pm#non_spatial_collection__nonspatialcollection__true_collection  something gathering separated things (entities/situations) and that is not a spatial object
  closed_exclusion:  pm#spatial_collection
  supertype:  pm#non_spatial_object_that_is_not_an_attribute_or_quality_or_measure  pm#collection
  subtype:  pm#domain__field_of_study__discipline__subject_area__subjectarea__subject_field__subjectfield__field__study__bailiwick__branch_of_knowledge  a branch of knowledge; "in what discipline is his doctorate?"; "teachers should be well trained in their subject"; "anthropology is the study of human beings"
     subtype:  #major.field_of_study  the principal field of study of a student at a university; "her major is linguistics"
     subtype:  #frontier.field_of_study  an undeveloped field of study; a topic inviting research and development; "he worked at the frontier of brain science"
     subtype:  #ology  an informal word (abstracted from words with this ending) for some unidentified branch of knowledge
     subtype:  #scientific_discipline__science  a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics"
        subtype:  #natural_science  the sciences involved in the study of the physical world and its phenomena
           subtype:  #life_science  any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms
              instance:  #biological_science__biology  the science that studies living organisms
                 >part:  #biogeography  dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
                 >part:  #botany__phytology  the branch of biology that studies plants
                    >part:  #mycology  the branch of botany that studies fungi and fungus-caused diseases
                    >part:  #pomology  the branch of botany that studies and cultivates fruits
                    >part:  #paleobotany__palaeobotany  the study of fossil plants
                       >part:  #paleodendrology__palaeodendrology  the branch of paleobotany that studies fossil trees
                 >part:  #cytology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
                 >part:  #bionomics__bionomic__ecology__environmental_science__environmentalscience  the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment
                    >part:  #paleoecology__palaeoecology  the branch of ecology that studies ancient ecology
                 >part:  #embryology  the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms
                    >part:  #teratology  the branch of biology concerned with the development of malformations or serious deviations from the normal type of organism
                 >part:  #exobiology__space_biology__spacebiology__astrobiology  the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life
                 >part:  #forestry  the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber
                    >part:  #silviculture  the branch of forestry dealing with the development and care of forests
                 >part:  #genetics__genetic_science__geneticscience  the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
                    >part:  #genomics  the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences)
                    >part:  #molecular_genetics  the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level
                 >part:  #microbiology  the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans
                 >part:  #molecular_biology__molecularbiology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)
                    >part:  #biotechnology  the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes; "biotechnology produced genetically altered bacteria that solved the problem"
                       >part:  #bioremediation  the branch of biotechnology that uses biological process to overcome environmental problems
                       >part:  #genetic_engineering__geneticengineering__gene-splicing__recombinant_DNA_technology  the technology of preparing recombinant DNA in vitro by cutting up DNA molecules and splicing together fragments from more than one organism
                 >part:  #morphology  the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants
                    >part:  #anatomy.morphology  the branch of morphology that deals with the structure of animals
                       >part:  #comparative_anatomy__comparativeanatomy  the study of anatomical features of animals of different species
                       >part:  #gross_anatomy__grossanatomy  the study of the structure of the body and its parts without the use of a microscope
                       >part:  #microscopic_anatomy__microscopicanatomy  the study of microscopic structures of tissues and organs
                          >part:  #cytology  the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
                          >part:  #histology  the branch of biology that studies the microscopic structure of animal or plant tissues
                       >part:  #neuroanatomy  the anatomy of the nervous system
                 >part:  #neurobiology  the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system
                    >part:  #neuroscience  the scientific study of the nervous system
                       >part:  #neurophysiology  the branch of neuroscience that studies the physiology of the nervous system
                       >part:  #brain_science__brainscience  the branch of neuroscience concerned with the brain
                 >part:  #paleobiology__palaeobiology  a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
                    >part:  #paleobotany__palaeobotany  the study of fossil plants
                    >part:  #paleozoology__palaeozoology  the study of fossil animals
                       >part:  #paleomammalogy  the paleobiology of ancient mammals
                       >part:  #paleornithology__palaeornithology  the paleobiology of birds
                 >part:  #physiology  the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
                    >part:  #kinesiology  the branch of physiology that studies the mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement
                    >part:  #myology  the branch of physiology that studies muscles
                 >part:  #radiobiology  the branch of biology that studies the effects of radiation on living organisms
                 >part:  #sociobiology  the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history
                 >part:  #zoology__zoological_science  the branch of biology that studies animals
                    >part:  #entomology  the branch of zoology that studies insects
                    >part:  #ethology  the branch of zoology that studies the behavior of animals in their natural habitats
                    >part:  #herpetology  the branch of zoology concerned with reptiles and amphibians
                    >part:  #ichthyology  the branch of zoology that studies fishes
                    >part:  #mammalogy  the branch of zoology that studies mammals
                       >part:  #primatology  the branch of zoology that studies primates
                    >part:  #ornithology  the branch of zoology that studies birds
                    >part:  #protozoology  the branch of zoology that studies protozoans
                    >part:  #paleozoology__palaeozoology  the study of fossil animals
              instance:  #biomedical_science  #dermatoglyphics__dermatoglyphic
              instance:  #dietetics__dietetic  the scientific study of food preparation and intake
                 >part:  #macrobiotics  the theory of promoting health and longevity by means of diet (especially whole beans and grains)
              instance:  #eugenics  #dysgenics__dysgenic__cacogenics
              instance:  #medical_science  the science of dealing with the maintenance of health and the prevention and treatment of disease
                 >part:  #medical_specialty__medicalspecialty__medicine  the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques
                    >part:  #allergology  the branch of medical science that studies the causes and treatment of allergies
                    >part:  #anesthesiology  the branch of medical science that studies and applies anesthetics
                    >part:  #angiology  the branch of medical science that studies the blood and lymph vessels and their disorders
                    >part:  #bacteriology  the branch of medical science that studies bacteria in relation to disease
                    >part:  #biomedicine.medical_specialty  the branch of medical science that studies the ability of organisms to withstand environmental stress (as in space travel)
                       >part:  #aeromedicine__aerospace_medicine__aerospacemedicine__aviation_medicine  the study and treatment of disorders associated with flight (especially with space flight)
                    >part:  #biomedicine  the branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice
                    >part:  #cardiology  the branch of medicine dealing with the heart and its diseases
                    >part:  #dentistry__dental_medicine__odontology  the branch of medicine dealing with the anatomy and development and diseases of the teeth
                       >part:  #cosmetic_dentistry  the branch of dentistry dealing with the appearance of the teeth
                       >part:  #dental_surgery  the branch of dentistry involving surgical procedures
                          >part:  #exodontics__exodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with extraction of teeth
                       >part:  #endodontics__endodontic__endodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the dental pulp
                       >part:  #orthodontics__orthodontia__orthodonture__dental_orthopedics__dental_orthopaedics  the branch of dentistry dealing with the prevention or correction of irregularities of the teeth
                       >part:  #periodontics__periodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the gums and other structures around the teeth
                       >part:  #prosthodontics__prosthodontia  the branch of dentistry dealing with the replacement of teeth and related mouth or jaw structures by artificial devices
                    >part:  #prosthetics__prosthetic  the branch of medicine dealing with the production and use of artificial body parts
                    >part:  #dermatology  the branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its diseases
                    >part:  #emergency_medicine__emergencymedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the prompt diagnosis and treatment of injuries or trauma or sudden illness
                    >part:  #endocrinology  the branch of medicine dealing with the endocrine glands and their secretions
                    >part:  #epidemiology  the branch of medical science dealing with the transmission and control of disease
                    >part:  #forensic_medicine__forensic_pathology  the branch of medical science that uses medical knowledge for legal purposes; "forensic pathology provided the evidence that convicted the murderer"
                    >part:  #gastroenterology  the branch of medicine that studies the gastrointestinal tract and its diseases
                    >part:  #geriatrics__gerontology  the branch of medical science that deals with diseases and problems specific to old people
                    >part:  #gynecology__gynaecology  the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases and hygiene of women
                    >part:  #hematology__haematology  the branch of medicine that deals with diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs
                    >part:  #hygienics__hygienic__hygiene  the science concerned with the prevention of illness and maintenance of health
                    >part:  #immunology  the branch of medical science that studies the body's immune system
                       >part:  #immunochemistry__chemoimmunology  the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)
                       >part:  #immunopathology  the branch of immunology that deals with pathologies of the immune system
                    >part:  #internal_medicine__general_medicine__generalmedicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and (nonsurgical) treatment of diseases of the internal organs (especially in adults)
                    >part:  #nephrology  the branch of medicine concerned with the kidney - its development and anatomy and physiology and disorders
                    >part:  #nuclear_medicine__nuclearmedicine  the branch of medicine that uses radioactive materials either to image a patient's body or to destroy diseased cells
                    >part:  #clinical_neurology__neurology  the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system and its disorders
                    >part:  #neuropsychiatry  the branch of medicine dealing with mental disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system
                    >part:  #nosology__diagnostics__diagnostic  the branch of medical science dealing with the classification of disease
                    >part:  #obstetrics__OB__tocology__midwifery  the branch of medicine dealing with childbirth and care of the mother
                       >part:  #fetology__foetology  the branch of medicine concerned with the fetus in the uterus
                       >part:  #perinatology  the branch of obstetrics concerned with the anatomy and physiology and diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mother and the fetus or newborn baby during late pregnancy and childbirth and the puerperium
                    >part:  #oncology  the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of tumors
                    >part:  #ophthalmology  the branch of medicine concerned with the eye and its diseases
                    >part:  #otology__otolaryngology  the branch of medicine concerned with the ear
                       >part:  #audiology__audiometry  the measurement of hearing
                    >part:  #pharmacology__pharmacological_medicine__pharmacologicalmedicine__materia_medica__materiamedica  the science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects
                       >part:  #pharmacokinetics  the study of the action of drugs in the body: method and rate of excretion; duration of effect; etc.
                       >part:  #posology  the pharmacological determination of appropriate doses of drugs and medicines
                       >part:  #psychopharmacology  the study of drugs that affect the mind
                       >part:  #toxicology  the branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature and effects and treatments of poisons
                    >part:  #pharmacy__pharmaceutics__pharmaceutic  the art and science of preparing and dispensing drugs and medicines,
                    >part:  #psychiatry__psychopathology__psychological_medicine__psychologicalmedicine  the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
                       >part:  #psychotherapeutics__psychotherapy__mental_hygiene  the branch of psychiatry concerned with psychological methods
                          >part:  #clinical_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies abnormal mentation and behavior
                    >part:  #pediatrics__paediatrics__paediatric__pediatric_medicine__pediatricmedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of infants and children
                       >part:  #neonatology  that branch of pediatric medicine concerned with the newborn; the diagnosis and treatment of neonates
                    >part:  #podiatry__chiropody  the branch of medicine concerned with the feet
                    >part:  #proctology  the branch of medicine dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the colon or rectum or anus
                    >part:  #rheumatology  the branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of pathologies of the muscles or tendons or joints
                    >part:  #space_medicine__spacemedicine  the branch of medicine concerned with the effects of space flight on human beings
                    >part:  #therapeutics  branch of medicine concerned with the treatment of disease
                    >part:  #thoracic_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the chest
                    >part:  #traumatology__accident_surgery  the branch of medicine that deals with the surgical repair of injuries and wounds arising from accidents
                    >part:  #tropical_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that are found most often in tropical regions
                    >part:  #urology__urogenitalmedicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the urinary tract or urogenital system
                    >part:  #veterinary_medicine  the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals (especially domestic animals)
                    >part:  #virology  the branch of medical science that studies viruses and viral diseases
                 >part:  #pathology.medical_science  the branch of medical science that studies the causes and nature and effects of diseases
                    >part:  #paleopathology__palaeopathology  the study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
                 >part:  #radiology  the branch of medical science dealing with the medical use of X-rays or other penetrating radiation
                 >part:  #serology  the branch of medical science that deals with serums; especially with blood serums and disease
                 >part:  #surgery.medical_science  the branch of medical science that treats disease or injury by operative procedures; "he is professor of surgery at the Harvard Medical School"
                    >part:  #orthopedics__orthopaedics  the branch of surgery concerned with disorders or deformities of the spine and joints
                 >part:  #neurology  the branch of medical science that deals with the nervous system and its disorders
              instance:  #phrenology
           instance:  #chemistry__chemical_science  the science of matter; the branch of the natural sciences dealing with the composition of substances and their properties and reactions
              >part:  #immunochemistry__chemoimmunology  the field of chemistry concerned with chemical processes in immunology (such as chemical studies of antigens and antibodies)
              >part:  #organic_chemistry__organicchemistry  the chemistry of compounds containing carbon (originally defined as the chemistry of substances produced by living organisms but now extended to substances synthesized artificially)
                 >part:  #biochemistry  the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occuring in organisms
                    >part:  #enzymology  the branch of biochemistry dealing with the chemical nature and biological activity of enzymes
                    >part:  #zymurgy  the branch of chemistry concerned with fermentation (as in making wine or brewing or distilling)
              >part:  #inorganic_chemistry__inorganicchemistry  the chemistry of compounds that do not contain hydrocarbon radicals
              >part:  #physical_chemistry  the branch of chemistry dealing with the physical properties of chemical substances
              >part:  #electrochemistry  branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of electricity and the production of electricity by chemical reactions
              >part:  #geochemistry  the chemistry of the earth's crust
              >part:  #photochemistry  branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical action of light
              >part:  #radiochemistry__nuclear_chemistry__nuclearchemistry  the chemistry of radioactive substances
           instance:  #physics__physic__physical_science__natural_philosophy__naturalphilosophy  the science of matter and energy and their interactions
              >part:  #acoustics__acoustic  the study of the physical properties of sound
                 >part:  #harmonics__harmonic  the study of musical sound
                 >part:  #phonetics__phonetic  the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis
              >part:  #astronomy__uranology  the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
                 >part:  #astrodynamics__astrodynamic  the branch of astronomy that studies the motion of natural and artificial bodies in space
                 >part:  #astrometry  the branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the position and motion of celestial bodies
                 >part:  #radio_astronomy__radioastronomy  the branch of astronomy that detects and studies the radio waves emitted by celestial bodies
                 >part:  #celestial_mechanics__celestialmechanic  the branch of astronomy concerned with the application of Newton's laws of motion to the motions of heavenly bodies
                 >part:  #astrophysics  the branch of astronomy concerned with the physical and chemical properties of celestial bodies
                    >part:  #cosmogony__cosmology  the branch of astrophysics that studies the origins and structure of the universe
                 >part:  #solar_physics__solarphysic  the branch of astronomy that deals with the sun
              >part:  #aeronautics__aeronautic__astronautics  the theory and practice of navigation through air or space
                 >part:  #avionics  science and technology of electronic systems and devices for aeronautics and astronautics: "avionics has become even more important with the development of the space program"
              >part:  #biophysics  physics as applied to biological problems
              >part:  #cryogenics__cryogeny  the branch of physics that studies the phenomena that occur at very low temperatures
              >part:  #crystallography  the branch of science that studies the formation and structure of crystals
              >part:  #electromagnetics__electromagnetism  the branch of physics concerned with electromagnetic phenomena
              >part:  #electronics__electronic  the branch of physics that deals with the emission and effects of electrons and with the use of electronic devices
                 >part:  #electron_optics  the branch of electronics that deals with beams of electrons and their focusing and deflection by magnetic fields
                 >part:  #microelectronics  the branch of electronics that deals with miniature components
                 >part:  #thermionics__thermionic  the branch of electronics dealing with thermionic phenomena (especially thermionic vacuum tubes)
              >part:  #electrostatics  the branch of physics that deals with static electricity
              >part:  #mechanics__mechanic  the branch of physics concerned with the motion of bodies in a frame of reference
                 >part:  #classical_mechanics__classicalmechanic__Newtonian_mechanics  the branch of mechanics based on Newton's laws of motion
                 >part:  #fluid_mechanics__fluidmechanic__hydraulics  study of the mechanics of fluids
                    >part:  #hydrostatics  study of the mechanical properties of fluids that are not in motion
                    >part:  #hydrodynamics__hydrodynamic__hydrokinetics__hydrokinetic  study of fluids in motion
                       >part:  #magnetohydrodynamics  the study of the interaction of magnetic fields and electrically conducting fluids (as plasma or molten metal)
                 >part:  #pneumatics  the branch of mechanics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases
                 >part:  #statics__static  the branch of mechanics concerned with forces in equilibrium
                 >part:  #dynamics__kinetics  the branch of mechanics concerned with the forces that cause motions of bodies
                    >part:  #ballistics  the science of flight dynamics
                 >part:  #kinematics  the branch of mechanics concerned with motion without reference to force or mass
                 >part:  #aeromechanics__aeromechanic__aerodynamics  the branch of mechanics that deals with the motion of gases (especially air) and their effects on bodies in the flow
              >part:  #nuclear_physics__nuclearphysic__atomic_physics__nucleonics  the branch of physics that studies the internal structure of atomic nuclei
              >part:  #optics  the branch of physics that studies the physical properties of light
                 >part:  #catoptrics  branch of optics dealing with formation of images by mirrors
                 >part:  #holography  the branch of optics that deals with the use of coherent light from a laser in order to make a hologram that can then be used to create a three-dimensional image
              >part:  #particle_physics__high-energy_physics  the branch of physics that studies subatomic particles and their interactions
              >part:  #plasma_physics  the branch of physics concerned with matter in its plasma phase
              >part:  #quantum_physics  the branch of physics based on quantum theory
                 >part:  #quantum_mechanics__quantummechanic  the branch of quantum physics that accounts for matter at the atomic level; an extension of statistical mechanics based on quantum theory (especially the Pauli exclusion principle)
                    >part:  #wave_mechanics  the modern form of quantum theory; an extension of of quantum mechanics based on Schrodinger's equation; atomic events are explained as interactions between particle waves
                 >part:  #quantum_field_theory__quantumfieldtheory  the branch of quantum physics that is concerned with the theory of fields; it was motivated by the question of how an atom radiates light as its electrons jump from excited states
                    >part:  #quantum_electrodynamics__quantumelectrodynamic__QED  a relativistic quantum theory of the electromagnetic interactions of photons and electrons and muons
                    >part:  #quantum_chromodynamics__QCD  a theory of strong interactions between elementary particles (including the interaction that binds protons and neutrons in the nucleus); it assumes that strongly interacting particles (hadrons) are made of quarks and that gluons bind the quarks together
              >part:  #rheology  the branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter
              >part:  #solid-state_physics__solidstatephysic  the branch of physics that studies the properties of materials in the solid state: electrical conduction in crystals of semiconductors and metals; superconductivity; photoconductivity
              >part:  #statistical_mechanics__statisticalmechanic  the branch of physics that makes theoretical predictions about the behavior of macroscopic systems on the basis of statistical laws governing its component particles
              >part:  #thermodynamics  the branch of physics concerned with the conversion of different forms of energy
                 >part:  #thermostatics__thermostatic__thermodynamics_of_equilibrium  the aspect of thermodynamics concerned with thermal equilibrium
           instance:  #earth_science__earthscience  any of the sciences that deal with the earth or its parts
              >part:  #geology  a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks
                 >part:  #hypsography  the scientific study of the earth's configuration above sea level (emphasizing the measurement of land altitudes relative to sea level)
                 >part:  #paleogeology__palaeogeology  the study of geologic features once at the surface of the earth but now buried beneath rocks
                 >part:  #geophysics__geophysical_science  geology that uses physical principles to study properties of the earth
                    >part:  #geomorphology__morphology  the branch of geology that studies the characteristics and configuration and evolution of rocks and land forms
                       >part:  #plate_tectonics__platetectonic__tectonic  the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust
                       >part:  #petrology  the branch of geology that studies rocks: their origin and formation and composition
                    >part:  #meteorology  science dealing with phenomena of the atmosphere; especially weather processes and weather forecasting
                       >part:  #climatology  meteorology of climates and their phenomena
                          >part:  #bioclimatology  the study of effects of climate on living organisms
                       >part:  #aerology  meteorology of the total extent of the atmosphere; especially the upper layers
                    >part:  #hydrology  the branch of geology that studies water on the earth and in the atmosphere: its distribution and uses and conservation
                    >part:  #seismology  the branch of geology that studies earthquakes
                    >part:  #volcanology__vulcanology  the branch of geology that studies volcanoes
                    >part:  #magnetics__magnetic__magnetism  the branch of science that studies magnetism
                    >part:  #geodesy  the branch of geology that studies the shape of the earth and the determination of the exact position of geographical points
                 >part:  #orology__orography  the science of mountains
                 >part:  #mineralogy  the branch of geology that studies minerals: their structure and properties and the ways of distinguishing them
                 >part:  #spelaeology__speleology  the scientific study of caves
                 >part:  #economic_geology  the branch of geology that deals with economically valuable geological materials
                    >part:  #petroleum_geology__petroleumgeology  the branch of economic geology that deals with the occurrence and exploitation of oil and gas fields
                    >part:  #mining_geology  the branch of economic geology that deals with the applications of geology to mining
              >part:  #oceanography  the branch of science dealing with physical and biological aspects of the oceans
                 >part:  #hydrography  the science of the measurement and description and mapping of the surface waters of the earth with special reference to navigation
              >part:  #limnology  the scientific study of bodies of fresh water for their biological and physical and geological properties
              >part:  #geography__geographics__geographic  study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation
                 >part:  #physical_geography__physiography  the study of physical features of the earth's surface
                 >part:  #topography.geography  precise detailed study of the surface features of a region
                 >part:  #economic_geography  the branch of geography concerned with the production and distribution of commodities
           instance:  #cosmography.natural_science
        instance:  #mathematics__math__maths__math  a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
           >part:  #pure_mathematics  the branches of mathematics that study and develop the principles of mathematics for their own sake rather than for their immediate usefulness
              >part:  #arithmetic  the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations
                 >part:  #algorism  computation with Arabic figures
              >part:  #geometry  the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces
                 >part:  #elementary_geometry__parabolic_geometry__parabolicgeometry__Euclidean_geometry  geometry based on Euclid's axioms: e.g., only one line can be drawn through a point parallel to another line
                 >part:  #non-Euclidean_geometry  geometry based on axioms different from Euclid's
                    >part:  #hyperbolic_geometry  a non-Euclidean geometry in which it is assumed that through any point there are two or more parallel lines that do not intersect a given line in the plane
                    >part:  #elliptic_geometry__Riemannian_geometry  a non-Euclidean geometry that regards space is like a sphere and a line is a great circle
                 >part:  #spherical_geometry__sphericalgeometry  the geometry of figures on the surface of a sphere
                 >part:  #analytic_geometry__analytical_geometry__coordinate_geometry  the use of algebra to study geometric properties; operates on symbols defined in a coordinate system
                 >part:  #plane_geometry__planegeometry  the geometry of 2-dimensional figures
                 >part:  #solid_geometry__solidgeometry  the geometry of 3-dimensional space
                 >part:  #projective_geometry__descriptive_geometry__descriptivegeometry  the geometry of properties that remain invariant under projection
              >part:  #trigonometry__trig  the mathematics of triangles and trigonometric functions
                 >part:  #spherical_trigonometry__sphericaltrigonometry  the trigonometry of spherical triangles
                 >part:  #triangulation.trigonometry  a trigonometric method of determining the position of a fixed point from the angles to it from two fixed points a known distance apart; useful in navigation
              >part:  #algebra  the mathematics of generalized arithmetical operations
                 >part:  #quadratics  a branch of algebra dealing with quadratic equations
                 >part:  #linear_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of linear equations and linear transformation
                 >part:  #vector_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of vectors and vector spaces
                    >part:  #vector_decomposition__decomposition  the analysis of a vector field
                 >part:  #matrix_algebra  the part of algebra that deals with the theory of matrices
              >part:  #infinitesimal_calculus__calculus__the_calculus  the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions
                 >part:  #analysis.infinitesimal_calculus__analysi  a branch of mathematics involving calculus and the theory of limits; sequences and series and integration and differentiation
                    >part:  #Fourier_analysis__harmonic_analysis  analysis of a periodic function into a sum of simple sinusoidal components
                 >part:  #differential_calculus__method_of_fluxions  the part of calculus that deals with the variation of a function with respect to changes in the independent variable (or variables) by means of the concepts of derivative and differential
                 >part:  #integral_calculus  the part of calculus that deals with integration and its application in the solution of differential equations and in determining areas or volumes etc.
                 >part:  #calculus_of_variations  the calculus of maxima and minima of definite integrals
              >part:  #set_theory__settheory  the branch of pure mathematics that deals with the nature and relations of sets
              >part:  #group_theory__grouptheory  the branch of mathematics dealing with groups
                 >part:  #Galois_theory  group theory applied to the solution of algebraic equations
              >part:  #topology__analysis_situs  the branch of pure mathematics that deals only with the properties of a figure X that hold for every figure into which X can be transformed with a one-to-one correspondence
              >part:  #metamathematics__metamathematic  the logical analysis of mathematical reasoning
           >part:  #applied_mathematics__appliedmathematic__applied_math__appliedmath  the branches of mathematics that are involved in the study of of the physical or biological or sociological world
              >part:  #linear_programming  a mathematical technique used in economics; finds the maximum or minimum of linear functions in many variables subject to constraints
              >part:  #statistics  a branch of applied mathematics concerned with the collection and interpretation of quantitative data and the use of probability theory to estimate population parameters
                 >part:  #nonparametric_statistics  the branch of statistics dealing with variables without making assumptions about the parameters of their distribution
              >part:  #probability_theory__probabilitytheory  the branch of applied mathematics that deals with probabilities
              >part:  is#mathematical_systems_theory
                 >part:  is#automata_theory
        instance:  #agronomy__scientific_agriculture  #agrobiology  #agrology  #architectonics__tectonics__tectonic
        instance:  #metallurgy  the science and technology of metals
           >part:  #powder_metallurgy  the metallurgy of powdered metals; how to produce solid metal objects from powdered metal by compaction and sintering
        instance:  #metrology  #nutrition
        instance:  #psychology__psychological_science__psychologicalscience  the science of mental life
           >part:  #associationism  theory that association is the basic principle of mental activity
           >part:  #differential_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies measurable differences between individuals
           >part:  #experimental_psychology__psychonomics  the branch of psychology that uses experimental methods to study psychological issues
              >part:  #psychophysics__psychophysic  the branch of psychology concerned with quantitative relations between physical stimuli and their psychological effects
           >part:  #behaviorism__behaviourism__behavioristic_psychology__behavioristicpsychology__behaviouristicpsychology  an approach to psychology that emphasizes observable measurable behavior
           >part:  #functionalism.psychology  a psychology based on the assumption that all mental process are useful to an organism in adapting to the environment
           >part:  #cognitive_psychology__cognitivepsychology  an approach to psychology that emphasizes internal mental processes
              >part:  #memory.cognitive_psychology  the area of cognitive psychology that studies memory processes; "he taught a graduate course on learning and memory"
              >part:  #problem_solving.cognitive_psychology  the area of cognitive psychology that studies the processes involved in solving problems
              >part:  #psycholinguistics__psycholinguistic  the branch of cognitive psychology that studies the psychological basis of linguistic competence and performance
           >part:  #applied_psychology__appliedpsychology__industrial_psychology  any of several branches of psychology that seek to apply psychological principles to practical problems of education or industry or marketing etc.
