#taxonomic_group__taxonomicgroup__taxon animal or plant group having natural relations
supertype: #biological_group a group of plants or animals
subtype: #Adapid_group__Adapid extinct small mostly diurnal lower primates that fed on leaves and fruit; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; their descendents probably include the lemurs; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
subtype: #Omomyid_group__Omomyid extinct tiny nocturnal lower primates that fed on fruit and insects; abundant in North America and Europe 30 to 50 million years ago; probably gave rise to the tarsiers; some authorities consider them ancestral to anthropoids but others consider them only cousins
subtype: #kingdom one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
subtype: #kingdom_Monera__Monera prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae and various primitive pathogens; because of lack of consensus on how to divide the organisms into phyla informal names are used for the major divisions
subtype: #kingdom_Protoctista__Protoctista in most modern classifications, replacement for the Protista; includes: Protozoa; Euglenophyta; Chlorophyta; Cryptophyta; Heterokontophyta; Rhodophyta; unicellular protists and their descendant multicellular organisms: regarded as distinct from plants and animals
subtype: #plant_kingdom__plantkingdom__Plantae__kingdom_Plantae the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
subtype: #kingdom_Plantae__Plantae__plant_kingdom__plantkingdom taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
subtype: #kingdom_Fungi__Fungi__fungus_kingdom the taxonomic kingdom of lower plants
instance: #kingdom_Animalia__Animalia__animal_kingdom
subtype: #subkingdom (biology) a taxonomic group comprising a major division of a kingdom
subtype: #subkingdom_Parazoa__Parazoa multicellular organisms having less-specialized cells than in the Metazoa; comprises the single phylum Porifera
subtype: #subkingdom_Metazoa__Metazoa multicellular animals having cells differentiated into tissues and organs and usually a digestive cavity and nervous system
subtype: #phylum (biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
subtype: #phylum_Pyrrophyta__Pyrrophyta a division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds
subtype: #phylum_Protozoa__Protozoa in some classifications considered a superphylum or a subkingdom; comprises flagellates; ciliates; sporozoans; amoebas; foraminifers
subtype: #phylum_Cryptophyta__Cryptophyta a phylum in the kingdom Protoctista
subtype: #phylum_Chordata__Chordata comprises true vertebrates and animals having a notochord
subtype: #subphylum_Cephalochordata__Cephalochordata lancelets
subtype: #subphylum_Urochordata__Urochordata__Urochorda__subphylum_Urochorda__Tunicata__subphylum_Tunicata tunicates
subtype: #subphylum_Vertebrata__Vertebrata__Craniata__subphylum_Craniata fishes; amphibians; reptiles; birds; mammals
subtype: #phylum_Arthropoda__Arthropoda jointed-foot invertebrates: arachnids; crustaceans; insects; millipedes; centipedes
subtype: #subphylum_Pentastomida__Pentastomida tongue worms
subtype: #phylum_Porifera__Porifera coextensive with the subkingdom Parazoa: sponges
subtype: #phylum_Cnidaria__Cnidaria__Coelenterata__phylum_Coelenterata hydras; polyps; jellyfishes; sea anemones; corals
subtype: #phylum_Ctenophora__Ctenophora comb jellies; sea acorns; a small phylum formerly considered a class of Coelenterata
subtype: #phylum_Acanthocephala__Acanthocephala phylum or class of elongated wormlike parasites that live in the intestines of vertebrates: spiny-headed worms
subtype: #phylum_Chaetognatha__Chaetognatha arrowworms: a group of small active transparent marine worms
subtype: #phylum_Platyhelminthes__Platyhelminthes flatworms
subtype: #phylum_Nemertea__Nemertea__Nemertina__phylum_Nemertina proboscis worms
subtype: #phylum_Pogonophora__Pogonophora beard worms
subtype: #phylum_Rotifera__Rotifera a phylum including: rotifers
subtype: #phylum_Nematoda__Nematoda__Aschelminthes__phylum_Aschelminthes unsegmented worms: roundworms; threadworms; eelworms
subtype: #phylum_Annelida__Annelida segmented worms: earthworms; lugworms; leeches
subtype: #phylum_Mollusca__Mollusca gastropods; bivalves; cephalopods; chitons
subtype: #phylum_Phoronida__Phoronida__Phoronidea small phylum of wormlike marine animals
subtype: #phylum_Bryozoa__Bryozoa__polyzoa marine or freshwater animals that form colonies of zooids
subtype: #phylum_Ectoprocta__Ectoprocta coextensive with or a subphylum of Bryozoa
subtype: #phylum_Entoprocta__Entoprocta__Endoprocta sometimes considered a subphylum of Bryozoa
subtype: #phylum_Cycliophora__Cycliophora tiny marine organisms each the size of a period found in great numbers on lobsters' lips; identified tentatively in 1995 as a new phylum or as possible link between Entoprocta and Ectoprocta
subtype: #phylum_Brachiopoda__Brachiopoda marine invertebrates that resemble mollusks
subtype: #phylum_Sipuncula__Sipuncula peanut worms
subtype: #phylum_Echinodermata__Echinodermata radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers
subtype: #division.phylum (botany) taxonomic unit of plants corresponding to a phylum
subtype: #division_Protista__Protista eukaryotic one-celled living organisms distinct from multicellular plants and animals: protozoa, slime molds, and eukaryotic algae
subtype: #Thallophyta used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae; bacteria; fungi; lichens
subtype: #division_Tracheophyta__Tracheophyta in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants
subtype: #division_Bryophyta__Bryophyta a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)
subtype: #division_Pteridophyta__Pteridophyta containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
subtype: #division_Spermatophyta__Spermatophyta seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)
subtype: #Phanerogamae in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all seed-bearing plants; superseded by the division Spermatophyta
subtype: #Cryptogamia in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
subtype: #subdivision_Pteropsida__Pteropsida used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae
subtype: #subdivision_Zygomycota__Zygomycota__Zygomycotina__subdivision_Zygomycotina division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores
subtype: #division_Myxomycota__divisionmyxomycota__Myxomycota__Gymnomycota__gymnomycota__division_Gymnomycota slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista
subtype: #subdivision_Mastigomycota__Mastigomycota__Mastigomycotina__subdivision_Mastigomycotina fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota
subtype: #division_Lichenes__Lichenes comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with Algae and Fungi
subtype: #division_Eumycota__Eumycota true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)
subtype: #subdivision_Deuteromycota__Deuteromycota__Deuteromycotina__Fungi_imperfecti__subdivision_Deuteromycotina large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known
subtype: #subdivision_Basidiomycota__Basidiomycota__Basidiomycotina__subdivision_Basidiomycotina comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium: Gasteromycetes (puffballs); Tiliomycetes (comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)); Hymenomycetes (mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi
subtype: #subdivision_Ascomycota__Ascomycota__Ascomycotina__subdivision_Ascomycotina a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi
subtype: #Lycophyta used in some classifications for the class Lycopsida: club mosses
subtype: #subphylum (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and a class
subtype: #superphylum (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass
subtype: #class__clas (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
subtype: #class_Schizomycetes__Schizomycetes a former classification
subtype: #class_Cyanobacteria__Cyanophyceae__class_Cyanophyceae photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae
subtype: #class_Sarcodina__Sarcodina characterized by the formation of pseudopods for locomotion and taking food: Actinopoda; Rhizopoda
subtype: #subclass_Actinopoda__Actinopoda heliozoans; radiolarians
subtype: #subclass_Rhizopoda__Rhizopoda creeping protozoans: amoebas and foraminifers
subtype: #class_Ciliata__Ciliata__Ciliophora__class_Ciliophora class of protozoa having cilia or hairlike appendages on part or all of the surface during some part of the life cycle
subtype: #subclass_Infusoria__Infusoria in some recent classifications, coextensive with the Ciliata: minute organisms found in decomposing infusions of organic matter
subtype: #class_Chrysophyceae__Chrysophyceae__Heterokontae__class_Heterokontae all the yellow-green algae having flagella of unequal length
subtype: #class_Xanthophyceae__Xanthophyceae yellow-green algae
subtype: #class_Bacillariophyceae__Bacillariophyceae__Diatomophyceae__class_Diatomophyceae marine and freshwater eukaryotic algae: diatoms
subtype: #class_Phaeophyceae__Phaeophyceae brown algae; mostly marine and littoral eukaryotic algae
subtype: #class_Cyclosporeae__Cyclosporeae in more recent classifications superseded by the order Fucales
subtype: #class_Euglenophyceae__Euglenophyceae coextensive with the division Euglenophyta
subtype: #class_Chlorophyceae__Chlorophyceae algae distinguished chiefly by having flagella and a clear green color, their chlorophyll being masked little if at all by other pigments
subtype: #class_Ulvophyceae__Ulvophyceae alternative name for the class Chlorophyceae in some classifications
subtype: #class_Charophyceae__Charophyceae in some classifications: contains only the order Charales
subtype: #class_Rhodophyceae__Rhodophyceae coextensive with the Rhodophyta: red algae
subtype: #class_Mastigophora__Mastigophora__Flagellata__class_Flagellata protozoa having flagella
subtype: #subclass_Zoomastigina__Zoomastigina in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; holozoic or saprozoic flagellates
subtype: #subclass_Phytomastigina__Phytomastigina plantlike flagellates containing chlorophyll; often considered unicellular algae
subtype: #class_Cryptophyceae__Cryptophyceae motile usually brownish-green protozoa-like algae
subtype: #class_Sporozoa__Sporozoa strictly parasitic protozoans that are usually immobile; includes plasmodia and coccidia and piroplasms and malaria parasites
subtype: #subclass_Telosporidia__Telosporidia parasitic sporozoans that form spores containing one or more infective sporozoites
subtype: #subclass_Acnidosporidia__Acnidosporidia a subclass of Sporozoa
subtype: #subclass_Cnidosporidia__Cnidosporidia single-host parasites of lower vertebrates and invertebrates
subtype: #class_Ascidiaceae__Ascidiaceae sometimes classified as an order: sea squirts
subtype: #class_Thaliacea__Thaliacea small class of free-swimming tunicates; sometimes classified as an order
subtype: #superclass_Agnatha__Agnatha superclass of eel-shaped chordates lacking jaws and pelvic fins: lampreys; hagfishes; some extinct forms
subtype: #superclass_Gnathostomata__Gnathostomata comprising all vertebrates with upper and lower jaws
subtype: #class_Placodermi__Placodermi extinct group of bony-plated fishes with primitive jaws
subtype: #class_Chondrichthyes__Chondrichthyes cartilaginous fishes
subtype: #subclass_Holocephali__Holocephali chimaeras and extinct forms
subtype: #subclass_Elasmobranchii__Elasmobranchii__Selachii__subclass_Selachii sharks; rays; dogfishes; skates
subtype: #class_Aves__Aves birds
subtype: #subclass_Archaeornithes__Archaeornithes primitive reptile-like fossil birds of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous
subtype: #class_Amphibia__Amphibia frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians
subtype: #class_Reptilia__Reptilia class of cold-blooded air-breathing vertebrates with completely ossified skeleton and a body usually covered with scales or horny plates; once the dominant land animals
subtype: #subclass_Anapsida__Anapsida oldest known reptiles: turtles; extinct Permian forms
subtype: #subclass_Lepidosauria__Lepidosauria diapsid reptiles: lizards; snakes; tuataras
subtype: #subclass_Archosauria__Archosauria a large subclass of diapsid reptiles including: crocodiles; alligators; dinosaurs; pterosaurs; plesiosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
subtype: #subclass_Synapsida__Synapsida extinct reptiles of the Permian to Jurassic considered ancestral to mammals
