pm#domain__field_of_study__discipline__subject_area__subjectarea__subject_field__subjectfield__field__study__bailiwick__branch_of_knowledge  a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings"
  closed_exclusion:  pm#thing_that_is_not_a_domain
  supertype:  pm#non_spatial_collection__nonspatialcollection__true_collection  something gathering separated things (entities/situations) and that is not a spatial object
  instance:  #allometry  #bibliotics
  instance:  #architecture.field_of_study  the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; "architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use"
     >part:  #landscape_architecture__landscapearchitecture  the branch of architecture dealing with the arrangement of land and buildings for human use and enjoyment
     >part:  #urban_planning__urbanplanning  the branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and activities
     >part:  #interior_design  the branch of architecture dealing with the selection and organization of furnishings for an architectural interior
  instance:  #engineering_science__engineeringscience__engineering__applied_science__appliedscience__technology  the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems; "he had trouble deciding which branch of engineering to study"
     >part:  #aeronautical_engineering.engineering_science__aeronauticalengineering  the branch of engineering science concerned with the design and construction of aircraft
     >part:  #bionics__bionic  application of biological principals to the study and design of engineering systems (especially electronic systems)
     >part:  #bioengineering__biotechnology__ergonomics  the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments
     >part:  #chemical_engineering.engineering_science__chemicalengineering  the branch of engineering that is concerned with the design and construction and operation of the plants and machinery used in industrial chemical processes
     >part:  #civil_engineering__civilengineering  the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of such public works as dams or bridges
        >part:  #hydraulic_engineering__hydraulicengineering  the branch of civil engineering dealing with the use and control of water in motion
     >part:  #electrical_engineering__EE  the branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication
        >part:  #telecommunication_domain__telecommunicationdomain  (often plural) the branch of electrical engineering concerned with the technology of electronic communication at a distance
     >part:  #computer_science__computational_science__computationalscience  the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures
        >part:  #artificial_intelligence__AI  the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively; "workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots"
           >part:  #machine_translation__machinetranslation__MT  the use of computers to translate from one language to another
           >part:  #robotics  the area of AI concerned with the practical use of robots
              >part:  #animatronics  the construction of robots to look like animals (developed for Disneyland)
              >part:  #telerobotics  the area of robotics that is concerned with the control of robots from a distance
           >part:  is#machine_learning_science__machine_learning__machinelearning__ML
        >part:  is#software_engineering_science__software_engineering
        >part:  is#database_management_science__database_management
     >part:  #architectural_engineering__architecturalengineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the construction of buildings (as distinguished from architecture as a design art)
     >part:  #industrial_engineering__industrial_management  the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways
     >part:  #mechanical_engineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of machinery
        >part:  #tribology  the branch of engineering that deals with the interaction of surfaces in relative motion (as in bearings or gears): their design and friction and wear and lubrication
     >part:  #nanotechnology  the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)
     >part:  #nuclear_engineering__nuclearengineering  the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction and operation of nuclear reactors
     >part:  #naval_engineering__navalengineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of ships
     >part:  #rocketry  the branch of engineering science that studies rocket design and operation
  instance:  #theology.field_of_study__divinity  the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth
     >part:  #apologetics__apologetic  the branch of theology that is concerned with the defense of Christian doctrines
     >part:  #eschatology  the branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death and judgment; heaven and hell; the end of the world
     >part:  #hermeneutics  the branch of theology that deals with principles of exegesis
     >part:  #homiletics.theology  the branch of theology that deals with sermons and homilies
     >part:  #liturgics__liturgic__liturgiology  the study of liturgies
     >part:  #theodicy  the branch of theology that defends God's goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil
  instance:  #military_science  the discipline dealing with the principles of warfare
     >part:  #tactics__tactic  the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy
     >part:  #strategy.military_science  the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war

  instance:  #numerology
  equal:  #field_of_study (pm)  aktp#Generic-Area-Of-Interest (pm)
  object:  #knowledge_domain (pm)
  subtype:  #major.field_of_study  the principal field of study of a student at a university; "her major is linguistics"
  subtype:  #frontier.field_of_study  an undeveloped field of study; a topic inviting research and development; "he worked at the frontier of brain science"
  subtype:  #ology  an informal word (abstracted from words with this ending) for some unidentified branch of knowledge
  subtype:  #scientific_discipline__science  a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics"
     subtype:  #natural_science  the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena
        subtype:  #life_science  any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms
           instance:  #biological_science__biology  the science that studies living organisms
              >part:  #biogeography  dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
              >part:  #botany__phytology  the branch of biology that studies plants
                 >part:  #mycology  the branch of botany that studies fungi and fungus-caused diseases
                 >part:  #pomology  the branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruits
                 >part:  #paleobotany__palaeobotany  the study of fossil plants
                    >part:  #paleodendrology__palaeodendrology  the branch of paleobotany that studies fossil trees
              >part:  #cytology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
              >part:  #bionomics__bionomic__ecology__environmental_science__environmentalscience  the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment
                 >part:  #paleoecology__palaeoecology  the branch of ecology that studies ancient ecology
              >part:  #embryology  the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms
                 >part:  #teratology  the branch of biology concerned with the development of malformations or serious deviations from the normal type of organism
              >part:  #exobiology__space_biology__spacebiology__astrobiology  the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life
              >part:  #forestry  the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber
                 >part:  #silviculture  the branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests
              >part:  #genetics__genetic_science__geneticscience  the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
                 >part:  #genomics  the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences)
                 >part:  #molecular_genetics  the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level
              >part:  #microbiology  the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans
              >part:  #molecular_biology__molecularbiology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)
                 >part:  #biotechnology  the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes; "biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem"
                    >part:  #bioremediation  the branch of biotechnology that uses biological process to overcome environmental problems
                    >part:  #genetic_engineering__geneticengineering__gene-splicing__recombinant_DNA_technology  the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism
              >part:  #morphology  the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants
                 >part:  #anatomy.morphology  the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals
                    >part:  #comparative_anatomy__comparativeanatomy  the study of anatomical features of animals of different species
                    >part:  #gross_anatomy__grossanatomy  the study of the structure of the body and its parts without the use of a microscope
                    >part:  #microscopic_anatomy__microscopicanatomy  the study of microscopic structures of tissues and organs
                       >part:  #cytology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
                       >part:  #histology  the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues
                    >part:  #neuroanatomy  the anatomy of the nervous system
              >part:  #neurobiology  the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system
                 >part:  #neuroscience  the scientific study of the nervous system
                    >part:  #neurophysiology  the branch of neuroscience that studies the physiology of the nervous system
                    >part:  #brain_science__brainscience  the branch of neuroscience concerned with the brain
              >part:  #paleobiology__palaeobiology  a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
                 >part:  #paleobotany__palaeobotany  the study of fossil plants
                 >part:  #paleozoology__palaeozoology  the study of fossil animals
                    >part:  #paleomammalogy  the paleobiology of ancient mammals
                    >part:  #paleornithology__palaeornithology  the paleobiology of birds
              >part:  #physiology  the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
                 >part:  #kinesiology  the branch of physiology that studies the mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement
                 >part:  #myology  the branch of physiology that studies muscles
              >part:  #radiobiology  the branch of biology that studies the effects of radiation on living organisms
              >part:  #sociobiology  the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history
              >part:  #zoology__zoological_science  the branch of biology that studies animals
                 >part:  #entomology  the branch of zoology that studies insects
                 >part:  #ethology  the branch of zoology that studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats
                 >part:  #herpetology  the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians
                 >part:  #ichthyology  the branch of zoology that studies fishes
                 >part:  #mammalogy  the branch of zoology that studies mammals
                    >part:  #primatology  the branch of zoology that studies primates
                 >part:  #ornithology  the branch of zoology that studies birds
                 >part:  #protozoology  the branch of zoology that studies protozoans
                 >part:  #paleozoology__palaeozoology  the study of fossil animals
           instance:  #biomedical_science  #dermatoglyphics__dermatoglyphic
           instance:  #dietetics__dietetic  the scientific study of food preparation and intake
              >part:  #macrobiotics  the theory of promoting health and longevity by means of diet (especially whole beans and grains)
           instance:  #eugenics  #dysgenics__dysgenic__cacogenics
           instance:  #medical_science  the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease
              >part:  #medical_specialty__medicalspecialty__medicine  the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques
                 >part:  #allergology  the branch of medical science that studies the causes and treatment of allergies
                 >part:  #anesthesiology  the branch of medical science that studies and applies anesthetics
                 >part:  #angiology  the branch of medical science that studies the blood and lymph vessels and their disorders
                 >part:  #bacteriology  the branch of medical science that studies bacteria in relation to disease
                 >part:  #biomedicine.medical_specialty  the branch of medical science that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress (as in space travel)
                    >part:  #aeromedicine__aerospace_medicine__aerospacemedicine__aviation_medicine  the study and treatment of disorders associated with flight (especially with space flight)
                 >part:  #biomedicine  the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice
                 >part:  #cardiology  the branch of medicine dealing with the heart and its diseases
                 >part:  #dentistry__dental_medicine__odontology  the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth
                    >part:  #cosmetic_dentistry  the branch of dentistry dealing with the appearance of the teeth
                    >part:  #dental_surgery  the branch of dentistry involving surgical procedures
                       >part:  #exodontics__exodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with extraction of teeth
                    >part:  #endodontics__endodontic__endodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp
                    >part:  #orthodontics__orthodontia__orthodonture__dental_orthopedics__dental_orthopaedics  the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth
                    >part:  #periodontics__periodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the gums and other structures around the teeth
                    >part:  #prosthodontics__prosthodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices
                 >part:  #prosthetics__prosthetic  the branch of medicine dealing with the production and use of artificial body parts
                 >part:  #dermatology  the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases
                 >part:  #emergency_medicine__emergencymedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the prompt diagnosis and treatment of injuries or trauma or sudden illness
                 >part:  #endocrinology  the branch of medicine dealing with the endocrine glands and their secretions
                 >part:  #epidemiology  the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease
                 >part:  #forensic_medicine__forensic_pathology  the branch of medical science that uses medical knowledge for legal purposes; "forensic pathology provided the evidence that convicted the murderer"
                 >part:  #gastroenterology  the branch of medicine that studies the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases
                 >part:  #geriatrics__gerontology  the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people
                 >part:  #gynecology__gynaecology  the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women
                 >part:  #hematology__haematology  the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
                 >part:  #hygienics__hygienic__hygiene  the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
                 >part:  #immunology  the branch of medical science that studies the body's immune system
                    >part:  #immunochemistry__chemoimmunology  the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)
                    >part:  #immunopathology  the branch of immunology that deals with pathologies of the immune system
                 >part:  #internal_medicine__general_medicine__generalmedicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults)
                 >part:  #nephrology  the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney - its development and anatomy and physiology and disorders
                 >part:  #nuclear_medicine__nuclearmedicine  the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials either to image a patient's body or to destroy diseased cells
                 >part:  #clinical_neurology__neurology  the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders
                 >part:  #neuropsychiatry  the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
                 >part:  #nosology__diagnostics__diagnostic  the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of disease
                 >part:  #obstetrics__OB__tocology__midwifery  the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother
                    >part:  #fetology__foetology  the branch of medicine concerned with the fetus in the uterus
                    >part:  #perinatology  the branch of obstetrics concerned with the anatomy and physiology and diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mother and the fetus or newborn baby during late pregnancy and childbirth and the puerperium
                 >part:  #oncology  the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of tumors
                 >part:  #ophthalmology  the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases
                 >part:  #otology__otolaryngology  the branch of medicine concerned with the ear
                    >part:  #audiology__audiometry  the measurement of hearing
                 >part:  #pharmacology__pharmacological_medicine__pharmacologicalmedicine__materia_medica__materiamedica  the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects
                    >part:  #pharmacokinetics  the study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.
