#mixture (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)
supertype: #substance__matter that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
subtype: #alloy__metal a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; "brass is an alloy of zinc and copper"
subtype: #oroide__oreide alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry
subtype: #Alnico trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium
subtype: #dental_amalgam__amalgam an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams
subtype: #fusible_metal__fusiblemetal an alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses
subtype: #electrum an alloy of gold and silver
subtype: #pewter any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)
subtype: #pinchbeck an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold
subtype: #pot_metal an alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots
subtype: #solder an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces
subtype: #hard_solder solder that contains copper; melts at a relatively high temperature; used for brazing
subtype: #silver_solder a solder that contains silver
subtype: #soft_solder solder that melts at a relatively low temperature
subtype: #white_gold__whitegold a pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium
subtype: #type_metal an alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type
subtype: #white_metal__whitemetal__bearing_metal__bearingmetal an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings
subtype: #Babbitt_metal__babbitt a alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; an anti-friction lining for bearings
subtype: #Britannia_metal an alloy similar to pewter
subtype: #Carboloy (trademark) an alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools
subtype: #steel an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range
subtype: #alloy_steel__alloysteel steel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon
subtype: #stainless_steel__chromium_steel steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion
subtype: #chrome-nickel_steel__Elinvar Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of nickel-chromium steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures
subtype: #chrome-tungsten_steel a steel alloy made with chromium and tungsten
subtype: #austenitic_manganese_steel__manganese_steel__manganesesteel a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock
subtype: #molybdenum_steel steel containing 10-15% molybdenum; properties are similar to tungsten steel
subtype: #nickel_steel an alloy steel containing nickel
subtype: #tool_steel alloy steel that is suitable for making tools; is hard a tough and can retain a cutting edge
subtype: #high-speed_steel__hot-work_steel an alloy steel that remains hard at a red heat; used to make metal-cutting tools
subtype: #tungsten_steel__wolfram_steel__wolframsteel a very hard heat-resistant steel containing tungsten
subtype: #vanadium_steel steel alloyed with vanadium for greater strength and high-temperature stability
subtype: #austenitic_steel steel that has enough nickel and chromium or manganese to retain austenite at atmospheric temperatures
subtype: #case-hardened_steel steel with a surface that is much harder than the interior metal
subtype: #carbon_steel steel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains
subtype: #drill_steel__drillsteel__drill_rod__drillrod carbon steel used for rock drills and dowels
subtype: #eutectoid_steel__eutectoidsteel a steel that contains 0.9% carbon (the eutectic point in the iron-carbon system); a carbon steel with 0.9% carbon is pure pearlite
subtype: #hyper-eutectoid_steel__hypereutectoidsteel a steel that contains more than 0.9% carbon
subtype: #hypo-eutectoid_steel a steel that contains less that 0.9% carbon
subtype: #crucible_steel steel made by the mixture of molten wrought iron, charcoal, and other substances in a crucible
subtype: #Damascus_steel__Damask_steel a hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades
subtype: #chisel_steel steel used in making chisels
subtype: #hard_steel steel with more than 0.3% carbon
subtype: #medium_steel steel with 0.15-0.3% carbon
subtype: #mild_steel__low-carbon_steel__soft-cast_steel steel with less than 0.15% carbon
subtype: #quenched_steel steel that has been hardened by immersing it in water or oil to cool it
subtype: #oil-hardened_steel steel that is quenched in oil
subtype: #structural_steel a strong steel that is rolled into shapes that are used in construction
subtype: #cheoplastic_metal__cheoplasticmetal any low-fusing alloy used in cheoplasty (molding artificial teeth)
subtype: #copper-base_alloy any alloy whose principal component is copper
subtype: #brass__bras an alloy of copper and zinc
subtype: #alpha-beta_brass__Muntz_metal__yellow_metal a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products
subtype: #manganese_bronze__manganesebronze__highstrengthbras a brass with from 1-4% manganese to harden it
subtype: #naval_brass__navalbras__Admiralty_brass__Admiralty_Metal__Tobin_bronze alpha-beta brass containing tin; resistant to sea water; Admiralty Metal is a trademark
subtype: #alpha_brass__alphabras a brass-zinc alloy; used mainly for cold working
subtype: #bearing_brass__bearingbras a brass bushing or a lining for a bearing
subtype: #cartridge_brass__cartridgebras a copper-zinc alloy (containing about 30% zinc) that is wrought into cartridges or tubing
subtype: #gilding_metal__gildingmetal a brass that is rich in copper; used to make articles that were to be gilded
subtype: #high_brass brass with 35% zinc
subtype: #latten brass (or a yellow alloy resembling brass) that was hammered into thin sheets; formerly used for church utensils
