Relation pm#irreflexive_relation__irreflexiverelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#irreflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
supertype: binary_relation_with_particular_mathematical_property
instance of: irreflexive_relation_type
subtype: asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
subtype: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
subtype: range (function_type,set_or_class) gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class
subtype: range_subclass (function_type,set_or_class) all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment
subtype: valence (relation_type,positive_integer) specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g., sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation
subtype: documentation (?,string) a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation
subtype: successor_attribute__successorattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share
subtype: front_fn__frontfn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: back_fn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
subtype: contains (self_connected_object,object) the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g., an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2
subtype: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
subtype: contains_information (content_bearing_object,proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
subtype: leader__leader_of (human,agentive_physical_object) (sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON
subtype: attribute (object,Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
subtype: manner (process,Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
subtype: probability_fn__probabilityfn (formula -> real_number) one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula
subtype: in_list (?,list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
subtype: closed_on (function_type,set_or_class) a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class
subtype: reflexive_on__reflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: partial_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation
subtype: total_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class
subtype: trichotomizing_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class)
subtype: equivalence_relation_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation
subtype: causes (process,process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
subtype: causes_subclass (sumo_process_class,sumo_process_class) the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g., (causes_subclass killing death)
subtype: time (physical,time_position) means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively
subtype: holds_during__holdsduring (time_position,formula) means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position
subtype: exploits (object,agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
subtype: has_purpose__haspurpose (physical,formula) the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on
subtype: has_skill__hasskill (sumo_process_class,agentive_physical_object) similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree
subtype: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
subtype: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
subtype: possesses__possesse (agentive_physical_object,object) the agent has ownership of the object
subtype: precondition (?,?)
subtype: realization (?,?)
subtype: expressed_in_language (?,?)
subtype: uses (?,?)
subtype: identity_element (?,?)
subtype: element (?,?)
subtype: cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn (?,?)
subtype: measure (?,?)
subtype: duration (?,?)
subtype: frequency (?,?)
subtype: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
subtype: date (?,?)
subtype: surface (?,?)
subtype: interior_part (?,?)
subtype: hole (object,*)
subtype: hole_host_fn (object,*)
subtype: partially_fills__partiallyfill (object,*)
subtype: properly_fills (?,?)
subtype: completely_fills (?,?)
subtype: fills__fill (?,?)
subtype: hole_skin_fn (object,*)
subtype: geographic_subregion (?,?)
subtype: geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
subtype: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
subtype: inhabits (?,?)
subtype: authors__author (?,?)
subtype: editor (?,?)
subtype: publishes__publishe (?,?)
subtype: version (?,?)
subtype: parent (?,?)
subtype: husband (?,?)
subtype: wife (?,?)
subtype: citizen (?,?)
subtype: modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
subtype: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
subtype: different__different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: exclusive_class__exclusiveclas (class,class) the 2 classes have no common subtype/instance; in WebKB, use the link '!'
subtype: complement_class (class -> class) if something is not in one of the classes, then it is in the other, and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '/'
subtype: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
subtype: less_than (quantity,quantity)
subtype: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
subtype: increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: inhibits (?,?)
subtype: prevents (?,?)
subtype: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
subtype: sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
subtype: larger (object,*)
subtype: smaller (object,*)
subtype: starts (?,?)
subtype: finishes (?,?)
subtype: before (?,?)
subtype: during (?,?)
subtype: earlier (?,?)
subtype: meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
subtype: overlaps_partially (?,?)
subtype: superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
subtype: connected_engineering_components (?,?)
subtype: ancestor (?,?)
subtype: sibling (?,?)
subtype: brother (?,?)
subtype: sister (?,?)
subtype: spouse (?,?)
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