                    >part:  #posology  the pharmacological determination of appropriate doses of drugs and medicines
                    >part:  #psychopharmacology  the study of drugs that affect the mind
                    >part:  #toxicology  the branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature and effects and treatments of poisons
                 >part:  #pharmacy__pharmaceutics__pharmaceutic  the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines,
                 >part:  #psychiatry__psychopathology__psychological_medicine__psychologicalmedicine  the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
                    >part:  #psychotherapeutics__psychotherapy__mental_hygiene  the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods
                       >part:  #clinical_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies abnormal mentation and behavior
                 >part:  #pediatrics__paediatrics__paediatric__pediatric_medicine__pediatricmedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children
                    >part:  #neonatology  that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates
                 >part:  #podiatry__chiropody  the branch of medicine concerned with the feet
                 >part:  #proctology  the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon or rectum or anus
                 >part:  #rheumatology  the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of pathologies of the muscles or tendons or joints
                 >part:  #space_medicine__spacemedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the effects of space flight on human beings
                 >part:  #therapeutics  branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease
                 >part:  #thoracic_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest
                 >part:  #traumatology__accident_surgery  the branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidents
                 >part:  #tropical_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that are found most often in tropical regions
                 >part:  #urology__urogenitalmedicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system
                 >part:  #veterinary_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals (especially domestic animals)
                 >part:  #virology  the branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases
              >part:  #pathology.medical_science  the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases
                 >part:  #paleopathology__palaeopathology  the study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
              >part:  #radiology  the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays or other penetrating radiation
              >part:  #serology  the branch of medical science that deals with serums; especially with blood serums and disease
              >part:  #surgery.medical_science  the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures; "he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School"
                 >part:  #orthopedics__orthopaedics  the branch of surgery concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints
              >part:  #neurology  the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system and its disorders
           instance:  #phrenology
        instance:  #chemistry__chemical_science  the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions
           >part:  #immunochemistry__chemoimmunology  the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)
           >part:  #organic_chemistry__organicchemistry  the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially)
              >part:  #biochemistry  the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms
                 >part:  #enzymology  the branch of biochemistry dealing with the chemical nature and biological activity of enzymes
                 >part:  #zymurgy  the branch of chemistry concerned with fermentation (as in making wine or brewing or distilling)
           >part:  #inorganic_chemistry__inorganicchemistry  the chemistry of compounds that do not contain hydrocarbon radicals
           >part:  #physical_chemistry  the branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances
           >part:  #electrochemistry  branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions
           >part:  #geochemistry  the chemistry of the earth's crust
           >part:  #photochemistry  branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of light
           >part:  #radiochemistry__nuclear_chemistry__nuclearchemistry  the chemistry of radioactive substances
        instance:  #physics__physic__physical_science__natural_philosophy__naturalphilosophy  the science of matter and energy and their interactions
           >part:  #acoustics__acoustic  the study of the physical properties of sound
              >part:  #harmonics__harmonic  the study of musical sound
              >part:  #phonetics__phonetic  the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis
           >part:  #astronomy__uranology  the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
              >part:  #astrodynamics__astrodynamic  the branch of astronomy that studies the motion of natural and artificial bodies in space
              >part:  #astrometry  the branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the position and motion of celestial bodies
              >part:  #radio_astronomy__radioastronomy  the branch of astronomy that detects and studies the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies
              >part:  #celestial_mechanics__celestialmechanic  the branch of astronomy concerned with the application of Newton's laws of motion to the motions of heavenly bodies
              >part:  #astrophysics  the branch of astronomy concerned with the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies
                 >part:  #cosmogony__cosmology  the branch of astrophysics that studies the origins and structure of the universe
              >part:  #solar_physics__solarphysic  the branch of astronomy that deals with the sun
           >part:  #aeronautics__aeronautic__astronautics  the theory and practice of navigation through air or space
              >part:  #avionics  science and technology of electronic systems and devices for aeronautics and astronautics: "avionics has become even more important with the development of the space program"
           >part:  #biophysics  physics as applied to biological problems
           >part:  #cryogenics__cryogeny  the branch of physics that studies the phenomena that occur at very low temperatures
           >part:  #crystallography  the branch of science that studies the formation and structure of crystals
           >part:  #electromagnetics__electromagnetism  the branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena
           >part:  #electronics__electronic  the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices
              >part:  #electron_optics  the branch of electronics that deals with beams of electrons and their focusing and deflection by magnetic fields
              >part:  #microelectronics  the branch of electronics that deals with miniature components