subtype: #superclass_Chelicerata__Chelicerata spiders; scorpions; horseshoe crabs
subtype: #class_Arachnida__Arachnida a large class of arthropods including spiders and ticks and scorpions and daddy longlegs; have four pairs of walking legs and no wings
subtype: #superclass_Myriapoda used in some classifications to encompass the millipedes (Diplopoda) and centipedes (Chilopoda); formerly a large taxon including also the Pauropoda and Symphyla; the term Myriapoda now usually used synonymously with Diplopoda and limited to the millipedes
subtype: #class_Pauropoda__Pauropoda an obscure class of minute arthropods with branched antennae and 8 to 10 pairs of legs
subtype: #class_Symphyla__Symphyla small class of minute arthropods; unimportant except for the garden centipede
subtype: #class_Tardigrada__Tardigrada in some classifications considered a separate phylum: microscopic arachnid-like invertebrates living in water or damp moss having 4 pairs of legs and instead of a mouth a pair of stylets or needle-like piercing organs connected with the pharynx
subtype: #class_Chilopoda__Chilopoda arthropods having the trunk composed of numerous somites each bearing one pair of legs: centipedes
subtype: #class_Mammalia__Mammalia warm-blooded vertebrates characterized by mammary glands in the female
subtype: #subclass_Prototheria__Prototheria echidnas; platypus
subtype: #subclass_Pantotheria__Pantotheria generalized extinct mammals widespread during the Jurassic; commonly conceded to be ancestral to marsupial and placental mammals
subtype: #subclass_Metatheria__Metatheria pouched animals
subtype: #subclass_Eutheria__Eutheria all mammals except monotremes and marsupials
subtype: #class_Hyalospongiae__Hyalospongiae sponges with 6-rayed siliceous spicules; choanocytes are restricted to finger-shaped chambers
subtype: #class_Scyphozoa__Scyphozoa coelenterates in which the polyp stage is absent or at least inconspicuous: jellyfishes
subtype: #class_Hydrozoa__Hydrozoa coelenterates typically having alternation of generations; hydroid phase is usually colonial giving rise to the medusoid phase by budding: hydras and jellyfishes
subtype: #class_Anthozoa__Anthozoa__Actinozoa__class_Actinozoa no alternation of generations the medusoid phase being entirely suppressed: sea anemones; corals
subtype: #class_Nuda__Nuda ctenophores lacking tentacles; comprises one genus: Beroe
subtype: #class_Tentaculata__Tentaculata ctenophores have retractile tentacles
subtype: #class_Turbellaria__Turbellaria free-living flatworms
subtype: #class_Trematoda__Trematoda parasitic flatworms (including flukes)
subtype: #class_Cestoda__Cestoda tapeworms
subtype: #class_Aphasmidia__Aphasmidia one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
subtype: #class_Phasmidia__Phasmidia one of two subgroups of Nematoda used in some classification systems
subtype: #class_Archiannelida__Archiannelida a class of Annelida
subtype: #class_Oligochaeta__Oligochaeta earthworms
subtype: #class_Polychaeta__Polychaeta marine annelid worms
subtype: #class_Hirudinea__Hirudinea hermaphroditic aquatic or terrestrial or parasitic annelids
subtype: #class_Scaphopoda__Scaphopoda small class of bilaterally symmetrical marine forms comprising the tooth shells
subtype: #class_Gastropoda__Gastropoda__Gasteropoda__class_Gasteropoda snails and slugs and their relatives
subtype: #subclass_Opisthobranchia__Opisthobranchia gastropods having the gills when present posterior to the heart and having no operculum: includes sea slugs; sea butterflies; sea hares
subtype: #subclass_Amphineura__Amphineura a class of Gastropoda
subtype: #class_Polyplacophora__Polyplacophora small class of marine mollusks comprising the chitons; sometimes considered an order of the subclass Amphineura
subtype: #class_Bivalvia__Bivalvia__Lamellibranchia__class_Lamellibranchia__class_Pelecypoda oysters; clams; scallops; mussels
subtype: #class_Cephalopoda__Cephalopoda octopuses; squids; cuttlefish; pearly nautilus
subtype: #subclass_Dibranchiata__Dibranchiata__Dibranchia__subclass_Dibranchia comprising all living cephalopods except the family Nautilidae: the orders Octopoda (octopuses) and Decapoda (squids and cuttlefish)
subtype: #class_Crustacea__Crustacea class of mandibulate arthropods including: lobsters; crabs; shrimps; woodlice; barnacles; decapods; water fleas
subtype: #subclass_Entomostraca__Entomostraca in some older classifications includes the Branchiopoda and Copepoda and Ostracoda and Cirripedia; no longer in technical use
subtype: #subclass_Branchiopoda__Branchiopoda primitive aquatic mainly freshwater crustaceans: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps; tadpole shrimps; can shrimps; water fleas
subtype: #subclass_Copepoda__Copepoda minute planktonic or parasitic crustaceans
subtype: #subclass_Ostracoda__Ostracoda seed shrimps
subtype: #subclass_Cirripedia__Cirripedia barnacles
subtype: #class_Onychophora__Onychophora enigmatic small elongated wormlike terrestrial invertebrates of damp dark habitats in warm regions; distinct from the phylum Annelida; resemble slugs with legs and are sometimes described as the missing link between arthropods and annelids
subtype: #class_Insecta__Insecta__Hexapoda__class_Hexapoda insects; about five-sixths of all known animal species
subtype: #subclass_Exopterygota__Exopterygota__Hemimetabola subclass of insects characterized by gradual and usually incomplete metamorphosis
subtype: #class_Asteroidea__Asteroidea sea stars
subtype: #class_Ophiuroidea__Ophiuroidea brittle stars and basket stars
subtype: #subclass_Ophiurida__Ophiurida brittle stars
subtype: #subclass_Euryalida__Euryalida basket stars
subtype: #class_Echinoidea__Echinoidea sea urchins and sand dollars
subtype: #class_Crinoidea__Crinoidea sea lilies
subtype: #class_Holothuroidea__Holothuroidea class of echinoderms including the sea cucumbers
subtype: #superfamily_Hominoidea__Hominoidea anthropoid apes and human beings
subtype: #class_Osteichthyes__Osteichthyes a class of fish having a skeleton composed of bone in addition to cartilage
subtype: #subclass_Crossopterygii__Crossopterygii fishes having paired fins resembling limbs and regarded as ancestral to amphibians
subtype: #subclass_Dipnoi__Dipnoi bony fishes of the southern hemisphere that breathe by a modified air bladder as well as gills; sometimes classified as an order of Crossopterygii
subtype: #subclass_Teleostei__Teleostei large diverse group of bony fishes; includes most living species
subtype: #class_Anthoceropsida__Anthoceropsida hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
subtype: #class_Bryopsida__Bryopsida__Musci__class_Musci true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales
subtype: #class_Hepaticopsida__Hepaticopsida__Hepaticae__class_Hepaticae liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales
subtype: #class_Gymnospermae__Gymnospermae__Gymnospermophyta__division_Gymnospermophyta plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)
subtype: #class_Gnetopsida__Gnetopsida__Gnetophytina__subdivision_Gnetophytina__Gnetophyta gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as as class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)
subtype: #class_Cycadopsida__Cycadopsida__Cycadophytina__subdivision_Cycadophytina__Cycadophyta__subdivision_Cycadophyta palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)
subtype: #class_Pteridospermopsida__Pteridospermopsida extinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies
subtype: #class_Coniferopsida__Coniferopsida__Coniferophytina__subdivision_Coniferophytina__Coniferophyta cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)
subtype: #class_Pinopsida__Pinopsida__Pinophytina__subdivision_Pinophytina most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subtype: #class_Taxopsida__Taxopsida__Taxophytina__subdivision_Taxophytina yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subtype: #class_Ginkgopsida__Ginkgopsida__Ginkgophytina__subdivision_Ginkgophytina__Ginkgophyta ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class (Ginkgopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Ginkgophytina or Ginkgophyta); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subtype: #class_Angiospermae__Angiospermae__Magnoliophyta__division_Magnoliophyta__Anthophyta__division_Anthophyta comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)
subtype: #class_Dicotyledones__Dicotyledones__Dicotyledonae__class_Dicotyledonae__Magnoliopsida__class_Magnoliopsida comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae
subtype: #subclass_Magnoliidae__Magnoliidae__ranalian_complex a group of families or trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subtype: #class_Monocotyledones__Monocotyledones__Monocotyledonae__class_Monocotyledonae__Liliopsida__class_Liliopsida comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae
subtype: #subclass_Alismatidae__Alismatidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semi-aquatic herbs
subtype: #subclass_Arecidae__Arecidae one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae: and Lemnaceae
subtype: #subclass_Commelinidae__Commelinidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae
subtype: #subclass_Caryophyllidae__Caryophyllidae a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or free-central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder
subtype: #subclass_Asteridae__Asteridae a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subtype: #subclass_Rosidae__Rosidae a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae
subtype: #subclass_Hamamelidae__Hamamelidae a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder
subtype: #subclass_Dilleniidae__Dilleniidae a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subtype: #subclass_Liliidae__Liliidae one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae
subtype: #class_Zygomycetes__Zygomycetes class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
subtype: #class_Myxomycetes__Myxomycetes the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
subtype: #class_Acrasiomycetes__Acrasiomycetes cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in Kingdom Protoctista
subtype: #class_Oomycetes__Oomycetes nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
subtype: #class_Chytridiomycetes__Chytridiomycetes a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
subtype: #class_Eumycetes__Eumycetes category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
subtype: #class_Deuteromycetes__Deuteromycetes form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
subtype: #class_Basidiomycetes__Basidiomycetes large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
subtype: #subclass_Homobasidiomycetes__Homobasidiomycetes category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes
subtype: #subclass_Heterobasidiomycetes__Heterobasidiomycetes category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts
subtype: #class_Hymenomycetes__Hymenomycetes used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
subtype: #class_Ascomycetes__Ascomycetes large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
subtype: #subclass_Euascomycetes__Euascomycetes category not used in many classification systems
subtype: #class_Hemiascomycetes__Hemiascomycetes class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
subtype: #class_Plectomycetes__Plectomycetes class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
subtype: #class_Pyrenomycetes__Pyrenomycetes class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and neurospora
subtype: #subclass_Discomycetes__Discomycetes a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped
subtype: #class_Gasteromycetes__Gasteromycetes__Gastromycetes__class_Gastromycetes fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
subtype: #class_Tiliomycetes__Tiliomycetes category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
subtype: #class_Filicopsida__Filicopsida__Filicinae__class_Filicinae ferns
subtype: #class_Psilopsida__Psilopsida__Psilotatae__class_Psilotatae whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs
subtype: #class_Sphenopsida__Sphenopsida__Equisetatae__class_Equisetatae horsetails and related forms
subtype: #class_Lycopsida__Lycopsida__Lycopodiate__class_Lycopodiate club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
subtype: #class_Lycopodineae__Lycopodineae alternative designation for the class Lycopsida
subtype: #subclass (biology) a taxonomic category below a class and above an order
subtype: #superclass (biology) a taxonomic class below a phylum and above a class
