#writing.symbols  letters or symbols written or imprinted on a surface to represent the sounds or words of a language; "he turned the paper over so the writing wouldn't show"; "the doctor's writing was illegible"
  supertype:  #written_communication__writtencommunication__written_language__writtenlanguage  communication by means of written symbols
  subtype:  #orthography__writing_system__writingsystem  a method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols
     subtype:  #script  a particular orthography or writing system
        subtype:  #Arabic_script__Arabic  an alphabetic script used to write the Arabic dialects (and borrowed to write Urdu)
        subtype:  #Avestan  the script in which the ancient Persian language of the Avesta is written
        subtype:  #uncial  a style of orthography characterized by somewhat rounded capital letters; found especially in Greek and Latin manuscripts of the 4th to 8th centuries
     subtype:  #Armenian_alphabet__Armenian  a writing system having an alphabet of 38 letters in which the Armenian language is written
     subtype:  #spelling  forming words with letters according to the principles underlying accepted usage
        subtype:  #misspelling  a spelling that is incorrect
     subtype:  #picture_writing__picturewriting  a writing system using pictographs
     subtype:  #alphabetic_writing__alphabetic_script  a writing system based on alphabetic characters
     subtype:  #boustrophedon  an ancient writing system: having alternate lines written in opposite directions; literally "as the ox ploughs"
     subtype:  #cuneiform  an ancient wedge-shaped script used in Mesopotamia and Persia
        subtype:  #Babylonian.cuneiform__babylonian  the ideographic and syllabic writing system in which the ancient Babylonian language was written
     subtype:  #syllabary__syllabic_script  a writing system whose characters represent syllables
        subtype:  #Devanagari_script__Devanagari__Nagari__Nagari_script  a syllabic script used in writing Sanskrit and Hindi
        instance:  #Linear_B
     subtype:  #ideography  the use of ideograms in writing
     subtype:  #hieroglyph__hieroglyphic  a writing system using picture symbols; used in ancient Egypt
        subtype:  #hieratic_script__hieratic  a cursive form of Egyptian hieroglyphics; used especially by the priests
     subtype:  #point_system.orthography__pointsystem  a system of writing or printing using patterns of raised dots that can be read by touch
        subtype:  #Braille  a point system of writing in which patterns of raised dots represent letters and numerals
     instance:  #Linear_A
  subtype:  #coding_system  a system of signals used to represent letters or numbers in transmitting messages
     subtype:  #code  a coding system used for transmitting messages requiring brevity or secrecy
        subtype:  #area_code  a number usually of 3 digits assigned to a telephone area as in the US and Canada
        subtype:  #bar_code__barcode__universalproductcode  code consisting of a series of vertical bars of variable width that are scanned by a laser; printed on consumer product packages to identify the item for a computer that provides the price and registers inventory information
        subtype:  #color_code__colorcode  system using colors to designate classifications
        subtype:  #secret_code__cipher__cypher__cryptograph  a secret method of writing
        subtype:  #international_Morse_code__Morse__Morse_code  a telegraph code in which letters and numbers are represented by strings of dots and dashes (short and long signals)
        subtype:  #zip_code__zipcode__postal_code  a code of letters and digits added to a postal address to aid in the sorting of mail
     subtype:  #computer_code__code  (computer science) the symbolic arrangement of data or instructions in a computer program or the set of such instructions
        subtype:  #computer_address__address__addres  (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored
           subtype:  #URL__uniform_resource_locator__universal_resource_locator  the address of a web page on the world wide web
        subtype:  #binary_code  code using a string of 8 binary digits to represent characters
        subtype:  #error_correction_code__ECC  (computer science) a coding system that incorporates extra parity bits in order to detect errors
           subtype:  #cyclic_redundancy_check  an error correction code that is recorded in each sector of a magnetic disk and used to catch errors in the data
        subtype:  #firmware  (computer science) coded instructions that are stored permanently in read-only memory
        subtype:  #machine_code__machinecode__machine_language__machinelanguage  a set of instructions coded so that the computer can use it directly without further translation
        subtype:  #object_code  the machine-language output of a compiler that is ready for execution on a particular computer
        subtype:  #operation_code__operationcode__order_code__ordercode  the portion of a set of operation descriptions that specifies the operation to be performed; the set of operations in a computer
        subtype:  #software__software_system__software_package__package  (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"
           subtype:  #alpha_software__alphasoftware  a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers
           subtype:  #authoring_language__authoringlanguage  software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming
           subtype:  #beta_software  pre-release software that has received an alpha test but still has more bugs than a regular release; "beta software is usually available only to particular users who will test it"