           >part:  #psychometry__psychometrics__psychometric__psychometrika  any branch of psychology concerned with psychological measurements
           >part:  #developmental_psychology__developmentalpsychology__genetic_psychology__geneticpsychology__child_psychology__childpsychology  the branch of psychology that studies the social and mental development of children
           >part:  #comparative_psychology__comparativepsychology__animal_psychology  the branch of psychology concerned with the behavior of animals
           >part:  #physiological_psychology__physiologicalpsychology__neuropsychology__psychophysiology  the branch of psychology that is concerned with the physiological bases of psychological processes
           >part:  #Gestalt_psychology__configurationism  an approach to psychology that emphasizes the importance of configurational properties
           >part:  #social_psychology  the branch of psychology that studies persons and their relationships with others and with groups and with society as a whole
              >part:  #group_dynamics  the branch of social psychology that studies the dynamics of interaction in social groups
        instance:  #information_science__informationscience__information_technology__informationtechnology__informatics__informatic__information_processing__informationprocessing__IS__IT__IP  the sciences concerned with gathering and manipulating and storing and retrieving and classifying recorded information
           >part:  #natural_language_processing__NLP__human_language_technology  the branch of information science that deals with natural language information
           >part:  #cybernetics  the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems)
           >part:  is#information_retrieval_science__informationretrievalscience__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
           >part:  km#knowledge_management_science__knowledge_management__knowledgemanagement__km__knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering__KE__conceptual_knowledge_processing__CKP__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA
              >part:  km#CG_domain__Conceptual_Graphs__Conceptual_Structures
              >part:  km#FCA_domain__Formal_Concept_Analysis
                 >part:  km#Temporal_Concept_Analysis
        instance:  #cognitive_science__cognitivescience
        instance:  #social_science  the branch of science that studies society and the relationships of individual within a society
           >part:  #civics  the social science of municipal affairs
           >part:  #anthropology  the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings
              >part:  #archeology__archaeology  the branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures
                 >part:  #paleontology__palaeontology__fossilology  the branch of archeology that studies fossil organisms and related remains
                    >part:  #paleobiology__palaeobiology  a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
                    >part:  #micropaleontology  the paleontology of microfossils
                    >part:  #vertebrate_paleontology  the paleontology of vertebrates
                       >part:  #paleoanthropology__palaeoanthropology__human_paleontology__humanpaleontology__human_palaeontology__humanpalaeontology  the scientific study of human fossils
                 >part:  #Assyriology  archeology of the ancient Assyrians
                 >part:  #Egyptology  archeology of ancient Egyptian artifacts
                 >part:  #Sumerology  the archeology of ancient Sumerians
                 >part:  #marine_archeology__marine_archaeology__underwater_archeology__underwater_archaeology  the archeology of underwater sites
                 >part:  #paleoclimatology__palaeoclimatology  the study of the climate of past ages
                 >part:  #paleogeography__palaeogeography  the study of the geography of ancient times or ancient epochs
                 >part:  #paleography  the study of ancient forms of writing (and the deciphering of them)
                    >part:  #epigraphy  the study of ancient inscriptions
                 >part:  #paleopathology__palaeopathology  the study of disease of former times (as inferred from fossil evidence)
                 >part:  #paletiology__palaetiology  the explanation of past events in terms of scientific causes (as geological causes)
                 >part:  #paleology__palaeology  the study of (especially prehistoric) antiquities
                 >part:  #protohistory__protoanthropology  the study humans prior to the invention of writing
                    >part:  #protoarcheology__protoarchaeology  the study of prehistoric human artifacts and human fossils
                 >part:  #paleoethnography__palaeoethnography  the ethnography of paleolithic humans
              >part:  #ethnography__descriptive_anthropology__descriptiveanthropology  the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies
              >part:  #ethnology  the branch of anthropology that deals with the division of humankind into races and with their origins and distribution and distinctive characteristics
              >part:  #physical_anthropology  the branch of anthropology dealing with the genesis and variation of human beings
                 >part:  #craniometry  the branch of physical anthropology dealing with the study and measurement of dry skulls after removal of its soft parts
              >part:  #social_anthropology__cultural_anthropology  the branch of anthropology that deals with human culture and society
                 >part:  #garbology  the study of a society by analyzing its garbage
                 >part:  #mythology.social_anthropology  the study of myths
                 >part:  #ritualism.social_anthropology  the study of religious or magical rites and ceremonies
           >part:  #political_science__politicalscience__politics__government  the study of government of states and other political units
              >part:  #geopolitics__geopolitic  the study of the effects of economic geography on the powers of the state
              >part:  #realpolitik__practicalpolitic  politics based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations
           >part:  #home_economics__domestic_science__household_arts  theory and practice of homemaking
           >part:  #economics__economic__economic_science__political_economy__politicaleconomy  the branch of social science that deals with the production and distribution and consumption of goods and services and their management
              >part:  #econometrics  the application of mathematics and statistics to the study of economic and financial data
              >part:  #finance.economics  the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets
              >part:  #macroeconomics  the branch of economics that studies the overall working of a national economy
              >part:  #microeconomics  the branch of economics that studies the economy of consumers or households or individual firms
              >part:  #supply-side_economics  the school of economic theory that stresses the costs of production as a means of stimulating the economy; advocates policies that raise capital and labor output by increasing the incentive to produce
           >part:  #proxemics__proxemic  the study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations
           >part:  #sociology  the study and classification of human societies
              >part:  #criminology  the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior and law enforcement
                 >part:  #penology__poenology  the branch of criminology concerned with prison management and prisoner rehabilitation
              >part:  #demography__human_ecology__humanecology  the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations
              >part:  #psephology  the branch of sociology that studies election trends (as by opinion polls)
              >part:  #sociometry  the quantitative study of social relationships
        instance:  #strategics
        instance:  #systematics__systematic  the science of systematic classification
           >part:  #biosystematics__biosystematy  use of data (e.g. cytogenetic or biochemical) to assess taxonomic relations especially within an evolutionary framework
           >part:  #taxonomy.systematics  (biology) study of the general principles of scientific classification
              >part:  #cladistics  a system of biological taxonomy based on the quantitative analysis of comparative data and used to reconstruct trees summarizing the (assumed) phylogenetic relations and evolutionary history of groups of organisms
        instance:  #thanatology  #cryptanalysis__cryptanalysi__cryptanalytics__cryptography__cryptology
        instance:  #linguistics  the scientific study of language
           >part:  #computational_linguistics__computationallinguistic  the use of computers for linguistic research and applications
              >part:  #machine_translation__machinetranslation__MT  the use of computers to translate from one language to another
           >part:  #dialect_geography__dialectgeography__linguistic_geography  the study of the geographical distribution of linguistic features
           >part:  #etymology.studies  the study of the sources and development of words
              >part:  #lexicostatistics  a statistical technique used in glottochronology; used to estimate how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language
           >part:  #historical_linguistics__diachronic_linguistics__comparative_linguistics__comparativelinguistic  the study of linguistic change
              >part:  #etymology.studies  the study of the sources and development of words
           >part:  #lexicology  the branch of linguistics that studies the lexical component of language
              >part:  #onomastics  the branch of lexicology that studies the origins and history of proper names
           >part:  #sociolinguistics  the study of language in relation to its sociocultural context
           >part:  #structuralism__structural_linguistics  linguistics defined as the analysis of formal structures in a text or discourse
           >part:  #synchronic_linguistics__descriptive_linguistics__descriptivelinguistic  an explanation of a person's mastery of their native language
              >part:  #grammar.studies  studies of the formation of basic linguistic units
                 >part:  #syntax.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences
                 >part:  #morphology.grammar.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible words
                    >part:  #inflectional_morphology__accidence  the part of grammar that deals with the inflections of words
                    >part:  #derivational_morphology  the part of grammar that deals with the derivations of words
                    >part:  #compound_morphology  the part of grammar that deals with combinations of simple words into compound words
              >part:  #phonology__phonemics__phonemic  the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes
              >part:  #morphophonemics__morphophonemic  the study of the phonological realization of the allomorphs of the morphemes of a language
           >part:  is#theoretical_linguistics__theoreticallinguistic
              >part:  #phonetics__phonetic  the branch of acoustics concerned with speech processes including its production and perception and acoustic analysis
              >part:  #phonology__phonemics__phonemic  the study of the sound system of a given language and the analysis and classification of its phonemes
              >part:  #morphology.grammar.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible words
              >part:  #syntax.studies  studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences
              >part:  #semantics__semantic  the study of language meaning
                 >part:  #deixis  the function of pointing or specifying from the perspective of a participant in an act of speech or writing; aspects of a communication whose interpretation depends on knowledge of the context in which the communication occurs
                 >part:  is#lexical_semantics__lexicalsemantic
                 >part:  km#semantics_of_logic  approaches that logicians have introduced to understand and determine that part of meaning in which they are interested; the logician traditionally is not interested in the sentence as uttered but in the proposition, an idealised sentence suitable for logical manipulation
                    >part:  km#model-theoretic_semantics__modeltheoreticsemantic  the most widepsread approach, and is based on the idea that the meaning of the various parts of the propositions are given by the possible ways we can give a recursively specified group of interpretation functions from them to some predefined mathematical domains: an interpretation of first-order predicate logic is given by a mapping from terms to a universe of individuals, and a mapping from propositions to the truth values "true" and "false"
                    >part:  km#proof-theoretic_semantics__prooftheoreticsemantic  approach associating the meaning of propositions with the roles that they can play in inferences
              >part:  is#stylistics
                 >part:  is#prescription
              >part:  #pragmatics  the study of language use
           >part:  is#applied_linguistics__appliedlinguistic
           >part:  is#cognitive_linguistics__cognitivelinguistic
     subtype:  #humanistic_discipline__humanities__liberal_arts__arts  studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills); "the college of arts and sciences"
        instance:  #classicism  a movement in literature and art during the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe that favored rationality and restraint and strict forms; "classicism often derived its models from the ancient Greeks and Romans"
           >part:  #neoclassicism  classicism revived; a revival of the classical style in art or literature
        instance:  #romanticism.artistic_style  #English  #history.humanistic_discipline
        instance:  #chronology  the determination of the actual temporal sequence of past events
           >part:  #glottochronology  the determination of how long ago different languages evolved from a common source language; "he mapped the glottochronology of the Romance languages"
        instance:  #fine_arts__beaux_arts
        instance:  #philosophy  the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics
           >part:  #ethics__moral_philosophy__moralphilosophy  the philosophical study of moral values and rules
              >part:  #casuistry  moral philosophy based on the application of general ethical principles to resolve moral dilemmas
                 >part:  #probabilism.casuistry  a Roman Catholic system of casuistry that when expert opinions differ an actor can follow any solidly probable opinion that he wishes even though some different opinion might be more probable
              >part:  #eudemonism__endaemonism  an ethical system that evaluates actions by reference to personal well-being through a life based on reason
              >part:  #hedonism.ethics  an ethical system that evaluates the pursuit of pleasure as the highest good
           >part:  #etiology__aetiology  the philosophical study of causation
           >part:  #aesthetics__esthetics__esthetic  the branch of philosophy dealing with beauty and taste (emphasizing the evaluative criteria that are applied to art); "traditional aesthetics assumed the existence of universal and timeless criteria of artistic value"
           >part:  #axiology  the study of values and value judgments
           >part:  #legal_philosophy__legalphilosophy__jurisprudence  the branch of philosophy concerned with the law
           >part:  #metaphysics__metaphysic  the philosophical study of being and knowing
              >part:  #ontology  the metaphysical study of the nature of being and existence
              >part:  #cosmology  the metaphysical study of the origin and nature of the universe
           >part:  #dialectic  any formal system of reasoning that arrives at the truth by the exchange of logical arguments
           >part:  #logic.philosophy  the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference
              >part:  #modal_logic.logic  the logical study of necessity and possibility
              >part:  km#inductive_reasoning_system__inductivereasoningsystem  study of deriving a "reliable" ("inductively valid") generalization from observations
              >part:  km#deductive_reasoning_system__deductivereasoningsystem  an inference is "deductively valid" if and only if there is no possible situation in which all the premises are true and the conclusion false
              >part:  km#binary_logic__boolean_logic__booleanlogic  logic where the principle of bivalence is respected; this principle states that for any proposition P, either P is true or P is false
              >part:  km#multi-valued_logic__many-valued_logic  logic in which there are more than two possible truth values
                 >part:  km#fuzzy_logic__fuzzylogic
                 >part:  km#probability_logic__probabilitylogic
              >part:  km#informal_logic  study of logic as used in natural language arguments
              >part:  km#formal_logic
                 >part:  km#philosophical_logic__philosophicallogic  deals with formal descriptions of natural language and hence philosophical logicians have contributed a great deal to the development of non-standard logics
                 >part:  km#mathematical_logic__symbolic_logic__metamathematics__metamathematic
                    >part:  km#application_of_techniques_of_formal_logic_to_mathematics
                       >part:  km#logicism  pioneered by philosopher-logicians such as Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell: the idea was that mathematical theories were logical tautologies, and the programme was to show this by means to a reduction of mathematics to logic. The various attempts to carry this out met with a series of failures, from the crippling of Frege's project in his Grundgesetze by Russell's Paradox, to the defeat of Hilbert's Program by Gödel's incompleteness theorems; however, every rigorously defined mathematical theory can be exactly captured by a first-order logical theory; Frege's proof calculus is enough to describe the whole of mathematics, though not equivalent to it
                    >part:  km#application_of_mathematical_techniques_to_formal_logic
                    >part:  km#sentential_logic__propositional_logic__propositional_calculus  proof theory for reasoning with propositional formulas as symbolic logic; it is extensional
                    >part:  km#predicate_logic__predicatelogic__predicate_calculus  permits the formulation of quantified statements such as "there is at least one X such that..." or "for any X, it is the case that...", where X is an element of a set called the domain of discourse
                       >part:  km#FOL__first-order_logic__firstorderlogic__first-order_predicate_calculus__predicate_logic__predicatelogic  FOL is distinguished from HOL in that it does not allow statements such as "for every property, it is the case that..." or "there exists a set of objects such that..."; it is a stronger theory than sentential logic, but a weaker theory than arithmetic, set theory, or second-order logic; it is strong enough to formalize all of set theory and thereby virtually all of mathematics
                          >part:  km#PCEF_logic__logic_of_positive_conjunctive_existential_formulas
                       >part:  km#HOL__higher-order_logic  based on a hierarchy of types
                    >part:  km#logic_for_reasoning_about_computer_programs
                       >part:  km#Hoare_logic
                       >part:  km#logic_for_reasoning_about_concurrent_processes_or_mobile_processes
                          >part:  km#CSP
                          >part:  km#CCS
                          >part:  km#pi-calculus
                       >part:  km#logic_for_capturing_computability__logicforcapturingcomputability
                          >part:  km#computability_logic__computabilitylogic
                 >part:  km#non-modal_logic__nonmodallogic__extensional_logic__extensionallogic  as opposed to intensional logics, the truth value of a complex sentence is determined by the truth values of its sub-sentences
                 >part:  km#modal_logic__intensional_logic__intensionallogic  sentences are qualified by modalities such as possibly and necessarily; both "Bush is president" and "2+2=4" are true, yet "Necessarily, Bush is president" is false, while "Necessarily, 2+2=4" is true
                    >part:  km#deontic_logic__deonticlogic
                    >part:  km#epistemic_logic__epistemiclogic
                    >part:  km#temporal_logic  system of rules and symbolism for representing, and reasoning about, propositions qualified in terms of time
                       >part:  km#tense_logic__tenselogic
                       >part:  km#computational_tree_logic__CTL
                       >part:  km#linear_temporal_logic
                    >part:  km#conditional_logic__conditionallogic
                 >part:  km#classical_logic
                 >part:  km#non_classical_logic
                 >part:  km#type_theory  branch of mathematics and logic that concerns itself with classifying entities into sets called types
                 >part:  km#term_logic__traditional_logic__traditionallogic
                    >part:  #Aristotelian_logic
                 >part:  km#dialectical_logic__dialecticallogic
           >part:  #epistemology  the philosophical theory of knowledge
              >part:  #methodological_analysis__methodology  the branch of philosophy that analyzes the principles and procedures of inquiry in a particular discipline
           >part:  #transcendentalism__transcendentalphilosophy  any system of philosophy emphasizing the intuitive and spiritual above the empirical and material
        instance:  #literary_study  the humanistic study of literature
           >part:  #literature.literary_study  the humanistic study of a body of literature; "he took a course in French literature"
           >part:  #comparative_literature__comparativeliterature  study of literary works from different cultures (often in translation)
           >part:  #literary_criticism  the informed analysis and evaluation of literature
           >part:  #poetics__poetic  study of poetic works
              >part:  #prosody  the study of poetic meter and the art of versification
           >part:  #classics  study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome
           >part:  #rhetoric  study of the technique and rules for using language effectively (especially in public speaking)
        instance:  #library_science__libraryscience  #philology__linguistics  #musicology  #Sinology
     instance:  #allometry  #bibliotics
     instance:  #architecture.field_of_study  the discipline dealing with the principles of design and construction and ornamentation of fine buildings; "architecture and eloquence are mixed arts whose end is sometimes beauty and sometimes use"
        >part:  #landscape_architecture__landscapearchitecture  the branch of architecture dealing with the arrangement of land and buildings for human use and enjoyment
        >part:  #urban_planning__urbanplanning  the branch of architecture dealing with the design and organization of urban space and activities
        >part:  #interior_design  the branch of architecture dealing with the selection and organization of furnishings for an architectural interior
     instance:  #engineering_science__engineeringscience__engineering__applied_science__appliedscience__technology  the discipline dealing with the art or science of applying scientific knowledge to practical problems; "he had trouble deciding which branch of engineering to study"
        >part:  #aeronautical_engineering.engineering_science__aeronauticalengineering  the branch of engineering science concerned with the design and construction of aircraft
        >part:  #bionics__bionic  application of biological principals to the study and design of engineering systems (especially electronic systems)
        >part:  #bioengineering__biotechnology__ergonomics  the branch of engineering science in which biological science is used to study the relation between workers and their environments
        >part:  #chemical_engineering.engineering_science__chemicalengineering  the branch of engineering that is concerned with the design and construction and operation of the plants and machinery used in industrial chemical processes
        >part:  #civil_engineering__civilengineering  the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction of such public works as dams or bridges
           >part:  #hydraulic_engineering__hydraulicengineering  the branch of civil engineering dealing with the use and control of water in motion
        >part:  #electrical_engineering__EE  the branch of engineering science that studies the uses of electricity and the equipment for power generation and distribution and the control of machines and communication
           >part:  #telecommunication_domain__telecommunicationdomain  (often plural) the branch of electrical engineering concerned with the technology of electronic communication at a distance
        >part:  #computer_science__computational_science__computationalscience  the branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures
           >part:  #artificial_intelligence__AI  the branch of computer science that deal with writing computer programs that can solve problems creatively; "workers in AI hope to imitate or duplicate intelligence in computers and robots"
              >part:  #machine_translation__machinetranslation__MT  the use of computers to translate from one language to another
              >part:  #robotics  the area of AI concerned with the practical use of robots
                 >part:  #animatronics  the construction of robots to look like animals (developed for Disneyland)
                 >part:  #telerobotics  the area of robotics that is concerned with the control of robots from a distance
              >part:  is#machine_learning_science__machine_learning__machinelearning__ML
           >part:  is#software_engineering_science__software_engineering
           >part:  is#database_management_science__database_management
        >part:  #architectural_engineering__architecturalengineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the construction of buildings (as distinguished from architecture as a design art)
        >part:  #industrial_engineering__industrial_management  the branch of engineering that deals with the creation and management of systems that integrate people and materials and energy in productive ways
        >part:  #mechanical_engineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of machinery
           >part:  #tribology  the branch of engineering that deals with the interaction of surfaces in relative motion (as in bearings or gears): their design and friction and wear and lubrication
        >part:  #nanotechnology  the branch of engineering that deals with things smaller than 100 nanometers (especially with the manipulation of individual molecules)
        >part:  #nuclear_engineering__nuclearengineering  the branch of engineering concerned with the design and construction and operation of nuclear reactors
        >part:  #naval_engineering__navalengineering  the branch of engineering that deals with the design and construction and operation of ships
        >part:  #rocketry  the branch of engineering science that studies rocket design and operation
     instance:  #theology.field_of_study__divinity  the rational and systematic study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truth
        >part:  #apologetics__apologetic  the branch of theology that is concerned with the defense of Christian doctrines
        >part:  #eschatology  the branch of theology that is concerned with such final things as death and judgment; heaven and hell; the end of the world
        >part:  #hermeneutics  the branch of theology that deals with principles of exegesis
        >part:  #homiletics.theology  the branch of theology that deals with sermons and homilies
        >part:  #liturgics__liturgic__liturgiology  the study of liturgies
        >part:  #theodicy  the branch of theology that defends God's goodness and justice in the face of the existence of evil
     instance:  #military_science  the discipline dealing with the principles of warfare
        >part:  #tactics__tactic  the branch of military science dealing with detailed maneuvers to achieve objectives set by strategy
        >part:  #strategy.military_science  the branch of military science dealing with military command and the planning and conduct of a war
     instance:  #numerology
  subtype:  pm#structured_ADT__structured_abstract_data_type
     subtype:  sumo#list  a particular ordered n-tuple of items; generally speaking, lists are created by means of the list_fn function, which takes any number of items as arguments and returns a list with the items in the same order; anything, including other lists, may be an item in a list; note too that lists are extensional - two lists that have the same items in the same order are identical; note too that a list (the null_list) may contain no items
        subtype:  sumo#unique_list  a list in which no item appears more than once, i.e. a list for which there are no distinct numbers ?n1 and ?n2 such that (sumo#list_order_fn ?list ?n1) and (sumo#list_order_fn ?list ?n2) return the same value
           subtype:  kif#null__null_list  type of empty lists
              instance:  sumo#null_list
           subtype:  kif#single__list_with_1_element  list of length 1
        subtype:  kif#double__list_with_2_elements  list of length 2
        subtype:  kif#triple__list_with_3_elements  list of length 3
        subtype:  rdfs#container
           subtype:  rdf#bag
           subtype:  rdf#seq
              subtype:  rdf#list
                 subtype:  daml#disjoint__disjoint_list_of_classes  classes in such a list are pairwise disjoint
           subtype:  rdf#alt  alternatives (exclusive or inclusive?)
              subtype:  pm#or_bag  bag of OR-ed elements
              subtype:  pm#xor_bag__xorbag  bag of XOR-ed elements
        subtype:  lis#multidimensional_object  ordered list of thing; click here for details
           subtype:  lis#multidimensional_property_space
           subtype:  lis#multidimensional_number
           subtype:  lis#multidimensional_property
           subtype:  lis#multidimensional_number_space
           subtype:  lis#multidimensional_scale
     subtype:  kif#set  ADT where duplicate elements are not allowed
        subtype:  pm#or_set  set of OR-ed elements
        subtype:  pm#xor_set__xorset  set of XOR-ed elements
     subtype:  pm#number_container
     subtype:  pm#array
        subtype:  pm#string  a string of characters
           subtype:  rdfs#XML_literal
              subtype:  rdfs#Literal
                 subtype:  pm#name_string
           subtype:  sumo#character  element of an alphabet, a set of numerals, etc.; sumo#character is a subclass of sumo#symbolic_string, because every instance of sumo#character is an alphanumeric sequence consisting of a single element
     subtype:  pm#queue
     subtype:  pm#stack
     subtype:  pm#keyed_collection_ADT
     subtype:  pm#graph_ADT
        subtype:  sumo#graph__connected_graph__connectedgraph  every graph is assumed to contain at least two arcs and three nodes
     subtype:  #lattice  an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions
        subtype:  #space_lattice__spacelattice__crystal_lattice__crystallattice__Bravais_lattice  a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal
     subtype:  rdf#statement
     subtype:  pm#ontology  a set of categories, and definitions or axioms about these categories
        subtype:  dolce#Dolce_version__Dolce  a version of the Dolce ontology
           subtype:  dolce#dolce_full__dolcefull__Dolce  a full version of Dolce
           subtype:  dolce#Dolce_lite__dl  a restricted version of Dolce that can be expressed in OWL DL
     subtype:  xmls#block_set__blockset
     subtype:  owl#data_range
  subtype:  pm#type  second-order type or more
     subtype:  rdfs#class__clas  rdfs#class has pm#binary_relation_type as instance and hence is different from sumo#class
        subtype:  sumo#class__clas  classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g., the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances
           subtype:  rdfs#datatype
           subtype:  owl#restriction
           subtype:  owl#all_different__alldifferent
           subtype:  owl#deprecated_class
           subtype:  dl#rigid__RG  "all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity
           subtype:  dl#leaf_type__L  type without subtype
           subtype:  dl#non-empty__nonempty__NEP  such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance
              subtype:  dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant
           subtype:  pm#situation_class__situationclas  all situation types are instance of this class
              subtype:  pm#sumo_process_class  all SUMO process types are instance of this class
                 instance:  sumo#process__proces__physicalsituation  intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
                    subtype:  sumo#dual_object_process  process requiring two nonidentical patients
                    subtype:  #state  the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
                       subtype:  #skillfulness  the state of being cognitively skillful
                          subtype:  #expertness__expertise  skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge
                             subtype:  #professionalism  the expertness characteristic of a professional person
                          subtype:  #coordination.skillfulness  the skillful and effective interaction of movements
                          subtype:  #versatility  having a wide variety of skills
                          subtype:  #command.skillfulness__control__mastery  great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French"
                          subtype:  #adeptness__adeptnes__adroitnes__deftness__facility__quickness__quicknes  skillful performance or ability without difficulty; "his quick adeptness was a product of good design"; "he was famous for his facility as an archer"
                             subtype:  #touch.adeptness  deftness in handling matters; "he has a master's touch"
                                subtype:  #finishing_touch__finishingtouch__capstone__copestone  a final touch; a crowning achievement; a culmination
                             subtype:  #manual_dexterity__dexterity__sleight  adroitness in using the hands
                          subtype:  #fluency  skillfulness in speaking or writing
                          subtype:  #proficiency.skillfulness__technique  skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; "practice greatly improves proficiency"
                             subtype:  #brushwork  an artist's distinctive technique of applying paint with a brush
                             subtype:  #musketry.proficiency  the technique of using small arms (especially in battle)
                          subtype:  #efficiency.skillfulness  skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; "she did the work with great efficiency"
                             subtype:  #economy  the efficient use of resources; "economy of effort"
                       subtype:  #cognitive_state__cognitivestate__state_of_mind  the state of a person's cognitive processes
                          subtype:  #interestedness  the state of being interested
                          subtype:  #amnesia__memory_loss__blackout  partial or total loss of memory: "he has a total blackout for events of the evening"
                             subtype:  #anterograde_amnesia__anterogradeamnesia__posttraumatic_amnesia__posttraumaticamnesia  loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma; sometimes in effect for events during and for a long time following the trauma
                             subtype:  #retrograde_amnesia  loss of memory for events immediately preceding a trauma
                             subtype:  #forgetfulness__forgetfulnes  tendency to forget
                             subtype:  #selective_amnesia__selectiveamnesia  amnesia about particular events that is very convenient for the person who cannot remember; "why do politicians always develop selective amnesia when questioned about their transgressions?"