              >part:  #thermionics__thermionic  the branch of electronics dealing with thermionic phenomena (especially thermionic vacuum tubes)
           >part:  #electrostatics  the branch of physics that deals with static electricity
           >part:  #mechanics__mechanic  the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference
              >part:  #classical_mechanics__classicalmechanic__Newtonian_mechanics  the branch of mechanics based on Newton's laws of motion
              >part:  #fluid_mechanics__fluidmechanic__hydraulics  study of the mechanics of fluids
                 >part:  #hydrostatics  study of the mechanical properties of fluids that are not in motion
                 >part:  #hydrodynamics__hydrodynamic__hydrokinetics__hydrokinetic  study of fluids in motion
                    >part:  #magnetohydrodynamics  the study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting fluids (as plasma or molten metal)
              >part:  #pneumatics  the branch of mechanics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases
              >part:  #statics__static  the branch of mechanics concerned with forces in equilibrium
              >part:  #dynamics__kinetics  the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies
                 >part:  #ballistics  the science of flight dynamics
              >part:  #kinematics  the branch of mechanics concerned with motion without reference to force or mass
              >part:  #aeromechanics__aeromechanic__aerodynamics  the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their effects on bodies in the flow
           >part:  #nuclear_physics__nuclearphysic__atomic_physics__nucleonics  the branch of physics that studies the internal structure of atomic nuclei
           >part:  #optics  the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light
              >part:  #catoptrics  branch of optics dealing with formation of images by mirrors
              >part:  #holography  the branch of optics that deals with the use of coherent light from a laser in order to make a hologram that can then be used to create a three-dimensional image
           >part:  #particle_physics__high-energy_physics  the branch of physics that studies subatomic particles and their interactions
           >part:  #plasma_physics  the branch of physics concerned with matter in its plasma phase
           >part:  #quantum_physics  the branch of physics based on quantum theory
              >part:  #quantum_mechanics__quantummechanic  the branch of quantum physics that accounts for matter at the atomic level; an extension of statistical mechanics based on quantum theory (especially the Pauli exclusion principle)
                 >part:  #wave_mechanics  the modern form of quantum theory; an extension of of quantum mechanics based on Schrodinger's equation; atomic events are explained as interactions between particle waves
              >part:  #quantum_field_theory__quantumfieldtheory  the branch of quantum physics that is concerned with the theory of fields; it was motivated by the question of how an atom radiates light as its electrons jump from excited states
                 >part:  #quantum_electrodynamics__quantumelectrodynamic__QED  a relativistic quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons and muons
                 >part:  #quantum_chromodynamics__QCD  a theory of strong interactions between elementary particles (including the interaction that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus); it assumes that strongly interacting particles (hadrons) are made of quarks and that gluons bind the quarks together
           >part:  #rheology  the branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter
           >part:  #solid-state_physics__solidstatephysic  the branch of physics that studies the properties of materials in the solid state: electrical conduction in crystals of semiconductors and metals; superconductivity; photoconductivity
           >part:  #statistical_mechanics__statisticalmechanic  the branch of physics that makes theoretical predictions about the behavior of macroscopic systems on the basis of statistical laws governing its component particles
           >part:  #thermodynamics  the branch of physics concerned with the conversion of different forms of energy
              >part:  #thermostatics__thermostatic__thermodynamics_of_equilibrium  the aspect of thermodynamics concerned with thermal equilibrium
        instance:  #earth_science__earthscience  any of the sciences that deal with the earth or its parts
           >part:  #geology  a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
              >part:  #hypsography  the scientific study of the earth's configuration above sea level (emphasizing the measurement of land altitudes relative to sea level)
              >part:  #paleogeology__palaeogeology  the study of geologic features once at the surface of the earth but now buried beneath rocks
              >part:  #geophysics__geophysical_science  geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth
                 >part:  #geomorphology__morphology  the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms
                    >part:  #plate_tectonics__platetectonic__tectonic  the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust
                    >part:  #petrology  the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and composition
                 >part:  #meteorology  science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere; especially weather processes and weather forecasting
                    >part:  #climatology  meteorology of climates and their phenomena
                       >part:  #bioclimatology  the study of effects of climate on living organisms
                    >part:  #aerology  meteorology of the total extent of the atmosphere; especially the upper layers
                 >part:  #hydrology  the branch of geology that studies water on the earth and in the atmosphere: its distribution and uses and conservation
                 >part:  #seismology  the branch of geology that studies earthquakes
                 >part:  #volcanology__vulcanology  the branch of geology that studies volcanoes
                 >part:  #magnetics__magnetic__magnetism  the branch of science that studies magnetism
                 >part:  #geodesy  the branch of geology that studies the shape of the earth and the determination of the exact position of geographical points
              >part:  #orology__orography  the science of mountains
              >part:  #mineralogy  the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them
              >part:  #spelaeology__speleology  the scientific study of caves
              >part:  #economic_geology  the branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials
                 >part:  #petroleum_geology__petroleumgeology  the branch of economic geology that deals with the occurrence and exploitation of oil and gas fields
                 >part:  #mining_geology  the branch of economic geology that deals with the applications of geology to mining
           >part:  #oceanography  the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans
              >part:  #hydrography  the science of the measurement and description and mapping of the surface waters of the earth with special reference to navigation