           subtype:  #compatible_software  software that can run on different computers without modification
           subtype:  #compatible_software.software__compatiblesoftware  application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together
           subtype:  #computer-aided_design__CAD  software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing
           subtype:  #freeware  software that is provided without charge
           subtype:  #groupware  software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space
           subtype:  #operating_system__operatingsystem__OS  (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services
              subtype:  #DOS__disk_operating_system  an operating system that is on a disk
                 subtype:  #MS-DOS__Microsoft_disk_operating_system  an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers
              subtype:  #UNIX__UNIX_operating_system__UNIX_system  a powerful operating system developed at the Bell Telephone Laboratories
           subtype:  #computer_program__program__programme__computer_programme  (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"
              subtype:  #application_program__applicationprogram__application__applications_programme  a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications"
                 subtype:  #active_application  an application that is currently running and in the foreground
                 subtype:  #applet  a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface
                 subtype:  #web_browser__webbrowser__browser  a program used to view HTML documents
                    subtype:  #Mosaic  a freeware browser
                    subtype:  #Netscape  a commercial browser
                 subtype:  #natural_language_processor__natural_language_processing_application  an application program that deals with natural language text
                    subtype:  #disambiguator  (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
                 subtype:  #job.application_program  (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
                 subtype:  #word_processor__word_processing_system  an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer
                 subtype:  #editor_program__editor  (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data
                    subtype:  #linkage_editor__linkageeditor  an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules
                    subtype:  #text_editor  (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files
                       subtype:  pm#Emacs_text_editor
                    subtype:  is#graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
                       subtype:  is#hierarchy_editor__hierarchyeditor  a graph editor tailored to ease the display and edition of hierarchies
                          subtype:  km#taxonomy_graphical_editor
                       subtype:  is#hyperbolic_graph_editor
                       subtype:  km#knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
                          subtype:  km#taxonomy_graphical_editor
                          subtype:  km#CG_graphical_editor
                             subtype:  km#Charger
                          subtype:  km#FCA_structure_graphical_editor  graphic editor of FCA objects
              subtype:  #loop.computer_program  a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied
              subtype:  #patch.computer_program  a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
              subtype:  #assembler__assembly_program  a program to convert assembly language into machine language
              subtype:  #checking_program  a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors
              subtype:  #compiler__compiling_program__compilingprogram  (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program
                 subtype:  #C_compiler  a compiler for programs written in C
                 subtype:  #Fortran_compiler  a compiler for programs written in Fortran
                 subtype:  #LISP_compiler  a compiler for programs written in LISP
                 subtype:  #Pascal_compiler  a compiler for programs written in Pascal
              subtype:  #debugger  a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors
              subtype:  #user_interface__interface  (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
                 subtype:  #command_line_interface__CLI  a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon
                 subtype:  #graphical_user_interface__GUI  a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device
                    subtype:  is#2D_user_interface
                    subtype:  is#3D_user_interface
                    subtype:  is#HTML_based_interface
                    subtype:  is#graph_visualization_interface__graphvisualizationinterface
                       subtype:  is#display-only_graph_viewer
                       subtype:  is#graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
                 subtype:  is#user_interface
                    subtype:  is#non-graphical_user_interface
                       subtype:  is#procedure_call_interface
                          subtype:  is#network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
                             subtype:  is#RPC_interface__Remote_Procedure_Call_interface__remoteprocedurecallinterface
                          subtype:  is#API__application_programming_interface__applicationprogramminginterface
                       subtype:  is#command_based_interface__commandbasedinterface