                                subtype:  #posthypnotic_amnesia  selective amnesia after being in a hypnotic state of events occurring during hypnosis or of information designated by the hypnotist
                             subtype:  #transient_global_amnesia  memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons; characterized by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment that lasts for several hours; person is otherwise alert and intellectually active
                          subtype:  #paramnesia  (psychiatry) a disorder of memory in which dreams or fantasies are confused with reality
                          subtype:  #set.cognitive_state__readiness__readines  (psychology) a temporary readiness to respond in a particular way; "the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution"; "his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set"
                          subtype:  #ivory_tower__ivorytower  a state of mind that is discussed as if it were a place; "he lived in the ivory tower of speculation"; "they viewed universities as ivory towers"
                          subtype:  #consciousness__consciousnes  an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; "he lost consciousness"
                             subtype:  #stream_of_consciousness.consciousness__streamofconsciousnes  the continuous flow of ideas and feelings that constitute an individual's conscious experience
                             subtype:  #self.consciousness__ego  your consciousness of your own identity
                                subtype:  #anima  (Jungian psychology) the inner self (not the external persona) that is in touch with the unconscious
                             subtype:  #awareness__sentience  state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; "the crash intruded on his awareness"
                             subtype:  #sensibility  mental responsiveness and awareness
                             subtype:  #waking  the state of remaining awake; "days of danger and nights of waking"
                                subtype:  #wakefulness__wakefulnes  a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
                                   subtype:  #arousal.wakefulness  awakening from sleep
                                   subtype:  #vigil  a period of sleeplessness
                          subtype:  #unconsciousness__unconsciousnes  a state lacking normal awareness of the environment
                             subtype:  #unknowingness__unknowingnes__unawarenes  unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention
                                subtype:  #forgetfulness.unknowingness__forgetfulnes  unawareness caused by neglectful or heedless failure to remember; "his forgetfulness increased as he grew older"
                                   subtype:  #obliviousness__obliviousnes  total forgetfulness; "he sought the great oblivion of sleep"
                                subtype:  #unselfconsciousness  the quality of being not self-conscious; unawareness of yourself or of others' views of yourself; "he had the unselfconsciousness of a child"
                             subtype:  #blackout.unconsciousness  a momentary loss of consciousness
                             subtype:  #semiconsciousness__semiconsciousnes__groggines__stupor__stupefaction  marginal consciousness; "his grogginess was caused as much by exhaustion and by the blows"; "someone stole his wallet while he was in a drunken stupor"
                             subtype:  #comatoseness__coma  a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury
                                subtype:  #diabetic_coma__Kussmaul's_coma  coma that can develop in inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus
                                subtype:  #hepatic_coma__hepaticcoma  coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
                             subtype:  #electrosleep  unconsciousness brought about by the passage of a low voltage electric current through the brain
                             subtype:  #semicoma  a mild comatose state; a coma from which the person can be roused by appropriate stimuli
                             subtype:  #insensibility  a lack of sensibility
                             subtype:  #trance  a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep
                                subtype:  #hypnotic_trance  a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist
                                subtype:  #religious_trance__religioustrance__ecstaticstate  a trance induced by intense religious devotion; does not show reduced bodily functions that are typical of other trances
                             subtype:  #semitrance  a trance-like state in which the person can follow instructions but voluntary action is weak or absent
                             subtype:  #narcosis  unconsciousness induced by narcotics or anesthesia
                                subtype:  #nitrogen_narcosis  confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure"
                          subtype:  #subconsciousness  a state of mind not immediately available to consciousness
                          subtype:  #curiosity__wonder  a state in which you want to learn more about something
                             subtype:  #desire_to_know__lust_for_learning__thirst_for_knowledge  curiosity that motivates investigation and study
                             subtype:  #interest.curiosity__involvement  a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music"
                                subtype:  #enthusiasm.interest  a lively interest; "enthusiasm for his program is growing"
                                   subtype:  #Anglomania  an excessive enthusiasm for all things English
                                subtype:  #concern  something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
                                   subtype:  #worldly_concern__worldlyconcern__earthly_concern__earthlyconcern__world__earth  the concerns of the world as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife; "they consider the church to be independent of the world"
                                   subtype:  #affair__matter__thing  a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"
                                   subtype:  #personal_business__affairs__affair  matters of personal concern: "get his affairs in order"
                                   subtype:  #part.concern  so far as concerns the actor specified; "it requires vigilance on our part" or "they resisted every effort on his part"
                                   subtype:  #point_of_honor  a concern that seriously reflects on your honor
                             subtype:  #curiousness__curiousnes__inquisitivenes  a state of active curiosity
                                subtype:  #nosiness__prying__snoopiness  offensive inquisitiveness
                          subtype:  #mental_confusion__confusion__disarray  a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior
                             subtype:  #disorientation  confusion about what you are or what you are doing
                             subtype:  #distraction.mental_confusion  mental turmoil; "he drives me to distraction"
                             subtype:  #daze__fog  confusion characterized by lack of clarity
                             subtype:  #half-cock  confusion resulting from lack of preparation
                             subtype:  #jamais_vu  the experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar; associated with certain types of epilepsy
                             subtype:  #bewilderment__obfuscation__puzzlement__befuddlement__mystification__bafflement__bemusement  confusion resulting from failure to understand
                             subtype:  #perplexity  trouble or confusion resulting from complexity
                                subtype:  #mystery__enigma__secret__closed_book  something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; "how it got out is a mystery"; "it remains one of nature's secrets"
                                subtype:  #maze__tangle__snarl  something jumbled or confused; "a tangle of government regulations"
                                subtype:  #dilemma__quandary  state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
                                   subtype:  #double_bind  (psychology) an unresolvable dilemma; situation in which a person receives contradictory messages from a person who is very powerful
                          subtype:  #certainty  the state of being certain: "his certainty reassured the others"
                             subtype:  #self-assurance__assurance__confidence__self-confidence__authority__sureness  freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority"
                             subtype:  #certitude__cocksureness__overconfidence  total certainty or greater certainty that circumstances warrant
                             subtype:  #reliance.certainty__trust  certainty based on past experience; "he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists"; "he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun"
                          subtype:  #uncertainty__incertitude__dubiety__doubtfulness__dubiousness__dubiousnes  the state of being unsure of something
                             subtype:  #mental_reservation__reservation__arriere_pensee__arrierepensee  an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly
                             subtype:  #mistrust__misgiving__distrust__suspicion  doubt about someone's honesty
                             subtype:  #incredulity__disbelief__skepticism__mental_rejection  doubt about the truth of something
                             subtype:  #irresolution__indecision__indecisiveness  doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; "his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost"
                                subtype:  #vacillation__hesitation__wavering  indecision in speech or action
                             subtype:  #suspense  an uncertain cognitive state; "the matter remained in suspense for several years"
                          subtype:  #preoccupation.cognitive_state__preoccupancy__absorption__engrossment  the mental state of being preoccupied by something
                             subtype:  #abstractedness__abstraction  preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else
                                subtype:  #reverie__revery  an abstracted state of absorption
                                   subtype:  #dream.reverie  a state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality; "he went about his work as if in a dream"
                                   subtype:  #brown_study  a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
                             subtype:  #absentmindedness  preoccupation so great that the ordinary demands on attention are ignored
                          subtype:  #inwardness.cognitive_state__inwardnes  preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values: "the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness"; "Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness"
                          subtype:  #outwardness.cognitive_state__outwardnes  concern with outward things or material objects (especially the body and its appearance) as opposed to the mind and spirit: "hearty showmanship and all-around outwardness"
                       subtype:  #cleavage.state  the state of being split or cleft
                       subtype:  #medium.state  a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"
                       subtype:  #condition  a mode of being or form of existence of a person or things: "the human condition"
                          subtype:  #fate__fortune__destiny__luck__lot__circumstance__portion  your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you): "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate"; "has a happy lot"; "the luck of the Irish"; "a victim of circumstances"; "success that was her portion"
                             subtype:  #good_fortune__good_luck  a auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes
                                subtype:  #successfulness__prosperity  the condition of prospering; having good fortune
                                   subtype:  #wellbeing__well-being__welfare__upbeat__eudaemonia__eudaimonia  a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; "the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles"
                                      subtype:  #fool's_paradise  an illusory state of wellbeing
                                      subtype:  #health  a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; "physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients"
                                   subtype:  #strength.successfulness  the condition of financial success; "the strength of the company's stock in recent weeks"
                                   subtype:  #success.successfulness__succes  a state of prosperity or fame; "he is enjoying great success"; "he does not consider wealth synonymous with success"
                                      subtype:  #big_time__bigtime  the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment)
                                      subtype:  #pay_dirt__paydirt  a profitable success; "the inventor worked for years before hitting pay dirt"
                                subtype:  #boon__blessing  a desirable state; "enjoy the blessings of peace"; "a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors"
                                   subtype:  #mercy.boon  something for which to be thankful; "it was a mercy we got out alive"
                             subtype:  #providence.fate  a manifestation of God's foresightful care for His creatures
                             subtype:  #tough_luck__toughluck__misfortune__bad_luck__badluck__illluck  an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes
                                subtype:  #weakness.tough_luck__weaknes  the condition of being financially weak; "the weakness of the dollar against the yen"
                                subtype:  #adversity.tough_luck__hardship  a state of misfortune or affliction: "debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity"; "a life of hardship"
                                   subtype:  #ill-being__illbeing  lack of prosperity or happiness or health
                                      subtype:  #wretchedness__misery  a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; "the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable"
                                         subtype:  #living_death  a state of constant misery
                                         subtype:  #woe__suffering  misery resulting from affliction
                                   subtype:  #catastrophe__disaster  a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune; "lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system"; "his policies were a disaster"
                                   subtype:  #extremity.adversity  an extreme condition or state (especially of adversity or disease)
                                      subtype:  #bitter_end  the final extremity (however unpleasant it may be); "he was determined to fight to the bitter end"
                                   subtype:  #distress  a state of adversity (danger or affliction or need); "a ship in distress"; "she was the classic maiden in distress"
                                      subtype:  #anguish  extreme distress of body or mind
                                      subtype:  #throe.distress  hard or painful trouble or struggle: "a country in the throes of economic collapse"
                                   subtype:  #affliction.adversity  a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity
                                      subtype:  #cross.affliction__cros__crownofthorn  any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns"
                                   subtype:  #nadir.adversity__low-water_mark__lowwatermark  an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything
                             subtype:  #failure.fate  lack of success
                                subtype:  #bankruptcy.failure  a state of complete lack of some abstract property; "spiritual bankruptcy"; "moral bankruptcy"; "intellectual bankruptcy"
                                subtype:  #bank_failure  the inability of a bank to meet its credit obligations
                                subtype:  #crop_failure  the failure of crops to produce a marketable surplus
                          subtype:  #amphidiploidy  the condition of being amphidiploid
                          subtype:  #diploidy  the condition of being diploid
                          subtype:  #haploidy  the condition of being haploid
                          subtype:  #heteroploidy  the condition of being heteroploid
                          subtype:  #polyploidy  the condition of being polyploid
                          subtype:  #mosaicism  the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
                          subtype:  #orphanage  the condition of being a child without living parents; "his early orphanage shaped his character as an adult"
                          subtype:  #transsexualism  condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex
                       subtype:  #condition.state__status  a condition or state at a particular time: "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"
                          subtype:  #health.state  the general condition of body and mind; "his delicate health"; "in poor health"
                          subtype:  #mode  a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
                          subtype:  #ecological_niche__niche  (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)
                          subtype:  #noise_conditions  the condition of being noisy (as in a communication channel)
                          subtype:  #prepossession  the condition of being prepossessed; "the king's prepossession in my favor is very valuable"
                          subtype:  #saturation.state  a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
                          subtype:  #silence.state  the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); "there was a shocked silence": "he gestured for silence"
                          subtype:  #situation__position  a condition or position in which you find yourself: "the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils"; "found herself in a very fortunate situation"
                             subtype:  #shoes__shoe__place  a particular situation: "If you were in my place what would you do?"
                             subtype:  #soup.situation  (informal) an unfortunate situation; "we're in the soup now"
                             subtype:  #stymie.situation  a situation in golf where an opponent's ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
                          subtype:  #ski_conditions  the amount and state of snow for skiing
                          subtype:  #stigmatism  (optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point
                          subtype:  #astigmatism  (optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point
                          subtype:  #social_stratification__stratification  the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
                          subtype:  #way.state  the condition of things generally; "that's the way it is" or "I felt the same way"
                          subtype:  #ordinary.state  the expected or commonplace condition or situation: "not out of the ordinary"
                          subtype:  #circumstance  a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
                             subtype:  #event.circumstance__case  a special set of circumstances; "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"
                             subtype:  #hinge  a circumstance upon which subsequent events depend; "his absence is the hinge of our plan"
                          subtype:  #homelessness  the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets)
                             subtype:  #vagrancy  the state of wandering from place to place; having no permanent home or means of livelihood
                          subtype:  #reinstatement.state  the condition of being reinstated; "her reinstatement to her former office followed quickly"
                          subtype:  #place.state  proper or appropriate position or location; "a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen"
                          subtype:  #celibacy  an unmarried status (as because of religious vows)
                          subtype:  #virginity  the condition or quality of being a virgin
                          subtype:  #innocence  a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense; "the trial established his innocence"
                             subtype:  #blamelessness__blamelessnes__inculpableness__guiltlessness__guiltlessnes  a state of innocence
                             subtype:  #clear  the state of being free of suspicion: "investigation showed that he was in the clear"
                          subtype:  #sinlessness__sinlessnes__innocence  the state of being free from sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil
                             subtype:  #cleanness__cleannes  without moral defects
                          subtype:  #guilt__guiltines  the state of having committed an offense
                             subtype:  #blameworthiness__blameworthines__culpableness  a state of guilt
                             subtype:  #bloodguilt  the state of being guilty of bloodshed and murder
                             subtype:  #complicity  guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense
                             subtype:  #criminalism__criminality__criminalness  the state of being a criminal
                             subtype:  #guilt_by_association  the attribution of guilt (without proof) to individuals because the people they associate with are guilty
                             subtype:  #impeachability__indictability  the state of being liable to impeachment
                          subtype:  #encapsulation  the condition of being encapsulated; "the encapsulation of tendons in membranous sheaths"
                          subtype:  #polarisation__polarization  the condition of having or giving polarity
                          subtype:  #physiological_state__physiologicalstate__physiological_condition__physiologicalcondition  the condition of the body or bodily functions
                             subtype:  #wakefulness__wakefulnes  a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
                             subtype:  #incompatibility.physiological_state  (immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
                                subtype:  #histoincompatibility  incompatibility in which one person's tissue cannot be transplanted to another person
                                subtype:  #Rh_incompatibility  incompatibility of Rh blood types; a transfusion of Rh-positive blood given to a Rh-negative person (or vice versa) can result in hemolysis and anemia
                             subtype:  #acathexia  an inability to retain bodily secretions
                             subtype:  #angiotelectasia  dilation and enlargement of arterioles
                             subtype:  #torpor__torpidity  a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility; "he fell into a deep torpor"
                                subtype:  #hibernation.torpor  the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter
                                subtype:  #sluggishness__lethargy__lassitude  a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
                                   subtype:  #hebetude  mental lethargy or dullness
                             subtype:  #agalactia__agalactosis__agalactosi  a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
                             subtype:  #anesthesia__anaesthesia  loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
                                subtype:  #cryoanesthesia__cryoanaesthesia  insensibility resulting from cold
                                subtype:  #general_anesthesia__generalanesthesia__general_anaesthesia__generalanaesthesia  a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
                                   subtype:  #inhalation_anesthesia  general anesthesia achieved by administration of an inhalation anesthetic
                                   subtype:  #twilight_sleep  a state of general anesthesia in which the person retains a slight degree of consciousness; can be induced by injection of scopolamine or morphine
                                subtype:  #local_anesthesia__localanesthesia__local_anaesthesia__localanaesthesia  loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
                                subtype:  #conduction_anesthesia__conduction_anaesthesia__nerve_block_anesthesia__nerveblockanesthesia__nerve_block_anaesthesia__nerveblockanaesthesia__block_anesthesia__blockanesthesia__block_anaesthesia__blockanaesthesia  anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve; produced by an anesthetic agent applied to the nerve
                                subtype:  #regional_anesthesia__regional_anaesthesia  loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)
                                   subtype:  #acroanesthesia__acroanaesthesia  loss of sensation in the extremities
                                   subtype:  #caudal_anesthesia__caudal_anaesthesia__caudal_block  regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal end of the spinal canal; now largely replaced by epidural anesthesia
                                   subtype:  #epidural_anesthesia__epidural_anaesthesia__epidural  regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery
                                   subtype:  #paracervical_block  regional anesthesia resulting from the injection of a local anesthetic on each side of the cervix; used during labor and childbirth
                                   subtype:  #pudendal_block  regional anesthesia resulting from the use of a local anesthetic to deaden the pudendal nerves in the region of the vulva and labia majora; used to ease discomfort during childbirth
                                   subtype:  #spinal_anesthesia__spinal_anaesthesia__spinal  anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
                                      subtype:  #saddle_block_anesthesia__saddle_block_anaesthesia  the parts of a patient's body that would touch a saddle if the patient were sitting in one are anesthetized by injecting a local anesthetic into the spinal cord
                                subtype:  #topical_anesthesia__topicalanesthesia__topical_anaesthesia__topicalanaesthesia  loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces (as when benzocaine or lidocaine is applied to the surface)
                             subtype:  #anhidrosis__anhydrosis  failure of the sweat glands
                             subtype:  #arousal  a state of heightened physiological activity
                                subtype:  #alertness__alertnes  a state of readiness to respond; "alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG"
                                subtype:  #emotional_arousal__emotionalarousal  the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior
                                   subtype:  #angriness__angrines  the state of being angry
                                      subtype:  #rage  a state of extreme anger; "she fell into a rage and refused to answer"
                                   subtype:  #excitement  the state of being excited; "his face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"
                                subtype:  #excitation.arousal__innervation  the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland
                                subtype:  #sexual_arousal  the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior
                                   subtype:  #eroticism__erotism  a state of anticipation of sexuality
                                   subtype:  #horniness__hornines__hotnes__hotpant  (informal) a state of sexual arousal
                                   subtype:  #hard-on__erection  an erect penis
                                subtype:  #desire.arousal  something that is desired
                                   subtype:  #rage.desire__passion  something that is desired intensely; "his rage for fame destroyed him"
                                   subtype:  #materialism__philistinism  a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters
                             subtype:  #sleep.physiological_state__slumber  a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; "he didn't get enough sleep last night"; "calm as a child in dreamless slumber"
                                subtype:  #sleeping.sleep  the state of being asleep
                                subtype:  #orthodox_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement_sleep__NREM_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement__NREM  a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time
                                subtype:  #paradoxical_sleep__paradoxicalsleep__rapid_eye_movement_sleep__REM_sleep__rapid_eye_movement__rapideyemovement__REM  a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of Rapid Eye Movements during sleep
                                subtype:  #shuteye  informal term for sleep
                             subtype:  #sleep  a torpid state resembling sleep
                             subtype:  #drive.physiological_state  a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
                                subtype:  #hungriness__hunger  a physiological need for food
                                   subtype:  #bulimia  pathologically insatiable hunger (especially when caused by brain lesions)
                                   subtype:  #emptiness.hungriness__emptines  having an empty stomach
                                   subtype:  #edacity__esurience__ravenousnes__voracity__voraciousness__voraciousnes  excessive desire to eat
                                   subtype:  #starvation__famishment  a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period
                                   subtype:  #undernourishment__malnourishment  not having enough food to develop or function formally
                                subtype:  #thirst  a physiological need to drink
                                   subtype:  #dehydration  depletion of bodily fluids
                                   subtype:  #polydipsia  excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
                                subtype:  #sex_drive__sexdrive  a physiological need for sexual activity; "testosterone is responsible for the male sex drive"
                                subtype:  #hypoxia  a very strong drive resulting from a deficiency of available oxygen in the blood and bodily tissues (short of anoxia)
                                   subtype:  #anemic_hypoxia  hypoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
                                   subtype:  #hypoxic_hypoxia__hypoxichypoxia  hypoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
                                   subtype:  #ischemic_hypoxia__stagnant_hypoxia  hypoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
                                   subtype:  #altitude_sickness  effects (as nosebleed or nausea) of oxygen deficiency in the blood and tissues at high altitudes
                                      subtype:  #mountain_sickness  nausea and shortness of breath experienced by mountain climbers above ten thousand feet
                                   subtype:  #anoxia  severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
                                      subtype:  #anemic_anoxia  anoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
                                      subtype:  #anoxic_anoxia  anoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
                                      subtype:  #ischemic_anoxia__stagnant_anoxia  anoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
                             subtype:  #elastosis__elastosi  breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)
                             subtype:  #flatulence__flatulency__gas  a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal
                             subtype:  #estrus__oestrus__oestru__heat__rut  applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity
                             subtype:  #anestrus__anestrum__anoestrus__anoestru__anoestrum  applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus
                                subtype:  #diestrus__diestrum  (of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity
                             subtype:  #hypercapnia__hypercarbia  the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
                             subtype:  #hypocapnia__acapnia  a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing
                             subtype:  #asphyxia  a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas
                             subtype:  #oxygen_debt  a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest
                             subtype:  #hyperthermia__hyperthermy  abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer)
                                subtype:  #hyperpyrexia  extremely high fever (especially in children)
                             subtype:  #normothermia  normal body temperature
                             subtype:  #hypothermia  subnormal body temperature
                             subtype:  #myasthenia  any muscular weakness
                             subtype:  #sterility__infertility  the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
                                subtype:  #impotence__impotency  an inability (usually of a male) to copulate
                                   subtype:  #erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED  impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
                                subtype:  #barrenness  the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
                                subtype:  #cacogenesis  inability to produce hybrids that are both viable and fertile
                                subtype:  #dysgenesis  infertility between hybrids
                             subtype:  #false_pregnancy__falsepregnancy__pseudocyesis  physiological state in which a woman exhibits symptoms of pregnancy but is not pregnant
                             subtype:  #pregnancy__gestation  the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus
                                subtype:  #trouble.pregnancy  an unwanted pregnancy; "he got several girls in trouble"
                                subtype:  #gravidity__gravidness  a technical term for pregnancy
                                subtype:  #gravida.pregnancy  the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in; "in her third pregnancy a woman is said to be gravida three"
                                subtype:  #parity.pregnancy__para  (obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered; "the parity of the mother must be considered"; "a bipara is a woman who has given birth to two children"
                                subtype:  #ectopic_pregnancy__ectopicpregnancy__extrauterine_pregnancy__ectopic_gestation__ectopicgestation__extrauterine_gestation__eccyesis__metacyesis  pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
                                   subtype:  #abdominal_pregnancy__abdominalpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in the abdominal cavity
                                   subtype:  #ovarian_pregnancy__ovarianpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in the ovary
                                   subtype:  #tubal_pregnancy__tubalpregnancy  ectopic pregnancy in a Fallopian tube
                                subtype:  #entopic_pregnancy__entopicpregnancy  pregnancy resulting from normal gestation in the uterus
                                subtype:  #placenta_previa  pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part); can cause bleeding late in pregnancy; delivery by cesarean section may be necessary
                             subtype:  #rigor_mortis.physiological_state__rigormorti  temporary stiffness of joints and muscular rigidity occurring after death
                             subtype:  #good_health__goodhealth__healthiness__healthines  the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease
                                subtype:  #haleness__wholeness__wholenes  a state of robust good health
                                subtype:  #vitality__energy__vim  a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; "jogging works off my excess energy"; "he seemed full of vim and vigor"
                                subtype:  #rosiness__bloom__blush__flush  a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
                                subtype:  #freshness.good_health__freshnes  an alert and refreshed state
                                subtype:  #radiance  an attractive combination of good health and happiness; "the radiance of her countenance"
                                subtype:  #condition.good_health__shape  the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases "in condition" or "in shape" or "out of condition" or "out of shape")
                                   subtype:  #physical_fitness__fitness__fitnes__goodshape__goodcondition  good physical condition; being in shape or in condition
                                      subtype:  #fettle  a state of fitness and good health; "in fine fettle"
                             subtype:  #fertility__fecundity  the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
                             subtype:  #potency  the state of being potent; a male's capacity to have sexual intercourse
                             subtype:  #ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem  a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
                                subtype:  #dyscrasia  an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
                                   subtype:  #blood_dyscrasia  any abnormal condition of the blood
                                      subtype:  #blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder  a disease or disorder of the blood
                                         subtype:  #cytopenia  a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
                                            subtype:  #hematocytopenia  an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
                                            subtype:  #pancytopenia  an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
                                         subtype:  #acidemia  a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
                                         subtype:  #alkalemia  a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
                                         subtype:  #acanthocytosis  the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
                                         subtype:  #agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia  an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
                                         subtype:  #analbuminemia  an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
                                         subtype:  #Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome  a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
                                         subtype:  #parasitemia__parasitaemia  a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
                                         subtype:  #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease  congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
                                            subtype:  #hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia  hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
                                            subtype:  #hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease  a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
                                            subtype:  #von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia  a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
                                         subtype:  #afibrinogenemia  the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
                                            subtype:  #congenital_afibrinogenemia  a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
                                         subtype:  #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia  invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
                                            subtype:  #puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever  serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
                                            subtype:  #pyemia__pyaemia  septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
                                            subtype:  #toxemia__toxaemia  blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
                                            subtype:  #fowl_cholera  an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
                                            subtype:  #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia  a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
                                         subtype:  #hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy  a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
                                         subtype:  #histiocytosis  a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
                                            subtype:  #Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease  inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
                                         subtype:  #hydremia  blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
                                         subtype:  #hypothrombinemia  a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
                                         subtype:  #hypervolemia__hypervolaemia  a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #hypovolemia  a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #anemia__anaemia  a deficiency of red blood cells
                                            subtype:  #aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia  anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
                                            subtype:  #erythroblastosis_fetalis  severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
                                            subtype:  #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia  a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #favism  anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
                                            subtype:  #hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia  anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
                                            subtype:  #hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia  anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
                                            subtype:  #hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia  anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
                                               subtype:  #thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia  an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
                                                  subtype:  #Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major  a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
                                            subtype:  #hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia  anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
                                            subtype:  #iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia  a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
                                               subtype:  #chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes  iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
                                            subtype:  #ischemia__ischaemia  local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
                                               subtype:  #ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke  the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
                                               subtype:  #transient_ischemic_attack__TIA  brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
                                            subtype:  #macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
                                            subtype:  #microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
                                            subtype:  #pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia  a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
                                               subtype:  #megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia  anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
                                               subtype:  #metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia  pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
                                            subtype:  #refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia  any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
                                               subtype:  #sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia  refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia  a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
                                         subtype:  #leukocytosis__leucocytosis  an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
                                         subtype:  #leukopenia__leucopenia  an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
                                            subtype:  #neutropenia  leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
                                               subtype:  #cyclic_neutropenia  neutropenia that occurs periodically
                                         subtype:  #lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia  an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi  an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
                                         subtype:  #microcytosis  a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
                                         subtype:  #polycythemia  a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
                                         subtype:  #purpura__peliosis  any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
                                            subtype:  #nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura  purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
                                            subtype:  #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
                                         subtype:  #thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia  a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
                                            subtype:  #essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia  the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
                                         subtype:  #uratemia  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
                                         subtype:  #uricaciduria  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
                                subtype:  #illness__illnes__sickness  impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
                                   subtype:  #ague  a fit of shivering
                                   subtype:  #amyloidosis__amyloidosi  a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
                                   subtype:  #anuresis__anuria  inability to urinate
                                   subtype:  #catastrophic_illness  severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
                                   subtype:  #collapse  an abrupt failure of function or health
                                      subtype:  #crack-up__crackup__breakdown  a mental or physical breakdown
                                         subtype:  #nervous_breakdown__nervousbreakdown  a severe or incapacitating emotional disorder
                                            subtype:  #nervous_exhaustion__nervousexhaustion__nervous_prostration__nervousprostration  an emotional disorder that leaves you exhausted and unable to work
                                            subtype:  #neurasthenia  nervous breakdown (not in technical use)
                                      subtype:  #shock  (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
                                         subtype:  #cardiogenic_shock__cardiogenicshock  shock caused by cardiac arrest
                                         subtype:  #hypovolemic_shock__hypovolemicshock  shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
                                         subtype:  #obstructive_shock__obstructiveshock  shock caused by obstruction of blood flow
                                         subtype:  #distributive_shock  shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow
                                         subtype:  #insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_reaction__insulinreaction  hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
                                   subtype:  #decompression_sickness__aeroembolism__air_embolism__airembolism__gas_embolism__gasembolism__caisson_disease__caissondisease__bends__bend  pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
                                   subtype:  #food_poisoning__gastrointestinal_disorder  illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
                                      subtype:  #botulism  food poisoning from ingesting botulin; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
                                      subtype:  #mushroom_poisoning  toxic condition caused by eating certain species of mushrooms (especially Amanita species)
