventricles allows blood to pass directly from the left to the right ventricle; large openings may cause congestive heart failure
                                      subtype:  #tetralogy_of_Fallot__Fallot's_tetralogy__Fallot's_syndrome  a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
                                   subtype:  #spina_bifida__spinabifida__rachischisis__schistorrhachis__schistorrhachi  a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
                                   subtype:  #spinocerebellar_disorder__spinocerebellardisorder  any of several congenital disorders marked by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord resulting in spasticity and ataxia
                                   subtype:  #polydactyly__hyperdactyly  birth defect (in humans) characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #syndactyly__syndactylism  birth defect (in humans) in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #tongue_tie__ankyloglossia  a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue
                             subtype:  #gynecomastia  excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)
                             subtype:  #infantilism.abnormalcy  an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics
                                subtype:  #ateleiosis__ateliosis__ateliosi  a form of infantilism characterized by physical underdevelopment but normal intelligence
                             subtype:  #macrocephaly__megacephaly__megalocephaly  an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical
                             subtype:  #microbrachia  abnormally small arms
                             subtype:  #microcephaly__microcephalus__microcephalu__nanocephaly  an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
                             subtype:  #pachycheilia  an abnormal thickness of the lips
                             subtype:  #phimosis  an abnormal tightness of the foreskin preventing retraction over the glans
                             subtype:  #sequela  any abnormality following or resulting from a disease or injury or treatment; "paralysis is one of the sequelae of poliomyelitis"
                             subtype:  #strabismus__squint  abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
                                subtype:  #cross-eye__crosseye__crossed_eye__crossedeye__convergent_strabismus__esotropia  strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
                                subtype:  #walleye__divergent_strabismus__exotropia  strabismus in which one or both eyes are directed outward
                             subtype:  #torticollis__torticolli__wryneck  an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted
                             subtype:  #varix  abnormally enlarged or twisted blood vessel or lymphatic vessel
                                subtype:  #varicosity  varix or varicose condition in which a vein is swollen and tortuous
                          subtype:  #lactosuria  presence of lactose in the urine; can occur during pregnancy or lactation
                          subtype:  #environmental_condition__environmentalcondition  the state of the environment
                          subtype:  #climate__mood  the prevailing psychological state; "the climate of opinion"; "the national mood had changed radically since the last election"
                          subtype:  #ambience__atmosphere__ambiance  a particular environment or surrounding influence; "there was an atmosphere of excitement"
                          subtype:  #unsusceptibility__immunity  the state of not being susceptible: "unsusceptibility to rust"
                          subtype:  #immunity.state__resistance  (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease
                          subtype:  #subservience  the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan; "all his actions were in subservience to the general plan"
                          subtype:  #susceptibility__susceptibleness__susceptiblenes  the state of being susceptible; easily affected
                          subtype:  #wetness__wetnes  the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); "he confirmed the wetness of the paint"
                          subtype:  #dryness__drynes__waterlessnes__xerote  the condition of not containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water)
                          subtype:  #safety.state  the state of being safe; "the safety of the children"
                          subtype:  #danger.state  the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; "you are in no danger"; "there was widespread danger of disease"
                          subtype:  #tensity__tension__tenseness__tensenes__tautnes  the physical condition of being stretched or strained; "it places great tension on the leg muscles"; "he could feel the tenseness of her body"
                          subtype:  #atonicity__atony__atonia__amyotonia  lack of normal muscular tension or tonus
                          subtype:  #repair.state  a formal way of referring to the condition of something; "the building was in good repair"
                          subtype:  #soundness__soundnes  a state or condition free from damage or decay
                          subtype:  #mutism  the condition of being unable or unwilling to speak
                          subtype:  #eye_condition__eyecondition  the condition of the optical properties of the eye
                          subtype:  #unsoundness__unsoundnes  a condition of damage or decay
                          subtype:  #iniquity__wickedness__darkness__dark  absence of moral or spiritual values; "the powers of darkness"
                          subtype:  #light.state__illumination  a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow God's light"
                          subtype:  #malady  any unwholesome or desperate condition; "what maladies afflict our nation?"