subtype: #order.taxonomic_group (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
subtype: #animal_order the order of animals
subtype: #order_Eubacteriales__Eubacteriales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
subtype: #order_Pseudomonadales__Pseudomonadales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
subtype: #order_Rickettsiales__Rickettsiales pleomorphic gram-negative microorganisms
subtype: #order_Mycoplasmatales__Mycoplasmatales coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae
subtype: #order_Actinomycetales__Actinomycetales filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria
subtype: #order_Myxobacteria__Myxobacterales__order_Myxobacterales__Myxobacteriales__order_Myxobacteriales an order of higher bacteria
subtype: #order_Spirochaetales__Spirochaetales higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms
subtype: #order_Heliozoa__Heliozoa mostly freshwater protozoa
subtype: #order_Radiolaria__Radiolaria marine protozoa
subtype: #order_Amoebida__Amoebida__Amoebina__order_Amoebina the animal order including amoebas
subtype: #order_Foraminifera__Foraminifera foraminifers
subtype: #order_Testacea__Testacea testacean rhizopods
subtype: #order_Fucales__Fucales coextensive with the family Fucaceae
subtype: #order_Zygnematales__Zygnematales__Zygnemales__order_Zygnemales pond scums; desmids
subtype: #order_Dinoflagellata__Dinoflagellata__Cilioflagellata__order_Cilioflagellata in some classifications considered a phylum of the kingdom Protista; in others included in the plant phylum Pyrrophyta
subtype: #order_Hypermastigina__Hypermastigina cellulose-producing flagellates
subtype: #order_Polymastigina__Polymastigina small usually parasitic flagellates
subtype: #order_Coccidia__Coccidia an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Gregarinida__Gregarinida an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Haemosporidia__Haemosporidia an order in the subclass Telosporidia
subtype: #order_Sarcosporidia__Sarcosporidia imperfectly known parasites of the muscles of vertebrates
subtype: #order_Haplosporidia__Haplosporidia an order in the subclass Acnidosporidia
subtype: #order_Actinomyxidia__Actinomyxidia parasites of worms
subtype: #order_Mycrosporidia__Mycrosporidia an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
subtype: #order_Myxosporidia__Myxosporidia an order in the subclass Cnidosporidia
subtype: #superorder_Malacopterygii__Malacopterygii an extensive group of teleost fishes having fins supported by flexible cartilaginous rays
subtype: #order_Cypriniformes__Cypriniformes an order of animals including almost entirely freshwater fishes: characins; loaches; carp; suckers; sometimes classified as a suborder of Ostariophysi
subtype: #order_Berycomorphi__Berycomorphi an order of spiny-finned fish in the superorder Acanthopterygii
subtype: #order_Zeomorphi__Zeomorphi dories
subtype: #order_Solenichthyes__Solenichthyes bellows fishes; shrimpfishes; cornetfishes; pipefishes; small order of chiefly tropical marine fishes of varied and bizarre form all having a small mouth at the end of a drawn-out tubular snout
subtype: #order_Ostracodermi__Ostracodermi extinct group of armored jawless vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #suborder_Heterostraci__Heterostraci extinct group of armored jawless fishes or fishlike vertebrate; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #suborder_Osteostraci__Osteostraci__Cephalaspida__suborder_Cephalaspida extinct group of armored fishlike vertebrates; taxonomy is not clear
subtype: #order_Anaspida__Anaspida extinct order of jawless vertebrates
subtype: #order_Conodonta__Conodonta__Conodontophorida__order_Conodontophorida extinct order of primitive vertebrates; the precise taxonomy is not clear; in some classifications considered a separate phylum
subtype: #order_Cyclostomata__Cyclostomata primitive jawless aquatic vertebrate: lampreys; hagfishes
subtype: #suborder_Petromyzoniformes__Petromyzoniformes__Hyperoartia__suborder_Hyperoartia lampreys as distinguished from hagfishes
subtype: #suborder_Myxiniformes__Myxiniformes__Hyperotreta__suborder_Hyperotreta__Myxinoidei__Myxinoidea__suborder_Myxinoidei hagfishes as distinguished from lampreys
subtype: #order_Torpediniformes__Torpediniformes rays with torpedo-shaped bodies
subtype: #order_Rajiformes__Rajiformes__Batoidei__order_Batoidei fish with dorsoventrally flattened bodies; includes: rays; skates; guitarfishes; sawfishes
subtype: #superorder_Ratitae__Ratitae used in former classifications to include all ratite bird orders
subtype: #order_Struthioniformes__Struthioniformes a ratite bird order: ostriches and related extinct birds; known from the Pleistocene onward
subtype: #order_Casuariiformes__Casuariiformes a ratite bird order: cassowaries and emus
subtype: #order_Apterygiformes__Apterygiformes a ratite bird order: flightless ground birds having vestigial wings and long bills and small eyes: kiwis
subtype: #order_Rheiformes__Rheiformes a ratite bird order: birds intermediate in characteristics between ostriches and emus: recent and extinct rheas
subtype: #order_Aepyorniformes__Aepyorniformes huge extinct flightless birds: elephant birds
subtype: #order_Dinornithiformes__Dinornithiformes a ratite bird order: recently extinct flightless birds of New Zealand
subtype: #order_Insessores__Insessores__perching_birds__perchers birds with feet adapted for perching on trees; this order is now generally abandoned by taxonomists
subtype: #order_Passeriformes__Passeriformes largest order of birds comprising about half the known species: rooks; finches; sparrows; tits; warblers; robins; wrens; swallows; etc.; in four suborders: Eurylaimi; Tyranni; Menurae: Oscines or Passeres
subtype: #suborder_Oscines__Oscines__Passeres__suborder_Passeres two names for the suborder of typical songbirds
subtype: #suborder_Menurae__Menurae lyrebirds and scrubbirds
subtype: #suborder_Eurylaimi__Eurylaimi broadbills
subtype: #suborder_Tyranni__Tyranni New World flycatchers; antbirds; oven birds; woodhewers
subtype: #suborder_Clamatores__Clamatores used in some classification systems; a suborder or superfamily nearly coextensive with suborder Tyranni; Passeriformes having relatively simple vocal organs and little power of song: clamatorial birds
subtype: #order_Raptores__Raptores term used in former classifications; erroneously grouped together birds of the orders Falconiformes and Strigiformes
subtype: #order_Falconiformes__Falconiformes chiefly diurnal carnivorous birds having hooked beaks and long talons with opposable hind toe: falcons; hawks; eagles; ospreys; caracaras; vultures
subtype: #order_Strigiformes__Strigiformes owls
subtype: #order_Urodella__Urodella__Caudata__order_Caudata salamanders; newts; congo snakes
subtype: #order_Salientia__Salientia__Anura__order_Anura__Batrachia__order_Batrachia frogs, toads, tree toads
subtype: #order_Gymnophiona__Gymnophiona an order of amphibians including caecilians
subtype: #superorder_Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodonta__superorder_Labyrinthodonta extinct amphibians typically resembling heavy-bodied salamanders or crocodiles and having a solid flattened skull and conical teeth; Devonian through Triassic
subtype: #order_Stereospondyli__Stereospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; amphibia having vertebrae whose component elements are fused into a single piece: "most vertebrates are stereospondylous"
subtype: #order_Stegocephalia__Stegocephalia in former classifications a division of Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia
subtype: #order_Temnospondyli__Temnospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate
subtype: #order_Chelonia__Chelonia__Testudinata__order_Testudinata__Testudines__order_Testudines tortoises and turtles
subtype: #order_Rhynchocephalia__Rhynchocephalia tuataras; extinct forms from middle Triassic
subtype: #order_Squamata__Squamata diapsid reptiles: snakes and lizards
subtype: #suborder_Sauria__Sauria__Lacertilia__suborder_Lacertilia true lizards; including chameleons and geckos
subtype: #order_Crocodylia__Crocodylia__Crocodilia__order_Crocodilia crocodiles; alligators; caimans; gavials
subtype: #order_Loricata__Loricata former name for the order Crocodylia
subtype: #order_Ornithischia__Ornithischia extinct terrestrial reptiles having birdlike pelvises: armored dinosaurs (thyreophorans); bone-headed and horned dinosaurs (marginocephalians); duck-billed dinosaurs (euronithopods)
subtype: #suborder_Thyreophora__Thyreophora__thyreophoran armored dinosaurs: stegosaurs and ankylosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Marginocephalia__Marginocephalia__marginocephalian includes bone-headed (pachycephalosaurs) and horned (ceratopsian) dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Pachycephalosaurus bone-headed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous
subtype: #suborder_Ceratopsia__Ceratopsia horned dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Euronithopoda__Euronithopoda__euronithopod__Ornithopoda__suborder_Ornithopoda widespread group including duck-billed dinosaurs and their early relatives (hadrosaurs; trachodon; iguanodon)
subtype: #order_Saurischia__Saurischia extinct terrestrial reptiles: theropods (carnivorous); sauropods (herbivorous)
subtype: #suborder_Sauropodomorpha__Sauropodomorpha gigantic herbivorous dinosaurs having huge bodies with long necks and small heads: Prosauropoda and Sauropoda (apatosaurus; diplodocus; titanosaurs)
subtype: #suborder_Prosauropoda__Prosauropoda the earliest known dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Sauropoda__Sauropoda any of the sauropod dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Theropoda__Theropoda carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs with short forelimbs; Jurassic and Cretaceous
subtype: #suborder_Ceratosaura primitive saurischian dinosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Carnosaura__Carnosaura largest carnivorous land animals ever known
subtype: #suborder_Ornithomimida__Ornithomimida lightly built medium-size theropods
subtype: #suborder_Maniraptora__Maniraptora advanced theropods including oviraptorids and dromaeosaurs and possibly even modern birds
subtype: #order_Therapsida__Therapsida extinct mammal-like reptiles found inhabiting all continents from the mid Permian to late Triassic
subtype: #order_Ictodosauria__Ictodosauria extinct reptiles of the Upper Triassic
subtype: #order_Pelycosauria__Pelycosauria edaphosaurus; dimetrodon
subtype: #order_Pterosauria__Pterosauria extinct flying reptiles: pterosaurs
subtype: #order_Thecodontia__Thecodontia extinct terrestrial reptiles having teeth set in sockets; of the late Permian to Triassic
subtype: #order_Ichthyosauria__Ichthyosauria extinct marine reptiles: ichthyosaurs
subtype: #order_Sauropterygia__Sauropterygia extinct marine reptiles: plesiosaurs; nothosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Plesiosauria__Plesiosauria any of the plesiosaurs
subtype: #suborder_Nothosauria__Nothosauria a suborder of Sauropterygia
subtype: #suborder_Serpentes__Serpentes__Ophidia__suborder_Ophidia snakes
subtype: #order_Phalangida__Phalangida__Opiliones__order_Opiliones harvestmen
subtype: #order_Scorpionida__Scorpionida true scorpions
subtype: #order_Chelonethida__Chelonethida__Pseudoscorpionida__order_Pseudoscorpionida__Pseudoscorpiones__order_Pseudoscorpiones false scorpions
subtype: #order_Pedipalpi__Pedipalpi__Uropygi__order_Uropygi whip scorpions
subtype: #order_Araneae__Araneae__Araneida__order_Araneida spiders
subtype: #order_Acarina__Acarina mites and ticks
subtype: #order_Geophilomorpha__Geophilomorpha small elongate centipedes living in soil and under stones and having more than 30 pairs of legs
subtype: #order_Pycnogonida__Pycnogonida sea spiders
subtype: #order_Xiphosura__Xiphosura horseshoe crabs and extinct forms
subtype: #order_Eurypterida__Eurypterida extinct aquatic arthropods of the Paleozoic
subtype: #order_Galliformes__Galliformes pheasants; turkeys; grouse; partridges; quails; chickens; brush turkeys; curassows; hoatzins
subtype: #order_Tinamiformes__Tinamiformes coextensive with the family Tinamidae
subtype: #order_Columbiformes__Columbiformes sand grouse; pigeons; doves; extinct dodos and solitaires
subtype: #order_Psittaciformes__Psittaciformes an order of birds including parrots and amazons and cockatoos and lorikeets and lories and macaws and parakeets
subtype: #order_Cuculiformes__Cuculiformes cuckoos; touracos; etc.