           >part:  #limnology  the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties
           >part:  #geography__geographics__geographic  study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation
              >part:  #physical_geography__physiography  the study of physical features of the earth's surface
              >part:  #topography.geography  precise detailed study of the surface features of a region
              >part:  #economic_geography  the branch of geography concerned with the production and distribution of commodities
        instance:  #cosmography.natural_science
     instance:  #mathematics__math__maths__math  a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
        >part:  #pure_mathematics  the branches of mathematics that study and develop the principles of mathematics for their own sake rather than for their immediate usefulness
           >part:  #arithmetic  the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations
              >part:  #algorism  computation with Arabic figures
           >part:  #geometry  the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces
              >part:  #elementary_geometry__parabolic_geometry__parabolicgeometry__Euclidean_geometry  geometry based on Euclid's axioms: e.g., only one line can be drawn through a point parallel to another line
              >part:  #non-Euclidean_geometry  geometry based on axioms different from Euclid's
                 >part:  #hyperbolic_geometry  a non-Euclidean geometry in which it is assumed that through any point there are two or more parallel lines that do not intersect a given line in the plane
                 >part:  #elliptic_geometry__Riemannian_geometry  a non-Euclidean geometry that regards space is like a sphere and a line is a great circle
              >part:  #spherical_geometry__sphericalgeometry  the geometry of figures on the surface of a sphere
              >part:  #analytic_geometry__analytical_geometry__coordinate_geometry  the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system
              >part:  #plane_geometry__planegeometry  the geometry of 2-dimensional figures
              >part:  #solid_geometry__solidgeometry  the geometry of 3-dimensional space
              >part:  #projective_geometry__descriptive_geometry__descriptivegeometry  the geometry of properties that remain invariant under projection
           >part:  #trigonometry__trig  the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions
              >part:  #spherical_trigonometry__sphericaltrigonometry  the trigonometry of spherical triangles
              >part:  #triangulation.trigonometry  a trigonometric method of determining the position of a fixed point from the angles to it from two fixed points a known distance apart; useful in navigation
           >part:  #algebra  the mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations
              >part:  #quadratics  a branch of algebra dealing with quadratic equations
              >part:  #linear_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of linear equations and linear transformation
              >part:  #vector_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of vectors and vector spaces
                 >part:  #vector_decomposition__decomposition  the analysis of a vector field
              >part:  #matrix_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of matrices
           >part:  #infinitesimal_calculus__calculus__the_calculus  the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions
              >part:  #analysis.infinitesimal_calculus__analysi  a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation
                 >part:  #Fourier_analysis__harmonic_analysis  analysis of a periodic function into a sum of simple sinusoidal components
              >part:  #differential_calculus__method_of_fluxions  the part of calculus that deals with the variation of a function with respect to changes in the independent variable (or variables) by means of the concepts of derivative and differential
              >part:  #integral_calculus  the part of calculus that deals with integration and its application in the solution of differential equations and in determining areas or volumes etc.
              >part:  #calculus_of_variations  the calculus of maxima and minima of definite integrals
           >part:  #set_theory__settheory  the branch of pure mathematics that deals with the nature and relations of sets
           >part:  #group_theory__grouptheory  the branch of mathematics dealing with groups
              >part:  #Galois_theory  group theory applied to the solution of algebraic equations
           >part:  #topology__analysis_situs  the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence
           >part:  #metamathematics__metamathematic  the logical analysis of mathematical reasoning
        >part:  #applied_mathematics__appliedmathematic__applied_math__appliedmath  the branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of of the physical or biological or sociological world
           >part:  #linear_programming  a mathematical technique used in economics; finds the maximum or minimum of linear functions in many variables subject to constraints
           >part:  #statistics  a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters
              >part:  #nonparametric_statistics  the branch of statistics dealing with variables without making assumptions about the parameters of their distribution
           >part:  #probability_theory__probabilitytheory  the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities
           >part:  is#mathematical_systems_theory
              >part:  is#automata_theory
     instance:  #agronomy__scientific_agriculture  #agrobiology  #agrology  #architectonics__tectonics__tectonic
     instance:  #metallurgy  the science and technology of metals
        >part:  #powder_metallurgy  the metallurgy of powdered metals; how to produce solid metal objects from powdered metal by compaction and sintering
     instance:  #metrology  #nutrition
     instance:  #psychology__psychological_science__psychologicalscience  the science of mental life
        >part:  #associationism  theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity
        >part:  #differential_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies measurable differences between individuals
        >part:  #experimental_psychology__psychonomics  the branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
           >part:  #psychophysics__psychophysic  the branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects
        >part:  #behaviorism__behaviourism__behavioristic_psychology__behavioristicpsychology__behaviouristicpsychology  an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
        >part:  #functionalism.psychology  a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment
        >part:  #cognitive_psychology__cognitivepsychology  an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
           >part:  #memory.cognitive_psychology  the area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes; "he taught a graduate course on learning and memory"
           >part:  #problem_solving.cognitive_psychology  the area of cognitive psychology that studies the processes involved in solving problems