                          subtype:  is#network-accessible_command_based_interface
                             subtype:  is#OKBC_interface
                             subtype:  is#CGI-accessible_command_based_interface
                          subtype:  is#direct_command_based_interface__shell
                             subtype:  is#sh
                             subtype:  is#ksh
                             subtype:  is#csh
                    subtype:  is#graphical_user_interface
                    subtype:  is#network-accessible_interface
                       subtype:  is#Web_based_interface
                          subtype:  is#HTML_based_interface
                          subtype:  is#CGI_based_interface
                       subtype:  is#network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
                       subtype:  is#network-accessible_command_based_interface
              subtype:  #interpretive_program__interpreter  (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time
              subtype:  #job_control__jobcontrol  a program that is called to prepare each job to be run
              subtype:  #library_program__libraryprogram  a program in a program library
              subtype:  #monitor_program__monitoring_program  a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
              subtype:  #object_program__target_program  a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer
              subtype:  #source_program  a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language
              subtype:  #relocatable_program__relocatableprogram  a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
              subtype:  #reusable_program  a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
              subtype:  #search_engine  a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)
              subtype:  #self-adapting_program  a program that can change its performance in response to its environment
              subtype:  #spreadsheet  a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen
              subtype:  #supervisory_program__supervisoryprogram__supervisor__executive_program__executiveprogram  a program that controls the execution of other programs
              subtype:  #syntax_checker  a program to check natural language syntax
              subtype:  #system_program__systems_program__systemsprogram__systems_software__systemssoftware  a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer
              subtype:  #translating_program__translatingprogram__translator  a program that translates one programming language into another
              subtype:  #utility_program__utilityprogram__utility__service_program__serviceprogram  (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer; "a computer system provides utility programs to perform the tasks needed by most users"
                 subtype:  #device_driver__driver  (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
                 subtype:  #diagnostic_program  a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program
                 subtype:  #input_program__inputprogram  a utility program that organizes the input to a computer
                 subtype:  #output_program  a utility program that organizes the output of a computer
                 subtype:  #sort_program__sorting_program__sortingprogram  a utility program that sorts data items
                 subtype:  #trace_program__traceprogram  a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program
                    subtype:  #snapshot_program  a trace program that produces output for selected conditions
              subtype:  is#script  program witten with an interpreted language
                 subtype:  is#class_script__classscript  script associated to a class
                 subtype:  is#object_script  script associated to a class instance (that is not a class itself
                 subtype:  is#global_script  script that is not associated to an object or a class
              subtype:  is#program_written_in_a_certain_language
                 subtype:  #LISP_program  a program written in LISP
                 subtype:  #FORTRAN_program  a program written in FORTRAN
                 subtype:  #C_program  a program written in C
           subtype:  #subroutine__routine__subprogram__procedure__function  a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
              subtype:  #cataloged_procedure__catalogedprocedure  a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name
              subtype:  #contingency_procedure__contingencyprocedure  an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises
              subtype:  #library_routine__libraryroutine  a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
              subtype:  #random_number_generator  a routine designed to yield a random number
              subtype:  #recursive_routine__recursiveroutine  a routine that can call itself
              subtype:  #reusable_routine  a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
              subtype:  #supervisory_routine__supervisoryroutine__executive_routine__executiveroutine  a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines
              subtype:  #tracing_routine  a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program
              subtype:  #utility_routine__utilityroutine__service_routine__serviceroutine  a routine that can be used as needed
                 subtype:  #dump_routine  a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium
                 subtype:  #input_routine__inputroutine  a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store