subtype: #order_Coraciiformes__Coraciiformes rollers; kingfishers; hornbills; hoopoes; motmots; bee eaters; todies
subtype: #order_Picariae__Picariae term used in some classifications as nearly equivalent to the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #order_Apodiformes__Apodiformes swifts; hummingbirds
subtype: #order_Caprimulgiformes__Caprimulgiformes goatsuckers; frogmouths; oilbirds
subtype: #order_Piciformes__Piciformes woodpeckers; jacamars; puffbirds; barbets; honey guides; toucans
subtype: #order_Trogoniformes__Trogoniformes trogons
subtype: #order_Anseriformes__Anseriformes ducks; geese; swans; screamers
subtype: #suborder_Anseres__Anseres used in some especially older classifications; coextensive with the family Anatidae
subtype: #order_Monotremata__Monotremata coextensive with the subclass Prototheria
subtype: #order_Marsupialia__Marsupialia coextensive with the subclass Metatheria
subtype: #order_Insectivora__Insectivora shrews; moles; hedgehogs; tenrecs
subtype: #suborder_Lipotyphla__Lipotyphla moles; hedgehogs; true shrews
subtype: #suborder_Menotyphla__Menotyphla elephant shrews; tree shrews
subtype: #order_Siphonophora__Siphonophora marine colonial hydrozoans
subtype: #order_Actiniaria__Actiniaria__Actinaria__order_Actinaria sea anemones
subtype: #order_Alcyonaria__Alcyonaria corals and sea anemones having eight branches
subtype: #suborder_Alcyonacea__Alcyonacea comprising the soft corals
subtype: #suborder_Gorgonacea__Gorgonacea__Gorgoniacea__suborder_Gorgoniacea red corals and sea fans
subtype: #order_Madreporaria__Madreporaria stony corals
subtype: #order_Cydippida__Cydippida__Cydippidea__order_Cydippidea__Cydippea__order_Cydippea ctenophores having two long pinnate tentacles
subtype: #order_Platyctenea__Platyctenea an order of Tentaculata
subtype: #order_Cestida__Cestida ctenophore having short tentacles; one family
subtype: #order_Lobata__Lobata ctenophore having tentacles only in the immature stage; body compressed vertically having two large oral lobes and four pointed processes
subtype: #order_Nudibranchia__Nudibranchia comprising numerous marine gastropod mollusks lacking a shell in the adult state and usually having a body like a slug
subtype: #order_Pulmonata__Pulmonata large order of gastropods usually breathing by means of a lung-like sac comprising most land snails and slugs and many freshwater snails
subtype: #order_Pectinibranchia__Pectinibranchia large order of gastropods comprising univalve mollusks that have a single gill resembling a comb
subtype: #order_Solenogastres__Solenogastres__Aplacophora__order_Aplacophora an order of Amphineura
subtype: #order_Myaceae__Myaceae clams
subtype: #order_Octopoda__Octopoda octopuses and paper nautilus
subtype: #order_Decapoda__Decapoda squids and cuttlefishes
subtype: #order_Belemnoidea__Belemnoidea order of extinct dibranchiate cephalopods related to the surviving spirulas
subtype: #Decapoda__order_Decapoda lobsters; crayfish; crabs; shrimps; prawns
subtype: #suborder_Brachyura__Brachyura an order of crustaceans (including true crabs) having a reduced abdomen folded against the ventral surface
subtype: #suborder_Reptantia__Reptantia lobsters; crabs
subtype: #suborder_Natantia__Natantia shrimp; prawns; etc.
subtype: #Schizopoda in former classifications a division of Malacostraca; superseded by the orders Mysidacea and Euphausiacea
subtype: #order_Euphausiacea__Euphausiacea small commonly luminescent crustaceans; important element of marine plankton: krill
subtype: #order_Mysidacea__Mysidacea opossum shrimp
subtype: #order_Stomatopoda__Stomatopoda mantis shrimps
subtype: #order_Isopoda__Isopoda woodlice
subtype: #order_Amphipoda__Amphipoda small flat-bodied semi-terrestrial crustaceans: whale lice; sand-hoppers; skeleton shrimp
subtype: #order_Anostraca__Anostraca small aquatic crustaceans lacking a carapace: fairy shrimps; brine shrimps
subtype: #order_Notostraca__Notostraca small freshwater crustaceans with a shield-shaped carapace
subtype: #order_Branchiura__Branchiura copepods with suctorial mouthparts; parasitic on fishes
subtype: #order_Ciconiiformes__Ciconiiformes order of chiefly tropical marsh-dwelling fish-eating wading birds with long legs and bills and (except for flamingos) unwebbed feet: herons; storks; spoonbills; flamingos; ibises
subtype: #order_Gruiformes__Gruiformes inland marsh-dwelling birds with long legs and necks and bills that wade in water in search of food: cranes; rails; bustards
subtype: #suborder_Otides__Otides terrestrial game birds of the Old World and Australia: bustards
subtype: #order_Charadriiformes__Charadriiformes large diverse order of aquatic birds found along seacoasts and inland waters: shorebirds and coastal diving birds; most feed on anima life
subtype: #suborder_Charadrii__Charadrii shorebirds: plovers; sandpipers; avocets; phalaropes; coursers; stone curlews
subtype: #suborder_Limicolae__Limicolae term used in some classifications for migratory shorebirds; coextensive with the Charadrii
subtype: #suborder_Lari__Lari gulls; terns; jaegers; skimmers
subtype: #order_Gaviiformes__Gaviiformes large aquatic birds: loons and some extinct forms
subtype: #order_Podicipitiformes__Podicipitiformes__Podicipediformes__order_Podicipediformes__Colymbiformes__order_Colymbiformes grebes
subtype: #order_Pelecaniformes__Pelecaniformes pelicans; frigate birds; gannets; cormorants
subtype: #order_Sphenisciformes__Sphenisciformes penguins
subtype: #order_Procellariiformes__Procellariiformes petrels; albatrosses; shearwaters; diving petrels
subtype: #order_Cetacea__Cetacea an order of Eutheria
subtype: #suborder_Mysticeti__Mysticeti baleen whales: right whales; rorquals; blue whales; humpbacks
subtype: #suborder_Odontoceti__Odontoceti toothed whales: dolphins; porpoises; sperm whales; beaked whales
subtype: #order_Sirenia__Sirenia manatees; dugongs; Stellar's sea cow
subtype: #order_Carnivora__Carnivora cats; lions; tigers; panthers; dogs; wolves; jackals; bears; raccoons; skunks; and members of the suborder Pinnipedia
subtype: #suborder_Pinnipedia__Pinnipedia seals; sea lions; walruses
subtype: #order_Tubulidentata__Tubulidentata an order of Eutheria
subtype: #order_Chiroptera__Chiroptera an old order dating to early Eocene: bats: suborder Megachiroptera (fruit bats); suborder Microchiroptera (insectivorous bats)
subtype: #suborder_Megachiroptera__Megachiroptera fruit bats
subtype: #suborder_Microchiroptera__Microchiroptera most of the bats in the world; all bats except fruit bats insectivorous bats
subtype: #order_Mecoptera__Mecoptera an order of carnivorous insects usually having long membranous wings and long beaklike heads with chewing mouths at the tip
subtype: #order_Collembola__Collembola minute wingless arthropods: springtails
subtype: #order_Protura__Protura minute wingless arthropods: telsontails
subtype: #order_Coleoptera__Coleoptera beetles
subtype: #order_Embioptera__Embioptera__Embiodea__order_Embiodea web spinners
subtype: #order_Anoplura__Anoplura sucking lice
subtype: #order_Mallophaga__Mallophaga biting lice
subtype: #order_Siphonaptera__Siphonaptera fleas
subtype: #order_Diptera__Diptera a large order of insects having a single pair of wings and sucking or piercing mouths; includes true flies and mosquitoes and gnats and crane flies
subtype: #suborder_Nematocera__Nematocera mosquitoes; fungus gnats; crane flies; gnats; sand flies
subtype: #order_Hymenoptera__Hymenoptera an order of insects including: bees; wasps; ants; ichneumons; sawflies; gall wasps; etc.
