#ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
exclusion: #good_health
supertype: #physiological_state__physiologicalstate__physiological_condition__physiologicalcondition the condition of the body or bodily functions
subtype: #dyscrasia an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
subtype: #blood_dyscrasia any abnormal condition of the blood
subtype: #blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder a disease or disorder of the blood
subtype: #cytopenia a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
subtype: #hematocytopenia an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: #pancytopenia an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
subtype: #acidemia a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
subtype: #alkalemia a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
subtype: #acanthocytosis the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
subtype: #agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
subtype: #analbuminemia an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
subtype: #Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
subtype: #parasitemia__parasitaemia a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
subtype: #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
subtype: #hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
subtype: #hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
subtype: #von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
subtype: #afibrinogenemia the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
subtype: #congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: #puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
subtype: #pyemia__pyaemia septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
subtype: #toxemia__toxaemia blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
subtype: #fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: #hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
subtype: #histiocytosis a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
subtype: #Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
subtype: #hydremia blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
subtype: #hypothrombinemia a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
subtype: #hypervolemia__hypervolaemia a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: #hypovolemia a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: #anemia__anaemia a deficiency of red blood cells
subtype: #aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
subtype: #erythroblastosis_fetalis severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
subtype: #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: #favism anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
subtype: #hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
subtype: #hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: #hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: #thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
subtype: #Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
subtype: #hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
subtype: #iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
subtype: #chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
subtype: #ischemia__ischaemia local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
subtype: #ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
subtype: #transient_ischemic_attack__TIA brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
subtype: #macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
subtype: #microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
subtype: #pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
subtype: #megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
subtype: #metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
subtype: #refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
subtype: #sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
subtype: #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: #leukocytosis__leucocytosis an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
subtype: #leukopenia__leucopenia an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
subtype: #neutropenia leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
subtype: #cyclic_neutropenia neutropenia that occurs periodically
subtype: #lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: #lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: #microcytosis a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
subtype: #polycythemia a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: #purpura__peliosis any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
subtype: #nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
subtype: #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: #thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
subtype: #essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
subtype: #uratemia presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
subtype: #uricaciduria presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
subtype: #illness__illnes__sickness impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
subtype: #ague a fit of shivering
subtype: #amyloidosis__amyloidosi a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
subtype: #anuresis__anuria inability to urinate
subtype: #catastrophic_illness severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
subtype: #collapse an abrupt failure of function or health
subtype: #crack-up__crackup__breakdown a mental or physical breakdown
subtype: #nervous_breakdown__nervousbreakdown a severe or incapacitating emotional disorder
subtype: #nervous_exhaustion__nervousexhaustion__nervous_prostration__nervousprostration an emotional disorder that leaves you exhausted and unable to work
subtype: #neurasthenia nervous breakdown (not in technical use)
subtype: #shock (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
subtype: #cardiogenic_shock__cardiogenicshock shock caused by cardiac arrest
subtype: #hypovolemic_shock__hypovolemicshock shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
subtype: #obstructive_shock__obstructiveshock shock caused by obstruction of blood flow
subtype: #distributive_shock shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow
subtype: #insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_reaction__insulinreaction hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
subtype: #decompression_sickness__aeroembolism__air_embolism__airembolism__gas_embolism__gasembolism__caisson_disease__caissondisease__bends__bend pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
subtype: #food_poisoning__gastrointestinal_disorder illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
subtype: #botulism food poisoning from ingesting botulin; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
subtype: #mushroom_poisoning toxic condition caused by eating certain species of mushrooms (especially Amanita species)
subtype: #ptomaine_poisoning__ptomaine a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines
subtype: #salmonellosis__salmonellosi a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
subtype: #lead_poisoning__plumbism__saturnism toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
subtype: #disease an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
subtype: #aspergillosis__aspergillosi disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs
subtype: #blackwater any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells
subtype: #cat_scratch_disease__catscratchdisease a disease thought to be transmitted to humans by a scratch from a cat
subtype: #complication.disease any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; "bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis"
subtype: #endemic_disease__endemicdisease__endemic a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
subtype: #enteropathy a disease of the intestinal tract
subtype: #intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
subtype: #incompetence inability of a part or organ to function properly
subtype: #hypogonadism incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone)
subtype: #valvular_incompetence inability of a bodily valve to close completely
subtype: #Kawasaki_disease__mucocutaneous_lymph_node_syndrome an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause
subtype: #pycnosis__pyknosis a degenerative state of the cell nucleus
subtype: #Marseilles_fever__Kenya_fever__Indian_tick_fever__boutonneuse_fever__boutonneusefever a disease (common in India and around the Mediterranean area) caused by a rickettsia that is transmitted to humans by a reddish brown tick (ixodid) that lives on dogs and other mammals
subtype: #Meniere's_disease a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
subtype: #milk_sickness caused by consuming milk from cattle suffering from trembles
subtype: #mimesis.disease any disease that shows symptoms characteristic of another disease
subtype: #myasthenia_gravis__myasthenia a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
subtype: #occupational_disease__industrial_disease disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts)
subtype: #onychosis__onychosi any disease or disorder of the nails
subtype: #onycholysis__onycholysi separation of a nail from its normal attachment to the nail bed
subtype: #rheumatism any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
subtype: #periarteritis_nodosa__periarteritisnodosa__polyarteritis_nodosa__polyarteritisnodosa a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area
subtype: #periodontal_disease__periodontaldisease__periodontitis__periodontiti a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth
subtype: #pyorrhea_alveolaris__pyorrhea__pyorrhoea__Riggs'_disease chronic periodontitis; purulent inflammation of the teeth sockets
subtype: #pericementoclasia pus pocket formation around a tooth
subtype: #alveolar_resorption wasting of the bony socket
subtype: #gingivitis inflammation of the gums
subtype: #ulatrophia recession of the gums
subtype: #liver_disease__liverdisease a disease affecting the liver
subtype: #cirrhosis_of_the_liver__cirrhosis__cirrhosi a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
subtype: #fatty_liver__fattyliver yellow discoloration as a result of the accumulation of certain fats (triglycerides) in the liver; can be caused by alcoholic cirrhosis or pregnancy or exposure to certain toxins
subtype: #hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: #viral_hepatitis__viralhepatiti hepatitis caused by a virus
subtype: #hepatitis_A__infectious_hepatitis an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
subtype: #hepatitis_B__serum_hepatitis an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
subtype: #hepatitis_C a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
subtype: #hepatitis_delta__hepatitisdelta__delta_hepatitis__deltahepatiti a severe form of hepatitis
subtype: #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: #communicable_disease a disease that can be communicated from one person to another
subtype: #contagious_disease__contagion any disease easily transmitted by contact
subtype: #influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: #Asiatic_flu influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
subtype: #measles__rubeola an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
subtype: #German_measles__rubella__threedaymeasle__epidemic_roseola a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
subtype: #diphtheria acute contagious bacterial infection marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing
subtype: #scarlet_fever__scarletfever__scarlatina an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
subtype: #pox a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks
subtype: #smallpox__variola a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
subtype: #chickenpox__varicella an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
subtype: #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: #venereal_disease__VD__social_disease__Cupid's_itch__Cupid's_disease__Venus's_curse__sexually_transmitted_disease a communicable disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