                                      subtype:  #ptomaine_poisoning__ptomaine  a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines
                                      subtype:  #salmonellosis__salmonellosi  a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
                                   subtype:  #lead_poisoning__plumbism__saturnism  toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
                                   subtype:  #disease  an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
                                      subtype:  #aspergillosis__aspergillosi  disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs
                                      subtype:  #blackwater  any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells
                                      subtype:  #cat_scratch_disease__catscratchdisease  a disease thought to be transmitted to humans by a scratch from a cat
                                      subtype:  #complication.disease  any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; "bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis"
                                      subtype:  #endemic_disease__endemicdisease__endemic  a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
                                      subtype:  #enteropathy  a disease of the intestinal tract
                                         subtype:  #intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu  blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
                                      subtype:  #incompetence  inability of a part or organ to function properly
                                         subtype:  #hypogonadism  incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone)
                                         subtype:  #valvular_incompetence  inability of a bodily valve to close completely
                                      subtype:  #Kawasaki_disease__mucocutaneous_lymph_node_syndrome  an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause
                                      subtype:  #pycnosis__pyknosis  a degenerative state of the cell nucleus
                                      subtype:  #Marseilles_fever__Kenya_fever__Indian_tick_fever__boutonneuse_fever__boutonneusefever  a disease (common in India and around the Mediterranean area) caused by a rickettsia that is transmitted to humans by a reddish brown tick (ixodid) that lives on dogs and other mammals
                                      subtype:  #Meniere's_disease  a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
                                      subtype:  #milk_sickness  caused by consuming milk from cattle suffering from trembles
                                      subtype:  #mimesis.disease  any disease that shows symptoms characteristic of another disease
                                      subtype:  #myasthenia_gravis__myasthenia  a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
                                      subtype:  #occupational_disease__industrial_disease  disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts)
                                      subtype:  #onychosis__onychosi  any disease or disorder of the nails
                                         subtype:  #onycholysis__onycholysi  separation of a nail from its normal attachment to the nail bed
                                      subtype:  #rheumatism  any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
                                      subtype:  #periarteritis_nodosa__periarteritisnodosa__polyarteritis_nodosa__polyarteritisnodosa  a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area
                                      subtype:  #periodontal_disease__periodontaldisease__periodontitis__periodontiti  a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth
                                         subtype:  #pyorrhea_alveolaris__pyorrhea__pyorrhoea__Riggs'_disease  chronic periodontitis; purulent inflammation of the teeth sockets
                                            subtype:  #pericementoclasia  pus pocket formation around a tooth
                                         subtype:  #alveolar_resorption  wasting of the bony socket
                                         subtype:  #gingivitis  inflammation of the gums
                                         subtype:  #ulatrophia  recession of the gums
                                      subtype:  #liver_disease__liverdisease  a disease affecting the liver
                                         subtype:  #cirrhosis_of_the_liver__cirrhosis__cirrhosi  a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
                                         subtype:  #fatty_liver__fattyliver  yellow discoloration as a result of the accumulation of certain fats (triglycerides) in the liver; can be caused by alcoholic cirrhosis or pregnancy or exposure to certain toxins
                                         subtype:  #hepatitis__hepatiti  inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
                                            subtype:  #viral_hepatitis__viralhepatiti  hepatitis caused by a virus
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_A__infectious_hepatitis  an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_B__serum_hepatitis  an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
                                               subtype:  #hepatitis_C  a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
                                            subtype:  #hepatitis_delta__hepatitisdelta__delta_hepatitis__deltahepatiti  a severe form of hepatitis
                                         subtype:  #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver  malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
                                      subtype:  #communicable_disease  a disease that can be communicated from one person to another
                                         subtype:  #contagious_disease__contagion  any disease easily transmitted by contact
                                            subtype:  #influenza__flu__grippe  an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
                                               subtype:  #Asiatic_flu  influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
                                            subtype:  #measles__rubeola  an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
                                               subtype:  #German_measles__rubella__threedaymeasle__epidemic_roseola  a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
                                            subtype:  #diphtheria  acute contagious bacterial infection marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing
                                            subtype:  #scarlet_fever__scarletfever__scarlatina  an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
                                            subtype:  #pox  a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks
                                               subtype:  #smallpox__variola  a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
                                               subtype:  #chickenpox__varicella  an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
                                            subtype:  #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth  an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #venereal_disease__VD__social_disease__Cupid's_itch__Cupid's_disease__Venus's_curse__sexually_transmitted_disease  a communicable disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
                                               subtype:  #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis  an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
                                               subtype:  #gonorrhea__gonorrhoea__clap  a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
                                               subtype:  #granuloma_inguinale__granulomainguinale__granuloma_venereum__granulomavenereum  a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
                                               subtype:  #syphilis__syph__pox  a common venereal disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
                                                  subtype:  #primary_syphilis  the first stage; characterized by a chancre at the site of infection
                                                  subtype:  #secondary_syphilis  the second stage; characterized by eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
                                                  subtype:  #tertiary_syphilis  the third stage; characterized by involvement of internal organs especially the brain and spinal cord as well as the heart and liver
                                                  subtype:  #neurosyphilis__neurosyphili  syphilis of the central nervous system
                                                     subtype:  #tabes_dorsalis__locomotor_ataxia__locomotorataxia  syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
                                         subtype:  #infectious_disease  a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
                                            subtype:  #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
                                            subtype:  #undulant_fever__brucellosis__Malta_fever__Gibraltar_fever__Rock_fever__Mediterranean_fever  infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
                                            subtype:  #epidemic_cholera__cholera__Asiatic_cholera__Indian_cholera  an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
                                            subtype:  #dengue_fever__dengue__dandy_fever__dandyfever__breakbone_fever  an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
                                            subtype:  #dysentery  an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
                                               subtype:  #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery  inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
                                               subtype:  #shigellosis__bacillary_dysentery__bacillarydysentery  an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
                                            subtype:  #epidemic_disease  any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
                                               subtype:  #plague.epidemic_disease__pestilence  any epidemic disease with a high death rate
                                               subtype:  #plague  a serious (sometimes fatal) infection transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea (especially bubonic plague)
                                                  subtype:  #bubonic_plague__bubonicplague  plague characterized by delirium and the formation of buboes
                                                     subtype:  #Black_Death__black_plague__blackplague  the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
                                                  subtype:  #pneumonic_plague__pneumonicplague  characterized by lung involvement
                                                  subtype:  #septicemic_plague  an especially dangerous form in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream
                                               subtype:  #epidemic_pleurodynia__epidemic_myalgia__myosis__diaphragmatic_pleurisy__diaphragmaticpleurisy__Bornholm_disease  an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)
                                            subtype:  #hepatitis__hepatiti  inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
                                            subtype:  #herpes  viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
                                               subtype:  #herpes_simplex  an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
                                                  subtype:  #oral_herpes__herpes_labialis__cold_sore__fever_blister__feverblister  caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
                                                  subtype:  #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis  an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
                                               subtype:  #herpes_zoster__zoster__shingles  eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
                                            subtype:  #infectious_mononucleosis__mononucleosis__mononucleosi__mono__glandular_fever__glandularfever__kissing_disease__kissingdisease  an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
                                            subtype:  #Lassa_fever  a serious contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing
                                            subtype:  #leprosy__hansen'sdisease  chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
                                               subtype:  #tuberculoid_leprosy  leprosy characterized by tumors in the skin and cutaneous nerves
                                               subtype:  #lepromatous_leprosy  a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
                                            subtype:  #listeriosis__listeriosi  an infectious disease common to many animals and occasionally transmitted to humans (especially to newborn or immunosuppressed persons)
                                            subtype:  #lymphogranuloma_venereum__lymphogranulomavenereum__LGV__lymphopathia_venereum  infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
                                            subtype:  #meningitis  infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
                                               subtype:  #cerebrospinal_meningitis__epidemic_meningitis__brain_fever__brainfever__cerebrospinal_fever__cerebrospinalfever  meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
                                               subtype:  #leptomeningitis  inflammation of the leptomeninges
                                            subtype:  #mumps__mump__epidemic_parotitis  an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
                                            subtype:  #paratyphoid_fever__paratyphoidfever__paratyphoid  any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
                                            subtype:  #acute_anterior_poliomyelitis__poliomyelitis__poliomyeliti__polio__infantileparalysi  an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
                                            subtype:  #ratbite_fever__ratbitefever  either of two infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of a rat or mouse; characterized by fever and headache and nausea and skin eruptions
                                               subtype:  #Haverhill_fever  the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
                                               subtype:  #sodoku__spirillum_fever  the form of ratbite fever occurring in the Far East
                                            subtype:  #rickettsial_disease__rickettsialdisease__rickettsiosis__rickettsiosi  infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
                                               subtype:  #typhus_fever__typhus  rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
                                                  subtype:  #murine_typhus__rat_typhus__urban_typhus__endemic_typhus  acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
                                               subtype:  #spotted_fever__spottedfever  any of several severe febrile diseases characterized by skin rashes or spots on the skin
                                                  subtype:  #Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever__mountain_fever__tick_fever  caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
                                               subtype:  #Q_fever  an acute disease resembling influenza
                                               subtype:  #ricketsialpox  mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox
                                               subtype:  #trench_fever  marked by pain in muscles and joints and transmitted by lice
                                               subtype:  #tsutsugamushi_disease__tsutsugamushidisease__scrub_typhus  transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
                                            subtype:  #relapsing_fever__recurrent_fever  marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
                                            subtype:  #rheumatic_fever  a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
                                            subtype:  #miliary_fever__miliaryfever__sweating_sickness  epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
                                            subtype:  #tuberculosis__TB__T.B.  infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
                                               subtype:  #Pott's_disease  TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
                                               subtype:  #miliary_tuberculosis  acute tuberculosis characterized by the appearance of tiny tubercles on one or more organs of the body (presumably resulting from tubercle bacilli being spread in the bloodstream)
                                               subtype:  #pulmonary_tuberculosis__consumption__phthisi__wasting_disease__wastingdisease__white_plague__whiteplague  involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
                                               subtype:  #scrofula__struma__king's_evil  a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
                                               subtype:  #lupus_vulgaris  tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
                                            subtype:  #typhoid_fever__typhoidfever__typhoid__enteric_fever__entericfever  serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
                                            subtype:  #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi  a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #yaws__frambesia__framboesia  an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
                                            subtype:  #yellow_fever__yellow_jack__black_vomit__blackvomit  caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito
                                         subtype:  #common_cold__cold  a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
                                            subtype:  #head_cold  a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
                                      subtype:  #exanthema_subitum__exanthemasubitum__roseola_infantum__roseolainfantum__roseola_infantilis__pseudorubella  a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_disease__respiratorydisease__respiratory_disorder__respiratorydisorder  a disease affecting the respiratory system
                                         subtype:  #influenza__flu__grippe  an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
                                         subtype:  #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi  a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #common_cold__cold  a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
                                         subtype:  #bronchial_asthma__bronchialasthma__asthma__asthma_attack  respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
                                            subtype:  #status_asthmaticus  a prolonged and severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatment
                                         subtype:  #bronchitis  inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
                                            subtype:  #bronchiolitis__bronchioliti  inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
                                            subtype:  #chronic_bronchitis  a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow
                                               subtype:  #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease  a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
                                         subtype:  #pulmonary_emphysema__pulmonaryemphysema__emphysema  an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
                                            subtype:  #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease  a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
                                         subtype:  #pneumonia  respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
                                            subtype:  #bronchopneumonia__bronchial_pneumonia  pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
                                               subtype:  #aspiration_pneumonia  bronchopneumonia resulting from foreign material (usually vomit or food particles) entering the bronchi
                                            subtype:  #lobar_pneumonia  pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
                                               subtype:  #double_pneumonia  lobar pneumonia involving both lungs
                                               subtype:  #Legionnaire's_disease  acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
                                            subtype:  #pneumococcal_pneumonia  pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
                                            subtype:  #pneumocytosis__pneumocytosi__pneumocystis_pneumonia__pneumocystis_carinii_pneumonia__interstitial_plasma_cell_pneumonia  pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
                                            subtype:  #pleuropneumonia  pleurisy and pneumonia
                                            subtype:  #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia  pneumonia caused by a virus
                                         subtype:  #primary_atypical_pneumonia__atypical_pneumonia__mycoplasmal_pneumonia__mycoplasmalpneumonia  an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
                                            subtype:  #parrot_fever__psittacosis__psittacosi__ornithosis  an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
                                         subtype:  #interstitial_pneumonia  chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
                                         subtype:  #pneumoconiosis__pneumonoconiosis  chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
                                            subtype:  #anthracosis__anthracosi__black_lung__blacklung__blacklungdisease__coal_miner's_lung  lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
                                            subtype:  #asbestosis  lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
                                            subtype:  #siderosis__siderosi  fibrosis of the lung caused by iron dust; occurs among welders and other metal workers
                                            subtype:  #silicosis__silicosi  a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
                                         subtype:  #respiratory_distress_syndrome_of_the_newborn__respiratory_distress_syndrome__hyaline_membrane_disease  an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
                                      subtype:  #genetic_disease__geneticdisease__genetic_disorder__geneticdisorder__genetic_abnormality__geneticabnormality__genetic_defect__geneticdefect__congenital_disease__inherited_disease__inheriteddisease__inherited_disorder__inheriteddisorder__hereditary_disease__hereditary_condition  a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
                                         subtype:  #achondroplasia__achondroplasty__osteosclerosis_congenita__chondrodystrophy  an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
                                         subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                                         subtype:  #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis  a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
                                         subtype:  #inborn_error_of_metabolism  any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
                                            subtype:  #galactosemia  a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
                                            subtype:  #lysinemia  an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
                                            subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                            subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                            subtype:  #phenylketonuria__PKU  a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
                                         subtype:  #Hirschsprung's_disease__congenital_megacolon  congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
                                         subtype:  #mucopolysaccharidosis__mucopolysaccharidosi  any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues
                                            subtype:  #Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy  hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
                                         subtype:  #hyperbetalipoproteinemia  a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
                                         subtype:  #ichthyosis  any of several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike (dry and scaly)
                                         subtype:  #maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria  an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
                                         subtype:  #McArdle's_disease  an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
                                         subtype:  #muscular_dystrophy__dystrophy  any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
                                            subtype:  #Duchenne's_muscular_dystrophy__pseudohypertrophic_dystrophy  the most common form of muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive (affecting only males)
                                            subtype:  #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy  an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
                                            subtype:  #myotonic_muscular_dystrophy__myotonia_atrophica__Steinert's_disease  a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by facial weakness and drooping eyelids and difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips
                                         subtype:  #oligodactyly  congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing
                                         subtype:  #oligodontia  congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing
                                         subtype:  #otosclerosis  hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
                                         subtype:  #autosomal_dominant_disease__autosomal_dominant_disorder  a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
                                            subtype:  #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease  hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
                                            subtype:  #malignant_hyperthermia__malignanthyperthermia  hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e.g., halothane) cause high body temperatures and muscle rigidity
                                            subtype:  #Marfan's_syndrome  an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
                                            subtype:  #neurofibromatosis__neurofibromatosi__von_Recklinghausen's_disease  autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
                                            subtype:  #osteogenesis_imperfecta  autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily
                                         subtype:  #autosomal_recessive_disease__autosomalrecessivedisease__autosomal_recessive_defect__autosomalrecessivedefect  a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome
                                            subtype:  #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy  an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
                                            subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                            subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                            subtype:  #thrombasthenia  a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results
                                            subtype:  #tyrosinemia  autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation
                                            subtype:  #Werdnig-Hoffman_disease  autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
                                         subtype:  #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia  a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
                                         subtype:  #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia  a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
                                         subtype:  #Spielmeyer-Vogt_disease__juvenile_amaurotic_idiocy  a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
                                         subtype:  #congenital_afibrinogenemia  a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
                                         subtype:  #osteopetrosis__Albers-Schonberg_disease__marble_bones_disease  an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
                                         subtype:  #nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma  thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
                                         subtype:  #dwarfism__nanism  a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
                                            subtype:  #pycnodysostosis__pycnodysostosi  a form of dwarfism accompanied by fragile bones and bad teeth
                                         subtype:  #lactose_intolerance__lactoseintolerance__lactase_deficiency__lactasedeficiency__milk_intolerance  congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
                                         subtype:  #porphyria  a genetic abnormality of metabolism causing abdominal pains and mental confusion
                                         subtype:  #hepatolenticular_degeneration__Wilson's_disease  a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism; copper accumulates in the liver and then in the red blood cells and brain
                                      subtype:  #inflammatory_disease  a disease characterized by inflammation
                                         subtype:  #necrotizing_enterocolitis__necrotizingenterocoliti__nec  an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
                                         subtype:  #gastroenteritis__stomach_flu__intestinal_flu  inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
                                            subtype:  #cholera_infantum__cholerainfantum  often fatal form of gastroenteritis occurring in children; not true cholera but having similar symptoms
                                         subtype:  #pelvic_inflammatory_disease__PID  inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
                                         subtype:  #empyema  a collection of pus in a body cavity (especially in the lung cavity)
                                            subtype:  #purulent_pleurisy  a collection of pus in the lung cavity
                                         subtype:  #pleurisy  inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
                                            subtype:  #purulent_pleurisy  a collection of pus in the lung cavity
                                            subtype:  #pleuropneumonia  pleurisy and pneumonia
                                         subtype:  #sore_throat__pharyngitis__raw_throat__rawthroat  inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
                                            subtype:  #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection  an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
                                         subtype:  #angina  any disease of the throat or fauces marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
                                            subtype:  #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth  an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
                                            subtype:  #quinsy__peritonsillar_abscess__peritonsillarabsces  a painful pus-filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
                                            subtype:  #croup__spasmodic_laryngitis  a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
                                         subtype:  #arthritis__arthriti  inflammation of a joint or joints
                                            subtype:  #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism  a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
                                               subtype:  #psoriatic_arthritis  a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
                                               subtype:  #Still's_disease__juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis  a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
                                            subtype:  #osteoarthritis__degenerative_arthritis__degenerative_joint_disease  chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
                                            subtype:  #gout__gouty_arthritis__goutyarthriti__urarthritis__urarthriti  a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
                                            subtype:  #spondylarthritis  arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
                                         subtype:  #acne  an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
                                            subtype:  #acne_rosacea__rosacea  a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
                                            subtype:  #acne_vulgaris  the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
                                         subtype:  #aspiration_penumonia  inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest)
                                         subtype:  #urinary_tract_infection__urinarytractinfection  any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract
                                            subtype:  #cystitis  inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
                                            subtype:  #pyelonephritis  inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis caused by bacterial infection
                                               subtype:  #acute_pyelonephritis  pyelonephritis resulting from the spread of a bladder infection
                                               subtype:  #chronic_pyelonephritis  pyelonephritis that develops slowly and can lead to renal failure if untreated; often associated with a kidney stone or with narrowing of the urinary passageways
                                            subtype:  #urethritis  inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination
                                               subtype:  #nongonococcal_urethritis__NGU  sexually transmitted urethritis (usually caused by chlamydia)
                                               subtype:  #nonspecific_urethritis__NSU  inflammation of the urethra of unknown cause
                                      subtype:  #autoimmune_disease__autoimmune_disorder  any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
                                         subtype:  #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes  severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
                                         subtype:  #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism  a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
                                         subtype:  #ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis  a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
                                         subtype:  #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE  a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
                                         subtype:  #Hashimoto's_disease  autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
                                         subtype:  #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE  a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
                                         subtype:  #scleroderma__dermatosclerosis  an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
                                            subtype:  #morphea  localized scleroderma
                                         subtype:  #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
                                      subtype:  #deficiency_disease  any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
                                         subtype:  #malnutrition  a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods
                                            subtype:  #avitaminosis__hypovitaminosis__hypovitaminosi  any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
                                               subtype:  #beriberi  avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
                                                  subtype:  #kakke_disease  the endemic form of beriberi
                                               subtype:  #pellagra__Alpine_scurvy__mal_de_la_rosa__mal_rosso__malrosso__maidism__Saint_Ignatius'_itch  a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
                                               subtype:  #rickets__rachitis  childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
                                               subtype:  #scurvy  a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
                                               subtype:  #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness  inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
                                            subtype:  #kwashiorkor  severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein
                                            subtype:  #marasmus  extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
                                         subtype:  #zinc_deficiency  a deficiency caused by inadequate zinc in the diet or by liver disease or cystic fibrosis or other diseases
                                      subtype:  #fibrocystic_breast_disease__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_breast__cystic_breast_disease__cystic_mastitis  the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
                                      subtype:  #goiter__goitre__struma__thyromegaly  abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
                                      subtype:  #sandfly_fever__sandflyfever__pappataci_fever__phlebotomus  a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
                                      subtype:  #skin_disease__disease_of_the_skin__skin_disorder__skin_problem__skin_condition  a disease affecting the skin
                                         subtype:  #acantholysis  a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
                                         subtype:  #acanthosis  an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
                                         subtype:  #acanthosis_nigricans__keratosis_nigricans__keratosisnigrican  a skin disease characterized by dark wart-like patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
                                         subtype:  #acne  an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
                                         subtype:  #dermatosis  disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)
                                            subtype:  #pityriasis  any of several skin disorders characterized by shedding dry flakes of skin
                                               subtype:  #dandruff.pityriasis  a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp
                                               subtype:  #pityriasis_alba  common form of pityriasis (usually in children or young adults) characterized by round patches of depigmentation
                                               subtype:  #pityriasis_rosea  pityriasis in which an itchy rash develops over the trunk and extremities
                                         subtype:  #eczema  generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
                                            subtype:  #dermatitis  inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
                                               subtype:  #actinic_dermatitis  dermatitis caused exposure to sunlight
                                               subtype:  #atopic_dermatitis__atopic_eczema  dermatitis characterized by atopy
                                               subtype:  #contact_dermatitis  a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy)
                                                  subtype:  #bubble_gum_dermatitis  an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
                                                  subtype:  #Rhus_dermatitis  contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
                                                     subtype:  #poison_ivy  dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant
                                                     subtype:  #poison_oak  dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison oak plant
                                                     subtype:  #poison_sumac  dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison sumac plant
                                               subtype:  #cradle_cap  a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants
                                               subtype:  #diaper_rash__diaper_dermatitis  dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
                                               subtype:  #hypericism  a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort
                                               subtype:  #neurodermatitis__neurodermatiti  dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown
                                               subtype:  #schistosome_dermatitis__swimmer's_itch__swimmer'sitch  a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes (human or animal)
                                               subtype:  #seborrheic_dermatitis__seborrheic_eczema  a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
                                            subtype:  #allergic_eczema  eczema caused by an allergic reaction
                                               subtype:  #baker's_eczema__baker'seczema  allergic eczema caused by flour or other ingredients handled by bakers
                                            subtype:  #eczema_herpeticum  eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children
                                            subtype:  #lichtenoid_eczema__chronic_eczema__chroniceczema__eczema_hypertrophicum  eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
                                         subtype:  #erythroderma  any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
                                            subtype:  #erythema  abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
                                               subtype:  #erythema_multiforme  a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen
                                               subtype:  #erythema_nodosum  skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legs
                                                  subtype:  #erythema_nodosum_leprosum__ENL  an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
                                               subtype:  #hickey__love_bite  a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
                                               subtype:  #erythema_solare__sunburn  redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
                                               subtype:  #windburn  redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
                                            subtype:  #flare.erythroderma  reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
                                         subtype:  #furunculosis  acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
                                         subtype:  #impetigo  a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
                                         subtype:  #jungle_rot  skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
                                         subtype:  #keratoderma  any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
                                         subtype:  #keratonosis  any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
                                         subtype:  #keratosis__keratosi  a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
                                            subtype:  #actinic_keratosis__actinickeratosi  an overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_blennorrhagica__keratosisblennorrhagica__keratoderma_blennorrhagica__keratodermablennorrhagica  skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_follicularis__Darier's_disease  a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
                                            subtype:  #keratosis_pilaris__keratosispilari  keratosis characterized by hard conical elevations in the openings of sebaceous glands (especially of arms and thighs)
                                            subtype:  #seborrheic_keratosis  a skin condition characterized by circumscribed wartlike lesions that can be itchy and covered with a greasy crust
                                         subtype:  #leukoderma  a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
                                         subtype:  #lichen.skin_disease  any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
                                            subtype:  #lichen_planus__lichen_ruber_planus  an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
                                         subtype:  #livedo  skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
                                         subtype:  #lupus__lupu  any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
                                            subtype:  #lupus_vulgaris  tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
                                            subtype:  #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE  a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
                                            subtype:  #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE  a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
                                            subtype:  #systemic_lupus_erythematosus__SLE__disseminated_lupus_erythematosus  an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
                                         subtype:  #melanosis__melanosi__melanism  a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
                                         subtype:  #molluscum  any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
                                            subtype:  #molluscum_contagiosum__molluscumcontagiosum  a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)
                                         subtype:  #necrobiosis_lipoidica_diabeticorum__necrobiosislipoidicadiabeticorum__necrobiosis_lipoidica__necrobiosislipoidica  skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
                                         subtype:  #pemphigus__pemphigu  a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #prurigo  chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
                                         subtype:  #psoriasis__psoriasi  a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
                                         subtype:  #rhagades  cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
                                         subtype:  #Saint_Anthony's_fire  any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
                                            subtype:  #erysipelas  an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #seborrhea  a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
                                         subtype:  #vitiligo  an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
                                         subtype:  #xanthoma  a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
                                            subtype:  #xanthelasma  xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
                                            subtype:  #xanthoma_disseminatum  rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
                                            subtype:  #xanthomatosis__xanthomatosi__xanthoma_multiplex__cholesterosis_cutis__cholesterosiscuti__lipid_granulomatosis__lipoid_granulomatosis  widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
                                         subtype:  #xanthosis__xanthosi  an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin
                                      subtype:  #malignancy__malignance  (medical) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
                                         subtype:  #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor  a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
                                            subtype:  #carcinosarcoma  a malignant neoplasm composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed
                                            subtype:  #cancer__malignant_neoplastic_disease  any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
                                               subtype:  #lymphoma  a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #Hodgkin's_disease  a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