subtype: #order_Isoptera__Isoptera order of social insects that live in colonies, including: termites; often placed in subclass Exopterygota
subtype: #order_Orthoptera__Orthoptera grasshoppers and locusts; crickets
subtype: #order_Phasmida__Phasmida__Phasmatodea__order_Phasmatodea in some classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera: stick insects; leaf insects
subtype: #order_Dictyoptera__Dictyoptera in some classifications replaced by the orders (here suborders) Blattodea (cockroaches) and Manteodea (mantids); in former classifications often subsumed under a much broader order Orthoptera
subtype: #suborder_Blattodea__Blattodea__Blattaria__suborder_Blattaria cockroaches; in some classifications considered an order
subtype: #suborder_Manteodea__Manteodea mantises; in former classifications considered a suborder of Orthoptera
subtype: #order_Hemiptera__Hemiptera plant bugs; bedbugs; some true bugs; also includes suborders Heteroptera (true bugs) and Homoptera (e.g. aphids; plant lice; cicadas)
subtype: #suborder_Heteroptera__Heteroptera true bugs
subtype: #suborder_Homoptera__Homoptera plant lice (aphids); whiteflies; cicadas; leafhoppers; plant hoppers; scale insects and mealybugs; spittle insects
subtype: #order_Psocoptera__Psocoptera__Corrodentia__order_Corrodentia an order of insects: includes booklice and barklice
subtype: #order_Ephemeroptera__Ephemeroptera__Ephemerida__order_Ephemerida mayflies
subtype: #order_Plecoptera__Plecoptera stoneflies
subtype: #order_Neuroptera__Neuroptera an order of insects including: lacewings; antlions; dobsonflies; alderflies; fishflies; mantispids; spongeflies
subtype: #suborder_Megaloptera__Megaloptera in some classifications considered a separate order: alderflies; dobsonflies; snake flies
subtype: #order_Odonata__Odonata dragonflies and damselflies
subtype: #suborder_Anisoptera__Anisoptera dragonflies
subtype: #suborder_Zygoptera__Zygoptera damselflies
subtype: #order_Trichoptera__Trichoptera an order of insects consisting of caddis flies
subtype: #order_Thysanura__Thysanura firebrats; silverfish; machilids
subtype: #order_Thysanoptera__Thysanoptera thrips
subtype: #order_Dermaptera__Dermaptera earwigs and a few related forms
subtype: #order_Lepidoptera__Lepidoptera moths and butterflies
subtype: #order_Exocycloida__Exocycloida flat sea urchins
subtype: #order_Spatangoida__Spatangoida heart-shaped sea urchins
subtype: #order_Lagomorpha__Lagomorpha rabbits; hares; pikas; formerly considered the suborder Duplicidentata of the order Rodentia
subtype: #order_Rodentia__Rodentia small gnawing animals: porcupines; rats; mice; squirrels; marmots; beavers; gophers; voles; hamsters; guinea pigs; agoutis
subtype: #suborder_Myomorpha__Myomorpha true rats and mice and related rodents
subtype: #suborder_Hystricomorpha__Hystricomorpha an order of rodents including: porcupines; guinea pigs; chinchillas; etc.
subtype: #suborder_Sciuromorpha__Sciuromorpha large more or less primitive rodents: squirrels; marmots; gophers; beavers; etc.
subtype: #order_Dinocerata__Dinocerata small order of primitive ungulates of the Paleocene and Eocene
subtype: #order_Hyracoidea__Hyracoidea hyraxes and some extinct animals
subtype: #order_Perissodactyla__Perissodactyla nonruminant ungulates: horses; tapirs; rhinoceros; extinct forms
subtype: #order_Artiodactyla__Artiodactyla an order of hooved mammals of the subclass Eutheria (including pigs and peccaries and hippopotami and members of the suborder Ruminantia) having an even number of functional toes
subtype: #suborder_Ruminantia__Ruminantia cattle; bison; sheep; goats; antelopes; deer; chevrotains; giraffes; camels
subtype: #order_Edentata__Edentata order of mammals having few or no teeth including: New World anteaters; sloths; armadillos
subtype: #suborder_Xenarthra__Xenarthra armadillos; American anteaters; sloths
subtype: #order_Pholidota__Pholidota pangolins; in some former classifications included in the order Edentata
subtype: #order_Primates__Primates an animal order including lemurs and tarsiers and monkeys and apes and human beings
subtype: #suborder_Anthropoidea__Anthropoidea monkeys; apes; hominids
subtype: #order_Scandentia__Scandentia a small order comprising only the tree shrews: in some classifications tree shrews are considered either primates (and included in the suborder Prosimii) or true insectivores (and included in the order Insectivora)
subtype: #suborder_Prosimii__Prosimii not used in all classifications; in some classifications considered coextensive with the Lemuroidea; in others includes both Lemuroidea and Tarsioidea
subtype: #suborder_Lemuroidea__Lemuroidea Lemuridae; Lorisidae; Daubentoniidae; Indriidae; used in some classifications instead of Prosimii; in others considered a subdivision of Prosimii
subtype: #family_Daubentoniidae__Daubentoniidae comprising solely the aye-aye
subtype: #suborder_Strepsirhini__Strepsirhini in some classifications either coextensive with the Lemuroidea or comprising the true lemurs
subtype: #suborder_Tarsioidea__Tarsioidea in some classifications assigned to the suborder Prosimii
subtype: #order_Dermoptera__Dermoptera flying lemurs
subtype: #order_Proboscidea__Proboscidea an order of animals including elephants and mammoths
subtype: #order_Siluriformes__Siluriformes an order of fish belonging to the superorder Malacopterygii including catfishes
subtype: #order_Gadiformes__Gadiformes cods, haddocks, grenadiers; in some classifications considered equivalent to the order Anacanthini
subtype: #order_Anacanthini__Anacanthini at least partially equivalent to the order Gadiformes in some classifications
subtype: #order_Anguilliformes__Anguilliformes__order_Apodes elongate fishes with pelvic fins and girdle absent or reduced
subtype: #order_Isospondyli__Isospondyli most primitive teleost fishes; all are soft-finned: salmon; trout; herring; shad; sardines; anchovies; whitefish; smelts; tarpon
subtype: #order_Pediculati__Pediculati anglers and batfishes; spiny-finned marine fishes having pectoral fins at the ends of armlike processes and a long movable spine on the dorsal fin to lure prey to the large mouth
subtype: #order_Synentognathi__Synentognathi order of fishes having spineless fins; needlefishes; sauries; flying fishes; halfbeaks
subtype: #superorder_Acanthopterygii__Acanthopterygii teleost fishes having fins with sharp bony rays
subtype: #order_Perciformes__Perciformes__Percomorphi__order_Percomorphi one of the largest natural groups of fishes of both marine and fresh water: true perches; basses; tuna
subtype: #suborder_Percoidea__Percoidea in some classifications nearly or exactly equivalent to the Perciformes which are considered a suborder
subtype: #order_Discocephali__Discocephali small order of fishes comprising the remoras
subtype: #suborder_Mugiloidea__Mugiloidea fishes distinguished by abdominal pelvic fins: families Mugilidae; Atherinidae; Sphyraenidae
subtype: #suborder_Blennioidea__Blennioidea blennies; butterfishes; gunnels
subtype: #suborder_Scombroidea__Scombroidea mackerels; tunas; albacores; bonitos; swordfishes; sailfishes
subtype: #order_Ganoidei__Ganoidei a group of mostly extinct primitive bony fishes characterized by armor-like bony scales
subtype: #order_Scleroparei__Scleroparei scorpionfishes; sculpins; gurnards; greenlings; flying gurnards
subtype: #suborder_Scorpaenoidea__Scorpaenoidea mail-cheeked fishes: scorpionfishes; gurnards
subtype: #order_Plectognathi__Plectognathi__order_Tetraodontiformes boxfishes; filefishes; globefishes; ocean sunfishes; triggerfishes; puffers
subtype: #order_Heterosomata__Heterosomata__order_Pleuronectiformes flatfishes: halibut; sole; flounder; plaice; turbot; tonguefishes
subtype: #protoctist_order the order of protoctista
subtype: #order_Heterotrichales__Heterotrichales yellow-green algae with simple or branching filaments; comprising the single family Tribonemaceae
subtype: #order_Laminariales__Laminariales in some classifications coextensive with family Laminariaceae: marine brown algae of cold or polar seas
subtype: #order_Ulvales__Ulvales an order of protoctista
subtype: #order_Volvocales__Volvocales chiefly freshwater green algae; solitary or colonial
subtype: #order_Chlorococcales__Chlorococcales unicellular green algae that reproduce by spores
subtype: #Oedogoniales__order_oedogoniales simple or branched filamentous freshwater green algae
subtype: #order_Charales__Charales small order of macroscopic fresh and brackish water algae with a distinct axis: stoneworts
subtype: #plant_order__plantorder the order of plants
subtype: #order_Anthocerotales__Anthocerotales hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
subtype: #order_Andreaeales__Andreaeales comprises a single genus: Andreaea
subtype: #order_Bryales__Bryales category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space
subtype: #order_Dicranales__Dicranales widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems
subtype: #order_Eubryales__Eubryales mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules
subtype: #order_Sphagnales__Sphagnales coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass
subtype: #order_Jungermanniales__Jungermanniales large order of chiefly tropical liverworts
subtype: #order_Marchantiales__Marchantiales liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally
subtype: #order_Sphaerocarpales__Sphaerocarpales small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales
subtype: #order_Gnetales__Gnetales chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms
subtype: #order_Cycadales__Cycadales primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms
subtype: #order_Bennettitales__Bennettitales fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
subtype: #order_Cycadofilicales__Cycadofilicales__Lyginopteridales__order_Lyginopteridales fossil gymnospermous trees or climbing plants from the Devonian: seed ferns
subtype: #order_Cordaitales__Cordaitales extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian; probably extinct since the Mesozoic
subtype: #order_Coniferales__Coniferales profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves
subtype: #order_Taxales__Taxales coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews
subtype: #order_Ginkgoales__Ginkgoales coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales
subtype: #order_Ranales__Ranales__Ranunculales__order_Ranunculales herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae
subtype: #order_Myricales__Myricales coextensive with the family Myricaceae
subtype: #order_Arales__Arales Araceae; Lemnaceae
subtype: #order_Aristolochiales__Aristolochiales order of plants distinguished by tubular petaloid perianth and inferior ovary
subtype: #order_Caryophyllales__Caryophyllales__Chenopodiales__order-Chenopodiales corresponds approximately to the older group Centrospermae
subtype: #order_Opuntiales__Opuntiales coextensive with the family Cactaceae: cactuses
subtype: #order_Rhoeadales__Rhoeadales__Papaverales__order_Papaverales an order of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Campanulales__Campanulales an order or plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae
subtype: #order_Orchidales__Orchidales order of plants with irregular flowers having minute seeds: Orchidaceae; Burmanniaceae
subtype: #order_Primulales__Primulales Primulaceae; Theophrastaceae; Myrsinaceae; and (in some classifications) Plumbaginaceae
subtype: #order_Plumbaginales__Plumbaginales coextensive with the family Plumbaginaceae; usually included in order Primulales
subtype: #order_Graminales__Graminales grasses; sedges; rushes
subtype: #order_Pandanales__Pandanales families Typhaceae; Sparganiaceae; Pandanaceae
subtype: #order_Malvales__Malvales Malvaceae; Bombacaceae; Elaeocarpaceae; Sterculiaceae; Tiliaceae
subtype: #order_Umbellales__Umbellales plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)
subtype: #order_Proteales__Proteales coextensive with the family Proteaceae
subtype: #order_Casuarinales__Casuarinales order of chiefly Australian trees and shrubs comprising the casuarinas; 1 family: Casuarinaceae
subtype: #order_Ericales__Ericales Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae
subtype: #family_Ericaceae__Ericaceae__heath_family__heathfamily heathers
subtype: #order_Diapensiales__Diapensiales used in some classifications: coextensive with family Diapensiaceae
subtype: #order_Fagales__Fagales an order of dicotyledonous trees of the subclass Hamamelidae
subtype: #order_Gentianales__Gentianales an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae
subtype: #order_Oleales__Oleales coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales
subtype: #order_Juglandales__Juglandales coextensive with the family Juglandaceae
subtype: #order_Myrtales__Myrtales__Thymelaeales__order_Thymelaeales Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae
subtype: #order_Musales__Musales tropical plants
subtype: #order_Parietales__Parietales__Hypericales__order_Hypericales a large order of dicotyledonous plants of subclass Dilleniidae
subtype: #order_Guttiferales__Guttiferales used in some classifications; coextensive with Parietales
subtype: #order_Urticales__Urticales an order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae
subtype: #order_Liliales__Liliales an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae
subtype: #order_Palmales__Palmales coextensive with the family Palmae: palms
subtype: #order_Plantaginales__Plantaginales coextensive with the family Plantaginaceae
subtype: #order_Polygonales__Polygonales coextensive with the family Polygonaceae,
subtype: #order_Xyridales__Xyridales__Commelinales__order_Commelinales an order of monocotyledonous herbs
subtype: #order_Naiadales__Naiadales__Alismales__order_Alismales an order of aquatic monocotyledonous herbaceous plants
subtype: #order_Rosales__Rosales in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae
subtype: #order_Rubiales__Rubiales an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary
subtype: #order_Geraniales__Geraniales an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae
subtype: #order_Salicales__Salicales coextensive with the family Salicaceae
subtype: #order_Santalales__Santalales order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots
subtype: #order_Sapindales__Sapindales an order od dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Ebenales__Ebenales trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae
subtype: #order_Sarraceniales__Sarraceniales plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae
subtype: #order_Polemoniales__Polemoniales Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #order_Scrophulariales__Scrophulariales used in some classification systems; often included in the order Polemoniales
subtype: #order_Ophioglossales__Ophioglossales coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae
subtype: #order_Rhamnales__Rhamnales an order of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #order_Piperales__Piperales Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae
subtype: #order_Filicales__Filicales__Polypodiales__order_Polypodiales true (leptosporangiate) ferns
subtype: #order_Marattiales__Marattiales lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae
subtype: #order_Psilotales__Psilotales lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots
subtype: #order_Psilophytales__Psilophytales Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants
subtype: #order_Equisetales__Equisetales lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian
subtype: #order_Lepidodendrales__Lepidodendrales fossil arborescent plants arising during the Lower Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous
subtype: #order_Lycopodiales__Lycopodiales lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
subtype: #order_Selaginellales__Selaginellales in some classifications included in Lycopodiales
subtype: #order_Isoetales__Isoetales aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales
subtype: #fungus_order the order of fungi
subtype: #order_Erysiphales__Erysiphales saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants
subtype: #order_Sphaeriales__Sphaeriales large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
subtype: #order_Hypocreales__Hypocreales used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae
subtype: #order_Helotiales__Helotiales order of fungi having asci in a disk- to goblet-shaped apothecium
subtype: #order_Sclerodermatales__Sclerodermatales an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
subtype: #order_Hymenogastrales__Hymenogastrales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
subtype: #order_Mucorales__Mucorales an order of mostly saprophytic fungi
subtype: #order_Entomophthorales__Entomophthorales coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae
subtype: #order_Chytridiales__Chytridiales simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
subtype: #order_Blastocladiales__Blastocladiales fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
subtype: #order_Saprolegniales__Saprolegniales order of chiefly aquatic fungi
subtype: #order_Peronosporales__Peronosporales order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae
subtype: #order_Tuberales__Tuberales small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
subtype: #order_Lichenales__Lichenales category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
subtype: #order_Lechanorales__Lechanorales category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia
subtype: #order_Agaricales__Agaricales typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
subtype: #order_Endomycetales__Endomycetales fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
subtype: #order_Eurotiales__Eurotiales__Aspergillales__order_Aspergillales order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium
subtype: #order_Pezizales__Pezizales order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps
subtype: #order_Tulostomatales__Tulostomatales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
subtype: #order_Lycoperdales__Lycoperdales small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars
subtype: #order_Nidulariales__Nidulariales small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae
subtype: #order_Secotiales__Secotiales an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
subtype: #order_Aphyllophorales__Aphyllophorales includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales
subtype: #order_Tremellales__Tremellales fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic
subtype: #order_Auriculariales__Auriculariales coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales
subtype: #order_Uredinales__Uredinales rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in
subtype: #order_Ustilaginales__Ustilaginales parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes
subtype: #order_Moniliales__Moniliales order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
subtype: #order_Mycelia_Sterilia__Mycelia_Sterilia order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage
subtype: #suborder (biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order
subtype: #superorder (biology) a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass
subtype: #family (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera; "sharks belong to the fish family"
subtype: #bacteria_family a family of bacteria
subtype: #family_Rhizobiaceae__Rhizobiaceae a small family of rod-shaped bacteria
subtype: #family_Bacillaceae__Bacillaceae typically rod-shaped usually gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores
subtype: #family_Myxophyceae__Myxophyceae__Schizophyceae__family_Schizophyceae former terms for Cyanophyceae
subtype: #family_Nostocaceae__Nostocaceae blue-green algae
subtype: #family_Oscillatoriaceae__Oscillatoriaceae blue green algae
subtype: #family_Pseudomonodaceae__Pseudomonodaceae rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens
subtype: #family_Athiorhodaceae__Athiorhodaceae small motile sulphur bacteria
subtype: #family_Thiobacteriaceae__Thiobacteriaceae free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds
subtype: #family_Spirillaceae__Spirillaceae rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria
subtype: #family_Bacteroidaceae__Bacteroidaceae family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
subtype: #family_Enterobacteriaceae__Enterobacteriaceae a large family of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
subtype: #family_Rickettsiaceae__Rickettsiaceae microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates
subtype: #family_Chlamydiaceae__Chlamydiaceae gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates
subtype: #family_Mycoplasmataceae__Mycoplasmataceae pleomorphic gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals
subtype: #family_Actinomycetaceae__Actinomycetaceae filamentous anaerobic bacteria
subtype: #family_Streptomycetaceae__Streptomycetaceae higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes
subtype: #family_Mycobacteriaceae__Mycobacteriaceae a family of bacteria
subtype: #family_Polyangiaceae__Polyangiaceae__Myxobacteriaceae__family_Myxobacteriaceae bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung
subtype: #family_Micrococcaceae__Micrococcaceae spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes
subtype: #family_Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacteriaceae__family_Lactobacteriaceae lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid
subtype: #family_Spirochaetaceae__Spirochaetaceae large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters
subtype: #family_Treponemataceae__Treponemataceae small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic
subtype: #protoctist_family any of the families of Protoctista
subtype: #family_Globigerinidae__Globigerinidae a family of protoctists
subtype: #family_Nummulitidae__Nummulitidae a family of fossil protoctists
subtype: #family_Arcellidae__Arcellidae soil an freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan
subtype: #family_Tribonemaceae__Tribonemaceae simple filamentous freshwater yellow-green algae
subtype: #family_Laminariaceae__Laminariaceae large family of marine brown algae including many economically important large kelps chiefly of northern waters
subtype: #family_Fucaceae__Fucaceae small family of brown algae: gulfweeds; rockweeds
subtype: #family_Euglenaceae__Euglenaceae considered green algae
subtype: #family_Ulvaceae__Ulvaceae__sea-lettuce_family__sealettucefamily thin flat or tubular green algae
subtype: #family_Volvocaceae__Volvocaceae unicellular or colonial biflagellate free-swimming flagellates
subtype: #family_Chlamydomonadaceae__Chlamydomonadaceae green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome
subtype: #family_Zygnemataceae__Zygnemataceae pond scums: common freshwater algae forming green slimy masses
subtype: #family_Oedogoniaceae__Oedogoniaceae filamentous green algae
subtype: #family_Characeae__Characeae green algae superficially resembling horsetail ferns: stoneworts
subtype: #family_Desmidiaceae__Desmidiaceae unicellular algae
subtype: #family_Gigartinaceae__Gigartinaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: #family_Rhodymeniaceae__Rhodymeniaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: #family_Bangiaceae__Bangiaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: #family_Peridiniidae__Peridiniidae marine and freshwater dinoflagellates
subtype: #family_Eimeriidae__Eimeriidae a family of protoctista in the order Coccidia
subtype: #family_Plasmodiidae__Plasmodiidae malaria parasites
subtype: #family_Haemoproteidae__Haemoproteidae bird parasites
subtype: #family_Babesiidae__Babesiidae piroplasms and cattle pathogens
subtype: #family_Endamoebidae__Endamoebidae a large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract
subtype: #fish_family any of various families of fish
subtype: #family_Cobitidae__Cobitidae loaches
subtype: #family_Cyprinidae__Cyprinidae a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace
subtype: #family_Electrophoridae__Electrophoridae small family comprising the electric eels
subtype: #family_Catostomidae__Catostomidae suckers; closely related to the family Cyprinidae
subtype: #family_Cyprinodontidae__Cyprinodontidae large family of small soft-finned fishes; killifishes; flagfishes; swordtails; guppies
subtype: #family_Poeciliidae__Poeciliidae topminnows
subtype: #family_Holocentridae__Holocentridae squirrelfishes and soldierfishes
subtype: #family_Anomalopidae__Anomalopidae a family of fish including: flashlight fishes
subtype: #family_Zeidae__Zeidae a family of fish in the order Zeomorphi
subtype: #family_Caproidae__Caproidae boarfishes
subtype: #family_Fistulariidae__Fistulariidae cornetfishes
subtype: #family_Gasterosteidae__Gasterosteidae sticklebacks
subtype: #family_Syngnathidae__Syngnathidae pipefishes
subtype: #family_Macrorhamphosidae__Macrorhamphosidae bellows fishes
subtype: #family_Centriscidae__Centriscidae shrimpfishes
subtype: #family_Aulostomidae__Aulostomidae trumpetfishes
subtype: #family_Petromyzontidae__Petromyzontidae lampreys
subtype: #family_Myxinidae__Myxinidae slime-producing marine animals: hagfishes
subtype: #family_Chimaeridae__Chimaeridae a family of Holocephali
subtype: #family_Hexanchidae__Hexanchidae primitive sharks
subtype: #family_Lamnidae__Lamnidae oceanic sharks
subtype: #family_Isuridae__Isuridae in some classifications another name for the family Lamnidae
subtype: #family_Cetorhinidae__Cetorhinidae in some older classifications considered the family of the basking sharks
subtype: #family_Alopiidae__Alopiidae thresher sharks
subtype: #family_Orectolobidae__Orectolobidae nurse sharks and carpet sharks
subtype: #family_Carchariidae__Carchariidae__Odontaspididae__family_Odontaspididae sand sharks; in some classifications coextensive with family Carcharhinidae
subtype: #family_Rhincodontidae__Rhincodontidae small-toothed sharks comprising only one species
subtype: #family_Scyliorhinidae__Scyliorhinidae small bottom-dwelling sharks
subtype: #family_Carcharhinidae__Carcharhinidae largest family of living sharks; found worldwide especially in tropical waters; dorsal fin lacks spines: requiem sharks including tiger sharks and soupfin sharks
subtype: #family_Triakidae__Triakidae small smooth-skinned sharks lacking spines on dorsal fins
subtype: #family_Squalidae__Squalidae dogfishes having a spine in each dorsal fin
subtype: #family_Sphyrnidae__Sphyrnidae hammerhead sharks; bonnethead sharks
subtype: #family_Squatinidae__Squatinidae bottom-dwelling ray-like sharks
subtype: #family_Torpedinidae__Torpedinidae electric rays
subtype: #family_Pristidae__Pristidae large primitive rays with elongated snouts
subtype: #family_Rhinobatidae__Rhinobatidae primitive rays with guitar-shaped bodies
subtype: #family_Dasyatidae__Dasyatidae sting rays
subtype: #family_Myliobatidae__Myliobatidae eagle rays
subtype: #family_Mobulidae__Mobulidae large rays lacking venomous spines: mantas
subtype: #family_Rajidae__Rajidae bottom-dwelling tropical rays: skates
subtype: #family_Latimeridae__Latimeridae extinct except for the coelacanth
subtype: #family_Ceratodontidae__Ceratodontidae lungfishes having hornlike ridges on the teeth
subtype: #family_Siluridae__Siluridae Old World catfishes
subtype: #family_Ameiuridae__Ameiuridae North American catfishes
subtype: #family_Laricariidae__Laricariidae armored catfish
subtype: #family_Ariidae__Ariidae sea catfishes
subtype: #family_Gadidae__Gadidae large family of important mostly marine food fishes
subtype: #family_Macrouridae__Macrouridae__Macruridae__family_Macruridae grenadiers
subtype: #family_Anguillidae__Anguillidae eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to the sea to spawn
subtype: #family_Muraenidae__Muraenidae marine eels
subtype: #family_Congridae__Congridae marine eels
subtype: #family_Gonorhynchidae__Gonorhynchidae coextensive with the genus Gonorhynchus
subtype: #family_Clupeidae__Clupeidae herrings; shad; sardines; etc.