subtype: #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: #gonorrhea__gonorrhoea__clap a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
subtype: #granuloma_inguinale__granulomainguinale__granuloma_venereum__granulomavenereum a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
subtype: #syphilis__syph__pox a common venereal disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
subtype: #primary_syphilis the first stage; characterized by a chancre at the site of infection
subtype: #secondary_syphilis the second stage; characterized by eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
subtype: #tertiary_syphilis the third stage; characterized by involvement of internal organs especially the brain and spinal cord as well as the heart and liver
subtype: #neurosyphilis__neurosyphili syphilis of the central nervous system
subtype: #tabes_dorsalis__locomotor_ataxia__locomotorataxia syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
subtype: #infectious_disease a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
subtype: #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: #undulant_fever__brucellosis__Malta_fever__Gibraltar_fever__Rock_fever__Mediterranean_fever infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
subtype: #epidemic_cholera__cholera__Asiatic_cholera__Indian_cholera an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
subtype: #dengue_fever__dengue__dandy_fever__dandyfever__breakbone_fever an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
subtype: #dysentery an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
subtype: #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: #shigellosis__bacillary_dysentery__bacillarydysentery an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
subtype: #epidemic_disease any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
subtype: #plague.epidemic_disease__pestilence any epidemic disease with a high death rate
subtype: #plague a serious (sometimes fatal) infection transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea (especially bubonic plague)
subtype: #bubonic_plague__bubonicplague plague characterized by delirium and the formation of buboes
subtype: #Black_Death__black_plague__blackplague the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
subtype: #pneumonic_plague__pneumonicplague characterized by lung involvement
subtype: #septicemic_plague an especially dangerous form in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream
subtype: #epidemic_pleurodynia__epidemic_myalgia__myosis__diaphragmatic_pleurisy__diaphragmaticpleurisy__Bornholm_disease an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)
subtype: #hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: #herpes viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
subtype: #herpes_simplex an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: #oral_herpes__herpes_labialis__cold_sore__fever_blister__feverblister caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
subtype: #genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: #herpes_zoster__zoster__shingles eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
subtype: #infectious_mononucleosis__mononucleosis__mononucleosi__mono__glandular_fever__glandularfever__kissing_disease__kissingdisease an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
subtype: #Lassa_fever a serious contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing
subtype: #leprosy__hansen'sdisease chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
subtype: #tuberculoid_leprosy leprosy characterized by tumors in the skin and cutaneous nerves
subtype: #lepromatous_leprosy a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
subtype: #listeriosis__listeriosi an infectious disease common to many animals and occasionally transmitted to humans (especially to newborn or immunosuppressed persons)
subtype: #lymphogranuloma_venereum__lymphogranulomavenereum__LGV__lymphopathia_venereum infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
subtype: #meningitis infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
subtype: #cerebrospinal_meningitis__epidemic_meningitis__brain_fever__brainfever__cerebrospinal_fever__cerebrospinalfever meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
subtype: #leptomeningitis inflammation of the leptomeninges
subtype: #mumps__mump__epidemic_parotitis an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
subtype: #paratyphoid_fever__paratyphoidfever__paratyphoid any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
subtype: #acute_anterior_poliomyelitis__poliomyelitis__poliomyeliti__polio__infantileparalysi an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
subtype: #ratbite_fever__ratbitefever either of two infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of a rat or mouse; characterized by fever and headache and nausea and skin eruptions
subtype: #Haverhill_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
subtype: #sodoku__spirillum_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the Far East
subtype: #rickettsial_disease__rickettsialdisease__rickettsiosis__rickettsiosi infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
subtype: #typhus_fever__typhus rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
subtype: #murine_typhus__rat_typhus__urban_typhus__endemic_typhus acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
subtype: #spotted_fever__spottedfever any of several severe febrile diseases characterized by skin rashes or spots on the skin
subtype: #Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever__mountain_fever__tick_fever caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
subtype: #Q_fever an acute disease resembling influenza
subtype: #ricketsialpox mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox
subtype: #trench_fever marked by pain in muscles and joints and transmitted by lice
subtype: #tsutsugamushi_disease__tsutsugamushidisease__scrub_typhus transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
subtype: #relapsing_fever__recurrent_fever marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
subtype: #rheumatic_fever a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
subtype: #miliary_fever__miliaryfever__sweating_sickness epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
subtype: #tuberculosis__TB__T.B. infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
subtype: #Pott's_disease TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
subtype: #miliary_tuberculosis acute tuberculosis characterized by the appearance of tiny tubercles on one or more organs of the body (presumably resulting from tubercle bacilli being spread in the bloodstream)
subtype: #pulmonary_tuberculosis__consumption__phthisi__wasting_disease__wastingdisease__white_plague__whiteplague involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
subtype: #scrofula__struma__king's_evil a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
subtype: #lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: #typhoid_fever__typhoidfever__typhoid__enteric_fever__entericfever serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
subtype: #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: #yaws__frambesia__framboesia an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
subtype: #yellow_fever__yellow_jack__black_vomit__blackvomit caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito
subtype: #common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: #head_cold a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
subtype: #exanthema_subitum__exanthemasubitum__roseola_infantum__roseolainfantum__roseola_infantilis__pseudorubella a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
subtype: #respiratory_disease__respiratorydisease__respiratory_disorder__respiratorydisorder a disease affecting the respiratory system
subtype: #influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: #whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: #common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: #bronchial_asthma__bronchialasthma__asthma__asthma_attack respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
subtype: #status_asthmaticus a prolonged and severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatment
subtype: #bronchitis inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
subtype: #bronchiolitis__bronchioliti inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
subtype: #chronic_bronchitis a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow
subtype: #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: #pulmonary_emphysema__pulmonaryemphysema__emphysema an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
subtype: #chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: #pneumonia respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
subtype: #bronchopneumonia__bronchial_pneumonia pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
subtype: #aspiration_pneumonia bronchopneumonia resulting from foreign material (usually vomit or food particles) entering the bronchi
subtype: #lobar_pneumonia pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
subtype: #double_pneumonia lobar pneumonia involving both lungs
subtype: #Legionnaire's_disease acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
subtype: #pneumococcal_pneumonia pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
subtype: #pneumocytosis__pneumocytosi__pneumocystis_pneumonia__pneumocystis_carinii_pneumonia__interstitial_plasma_cell_pneumonia pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
subtype: #pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: #primary_atypical_pneumonia__atypical_pneumonia__mycoplasmal_pneumonia__mycoplasmalpneumonia an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
subtype: #parrot_fever__psittacosis__psittacosi__ornithosis an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
subtype: #interstitial_pneumonia chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
subtype: #pneumoconiosis__pneumonoconiosis chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
subtype: #anthracosis__anthracosi__black_lung__blacklung__blacklungdisease__coal_miner's_lung lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
subtype: #asbestosis lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
subtype: #siderosis__siderosi fibrosis of the lung caused by iron dust; occurs among welders and other metal workers
subtype: #silicosis__silicosi a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
subtype: #respiratory_distress_syndrome_of_the_newborn__respiratory_distress_syndrome__hyaline_membrane_disease an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
subtype: #genetic_disease__geneticdisease__genetic_disorder__geneticdisorder__genetic_abnormality__geneticabnormality__genetic_defect__geneticdefect__congenital_disease__inherited_disease__inheriteddisease__inherited_disorder__inheriteddisorder__hereditary_disease__hereditary_condition a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
subtype: #achondroplasia__achondroplasty__osteosclerosis_congenita__chondrodystrophy an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
subtype: #abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: #inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: #galactosemia a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
subtype: #lysinemia an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
subtype: #Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: #phenylketonuria__PKU a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
subtype: #Hirschsprung's_disease__congenital_megacolon congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
subtype: #mucopolysaccharidosis__mucopolysaccharidosi any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues
subtype: #Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
subtype: #hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: #ichthyosis any of several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike (dry and scaly)
subtype: #maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
subtype: #McArdle's_disease an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
subtype: #muscular_dystrophy__dystrophy any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
subtype: #Duchenne's_muscular_dystrophy__pseudohypertrophic_dystrophy the most common form of muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive (affecting only males)