           >part:  #psycholinguistics__psycholinguistic  the branch of cognitive psychology that studies the psychological basis of linguistic competence and performance
        >part:  #applied_psychology__appliedpsychology__industrial_psychology  any of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
        >part:  #psychometry__psychometrics__psychometric__psychometrika  any branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
        >part:  #developmental_psychology__developmentalpsychology__genetic_psychology__geneticpsychology__child_psychology__childpsychology  the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
        >part:  #comparative_psychology__comparativepsychology__animal_psychology  the branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
        >part:  #physiological_psychology__physiologicalpsychology__neuropsychology__psychophysiology  the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
        >part:  #Gestalt_psychology__configurationism  an approach to psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational properties
        >part:  #social_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
           >part:  #group_dynamics  the branch of social psychology that studies the dynamics of interaction in social groups
     instance:  #information_science__informationscience__information_technology__informationtechnology__informatics__informatic__information_processing__informationprocessing__IS__IT__IP  the sciences concerned with gathering and manipulating and storing and retrieving and classifying recorded information
        >part:  #natural_language_processing__NLP__human_language_technology  the branch of information science that deals with natural language information
        >part:  #cybernetics  the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems)
        >part:  is#information_retrieval_science__informationretrievalscience__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
        >part:  km#knowledge_management_science__knowledge_management__knowledgemanagement__km__knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering__KE__conceptual_knowledge_processing__CKP__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA
           >part:  km#CG_domain__Conceptual_Graphs__Conceptual_Structures
           >part:  km#FCA_domain__Formal_Concept_Analysis
              >part:  km#Temporal_Concept_Analysis
     instance:  #cognitive_science__cognitivescience
     instance:  #social_science  the branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a society
        >part:  #civics  the social science of municipal affairs
        >part:  #anthropology  the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings
           >part:  #archeology__archaeology  the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
              >part:  #paleontology__palaeontology__fossilology  the branch of archeology that studies fossil organisms and related remains
                 >part:  #paleobiology__palaeobiology  a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
                 >part:  #micropaleontology  the paleontology of microfossils
                 >part:  #vertebrate_paleontology  the paleontology of vertebrates
                    >part:  #paleoanthropology__palaeoanthropology__human_paleontology__humanpaleontology__human_palaeontology__humanpalaeontology  the scientific study of human fossils
              >part:  #Assyriology  archeology of the ancient Assyrians
              >part:  #Egyptology  archeology of ancient Egyptian artifacts
              >part:  #Sumerology  the archeology of ancient Sumerians
              >part:  #marine_archeology__marine_archaeology__underwater_archeology__underwater_archaeology  the archeology of underwater sites
              >part:  #paleoclimatology__palaeoclimatology  the study of the climate of past ages
              >part:  #paleogeography__palaeogeography  the study of the geography of ancient times or ancient epochs
              >part:  #paleography  the study of ancient forms of writing (and the deciphering of them)
                 >part:  #epigraphy  the study of ancient inscriptions
              >part:  #paleopathology__palaeopathology  the study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
              >part:  #paletiology__palaetiology  the explanation of past events in terms of scientific causes (as geological causes)
              >part:  #paleology__palaeology  the study of (especially prehistoric) antiquities
              >part:  #protohistory__protoanthropology  the study humans prior to the invention of writing
                 >part:  #protoarcheology__protoarchaeology  the study of prehistoric human artifacts and human fossils
              >part:  #paleoethnography__palaeoethnography  the ethnography of paleolithic humans
           >part:  #ethnography__descriptive_anthropology__descriptiveanthropology  the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies
           >part:  #ethnology  the branch of anthropology that deals with the division of humankind into races and with their origins and distribution and distinctive characteristics
           >part:  #physical_anthropology  the branch of anthropology dealing with the genesis and variation of human beings
              >part:  #craniometry  the branch of physical anthropology dealing with the study and measurement of dry skulls after removal of its soft parts
           >part:  #social_anthropology__cultural_anthropology  the branch of anthropology that deals with human culture and society
              >part:  #garbology  the study of a society by analyzing its garbage
              >part:  #mythology.social_anthropology  the study of myths
              >part:  #ritualism.social_anthropology  the study of religious or magical rites and ceremonies
        >part:  #political_science__politicalscience__politics__government  the study of government of states and other political units
           >part:  #geopolitics__geopolitic  the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
           >part:  #realpolitik__practicalpolitic  politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations
        >part:  #home_economics__domestic_science__household_arts  theory and practice of homemaking
        >part:  #economics__economic__economic_science__political_economy__politicaleconomy  the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
           >part:  #econometrics  the application of mathematics and statistics to the study of economic and financial data
           >part:  #finance.economics  the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
           >part:  #macroeconomics  the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national economy
           >part:  #microeconomics  the branch of economics that studies the economy of consumers or households or individual firms
           >part:  #supply-side_economics  the school of economic theory that stresses the costs of production as a means of stimulating the economy; advocates policies that raise capital and labor output by increasing the incentive to produce
        >part:  #proxemics__proxemic  the study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations
        >part:  #sociology  the study and classification of human societies
           >part:  #criminology  the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior and law enforcement