                                               subtype:  #carcinoma  any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver  malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
                                                  subtype:  #adenocarcinoma__glandular_cancer__glandularcancer__glandular_carcinoma__glandularcarcinoma  malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
                                                     subtype:  #prostate_cancer__prostatic_adenocarcinoma__prostaticadenocarcinoma  cancer of the prostate gland
                                                  subtype:  #breast_cancer  cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US
                                                  subtype:  #carcinoma_in_situ__preinvasive_cancer__preinvasivecancer  a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
                                                  subtype:  #colon_cancer__coloncancer  a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools
                                                  subtype:  #embryonal_carcinoma  malignant neoplasm of the testis
                                                  subtype:  #endometrial_carcinoma__endometrialcarcinoma__endometrial_cancer__endometrialcancer  cancer of the uterine lining
                                                  subtype:  #malignant_hepatoma__malignanthepatoma__hepatoma__hepatocarcinoma__hepatocellular_carcinoma  carcinoma of the liver
                                                  subtype:  #lung_cancer  carcinoma of the lungs; one of the commonest forms of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #mesothelioma  a rare form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
                                                  subtype:  #oat_cell_carcinoma__small_cell_carcinoma  highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
                                                  subtype:  #oral_cancer  malignant neoplasm of the lips of mouth; most common in men over the age of 60
                                                  subtype:  #pancreatic_cancer  cancer of the pancreas
                                                  subtype:  #seminoma__testicular_cancer  malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
                                                  subtype:  #skin_cancer  a malignant neoplasm of the skin
                                                     subtype:  #cancroid__squamous_cell_carcinoma  the most common form of skin cancer
                                                     subtype:  #epithelioma  a malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue
                                                     subtype:  #malignant_melanoma__malignantmelanoma__melanoma  any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
                                                  subtype:  #trophoblastic_cancer__trophoblasticcancer  malignant neoplasm of the uterus derived from the epithelium of the chorion
                                               subtype:  #leukemia__leukaemia__cancer_of_the_blood  malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #acute_leukemia__acuteleukemia  rapidly progressing leukemia
                                                     subtype:  #acute_lymphocytic_leukemia__acutelymphocyticleukemia__acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia__acutelymphoblasticleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
                                                     subtype:  #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
                                                  subtype:  #chronic_leukemia__chronicleukemia  slowly progressing leukemia
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia__chroniclymphocyticleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
                                                  subtype:  #lymphocytic_leukemia__lymphocyticleukemia  leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
                                                     subtype:  #lymphoblastic_leukemia__lymphoblasticleukemia  a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
                                                  subtype:  #monocytic_leukemia__monocyticleukemia__monocytic_lukaemia__monocyticlukaemia__monoblastic_leukemia__monoblasticleukemia__monoblstic_leukaemia__histiocytic_leukemia__histiocyticleukemia__histiocytic_leukaemia__histiocyticleukaemia  leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
                                                  subtype:  #myeloblastic_leukemia  a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by numerous myeloblasts in the blood stream
                                                  subtype:  #myelocytic_leukemia__granulocytic_leukemia  a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
                                                     subtype:  #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia  acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
                                                     subtype:  #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia  chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
                                               subtype:  #sarcoma  a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
                                                  subtype:  #chondrosarcoma  a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
                                                  subtype:  #Ewing's_sarcoma__Ewing's_tumor__Ewing's_tumour__endothelial_myeloma__endothelialmyeloma  malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
                                                  subtype:  #Kaposi's_sarcoma  a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS; "until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men"
                                                  subtype:  #leiomyosarcoma  sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate
                                                  subtype:  #liposarcoma  sarcoma of fat cells
                                                  subtype:  #myosarcoma  sarcoma of muscle tissue
                                                  subtype:  #neurosarcoma__malignant_neuroma__malignantneuroma  a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
                                                  subtype:  #osteosarcoma__osteogenic_sarcoma  malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
                                                  subtype:  #rhabdomyosarcoma__rhabdosrcoma  a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
                                                     subtype:  #embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma__embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma__embryonal_rhabdosarcoma__embryonalrhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
                                                     subtype:  #alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma__alveolar_rhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma occuring mainly in adolescents and young adults
                                                     subtype:  #pleomorphic_rhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphic_rhabdosarcoma  form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
                                                  subtype:  #Wilms'_tumor__Wilms_tumour__adenomyosarcoma__nephroblastoma__embryoma_of_the_kidney  malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
                                            subtype:  #retinoblastoma  malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
                                      subtype:  #eye_disease__eyedisease  any disease of the eye
                                         subtype:  #glaucoma  increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
                                            subtype:  #acute_glaucoma__acuteglaucoma__angle-closure_glaucoma__angleclosureglaucoma  glaucoma in which the iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor
                                            subtype:  #chronic_glaucoma__chronicglaucoma__open-angle_glaucoma  glaucoma caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; produces gradual loss of peripheral vision
                                         subtype:  #keratonosus__keratonosu  any disease of the cornea
                                         subtype:  #trachoma  a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue
                                         subtype:  #leukoma  eye disease consisting of an opaque white spot on the cornea
                                         subtype:  #cataract  clouding of the natural lens of the eye
                                      subtype:  #animal_disease  a disease that typically does not affect human beings
                                         subtype:  #warble  a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly
                                         subtype:  #anaplasmosis  a disease of cattle that is transmitted by cattle ticks; similar to Texas fever
                                         subtype:  #brooder_pneumonia__brooderpneumonia__aspergillosis__aspergillosi  severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys
                                         subtype:  #bighead  any of various diseases of animals characterized by edema of the head and neck
                                         subtype:  #bull_nose  a disease of pigs resulting in swelling of the snout
                                         subtype:  #canine_chorea__chorea  chorea in dogs
                                         subtype:  #costiasis__costiasi  a fatal disease of fresh-water fish caused by a flagellated protozoan invading the skin
                                         subtype:  #cowpox__vaccinia  a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
                                         subtype:  #creeps.animal_disease  a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait
                                         subtype:  #hemorrhagic_septicemia__hemorrhagicsepticemia__pasteurellosis  an acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection
                                         subtype:  #fowl_cholera  an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
                                         subtype:  #fowl_pest  an acute viral disease of domestic fowl; characterized by refusal to each and high temperature and discoloration of the comb
                                         subtype:  #hog_cholera  highly infectious virus disease of swine
                                         subtype:  #distemper  any of various infectious diseases of animals
                                            subtype:  #canine_distemper  a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation
                                            subtype:  #equine_distemper__strangles__strangle  an acute bacterial disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #enterotoxemia  a disease of cattle and sheep that is attributed to toxins absorbed from the intestines
                                         subtype:  #foot-and-mouth_disease__hoof-and-mouth_disease  acute contagious disease of cloven-footed animals marked by ulcers in the mouth and around the hoofs
                                         subtype:  #foot_rot  contagious degenerative infection of the feet of hoofed animals (especially cattle and sheep)
                                         subtype:  #black_disease__blackdisease__sheep_rot__sheeprot__liver_rot__liverrot__distomatosis  a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products
                                         subtype:  #heaves__broken_wind  a chronic emphysema of the horse that causes difficult expiration and heaving of the flanks
                                         subtype:  #red_water__redwater  a disease of cattle; characterized by hematuria
                                         subtype:  #rhinotracheitis__rhinotracheiti  an respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cattle
                                         subtype:  #rinderpest__cattle_plague  an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes
                                         subtype:  #scours  diarrhea in livestock
                                         subtype:  #bovine_spongiform_encephalitis__BSE__mad_cow_disease__madcowdisease  a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
                                         subtype:  #scrapie  a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
                                         subtype:  #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia  a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
                                         subtype:  #spavin  a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness
                                            subtype:  #blood_spavin__bloodspavin  spavin caused by distension of the veins
                                            subtype:  #bog_spavin__bogspavin  spavin caused by collection of fluids
                                            subtype:  #bone_spavin  spavin caused by a bony growth
                                         subtype:  #loco_disease__locoism  a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis
                                         subtype:  #mange  an persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
                                         subtype:  #moon_blindness__mooneye  recurrent eye inflammation in horses; sometimes resulting in blindness
                                         subtype:  #murrain  any plaguelike disease of domestic animals
                                         subtype:  #myxomatosis__myxomatosi  a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits
                                         subtype:  #Newcastle_disease  disease of domestic fowl and other birds
                                         subtype:  #pip.animal_disease  a disease of poultry
                                         subtype:  #psittacosis__psittacosi__parrot_disease  infectious disease of birds
                                         subtype:  #pullorum_disease__bacillary_white_diarrhea__bacillarywhitediarrhea__bacillary_white_diarrhoea__bacillarywhitediarrhoea  a serious bacterial disease of young chickens
                                         subtype:  #saddle_sore.animal_disease__saddlesore__gall  an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle
                                         subtype:  #sand_crack  a fissure in the wall of a horse's hoof often causing lameness
                                            subtype:  #toe_crack__toecrack  a crack on the forepart of a horse's hindfoot
                                            subtype:  #quarter_crack__quartercrack  a crack on the inside of a horse's forefoot
                                         subtype:  #sweating_sickness  a disease of cattle (especially calves)
                                         subtype:  #Texas_fever  an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by the cattle tick
                                         subtype:  #trembles__milk_sickness  disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot
                                         subtype:  #zoonosis  an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
                                            subtype:  #actinomycosis__actinomycosi  disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
                                               subtype:  #cervicofacial_actinomycosis__cervicofacialactinomycosi__lumpy_jaw__lumpyjaw  the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
                                               subtype:  #thoracic_actinomycosis  a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
                                               subtype:  #abdominal_actinomycosis__abdominalactinomycosi  a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
                                            subtype:  #anthrax__splenic_fever__splenicfever  a highly infectious animal disease (especially cattle and sheep); it can be transmitted to people
                                            subtype:  #brucellosis__contagious_abortion__Bang's_disease  an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings
                                            subtype:  #glanders  a destructive and contagious bacterial disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans
                                            subtype:  #Lyme_disease__Lyme_arthritis  an acute inflammatory disease characterized by a rash with joint swelling and fever; caused by bacteria carried by the bite of a deer tick
                                            subtype:  #Marburg_disease__Marburg-ebola_disease__green_monkey_disease  a viral disease of green monkeys; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
                                            subtype:  #rabies__hydrophobia__madness  an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain
                                            subtype:  #swamp_fever__swampfever__leptospirosis__leptospirosi  an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
                                               subtype:  #canicola_fever  an acute feverish disease in people and in dogs marked by gastroenteritis and mild jaundice
                                               subtype:  #Weil's_disease  a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
                                            subtype:  #tularemia__tularaemia__rabbit_fever__deer_fly_fever__yatobyo  disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals
                                      subtype:  #plant_disease__plantdisease  a disease that affects plants
                                         subtype:  #blight  any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
                                            subtype:  #alder_blight__alderblight  a disease of alders caused by the woolly alder aphid (a plant louse)
                                            subtype:  #apple_blight__appleblight__apple_canker__applecanker  a disease of apple trees
                                            subtype:  #beet_blight  a disease of beet plants
                                            subtype:  #blister_blight__blisterblight  a disease of tea plants
                                            subtype:  #blister_blight.blight__blisterblight  a disease of Scotch pines
                                            subtype:  #cane_blight  a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
                                            subtype:  #chestnut_blight__chestnut_canker__chestnut-bark_disease  a disease of American chestnut trees
                                            subtype:  #coffee_blight  a blight affecting the coffee plant
                                            subtype:  #collar_blight  a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
                                            subtype:  #halo_spot__halo_blight__bean_blight  a blight of bean plants
                                            subtype:  #halo_blight  a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
                                            subtype:  #head_blight  a blight of the heads of cereals
                                               subtype:  #wheat_scab__wheatscab  a disease of the heads of wheat plants
                                            subtype:  #late_blight  blight in which symptoms appear late in the growing season especially a disease of solanaceous plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans
                                               subtype:  #celery_blight  a fungous leaf spot disease of the celery plant
                                            subtype:  #leaf_blight  any blight causing a browning and falling of the leaves of a plant
                                               subtype:  #fire_blight__pear_blight  a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
                                                  subtype:  #blight_canker  a phase of fire blight in which cankers appear
                                               subtype:  #needle_blight__needle_cast__leaf_cast  a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
                                            subtype:  #peach_blight__peachblight  a disease of trees bearing drupes
                                            subtype:  #potato_blight__potato_mold__potato_disease__potato_mildew__potato_murrain  a blight of potatoes
                                            subtype:  #rim_blight__rimblight  a disease of tea plants
                                            subtype:  #spinach_blight__spinachblight  a disease of spinach plants
                                            subtype:  #spur_blight  a disease of raspberries
                                            subtype:  #stem_blight  a fungous blight attacking the stems of plants
                                            subtype:  #stripe_blight  a disease of oats
                                            subtype:  #thread_blight  a disease of tropical woody plants(cocoa or tea or citrus)
                                            subtype:  #tomato_blight__tomato_yellows  a disease of tomato plants
                                            subtype:  #twig_blight  a disease of the ends of twigs of woody plants
                                            subtype:  #walnut_blight  a disease of English walnut trees
                                         subtype:  #rust  a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems caused by a rust fungus
                                            subtype:  #white_pine_blister_rust__whitepineblisterrust__blister_rust__blisterrust__white-pine_rust__whitepinerust  any of several diseases of pines caused by rust fungi of the genus Cronartium and marked by destructive invasion of bark and sapwood and producing blisters externally
                                         subtype:  #blackheart  any of various diseases in which the central tissues blacken
                                         subtype:  #black_knot__blackknot  disease of plum and cherry trees characterized by black excrescences on the branches
                                         subtype:  #black_rot__blackrot  a fungous disease causing darkening and decay of the leaves of fruits and vegetables
                                         subtype:  #black_spot__blackspot  any of several fungous diseases of plants that produce small black spots on the plant
                                         subtype:  #bottom_rot  fungous disease of lettuce that first rots lower leaves and spreads upward
                                         subtype:  #brown_rot__brownrot  any of certain fungous diseases of plants characterized by browning and decay of tissues
                                            subtype:  #brown_rot_gummosis__gummosis  disease of citrus trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora citrophthora
                                            subtype:  #ring_rot__ring_disease__tobacco_wilt__tobaccowilt  disease of tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum
                                         subtype:  #gummosis  pathological production of gummy exudates in citrus and various stone-fruit trees
                                         subtype:  #cotton_ball  a fungus disease of cranberries
                                         subtype:  #crown_gall__crowngall  a bacterial disease of plants (especially pome and stone fruits and grapes and roses) which forms excrescences on the stem near the ground
                                            subtype:  #hairy_root__hairyroot  a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
                                         subtype:  #crown_wart__crownwart  a fungous disease of alfalfa which forms white excrescences at the base of the stem
                                         subtype:  #damping_off__dampingoff  a plant disease caused by a fungus; diseased condition of seedlings in excessive moisture
                                         subtype:  #dieback  a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches
                                         subtype:  #dry_rot.plant_disease__dryrot  a crumbling and drying of timber or bulbs or potatoes or fruit caused by a fungus
                                         subtype:  #heartrot  any plant disease in which the central part of a plant rots (especially in trees)
                                         subtype:  #mosaic.plant_disease  viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes; potatoes; tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
                                            subtype:  #potato_mosaic  a disease of the leaves of potato plants
                                            subtype:  #tobacco_mosaic__tobaccomosaic  a plant disease causing discoloration of the leaves of tobacco plants
                                         subtype:  #rhizoctinia_disease__rhizoctiniadisease  disease caused by rhizoctinia or fungi of Pellicularia and Corticium
                                            subtype:  #little_potato__rosette__russet_scab__stem_canker  rhizoctinia disease of potatoes
                                         subtype:  #pink_disease  serious bark disease of many tropical crop trees (coffee; citrus; rubber); branches have a covering of pink hyphae
                                         subtype:  #potato_wart  fungous disease causing dark warty spongy excrescences in the eyes of potato tubers
                                         subtype:  #root_rot  disease characterized by root decay; caused by various fungi
                                         subtype:  #sweet-potato_ring_rot  disease of sweet potatoes in which roots are girdled by rings of dry rot
                                         subtype:  #sclerotium_disease__sclerotium_rot  plant disease cause by fungi of the genus Sclerotium; also one in which sclerotia are formed
                                         subtype:  #Dutch_elm_disease  disease of elms caused by a fungus
                                         subtype:  #ergot  a plant disease caused by the ergot fungus
                                         subtype:  #foot_rot.plant_disease__footrot  plant disease in which the stem or trunk rots at the base
                                         subtype:  #pinkroot  a fungal disease of onions
                                         subtype:  #wilt_disease__wilt  any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots
                                            subtype:  #granville_wilt__granvillewilt  a bacterial wilt of tobacco plants
                                            subtype:  #fusarium_wilt  caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium
                                            subtype:  #verticilliosis  caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium
                                         subtype:  #smut  destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores
                                            subtype:  #loose_smut.smut__loosesmut  disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores
                                            subtype:  #stinking_smut__bunt  disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores
                                            subtype:  #flag_smut  smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
                                            subtype:  #green_smut__greensmut__false_smut__falsesmut  disease of rice; grains covered by a green powder consisting of conidia
                                         subtype:  #soft_rot  mushy or slimy decay of plants caused by bacteria or fungi
                                            subtype:  #leak.soft_rot  soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
                                         subtype:  #yellow_dwarf  any of several virus diseases of plants characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves
                                            subtype:  #yellow_dwarf_of_potato__potato_yellow_dwarf  the yellow dwarf disease of potato plants
                                            subtype:  #onion_yellow_dwarf  the yellow dwarf disease of onion plants
                                         subtype:  #yellow_spot  any of several fungous or viral diseases characterized by yellow spotting on the leaves
                                            subtype:  #tomato_streak  disease of a wide range of plants (tomatoes; potatoes; peas) resulting from a mixed infection of potato and tomato mosaic
                                      subtype:  #ozena__ozaena  a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures
                                      subtype:  #filariasis  a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels
                                   subtype:  #hypermotility  excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
                                   subtype:  #indisposition  a slight illness
                                   subtype:  #ozone_sickness  illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
                                   subtype:  #toxemia_of_pregnancy__toxaemia_of_pregnancy__toxemia__toxaemia  an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
                                      subtype:  #eclampsia  a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
                                      subtype:  #preeclampsia__pre-eclampsia__preeclampsia  abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
                                   subtype:  #growth.illness  (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
                                      subtype:  #exostosis__exostosi  a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)
                                      subtype:  #polypus__polyp  a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
                                         subtype:  #adenomatous_polyp__adenomatouspolyp  a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium; "adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum"
                                         subtype:  #sessile_polyp__sessilepolyp  a relatively flat polyp
                                         subtype:  #pedunculated_polyp  a polyp with a stalk or peduncle
                                      subtype:  #peduncle.growth  the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
                                      subtype:  #tumor__tumour__neoplasm  an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
                                         subtype:  #acanthoma__skin_tumor  a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
                                            subtype:  #keratoacanthoma  skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar
                                         subtype:  #adenoma  a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
                                            subtype:  #fibroadenoma  benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen
                                         subtype:  #angioma  a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
                                            subtype:  #hemangioma__haemangioma  benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
                                               subtype:  #strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma  a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
                                            subtype:  #lymphangioma  benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
                                            subtype:  #spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider  a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
                                         subtype:  #benign_tumor__benign_tumour__nonmalignant_tumor__nonmalignant_tumout__nonmalignant_neoplasm  a tumor that is not cancerous
                                            subtype:  #chondroma  a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
                                            subtype:  #myxoma  a benign tumor of connective tissue containing jellylike material
                                            subtype:  #osteoblastoma  benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)
                                            subtype:  #osteochondroma  benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
                                         subtype:  #blastoma__blastocytoma__embryonal_carcinosarcoma__embryonalcarcinosarcoma  a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
                                         subtype:  #brain_tumor__braintumor__brain_tumour__braintumour  a tumor in the brain
                                            subtype:  #glioblastoma__spongioblastoma  a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
                                            subtype:  #glioma  a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia
                                         subtype:  #carcinoid  a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin
                                         subtype:  #celioma  an abdominal tumor
                                         subtype:  #enchondroma  benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
                                         subtype:  #fibroma  nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue
                                            subtype:  #fibroid_tumor__fibroidtumor  benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
                                         subtype:  #granuloma  a tumor composed of granulation tissue resulting from injury or inflammation or infection
                                            subtype:  #gumma  a small rubbery granuloma that is characteristic of an advanced stage of syphilis
                                         subtype:  #lipoma__adipose_tumor__adiposetumor  a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
                                         subtype:  #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor  a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
                                         subtype:  #meningioma  a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant
                                         subtype:  #myeloma  a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
                                            subtype:  #multiple_myeloma  myeloma that develops in several places at the same time
                                         subtype:  #myoma  a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue
                                            subtype:  #leiomyoma  benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
                                            subtype:  #rhabdomyoma  benign rumor of striated muscle
                                         subtype:  #neurinoma  tumor (usually benign) of the sheath surrounding a nerve
                                         subtype:  #neuroblastoma  malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly
                                         subtype:  #neuroepithelioma  malignant tumor of the neuroepithelium
                                         subtype:  #neurofibroma__neurilemoma  tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
                                         subtype:  #neuroma  any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
                                         subtype:  #osteoma  a tumor of bone tissue
                                         subtype:  #papilloma__villoma__papillary_tumor__papillarytumor__papillary_tumour__papillarytumour  a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
                                         subtype:  #pheochromocytoma__phaeochromocytoma  a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
                                         subtype:  #pinealoma  tumor of the pineal gland
                                         subtype:  #plasmacytoma  neoplasm of plasma cells (usually in bone marrow)
                                         subtype:  #psammoma__sand_tumor  a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sand-like particles
                                         subtype:  #teratoma  a tumor consisting of a mixture of tissues not normally found at that site
                                      subtype:  #hamartoma  a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
                                subtype:  #invalidism  chronic ill health
                                subtype:  #biliousness  gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
                                subtype:  #infection  invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation
                                   subtype:  #enterobiasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
                                   subtype:  #felon__whitlow  a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
                                   subtype:  #focal_infection__focalinfection  bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
                                   subtype:  #fungal_infection__mycosis__mycosi  an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
                                      subtype:  #blastomycosis__blastomycosi  any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
                                         subtype:  #chromoblastomycosis__chromoblastomycosi  a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
                                      subtype:  #tinea__ringworm__roundworm  infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
                                         subtype:  #dhobi_itch__dhobiitch  fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
                                         subtype:  #kerion  ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that is usually results in a pustule-covered swelling that oozes fluid
                                         subtype:  #tinea_pedis__tineapedi__athlete's_foot__athlete'sfoot  fungal infection of the feet
                                         subtype:  #tinea_barbae__tineabarbae__barber's_itch  fungal infection of the face and neck
                                         subtype:  #tinea_capitis__tineacapiti  fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
                                         subtype:  #tinea_corporis  fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
                                         subtype:  #tinea_cruris__jock_itch__eczema_marginatum  fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
                                         subtype:  #tinea_unguium__tineaunguium  fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
                                      subtype:  #coccidioidomycosis__coccidiomycosis__valley_fever__desert_rheumatism  an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
                                      subtype:  #cryptococcosis  a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
                                      subtype:  #candidiasis__candidiasi__moniliasis__monilia_disease__moniliadisease  an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
                                         subtype:  #thrush.candidiasis  candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
                                      subtype:  #dermatomycosis__dermatophytosis__dermatophytosi  fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
                                      subtype:  #favus__favu  a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
                                      subtype:  #keratomycosis__keratomycosi  fungal infection of the cornea
                                      subtype:  #phycomycosis  any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
                                      subtype:  #sporotrichosis  a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
                                      subtype:  #rhinosporidiosis  fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
                                   subtype:  #opportunistic_infection__opportunisticinfection  any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
                                      subtype:  #aspergillosis.opportunistic_infection__aspergillosi  an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs
                                   subtype:  #paronychia  infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
                                   subtype:  #protozoal_infection__protozoalinfection  any infection caused by a protozoan
                                      subtype:  #malaria  an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever
                                         subtype:  #blackwater_fever  severe and often fatal malaria characterized by kidney damage resulting in dark urine
                                         subtype:  #jungle_fever  severe form of malaria occurring in tropical regions
                                      subtype:  #amebiasis__amebiasi__amoebiasis__amebiosis__amebiosi__amoebiosis  infection by a disease-causing ameba
                                         subtype:  #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery  inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
                                      subtype:  #giardiasis  infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
                                      subtype:  #leishmaniasis__leishmaniasi__leishmaniosis__leishmaniosi  sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania
                                         subtype:  #visceral_leishmaniasis__kala-azar__Assam_fever__dumdum_fever  leishmaniasis of the viscera
                                         subtype:  #cutaneous_leishmaniasis__Old_World_leishmaniasis__oriental_sore__tropical_sore__Delhi_boil__Aleppo_boil  leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
                                         subtype:  #mucocutaneous_leishmaniasis__mucocutaneousleishmaniasi__New_World_leishmaniasis__newworldleishmaniasi__American_leishmaniasis__leishmaniasis_americana__leishmaniasisamericana__nasopharyngeal_leishmaniasis  a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
                                      subtype:  #trichomoniasis  infection of the vagina
                                   subtype:  #respiratory_tract_infection__respiratorytractinfection__respiratory_infection__respiratoryinfection  any infection of the respiratory tract
                                      subtype:  #lower_respiratory_infection__lowerrespiratoryinfection  infection of the lower respiratory tract
                                      subtype:  #upper_respiratory_infection__upperrespiratoryinfection  infection of the upper respiratory tract
                                   subtype:  #scabies__itch  a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch"
                                   subtype:  #schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
                                   subtype:  #sepsis  the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
                                      subtype:  #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia  invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
                                      subtype:  #sapremia__sapraemia  blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrified matter
                                   subtype:  #sore  an open skin infection
                                      subtype:  #blain  an inflammatory swelling or sore
                                         subtype:  #chilblain__chilblains__pernio  inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
                                            subtype:  #kibe  ulcerated chilblain on the heel
                                      subtype:  #chancre  a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)
                                      subtype:  #fester__suppurating_sore__suppuratingsore  a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
                                      subtype:  #gall.sore  a skin sore caused by chafing
                                         subtype:  #saddle_sore  sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
                                   subtype:  #staphylococcal_infection  an infection with Staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
                                      subtype:  #furuncle__boil  a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
                                         subtype:  #gumboil  a boil or abscess on the gums
                                      subtype:  #carbuncle  an infection larger than a boil and with several openings for discharge of pus
                                   subtype:  #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection  an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
                                   subtype:  #sty__stye__hordeolum__eye_infection__eyeinfection  an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
                                   subtype:  #superinfection  infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
                                   subtype:  #suprainfection  secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
                                   subtype:  #tapeworm_infection  intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
                                   subtype:  #lockjaw__tetanus__tetanu  an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
                                   subtype:  #toxoplasmosis__toxoplasmosi  infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
                                   subtype:  #viral_infection__viralinfection__virus_infection__virusinfection  infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_fever__hemorrhagicfever__haemorrhagic_fever  a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
                                      subtype:  #herpangia  a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time
                                      subtype:  #Rift_Valley_fever  a viral infection common in Africa; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
                                      subtype:  #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia  pneumonia caused by a virus
                                subtype:  #heatstroke__heat_hyperpyrexia  collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
                                   subtype:  #heat_exhaustion__heat_prostration__prostration  a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
                                   subtype:  #sunstroke__insolation__thermic_fever__thermicfever__siriasis  sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
                                subtype:  #pathology  any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
                                   subtype:  #acidosis  abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
                                      subtype:  #ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis  acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
                                      subtype:  #metabolic_acidosis  acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis  acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
                                      subtype:  #starvation_acidosis  acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
                                   subtype:  #alkalosis__alkalosi  abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
                                      subtype:  #metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi  alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
                                      subtype:  #respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi  alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
                                   subtype:  #ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis  abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
                                   subtype:  #arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia  an abnormal distension of an artery
                                   subtype:  #asynergy__asynergia  absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
                                   subtype:  #asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest  absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
                                   subtype:  #diverticulosis  presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
                                   subtype:  #flux.pathology  excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
                                   subtype:  #fluorosis__fluorosi  a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
                                   subtype:  #gammopathy  a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
                                   subtype:  #glossolalia  repetitive nonsense speech
                                   subtype:  #angiopathy  any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
                                      subtype:  #angioma  a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
                                      subtype:  #angiitis  inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
                                   subtype:  #idiopathic_disease__idiopathy  any disease of unknown cause
                                   subtype:  #aphagia  loss of the ability to swallow
                                   subtype:  #stenosis__stricture  abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
                                      subtype:  #aortic_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
                                      subtype:  #enterostenosis  abnormal narrowing of the intestine
                                      subtype:  #Laryngostenosis  abnormal narrowing of the larynx
                                      subtype:  #pulmonary_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
                                      subtype:  #pyloric_stenosis  narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
                                      subtype:  #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi  narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
                                      subtype:  #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis  obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
                                      subtype:  #ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi  stenosis of the ureter