subtype: #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: #myotonic_muscular_dystrophy__myotonia_atrophica__Steinert's_disease a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by facial weakness and drooping eyelids and difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips
subtype: #oligodactyly congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing
subtype: #oligodontia congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing
subtype: #otosclerosis hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
subtype: #autosomal_dominant_disease__autosomal_dominant_disorder a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
subtype: #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: #malignant_hyperthermia__malignanthyperthermia hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e.g., halothane) cause high body temperatures and muscle rigidity
subtype: #Marfan's_syndrome an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
subtype: #neurofibromatosis__neurofibromatosi__von_Recklinghausen's_disease autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
subtype: #osteogenesis_imperfecta autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily
subtype: #autosomal_recessive_disease__autosomalrecessivedisease__autosomal_recessive_defect__autosomalrecessivedefect a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome
subtype: #limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: #Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: #thrombasthenia a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results
subtype: #tyrosinemia autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation
subtype: #Werdnig-Hoffman_disease autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
subtype: #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: #Spielmeyer-Vogt_disease__juvenile_amaurotic_idiocy a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
subtype: #congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: #osteopetrosis__Albers-Schonberg_disease__marble_bones_disease an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
subtype: #nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
subtype: #dwarfism__nanism a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
subtype: #pycnodysostosis__pycnodysostosi a form of dwarfism accompanied by fragile bones and bad teeth
subtype: #lactose_intolerance__lactoseintolerance__lactase_deficiency__lactasedeficiency__milk_intolerance congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
subtype: #porphyria a genetic abnormality of metabolism causing abdominal pains and mental confusion
subtype: #hepatolenticular_degeneration__Wilson's_disease a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism; copper accumulates in the liver and then in the red blood cells and brain
subtype: #inflammatory_disease a disease characterized by inflammation
subtype: #necrotizing_enterocolitis__necrotizingenterocoliti__nec an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
subtype: #gastroenteritis__stomach_flu__intestinal_flu inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
subtype: #cholera_infantum__cholerainfantum often fatal form of gastroenteritis occurring in children; not true cholera but having similar symptoms
subtype: #pelvic_inflammatory_disease__PID inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
subtype: #empyema a collection of pus in a body cavity (especially in the lung cavity)
subtype: #purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: #pleurisy inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
subtype: #purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: #pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: #sore_throat__pharyngitis__raw_throat__rawthroat inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
subtype: #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: #angina any disease of the throat or fauces marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
subtype: #Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: #quinsy__peritonsillar_abscess__peritonsillarabsces a painful pus-filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
subtype: #croup__spasmodic_laryngitis a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
subtype: #arthritis__arthriti inflammation of a joint or joints
subtype: #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: #psoriatic_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
subtype: #Still's_disease__juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
subtype: #osteoarthritis__degenerative_arthritis__degenerative_joint_disease chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
subtype: #gout__gouty_arthritis__goutyarthriti__urarthritis__urarthriti a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
subtype: #spondylarthritis arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
subtype: #acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: #acne_rosacea__rosacea a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
subtype: #acne_vulgaris the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
subtype: #aspiration_penumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest)
subtype: #urinary_tract_infection__urinarytractinfection any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract
subtype: #cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
subtype: #pyelonephritis inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis caused by bacterial infection
subtype: #acute_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis resulting from the spread of a bladder infection
subtype: #chronic_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis that develops slowly and can lead to renal failure if untreated; often associated with a kidney stone or with narrowing of the urinary passageways
subtype: #urethritis inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination
subtype: #nongonococcal_urethritis__NGU sexually transmitted urethritis (usually caused by chlamydia)
subtype: #nonspecific_urethritis__NSU inflammation of the urethra of unknown cause
subtype: #autoimmune_disease__autoimmune_disorder any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
subtype: #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: #rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: #ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
subtype: #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: #Hashimoto's_disease autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
subtype: #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: #scleroderma__dermatosclerosis an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
subtype: #morphea localized scleroderma
subtype: #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: #deficiency_disease any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
subtype: #malnutrition a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods
subtype: #avitaminosis__hypovitaminosis__hypovitaminosi any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
subtype: #beriberi avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
subtype: #kakke_disease the endemic form of beriberi
subtype: #pellagra__Alpine_scurvy__mal_de_la_rosa__mal_rosso__malrosso__maidism__Saint_Ignatius'_itch a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
subtype: #rickets__rachitis childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
subtype: #scurvy a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
subtype: #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: #kwashiorkor severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein
subtype: #marasmus extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
subtype: #zinc_deficiency a deficiency caused by inadequate zinc in the diet or by liver disease or cystic fibrosis or other diseases
subtype: #fibrocystic_breast_disease__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_breast__cystic_breast_disease__cystic_mastitis the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
subtype: #goiter__goitre__struma__thyromegaly abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
subtype: #sandfly_fever__sandflyfever__pappataci_fever__phlebotomus a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
subtype: #skin_disease__disease_of_the_skin__skin_disorder__skin_problem__skin_condition a disease affecting the skin
subtype: #acantholysis a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
subtype: #acanthosis an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
subtype: #acanthosis_nigricans__keratosis_nigricans__keratosisnigrican a skin disease characterized by dark wart-like patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
subtype: #acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: #dermatosis disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)
subtype: #pityriasis any of several skin disorders characterized by shedding dry flakes of skin
subtype: #dandruff.pityriasis a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp
subtype: #pityriasis_alba common form of pityriasis (usually in children or young adults) characterized by round patches of depigmentation
subtype: #pityriasis_rosea pityriasis in which an itchy rash develops over the trunk and extremities
subtype: #eczema generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
subtype: #dermatitis inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
subtype: #actinic_dermatitis dermatitis caused exposure to sunlight
subtype: #atopic_dermatitis__atopic_eczema dermatitis characterized by atopy
subtype: #contact_dermatitis a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy)
subtype: #bubble_gum_dermatitis an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
subtype: #Rhus_dermatitis contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
subtype: #poison_ivy dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant
subtype: #poison_oak dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison oak plant
subtype: #poison_sumac dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison sumac plant
subtype: #cradle_cap a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants
subtype: #diaper_rash__diaper_dermatitis dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
subtype: #hypericism a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort
subtype: #neurodermatitis__neurodermatiti dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown
subtype: #schistosome_dermatitis__swimmer's_itch__swimmer'sitch a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes (human or animal)
subtype: #seborrheic_dermatitis__seborrheic_eczema a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
subtype: #allergic_eczema eczema caused by an allergic reaction
subtype: #baker's_eczema__baker'seczema allergic eczema caused by flour or other ingredients handled by bakers
subtype: #eczema_herpeticum eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children
subtype: #lichtenoid_eczema__chronic_eczema__chroniceczema__eczema_hypertrophicum eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
subtype: #erythroderma any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
subtype: #erythema abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
subtype: #erythema_multiforme a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen
subtype: #erythema_nodosum skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legs
subtype: #erythema_nodosum_leprosum__ENL an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
subtype: #hickey__love_bite a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
subtype: #erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: #windburn redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
subtype: #flare.erythroderma reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
subtype: #furunculosis acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
subtype: #impetigo a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
subtype: #jungle_rot skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
subtype: #keratoderma any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
subtype: #keratonosis any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
subtype: #keratosis__keratosi a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
