Individual #Africa the second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the India Ocean
instance of: continent
part of: eastern_hemisphere
part: Boer_War either of two wars: the first when the Boers fought England in order to regain the independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus (1880-1881); the second when the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain (1899-1902)
part: Barbary a region of North Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries
part: Barbary_Coast.North_Africa__barbarycoast the Mediterranean coast of North Africa that was famous for its Moorish pirates
part: Nubia an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser
part: African_country__African_nation countries occupying the African continent
part: Namibia__Republic_of_Namibia a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia form part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa
part: Windhoek capital of Namibia in the center of the country
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Namib_Desert a desert in Namibia extending along the coast between the high plateau and the Atlantic Ocean
part: Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
part: Algiers__Algerian_capital an ancient port on the Mediterranean; the capital and largest city of Algeria
part: Oran a port city in northwestern Algeria and the country's 2nd largest city
part: Angola__Republic_of_Angola a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990
part: Luanda__Angolan_capital port city on Atlantic coast; the capital and largest city of Angola
part: Kasai_River__Kasai__River_Kasai a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Burundi__Republic_of_Burundi a landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika
part: Bujumbura__Usumbura__capital_of_Burundi the capital and largest city of Burundi; "Usumbura was renamed Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962"
part: Republic_of_Cameroon__Cameroon__Cameroun a republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960
part: Yaounde__capital_of_Cameroon the capital of Cameroon
part: Douala the largest city of Cameroon
part: Cameroon an inactive volcano in western Cameroon; highest peak on the West African coast
part: Central_African_Republic__Central_Africa a landlocked country in central Africa; formerly under French control; became independent in 1960
part: Bangui__capital_of_Central_Africa the capital and largest city of the Central Africa Republic
part: Republic_of_Chad__Chad__Tchad a landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960
part: N'Djamena__Ndjamena__Fort-Lamy__capital_of_Chad the capital and largest city of Chad; located in the southwestern on the Shari river
part: Republic_of_the_Congo__French_Congo a republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960
part: Brazzaville the capital and largest city of the Republic of Congo
part: Congo__Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo__Zaire__Belgian_Congo a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960
part: Kananga__Luluabourg a city in southwestern Congo; former name (until 1966) was Luluabourg
part: Kinshasa__Leopoldville the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the Congo river opposite Brazzaville
part: Lubumbashi__Elisabethville a city in southeastern Congo near the border with Zambia; a copper mining center; former name (until 1966) was Elisabethville
part: Congo_River__Congo a major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
part: Kasai_River__Kasai__River_Kasai a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo
part: Lake_Kivu__Kivu a lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda
part: Ivory_Coast__Cote_d'Ivoire__Republic_of_Cote_d'Ivoire a republic in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; one of the most prosperous and politically stable countries in Africa
part: Abidjan city recognized by the United States as the capital of the Ivory Coast; largest city of the Ivory Coast
part: Benin__Republic_of_Benin__Dahomey a country on western coast of Africa; formerly part of French West Africa
part: Porto_Novo__capital_of_Benin the capital of Benin in southwestern part of country on a coastal lagoon
part: Cotonou chief port of Benin on the Bight of Benin
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Togo__Togolese_Republic a republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly part of French West Africa
part: Lome__capital_of_Togo capital and largest city of Togo; located in the south on the Gulf of Guinea
part: Equatorial_Guinea__Republic_of_Equitorial_Guinea__Spanish_Guinea a country of west central Africa (including islands in the Gulf of Guinea); became independent from Spain in 1968
part: Bioko an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Equatorial Guinea
part: Malabo the capital and largest city of Equatorial Guinea on the island of Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea
part: Roman_Empire an empire including the lands in Europe and Africa and Asia that were ruled by ancient Rome
part: Holy_Roman_Empire__First_Reich the lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe
part: Byzantine_Empire__Eastern_Roman_Empire a continuation of the Roman Empire in the East after AD 330 when Constantine the Great rebuilt Byzantium and called it Constantinople and made it his capital
part: Byzantium an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul
part: Rwanda__Rwandese_Republic__Ruanda a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony
part: Kigali__capital_of_Rwanda the capital and largest city of Rwanda; located in central Rwanda
part: Lake_Kivu__Kivu a lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda
part: Botswana__Republic_of_Botswana a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s
part: Gaborone__capital_of_Botswana capital and largest city of Botswana in the extreme southeast
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
part: Aswan_High_Dam__Aswan_Dam__High_Dam one of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt
part: Sinai_Peninsula__Sinai a peninsula in northeastern Egypt; at north end of Red Sea
part: Sinai_Desert__Sinai a desert on the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt
part: Mount_Sinai__Sinai a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments
part: El_Iskandriyah__Alexandria the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt
part: Aswan__Assuan__Assouan an ancient city on the Nile in Egypt; site of the Aswan High Dam
part: Cairo__El_Qahira__Egyptian_capital__capital_of_Egypt the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just south of the Nile Delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs
part: El_Alamein a village west of Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt; the scene of a decisive Allied victory over the Germans in 1942
part: Giza__El_Giza an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids and the Sphinx
part: Memphis.Egypt__memphi an ancient city of Egypt (S of Cairo)
part: Luxor a city in central Egypt on the east bank of the Nile; site of the Temple of Luxor
part: Saqqara__Saqqarah__Sakkara a town in northern Egypt; site of the oldest Egyptian pyramids (the Step Pyramid)
part: Suez a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal
part: Suez_Canal a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
part: Lake_Nasser__Nasser lake in Egypt formed by dams built on the Nile River at Aswan
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Kenya__Republic_of_Kenya a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya
part: Nairobi__capital_of_Kenya the capital and largest city of Kenya; a center for tourist safaris
part: Kisumu a port city in western Kenya on the northeastern shore of Lake Victoria; fishing and trading center
part: Mombasa a port city in southern Kenya on a coral island in a bay of the Indian Ocean
part: Nakuru a city in western Kenya; commercial center of an agricultural region
part: Gabon__Gabonese_Republic__Gabun a republic on the west coast of Africa
part: Libreville__capital_of_Gabon the capital of Gabon
part: Gambia__The_Gambia__Republic_of_The_Gambia a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa
part: Banjul__capital_of_Gambia a port city and capital of Gambia
part: Ghana__Republic_of_Ghana__Gold_Coast a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; "Ghana was colonized as the Gold Coast by the British"
part: Accra__capital_of_Ghana the capital and largest city of Ghana with a deep-water port
part: Guinea__Republic_of_Guinea__French_Guinea a republic in eastern Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958
part: Conakry__Konakri__capital_of_Guinea a port and the capital of Guinea
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Guinea-Bissau__Republic_of_Guinea-Bissau__Guine-Bissau__Portuguese_Guinea a republic on the northwestern coast of Africa; recognized as independent by Portugal in 1974
part: Bissau__capital_of_Guinea-Bissau the capital of Guinea-Bissau
part: Lesotho__Kingdom_of_Lesotho__Basutoland a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966
part: Maseru__capital_of_Lesotho the capital of Lesotho; located in northwestern Lesotho
part: Liberia__Republic_of_Liberia a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves
part: Monrovia__Liberian_capital__capital_of_Liberia the capital and chief port and largest city of Liberia
part: Libya__Socialist_People's_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya a military dictatorship in North Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum
part: Tripoli__capital_of_Libya the capital and largest city of Libya; in northwest Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC
part: Benghazi port in northern Libya on the Gulf of Sidra; formerly a joint capital of Libya with Tripoli
part: Republic_of_Madagascar__Madagascar__Malagasy_Republic a republic on the Island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960
part: Antananarivo__capital_of_Madagascar the capital and largest city of Madagascar
part: Malawi__Republic_of_Malawi__Nyasaland a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
part: Blantyre city in southern Malawi; largest city and commercial center of Malawi
part: Lilongwe__capital_of_Malawi the capital of Malawi; located in south central Malawi
part: Zomba a city in southern Malawi; was the capital until 1971
part: Mali__Republic_of_Mali__French_Sudan a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years
part: Bamako the capital of Mali; located in the south on the Niger
part: Timbuktu a city in central Mali near the Niger river; formerly famous for its gold trade
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Mauritania__Islamic_Republic_of_Mauritania__Mauritanie__Muritaniya a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert
part: Nouakchott capital of Mauritania; located in western Mauritania near the Atlantic coast
part: Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956
part: Casablanca a port on the Atlantic and the largest city of Morocco
part: El_Aaium a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast
part: Fez__Fes a city in north central Morocco; religious center
part: Marrakesh__Marrakech a city in western Morocco; tourist center
part: Rabat__capital_of_Morocco the capital of Morocco; located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast
part: Tangier__Tangiers a city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar; "the first tangerines were shipped from Tangier to Europe in 1841"
part: Western_Sahara__Spanish_Sahara an area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992
part: Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
part: Mozambique__Republic_of_Mozambique__Mocambique a republic on the eastern coast of Africa on the Indian Ocean; became independent from Portugal in 1975
part: Maputo__capital_of_Mozambique the capital and largest city of Mozambique
part: Limpopo__Crocodile_River an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Niger__Republic_of_Niger a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert
part: Niamey__capital_of_Niger the capital and largest city of Niger
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Nigeria__Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
part: Abuja__capital_of_Nigeria__Nigerian_capital capital of Nigeria in the center of the country
part: Ibadan a large Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria; site of a university
part: Katsina a city in northern Nigeria; a major center of the Hausa people
part: Lagos chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria
part: Yerwa-Maiduguri__Maiduguri a city in northeastern Nigeria; an agricultural trading center
part: Zaria a city in north central Nigeria; agricultural trading center
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Senegal__Republic_of_Senegal a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960
part: Dakar__capital_of_Senegal the capital and chief port and largest city of Senegal
part: Sierra_Leone__Republic_of_Sierra_Leone a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
part: Freetown__capital_of_Sierra_Leone__capitalofsierraleone port city and the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone
part: Somali_peninsula__Horn_of_Africa a peninsula of northeastern Africa (the easternmost part of Africa) comprising Somalia and Djibouti and Eritrea and parts of Ethiopia