                                   subtype:  #atherogenesis__atherogenesi  the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
                                   subtype:  #ascites__ascite  accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
                                   subtype:  #azymia  absence of an enzyme
                                   subtype:  #bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia  transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
                                   subtype:  #sclerosis__sclerosi__induration  any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
                                      subtype:  #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis  a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
                                      subtype:  #amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease  thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
                                      subtype:  #arteriolosclerosis  sclerosis of the arterioles
                                      subtype:  #arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease  sclerosis of the arterial walls
                                         subtype:  #atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease  a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
                                         subtype:  #arteriosclerosis_obliterans  a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
                                      subtype:  #osteosclerosis  abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
                                   subtype:  #lipomatosis__lipomatosi  pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
                                   subtype:  #lithiasis__lithiasi  the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
                                      subtype:  #cholelithiasis  the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
                                      subtype:  #enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi  the presence of calculi in the intestines
                                      subtype:  #nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis  the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
                                         subtype:  #nephrocalcinosis  renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
                                   subtype:  #cartilaginification  abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
                                   subtype:  #cyst  a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
                                      subtype:  #dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst  a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
                                      subtype:  #galactocele  a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst  a cyst containing blood
                                         subtype:  #cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma  a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
                                      subtype:  #hydatid  cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
                                      subtype:  #nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle  a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
                                      subtype:  #ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst  a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
                                      subtype:  #ranula  a cyst on the underside of the tongue
                                      subtype:  #sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma  a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
                                         subtype:  #chalazion__Meibomian_cyst  a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
                                   subtype:  #endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi  the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
                                   subtype:  #adhesion  abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
                                      subtype:  #symphysis.adhesion__symphysi  an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
                                      subtype:  #synechia  adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
                                         subtype:  #anterior_synechia  adhesion between the iris and the cornea
                                         subtype:  #posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia  adhesion between the iris and the lens
                                   subtype:  #hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes  pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
                                      subtype:  #classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi  inherited form of hemochromatosis
                                      subtype:  #acquired_hemochromatosis  hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
                                   subtype:  #infarct__infarction  localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
                                      subtype:  #myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI  destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
                                   subtype:  #macrocytosis  the presence of macrocytes in the blood
                                   subtype:  #fibrosis  development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
                                      subtype:  #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis  a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
                                      subtype:  #myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi  fibrosis of the bone marrow
                                   subtype:  #malacia  a state of abnormal softening of tissue
                                      subtype:  #osteomalacia  abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
                                   subtype:  #neuropathy  any pathology of the peripheral nerves
                                      subtype:  #mononeuropathy  any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
                                      subtype:  #multiple_mononeuropathy  pathology of several individual nerve trunks
                                   subtype:  #myopathy  any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
                                   subtype:  #osteoporosis  abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
                                   subtype:  #priapism  condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
                                   subtype:  #demineralization__demineralisation  abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
                                   subtype:  #pyorrhea__pyorrhoea  discharge of pus
                                   subtype:  #uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia  accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
                                   subtype:  #azoturia  excess of urea in the urine
                                   subtype:  #lesion  any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
                                      subtype:  #tubercle  a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
                                      subtype:  #ulcer__ulceration  a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
                                         subtype:  #aphthous_ulcer  a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
                                         subtype:  #bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer  a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
                                         subtype:  #chancroid  infectious venereal ulcer
                                         subtype:  #peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration  an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
                                            subtype:  #duodenal_ulcer  a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
                                            subtype:  #gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer  a peptic ulcer of the stomach
                                         subtype:  #canker  an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
                                         subtype:  #noli-me-tangere  a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
                                         subtype:  #noma  acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
                                   subtype:  #gangrene__sphacelus__slough  necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
                                   subtype:  #hyperbilirubinemia  abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
                                      subtype:  #hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia  a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
                                   subtype:  #palilalia  a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
                                   subtype:  #reflux  an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
                                      subtype:  #gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux  reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
                                      subtype:  #hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux  a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
                                      subtype:  #ureterorenal_reflux  a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
                                      subtype:  #vesicoureteral_reflux  a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
                                   subtype:  #otorrhea  discharge from the external ear
                                   subtype:  #rhinopathy  any disease or malformation of the nose
                                      subtype:  #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi  narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
                                      subtype:  #rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose  enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
                                      subtype:  #rhinosporidiosis  fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
                                   subtype:  #hydronephrosis  accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
                                   subtype:  #atelectasis  collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
                                   subtype:  #anoxemia  abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
                                   subtype:  #coprolalia  an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
                                   subtype:  #autoimmunity  production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
                                   subtype:  #dysfunction  (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
                                      subtype:  #erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED  impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
                                      subtype:  #paralysis__paralysi__palsy  loss of the ability to move a body part
                                         subtype:  #akinesis__akinesia  motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
                                         subtype:  #alalia  paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
                                         subtype:  #cystoplegia__cystoparalysis  paralysis of the urinary bladder
                                         subtype:  #diplegia  paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
                                         subtype:  #Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis  paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
                                         subtype:  #monoplegia  paralysis of a single limb
                                         subtype:  #ophthalmoplegia  paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
                                         subtype:  #paresis__paresi  a slight or partial paralysis
                                            subtype:  #paraparesis__paraparesi  a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
                                         subtype:  #paraplegia  paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
                                         subtype:  #hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis  paralysis of one side of the body
                                         subtype:  #quadriplegia  paralysis of both arms and both legs
                                   subtype:  #sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi  a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
                                   subtype:  #carotenemia  excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
                                   subtype:  #stasis.pathology  an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
                                   subtype:  #uropathy  any pathology of the urinary tract
                                      subtype:  #kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis  a disease affecting the kidneys
                                         subtype:  #nephritis__Bright's_disease  an inflammation of the kidney
                                            subtype:  #glomerulonephritis  nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
                                         subtype:  #nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis  kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
                                         subtype:  #polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD  kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
                                         subtype:  #polyuria  renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
                                         subtype:  #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure  inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
                                            subtype:  #acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure  renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
                                            subtype:  #chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure  renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
                                         subtype:  #renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency  insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
                                   subtype:  #varicosis__varicosi  pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
                                   subtype:  #viremia__viraemia  the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
                                   subtype:  #volvulus  abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
                                subtype:  #affliction.ill_health  a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
                                   subtype:  #deformity__malformation__misshapenness__misshapennes  an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
                                      subtype:  #Arnold-Chiari_deformity  deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
                                      subtype:  #clawfoot__pes_cavus__pescavu  a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
                                      subtype:  #cleft_foot__cleftfoot  a deformity in which the space between the third and fourth toes extends up into the foot
                                      subtype:  #clubfoot__talipes__talipe  congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
                                         subtype:  #talipes_valgus  deformity of the foot in which the foot is twisted outward
                                         subtype:  #talipes_equinus__talipesequinu  talipes in which the toes are pointed downward
                                         subtype:  #talipes_calcaneus__talipescalcaneu  talipes in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks on the heel of the foot
                                      subtype:  #pigeon_breast__chicken_breast__chickenbreast  abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
                                      subtype:  #plagiocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
                                      subtype:  #scaphocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
                                subtype:  #harm__injury__hurt__trauma  any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
                                   subtype:  #bleeding__hemorrhage__haemorrhage  flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels
                                      subtype:  #hemorrhagic_stroke__hemorrhagicstroke__haemorrhagic_stroke  stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
                                      subtype:  #cerebral_hemorrhage  bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain
                                      subtype:  #blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation  the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
                                      subtype:  #hyphema  bleeding into the interior chamber of the eye
                                      subtype:  #metrorrhagia  bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)
                                      subtype:  #nosebleed__epistaxis__epistaxi  bleeding from the nose
                                      subtype:  #ulemorrhagia  bleeding of the gums
                                   subtype:  #bruise__contusion  an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
                                      subtype:  #ecchymosis.bruise  the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
                                      subtype:  #petechia  a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
                                      subtype:  #black_eye__blackeye__shiner  a bruise caused by a blow to the eye
                                   subtype:  #bump  a lump on the body caused by a blow
                                   subtype:  #burn.harm  an injury cause by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
                                      subtype:  #electric_burn  a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
                                      subtype:  #singe__scorch  a surface burn
                                      subtype:  #scald.burn  a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
                                      subtype:  #first-degree_burn  burn causing redness of the skin surface
                                         subtype:  #erythema_solare__sunburn  redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
                                      subtype:  #second-degree_burn  burn causing blisters on the skin and superficial destruction of the dermis
                                      subtype:  #third-degree_burn  burn characterized by destruction of both epidermis and dermis
                                   subtype:  #dislocation  a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
                                      subtype:  #abarticulation  dislocation of a joint
                                      subtype:  #diastasis  separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone
                                      subtype:  #spondylolisthesis__spondylolisthesi  a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
                                   subtype:  #electric_shock.harm__electricshock  trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
                                   subtype:  #fracture__break  breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall"
                                      subtype:  #comminuted_fracture  fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
                                      subtype:  #complete_fracture  break involving the entire width of the bone
                                      subtype:  #compound_fracture__open_fracture  bone fracture associated with lacerated soft tissue or an open wound
                                      subtype:  #compression_fracture__compressionfracture  fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
                                      subtype:  #depressed_fracture__depressedfracture  fracture of the skull where the bone is pushed in
                                      subtype:  #displaced_fracture__displacedfracture  fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another
                                      subtype:  #fatigue_fracture__fatiguefracture__stress_fracture  fracture resulting from excessive activity rather than a specific injury
                                      subtype:  #incomplete_fracture  fracture that does not go across the entire width of the bone
                                         subtype:  #greenstick_fracture  a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children); the bone is bent but broken on only one side
                                      subtype:  #impacted_fracture  fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end
                                      subtype:  #simple_fracture__closed_fracture  an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones to not pierce the skin
                                   subtype:  #frostbite__cryopathy  destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
                                      subtype:  #trenchfoot__immersion_foot__immersionfoot  resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet
                                   subtype:  #intravasation  entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
                                   subtype:  #pinch  an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
                                   subtype:  #rupture.harm  state of being torn or burst open
                                      subtype:  #hernia__herniation  rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
                                         subtype:  #colpocele__vaginocele  hernia projecting into the vagina
                                            subtype:  #cystocele__colpocystocele  hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth
                                            subtype:  #rectocele__proctocele  protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth
                                         subtype:  #diverticulum  a herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ (especially the colon)
                                            subtype:  #Meckel's_diverticulum  a congenital diverticulum in the ileum resulting from incomplete closure of the yolk sac
                                         subtype:  #eventration  protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall
                                         subtype:  #exomphalos  an umbilical hernia at birth in which some abdominal organs push into the umbilical cord
                                         subtype:  #hiatus_hernia__hiatal_hernia__diaphragmatic_hernia__diaphragmatichernia  hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
                                         subtype:  #inguinal_hernia  hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males
                                         subtype:  #keratocele  hernia of the cornea
                                         subtype:  #laparocele  hernia through the abdomen
                                         subtype:  #umbilical_hernia__umbilicalhernia__omphalocele  protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth
                                      subtype:  #herniated_disc__herniateddisc__ruptured_intervertebral_disc__slipped_disc__slippeddisc  a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
                                   subtype:  #insect_bite__sting__bite  a painful wound caused by the thrust of a stinger into skin
                                      subtype:  #bee_sting__beesting  a sting inflicted by a bee
                                      subtype:  #flea_bite.insect_bite__fleabite  sting inflicted by a flea
                                      subtype:  #mosquito_bite  a sting inflicted by a mosquito
                                   subtype:  #strain.harm  injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
                                   subtype:  #whiplash_injury__whiplash  an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
                                   subtype:  #wale__welt__weal__wheal  a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
                                   subtype:  #wound__lesion  any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision
                                      subtype:  #raw_wound__rawwound  a wound that exposes subcutaneous tissue
                                      subtype:  #stigmata  marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
                                      subtype:  #scratch__scrape__excoriation  an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
                                         subtype:  #graze  a superficial abrasion
                                         subtype:  #rope_burn  abrasion (usually on the hands) caused by friction from a rope
                                      subtype:  #cut.wound__gash__slash__slice  a wound made by cutting; "he put a bandage over the cut"
                                      subtype:  #laceration.wound  a torn ragged wound
                                      subtype:  #bite  a wound resulting from biting
                                         subtype:  #dog_bite__dogbite  a bite inflicted by a dog
                                         subtype:  #snakebite  a bite inflicted by a (venomous) snake
                                   subtype:  #wrench__twist__pull  a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; "the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"; "he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
                                      subtype:  #sprain  a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
                                subtype:  #poor_shape__unfitness__unfitnes__badcondition  poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition
                                   subtype:  #infirmity__frailty__debility__feebleness__frailness__frailnes  the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
                                      subtype:  #asthenia__astheny  an abnormal loss of strength
                                      subtype:  #cachexia__cachexy__wasting  any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
                                   subtype:  #disability__disablement__handicap__impairment  the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; "reading disability"; "hearing impairment"
                                      subtype:  #bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara__tibiavara  a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
                                      subtype:  #anorgasmia  absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
                                      subtype:  #disability_of_walking  a disability that interferes with or prevents walking
                                         subtype:  #abasia  inability to walk
                                            subtype:  #abasia_trepidans  abasia due to trembling of the legs
                                            subtype:  #atactic_abasia__atacticabasia__ataxic_abasia  abasia due to ataxia of the legs
                                            subtype:  #choreic_abasia__choreicabasia  abasia related to abnormal movements of the legs
                                            subtype:  #paralytic_abasia__paralyticabasia  abasia related to paralysis of the leg muscles
                                            subtype:  #paroxysmal_trepidant_abasia  abasia related to spasticity of the legs
                                            subtype:  #spastic_abasia__spasticabasia  abasia due to spastic contractions of the leg muscles
                                         subtype:  #lameness__limping__gimp__gimpiness__gimpines__gamenes__claudication  disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet
                                            subtype:  #intermittent_claudication  lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate; pain subsides with rest
                                      subtype:  #astasia  inability to stand due to muscular incoordination
                                      subtype:  #amputation.disability  a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs
                                      subtype:  #hearing_impairment__hearingimpairment__hearing_loss  impairment of the sense of hearing
                                         subtype:  #deafness  partial or complete loss of hearing
                                            subtype:  #tone_deafness  an inability to distinguish differences in pitch
                                            subtype:  #deaf-mutism__deaf-muteness  congenital deafness that results in inability to speak
                                         subtype:  #conductive_hearing_loss__conduction_deafness__middle-ear_deafness  hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear
                                         subtype:  #sensorineural_hearing_loss__nerve_deafness  hearing loss due to failure of the auditory nerve
                                      subtype:  #dysomia  impairment of the sense of smell
                                         subtype:  #anosmia  absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
                                         subtype:  #hyposmia  lessened sensitivity to odors
                                      subtype:  #visual_impairment__visual_defect__vision_defect__visual_disorder  impairment of the sense of sight
                                         subtype:  #amaurosis__amaurosi  partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
                                         subtype:  #amblyopia  visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
                                         subtype:  #ametropia  (ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
                                            subtype:  #myopia__nearsightedness__nearsightednes__shortsightednes  (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
                                            subtype:  #astigmia__astigmatism  (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea
                                               subtype:  #keratectasia  abnormal bulging of the cornea of the eye
                                               subtype:  #keratoconus__keratoconu  abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea of the eye; can be treated by epikeratophakia
                                            subtype:  #hyperopia__hypermetropia__hypermetropy__farsightedness__longsightedness__longsightednes  abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
                                               subtype:  #presbyopia  farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
                                         subtype:  #aniseikonia  visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
                                         subtype:  #anorthopia  distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
                                         subtype:  #aphakia  absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
                                         subtype:  #blindness__blindnes__sightlessnes  lack of sight
                                            subtype:  #anopia  sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
                                            subtype:  #snowblindness__snowblindnes  temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
                                            subtype:  #eyelessness__eyelessnes  blindness due to loss of the eyes
                                            subtype:  #figural_blindness__figuralblindnes  inability to see shapes and contours
                                         subtype:  #color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency  genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
                                            subtype:  #dichromacy__dichromatism__dichromatopsia__dichromia__dichromasy  a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
                                               subtype:  #red-green_dichromacy__redgreendichromacy__red-gree_color_blindness  confusion of red and green
                                                  subtype:  #deuteranopia__Daltonism__green-blindness  dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
                                                  subtype:  #protanopia__red-blindness__redblindnes  dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
                                               subtype:  #yellow-blue_dichromacy__yellow-blue_color_blindness  confusion of yellow and blue
                                                  subtype:  #tetartanopia__yellow-blindness  a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
                                                  subtype:  #tritanopia__blue-blindness  rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
                                            subtype:  #monochromacy__monochromatism__monochromatic_vision__monochromaticvision__monochromia__monochromasy  complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
                                         subtype:  #diplopia__double_vision  visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects; "diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered"
                                         subtype:  #hemeralopia__dayblindnes  inability to see clearly in bright light
                                         subtype:  #hemianopia__hemianopsia  blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
                                         subtype:  #quadrantanopia  blindness in one fourth of the visual field
                                         subtype:  #metamorphopsia  a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
                                         subtype:  #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness  inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
                                         subtype:  #photoretinitis  damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
                                         subtype:  #retinal_detachment__retinaldetachment__detachment_of_the_retina__detached_retina  visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
                                         subtype:  #tunnel_vision  visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
                                         subtype:  #xanthopsia  visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
                                      subtype:  #prolapse__prolapsus__prolapsu__descensus__descensu  the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus)
                                         subtype:  #enteroptosis  an abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity
                                         subtype:  #glossoptosis  abnormal downward or back placement of the tongue
                                         subtype:  #metroptosis__descensus_uteri  prolapse of the uterus
                                         subtype:  #nephroptosis__nephroptosia  prolapse of the kidney
                                         subtype:  #ptosis  drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
                                         subtype:  #ureterocele  prolapse of the end of the ureter into the bladder; may obstruct urine flow
                                         subtype:  #urethrocele  prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
                                      subtype:  #hypoesthesia__hypesthesia  impairment of tactile sensitivity; decrease of sensitivity
                                      subtype:  #knock-knee__knockknee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga__tibiavalga  by inward slant of the thigh
                                      subtype:  #pigeon_toes  disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee
                                      subtype:  #bow_leg__bowleg__bow_legs__bandy_legs  outward curvature of the legs
                             subtype:  #cellularity  the state of having cells
                                subtype:  #hypercellularity  the state of having abnormally many cells
                                subtype:  #hypocellularity  the state of having abnormally few cells
                             subtype:  #dependence__addiction__dependency  being abnormally dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
                                subtype:  #drug_addiction__white_plague__whiteplague  an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)
                                   subtype:  #alcoholism__alcohol_addiction__alcoholaddiction__drunkenness__drunkennes  prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms
                                   subtype:  #cocaine_addiction__cocaineaddiction  an addiction to cocaine
                                   subtype:  #heroin_addiction  an addiction to heroin
                                   subtype:  #caffein_addiction__caffeinaddiction  an addiction to caffein
                                   subtype:  #nicotine_addiction  an addiction to nicotine
                             subtype:  #suspended_animation__suspendedanimation  a temporary cessation of vital functions with loss of consciousness resembling death; usually resulting from asphyxia
                                subtype:  #anabiosis__anabiosi  suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns
                             subtype:  #cryptobiosis  a state in which an animal's metabolic activities come to a reversible standstill
                             subtype:  #dilatation__distension  the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions
                                subtype:  #ectasia__ectasis__ectasi  dilatation or distension of a hollow organ
                                   subtype:  #lymphangiectasia__lymphangiectasis  dilatation of a lymph vessel
                                   subtype:  #alveolar_ectasia  abnormal enlargement of the air sacs in the lungs
                                subtype:  #varicocele  dilatation of the veins associated with the spermatic cord in the testes
                             subtype:  #emmetropia  (ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina
                             subtype:  #sedation  a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
                             subtype:  #hyperpigmentation  unusual darkening of the skin
                                subtype:  #suntan__tan__sunburn__burn  a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun
                             subtype:  #hypopigmentation  unusual lack of skin color
                                subtype:  #albinism  the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
                             subtype:  #amyxia  a condition in which no mucus in produced
                             subtype:  #cold_sweat  concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear
                             subtype:  #obstruction.physiological_state__blockage  the state or condition of being obstructed
                                subtype:  #intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu  blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
                                subtype:  #tamponade__tamponage  blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)
                                   subtype:  #cardiac_tamponade__cardiactamponade  mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion
                             subtype:  #toxic_condition__toxiccondition__poisoning  the physiological state produced by a poison or a toxic substance
                                subtype:  #alkali_poisoning  poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an alkali compound (as lye or ammonia)
                                subtype:  #caffeinism__caffiene_intoxication  poisoning resulting from excessive intake of caffeine containing products
                                subtype:  #carbon_monoxide_poisoning  a toxic condition that results from inhaling and absorbing carbon monoxide gas; "carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and displaces oxygen in the blood"
                                subtype:  #cyanide_poisoning__cyanidepoisoning  poisoning due to ingesting or inhaling cyanide; common in smoke from fires and in industrial chemicals
                                subtype:  #ergotism  poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and craming and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs
                                subtype:  #mercury_poisoning__mercurypoisoning  a toxic condition caused by ingesting or inhaling mercury; acute mercury poisoning causes a metallic taste and vomiting and diarrhea and kidney problems that may lead to death
                                   subtype:  #Minamata_disease  a form of mercury poisoning among people who ate fish from mercury-contaminated waters of Minamata Bay off Japan in the 1950s; characterized by severe neurological degeneration
                                subtype:  #naphthalene_poisoning__naphthalenepoisoning  toxic condition resulting from inhaling or ingesting naphthalene
                                subtype:  #nicotine_poisoning  toxic condition caused by the ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of nicotine
                                subtype:  #ophidism  poisoning by snake venom
                                subtype:  #paraquat_poisoning  poisoning caused by ingestion of paraquat; characterized by progressive damage to the esophagus and liver and kidneys
                                subtype:  #pesticide_poisoning  toxic condition resulting from ingesting or inhaling a pesticide
                                   subtype:  #malathion_poisoning__malathionpoisoning  a toxic condition caused by inhaling or ingesting the insecticide Malathion
                                   subtype:  #parathion_poisoning__parathionpoisoning  a toxic condition resulting from inhalation or ingestion of the insecticide parathion; characterized by nausea and abdominal pains and headache and convulsions and sweating
                                subtype:  #salicylate_poisoning  poisoning caused by the excessive ingestion of salicylates (usually aspirin)
                             subtype:  #analgesia  absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
                             subtype:  #oligospermia  insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
                          subtype:  #disorder.state__upset  condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
                             subtype:  #immunological_disorder__immunologicaldisorder  a disorder of the immune system
                                subtype:  #immunodeficiency  immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
                                   subtype:  #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome  a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
                                   subtype:  #agammaglobulinemia  a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
                                   subtype:  #hypogammaglobulinemia  an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of infection
                                subtype:  #immunosuppression  lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
                                subtype:  #anergy.immunological_disorder  reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen
                             subtype:  #functional_disorder  disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
                             subtype:  #organic_disorder__organicdisorder  disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
                             subtype:  #abocclusion  the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
                             subtype:  #abruptio_placentae  a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
                             subtype:  #achlorhydria  an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
                             subtype:  #acholia__cholestasi  a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
                             subtype:  #achylia_gastrica__achyliagastrica  absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
                             subtype:  #acute_brain_disorder__acutebraindisorder__acute_organic_brain_syndrome__acuteorganicbrainsyndrome  any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
                             subtype:  #ailment__complaint__ill  an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
                                subtype:  #pip  a minor nonspecific ailment
                                subtype:  #motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi  the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
                                   subtype:  #airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes  motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
                                   subtype:  #car_sickness  motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
                                   subtype:  #seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia  motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
                             subtype:  #eating_disorder  a disorder of the normal eating routine
                                subtype:  #anorexia  a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
                                   subtype:  #anorexia_nervosa  (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated
                                subtype:  #bulimarexia__binge-purge_syndrome__bingepurgesyndrome__binge-vomit_syndrome__bingevomitsyndrome__bulima_nervosa  a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting
                                subtype:  #binge-eating_syndrome__bulimia  a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation
                             subtype:  #bladder_disorder__bladderdisorder  a disorder of the urinary bladder
                                subtype:  #flaccid_bladder__flaccidbladder  a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
                                subtype:  #neurogenic_bladder  a urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system
                                subtype:  #spastic_bladder__spasticbladder  a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
                             subtype:  #cardiovascular_disease  a disease of the heart or blood vessels
                                subtype:  #heart_disease__heartdisease__heart_condition__heartcondition__cardiopathy  a disease of the heart
                                   subtype:  #angina_pectoris__angina  a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
                                   subtype:  #cardiac_arrhythmia__cardiacarrhythmia__arrhythmia  an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
                                      subtype:  #flutter  abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block
                                      subtype:  #gallop_rhythm__cantering_rhythm__canteringrhythm  cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
                                      subtype:  #atrial_fibrillation  fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
                                      subtype:  #bradycardia  abnormally slow heartbeat
                                      subtype:  #heart_block__Adams-Stokes_syndrome__Stokes-Adams_syndrome__atrioventricular_block  recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat
                                      subtype:  #premature_ventricular_contraction__prematureventricularcontraction__pvc  irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
                                      subtype:  #tachycardia  abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
                                      subtype:  #ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation  fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
                                   subtype:  #cardiomyopathy__myocardiopathy  a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
                                      subtype:  #hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy  a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
                                   subtype:  #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
                                      subtype:  #congestive_heart_failure  inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
                                      subtype:  #heart_attack__heartattack  a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function
                                   subtype:  #valvular_heart_disease  heart disease caused by stenosis of the cardiac valves and obstructed blood flow or caused by degeneration and blood regurgitation
                                      subtype:  #aortic_stenosis  abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
                                      subtype:  #mitral_valve_prolapse  cardiopathy resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
                                      subtype:  #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis  obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
                                   subtype:  #rheumatic_heart_disease__rheumaticheartdisease  heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
                                subtype:  #high_blood_pressure__hypertension  a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
                                   subtype:  #essential_hypertension__essentialhypertension__hyperpiesis  persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