subtype: #actinic_keratosis__actinickeratosi an overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
subtype: #keratosis_blennorrhagica__keratosisblennorrhagica__keratoderma_blennorrhagica__keratodermablennorrhagica skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
subtype: #keratosis_follicularis__Darier's_disease a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
subtype: #keratosis_pilaris__keratosispilari keratosis characterized by hard conical elevations in the openings of sebaceous glands (especially of arms and thighs)
subtype: #seborrheic_keratosis a skin condition characterized by circumscribed wartlike lesions that can be itchy and covered with a greasy crust
subtype: #leukoderma a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
subtype: #lichen.skin_disease any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
subtype: #lichen_planus__lichen_ruber_planus an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
subtype: #livedo skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
subtype: #lupus__lupu any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
subtype: #lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: #discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: #lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: #systemic_lupus_erythematosus__SLE__disseminated_lupus_erythematosus an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
subtype: #melanosis__melanosi__melanism a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
subtype: #molluscum any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
subtype: #molluscum_contagiosum__molluscumcontagiosum a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)
subtype: #necrobiosis_lipoidica_diabeticorum__necrobiosislipoidicadiabeticorum__necrobiosis_lipoidica__necrobiosislipoidica skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
subtype: #pemphigus__pemphigu a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
subtype: #prurigo chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
subtype: #psoriasis__psoriasi a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
subtype: #rhagades cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
subtype: #Saint_Anthony's_fire any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
subtype: #erysipelas an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: #seborrhea a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
subtype: #vitiligo an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
subtype: #xanthoma a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
subtype: #xanthelasma xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
subtype: #xanthoma_disseminatum rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
subtype: #xanthomatosis__xanthomatosi__xanthoma_multiplex__cholesterosis_cutis__cholesterosiscuti__lipid_granulomatosis__lipoid_granulomatosis widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
subtype: #xanthosis__xanthosi an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin
subtype: #malignancy__malignance (medical) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
subtype: #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: #carcinosarcoma a malignant neoplasm composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed
subtype: #cancer__malignant_neoplastic_disease any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
subtype: #lymphoma a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: #Hodgkin's_disease a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
subtype: #carcinoma any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: #liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: #adenocarcinoma__glandular_cancer__glandularcancer__glandular_carcinoma__glandularcarcinoma malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
subtype: #prostate_cancer__prostatic_adenocarcinoma__prostaticadenocarcinoma cancer of the prostate gland
subtype: #breast_cancer cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US
subtype: #carcinoma_in_situ__preinvasive_cancer__preinvasivecancer a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
subtype: #colon_cancer__coloncancer a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools
subtype: #embryonal_carcinoma malignant neoplasm of the testis
subtype: #endometrial_carcinoma__endometrialcarcinoma__endometrial_cancer__endometrialcancer cancer of the uterine lining
subtype: #malignant_hepatoma__malignanthepatoma__hepatoma__hepatocarcinoma__hepatocellular_carcinoma carcinoma of the liver
subtype: #lung_cancer carcinoma of the lungs; one of the commonest forms of cancer
subtype: #mesothelioma a rare form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
subtype: #oat_cell_carcinoma__small_cell_carcinoma highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
subtype: #oral_cancer malignant neoplasm of the lips of mouth; most common in men over the age of 60
subtype: #pancreatic_cancer cancer of the pancreas
subtype: #seminoma__testicular_cancer malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
subtype: #skin_cancer a malignant neoplasm of the skin
subtype: #cancroid__squamous_cell_carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer
subtype: #epithelioma a malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue
subtype: #malignant_melanoma__malignantmelanoma__melanoma any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
subtype: #trophoblastic_cancer__trophoblasticcancer malignant neoplasm of the uterus derived from the epithelium of the chorion
subtype: #leukemia__leukaemia__cancer_of_the_blood malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: #acute_leukemia__acuteleukemia rapidly progressing leukemia
subtype: #acute_lymphocytic_leukemia__acutelymphocyticleukemia__acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia__acutelymphoblasticleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
subtype: #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: #chronic_leukemia__chronicleukemia slowly progressing leukemia
subtype: #chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia__chroniclymphocyticleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
subtype: #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: #lymphocytic_leukemia__lymphocyticleukemia leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
subtype: #lymphoblastic_leukemia__lymphoblasticleukemia a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
subtype: #monocytic_leukemia__monocyticleukemia__monocytic_lukaemia__monocyticlukaemia__monoblastic_leukemia__monoblasticleukemia__monoblstic_leukaemia__histiocytic_leukemia__histiocyticleukemia__histiocytic_leukaemia__histiocyticleukaemia leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
subtype: #myeloblastic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by numerous myeloblasts in the blood stream
subtype: #myelocytic_leukemia__granulocytic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
subtype: #acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: #chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: #sarcoma a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: #chondrosarcoma a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
subtype: #Ewing's_sarcoma__Ewing's_tumor__Ewing's_tumour__endothelial_myeloma__endothelialmyeloma malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
subtype: #Kaposi's_sarcoma a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS; "until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men"
subtype: #leiomyosarcoma sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate
subtype: #liposarcoma sarcoma of fat cells
subtype: #myosarcoma sarcoma of muscle tissue
subtype: #neurosarcoma__malignant_neuroma__malignantneuroma a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
subtype: #osteosarcoma__osteogenic_sarcoma malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
subtype: #rhabdomyosarcoma__rhabdosrcoma a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
subtype: #embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma__embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma__embryonal_rhabdosarcoma__embryonalrhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
subtype: #alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma__alveolar_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occuring mainly in adolescents and young adults
subtype: #pleomorphic_rhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphic_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
subtype: #Wilms'_tumor__Wilms_tumour__adenomyosarcoma__nephroblastoma__embryoma_of_the_kidney malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
subtype: #retinoblastoma malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
subtype: #eye_disease__eyedisease any disease of the eye
subtype: #glaucoma increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
subtype: #acute_glaucoma__acuteglaucoma__angle-closure_glaucoma__angleclosureglaucoma glaucoma in which the iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor
subtype: #chronic_glaucoma__chronicglaucoma__open-angle_glaucoma glaucoma caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; produces gradual loss of peripheral vision
subtype: #keratonosus__keratonosu any disease of the cornea
subtype: #trachoma a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue
subtype: #leukoma eye disease consisting of an opaque white spot on the cornea
subtype: #cataract clouding of the natural lens of the eye
subtype: #animal_disease a disease that typically does not affect human beings
subtype: #warble a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly
subtype: #anaplasmosis a disease of cattle that is transmitted by cattle ticks; similar to Texas fever
subtype: #brooder_pneumonia__brooderpneumonia__aspergillosis__aspergillosi severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys
subtype: #bighead any of various diseases of animals characterized by edema of the head and neck
subtype: #bull_nose a disease of pigs resulting in swelling of the snout
subtype: #canine_chorea__chorea chorea in dogs
subtype: #costiasis__costiasi a fatal disease of fresh-water fish caused by a flagellated protozoan invading the skin
subtype: #cowpox__vaccinia a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
subtype: #creeps.animal_disease a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait
subtype: #hemorrhagic_septicemia__hemorrhagicsepticemia__pasteurellosis an acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection
subtype: #fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: #fowl_pest an acute viral disease of domestic fowl; characterized by refusal to each and high temperature and discoloration of the comb
subtype: #hog_cholera highly infectious virus disease of swine
subtype: #distemper any of various infectious diseases of animals
subtype: #canine_distemper a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation
subtype: #equine_distemper__strangles__strangle an acute bacterial disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes
subtype: #enterotoxemia a disease of cattle and sheep that is attributed to toxins absorbed from the intestines
subtype: #foot-and-mouth_disease__hoof-and-mouth_disease acute contagious disease of cloven-footed animals marked by ulcers in the mouth and around the hoofs
subtype: #foot_rot contagious degenerative infection of the feet of hoofed animals (especially cattle and sheep)
subtype: #black_disease__blackdisease__sheep_rot__sheeprot__liver_rot__liverrot__distomatosis a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products
subtype: #heaves__broken_wind a chronic emphysema of the horse that causes difficult expiration and heaving of the flanks
subtype: #red_water__redwater a disease of cattle; characterized by hematuria
subtype: #rhinotracheitis__rhinotracheiti an respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cattle
subtype: #rinderpest__cattle_plague an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes
subtype: #scours diarrhea in livestock
subtype: #bovine_spongiform_encephalitis__BSE__mad_cow_disease__madcowdisease a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
subtype: #scrapie a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
subtype: #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: #spavin a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness
subtype: #blood_spavin__bloodspavin spavin caused by distension of the veins
subtype: #bog_spavin__bogspavin spavin caused by collection of fluids
subtype: #bone_spavin spavin caused by a bony growth
subtype: #loco_disease__locoism a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis
subtype: #mange an persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
subtype: #moon_blindness__mooneye recurrent eye inflammation in horses; sometimes resulting in blindness
subtype: #murrain any plaguelike disease of domestic animals
subtype: #myxomatosis__myxomatosi a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits
subtype: #Newcastle_disease disease of domestic fowl and other birds
subtype: #pip.animal_disease a disease of poultry
subtype: #psittacosis__psittacosi__parrot_disease infectious disease of birds
subtype: #pullorum_disease__bacillary_white_diarrhea__bacillarywhitediarrhea__bacillary_white_diarrhoea__bacillarywhitediarrhoea a serious bacterial disease of young chickens
subtype: #saddle_sore.animal_disease__saddlesore__gall an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle
subtype: #sand_crack a fissure in the wall of a horse's hoof often causing lameness
subtype: #toe_crack__toecrack a crack on the forepart of a horse's hindfoot
subtype: #quarter_crack__quartercrack a crack on the inside of a horse's forefoot
subtype: #sweating_sickness a disease of cattle (especially calves)
subtype: #Texas_fever an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by the cattle tick
subtype: #trembles__milk_sickness disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot
subtype: #zoonosis an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: #actinomycosis__actinomycosi disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
subtype: #cervicofacial_actinomycosis__cervicofacialactinomycosi__lumpy_jaw__lumpyjaw the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
subtype: #thoracic_actinomycosis a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
subtype: #abdominal_actinomycosis__abdominalactinomycosi a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
subtype: #anthrax__splenic_fever__splenicfever a highly infectious animal disease (especially cattle and sheep); it can be transmitted to people
subtype: #brucellosis__contagious_abortion__Bang's_disease an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings
subtype: #glanders a destructive and contagious bacterial disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: #Lyme_disease__Lyme_arthritis an acute inflammatory disease characterized by a rash with joint swelling and fever; caused by bacteria carried by the bite of a deer tick
subtype: #Marburg_disease__Marburg-ebola_disease__green_monkey_disease a viral disease of green monkeys; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
subtype: #rabies__hydrophobia__madness an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain
subtype: #swamp_fever__swampfever__leptospirosis__leptospirosi an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
subtype: #canicola_fever an acute feverish disease in people and in dogs marked by gastroenteritis and mild jaundice
subtype: #Weil's_disease a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
subtype: #tularemia__tularaemia__rabbit_fever__deer_fly_fever__yatobyo disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals
subtype: #plant_disease__plantdisease a disease that affects plants
subtype: #blight any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
subtype: #alder_blight__alderblight a disease of alders caused by the woolly alder aphid (a plant louse)
subtype: #apple_blight__appleblight__apple_canker__applecanker a disease of apple trees
subtype: #beet_blight a disease of beet plants
subtype: #blister_blight__blisterblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: #blister_blight.blight__blisterblight a disease of Scotch pines
subtype: #cane_blight a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
subtype: #chestnut_blight__chestnut_canker__chestnut-bark_disease a disease of American chestnut trees
subtype: #coffee_blight a blight affecting the coffee plant
subtype: #collar_blight a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
subtype: #halo_spot__halo_blight__bean_blight a blight of bean plants
subtype: #halo_blight a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
subtype: #head_blight a blight of the heads of cereals
subtype: #wheat_scab__wheatscab a disease of the heads of wheat plants
subtype: #late_blight blight in which symptoms appear late in the growing season especially a disease of solanaceous plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans
subtype: #celery_blight a fungous leaf spot disease of the celery plant
subtype: #leaf_blight any blight causing a browning and falling of the leaves of a plant
subtype: #fire_blight__pear_blight a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
subtype: #blight_canker a phase of fire blight in which cankers appear
subtype: #needle_blight__needle_cast__leaf_cast a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
subtype: #peach_blight__peachblight a disease of trees bearing drupes
subtype: #potato_blight__potato_mold__potato_disease__potato_mildew__potato_murrain a blight of potatoes
subtype: #rim_blight__rimblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: #spinach_blight__spinachblight a disease of spinach plants
subtype: #spur_blight a disease of raspberries
subtype: #stem_blight a fungous blight attacking the stems of plants
subtype: #stripe_blight a disease of oats
subtype: #thread_blight a disease of tropical woody plants(cocoa or tea or citrus)
subtype: #tomato_blight__tomato_yellows a disease of tomato plants
subtype: #twig_blight a disease of the ends of twigs of woody plants
subtype: #walnut_blight a disease of English walnut trees
subtype: #rust a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems caused by a rust fungus
subtype: #white_pine_blister_rust__whitepineblisterrust__blister_rust__blisterrust__white-pine_rust__whitepinerust any of several diseases of pines caused by rust fungi of the genus Cronartium and marked by destructive invasion of bark and sapwood and producing blisters externally
subtype: #blackheart any of various diseases in which the central tissues blacken
subtype: #black_knot__blackknot disease of plum and cherry trees characterized by black excrescences on the branches
subtype: #black_rot__blackrot a fungous disease causing darkening and decay of the leaves of fruits and vegetables
subtype: #black_spot__blackspot any of several fungous diseases of plants that produce small black spots on the plant
subtype: #bottom_rot fungous disease of lettuce that first rots lower leaves and spreads upward
subtype: #brown_rot__brownrot any of certain fungous diseases of plants characterized by browning and decay of tissues
subtype: #brown_rot_gummosis__gummosis disease of citrus trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora citrophthora
subtype: #ring_rot__ring_disease__tobacco_wilt__tobaccowilt disease of tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum
subtype: #gummosis pathological production of gummy exudates in citrus and various stone-fruit trees
subtype: #cotton_ball a fungus disease of cranberries
subtype: #crown_gall__crowngall a bacterial disease of plants (especially pome and stone fruits and grapes and roses) which forms excrescences on the stem near the ground
subtype: #hairy_root__hairyroot a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
subtype: #crown_wart__crownwart a fungous disease of alfalfa which forms white excrescences at the base of the stem
subtype: #damping_off__dampingoff a plant disease caused by a fungus; diseased condition of seedlings in excessive moisture
subtype: #dieback a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches
subtype: #dry_rot.plant_disease__dryrot a crumbling and drying of timber or bulbs or potatoes or fruit caused by a fungus
subtype: #heartrot any plant disease in which the central part of a plant rots (especially in trees)
subtype: #mosaic.plant_disease viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes; potatoes; tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
subtype: #potato_mosaic a disease of the leaves of potato plants
subtype: #tobacco_mosaic__tobaccomosaic a plant disease causing discoloration of the leaves of tobacco plants
subtype: #rhizoctinia_disease__rhizoctiniadisease disease caused by rhizoctinia or fungi of Pellicularia and Corticium
subtype: #little_potato__rosette__russet_scab__stem_canker rhizoctinia disease of potatoes
subtype: #pink_disease serious bark disease of many tropical crop trees (coffee; citrus; rubber); branches have a covering of pink hyphae
subtype: #potato_wart fungous disease causing dark warty spongy excrescences in the eyes of potato tubers
subtype: #root_rot disease characterized by root decay; caused by various fungi
subtype: #sweet-potato_ring_rot disease of sweet potatoes in which roots are girdled by rings of dry rot
subtype: #sclerotium_disease__sclerotium_rot plant disease cause by fungi of the genus Sclerotium; also one in which sclerotia are formed
subtype: #Dutch_elm_disease disease of elms caused by a fungus
subtype: #ergot a plant disease caused by the ergot fungus
subtype: #foot_rot.plant_disease__footrot plant disease in which the stem or trunk rots at the base
subtype: #pinkroot a fungal disease of onions
subtype: #wilt_disease__wilt any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots
subtype: #granville_wilt__granvillewilt a bacterial wilt of tobacco plants
subtype: #fusarium_wilt caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium
subtype: #verticilliosis caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium
subtype: #smut destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores
subtype: #loose_smut.smut__loosesmut disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores
subtype: #stinking_smut__bunt disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores
subtype: #flag_smut smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
subtype: #green_smut__greensmut__false_smut__falsesmut disease of rice; grains covered by a green powder consisting of conidia
subtype: #soft_rot mushy or slimy decay of plants caused by bacteria or fungi
subtype: #leak.soft_rot soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
subtype: #yellow_dwarf any of several virus diseases of plants characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves
subtype: #yellow_dwarf_of_potato__potato_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of potato plants
subtype: #onion_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of onion plants
subtype: #yellow_spot any of several fungous or viral diseases characterized by yellow spotting on the leaves
subtype: #tomato_streak disease of a wide range of plants (tomatoes; potatoes; peas) resulting from a mixed infection of potato and tomato mosaic
subtype: #ozena__ozaena a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures
subtype: #filariasis a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels
subtype: #hypermotility excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: #indisposition a slight illness
subtype: #ozone_sickness illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
subtype: #toxemia_of_pregnancy__toxaemia_of_pregnancy__toxemia__toxaemia an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
subtype: #eclampsia a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
subtype: #preeclampsia__pre-eclampsia__preeclampsia abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
subtype: #growth.illness (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
subtype: #exostosis__exostosi a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)
subtype: #polypus__polyp a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
subtype: #adenomatous_polyp__adenomatouspolyp a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium; "adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum"
subtype: #sessile_polyp__sessilepolyp a relatively flat polyp
subtype: #pedunculated_polyp a polyp with a stalk or peduncle
subtype: #peduncle.growth the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
subtype: #tumor__tumour__neoplasm an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