                          subtype:  #serration.state  the condition of being serrated; "the serrations of a city skyline"
                          subtype:  #fruition  the condition of bearing fruit
                          subtype:  #impaction.state  the condition of being pressed closely together and firmly fixed
                          subtype:  #rustication.state  the condition naturally attaching to life in the country
                          subtype:  pm#perfect_condition__perfectcondition
                          subtype:  pm#worn
                       subtype:  #conditionality  the state of being conditional
                       subtype:  #state_of_affairs__situation  the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; "the present international situation is dangerous"; "wondered how such a state of affairs had come about"; "eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation"- Franklin D.Roosevelt
                       subtype:  #relationship  a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); "he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship"
                       subtype:  #relationship.state  a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries
                       subtype:  #tribalism.state  the state of living together in tribes
                       subtype:  #utopia  ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects
                       subtype:  #dystopia  state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror
                       subtype:  #wild__natural_state__naturalstate__state_of_nature  a wild primitive state untouched by civilization; "he lived in the wild"
                       subtype:  #isomerism  the state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers
                       subtype:  #degree.state__level__stage__point  a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"
                       subtype:  #office.state__power  (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage"; "during his first year in power"
                       subtype:  #status__position  the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society: "he had the status of a minor"; "the novel attained the status of a classic"; "atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life"
                       subtype:  #beingness__beingnes__existence  the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
                       subtype:  #nonbeing  the state of not being
                       subtype:  #death.state  the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
                       subtype:  #employ__employment  the state of being employed or having a job; "they are looking for employment"; "he was in the employ of the city"
                       subtype:  #unemployment  the state of being unemployed or not having a job: "unemployment is a serious social evil"; "the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy"
                       subtype:  #order.state  established customary state (especially of society); "order ruled in the streets"; "law and order"
                       subtype:  #disorder  a disturbance of the peace or of public order
                       subtype:  #enmity__hostility__antagonism  a state of deep-seated ill-will
                       subtype:  #conflict.state  a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests; "his conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post"; "a conflict of loyalties"
                       subtype:  #illumination  the degree of visibility of your environment
                       subtype:  #freedom  the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
                       subtype:  #representation.state__delegacy__agency  the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
                       subtype:  #dependance__dependence__dependency  lack of independence or self-sufficiency
                       subtype:  #motionlessness__stillness__stillnes  a state of no motion or movement
                       subtype:  #non-issue__nonissue__dead_letter  the state of something that has outlived its relevance
                       subtype:  #action.state__activity__activeness  the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action"
                       subtype:  #inaction.state__inactivity__inactiveness  the state of being inactive
                       subtype:  #temporary_state__temporarystate  a state that continues for a limited time
                       subtype:  #imminence__imminency__impendence__impendency__forthcomingness  the state of being imminent and liable to happen soon
                       subtype:  #preparedness__readiness__readines  the state of being ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); "putting them in readiness"
                       subtype:  #kalemia  the presence of potassium in the circulating blood
                       subtype:  #union.state  the state of being united; "there is strength in union"
                       subtype:  #matureness__maturity  state of being mature; full development
                       subtype:  #immaturity__immatureness  not having reached maturity
                       subtype:  #state_of_grace__grace__saving_grace  a state of sanctification by God
                       subtype:  #eternal_damnation__eternaldamnation__damnation  the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell
                       subtype:  #omniscience  the state of being omniscient; having infinite knowledge
                       subtype:  #omnipotence  the state of being omnipotent; having unlimited power
                       subtype:  #flawlessness__perfection__ne_plus_ultra  the state of being without a flaw or defect
                       subtype:  #unity__integrity__wholeness__wholenes  an unreduced or unbroken completeness or totality
                       subtype:  #imperfection__imperfectness__imperfectnes  the state or an instance of being imperfect
                       subtype:  #receivership.state  the state of property that is in the hands of a receiver; "the business is in receivership"
                       subtype:  #ownership.state  the state or fact of being an owner
                       subtype:  #end.state__destruction__death  a final state; "he came to a bad end"; "the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end"
                       subtype:  #sale.state  the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "vitamin C is on sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"
                       subtype:  #turgor  (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
                       subtype:  #polyvalence__polyvalency__multivalence__mulltivalency  the state of being polyvalent
                    subtype:  #feeling  the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"
                    subtype:  #cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act  the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
                    subtype:  #unconscious_process__unconsciousproces__process__proces  a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"
                    subtype:  #human_action__humanaction__act__human_activity__humanactivity  something that people do or cause to happen
                    subtype:  #phenomenon  any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
                    subtype:  #event  something that happens at a given place and time
              subtype:  dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class__NEP.S  this kind of perdurant have at least two instances not related by a part relation
              subtype:  dl#cumulative_perdurant_class__CM  a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant is of this kind of perdurant
              subtype:  dl#anticumulative_perdurant_class__CM~  a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant (unconnected by a part relation) is not of this kind of perdurant
              subtype:  dl#homeomerous_perdurant_class__homeomerousperdurantclas__hom  any part is of the same type
              subtype:  dl#anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM~  no part is of the same type
              subtype:  dl#atomic_perdurant_class__AT  no perdurant of this kind has a proper part
              subtype:  dl#anti-atomic_perdurant_class__AT~  any perdurant of this kind has a proper part
              instance:  pm#situation  something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space
           subtype:  pm#attribute_class__attributeclas  class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute
           subtype:  pm#substance_class__substanceclas  class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance
           subtype:  pm#virtual_class__virtualclas  class that should not be used directly: its subtypes should be used instead
           instance:  pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm)
           instance:  pm#thing__something___T__t___3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else  any category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type
           instance:  pm#nothing (pm)
        instance:  pm#binary_relation_type  all binary relation types are instance of that object
     subtype:  dolce#universal__UNIVERSAL
     subtype:  pm#1st_order_type__1stordertype__type1  all 1st order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 2nd-order type
     subtype:  pm#2nd_order_type__2ndordertype__type2  all 2nd order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 3rd order type
  subtype:  pm#set_or_class  like sumo#set_or_class but including rdfs#class too
  subtype:  pm#description_content__descriptioncontent__information  e.g., a narration, an hypothesis
  subtype:  sowa#abstract__abstract_entity  distinguished from sumo#abstract because John Sowa does not seem to categorize all types of relations, sets, classes, attributes, quantities and graphs under this category; see http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm and http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/roles.htm
  subtype:  dl#abstract__abstraction__ab
  subtype:  sumo#quantity  any specification of how many or how much of something there is
  subtype:  lis#abstract_object  a thing that does not exist in space-time; click here for details

sumo#abstract has many specializing statements. Browse its subtypes, or click here for a search form or here to represent such an object.

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