                                   subtype:  #malignant_hypertension__malignanthypertension  severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain; "malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension"
                                      subtype:  #portal_hypertension  increase in blood pressure in the veins of the portal system caused by obstruction in the liver (often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis), causing enlargement of the spleen and collateral veins
                                   subtype:  #secondary_hypertension__secondaryhypertension  hypertension that is secondary to another disease
                                   subtype:  #white-coat_hypertension  temporary rise in blood pressure in the doctor's office
                                subtype:  #hypotension  abnormally low blood pressure
                                   subtype:  #orthostatic_hypotension__postural_hypotension  low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
                                subtype:  #aneurysm  a sac-like widening of an artery
                                   subtype:  #aortic_aneurysm  an aneurysm of the aorta
                                   subtype:  #cerebral_aneurysm  an aneurysm of the carotid artery
                                   subtype:  #intracranial_aneurysm  an aneurysm of a cranial artery
                                   subtype:  #ventricular_aneurysm__ventricularaneurysm  a localized dilation or protrusion on the wall of the left ventricle of the heart (occurring after a myocardial infarction)
                                subtype:  #circulatory_failure__circulatoryfailure  failure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues
                             subtype:  #celiac_disease  a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
                             subtype:  #cheilosis__cheilosi__perleche  a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
                             subtype:  #choking  a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
                             subtype:  #colpoxerosis  a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
                             subtype:  #degenerative_disorder  condition leading to progressive loss of function
                                subtype:  #demyelination  loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function
                                subtype:  #dystrophy  any degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition
                                   subtype:  #osteodystrophy  defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
                                subtype:  #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis  a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
                                subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
                                subtype:  #chorea  any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
                                   subtype:  #orthochorea  a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
                                   subtype:  #Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance  chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
                                   subtype:  #tarantism  a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
                                   subtype:  #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease  hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
                             subtype:  #dysaphia  a disorder in the sense of touch
                             subtype:  #dysosmia__parosamia__ofactory_impairment  a disorder in the sense of smell
                             subtype:  #dyspahgia  condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
                             subtype:  #dysuria  painful or difficult urination
                             subtype:  #failure.disorder  loss of ability to function normally
                                subtype:  #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure  inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
                                subtype:  #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure  inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
                             subtype:  #fantods  an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
                             subtype:  #glandular_disease__glandulardisease__gland_disease__glanddisease__glandular_disorder__glandulardisorder__adenosis  a disorder of the glands of the body
                                subtype:  #hyperparathyroidism  excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
                                subtype:  #hypoparathyroidism  inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
                                subtype:  #hyperpituitarism  excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)
                                subtype:  #Addison's_disease__Addison's_syndrome__hypoadrenalism__hypoadrenocorticism  a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
                                subtype:  #adenopathy  a glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)
                                subtype:  #aldosteronism__hyperaldosteronism  a condition caused by over-production of aldosterone
                                subtype:  #Cushing's_disease__hyperadrenalism  a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
                                subtype:  #Cushing's_syndrome__hyperadrenocorticism  a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
                                subtype:  #diabetes  any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
                                   subtype:  #diabetes_mellitus__DM  diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria; "when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'"
                                      subtype:  #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes  severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
                                      subtype:  #Type_II_diabetes__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__NIDDM__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes__ketosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketosis-resistant_diabetes__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes__adult-onset_diabetes_mellitus__adult-onset_diabetes__maturity-onset_diabetes_mellitus__maturity-onset_diabetes  mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
                                      subtype:  #latent_diabetes__chemical_diabetes  a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
                                   subtype:  #diabetes_insipidus  a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst
                                      subtype:  #nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus  diabetes insipidus caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to normal levels of vasopressin
                                subtype:  #hyperthyroidism__thyrotoxicosis  an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
                                   subtype:  #Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter  exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
                                subtype:  #hypothyroidism  an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
                                   subtype:  #myxedema__myxoedema  hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
                                   subtype:  #cretinism  severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
                             subtype:  #hyperactivity  a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
                             subtype:  #impacted_tooth__impaction  a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
                             subtype:  #impaction  a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
                             subtype:  #learning_disorder__learning_disability__learningdisability  a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
                                subtype:  #dyscalculia  impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics
                                subtype:  #dysgraphia  impaired ability to learn to write
                                subtype:  #dyslexia  impaired ability to learn to read
                             subtype:  #malocclusion  (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
                                subtype:  #overbite  (dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth
                             subtype:  #mental_disorder__mental_disturbance__disturbance__psychological_disorder__psychologicaldisorder__folie  (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
                                subtype:  #anxiety_disorder__anxietydisorder  a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
                                   subtype:  #generalized_anxiety_disorder__generalizedanxietydisorder__GAD__anxiety_reaction__anxietyreaction  an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
                                   subtype:  #panic_disorder__panicdisorder  an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
                                   subtype:  #phobia__phobic_disorder__phobic_neurosis  an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; "phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias"
                                      subtype:  #agoraphobia  a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)
                                      subtype:  #simple_phobia  any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with relatively simple well-defined stimuli
                                         subtype:  #acrophobia  a morbid fear of great heights
                                         subtype:  #algophobia  a morbid fear of pain
                                         subtype:  #aquaphobia  a morbid fear of drowning
                                         subtype:  #astraphobia  a morbid fear of thunder and lightning
                                         subtype:  #claustrophobia  a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space
                                         subtype:  #cryophobia  a morbid fear of freezing
                                         subtype:  #hydrophobia  a fear of drinking liquids because swallowing is so painful (as with persons having rabies)
                                         subtype:  #hypnophobia  a morbid fear of falling asleep
                                         subtype:  #mysophobia  a morbid fear of dirt or contamination
                                         subtype:  #neophobia  a morbid fear of novelty
                                         subtype:  #nyctophobia  a morbid fear of night or darkness
                                         subtype:  #phobophobia  a morbid fear of developing a phobia
                                         subtype:  #photophobia  a morbid fear of light
                                         subtype:  #pyrophobia  a morbid fear of fire
                                         subtype:  #taphephobia  a morbid fear of being buried alive
                                         subtype:  #thanatophobia  a morbid fear of death
                                         subtype:  #triskaidekaphobia  a morbid fear of the number 13
                                         subtype:  #zoophobia  a morbid fear of animals
                                            subtype:  #acarophobia  a morbid fear of small insects and mites and worms
                                            subtype:  #ailurophobia  a morbid fear of cats
                                            subtype:  #cynophobia  a morbid fear of dogs
                                            subtype:  #entomophobia  a morbid fear of insects
                                            subtype:  #lepidophobia  a morbid fear of snakes
                                            subtype:  #musophobia  a morbid fear of mice
                                      subtype:  #social_phobia  any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with situations in which you are subject to criticism by others (as fear of eating in public or public speaking etc)
                                         subtype:  #androphobia  a morbid fear of men
                                         subtype:  #gynophobia  a morbid fear of women
                                         subtype:  #satanophobia  an abnormal fear of Satan
                                         subtype:  #school_phobia  a child's sudden fear of attending school
                                         subtype:  #traumatophobia  a morbid fear of battle or physical injury
                                         subtype:  #xenophobia  an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers
                                   subtype:  #posttraumatic_stress_disorder__PTSD  an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as guilt about surviving or reliving the trauma in dreams or numbness and lack of involvement with reality or recurrent thoughts and images
                                      subtype:  #battle_fatigue__combat_fatigue__combat_neurosis__shell_shock__shellshock  a mental disorder caused by stress of active warfare
                                subtype:  #psychosomatic_disorder__psychosomaticdisorder  a mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms
                                subtype:  #aberration  a disorder in one's mental state
                                subtype:  #conversion_disorder__conversion_reaction__conversion_hysteria  a mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause)
                                   subtype:  #glove_anesthesia__gloveanesthesia  a mental disorder involving loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist; "since no combination of nerves serve this area a glove anesthesia is clearly psychogenic in origin"
                                subtype:  #delirium  a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
                                subtype:  #delusional_disorder  any mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role
                                subtype:  #encopresis  involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
                                subtype:  #folie_a_deux__folieadeux  the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife)
                                subtype:  #personality_disorder__personalitydisorder  inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior
                                   subtype:  #maladjustment  the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability
                                   subtype:  #antisocial_personality_disorder__sociopathic_personality__psychopathic_personality  a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder; `antisocial personality disorder' is currently the preferred term)
                                   subtype:  #schizotypal_personality  characterized by symptoms similar to but less severe than schizophrenia
                                subtype:  #major_affective_disorder__majoraffectivedisorder__affective_disorder__affectivedisorder__emotional_disorder__emotionaldisorder__emotional_disturbance__emotionaldisturbance  any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant
                                   subtype:  #depressive_disorder__clinical_depression__depression  a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
                                      subtype:  #agitated_depression  a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability and restlessness
                                      subtype:  #anaclitic_depression__anacliticdepression  severe and progressive depression in infants who lose their mother and do not get a suitable substitute
                                      subtype:  #dysthymia__dysthymic_depression__dysthymicdepression  mild chronic depression; "I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
                                      subtype:  #endogenous_depression  a state of depression for which there is no apparent precipitating cause
                                      subtype:  #exogenous_depression__exogenousdepression__reactive_depression  an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief)
                                      subtype:  #major_depressive_episode  (psychiatry) a state of depression with all the classic symptoms (anhedonia and lethargy and sleep disturbance and despondency and morbid thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and sometimes attempted suicide) but with no known organic dysfunction
                                         subtype:  #involutional_depression  a major depressive episode associated with the climacteric
                                         subtype:  #unipolar_depression  a major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase that occurs in the classic form of bipolar disorder
                                      subtype:  #neurotic_depression  a term used for any state of depression that is not psychotic
                                      subtype:  #psychotic_depression__psychoticdepression  a state of depression so severe that the person loses contact with reality and suffers a variety of functional impairments
                                      subtype:  #retarded_depression  a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action
                                   subtype:  #manic_disorder__manicdisorder__mania  a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
                                      subtype:  #craze__delirium__frenzy__fury__hysteria  state of violent mental agitation
                                         subtype:  #nympholepsy  a frenzy of emotion; as for something unattainable
                                   subtype:  #bipolar_disorder__bipolardisorder__manicdepression__manicdepressiveillnes__manic-depressive_psychosis  a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
                                      subtype:  #cyclothymia__cyclothymic_disorder__cyclothymicdisorder__cyclic_disorder  a mild bipolar disorder that persists over a long time
                                subtype:  #schizothymia  resembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality
                                subtype:  #neurosis__neuroticism__psychoneurosi  a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
                                   subtype:  #hysterical_neurosis__hysteria  neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
                                      subtype:  #anxiety_hysteria__anxietyhysteria  a form of hysteria having features of both conversion disorder and anxiety neurosis
                                      subtype:  #hysterocatalepsy  hysteria with cataleptic symptoms
                                   subtype:  #anxiety_neurosis  characterized by diffuse anxiety and often somatic manifestations of fear
                                subtype:  #dissociative_disorder  dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
                                   subtype:  #depersonalization_disorder__depersonalizationdisorder__depersonalization__depersonalisation__depersonalisation_disorder__depersonalisationdisorder__depersonalization_neurosis__depersonalisation_neurosis  emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness
                                   subtype:  #psychogenic_fugue__psychogenicfugue__fugue  dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
                                   subtype:  #split_personality__splitpersonality__multiple_personality  a relatively rare dissociative disorder in which the usual integrity of the personality breaks down and two or more independent personalities emerge
                             subtype:  #metabolic_disorder__metabolicdisorder  a disorder or defect of metabolism
                                subtype:  #alkaptonuria__alcaptonuria  a rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine
                                subtype:  #inborn_error_of_metabolism  any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
                                subtype:  #lipidosis__lipidosi  a disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body
                                   subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                                   subtype:  #Gaucher's_disease  a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism probably of genetic origin
                                   subtype:  #Niemann-Pick_disease  a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
                                   subtype:  #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy  a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
                                subtype:  #lysine_intolerance  a disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine
                                subtype:  #hyperlipoproteinemia  any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
                                   subtype:  #hyperbetalipoproteinemia  a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
                                subtype:  #hypolipoproteinemia  any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
                                   subtype:  #hypobetalipoproteinemia  a hereditary disorder characterized by low levels of beta-lipoproteins and lipids and cholesterol
                                      subtype:  #abetalipoproteinemia  a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
                             subtype:  #nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease  a disorder of the nervous system
                                subtype:  #brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease  any disorder or disease of the brain
                                   subtype:  #epilepsy  a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
                                      subtype:  #akinetic_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized by akinesia
                                      subtype:  #cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
                                         subtype:  #Jacksonian_epilepsy  focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
                                         subtype:  #sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy  focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
                                      subtype:  #grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
                                      subtype:  #myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease  epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
                                      subtype:  #petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence  epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
                                         subtype:  #complex_absence  petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
                                         subtype:  #pure_absence__simple_absence  petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
                                         subtype:  #subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence  transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
                                      subtype:  #posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy  a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
                                      subtype:  #procursive_epilepsy  epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
                                      subtype:  #psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
                                      subtype:  #reflex_epilepsy  a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
                                         subtype:  #musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by music
                                         subtype:  #photogenic_epilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
                                      subtype:  #status_epilepticus  a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
                                      subtype:  #tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy  epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
                                   subtype:  #apraxia  inability to make purposeful movements
                                   subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
                                   subtype:  #cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi  a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
                                   subtype:  #agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia  a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
                                   subtype:  #acataphasia  a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
                                   subtype:  #aphasia  inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
                                      subtype:  #auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness  an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
                                      subtype:  #conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia  aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
                                      subtype:  #global_aphasia__total_aphasia  loss of all ability to communicate
                                      subtype:  #motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia  aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
                                      subtype:  #nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia  inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
                                      subtype:  #transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia  a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
                                      subtype:  #visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness  inability to perceive written words
                                      subtype:  #Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia  aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
                                   subtype:  #agnosia  inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
                                   subtype:  #Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease  rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
                                   subtype:  #Wernicke's_encephalopathy  inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
                                subtype:  #motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia  inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
                                   subtype:  #Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia  sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
                                   subtype:  #hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia  nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
                                subtype:  #atopognosia__atopognosi  absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
                                subtype:  #dyskinesia  abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
                                   subtype:  #tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia  involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
                                subtype:  #chorea  any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
                                subtype:  #flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi  weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
                                subtype:  #athetosis__athetosi  a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
                                subtype:  #kuru  a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
                                subtype:  #nerve_compression__nervecompression  harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
                                   subtype:  #nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment  repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
                                      subtype:  #carpal_tunnel_syndrome  a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand
                             subtype:  #hydrocele  disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
                             subtype:  #sleep_disorder__sleepdisorder  a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
                                subtype:  #hypersomnia  an inability to stay awake
                                   subtype:  #catalepsy  a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli
                                   subtype:  #narcolepsy  a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep; "he believes that narcolepsy is attributable to an inability to suppress REM sleep during waking"
                                subtype:  #insomnia  an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
                                subtype:  #sleep_terror_disorder__pavor_nocturnus__pavornocturnu  a disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep
                                subtype:  #sleep_apnea__sleepapnea  apnea that occurs during sleep
                                   subtype:  #sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath  sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
                             subtype:  #hematocolpometra__haematocolpometra  accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
                             subtype:  #hematocolpos__haematocolpos__haematocolpo  accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
                             subtype:  #speech_disorder__speech_defect  a disorder of oral speech
                                subtype:  #anarthria  partial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system
                                subtype:  #aphonia__voicelessnes  a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
                                subtype:  #cataphasia  a speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession
                                subtype:  #dysarthria  impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature
                                subtype:  #dyslogia  impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeble-mindedness or certain psychoses)
                                subtype:  #dysphonia  speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
                                subtype:  #lallation  speech defect in which the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l'
                                subtype:  #lambdacism  speech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l'
                                subtype:  #lisp  a speech defect that involves pronouncing s like voiceless th and z like voiced th
                                subtype:  #stammer__stutter  a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds
                             subtype:  #tropical_sprue__sprue  a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and nontropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
                          subtype:  #roots__root  the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage; "his roots in Texas go back a long way"; "he went back to Sweden to search for his roots"; "his music has African roots"
                          subtype:  #hyalinization__hyalinisation  the state of being hyaline or having become hyaline: "the patient's arterioles showed marked hyalinization"
                          subtype:  #vacuolization__vacuolation  the state of having become filled with vacuoles
                          subtype:  #protuberance  the condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out; "the protuberance of his belly"
                          subtype:  #curvature.state  (medical) a curving or bending; often abnormal; "curvature of the spine"
                          subtype:  #psychological_state__psychologicalstate__mental_state  a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; "a manic state"
                             subtype:  #state_of_mind__frame_of_mind  a temporary psychological state
                                subtype:  #case.state_of_mind  a specific state of mind that is temporary; "a case of the jitters"
                                subtype:  #thinking_cap  a state in which one thinks
                             subtype:  #abulia__aboulia  a loss of will power
                             subtype:  #anhedonia  an inability to experience pleasure
                             subtype:  #depersonalization__depersonalisation  (existentialism) a loss of personal identity; a feeling of being an anonymous cog in a stupid social machine
                             subtype:  #hypnosis  a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion
                                subtype:  #self-hypnosis__self-suggestion__autosuggestion  hypnosis induced by yourself
                             subtype:  #fugue.psychological_state  a dreamlike state of altered consciousness that may last for hours or days
                             subtype:  #trauma  an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects
                             subtype:  #morale  a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose
                             subtype:  #anxiousness__anxiety  a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders
                                subtype:  #castration_anxiety  (psychoanalysis) anxiety resulting from real or imagined threats to your sexual functions; originally applied only to men but can in principal apply to women
                                subtype:  #hypochondria__hypochondriasis__hypochondriasi  chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments
                                subtype:  #overanxiety  excessive anxiety
                                subtype:  #scare__panic  sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events; "panic in the stock market"; "a war scare"
                                   subtype:  #red_scare__redscare  a period of general fear of communists
                             subtype:  #hallucinosis  a mental state in which the person has continual hallucinations
                             subtype:  #identity_crisis  distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society
                             subtype:  #jitters__jitter__nervousness__nervousnes__nerve__screaming_meemies__screamingmeemie  an uneasy state; "he suffered an attack of nerves"
                                subtype:  #nervous_strain__nervousstrain__strain__mental_strain  nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
                                   subtype:  #tenseness__tensenes__stress  a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor"
                                      subtype:  #breaking_point.tenseness__breakingpoint  stress at which a person breaks down or a situation becomes crucial
                             subtype:  #psychotic_belief__psychoticbelief__delusion  an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary
                                subtype:  #delusions_of_grandeur  a delusion (common in paranoia) that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are
                                subtype:  #delusions_of_persecution  a delusion (common in paranoia) that others are out to get you and frustrate and embarrass you or inflict suffering on you; a complicated conspiracy is frequently imagined
                                subtype:  #hallucination  illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder
                                   subtype:  #auditory_hallucination__acousma  illusory auditory perception of strange nonverbal sounds
                                   subtype:  #pseudohallucination  an image vivid enough to be a hallucination but recognized as unreal
                                   subtype:  #trip.hallucination  a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs; "an acid trip"
                                   subtype:  #visual_hallucination  illusory visual perception
                                      subtype:  #chromatism.visual_hallucination  hallucinatory perception of colored lights
                                      subtype:  #pink_elephants  any visual hallucination arising from heavy drinking
                                      subtype:  #zoopsia  visual hallucination of animals; sometimes occurring in delirium tremens
                                subtype:  #nihilistic_delusion__nihilism  the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
                                subtype:  #somatic_delusion__somaticdelusion  an delusion concerning the body image or parts of the body
                                subtype:  #zoanthropy  the delusion that you have assumed the form of an animal
                             subtype:  #mental_health  the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
                                subtype:  #mental_soundness__mental_balance  the healthy psychological state of someone with good judgment
                                subtype:  #sanity__saneness  normal or sound powers of mind
                                   subtype:  #lucidity  a lucid state of mind; not confused
                                   subtype:  #rationality__reasonableness  the state of having good sense and sound judgment; "his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions"
                             subtype:  #mental_illness__mental_disease__psychopathy  any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
                                subtype:  #megalomania  a psychological state characterized by delusions of grandeur
                                subtype:  #insanity  relatively permanent disorder of the mind
                                   subtype:  #lunacy__madness__insaneness  obsolete terms for legal insanity
                                   subtype:  #dementia__dementedness  mental deterioration of organic or functional origin
                                      subtype:  #alcoholic_dementia__alcoholicdementia__alcohol_amnestic_disorder__Korsakoff's_psychosis__Korsakoff's_syndrome__Korsakov's_psychosis__Korsakov's_syndrome__polyneuritic_psychosis  dementia observed during the last stages of severe chronic alcoholism; involves loss of memory for recent events although long term memory is intact
                                      subtype:  #presenile_dementia__preseniledementia  dementia with onset before the age of 65
                                         subtype:  #Alzheimer's_disease__Alzheimer's__Alzheimers  a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness
                                         subtype:  #Pick's_disease  a progressive form of presenile dementia found most often in middle-aged and elderly women and characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes with loss of intellectual ability and transitory aphasia
                                      subtype:  #senile_dementia__senile_psychosis  dementia of the aged; results from degeneration of the brain in the absence of cerebrovascular disease
                                   subtype:  #irrationality__unreason  the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding
                                   subtype:  #mental_unsoundness__derangement__unbalance  a state of mental disturbance and disorientation
                                   subtype:  #daftness__craziness__crazines__flakines  informal terms for insanity
                                subtype:  #psychosis__psychosi  any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted
                                   subtype:  #delirium_tremens__DTs__blue_devils  acute delirium caused by alcohol poisoning
                                   subtype:  #paranoia  a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur
                                   subtype:  #schizophrenia__schizophrenic_disorder__schizophrenicdisorder__schizophrenic_psychosis__dementia_praecox  any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact
                                      subtype:  #borderline_schizophrenia__latent_schizophrenia  schizophrenia characterized by mild symptoms or by some preexisting tendency to schizophrenia
                                      subtype:  #catatonic_schizophrenia__catatonicschizophrenia__catatonic_type_schizophrenia__catatonia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement
                                      subtype:  #hebephrenia__hebephrenic_schizophrenia__hebephrenicschizophrenia__disorganized_schizophrenia__disorganized_type_schizophrenia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions
                                      subtype:  #paranoid_schizophrenia__paranoic_type_schizophrenia__paraphrenic_schizophrenia__paraphrenicschizophrenia__paraphrenia  a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner
                                      subtype:  #acute_schizophrenic_episode__acuteschizophrenicepisode__reactive_schizophrenia  schizophrenia of abrupt onset and relatively short duration (a few weeks or months)
                             subtype:  #agitation.psychological_state  a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance
                                subtype:  #disturbance.agitation__perturbation__upset  an unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didn't realize the upset she caused me"
                                subtype:  #swither__fret__stew__sweat__lather  agitation resulting from active worry; "don't get in a stew"; "he's in a sweat about exams"
                                subtype:  #dither__pother__fuss__tizzy__flap  an excited state of agitation; "he was in a dither"; "there was a terrible flap about the theft"
                                subtype:  #tailspin  loss of emotional control often resulting in emotional collapse
                             subtype:  #depression.psychological_state  a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
                                subtype:  #melancholia  extreme depression characterized by tearful sadness and irrational fears
                                subtype:  #megrims__megrim__blues__blue  an informal term for a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues"
                                subtype:  #blue_funk__funk  a state of nervous depression; "he was in a funk"
                                subtype:  #melancholy.depression  a constitutional tendency to be gloomy and depressed
                                subtype:  #slough_of_despond  (formal) extreme depression
                                subtype:  #low_spirits__lowspirit  a state of mild depression
                                   subtype:  #dumps__dump__mopes__mope  (informal) "in the dumps"; "have the mopes"
                                subtype:  #dejection  a state of melancholy depression
                             subtype:  #elation  an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression
                                subtype:  #bliss__blis__blissfulnes__cloud_nine__cloudnine__seventh_heaven__seventhheaven__walking_on_air  a state of extreme happiness
                                   subtype:  #ecstasy  a state of elated bliss
                                subtype:  #high_induced_by_drug_or_alcohol__high  a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on"
                                subtype:  #high.elation  a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days"
                             subtype:  #vexation__irritation__annoyance  the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
                                subtype:  #botheration  the state of being bothered
                                subtype:  #huff__miff__seeing_red  a state of irritation or annoyance
                                subtype:  #pinprick.vexation  a minor annoyance
                                subtype:  #restlessness.vexation__impatience  a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay
                                subtype:  #snit  a state of agitated irritation; "he was in a snit"
                             subtype:  #enchantment__trance  a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
                                subtype:  #possession.enchantment  being controlled by passion or the supernatural
                                subtype:  #fascination  the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror)
                             subtype:  #disassociation__dissociation  a state in which some integrated part of a person's life becomes separated from the rest of the personality and functions independently
                                subtype:  #compartmentalization__compartmentalisation  a mild state of dissociation
                                subtype:  #dissociative_disorder  dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
                          subtype:  #difficulty.state  a situation or condition almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome: "grappling with financial difficulties"
                             subtype:  #bitch.difficulty  (slang) an unpleasant difficulty; "this problem is a real bitch"
                             subtype:  #predicament__quandary__plight  a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one: "finds himself in a most awkward predicament"; "the woeful plight of homeless people"
                                subtype:  #care  a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
                                subtype:  #corner.predicament__box  a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible; "his lying got him into a tight corner"
                                subtype:  #hot_water  a dangerous or distressing predicament; "his views on race got him into political hot water"
                             subtype:  #rattrap.difficulty  a difficult entangling situation
                             subtype:  #pinch.difficulty  a painful or straitened circumstance: "the pinch of the recession"
                             subtype:  #muddle__fix__hole__jam__mess__pickle__kettle_of_fish  informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage"
                             subtype:  #hard_time  a difficulty that can be overcome with effort; "we had a hard time getting here"
                             subtype:  #stress.difficulty__strain  difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension: "she endured the stresses and strains of life"; "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
                             subtype:  #problem.difficulty__job  a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog"
                                subtype:  #race_problem  a social and political problem caused by conflict between races occupying the same or adjacent regions
                                subtype:  #balance-of-payments_problem  an economic problem caused by payments for imports being greater than receipts for exports
                             subtype:  #urinary_hesitancy__urinaryhesitancy  difficulty in beginning the flow of urine; associated with prostate enlargement in men and with narrowing of the urethral opening in women; may be caused by emotional stress in either men or women
                             subtype:  #wall.difficulty  a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
                          subtype:  #improvement.state  a condition superior to an earlier condition: "the new school represents a great improvement"
                             subtype:  #betterment  an improvement that adds to the value of a property or facility
                             subtype:  #development.improvement  a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen"
                                subtype:  #underdevelopment.development  state of inadequate development: "much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry"
                             subtype:  #renovation__restoration  the state of being restored to its former good condition; "the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house"
                          subtype:  #decline  a condition inferior to an earlier condition
                             subtype:  #disuse__neglect  the state of something that has been unused and neglected; "the house was in a terrible state of neglect"
                                subtype:  #omission.disuse  something that has been omitted; "she searched the table for omissions"
                             subtype:  #twilight.decline  a condition of decline following successes; "in the twilight of the empire"
                             subtype:  #wreck  something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; "the house was a wreck when they bought it"; "thanks to that quack I am a human wreck"
                          subtype:  #ennoblement.state  the state of being noble
                          subtype:  #ascendance__dominance__ascendence__ascendancy__ascendency__control  the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
                             subtype:  #ascendant__ascendent  position or state of being dominant or in control: "that idea was in the ascendant"
                             subtype:  #supremacy__domination__mastery  power to dominate or defeat; "mastery of the seas"
                                subtype:  #transcendency__transcendence__superiority  the state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond usual limits
                             subtype:  #predominance__predomination  the state of being predominant over others
                             subtype:  #dominion__rule  dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"; "the rule of Caesar"
                                subtype:  #paramountcy  the state of being paramount; the highest rank or authority
                                subtype:  #raj  British dominion over India (1757-1947)
                                subtype:  #reign.dominion__sovereignty  royal authority; the dominion of a monarch
                                   subtype:  #scepter__sceptre  the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter
                                subtype:  #suzerainty.dominion  the position or authority of a suzerain: "under the suzerainty of..."