subtype: #acanthoma__skin_tumor a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
subtype: #keratoacanthoma skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar
subtype: #adenoma a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
subtype: #fibroadenoma benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen
subtype: #angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: #hemangioma__haemangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
subtype: #strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
subtype: #lymphangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
subtype: #spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
subtype: #benign_tumor__benign_tumour__nonmalignant_tumor__nonmalignant_tumout__nonmalignant_neoplasm a tumor that is not cancerous
subtype: #chondroma a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
subtype: #myxoma a benign tumor of connective tissue containing jellylike material
subtype: #osteoblastoma benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)
subtype: #osteochondroma benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
subtype: #blastoma__blastocytoma__embryonal_carcinosarcoma__embryonalcarcinosarcoma a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
subtype: #brain_tumor__braintumor__brain_tumour__braintumour a tumor in the brain
subtype: #glioblastoma__spongioblastoma a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
subtype: #glioma a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia
subtype: #carcinoid a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin
subtype: #celioma an abdominal tumor
subtype: #enchondroma benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
subtype: #fibroma nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue
subtype: #fibroid_tumor__fibroidtumor benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
subtype: #granuloma a tumor composed of granulation tissue resulting from injury or inflammation or infection
subtype: #gumma a small rubbery granuloma that is characteristic of an advanced stage of syphilis
subtype: #lipoma__adipose_tumor__adiposetumor a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
subtype: #malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: #meningioma a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant
subtype: #myeloma a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
subtype: #multiple_myeloma myeloma that develops in several places at the same time
subtype: #myoma a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue
subtype: #leiomyoma benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
subtype: #rhabdomyoma benign rumor of striated muscle
subtype: #neurinoma tumor (usually benign) of the sheath surrounding a nerve
subtype: #neuroblastoma malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly
subtype: #neuroepithelioma malignant tumor of the neuroepithelium
subtype: #neurofibroma__neurilemoma tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
subtype: #neuroma any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
subtype: #osteoma a tumor of bone tissue
subtype: #papilloma__villoma__papillary_tumor__papillarytumor__papillary_tumour__papillarytumour a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
subtype: #pheochromocytoma__phaeochromocytoma a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
subtype: #pinealoma tumor of the pineal gland
subtype: #plasmacytoma neoplasm of plasma cells (usually in bone marrow)
subtype: #psammoma__sand_tumor a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sand-like particles
subtype: #teratoma a tumor consisting of a mixture of tissues not normally found at that site
subtype: #hamartoma a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
subtype: #invalidism chronic ill health
subtype: #biliousness gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
subtype: #infection invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation
subtype: #enterobiasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
subtype: #felon__whitlow a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
subtype: #focal_infection__focalinfection bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
subtype: #fungal_infection__mycosis__mycosi an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
subtype: #blastomycosis__blastomycosi any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
subtype: #chromoblastomycosis__chromoblastomycosi a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
subtype: #tinea__ringworm__roundworm infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
subtype: #dhobi_itch__dhobiitch fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
subtype: #kerion ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that is usually results in a pustule-covered swelling that oozes fluid
subtype: #tinea_pedis__tineapedi__athlete's_foot__athlete'sfoot fungal infection of the feet
subtype: #tinea_barbae__tineabarbae__barber's_itch fungal infection of the face and neck
subtype: #tinea_capitis__tineacapiti fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
subtype: #tinea_corporis fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
subtype: #tinea_cruris__jock_itch__eczema_marginatum fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
subtype: #tinea_unguium__tineaunguium fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
subtype: #coccidioidomycosis__coccidiomycosis__valley_fever__desert_rheumatism an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
subtype: #cryptococcosis a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
subtype: #candidiasis__candidiasi__moniliasis__monilia_disease__moniliadisease an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
subtype: #thrush.candidiasis candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
subtype: #dermatomycosis__dermatophytosis__dermatophytosi fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
subtype: #favus__favu a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
subtype: #keratomycosis__keratomycosi fungal infection of the cornea
subtype: #phycomycosis any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
subtype: #sporotrichosis a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
subtype: #rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: #opportunistic_infection__opportunisticinfection any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
subtype: #aspergillosis.opportunistic_infection__aspergillosi an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs
subtype: #paronychia infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
subtype: #protozoal_infection__protozoalinfection any infection caused by a protozoan
subtype: #malaria an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever
subtype: #blackwater_fever severe and often fatal malaria characterized by kidney damage resulting in dark urine
subtype: #jungle_fever severe form of malaria occurring in tropical regions
subtype: #amebiasis__amebiasi__amoebiasis__amebiosis__amebiosi__amoebiosis infection by a disease-causing ameba
subtype: #amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: #giardiasis infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
subtype: #leishmaniasis__leishmaniasi__leishmaniosis__leishmaniosi sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania
subtype: #visceral_leishmaniasis__kala-azar__Assam_fever__dumdum_fever leishmaniasis of the viscera
subtype: #cutaneous_leishmaniasis__Old_World_leishmaniasis__oriental_sore__tropical_sore__Delhi_boil__Aleppo_boil leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
subtype: #mucocutaneous_leishmaniasis__mucocutaneousleishmaniasi__New_World_leishmaniasis__newworldleishmaniasi__American_leishmaniasis__leishmaniasis_americana__leishmaniasisamericana__nasopharyngeal_leishmaniasis a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
subtype: #trichomoniasis infection of the vagina
subtype: #respiratory_tract_infection__respiratorytractinfection__respiratory_infection__respiratoryinfection any infection of the respiratory tract
subtype: #lower_respiratory_infection__lowerrespiratoryinfection infection of the lower respiratory tract
subtype: #upper_respiratory_infection__upperrespiratoryinfection infection of the upper respiratory tract
subtype: #scabies__itch a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch"
subtype: #schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
subtype: #sepsis the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
subtype: #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: #sapremia__sapraemia blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrified matter
subtype: #sore an open skin infection
subtype: #blain an inflammatory swelling or sore
subtype: #chilblain__chilblains__pernio inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
subtype: #kibe ulcerated chilblain on the heel
subtype: #chancre a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)
subtype: #fester__suppurating_sore__suppuratingsore a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
subtype: #gall.sore a skin sore caused by chafing
subtype: #saddle_sore sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
subtype: #staphylococcal_infection an infection with Staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
subtype: #furuncle__boil a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
subtype: #gumboil a boil or abscess on the gums
subtype: #carbuncle an infection larger than a boil and with several openings for discharge of pus
subtype: #streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: #sty__stye__hordeolum__eye_infection__eyeinfection an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
subtype: #superinfection infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
subtype: #suprainfection secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
subtype: #tapeworm_infection intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
subtype: #lockjaw__tetanus__tetanu an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
subtype: #toxoplasmosis__toxoplasmosi infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
subtype: #viral_infection__viralinfection__virus_infection__virusinfection infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
subtype: #hemorrhagic_fever__hemorrhagicfever__haemorrhagic_fever a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
subtype: #herpangia a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time
subtype: #Rift_Valley_fever a viral infection common in Africa; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
subtype: #viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: #heatstroke__heat_hyperpyrexia collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
subtype: #heat_exhaustion__heat_prostration__prostration a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
subtype: #sunstroke__insolation__thermic_fever__thermicfever__siriasis sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
subtype: #pathology any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
subtype: #acidosis abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: #ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
subtype: #metabolic_acidosis acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
subtype: #respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
subtype: #starvation_acidosis acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
subtype: #alkalosis__alkalosi abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: #metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
subtype: #respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
subtype: #ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
subtype: #arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia an abnormal distension of an artery
subtype: #asynergy__asynergia absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
subtype: #asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
subtype: #diverticulosis presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
subtype: #flux.pathology excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
subtype: #fluorosis__fluorosi a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
subtype: #gammopathy a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
subtype: #glossolalia repetitive nonsense speech