                 subtype:  #output_routine  a routine that controls an output device
           subtype:  #shareware  software that has been copyrighted but is sold to users with permission to copy it and give it to others
           subtype:  #shrink-wrapped_software  software on cd-roms that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)
           subtype:  #supervisory_software__supervisorysoftware  specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
           subtype:  #software_documentation__documentation  program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
           subtype:  #DBMS__database_management_system  a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database
              subtype:  #RDBMS__relational_database_management_system  a database management system designed to manage a relational database
              subtype:  #ODBMS__OODBMS__object-oriented_database_management_system  $("ODBMS" added as key, "OODBMS" added)$a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database
              subtype:  is#ORDBMS__object-relational_DBMS__extended_RDBM  DBMS mixing features from RDBMSs and ODBMSs but not being a genuine RDBMS nor ODBMS
                 subtype:  is#in_memory_ORDBMS
                 subtype:  is#Gigabase
              subtype:  is#DDBMS
              subtype:  is#in_memory_DBMS__IMDBMS  DBMS loading/mapping the whole database in main memory before answering a query
                 subtype:  is#in_memory_ODBMS
                    subtype:  is#FastDB
              subtype:  is#federated_DBMS__multi_DBMS
           subtype:  is#IR_system
              subtype:  is#distributed_IR_system
                 subtype:  is#distributed_hypertext_IR_system__distributedhypertextirsystem  e.g. the WWW
                    subtype:  is#WWW
                 subtype:  is#Semantic_Web
              subtype:  #hypertext_system__hypertextsystem  a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
           subtype:  km#KM_tool__knowledge_management_tool
              subtype:  km#knowledge_base_system__KBS
                 subtype:  km#KBMS
                    subtype:  km#graph_based_KBMS
                    subtype:  km#SNEPSwD
                    subtype:  km#CG_based_KBMS
                       subtype:  km#CGWorld
                       subtype:  km#PROLOG\+CG
                       subtype:  km#CoGITaNT
                       subtype:  km#Notio
                       subtype:  km#WebKB
                          subtype:  km#WebKB-1__WebKB_private_annotation_tool
                          subtype:  km#WebKB-2__WebKB_shared_annotation_tool
              subtype:  km#inference_engine__inferenceengine
              subtype:  km#KA_tool
                 subtype:  km#KADS_tool
              subtype:  km#terminological_analysis_tool
                 subtype:  km#ACABIT
                 subtype:  km#LEXTER
                 subtype:  km#TERMS
                 subtype:  km#XTract
              subtype:  km#knowledge_based_IR_system
                 subtype:  km#WebKB
                 subtype:  km#CGKAT
              subtype:  km#knowledge_interface_generator__knowledgeinterfacegenerator
                 subtype:  km#knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
              subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_tool
                 subtype:  km#CG_related_tool__cgrelatedtool
                    subtype:  km#CG_based_KBMS
                    subtype:  km#CG_graphical_editor
                    subtype:  km#NL_parser_with_CG_output
              subtype:  km#ontology_management_tool
              subtype:  km#FCA_tool
                 subtype:  km#FCA_structure_graphical_editor  graphic editor of FCA objects
        subtype:  #instruction.computer_code__command__statement__program_line__programline  (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program
           subtype:  #call.computer_code  an instruction that interrupts the program being executed; "Pascal performs calls by simply giving the name of the routine to be executed"
              subtype:  #function_call  a call that passes control to a subroutine; after the subroutine is executed control returns to the next instruction in main program
              subtype:  #system_call__supervisor_call_instruction  an instruction that interrupts the program being executed and passes control to the supervisor
           subtype:  #command_line__commandline  commands that a user types in in order to run an application
           subtype:  #link.computer_code  (computing) an instruction that connects one part of a program or an element on a list to another program or list
              subtype:  #hyperlink  a link from a hypertext file to another location or file; typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or icon at a particular location on the screen
           subtype:  #macro_instruction__macroinstruction__macro  a single computer instruction that results in a series of instructions in machine language
           subtype:  #system_error  an instruction that is either not recognized by an operating system or is in violation of the procedural rules
           subtype:  #toggle.computer_code  any instruction that works first one way and then the other; it turns something on the first time it is used and then turns it off the next time
        instance:  #ASCII
  subtype:  #capitalization.writing__capitalisation  writing in capital letters
  subtype:  #typing__typewriting  writing done with a typewriter
     subtype:  #double-spacing  typing that leaves alternate lines blank
     subtype:  #single-spacing  typing that does not leave lines blank
     subtype:  #triple-spacing  typing that leaves two lines blank between lines of typing