part: Djibouti__Republic_of_Djibouti__Afars_and_Issas a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997
part: Djibouti.capital__djibouti__capital_of_Djibouti port city on the Gulf of Aden; the capital and largest city of Djibouti
part: Eritrea__State_of_Eritrea a country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993
part: Ethiopia__Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia__Yaltopya__Abyssinia Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia
part: Addis_Ababa__New_Flower__capital_of_Ethiopia the capital of Ethiopia and the country's largest city; located in central Ethiopia
part: Somalia a republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali Peninsula; subject to tribal warfare
part: Mogadishu__Mogadiscio__capital_of_Somalia the capital and largest city of Somalia; a port on the Indian Ocean
part: Hargeisa a city in northwestern Somalia
part: South_Africa__Republic_of_South_Africa a republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)
part: Natal.district__natal a region of eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean
part: Tugela_Falls__Tugela a major waterfall in southern Africa; has more than one leap
part: Pretoria__capital_of_South_Africa__capitalofsouthafrica city in the Transvaal; the seat of the executive branch of the government of South Africa
part: Cape_Town port city in southwestern South Africa; the seat of the legislative branch of the government of South Africa
part: Johannesburg city in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries
part: Kimberley city in central South Africa; center for diamond mining and diamond marketing
part: Durban a port city in eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean; resort and industrial center
part: Transvaal a province of northeast South Africa originally inhabited by Bantu-speaking Africans; colonized by the Boers
part: Witwatersrand__Rand__Reef a rocky region in the southern Transvaal in northeastern South Africa; contains rich gold deposits and coal and manganese
part: Bloemfontein the seat of the supreme court
part: Soweto a large collection of African townships southwest of Johannesburg in South Africa; inhabited solely by Black Africans
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Limpopo__Crocodile_River an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Orange_River__Orange a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean
part: Sudan__Soudan a region of North Africa south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea
part: battle_of_Omdurman__Omdurman a battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Lord Kitchener defeated the Sudanese
part: Nubian_Desert an arid sandstone plateau between the Nile and the Red Sea
part: Republic_of_the_Sudan__Sudan__Soudan a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956
part: Kordofan a mountainous province of central Sudan
part: Khartoum__capital_of_Sudan the capital of Sudan located at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile
part: Nyala city in Sudan
part: Port_Sudan port city in Sudan on the Red Sea
part: Omdurman a city of Sudan; located in the central Sudan on the White Nile opposite Khartoum
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Swaziland__Kingdom_of_Swaziland a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the Commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968
part: Mbabane__capital_of_Swaziland capital of Swaziland; located in northwestern Swaziland
part: Tanzania__United_Republic_of_Tanzania a republic in eastern Africa
part: Dar_es_Salaam__capital_of_Tanzania the capital and second largest city of Tanzania
part: Tanganyika a former state in East Africa; united with Zanzibar in 1964 to form Tanzania
part: Zanzibar an island in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa; part of the United Republic of Tanzania
part: Tabora a city in central Tanzania
part: Mount_Kilimanjaro__Kilimanjaro the highest peak in Africa; located in northeastern Tanzania; 19,340 feet high
part: Olduvai_Gorge a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains
part: Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"
part: battle_of_Zama__Zama the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War
part: Tunis__capital_of_Tunisia the capital and principal port of Tunisia
part: Sfax__Safaqis the second largest city in Tunisia; located in eastern Tunisia near a phosphate region
part: Ottoman_Empire__Turkish_Empire an empire created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and that lasted until the end of World War I
part: Uganda__Republic_of_Uganda a landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962
part: Buganda a state of Uganda and site of a former Bantu kingdom
part: Kampala__capital_of_Uganda the capital and largest city of Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria
part: Jinja a city in Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria
part: Gulu a city in northern Uganda
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Zambia__Republic_of_Zambia a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled (as part of Northern Rhodesia) by Great Britain until it gained independence within the Commonwealth in 1964
part: Lusaka__capital_of_Zambia the capital and largest city of Zambia
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Zimbabwe__Republic_of_Zimbabwe__Rhodesia__Southern_Rhodesia a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980
part: Harare__Salisbury__capital_of_Zimbabwe the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe
part: Bulawayo industrial city in southwestern Zimbabwe
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Sahara_Desert__Sahara the world's largest desert (3,500,000 square miles) in North Africa
part: Libyan_Desert the eastern part of the Sahara Desert
part: Sub-Saharan_Africa__Black_Africa the region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert
part: West_Africa an area of western African between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea
part: Lake_Chad__Chad a lake in north central Africa; fed by the Shari river
part: Lake_Tanganyika__Tanganyika the longest lake in the world in central Africa between Tanzania and Congo
part: Lake_Victoria__Victoria_Nyanza the largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world; a headwaters reservoir for the Nile River
part: Shari_River__Shari__Chari__Chari_River an African river that flows northwest into Lake Chad
part: North_Africa
part: Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956
part: Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"
part: Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
part: Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
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