                             subtype:  #tyranny__absolutism__despotism  dominance through threat of punishment and violence
                             subtype:  #monopoly.ascendance  exclusive control or possession of something; "They have no monopoly on intelligence"
                          subtype:  #comfort.state__comfortableness__comfortablenes  a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; "he is a man who enjoys his comfort"; "she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair"
                             subtype:  #relief.comfort__ease  the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease"
                                subtype:  #respite__reprieve  a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort
                             subtype:  #solace__solacement  comfort in disappointment or misery
                             subtype:  #coziness__cosiness__snugness  a state of warm snug comfort
                             subtype:  #convenience  the state of being suitable or opportune; "chairs arranged for his own convenience"
                          subtype:  #discomfort__uncomfortableness__uncomfortablenes  the state of being tense and feeling pain
                             subtype:  #incommodiousness__inconvenience  an inconvenient discomfort
                             subtype:  #malaise__unease__uneasiness  physical discomfort (as mild sickness or depression)
                             subtype:  #hangover__katzenjammer  disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol)
                          subtype:  #need__demand  a condition requiring relief; "she satisfied his need for affection"; "God has no need of men to accomplish His work"; "there is a demand for jobs"
                             subtype:  #lack__deficiency__want  the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost"
                                subtype:  #absence.lack  the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
                                   subtype:  #nonoccurrence  absence by virtue of not occurring
                                   subtype:  #awayness  the state of being elsewhere than in particular place
                                subtype:  #dearth__famine__shortage  a severe shortage (especially a shortage of food)
                                subtype:  #mineral_deficiency__mineraldeficiency  lack of a mineral micronutrient that is essential for normal nutrition or metabolism
                                   subtype:  #sideropenia  a deficiency of iron; results from inadequate iron in the diet or from hemorrhage
                                subtype:  #stringency__tightness__tightnes  a state occasioned by scarcity of money and a shortage of credit
                             subtype:  #necessity  the condition of being essential or indispensable
                                subtype:  #requisiteness__requisitenes  the state of being absolutely required
                                subtype:  #urgency  the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
                                   subtype:  #hurry__haste  a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry; "in a hurry to lock the door"
                                   subtype:  #imperativeness__insistence__insistency__press__pres  the state of urgently demanding notice or attention; "the press of business matters"
                                   subtype:  #criticalness__criticality__cruciality  a state of critical urgency
                          subtype:  #fullness  the condition of being filled to capacity
                             subtype:  #satiety__repletion__satiation  the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more
                             subtype:  #excess__surfeit  the state of being more than full
                             subtype:  #solidity  state of having the interior filled with matter
                             subtype:  #infestation  the state of being overrun in unpleasantly large numbers (as by parasites)
                                subtype:  #fascioliasis__fasciolosis__fasciolosi  infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot
                                subtype:  #fasciolopsiasis__fasciolopsiasi  infestation with the large intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski; common in eastern Asia
                                subtype:  #enterobiasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
                                subtype:  #schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis  an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
                                subtype:  #trichinosis__trichinosi__trichiniasis__myositis_trichinosa  infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted
                                subtype:  #acariasis__acariasi__acariosis__acariosi__acaridiasis__acaridiasi  infestation with itch mites
                                subtype:  #ascariasis  infestation of the human intestine with Ascaris roundworms
                                subtype:  #coccidiosis__coccidiosi  (veterinary medicine) infestation with coccidia
                                subtype:  #echinococcosis__hydatid_disease__hydatidosis  infestation with larval echinococci (tapeworms)
                                subtype:  #helminthiasis__helminthiasi  infestation of the body with parasitic worms
                                   subtype:  #hookworm_disease__hookworm  infestation of the intestines by hookworms which enter the body (usually) through the skin
                                subtype:  #myiasis  infestation of the body by the larvae of flies (usually through a wound or other opening) or any disease resulting from such infestation
                                subtype:  #onchocerciasis__river_blindness  infestation with slender threadlike roundworms (filaria) deposited under the skin by the bite of black fleas; when the eyes are involved it can result in blindness; common in Africa and tropical America
                                subtype:  #opisthorchiasis  infestation with flukes obtained from eating raw fish; common in eastern Asia
                                subtype:  #pediculosis__pediculosi__lousiness__lousines  infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_capitis__pediculosiscapiti__head_lice  infestation of the scalp with lice
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_corporis  infestation of body skin with lice
                                   subtype:  #pediculosis_pubis__pediculosispubi__crabs__crab  infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice
                                subtype:  #trombiculiasis  infestation with chiggers
                                subtype:  #trichuriasis  infestation by a roundworm; common in tropical areas with poor sanitation
                          subtype:  #emptiness__emptines  the state of containing nothing
                             subtype:  #blankness__blanknes  the state of being blank; void; emptiness
                             subtype:  #hollowness  the state of being hollow: having an empty space within
                             subtype:  #vacancy  being unoccupied
                             subtype:  #vacuousness__vacuousnes  total absence of matter
                             subtype:  #vacuum__vacuity  the absence of matter
                          subtype:  #nakedness__nakednes__nudeness  the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind
                             subtype:  #nude  as in the phrase "They swam in the nude"
                             subtype:  #raw__altogether__birthday_suit  informal terms for nakedness; "in the raw"; "in the altogether"; "in his birthday suit"
                             subtype:  #undress__undres  partial or complete nakedness; "a state of undress"
                             subtype:  #bareness  the state of being unclothed and exposed (especially of a part of the body)
                          subtype:  #baldness__hairlessness__phalacrosis__phalacrosi  the condition of having no hair (especially on the top of the head)
                             subtype:  #alopecia  loss of hair (especially on the head) or wool or feathers; in humans it can result from heredity or hormonal imbalance or certain diseases or drugs and treatments (chemotherapy for cancer)
                                subtype:  #alopecia_areata  patchy baldness
                             subtype:  #male-patterned_baldness  loss of hair on the crown of the head
                          subtype:  #dishabille__deshabille  the state of being carelessly or partially dressed
                             subtype:  #shirtsleeves  not wearing a jacket; "in your shirtsleeves" means you are not wearing anything over your shirt; "in hot weather they dined in their shirtsleeves"
                          subtype:  #hopefulness.state  full of hope
                             subtype:  #confidence.hopefulness  a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable; "public confidence in the economy"
                             subtype:  #anticipation.hopefulness__expectation  wishing with confidence of fulfillment
                          subtype:  #despair.state__desperation  a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; "they were rescued from despair at the last minute"
                          subtype:  #pureness__purity  being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material
                             subtype:  #plainness.pureness__plainnes  the state of being unmixed with other material; "the plainness of vanilla ice cream"
                          subtype:  #impureness__impurity  the condition of being impure
                             subtype:  #adulteration__debasement  being mixed with extraneous material
                             subtype:  #admixture__alloy  the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something
                             subtype:  #taint__contamination  the state of being contaminated
                                subtype:  #dust_contamination.taint__dustcontamination  state of being contaminated with dust
                             subtype:  #dirtiness__dirtines  the state of containing dirty impurities
                             subtype:  #putridity  the state of being putrid
                             subtype:  #pollution  undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
                                subtype:  #biodegradable_pollution__biodegradablepollution  pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
                                subtype:  #nonbiodegradable_pollution  pollution that accumulates in the environment and may appear in the food chain
                                subtype:  #air_pollution__airpollution  pollution of the air; "air pollution reduced the visibility"
                                   subtype:  #acid_rain__acid_precipitation  rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
                                   subtype:  #industrial_pollution  pollution resulting from an industrial plant discharging pollutants into the air
                                   subtype:  #miasma  unhealthy vapors rising from the ground or other sources; "the miasma of the marshes"; "a miasma of cigar smoke"
                                   subtype:  #smog__smogginess  air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog
                                subtype:  #noise_pollution__noisepollution__sound_pollution__soundpollution  annoying and potentially harmful environmental noise
                                subtype:  #thermal_pollution__thermalpollution  harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive waste heat into them
                                subtype:  #water_pollution__waterpollution  pollution of the water in rivers and lakes
                          subtype:  #financial_condition__financialcondition__economic_condition  the condition of finances
                             subtype:  #easy_money  the economic condition in which credit is easy to secure
                             subtype:  #tight_money__tightmoney  the economic condition in which credit is difficult to secure
                             subtype:  #solvency  the ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due
                             subtype:  #insolvency  lacking financial resources
                                subtype:  #bankruptcy.insolvency  inability to discharge all your debts as they come due
                             subtype:  #credit_crunch__liquidity_crisis  a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers
                             subtype:  #slump__depression__economic_crisis  a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
                                subtype:  #Great_Depression  the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
                             subtype:  #full_employment  the economic condition when everyone who wishes to work at the going wage-rate for their type of labor is employed
                             subtype:  #prosperity  an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
                                subtype:  #boom.prosperity  a state of economic prosperity
                             subtype:  #wealthiness__wealthines  the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money: "great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence"
                                subtype:  #circumstances.wealthiness__circumstance  the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; "each person was helped according to his circumstances"
                                subtype:  #affluence__richness  abundant wealth
                                   subtype:  #ease.affluence__comfort  a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state: "a life of luxury and ease"; "he had all the material comforts of this world"
                                      subtype:  #lap_of_luxury__lapofluxury  in conditions of wealth and comfort; "he was raised in the lap of luxury"
                                subtype:  #luxuriousness__luxuriousnes__opulence__sumptuousness__sumptuousnes  wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living
                                subtype:  #mammon  wealth regarded as an evil influence
                                subtype:  #silver_spoon  inherited wealth; "he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth"
                                subtype:  #sufficiency  sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations; "her father questioned the young suitor's sufficiency"
                             subtype:  #poverty__poorness__impoverishment  the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions
                                subtype:  #deprivation__privation__want  a state of extreme poverty
                                subtype:  #destitution  a state without friends or money or prospects
                                subtype:  #indigence__need__penury__beggary__pauperism  a state of extreme poverty or destitution; "their indigence appalled him"; "a general state of need exists among the homeless"
                                subtype:  #impecuniousness__pennilessness__pennilessnes__penuriousnes  a state of lacking money
                             subtype:  #shakeout  a financial condition that results in the elimination of marginally financed participants in an industry; "they glutted the market in order to cause a shakeout of their competitors"
                             subtype:  #wage_setter  any financial condition or variable that serves to set wage rates
                          subtype:  #sanitary_condition  the state of sanitation (clean or dirty)
                             subtype:  #sanitariness  the state of being conducive to health
                                subtype:  #hygiene  a condition promoting sanitary practices; "personal hygiene"
                                subtype:  #asepsis__asepsi__antisepsis__sterility__sterileness__sterilenes  (of non-living objects) the state of being free of pathogenic organisms
                                subtype:  #sanitation  the state of being clean and conducive to health
                             subtype:  #unsanitariness  a state that is not conducive to health
                                subtype:  #filthiness__filth__foulness__nastiness__nastines  a state characterized by foul or disgusting dirt and refuse
                                subtype:  #dunghill  a foul or degraded condition
                             subtype:  #cleanness.sanitary_condition__cleannes  the state of being clean; without dirt or other impurities
                                subtype:  #spotlessness__immaculateness  the state of being spotlessly clean
                             subtype:  #uncleanness__uncleannes__dirtines  the state of being unsanitary
                                subtype:  #filth__dirt__grime__soil__stain__grease__grunge  the state of being covered with unclean things
                                subtype:  #befoulment__defilement__pollution  the state of being polluted
                                subtype:  #griminess__grimines__grubbines  the state of being grimy
                                subtype:  #sordidness__squalor__squalidness__squalidnes  sordid dirtiness
                                subtype:  #dinginess__dingines  discoloration due to dirtiness
                                subtype:  #sootiness__sootines__smuttines  the state of being dirty with soot
                          subtype:  #tilth  the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth
                          subtype:  #orderliness__order  a condition of regular or proper arrangement: "he put his desk in order"; "the machine is now in working order"
                             subtype:  #spit_and_polish  careful attention to order and appearance (as in the military)
                             subtype:  #kilter__kelter  in working order; "out of kilter"; "in good kilter"
                             subtype:  #tidiness  the habit of being tidy
                                subtype:  #spruceness__neatness  the state of being neat and smart and trim
                                   subtype:  #trimness__trim  a state of arrangement or appearance: "in good trim"
                          subtype:  #disorderliness__disorder  a condition in which things are not in their expected places: "the files are in complete disorder"
                             subtype:  #shambles  a condition of great disorder
                             subtype:  #untidiness  the condition of being untidy
                                subtype:  #sloppiness__slovenliness__unkemptness__unkemptnes  untidiness in personal appearance
                                   subtype:  #shagginess.sloppiness  unkemptness of hair
                             subtype:  #muss__mess__messiness__messines__mussines  a state of confusion and disorderliness; "the house was a mess"; "she smoothed the mussiness of the bed"
                             subtype:  #disorganization__disarrangement  a condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted
                             subtype:  #jumble__clutter__muddle__mare's_nest__welter__smother  a confused multitude of things
                                subtype:  #rummage  a jumble of things to be given away
                          subtype:  #normality.state__normalcy  being within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning
                             subtype:  #averageness  the state of being that is average; indicates normality but with connotations of mediocrity
                             subtype:  #commonness__expectedness  the state of being that is commonly observed
                             subtype:  #typicality  the state of being that is typical
                          subtype:  #abnormalcy__abnormality__abnormal_condition  an abnormal condition
                             subtype:  #acardia  congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
                             subtype:  #acephalia__acephaly__acephalism  absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
                             subtype:  #acorea  absence of the pupil in an eye
                             subtype:  #acromicria__acromikria  abnormally small extremities (underdeveloped fingers and toes)
                             subtype:  #acromphalus__acromphalu  abnormal protrusion of the navel; sometimes the start of umbilical hernia
                             subtype:  #amastia  absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
                             subtype:  #aneuploidy  an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)
                             subtype:  #anorchism__anorchidism__anorchia  absence of one of both testes
                             subtype:  #asynclitism__obliquity  the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle
                             subtype:  #atresia  an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent
                             subtype:  #brachytactyly__brachydactylia  abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
                             subtype:  #cryptorchidy__cryptorchidism__cryptorchism  failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
                                subtype:  #monorchism__monorchidism  failure of one testes to descend into the scrotum
                             subtype:  #deviated_septum__deviatedseptum  abnormal displacement of any wall that separates two chambers (usually in the nasal cavity)
                                subtype:  #deviated_nasal_septum  abnormal shift in location of the nasal septum; a common condition causing obstruction of the nasal passages and difficulty in breathing and recurrent nosebleeds
                             subtype:  #dextrocardia  abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest
                             subtype:  #ectrodactyly  congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
                             subtype:  #erethism  an abnormally high degree of irritability or sensitivity or excitability
                             subtype:  #fetal_distress__foetal_distress  an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
                             subtype:  #hepatomegaly__megalohepatia  abnormal enlargement of the liver
                             subtype:  #inversion.abnormalcy  abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
                             subtype:  #pneumothorax  abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)
                             subtype:  #macrencephaly  an abnormally large braincase
                             subtype:  #hydatid_mole__hydatidmole__hydatidiform_mole__molar_pregnancy__molarpregnancy  an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around an aborting embryo degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs
                             subtype:  #hydramnios  an abnormality of pregnancy; accumulation of excess amniotic fluid
                             subtype:  #hypervitaminosis  an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K
                             subtype:  #hypospadias__hypospadia  an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis
                             subtype:  #lagophthalmos__lagophthalmo  abnormal condition in which an eye cannot close completely
                             subtype:  #mental_abnormality  any abnormality of mental function
                                subtype:  #organic_brain_syndrome__organicbrainsyndrome  mental abnormality resulting from disturbance of the structure or function of the brain
                             subtype:  #nanophthalmos__nanophthalmo  condition in which both eyes are abnormally small but otherwise normal
                             subtype:  #palmature  an abnormality in which the fingers are webbed
                             subtype:  #dysplasia  abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
                                subtype:  #aplasia  failure of some tissue or organ to develop
                                subtype:  #fibrous_dysplasia_of_bone  a disturbance in which bone that is undergoing lysis is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting in bone lesions or skin lesions
                                   subtype:  #Albright's_disease__polyostotic_fibrous_dysplasia__polyostoticfibrousdysplasia  fibrous dysplasia of bone affecting multiple bones
                                   subtype:  #monostotic_fibrous_dysplasia  fibrous dysplasia of bone confined to a single bone
                                subtype:  #hypertrophy  abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
                                   subtype:  #adenomegaly  gland enlargement
                                   subtype:  #cor_pulmonale__corpulmonale  enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart due to disease of the lungs or of the pulmonary blood vessels
                                   subtype:  #dactylomegaly  abnormally large fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #elephantiasis__elephantiasi  hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis
                                      subtype:  #elephantiasis_neuromatosa__elephantiasisneuromatosa  hypertrophy of a limb
                                      subtype:  #elephantiasis_scroti__elephantiasisscroti__chyloderma  swelling of the scrotum resulting from chronic lymphatic obstruction
                                      subtype:  #nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma  thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
                                   subtype:  #splenomegaly  an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
                                   subtype:  #giantism__gigantism__overgrowth  excessive size; usually caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
                                   subtype:  #acromegaly__acromegalia  enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face; often accompanied by headache and muscle pain and emotional disturbances; caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland (due to a tumor)
                                subtype:  #hyperplasia  abnormal increase in number of cells
                                   subtype:  #benign_prostatic_hyperplasia__BPH  enlarged prostate; appears to be part of the natural aging process
                                subtype:  #hypoplasia  underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells
                                subtype:  #anaplasia  loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
                             subtype:  #hydrocephalus__hydrocephalu__hydrocephaly  an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
                             subtype:  #abrachia  the condition of having no arms
                             subtype:  #progeria  a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (gray hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child
                             subtype:  #atypicality__untypicality  any state that is not typical
                             subtype:  #arrested_development__fixation__infantile_fixation__infantilefixation__regression  an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely
                             subtype:  #aberrance__aberrancy__aberration__deviance  an aberrant state or condition
                                subtype:  #chromosomal_aberration__chromosomalaberration__chromosomal_anomaly__chromosomalanomaly__chrosomal_abnormality__chrosomalabnormality__chromosonal_disorder__chromosonaldisorder  any change in the normal structure or number of chromosomes; often results in physical or mental abnormalities
                                   subtype:  #monosomy  chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
                                   subtype:  #trisomy  chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
                                      subtype:  #mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21  a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #sex-linked_disorder  any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones; "hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome"
                                      subtype:  #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease  congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
                                      subtype:  #Turner's_syndrome  a chromosomal disorder in females who have only one X chromosome; marked by dwarfism and heart abnormalities and underdeveloped sex organs
                                subtype:  #deflection__warp  a twist or aberration; especially a perverse or abnormal way of judging or acting
                             subtype:  #cyclopia  a developmental abnormality in which there is only one eye
                             subtype:  #spinal_curvature  an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #kyphosis__humpback__hunchback  an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #lordosis__hollow-back  an abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column
                                subtype:  #scoliosis__scoliosi  an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
                             subtype:  #subnormality  the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
                             subtype:  #anomalousness__anomalousnes  deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
                                subtype:  #birth_defect__birthdefect__congenital_anomaly__congenital_defect__congenital_disorder__congenital_abnormality  a defect that is present at birth
                                   subtype:  #ablepharia  a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
                                   subtype:  #albinism  the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
                                   subtype:  #anencephaly__anencephalia  a defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres
                                   subtype:  #ametria  congenital absence of the uterus
                                   subtype:  #color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency  genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
                                   subtype:  #epispadias  a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis
                                   subtype:  #clinocephaly__clinocephalism  a congenital defect in which the top of the head is depressed (concave instead of convex)
                                   subtype:  #clinodactyly  a congenital defect in which one or more toes or fingers are abnormally positioned
                                   subtype:  #macroglossia  a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome
                                   subtype:  #mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21  a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #oxycephaly__acrocephaly  a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
                                   subtype:  #cleft_lip__cleftlip__harelip__cheiloschisis__cheiloschisi  a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip
                                   subtype:  #cleft_palate__cleftpalate  a congenital fissure of the hard palate
                                   subtype:  #amelia  congenital absence of an arm or leg
                                   subtype:  #meromelia  congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
                                      subtype:  #adactylia__adactyly__adactylism  congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
                                      subtype:  #phocomelia__seal_limbs  an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps; rare condition that results from taking thalidomide during pregnancy
                                   subtype:  #encephalocele  protrusion of brain tissue through a congenital fissure in the skull
                                   subtype:  #familial_hypercholesterolemia  congenital disorder characterized by high levels of cholesterol and early development of atherosclerosis
                                   subtype:  #meningocele  a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)
                                   subtype:  #myelomeningocele  a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #plagiocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
                                   subtype:  #polysomy  congenital defect of having one or more extra chromosomes in somatic cells
                                   subtype:  #hermaphroditism  congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
                                   subtype:  #pseudohermaphroditism  congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex
                                   subtype:  #scaphocephaly  congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
                                   subtype:  #congenital_heart_defect  a birth defect involving the heart
                                      subtype:  #septal_defect  a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart
                                         subtype:  #atrial_septal_defect  an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the heart
                                         subtype:  #ventricular_septal_defect  a common congenital heart defect; an abnormal opening in the septum dividing the ventricles allows blood to pass directly from the left to the right ventricle; large openings may cause congestive heart failure
                                      subtype:  #tetralogy_of_Fallot__Fallot's_tetralogy__Fallot's_syndrome  a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
                                   subtype:  #spina_bifida__spinabifida__rachischisis__schistorrhachis__schistorrhachi  a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
                                   subtype:  #spinocerebellar_disorder__spinocerebellardisorder  any of several congenital disorders marked by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord resulting in spasticity and ataxia
                                   subtype:  #polydactyly__hyperdactyly  birth defect (in humans) characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #syndactyly__syndactylism  birth defect (in humans) in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes
                                   subtype:  #tongue_tie__ankyloglossia  a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue
                             subtype:  #gynecomastia  excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)
                             subtype:  #infantilism.abnormalcy  an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics
                                subtype:  #ateleiosis__ateliosis__ateliosi  a form of infantilism characterized by physical underdevelopment but normal intelligence
                             subtype:  #macrocephaly__megacephaly__megalocephaly  an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical
                             subtype:  #microbrachia  abnormally small arms
                             subtype:  #microcephaly__microcephalus__microcephalu__nanocephaly  an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
                             subtype:  #pachycheilia  an abnormal thickness of the lips
                             subtype:  #phimosis  an abnormal tightness of the foreskin preventing retraction over the glans
                             subtype:  #sequela  any abnormality following or resulting from a disease or injury or treatment; "paralysis is one of the sequelae of poliomyelitis"
                             subtype:  #strabismus__squint  abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
                                subtype:  #cross-eye__crosseye__crossed_eye__crossedeye__convergent_strabismus__esotropia  strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
                                subtype:  #walleye__divergent_strabismus__exotropia  strabismus in which one or both eyes are directed outward
                             subtype:  #torticollis__torticolli__wryneck  an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted
                             subtype:  #varix  abnormally enlarged or twisted blood vessel or lymphatic vessel
                                subtype:  #varicosity  varix or varicose condition in which a vein is swollen and tortuous
                          subtype:  #lactosuria  presence of lactose in the urine; can occur during pregnancy or lactation
                          subtype:  #environmental_condition__environmentalcondition  the state of the environment
                          subtype:  #climate__mood  the prevailing psychological state; "the climate of opinion"; "the national mood had changed radically since the last election"
                          subtype:  #ambience__atmosphere__ambiance  a particular environment or surrounding influence; "there was an atmosphere of excitement"
                          subtype:  #unsusceptibility__immunity  the state of not being susceptible: "unsusceptibility to rust"
                          subtype:  #immunity.state__resistance  (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease
                          subtype:  #subservience  the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan; "all his actions were in subservience to the general plan"
                          subtype:  #susceptibility__susceptibleness__susceptiblenes  the state of being susceptible; easily affected
                          subtype:  #wetness__wetnes  the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); "he confirmed the wetness of the paint"
                          subtype:  #dryness__drynes__waterlessnes__xerote  the condition of not containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water)
                          subtype:  #safety.state  the state of being safe; "the safety of the children"
                          subtype:  #danger.state  the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; "you are in no danger"; "there was widespread danger of disease"
                          subtype:  #tensity__tension__tenseness__tensenes__tautnes  the physical condition of being stretched or strained; "it places great tension on the leg muscles"; "he could feel the tenseness of her body"
                          subtype:  #atonicity__atony__atonia__amyotonia  lack of normal muscular tension or tonus
                          subtype:  #repair.state  a formal way of referring to the condition of something; "the building was in good repair"
                          subtype:  #soundness__soundnes  a state or condition free from damage or decay
                          subtype:  #mutism  the condition of being unable or unwilling to speak
                          subtype:  #eye_condition__eyecondition  the condition of the optical properties of the eye
                          subtype:  #unsoundness__unsoundnes  a condition of damage or decay
                          subtype:  #iniquity__wickedness__darkness__dark  absence of moral or spiritual values; "the powers of darkness"
                          subtype:  #light.state__illumination  a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow God's light"
                          subtype:  #malady  any unwholesome or desperate condition; "what maladies afflict our nation?"
                          subtype:  #serration.state  the condition of being serrated; "the serrations of a city skyline"
                          subtype:  #fruition  the condition of bearing fruit
                          subtype:  #impaction.state  the condition of being pressed closely together and firmly fixed
                          subtype:  #rustication.state  the condition naturally attaching to life in the country
                          subtype:  pm#perfect_condition__perfectcondition
                          subtype:  pm#worn
                       subtype:  #conditionality  the state of being conditional
                       subtype:  #state_of_affairs__situation  the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; "the present international situation is dangerous"; "wondered how such a state of affairs had come about"; "eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation"- Franklin D.Roosevelt
                       subtype:  #relationship  a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); "he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship"
                       subtype:  #relationship.state  a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries
                       subtype:  #tribalism.state  the state of living together in tribes
                       subtype:  #utopia  ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects
                       subtype:  #dystopia  state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror
                       subtype:  #wild__natural_state__naturalstate__state_of_nature  a wild primitive state untouched by civilization; "he lived in the wild"
                       subtype:  #isomerism  the state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers
                       subtype:  #degree.state__level__stage__point  a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"
                       subtype:  #office.state__power  (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage"; "during his first year in power"
                       subtype:  #status__position  the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society: "he had the status of a minor"; "the novel attained the status of a classic"; "atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life"
                       subtype:  #beingness__beingnes__existence  the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
                       subtype:  #nonbeing  the state of not being
                       subtype:  #death.state  the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
                       subtype:  #employ__employment  the state of being employed or having a job; "they are looking for employment"; "he was in the employ of the city"
                       subtype:  #unemployment  the state of being unemployed or not having a job: "unemployment is a serious social evil"; "the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy"
                       subtype:  #order.state  established customary state (especially of society); "order ruled in the streets"; "law and order"
                       subtype:  #disorder  a disturbance of the peace or of public order
                       subtype:  #enmity__hostility__antagonism  a state of deep-seated ill-will
                       subtype:  #conflict.state  a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests; "his conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post"; "a conflict of loyalties"
                       subtype:  #illumination  the degree of visibility of your environment
                       subtype:  #freedom  the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
                       subtype:  #representation.state__delegacy__agency  the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
                       subtype:  #dependance__dependence__dependency  lack of independence or self-sufficiency
                       subtype:  #motionlessness__stillness__stillnes  a state of no motion or movement
                       subtype:  #non-issue__nonissue__dead_letter  the state of something that has outlived its relevance
                       subtype:  #action.state__activity__activeness  the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action"
                       subtype:  #inaction.state__inactivity__inactiveness  the state of being inactive
                       subtype:  #temporary_state__temporarystate  a state that continues for a limited time
                       subtype:  #imminence__imminency__impendence__impendency__forthcomingness  the state of being imminent and liable to happen soon
                       subtype:  #preparedness__readiness__readines  the state of being ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); "putting them in readiness"
                       subtype:  #kalemia  the presence of potassium in the circulating blood
                       subtype:  #union.state  the state of being united; "there is strength in union"
                       subtype:  #matureness__maturity  state of being mature; full development
                       subtype:  #immaturity__immatureness  not having reached maturity
                       subtype:  #state_of_grace__grace__saving_grace  a state of sanctification by God
                       subtype:  #eternal_damnation__eternaldamnation__damnation  the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell
                       subtype:  #omniscience  the state of being omniscient; having infinite knowledge
                       subtype:  #omnipotence  the state of being omnipotent; having unlimited power
                       subtype:  #flawlessness__perfection__ne_plus_ultra  the state of being without a flaw or defect
                       subtype:  #unity__integrity__wholeness__wholenes  an unreduced or unbroken completeness or totality
                       subtype:  #imperfection__imperfectness__imperfectnes  the state or an instance of being imperfect
                       subtype:  #receivership.state  the state of property that is in the hands of a receiver; "the business is in receivership"
                       subtype:  #ownership.state  the state or fact of being an owner
                       subtype:  #end.state__destruction__death  a final state; "he came to a bad end"; "the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end"
                       subtype:  #sale.state  the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "vitamin C is on sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"
                       subtype:  #turgor  (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
                       subtype:  #polyvalence__polyvalency__multivalence__mulltivalency  the state of being polyvalent
                    subtype:  #feeling  the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"
                    subtype:  #cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act  the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
                    subtype:  #unconscious_process__unconsciousproces__process__proces  a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"
                    subtype:  #human_action__humanaction__act__human_activity__humanactivity  something that people do or cause to happen
                    subtype:  #phenomenon  any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
                    subtype:  #event  something that happens at a given place and time
              subtype:  dl#strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class__NEP.S  this kind of perdurant have at least two instances not related by a part relation
              subtype:  dl#cumulative_perdurant_class__CM  a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant is of this kind of perdurant
              subtype:  dl#anticumulative_perdurant_class__CM~  a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant (unconnected by a part relation) is not of this kind of perdurant
              subtype:  dl#homeomerous_perdurant_class__homeomerousperdurantclas__hom  any part is of the same type
              subtype:  dl#anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM~  no part is of the same type
              subtype:  dl#atomic_perdurant_class__AT  no perdurant of this kind has a proper part
              subtype:  dl#anti-atomic_perdurant_class__AT~  any perdurant of this kind has a proper part
              instance:  pm#situation  something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space
           subtype:  pm#attribute_class__attributeclas  class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute
           subtype:  pm#substance_class__substanceclas  class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance
           subtype:  pm#virtual_class__virtualclas  class that should not be used directly: its subtypes should be used instead
           instance:  pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm)
           instance:  pm#thing__something___T__t___3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else  any category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type
           instance:  pm#nothing (pm)
        instance:  pm#binary_relation_type  all binary relation types are instance of that object
     subtype:  dolce#universal__UNIVERSAL
     subtype:  pm#1st_order_type__1stordertype__type1  all 1st order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 2nd-order type
     subtype:  pm#2nd_order_type__2ndordertype__type2  all 2nd order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 3rd order type
  subtype:  pm#set_or_class  like sumo#set_or_class but including rdfs#class too
  subtype:  rdfs#constraint_resource
  subtype:  dl#arbitrary_sum__arbitrarysum__AS  e.g., the collection of a car and a foot

12 statements are about indirect instances of pm#non_spatial_collection: pm#graph1_on_ontology, lis#graph1_on_type, pm#graph1_on_conference, pm#graph1_on_file, pm#graph1_on_written_material, pm#graph1_on_publication, pm#graph1_on_report, pm#graph35_on_article, pm#graph1_on_address, pm#graph1_on_housing, pm#graph1_on_meal_shop, pm#graph1_on_person click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement

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