              >part:  #penology__poenology  the branch of criminology concerned with prison management and prisoner rehabilitation
           >part:  #demography__human_ecology__humanecology  the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations
           >part:  #psephology  the branch of sociology that studies election trends (as by opinion polls)
           >part:  #sociometry  the quantitative study of social relationships
     instance:  #strategics
     instance:  #systematics__systematic  the science of systematic classification
        >part:  #biosystematics__biosystematy  use of data (e.g. cytogenetic or biochemical) to assess taxonomic relations especially within an evolutionary framework
        >part:  #taxonomy.systematics  (biology) study of the general principles of scientific classification
           >part:  #cladistics  a system of biological taxonomy based on the quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct trees summarizing the (assumed) phylogenetic relations and evolutionary history of groups of organisms
     instance:  #thanatology  #cryptanalysis__cryptanalysi__cryptanalytics__cryptography__cryptology
     instance:  #linguistics  the scientific study of language
        >part:  #computational_linguistics__computationallinguistic  the use of computers for linguistic research and applications
           >part:  #machine_translation__machinetranslation__MT  the use of computers to translate from one language to another
        >part:  #dialect_geography__dialectgeography__linguistic_geography  the study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features
        >part:  #etymology.studies  the study of the sources and development of words
           >part:  #lexicostatistics  a statistical technique used in glottochronology; used to estimate how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language
        >part:  #historical_linguistics__diachronic_linguistics__comparative_linguistics__comparativelinguistic  the study of linguistic change
           >part:  #etymology.studies  the study of the sources and development of words
        >part:  #lexicology  the branch of linguistics that studies the lexical component of language
           >part:  #onomastics  the branch of lexicology that studies the origins and history of proper names
        >part:  #sociolinguistics  the study of language in relation to its sociocultural context
        >part:  #structuralism__structural_linguistics  linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse
        >part:  #synchronic_linguistics__descriptive_linguistics__descriptivelinguistic  an explanation of a person's mastery of their native language
           >part:  #grammar.studies  studies of the formation of basic linguistic units
              >part:  #syntax.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences
              >part:  #morphology.grammar.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible words
                 >part:  #inflectional_morphology__accidence  the part of grammar that deals with the inflections of words
                 >part:  #derivational_morphology  the part of grammar that deals with the derivations of words
                 >part:  #compound_morphology  the part of grammar that deals with combinations of simple words into compound words
           >part:  #phonology__phonemics__phonemic  the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes
           >part:  #morphophonemics__morphophonemic  the study of the phonological realization of the allomorphs of the morphemes of a language
        >part:  is#theoretical_linguistics__theoreticallinguistic
           >part:  #phonetics__phonetic  the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis
           >part:  #phonology__phonemics__phonemic  the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes
           >part:  #morphology.grammar.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible words
           >part:  #syntax.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences
           >part:  #semantics__semantic  the study of language meaning
              >part:  #deixis  the function of pointing or specifying from the perspective of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects of a communication whose interpretation depends on knowledge of the context in which the communication occurs
              >part:  is#lexical_semantics__lexicalsemantic
              >part:  km#semantics_of_logic  approaches that logicians have introduced to understand and determine that part of meaning in which they are interested; the logician traditionally is not interested in the sentence as uttered but in the proposition, an idealised sentence suitable for logical manipulation
                 >part:  km#model-theoretic_semantics__modeltheoreticsemantic  the most widepsread approach, and is based on the idea that the meaning of the various parts of the propositions are given by the possible ways we can give a recursively specified group of interpretation functions from them to some predefined mathematical domains: an interpretation of first-order predicate logic is given by a mapping from terms to a universe of individuals, and a mapping from propositions to the truth values "true" and "false"
                 >part:  km#proof-theoretic_semantics__prooftheoreticsemantic  approach associating the meaning of propositions with the roles that they can play in inferences
           >part:  is#stylistics
              >part:  is#prescription
           >part:  #pragmatics  the study of language use
        >part:  is#applied_linguistics__appliedlinguistic
        >part:  is#cognitive_linguistics__cognitivelinguistic
  subtype:  #humanistic_discipline__humanities__liberal_arts__arts  studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); "the college of arts and sciences"
     instance:  #classicism  a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms; "classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans"
        >part:  #neoclassicism  classicism revived; a revival of the classical style in art or literature
     instance:  #romanticism.artistic_style  #English  #history.humanistic_discipline
     instance:  #chronology  the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events
        >part:  #glottochronology  the determination of how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language; "he mapped the glottochronology of the Romance languages"
     instance:  #fine_arts__beaux_arts
     instance:  #philosophy  the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics
        >part:  #ethics__moral_philosophy__moralphilosophy  the philosophical study of moral values and rules
           >part:  #casuistry  moral philosophy based on the application of general ethical principles to resolve moral dilemmas
              >part:  #probabilism.casuistry  a Roman Catholic system of casuistry that when expert opinions differ an actor can follow any solidly probable opinion that he wishes even though some different opinion might be more probable
           >part:  #eudemonism__endaemonism  an ethical system that evaluates actions by reference to personal well-being through a life based on reason
           >part:  #hedonism.ethics  an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good
