is#IR_task__information_indexation_or_search__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
  supertype:  is#information_sciences_task__information_management_task__information_management__informationmanagement  may be "_subtask" would be more appropriate than "_task" here and in the subtypes
  tool:  is#IR_system
  subtype:  is#information_indexation__informationindexation
     subtype:  is#information_structuring  increasing the number of relations between objects
        subtype:  is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_document_elements
           subtype:  is#document_structuring
           subtype:  is#increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_documents
        subtype:  is#reducing_the_size_of_document_elements
        subtype:  is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
           subtype:  is#data_normalization
           subtype:  is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
              subtype:  km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling  representing information in a more or less formal way
                 subtype:  km#knowledge_normalization  representing knowledge in a precise, organized and scalable manner; this implies reducing the number of non-automatically comparable ways information is or can be written, and increasing the number of relations between objects (especially common/important relations such as generalization relations, partOf relations and case relations)
                    subtype:  km#use_of_a_normalizing_KRL
                    subtype:  km#re-use_of_a_top_level_or_large_ontology
                       subtype:  km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
                          subtype:  km#following_of_a_principle_of_the_Ontoclean_methodology
                    subtype:  km#following_of_a_category_naming_principle  lexical normalization involves following object naming rules such as "using English singular nouns or nominal expressions" and "avoiding the Intercap style"
                       subtype:  km#following_of_the_InterCap_style_for_naming_categories
                       subtype:  km#following_of_an_underscore_based_style_for_naming_categories
                       subtype:  km#use_of_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
                          subtype:  km#use_of_singular_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
                    subtype:  km#following_of_a_phrasing_principle_for_category_annotations
                    subtype:  km#following_of_a_knowledge_organization_principle  Structural and ontological normalization involves following rules such as "when introducing an object into an ontology, relate it to all its already represented direct generalizations, specializations, components and containers", "use subtypeOf relations instead of or in addition to instanceOf relations when both cases are possible", "avoid the use of non binary relations" and "do not represent processes via relations"
                       subtype:  km#use_of_a_graph-oriented-reading_convention
                       subtype:  km#limiting_the_number_of_relation_types
                       subtype:  km#following_of_an_ontological_principle
                 subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise/organized/precise/readable_way
                    subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_concise_way
                    subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_an_organized_way  setting or presenting many relations between categories or statements
                       subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_conceptual_objects
                          subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_relation_types
                          subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_concept_types
                          subtype:  km#increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_objects_from_different_users
                    subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_readable_way
                    subtype:  km#representing_knowledge_in_a_precise_way  precise or explicit
                 subtype:  km#knowledge_modelling/classification/extraction__knowledgemodelling/classification/extraction__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA_task__KA  this is "knowledge acquisition" in its restricted sense; in its broader sense, it is equivalent to "knowledge management"
                    subtype:  km#KA_from_people
                    subtype:  km#KA_from_data
                       subtype:  km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data__knowledge_discovery__knowledgediscovery__data_mining
                          subtype:  km#semi_automatic_KA_from_data_by_classification
                             subtype:  km#concept_clustering_from_data
                          subtype:  km#knowledge_extraction_from_documents
                             subtype:  km#semantic_web_mining
                             subtype:  km#knowledge-oriented_NLP
                                subtype:  km#CG_extraction_by_NLP
                             subtype:  km#ontology_extraction_from_documents
                                subtype:  km#terminological_analysis
                             subtype:  km#document_structure_analysis_or_discovery
                          subtype:  km#knowledge_extraction_from_databases__knowledge_discovery_in_databases__KDD
                             subtype:  km#FCA_based_KDD
                    subtype:  km#classification
                       subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering__concept_clusterization__conceptclusterization  it can be used both for KA and IR, from knowledge or data
                          subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_generalization_hierarchy
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_category_generalization_hierarchy
                                subtype:  km#FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
                                   subtype:  km#FCA_attribute_exploration  FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where the object set is not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
                                   subtype:  km#FCA_concept_exploration  FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where both the object set and the attribute set are not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
                                subtype:  km#type_classification
                                subtype:  km#instance_classification__instance_learning  assignement of instances to types of concepts/relations
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_via_a_CG_generalization_hierarchy
                          subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_data
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_database
                             subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
                                subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_emails
                       subtype:  km#classification_by_semantic_grids
                 subtype:  km#language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
                    subtype:  km#CG_based_KR
                 subtype:  km#methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
                    subtype:  km#task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
                       subtype:  km#creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
                       subtype:  km#combination_and_instantiation_of_generic_task_models
                       subtype:  km#selection_and_adaptation_of_domain_ontologies
     subtype:  is#information_precising__informationprecising
        subtype:  is#information_explicitation
           subtype:  is#representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
           subtype:  is#making_an_informal_sentence_less_contextual
           subtype:  is#information_normalization__informationnormalization
     subtype:  is#data_indexation__informal_object_indexation
        subtype:  is#document_indexation
        subtype:  is#data_indexation_in_database
  subtype:  is#information_search__informationsearch
     subtype:  is#document_search
     subtype:  is#lexical_search__lexicalsearch__stringsearch  search of a string of character
        subtype:  is#regular_expression_based_search
        subtype:  is#keyword_based_statistical_search__keywordbasedstatisticalsearch
     subtype:  is#informal_index_based_search
     subtype:  is#knowledge_based_information_search__knowledgebasedinformationsearch
        subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_search
           subtype:  km#conceptual_clustering_from_documents
        subtype:  km#knowledge_search_task
           subtype:  km#specialization_search__implication_search__implicationsearch
              subtype:  km#specialization_structural_search
              subtype:  km#complete_specialization_search
           subtype:  km#generalization_search
              subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search
                 subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search_of_FOL_statements
              subtype:  km#complete_generalization_search
           subtype:  km#analogy_search__analogysearch
           subtype:  km#structure_only_based_search
              subtype:  km#specialization_structural_search
              subtype:  km#generalization_structural_search
           subtype:  km#complete_knowledge_search
           subtype:  km#incomplete_knowledge_search
           subtype:  km#consistent_knowledge_search
           subtype:  km#inconsistent_knowledge_search
  subtype:  is#information_presentation__informationpresentation
     subtype:  km#knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling  representing information in a more or less formal way
  subtype:  is#document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration  "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
     subtype:  is#document_indexation
     subtype:  is#document_search
     subtype:  is#keyword_based_document_indexation_or_search
     subtype:  is#metadata_based_structuration_or_search
     subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_indexation_or_search
        subtype:  is#knowledge_based_document_search
  subtype:  is#data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
     subtype:  is#data_indexation_in_database

15 statements are about indirect instances of is#IR_task: km#graph1_on_article, km#graph8_on_article, km#graph9_on_article, km#graph12_on_article, km#graph13_on_article, km#graph14_on_article, km#graph15_on_article, km#graph18_on_article, km#graph1_on_PhD_thesis, km#graph1_on_book, km#graph21_on_article, km#graph24_on_article, km#graph2_on_PhD_thesis, km#graph25_on_article, km#graph34_on_article click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement

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