subtype: #family_Engraulidae__Engraulidae anchovies
subtype: #family_Salmonidae__Salmonidae salmon and trout
subtype: #family_Coregonidae__Coregonidae soft-finned fishes comprising the freshwater whitefishes; formerly included in the family Salmonidae
subtype: #family_Osmeridae__Osmeridae smelts
subtype: #family_Elopidae__Elopidae tarpons and ladyfishes
subtype: #family_Albulidae__Albulidae bonefish
subtype: #family_Argentinidae__Argentinidae small marine soft-finned fishes with long silvery bodies; related to salmons and trouts
subtype: #family_Myctophidae__Myctophidae deep-sea fishes comprising the lantern fishes
subtype: #family_Synodontidae__Synodontidae soft-finned bottom-dwelling fishes
subtype: #family_Chlorophthalmidae__Chlorophthalmidae small family of soft-finned bottom-livers with large eyes; relatives of lizardfishes
subtype: #family_Lampridae__Lampridae opahs
subtype: #family_Trachipteridae__Trachipteridae ribbonfishes
subtype: #family_Regalecidae__Regalecidae ribbonfishes
subtype: #family_Ogcocephalidae__Ogcocephalidae batfishes: sluggish bottom-dwelling spiny fishes
subtype: #family_Lophiidae__Lophiidae large-headed marine fishes comprising the anglers
subtype: #family_Batrachoididae__Batrachoididae toadfishes; related to anglers and batfishes
subtype: #family_Antennariidae__Antennariidae frogfishes; tropical spiny-finned marine fishes having large nearly vertical mouths; related to toadfishes and anglers
subtype: #family_Belonidae__Belonidae ferocious fishes of warm regions resembling but unrelated to the freshwater gars
subtype: #family_Exocoetidae__Exocoetidae flying fishes; closely related to the halfbeaks
subtype: #family_Hemiramphidae__Hemiramphidae halfbeaks; marine and freshwater fishes closely related to the flying fishes but not able to glide
subtype: #family_Scomberesocidae__Scomberesocidae__Scombresocidae__family_Scombresocidae only sauries
subtype: #family_Ophiodontidae__Ophiodontidae fishes closely related to greenlings
subtype: #family_Percidae__Percidae active freshwater fishes; true perches and pike perches
subtype: #family_Trichodontidae__Trichodontidae two species of elongate compressed scaleless large-eyed fishes that live in sand or mud
subtype: #family_Ophidiidae__Ophidiidae eel-like marine fishes
subtype: #family_Brotulidae__Brotulidae chiefly deep-sea fishes related to the Ophidiidae
subtype: #family_Carapidae__Carapidae pearlfishes: related to the Brotulidae
subtype: #family_Centropomidae__Centropomidae a family of fish or the order Perciformes including robolos
subtype: #family_Esocidae__Esocidae pikes; pickerels; muskellunges
subtype: #family_Centrarchidae__Centrarchidae sunfish family
subtype: #family_Serranidae__Serranidae marine fishes: sea basses; sea perches; groupers; jewfish
subtype: #family_Embiotocidae__Embiotocidae viviparous percoid fishes comprising the surf fishes
subtype: #family_Priacanthidae__Priacanthidae small carnivorous percoid fishes found worldwide in tropical seas
subtype: #family_Apogonidae__Apogonidae bright-colored marine fishes that incubate eggs in the mouth
subtype: #family_Malacanthidae__Malacanthidae short-headed marine fishes; often brightly colored
subtype: #family_Pomatomidae__Pomatomidae food and game fishes related to pompanos
subtype: #family_Rachycentridae__Rachycentridae family of pelagic fishes containing solely the cobia
subtype: #family_Echeneididae__Echeneididae__family_Echeneidae fishes having a sucking disk on the head for clinging to other fishes and to ships
subtype: #family_Carangidae__Carangidae large family of narrow-bodied marine food fishes with widely forked tails; chiefly of warm seas
subtype: #family_Coryphaenidae__Coryphaenidae large active pelagic percoid fish
subtype: #family_Bramidae__Bramidae deep-bodied percoid fishes of the open seas
subtype: #family_Branchiostegidae__Branchiostegidae small family of marine fishes having covered gills
subtype: #family_Characidae__Characidae tropical freshwater fishes of Africa and S and Central America
subtype: #family_Characinidae__Characinidae former name of the Characidae
subtype: #family_Cichlidae__Cichlidae cichlids
subtype: #family_Lutjanidae__Lutjanidae snappers
subtype: #family_Haemulidae__Haemulidae grunts
subtype: #family_Sparidae__Sparidae porgies; scups
subtype: #family_Sciaenidae__Sciaenidae warm-water marine fishes including the drums and grunts and croakers and sea trout
subtype: #family_Mullidae__Mullidae goatfishes or red mullets
subtype: #family_Mugilidae__Mugilidae gray mullets
subtype: #family_Atherinidae__Atherinidae small spiny-finned fishes of both salt and fresh water
subtype: #family_Sphyraenidae__Sphyraenidae monotypic family of large active fishes of tropical and subtropical waters: barracuda
subtype: #family_Pempheridae__Pempheridae sweepers
subtype: #family_Kyphosidae__Kyphosidae sea chubs
subtype: #family_Ephippidae__Ephippidae small family comprising the spadefishes
subtype: #family_Chaetodontidae__Chaetodontidae butterfly fishes
subtype: #family_Pomacentridae__Pomacentridae damselfishes
subtype: #family_Labridae__Labridae wrasses
subtype: #family_Scaridae__Scaridae parrotfishes
subtype: #family_Polynemidae__Polynemidae threadfins
subtype: #family_Opisthognathidae__Opisthognathidae jawfishes
subtype: #family_Uranoscopidae__Uranoscopidae stargazers
subtype: #family_Dactyloscopidae__Dactyloscopidae sand stargazers
subtype: #family_Blenniidae__Blenniidae a family of fish including: combtooth blennies
subtype: #family_Clinidae__Clinidae viviparous blennies of temperate and tropical seas
subtype: #family_Pholidae__Pholidae__family_Pholididae a family of fish of suborder Blennioidea
subtype: #family_Stichaeidae__Stichaeidae pricklebacks
subtype: #family_Anarhichadidae__Anarhichadidae wolffishes
subtype: #family_Zoarcidae__Zoarcidae eelpouts
subtype: #family_Ammodytidae__Ammodytidae sand lances
subtype: #family_Callionymidae__Callionymidae dragonets
subtype: #family_Gobiidae__Gobiidae gobies
subtype: #family_Eleotridae__Eleotridae sleepers
subtype: #family_Percophidae__Percophidae percoid flatheads
subtype: #family_Toxotidae__Toxotidae archerfishes
subtype: #family_Microdesmidae__Microdesmidae wormfishes
subtype: #family_Acanthuridae__Acanthuridae surgeonfishes
subtype: #family_Gempylidae__Gempylidae snake mackerels
subtype: #family_Trichiuridae__Trichiuridae cutlassfishes
subtype: #family_Scombridae__Scombridae marine food fishes: mackerels; chub mackerels; tuna
subtype: #Katsuwonidae__family_Kasuwonidae in some classifications considered a separate family comprising the oceanic bonitos
subtype: #family_Xiphiidae__Xiphiidae comprising the common swordfishes
subtype: #family_Istiophoridae__Istiophoridae sailfishes; spearfishes; marlins
subtype: #family_Luvaridae__Luvaridae louvars
subtype: #family_Stromateidae__Stromateidae butterfishes: harvest fishes; dollar fishes
subtype: #family_Gobiesocidae__Gobiesocidae clingfishes
subtype: #family_Lobotidae__Lobotidae tripletails
subtype: #family_Gerreidae__Gerreidae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae mojarras
subtype: #family_Sillaginidae__Sillaginidae small family of small food fishes in shallow waters of the Pacific around Indonesia
subtype: #family_Amiidae__Amiidae only the bowfins
subtype: #family_Polyodontidae__Polyodontidae paddlefishes
subtype: #family_Acipenseridae__Acipenseridae sturgeons
subtype: #family_Lepisosteidae__Lepisosteidae comprises the genus Lepisosteus
subtype: #family_Scorpaenidae__Scorpaenidae scorpionfishes; rockfishes; lionfishes
subtype: #family_Cottidae__Cottidae sculpins
subtype: #family_Cyclopteridae__Cyclopteridae lumpfishes
subtype: #family_Liparididae__Liparididae__Liparidae__family_Liparidae snailfishes
subtype: #family_Agonidae__Agonidae poachers
subtype: #family_Hexagrammidae__Hexagrammidae greenlings
subtype: #family_Platycephalidae__Platycephalidae scorpaenoid flatheads
subtype: #family_Triglidae__Triglidae in some classifications restricted to the gurnards and subdivided into the subfamilies Triglinae (true sea robins) and Peristediinae (armored sea robins)
subtype: #subfamily_Triglinae__Triglinae in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising searobins having ordinary scales and no barbels (true searobins)
subtype: #subfamily_Peristediinae__Peristediinae in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising the armored searobins
subtype: #family_Dactylopteridae__Dactylopteridae flying gurnards
subtype: #family_Balistidae__Balistidae triggerfishes
subtype: #family_Monocanthidae__Monocanthidae filefishes
subtype: #family_Ostraciidae__Ostraciidae__family_Ostraciontidae boxfishes
subtype: #family_Tetraodontidae__Tetraodontidae puffers
subtype: #family_Diodontidae__Diodontidae spiny puffers
subtype: #family_Molidae__Molidae ocean sunfishes
subtype: #family_Pleuronectidae__Pleuronectidae righteye flounders
subtype: #family_Bothidae__Bothidae a family of fish of the order Heterosomata