subtype: #low_brass__lowbras brass with 30% (or less) zinc
subtype: #ormolu brass that looks like gold; used to decorate furniture
subtype: #red_brass__guinea_gold brass with enough copper to give it a reddish tint; used for plumbing pipe and other brass hardware and in cheap jewelry
subtype: #bronze an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin
subtype: #gunmetal a type of bronze used for parts subject to wear or corrosion (especially corrosion by sea water)
subtype: #phosphor_bronze a corrosion-resistant bronze containing phosphorus; used in bearings and gears
subtype: #alpha_bronze__alphabronze a copper-tin alloy that can be worked
subtype: #bell_metal bronze with 3 or 4 parts copper to 1 part tin; used in making bells
subtype: #beryllium_bronze__berylliumbronze a copper-base alloy containing beryllium
subtype: #leaded_bronze bronze to which 1-4% lead is added
subtype: #nickel_bronze a bronze containing up to 30% nickel
subtype: #silicon_bronze__siliconbronze a bronze with 2-3% silicon that is resistant to corrosion
subtype: #cupronickel a 60/40 alloy of copper and nickel
subtype: #aluminum_bronze__aluminium_bronze__aluminiumbronze a copper-aluminum alloy with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion
subtype: #constantan__Eureka a copper-nickel alloy with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire
subtype: #dental_gold an alloy of gold used in dentistry
subtype: #Duralumin (trademark) an aluminum-based alloy
subtype: #Inconel (trademark) an nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades
subtype: #Invar (trademark) an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments
subtype: #nickel-base_alloy__nickel_alloy an alloy whose main constituent is nickel
subtype: #Monel_metal__Monell_metal an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)
subtype: #Nichrome (trademark) a nickel-chromium alloy with high electrical resistance and an ability to withstand high temperatures; used for resistance heating elements
subtype: #Permalloy an 80/20 alloy of nickel and iron; easily magnetized and demagnetized
subtype: #nickel_silver__German_silver a silver-white alloy containing copper and zinc and nickel
subtype: #pyrophoric_alloy an alloy that emits sparks when struck or scratched with steel; used in lighter flints
subtype: #ferrocerium a pyrophoric alloy of iron with cerium; used for lighter flints
subtype: #misch_metal a pyrophoric alloy made from a mixture of rare-earth metals
subtype: #shot_metal an alloy that is 98% lead and 2% arsenic; used in making small shot
subtype: #Stellite (trademark) a cobalt-base alloy with chromium and other metals; very hard; used to make cutting tools and for surfaces subject to heavy wear
subtype: #sterling_silver a silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper
subtype: #tombac__tombak__tambac an alloy of copper and zinc (and sometimes arsenic) used to imitate gold in cheap jewelry and for gilding
subtype: #Wood's_metal__Wood's_alloy a fusible bismuth-base alloy; melts at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit
subtype: #colloid a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension
subtype: #silver_protein a colloid preparation of protein (albumin or gelatin) and silver oxide; used in aqueous solution as an antibacterial agent
subtype: #colloidal_gel__colloidalgel__gel a colloid in a more solid form than a sol
subtype: #hydrogel a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium
subtype: #sol__colloidalsolution__colloidal_suspension__colloidalsuspension a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid
subtype: #emulsion (chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids; "an oil-in-water emulsion"
subtype: #silica_gel a porous form of silica that is highly absorbent
subtype: #composition.mixture a mixture of ingredients
subtype: #paste any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency
subtype: #beebread__ambrosia a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae
subtype: #compost a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer
subtype: #soup.composition (informal) any composition having a consistency suggestive of soup
subtype: #mechanical_mixture a mixture whose components can be separated by mechanical means
subtype: #eutectic a mixture of substances having a minimum melting point
subtype: #solution.mixture a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution; "he used a solution of peroxide and water"
subtype: #brine a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling
subtype: #aqueous_solution__aqueoussolution a solution in water
subtype: #bleach_liquor a solution containing bleaching agents that is used to bleach textiles or paper pulp
subtype: #buffer_solution a solution containing a buffer
subtype: #starting_buffer buffer solution at the start of a reaction
subtype: #phosphate_buffer_solution__PBS__pb a solution containing a phosphate buffer
subtype: #collodion a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films
subtype: #chlorine_water an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent
subtype: #conjugate_solution__conjugatesolution__conjugate a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A
subtype: #dilution.solution a diluted solution
subtype: #electrolyte a solution that conducts electricity; "the proper amount and distribution of electrolytes in the body is essential for health"
subtype: #polyelectrolyte an electrolyte of high molecular weight
subtype: #eluate a liquid solution that results from elution
subtype: #Fehling's_solution a liquid solution of copper sulfate and potassium tartrate and sodium hydroxide that is used to test for sugar in the urine; solution turns reddish when sugar is present