     subtype:  #touch_typing__touchtyping__touch_system__touchsystem  typewriting in which the fingers are trained to hit particular keys; typist can read and type at the same time
  subtype:  #printing.writing  text written in the style of printed matter
  subtype:  #handwriting.writing__hand__script  something written by hand; "she recognized his handwriting"; "his hand was illegible"
     subtype:  #shorthand__stenography  a method of writing rapidly
     subtype:  #longhand__running_hand__runninghand__cursive  rapid handwriting in which letters are set down in full and cursively connected within words without lifting the writing implement from the paper
        subtype:  #copperplate.longhand  a fine style of handwriting based on the writing used on copperplate engravings
        subtype:  #italic  a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right
        subtype:  #round_hand__roundhand  a clearly written style of longhand with large round curves
     subtype:  #calligraphy__penmanship  beautiful handwriting
     subtype:  #scribble__scratch__cacography  poor handwriting
        subtype:  #squiggle  an illegible scrawl
  subtype:  #hieroglyphic__hieroglyph  writing that resembles hieroglyphics (usually by being illegible)
  subtype:  #skywriting  writing formed in the sky by smoke released from an airplane
  subtype:  #printing_process__printing  reproduction by applying ink to paper as for publication
     subtype:  #typography.printing_process__composition  art and technique of printing with movable type
     subtype:  #relief_printing__letterpress__letterpres  printing from a plate with raised characters
     subtype:  #intaglio_printing  printing from a plate with depressed characters
        subtype:  #photogravure  printing from an intaglio plate prepared by photographic methods
           subtype:  #rotogravure.photogravure  printing by transferring an image from a photogravure plate to a cylinder in a rotary press
     subtype:  #process_printing__processprinting  a method of printing colored reproductions from halftone plates
     subtype:  #planographic_printing__planography  the process of printing from a surface on which the printing areas are not raised but are ink-receptive (as opposed to ink repellent)
        subtype:  #collotype_printing__collotypeprinting__collotype__photogelation_process__photogelationproces  a kind of color printing, used for the finest facsimile reproductions of works of art
        subtype:  #lithography.planographic_printing  a method of planographic printing from a metal or stone surface
           subtype:  #photolithography  a planographic printing process using plates made from a photographic image
           subtype:  #chromolithography  single- or multi-color lithography
           subtype:  #offset_lithography  offset printing by lithography
     subtype:  #offset_printing__offset  a plate makes an inked impression on a rubber-blanketed cylinder, which in turn transfers it to the paper
        subtype:  #photo-offset_printing__photo-offset__photooffset  a method of offset printing using photomechanical plates
        subtype:  #letterset_printing__lettersetprinting  image is transferred from a relief type plate to a roller
     subtype:  #carbon_process  a process of printing on paper coated with bichromated gelatin containing pigment
  subtype:  #notation__notational_system  a technical system of symbols used to represent special things
     subtype:  #mathematical_notation  a notation used by mathematicians
        subtype:  #numeration_system__number_system__number_representation_system__system_of_numeration  any notation for the representation of numbers
           subtype:  #positional_notation__positional_representation_system  a numeration system in which a real number is represented by an ordered set of characters where the value of a character depends on its position
              subtype:  #pure_binary_numeration_system__binary_numeration_system__binary_number_system__binary_system  a positional system of numeration that uses binary digits and a radix of 2
              subtype:  #octal_numeration_system__octal_number_system  a positional system of numeration that uses octal digits and a radix of 8
              subtype:  #decimal_numeration_system__decimal_number_system__decimal_system__decimalsystem  a positional system of numeration that uses decimal digits and a base of 10
                 subtype:  #algorism.decimal_numeration_system  the Arabic (or decimal) system of numeration
              subtype:  #hexadecimal_number_system__sexadecimal_number_system__hexadecimal_system__hexadecimalsystem  a positional system of numeration that uses hexadecimal digits and a radix of 16
        subtype:  #binary_notation  any notation that uses 2 characters (usually 0 and 1)
        subtype:  #decimal_notation__decimalnotation  any notation that uses 10 different characters (usually the digits 0 to 9)
        subtype:  #octal_notation__octalnotation  any mathematical notation that uses 8 different characters (usually the digits 0 to 7)
        subtype:  #hexadecimal_notation__hexadecimalnotation__sexadecimal_notation__sexadecimalnotation  any notation that uses 16 different characters
        subtype:  #sign.mathematical_notation  a character indicating a relation between quantities; "don't forget the minus sign"
           subtype:  #equals_sign  a sign indicating that the quantities on either side are equal
           subtype:  #plus_sign  a sign indicating the operation of addition
           subtype:  #minus_sign__minussign  a sign indicating the operation of subtraction
        subtype:  #decimal_point__decimalpoint__percentage_point  the dot at the left of a decimal fraction