        >part:  #etiology__aetiology  the philosophical study of causation
        >part:  #aesthetics__esthetics__esthetic  the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art); "traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and timeless criteria of artistic value"
        >part:  #axiology  the study of values and value judgments
        >part:  #legal_philosophy__legalphilosophy__jurisprudence  the branch of philosophy concerned with the law
        >part:  #metaphysics__metaphysic  the philosophical study of being and knowing
           >part:  #ontology  the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence
           >part:  #cosmology  the metaphysical study of the origin and nature of the universe
        >part:  #dialectic  any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments
        >part:  #logic.philosophy  the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference
           >part:  #modal_logic.logic  the logical study of necessity and possibility
           >part:  km#inductive_reasoning_system__inductivereasoningsystem  study of deriving a "reliable" ("inductively valid") generalization from observations
           >part:  km#deductive_reasoning_system__deductivereasoningsystem  an inference is "deductively valid" if and only if there is no possible situation in which all the premises are true and the conclusion false
           >part:  km#binary_logic__boolean_logic__booleanlogic  logic where the principle of bivalence is respected; this principle states that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false
           >part:  km#multi-valued_logic__many-valued_logic  logic in which there are more than two possible truth values
              >part:  km#fuzzy_logic__fuzzylogic
              >part:  km#probability_logic__probabilitylogic
           >part:  km#informal_logic  study of logic as used in natural language arguments
           >part:  km#formal_logic
              >part:  km#philosophical_logic__philosophicallogic  deals with formal descriptions of natural language and hence philosophical logicians have contributed a great deal to the development of non-standard logics
              >part:  km#mathematical_logic__symbolic_logic__metamathematics__metamathematic
                 >part:  km#application_of_techniques_of_formal_logic_to_mathematics
                    >part:  km#logicism  pioneered by philosopher-logicians such as Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell: the idea was that mathematical theories were logical tautologies, and the programme was to show this by means to a reduction of mathematics to logic. The various attempts to carry this out met with a series of failures, from the crippling of Frege's project in his Grundgesetze by Russell's Paradox, to the defeat of Hilbert's Program by Gödel's incompleteness theorems; however, every rigorously defined mathematical theory can be exactly captured by a first-order logical theory; Frege's proof calculus is enough to describe the whole of mathematics, though not equivalent to it
                 >part:  km#application_of_mathematical_techniques_to_formal_logic
                 >part:  km#sentential_logic__propositional_logic__propositional_calculus  proof theory for reasoning with propositional formulas as symbolic logic; it is extensional
                 >part:  km#predicate_logic__predicatelogic__predicate_calculus  permits the formulation of quantified statements such as "there is at least one X such that..." or "for any X, it is the case that...", where X is an element of a set called the domain of discourse
                    >part:  km#FOL__first-order_logic__firstorderlogic__first-order_predicate_calculus__predicate_logic__predicatelogic  FOL is distinguished from HOL in that it does not allow statements such as "for every property, it is the case that..." or "there exists a set of objects such that..."; it is a stronger theory than sentential logic, but a weaker theory than arithmetic, set theory, or second-order logic; it is strong enough to formalize all of set theory and thereby virtually all of mathematics
                       >part:  km#PCEF_logic__logic_of_positive_conjunctive_existential_formulas
                    >part:  km#HOL__higher-order_logic  based on a hierarchy of types
                 >part:  km#logic_for_reasoning_about_computer_programs
                    >part:  km#Hoare_logic
                    >part:  km#logic_for_reasoning_about_concurrent_processes_or_mobile_processes
                       >part:  km#CSP
                       >part:  km#CCS
                       >part:  km#pi-calculus
                    >part:  km#logic_for_capturing_computability__logicforcapturingcomputability
                       >part:  km#computability_logic__computabilitylogic
              >part:  km#non-modal_logic__nonmodallogic__extensional_logic__extensionallogic  as opposed to intensional logics, the truth value of a complex sentence is determined by the truth values of its sub-sentences
              >part:  km#modal_logic__intensional_logic__intensionallogic  sentences are qualified by modalities such as possibly and necessarily; both "Bush is president" and "2+2=4" are true, yet "Necessarily, Bush is president" is false, while "Necessarily, 2+2=4" is true
                 >part:  km#deontic_logic__deonticlogic
                 >part:  km#epistemic_logic__epistemiclogic
                 >part:  km#temporal_logic  system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time
                    >part:  km#tense_logic__tenselogic
                    >part:  km#computational_tree_logic__CTL
                    >part:  km#linear_temporal_logic
                 >part:  km#conditional_logic__conditionallogic
              >part:  km#classical_logic
              >part:  km#non_classical_logic
              >part:  km#type_theory  branch of mathematics and logic that concerns itself with classifying entities into sets called types
              >part:  km#term_logic__traditional_logic__traditionallogic
                 >part:  #Aristotelian_logic
              >part:  km#dialectical_logic__dialecticallogic
        >part:  #epistemology  the philosophical theory of knowledge
           >part:  #methodological_analysis__methodology  the branch of philosophy that analyzes the principles and procedures of inquiry in a particular discipline
        >part:  #transcendentalism__transcendentalphilosophy  any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
     instance:  #literary_study  the humanistic study of literature
        >part:  #literature.literary_study  the humanistic study of a body of literature; "he took a course in French literature"
        >part:  #comparative_literature__comparativeliterature  study of literary works from different cultures (often in translation)
        >part:  #literary_criticism  the informed analysis and evaluation of literature
        >part:  #poetics__poetic  study of poetic works
           >part:  #prosody  the study of poetic meter and the art of versification
        >part:  #classics  study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome
        >part:  #rhetoric  study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking)
     instance:  #library_science__libraryscience  #philology__linguistics  #musicology  #Sinology

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