subtype: #angiopathy any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
subtype: #angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: #angiitis inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
subtype: #idiopathic_disease__idiopathy any disease of unknown cause
subtype: #aphagia loss of the ability to swallow
subtype: #stenosis__stricture abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
subtype: #aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: #enterostenosis abnormal narrowing of the intestine
subtype: #Laryngostenosis abnormal narrowing of the larynx
subtype: #pulmonary_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
subtype: #pyloric_stenosis narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
subtype: #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: #ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi stenosis of the ureter
subtype: #atherogenesis__atherogenesi the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
subtype: #ascites__ascite accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
subtype: #azymia absence of an enzyme
subtype: #bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
subtype: #sclerosis__sclerosi__induration any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
subtype: #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: #amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
subtype: #arteriolosclerosis sclerosis of the arterioles
subtype: #arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease sclerosis of the arterial walls
subtype: #atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
subtype: #arteriosclerosis_obliterans a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
subtype: #osteosclerosis abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
subtype: #lipomatosis__lipomatosi pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
subtype: #lithiasis__lithiasi the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
subtype: #cholelithiasis the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
subtype: #enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi the presence of calculi in the intestines
subtype: #nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
subtype: #nephrocalcinosis renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
subtype: #cartilaginification abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
subtype: #cyst a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
subtype: #dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
subtype: #galactocele a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
subtype: #hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst a cyst containing blood
subtype: #cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
subtype: #hydatid cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
subtype: #nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
subtype: #ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
subtype: #ranula a cyst on the underside of the tongue
subtype: #sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
subtype: #chalazion__Meibomian_cyst a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
subtype: #endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
subtype: #adhesion abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
subtype: #symphysis.adhesion__symphysi an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
subtype: #synechia adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
subtype: #anterior_synechia adhesion between the iris and the cornea
subtype: #posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia adhesion between the iris and the lens
subtype: #hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
subtype: #classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi inherited form of hemochromatosis
subtype: #acquired_hemochromatosis hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
subtype: #infarct__infarction localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
subtype: #myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
subtype: #macrocytosis the presence of macrocytes in the blood
subtype: #fibrosis development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
subtype: #cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: #myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi fibrosis of the bone marrow
subtype: #malacia a state of abnormal softening of tissue
subtype: #osteomalacia abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
subtype: #neuropathy any pathology of the peripheral nerves
subtype: #mononeuropathy any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
subtype: #multiple_mononeuropathy pathology of several individual nerve trunks
subtype: #myopathy any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
subtype: #osteoporosis abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
subtype: #priapism condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
subtype: #demineralization__demineralisation abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
subtype: #pyorrhea__pyorrhoea discharge of pus
subtype: #uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
subtype: #azoturia excess of urea in the urine
subtype: #lesion any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
subtype: #tubercle a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
subtype: #ulcer__ulceration a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
subtype: #aphthous_ulcer a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
subtype: #bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
subtype: #chancroid infectious venereal ulcer
subtype: #peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
subtype: #duodenal_ulcer a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
subtype: #gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer a peptic ulcer of the stomach
subtype: #canker an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
subtype: #noli-me-tangere a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
subtype: #noma acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
subtype: #gangrene__sphacelus__slough necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
subtype: #hyperbilirubinemia abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
subtype: #hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
subtype: #palilalia a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
subtype: #reflux an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
subtype: #gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
subtype: #hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
subtype: #ureterorenal_reflux a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
subtype: #vesicoureteral_reflux a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
subtype: #otorrhea discharge from the external ear
subtype: #rhinopathy any disease or malformation of the nose
subtype: #rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: #rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
subtype: #rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: #hydronephrosis accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
subtype: #atelectasis collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
subtype: #anoxemia abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
subtype: #coprolalia an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
subtype: #autoimmunity production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
subtype: #dysfunction (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
subtype: #erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: #paralysis__paralysi__palsy loss of the ability to move a body part
subtype: #akinesis__akinesia motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
subtype: #alalia paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
subtype: #cystoplegia__cystoparalysis paralysis of the urinary bladder
subtype: #diplegia paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
subtype: #Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
subtype: #monoplegia paralysis of a single limb
subtype: #ophthalmoplegia paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
subtype: #paresis__paresi a slight or partial paralysis
subtype: #paraparesis__paraparesi a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
subtype: #paraplegia paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
subtype: #hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis paralysis of one side of the body
subtype: #quadriplegia paralysis of both arms and both legs
subtype: #sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
subtype: #carotenemia excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
subtype: #stasis.pathology an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
subtype: #uropathy any pathology of the urinary tract
subtype: #kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis a disease affecting the kidneys
subtype: #nephritis__Bright's_disease an inflammation of the kidney
subtype: #glomerulonephritis nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
subtype: #nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
subtype: #polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
subtype: #polyuria renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
subtype: #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: #acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
subtype: #chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
subtype: #renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
subtype: #varicosis__varicosi pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
subtype: #viremia__viraemia the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
subtype: #volvulus abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
subtype: #affliction.ill_health a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
subtype: #deformity__malformation__misshapenness__misshapennes an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
subtype: #Arnold-Chiari_deformity deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
subtype: #clawfoot__pes_cavus__pescavu a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
subtype: #cleft_foot__cleftfoot a deformity in which the space between the third and fourth toes extends up into the foot
subtype: #clubfoot__talipes__talipe congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
subtype: #talipes_valgus deformity of the foot in which the foot is twisted outward
subtype: #talipes_equinus__talipesequinu talipes in which the toes are pointed downward
subtype: #talipes_calcaneus__talipescalcaneu talipes in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks on the heel of the foot
subtype: #pigeon_breast__chicken_breast__chickenbreast abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
subtype: #plagiocephaly congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
subtype: #scaphocephaly congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
subtype: #harm__injury__hurt__trauma any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
subtype: #bleeding__hemorrhage__haemorrhage flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels
subtype: #hemorrhagic_stroke__hemorrhagicstroke__haemorrhagic_stroke stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
subtype: #cerebral_hemorrhage bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain
subtype: #blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
subtype: #hyphema bleeding into the interior chamber of the eye
subtype: #metrorrhagia bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)
subtype: #nosebleed__epistaxis__epistaxi bleeding from the nose
subtype: #ulemorrhagia bleeding of the gums
subtype: #bruise__contusion an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
subtype: #ecchymosis.bruise the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
subtype: #petechia a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
subtype: #black_eye__blackeye__shiner a bruise caused by a blow to the eye
subtype: #bump a lump on the body caused by a blow
subtype: #burn.harm an injury cause by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
subtype: #electric_burn a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
subtype: #singe__scorch a surface burn
subtype: #scald.burn a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