subtype: #formalin__formol a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens
subtype: #mouthwash a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth
subtype: #extract__infusion a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)
subtype: #beef_tea__Bovril an extract of beef (given to people who are ill)
subtype: #black_catechu__blackcatechu__catechu extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dying and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally
subtype: #pancreatin extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions
subtype: #injectant__injection any solution that is injected (as into the skin)
subtype: #isotonic_solution__isosmotic_solution__isosmoticsolution a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood
subtype: #Ringer's_solution__Ringer_solution an aqueous solution containing the chlorides of sodium and potassium and calcium that is isotonic to animal tissues; used to correct dehydration and (in physiological experiments) as a medium for in vitro preparations
subtype: #saline_solution__saline an isotonic solution of sodium chloride and distilled water
subtype: #liquid_bleach a solution containing bleaching agents; used for laundry
subtype: #sap a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant
subtype: #manna hardened sugary exudation of various trees
subtype: #primary_solid_solution__primarysolidsolution__solid_solution__solidsolution a homogeneous solid that can exist over a range of component chemicals; a constituent of alloys that is formed when atoms of an element are incorporated into the crystals of a metal
subtype: #austenite a solid solution of ferric carbide or carbon in iron; cools to form pearlite or martensite
subtype: #ferrite a solid solution in which alpha iron is the solvent
subtype: #martensite a solid solution of carbon in alpha-iron that is formed when steel is cooled so rapidly that the change from austenite to pearlite is suppressed; responsible for the hardness of quenched steel
subtype: #double_salt a solid solution of two simple salts
subtype: #Rochelle_salt__Rochelle_salts a double salt used in Seidlitz powder; acts as a cathartic
subtype: #Paris_green a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
subtype: #spirits_of_ammonia__sal_volatile__salvolatile a solution of ammonium carbonate in ammonia water and alcohol
subtype: #toner.solution a solution containing chemicals that can change the color of a photographic print
subtype: #suspension a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy
subtype: #slurry a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of paris or lime or clay etc.) usually in water
subtype: #resuspension a renewed suspension of insoluble particles after they have been precipitated
subtype: #mash.suspension a mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water; used in brewing
subtype: #sour_mash a mash with optimum acidity for yeast fermentation; a mixture of old and new mash; used in distilling some whiskeys
subtype: #vapor__vapour a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance
subtype: #steam water at boiling temperature diffused in the atmosphere
subtype: #live_steam steam coming from a boiler at full pressure
subtype: #water_vapor__watervapor__water_vapour__watervapour water in a vaporous form diffused in the atmosphere but below boiling temperature
subtype: #spray.water_vapor water in small drops in the atmosphere; blown from waves or thrown up by a waterfall
subtype: #sea_spray__seaspray spray from ocean waves
subtype: #spindrift__spoondrift spray blown up from the surface of the sea
subtype: #freezing_mixture a mixture of substances (usually salt and ice) to obtain a temperature below the freezing point of water
subtype: #Greek_fire a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted
subtype: #gummite a gummy orange mixture of uranium oxides and silicates occurring naturally in the hydration and oxidation of pitchblende
subtype: #lamellar_mixture a mixture in which substances occur in distinct layers
subtype: #pearlite a lamellar mixture of cementite and ferrite formed during the cooling of austenite; a micro-constituent of steel and cast iron
subtype: #granular_pearlite__globular_pearlite if steel or iron cool very slowly the cementite may occur in globules instead of in layers
subtype: #matte a mixture of sulfides that forms when sulfide metal ores are smelted
subtype: #sparkle_metal__sparklemetal matte that has 74 percent copper
subtype: #oxyacetylene a mixture of oxygen and acetylene; used to create high temperatures for cutting or welding metals
subtype: #petrolatum__petroleum_jelly__petroleumjelly__mineral_jelly__mineraljelly a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication
subtype: #Vaseline a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly
subtype: #plaster a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
subtype: #finish_coat__finishing_coat__finishingcoat the final coating of plaster applied to walls and ceilings; "we can't paint until they put on the finishing coat"
subtype: #grout a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork
subtype: #parget__pargeting__pargetting plaster used to coat outer walls and line chimneys
subtype: #roughcast.plaster a coarse plaster for the surface of external walls
subtype: #spackle__spackling_compound__spacklingcompound powder (containing gypsum plaster and glue) that when mixed with water forms a plastic paste used to fill cracks and holes in plaster
subtype: #stucco a plaster now made mostly from Portland cement and sand and lime; applied while soft to cover exterior walls or surfaces
subtype: #soda_lime a mixture of sodium and calcium hydroxides; absorbs liquids and gases
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