#Germanic_language__Germanic  a branch of the Indo-European family of languages; members that are spoken currently fall into two major groups: Scandinavian and West Germanic
  supertype:  #Indo-European_language__Indo-European__Indo-Hittite  the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
  subtype:  #West_Germanic_language__West_Germanic  a branch of the Germanic languages
     subtype:  #English_language__English  an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the US and most of the Commonwealth countries
        subtype:  #American_English__American_language__American  the English language as used in the United States
           subtype:  #Black_English_Vernacular__Black_English__Ebonics  a nonstandard form of American English spoken by some American Black people
        subtype:  #cockney  the nonstandard dialect of natives of the east end of London
        subtype:  #King's_English  standard southern British English
        subtype:  #Middle_English  English from about 1100 to 1450
           subtype:  #East_Midland  the dialect of Middle English that replaced West Saxon as the literary language and which developed into Modern English
           subtype:  #West_Midland  a dialect of Middle English
           subtype:  #Northern  a dialect of Middle English that developed into Scottish Lallans
           subtype:  #Kentish  a dialect of Middle English
           subtype:  #Southwestern__West_Saxon  a dialect of Middle English
        subtype:  #Modern_English  English since about 1450
        subtype:  #Old_English__Anglo-Saxon  English prior to about 1100
           subtype:  #West_Saxon  a literary dialect of Old English
           subtype:  #Anglian  one of the major dialects of Old English
           subtype:  #Jutish__Kentish  one of the major dialects of Old English
        subtype:  #Oxford_English  the dialect of English spoken at Oxford University and regarded by many as affected and pretentious
        subtype:  #Scottish__Scots__Scots_English  the dialect of English used in Scotland
           subtype:  #Scottish_Lallans__Lallans  a dialect of English spoken in the Lowlands of Scotland
     subtype:  #German_language__German__High_German  the standard German language; developed historically from West Germanic
        subtype:  #Old_High_German  High German prior to 1200
        subtype:  #Middle_High_German  High German from 1100 to 1500
        subtype:  #Yiddish  a dialect of High German including some Hebrew and other words; spoken as a vernacular by European Jews
        subtype:  #Pennsylvania_Dutch  a dialect of High German spoken in parts of Pennsylvania and Maryland
     subtype:  #Low_German__Plattdeutsch  a German dialect spoken in northern Germany
        subtype:  #Old_Saxon  Low German prior to 1200
        subtype:  #Middle_Low_German  Low German from 1100 to 1500
     subtype:  #Dutch  the West Germanic language of the Netherlands
        subtype:  #Flemish_dialect__Flemish  one of two official languages of Belgium; closely related to Dutch
        subtype:  #Afrikaans__Taal__the_Taal__South_African_Dutch  an official language of the Republic of South Africa; closely related to Dutch and Flemish
     subtype:  #Frisian  a West Germanic language spoken in the northwestern Netherlands; a near relative of English
        subtype:  #Old_Frisian  the Frisian language until the 16th century
  subtype:  #Proto-Norse  the Germanic language of Scandinavia up until about 700
  subtype:  #Old_Norse  the extinct Germanic language of medieval Scandinavia and Iceland from about to 700 to 1350
     subtype:  #Old_Icelandic__oldicelandic  the extinct dialect of Old Norse that was spoken in Iceland up until about 1600
  subtype:  #Scandinavian_language__Scandinavian__Nordic__Norse__North_Germanic__North_Germanic_language  the northern family of Germanic languages that are spoken in Scandinavia and Iceland
     subtype:  #Danish  a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Denmark
     subtype:  #Icelandic  a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland
     subtype:  #Norwegian  a Scandinavian language that is spoken in Norway
        subtype:  #Bokmal__Dano-Norwegian__Riksmal  one of two official languages of Norway; closely related to Danish
        subtype:  #New_Norwegian__Landsmal__Nynorsk  one of two official languages of Norway; based on rural dialects
     subtype:  #Swedish  a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Sweden and one of two official languages of Finland
     subtype:  #Faroese__Faeroese  a Scandinavian language (closely related to Icelandic) that is spoken on the Faroe Islands
  subtype:  #East_Germanic_language__East_Germanic  an extinct branch of the Germanic languages
     subtype:  #Gothic  extinct East Germanic language of the ancient Goths; the only surviving record being fragments of a 4th-century translation of the Bible by Bishop Ulfilas

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