subtype: #first-degree_burn burn causing redness of the skin surface
subtype: #erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: #second-degree_burn burn causing blisters on the skin and superficial destruction of the dermis
subtype: #third-degree_burn burn characterized by destruction of both epidermis and dermis
subtype: #dislocation a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
subtype: #abarticulation dislocation of a joint
subtype: #diastasis separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone
subtype: #spondylolisthesis__spondylolisthesi a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
subtype: #electric_shock.harm__electricshock trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
subtype: #fracture__break breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall"
subtype: #comminuted_fracture fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
subtype: #complete_fracture break involving the entire width of the bone
subtype: #compound_fracture__open_fracture bone fracture associated with lacerated soft tissue or an open wound
subtype: #compression_fracture__compressionfracture fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
subtype: #depressed_fracture__depressedfracture fracture of the skull where the bone is pushed in
subtype: #displaced_fracture__displacedfracture fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another
subtype: #fatigue_fracture__fatiguefracture__stress_fracture fracture resulting from excessive activity rather than a specific injury
subtype: #incomplete_fracture fracture that does not go across the entire width of the bone
subtype: #greenstick_fracture a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children); the bone is bent but broken on only one side
subtype: #impacted_fracture fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end
subtype: #simple_fracture__closed_fracture an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones to not pierce the skin
subtype: #frostbite__cryopathy destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
subtype: #trenchfoot__immersion_foot__immersionfoot resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet
subtype: #intravasation entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
subtype: #pinch an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
subtype: #rupture.harm state of being torn or burst open
subtype: #hernia__herniation rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
subtype: #colpocele__vaginocele hernia projecting into the vagina
subtype: #cystocele__colpocystocele hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth
subtype: #rectocele__proctocele protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth
subtype: #diverticulum a herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ (especially the colon)
subtype: #Meckel's_diverticulum a congenital diverticulum in the ileum resulting from incomplete closure of the yolk sac
subtype: #eventration protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall
subtype: #exomphalos an umbilical hernia at birth in which some abdominal organs push into the umbilical cord
subtype: #hiatus_hernia__hiatal_hernia__diaphragmatic_hernia__diaphragmatichernia hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
subtype: #inguinal_hernia hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males
subtype: #keratocele hernia of the cornea
subtype: #laparocele hernia through the abdomen
subtype: #umbilical_hernia__umbilicalhernia__omphalocele protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth
subtype: #herniated_disc__herniateddisc__ruptured_intervertebral_disc__slipped_disc__slippeddisc a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
subtype: #insect_bite__sting__bite a painful wound caused by the thrust of a stinger into skin
subtype: #bee_sting__beesting a sting inflicted by a bee
subtype: #flea_bite.insect_bite__fleabite sting inflicted by a flea
subtype: #mosquito_bite a sting inflicted by a mosquito
subtype: #strain.harm injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
subtype: #whiplash_injury__whiplash an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
subtype: #wale__welt__weal__wheal a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
subtype: #wound__lesion any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision
subtype: #raw_wound__rawwound a wound that exposes subcutaneous tissue
subtype: #stigmata marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
subtype: #scratch__scrape__excoriation an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
subtype: #graze a superficial abrasion
subtype: #rope_burn abrasion (usually on the hands) caused by friction from a rope
subtype: #cut.wound__gash__slash__slice a wound made by cutting; "he put a bandage over the cut"
subtype: #laceration.wound a torn ragged wound
subtype: #bite a wound resulting from biting
subtype: #dog_bite__dogbite a bite inflicted by a dog
subtype: #snakebite a bite inflicted by a (venomous) snake
subtype: #wrench__twist__pull a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; "the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"; "he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
subtype: #sprain a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
subtype: #poor_shape__unfitness__unfitnes__badcondition poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition
subtype: #infirmity__frailty__debility__feebleness__frailness__frailnes the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
subtype: #asthenia__astheny an abnormal loss of strength
subtype: #cachexia__cachexy__wasting any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
subtype: #disability__disablement__handicap__impairment the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; "reading disability"; "hearing impairment"
subtype: #bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara__tibiavara a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
subtype: #anorgasmia absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
subtype: #disability_of_walking a disability that interferes with or prevents walking
subtype: #abasia inability to walk
subtype: #abasia_trepidans abasia due to trembling of the legs
subtype: #atactic_abasia__atacticabasia__ataxic_abasia abasia due to ataxia of the legs
subtype: #choreic_abasia__choreicabasia abasia related to abnormal movements of the legs
subtype: #paralytic_abasia__paralyticabasia abasia related to paralysis of the leg muscles
subtype: #paroxysmal_trepidant_abasia abasia related to spasticity of the legs
subtype: #spastic_abasia__spasticabasia abasia due to spastic contractions of the leg muscles
subtype: #lameness__limping__gimp__gimpiness__gimpines__gamenes__claudication disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet
subtype: #intermittent_claudication lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate; pain subsides with rest
subtype: #astasia inability to stand due to muscular incoordination
subtype: #amputation.disability a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs
subtype: #hearing_impairment__hearingimpairment__hearing_loss impairment of the sense of hearing
subtype: #deafness partial or complete loss of hearing
subtype: #tone_deafness an inability to distinguish differences in pitch
subtype: #deaf-mutism__deaf-muteness congenital deafness that results in inability to speak
subtype: #conductive_hearing_loss__conduction_deafness__middle-ear_deafness hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear
subtype: #sensorineural_hearing_loss__nerve_deafness hearing loss due to failure of the auditory nerve
subtype: #dysomia impairment of the sense of smell
subtype: #anosmia absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
subtype: #hyposmia lessened sensitivity to odors
subtype: #visual_impairment__visual_defect__vision_defect__visual_disorder impairment of the sense of sight
subtype: #amaurosis__amaurosi partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
subtype: #amblyopia visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
subtype: #ametropia (ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
subtype: #myopia__nearsightedness__nearsightednes__shortsightednes (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
subtype: #astigmia__astigmatism (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea
subtype: #keratectasia abnormal bulging of the cornea of the eye
subtype: #keratoconus__keratoconu abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea of the eye; can be treated by epikeratophakia
subtype: #hyperopia__hypermetropia__hypermetropy__farsightedness__longsightedness__longsightednes abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
subtype: #presbyopia farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
subtype: #aniseikonia visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
subtype: #anorthopia distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
subtype: #aphakia absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
subtype: #blindness__blindnes__sightlessnes lack of sight
subtype: #anopia sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
subtype: #snowblindness__snowblindnes temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
subtype: #eyelessness__eyelessnes blindness due to loss of the eyes
subtype: #figural_blindness__figuralblindnes inability to see shapes and contours
subtype: #color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
subtype: #dichromacy__dichromatism__dichromatopsia__dichromia__dichromasy a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
subtype: #red-green_dichromacy__redgreendichromacy__red-gree_color_blindness confusion of red and green
subtype: #deuteranopia__Daltonism__green-blindness dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
subtype: #protanopia__red-blindness__redblindnes dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
subtype: #yellow-blue_dichromacy__yellow-blue_color_blindness confusion of yellow and blue
subtype: #tetartanopia__yellow-blindness a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
subtype: #tritanopia__blue-blindness rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
subtype: #monochromacy__monochromatism__monochromatic_vision__monochromaticvision__monochromia__monochromasy complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
subtype: #diplopia__double_vision visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects; "diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered"
subtype: #hemeralopia__dayblindnes inability to see clearly in bright light
subtype: #hemianopia__hemianopsia blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
subtype: #quadrantanopia blindness in one fourth of the visual field
subtype: #metamorphopsia a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
subtype: #nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: #photoretinitis damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
subtype: #retinal_detachment__retinaldetachment__detachment_of_the_retina__detached_retina visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
subtype: #tunnel_vision visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
subtype: #xanthopsia visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
subtype: #prolapse__prolapsus__prolapsu__descensus__descensu the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus)
subtype: #enteroptosis an abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity
subtype: #glossoptosis abnormal downward or back placement of the tongue
subtype: #metroptosis__descensus_uteri prolapse of the uterus
subtype: #nephroptosis__nephroptosia prolapse of the kidney
subtype: #ptosis drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
subtype: #ureterocele prolapse of the end of the ureter into the bladder; may obstruct urine flow
subtype: #urethrocele prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
subtype: #hypoesthesia__hypesthesia impairment of tactile sensitivity; decrease of sensitivity
subtype: #knock-knee__knockknee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga__tibiavalga by inward slant of the thigh
subtype: #pigeon_toes disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee
subtype: #bow_leg__bowleg__bow_legs__bandy_legs outward curvature of the legs
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