        subtype:  #exponent.mathematical_notation__power__index  a mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is multiplied by itself
           subtype:  #degree.exponent  the highest power of a term or variable
              subtype:  #degree_of_a_term  the sum of the exponents of the variables in the term
              subtype:  #degree_of_a_polynomial  the degree of the term in the polynomial that has the highest degree
           subtype:  #logarithm__log  the exponent required to produce a given number
              subtype:  #common_logarithm  a logarithm to the base 10
              subtype:  #natural_logarithm__naturallogarithm__Napierian_logarithm  a logarithm to the base e
        subtype:  #radical_sign__radicalsign__radical  a sign placed in front of an expression to denote that a root is to be extracted
        subtype:  #fixed-point_notation__fixedpointnotation__fixed-point_representation_system  a radix numeration system in which the location of the decimal point is fixed by convention
        subtype:  #floating-point_notation__floating-point_representation_system  a radix numeration system in which the location of the decimal point is indicated by an exponent of the radix; the floating-point representation of 0.0012 is 0.12-2 where -2 is the exponent
        subtype:  #infix_notation__infixnotation  a notation for forming mathematical expressions using parentheses and governed by rules of operator precedence; operators are dispersed among the operands
        subtype:  #parenthesis-free_notation  a notation for forming mathematical expressions that does not use parentheses to delimit components
           subtype:  #prefix_notation__Lukasiewicz_notation__Polish_notation  a parenthesis-free notation for forming mathematical expressions in which each operator precedes its operands
           subtype:  #postfix_notation__postfixnotation__suffix_notation__reverse_Polish_notation  a parenthesis-free notation for forming mathematical expressions in which each operator follows its operands
     subtype:  #musical_notation__musicalnotation  a notation used by musicians
        subtype:  #bar_line__barline  a vertical line marking the boundary between musical bars
           subtype:  #double_bar  notation marking the end of principal parts of a musical composition; two adjacent bar lines
        subtype:  #tablature  a musical notation indicating the fingering to be used
        subtype:  #musical_scale__scale  a series of notes differing in pitch according to a specific scheme (usually within an octave)
           subtype:  #gamut.musical_scale  the entire scale of musical notes
           subtype:  #diatonic_scale  a scale with eight notes in an octave; all but two are separated by whole tones
              subtype:  #musical_mode__musicalmode__mode  any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave
                 subtype:  #ecclesiastical_mode__Gregorian_mode__church_mode__medieval_mode  any of a system of modes used in Gregorian chants up until 1600; derived historically from the Greek mode
                 subtype:  #Greek_mode  any of the descending diatonic scales in the music of classical Greece
                 subtype:  #major_scale__majorscale__major_diatonic_scale  a diatonic scale with notes separated by whole tones except for the 3rd and 4th and 7th and 8th
                 subtype:  #minor_scale__minorscale__minor_diatonic_scale  a diatonic scale with notes separated by whole tones except for the 2nd and 3rd and 5th and 6th
           subtype:  #chromatic_scale__chromaticscale  a 12-note scale including all the semitones of the octave
           subtype:  #gapped_scale  a musical scale with fewer than seven notes
              subtype:  #pentatonic_scale  a gapped scale with five notes
        subtype:  #musical_interval__musicalinterval__interval  the difference in pitch between two notes
           subtype:  #whole_tone__wholetone__tone__step__whole_step__wholestep  a musical interval of two semitones
           subtype:  #semitone__half_step  the musical interval between adjacent keys on a keyboard instrument
           subtype:  #quartertone  half of a semitone
           subtype:  #musical_octave__musicaloctave__octave  a musical interval of eight tones
           subtype:  #third.musical_interval  the musical interval between one note and another three notes away from it; "a simple harmony written in major thirds"
           subtype:  #fourth.musical_interval  the musical interval between one note and another four notes away from it
           subtype:  #fifth.musical_interval  the musical interval between one note and another five notes away from it
           subtype:  #sixth  the musical interval between one note and another six notes away from it
           subtype:  #seventh  the musical interval between one note and another seven notes away from it
        subtype:  #stave__staff  (music) the system of five horizontal lines on which the musical notes are written
        subtype:  #clef  a musical notation written on a staff indicating the pitch of the notes following it
           subtype:  #treble_clef__G_clef  a clef that puts the G above middle C on the second line of a staff
           subtype:  #bass_clef__F_clef  a clef that puts the F below middle C on the fourth line of a staff
           subtype:  #alto_clef__viola_clef__violaclef  a clef that puts middle C on the third line of a staff
           subtype:  #C_clef  a movable clef that puts middle C on one of the lines of a staff
           subtype:  #soprano_clef__sopranoclef  a clef that puts middle C on the bottom line of the staff
           subtype:  #tenor_clef__tenorclef  a clef that puts middle C on the fourth line of the staff; used for writing music for bassoons or cellos or tenor horns
        subtype:  #key_signature__keysignature__signature  the sharps or flats that follow the clef and indicate the key
        subtype:  #tonality__key  any of 24 major or minor diatonic scales that provide the tonal framework for a piece of music
        subtype:  #atonality__atonalism  the absence of a key; alternative to the diatonic system
        subtype:  #musical_time_signature__time_signature  a musical notation indicating the number of beats to a measure and kind of note that takes a beat
           subtype:  #alla_breve  a musical time signature indicating two or four half notes to a measure
        subtype:  #measure.musical_notation__bar  notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats; written followed by a vertical bar
        subtype:  #rest.musical_notation  a musical notation indicating a silence of a specified duration
           subtype:  #whole_rest__wholerest  a rest equal in duration to a whole note
        subtype:  #musical_note__musicalnote__note__tone  a notation representing the pitch and duration of a musical sound; "the singer held the note too long"
           subtype:  #tonic__keynote  (music) the first note of a diatonic scale
           subtype:  #supertonic  (music) the second note of a diatonic scale
           subtype:  #mediant  (music) the third note of a diatonic scale; midway between the tonic and the dominant
           subtype:  #subdominant  (music) the fourth note of the diatonic scale
           subtype:  #dominant  (music) the fifth note of the diatonic scale
           subtype:  #submediant  (music) the sixth note of a major or minor scale (or the third below the tonic)
           subtype:  #subtonic__leading_tone__leadingtone  (music) the seventh note of the diatonic scale
           subtype:  #pedal_point__pedalpoint__pedal  a sustained bass note
           subtype:  #trill__shake  a note that alternates rapidly with another note a semitone above it
           subtype:  #middle_C  the note designated by the first ledger line below the treble staff; 261.63 Hertz
           subtype:  #chord  a combination of three or more notes that blend harmoniously when sounded together
              subtype:  #arpeggio  a chord whose notes are played in rapid succession rather than simultaneously
              subtype:  #sforzando  an accented chord
              subtype:  #common_chord__triad  a 3-note major or minor chord; a note and its third and fifth tones
              subtype:  #seventh_chord__seventhchord  a triad with a seventh added
           subtype:  #passing_note__passingnote__passing_tone__passingtone  a nonharmonic note inserted for transition between harmonic notes
           subtype:  #whole_note__wholenote__semibreve  a musical note having the longest time value
           subtype:  #half_note__minim  a musical note having the time value of half a whole note
           subtype:  #quarter_note__quarternote__crotchet  a musical note having the time value of a quarter of a whole note
           subtype:  #eighth_note__quaver  a musical note having the time value of an eighth of a whole note
           subtype:  #sixteenth_note__sixteenthnote__semiquaver  a musical note having the time value of a sixteenth of a whole note
           subtype:  #thirty-second_note__demisemiquaver  a musical note having the time value of a thirty-second of a whole note
           subtype:  #sixty-fourth_note__hemidemisemiquaver  a musical note having the time value of a sixty-fourth of a whole note
           subtype:  #grace_note__gracenote__appoggiatura__acciaccatura  an embellishing note usually written in smaller size
           subtype:  #blue_note  a flattened third or seventh
        subtype:  #slur  (music) a curved line spanning notes that are to be played legato
           subtype:  #tie.slur  (music) a slur over two notes of the same pitch; indicates that the note is to be sustained for their combined time value
        subtype:  #sharp.musical_notation  a notation indicating one half step higher than the note named
        subtype:  #flat.musical_notation  a notation indicating one half step lower than the note named
        subtype:  #cancel__natural  a notation cancelling a previous sharp or flat
        subtype:  #accidental  a notation that makes a note sharp or flat or natural although that is not part of the key signature
        subtype:  #solmisation__solmization  a system of naming the notes of a musical scale by syllables instead of letters
           subtype:  #tonic_solfa__tonicsolfa__solfa  a system of solmization using the solfa syllables: do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti
        subtype:  #segno  (music) a notation written at the beginning or end of a passage that is to be repeated
        subtype:  #sforzando.musical_notation  (music) a notation written above a note and indicating that it is to be played with a strong initial attack
     subtype:  #choreography  a notation used by choreographers
        subtype:  #Labanotation  a system of notation for dance movements that uses symbols to represent points on a dancer's body and the direction of the dancer's movement and the tempo and the dynamics
     subtype:  #chemical_notation  a notation used by chemists to express technical facts in chemistry

5 statements are about indirect instances of #writing.symbols: pm#graph1_on_WebKB-2, km#graph6_on_article, km#graph10_on_article, pm#graph1_on_research_staff, pm#graph7_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement

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