subtype: #family_Cynoglossidae__Cynoglossidae tonguefishes
subtype: #family_Soleidae__Soleidae soles
subtype: #chordate_family any family in the phylum Chordata
subtype: #family_Amphioxidae__Amphioxidae__Branchiostomidae__family_Branchiostomidae lancelets
subtype: #family_Salpidae__Salpidae a small family of tunicates in the class Thaliacea
subtype: #family_Doliolidae__Doliolidae oceanic tunicates
subtype: #bird_family a family of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
subtype: #family_Struthionidae__Struthionidae tall terrestrial birds: ostriches
subtype: #family_Casuaridae__Casuaridae a family of large ostrich-like birds including cassowaries
subtype: #family_Apterygidae__Apterygidae coextensive with the order Apterygiformes
subtype: #family_Rheidae__Rheidae a family of birds coextensive with the order Rheiformes
subtype: #family_Aepyornidae__Aepyornidae coextensive with the order Aepyorniformes
subtype: #family_Dinornithidae__Dinornithidae moas
subtype: #family_Meliphagidae__Meliphagidae honey eaters
subtype: #family_Prunellidae__Prunellidae hedge sparrow
subtype: #family_Alaudidae__Alaudidae larks
subtype: #family_Motacillidae__Motacillidae pipits and wagtails
subtype: #family_Fringillidae__Fringillidae finches: goldfinches; bullfinches; chaffinches; siskins; canaries; cardinals; grosbeaks; crossbills; linnets; buntings
subtype: #subfamily_Carduelinae__Carduelinae used in some classifications for a subgroup of finches
subtype: #subfamily_Emberizidae__Emberizidae__subfamily_Emberizinae buntings and some New World sparrows
subtype: #family_Coerebidae__Coerebidae__Dacninae__family_Dacninae the honeycreepers
subtype: #family_Passeridae__Passeridae true sparrows: Old world birds formerly considered weaverbirds
subtype: #family_Ploceidae__Ploceidae weaverbirds
subtype: #family_Drepanididae__Drepanididae Hawaiian honeycreepers
subtype: #family_Menuridae__Menuridae lyrebirds
subtype: #family_Atrichornithidae__Atrichornithidae scrubbirds
subtype: #family_Eurylaimidae__Eurylaimidae coextensive with the suborder Eurylaimi
subtype: #superfamily_Tyrannidae__Tyrannidae New World tyrant flycatchers most numerous in Central and South America but also in the United States and Canada
subtype: #family_Cotingidae__Cotingidae cotingas; umbrella birds
subtype: #family_Pipridae__Pipridae manakins
subtype: #family_Furnariidae__Furnariidae e.g. ovenbirds
subtype: #family_Formicariidae__Formicariidae antbirds
subtype: #family_Dendrocolaptidae__Dendrocolaptidae woodhewers or woodcreepers
subtype: #family_Pittidae__Pittidae pittas
subtype: #family_Muscicapidae__Muscicapidae Old World (true) flycatchers
subtype: #family_Turdidae__Turdidae thrushes; in some classifications considered a subfamily (Turdinae) of the family Muscicapidae
subtype: #subfamily_Turdinae__Turdinae alternative classification for the thrushes
subtype: #family_Sylviidae__Sylviidae in some classifications considered a subfamily (Sylviinae) of the family Muscicapidae: Old World (true) warblers; American kinglets and gnatcatchers
subtype: #subfamily_Sylviinae__Sylviinae alternative classification for the Old World warblers
subtype: #family_Timaliidae__Timaliidae babblers
subtype: #family_Parulidae__Parulidae New World warblers
subtype: #family_Paradisaeidae__Paradisaeidae birds of paradise
subtype: #family_Icteridae__Icteridae American orioles; American blackbirds; bobolinks; meadowlarks
subtype: #family_Oriolidae__Oriolidae Old World orioles
subtype: #family_Sturnidae__Sturnidae Old World starlings
subtype: #family_Corvidae__Corvidae crow; raven; rook; jackdaw; chough; magpie; jay
subtype: #subfamily_Garrulinae__Garrulinae subfamily of the crow family: jays
subtype: #family_Cracticidae__Cracticidae Australian birds formerly included in the family Laniidae
subtype: #family_Troglodytidae__Troglodytidae wrens
subtype: #family_Mimidae__Mimidae sometimes considered a subfamily of Troglodytidae: mockingbirds; catbirds; thrashers
subtype: #family_Xenicidae__Xenicidae__Acanthisittidae__family_Acanthisittidae alternative names for the family comprising the New Zealand wrens
subtype: #family_Certhiidae__Certhiidae creepers
subtype: #family_Sittidae__Sittidae nuthatches
subtype: #family_Paridae__Paridae titmice and chickadees
subtype: #family_Irenidae__Irenidae a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
subtype: #family_Hirundinidae__Hirundinidae swallows and martins
subtype: #family_Artamidae__Artamidae wood swallows
subtype: #family_Thraupidae__Thraupidae tanagers
subtype: #family_Laniidae__Laniidae shrikes
subtype: #subfamily_Malaconotinae__Malaconotinae African bush shrikes
subtype: #family_Ptilonorhynchidae__Ptilonorhynchidae bowerbirds
subtype: #family_Cinclidae__Cinclidae water ouzels
subtype: #family_Vireonidae__Vireonidae small insectivorous American songbirds
subtype: #family_Bombycillidae__Bombycillidae a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
subtype: #family_Accipitridae__Accipitridae hawks; Old World vultures; kites; harriers; eagles
subtype: #family_Falconidae__Falconidae a family of birds of the order Falconiformes
subtype: #family_Pandionidae__Pandionidae ospreys
subtype: #family_Sagittariidae__Sagittariidae secretary birds
subtype: #family_Cathartidae__Cathartidae condors; turkey buzzards; king vultures
subtype: #family_Strigidae__Strigidae a family of nocturnal birds of the order Strigiformes
subtype: #family_Tytonidae__Tytonidae comprising only the barn owls
subtype: #family_Meleagrididae__Meleagrididae turkeys and some extinct forms
subtype: #family_Tetraonidae__Tetraonidae grouse
subtype: #family_Cracidae__Cracidae curassows; guans; chachalacas
subtype: #family_Megapodiidae__Megapodiidae megapodes
subtype: #family_Phasianidae__Phasianidae pheasants; quails; partridges
subtype: #subfamily_Perdicidae__Perdicidae__Perdicinae__subfamily_Perdicinae Old World partridges
subtype: #subfamily_Numididae__Numididae__Numidinae__subfamily_Numidinae guinea fowl and related birds of Africa and Madagascar
subtype: #family_Opisthocomidae__Opisthocomidae comprising the hoatzins
subtype: #family_Tinamidae__Tinamidae comprising the tinamous
subtype: #family_Raphidae__Raphidae extinct dodos and solitaires
subtype: #family_Columbidae__Columbidae doves and pigeons
subtype: #family_Pteroclididae__Pteroclididae sandgrouses
subtype: #family_Psittacidae__Psittacidae coextensive with the order Psittaciformes
subtype: #subfamily_Loriinae__Loriinae lories
subtype: #family_Cuculidae__Cuculidae includes cuckoo; ani; roadrunner
subtype: #family_Musophagidae__Musophagidae touracos
subtype: #family_Coraciidae__Coraciidae rollers
subtype: #family_Alcedinidae__Alcedinidae kingfishers
subtype: #family_Meropidae__Meropidae bee-eaters
subtype: #family_Bucerotidae__Bucerotidae hornbills
subtype: #family_Upupidae__Upupidae hoopoes
subtype: #family_Phoeniculidae__Phoeniculidae wood hoopoes
subtype: #family_Momotidae__Momotidae a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #family_Todidae__Todidae a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #family_Apodidae__Apodidae swifts; in former classifications included in the order Coraciiformes
subtype: #family_Hemiprocnidae__Hemiprocnidae tree swifts
subtype: #family_Trochilidae__Trochilidae hummingbirds
subtype: #family_Caprimulgidae__Caprimulgidae goatsuckers
subtype: #family_Podargidae__Podargidae frogmouths
subtype: #family_Steatornithidae__Steatornithidae oilbirds
subtype: #family_Picidae__Picidae woodpeckers
subtype: #family_Capitonidae__Capitonidae barbets
subtype: #family_Bucconidae__Bucconidae puffbirds
subtype: #family_Indicatoridae__Indicatoridae honey guides
subtype: #family_Galbulidae__Galbulidae jacamars
subtype: #family_Ramphastidae__Ramphastidae toucans
subtype: #family_Trogonidae__Trogonidae coextensive with the order Trogoniformes
subtype: #family_Anatidae__Anatidae swimming birds having heavy short-legged bodies and bills with a horny tip: swans; geese; ducks
subtype: #subfamily_Merginae__Merginae mergansers and closely related diving birds
subtype: #subfamily_Anserinae__Anserinae used in some classifications for the swans
subtype: #family_Anhimidae__Anhimidae screamers
subtype: #family_Ciconiidae__Ciconiidae storks
subtype: #family_Balaenicipitidae__Balaenicipitidae shoebills
subtype: #family_Threskiornithidae__Threskiornithidae__family_Ibidiidae ibises
subtype: #family_Plataleidae__Plataleidae spoonbills
subtype: #family_Phoenicopteridae__Phoenicopteridae flamingos
subtype: #family_Ardeidae__Ardeidae herons; egrets; night herons; bitterns
subtype: #family_Gruidae__Gruidae cranes
subtype: #family_Cariamidae__Cariamidae cranelike South American wading birds
subtype: #family_Rallidae__Rallidae rails; crakes; gallinules; coots
subtype: #family_Otididae__Otididae bustards
subtype: #family_Turnicidae__Turnicidae small Old World birds resembling but not related to true quail
subtype: #family_Psophiidae__Psophiidae trumpeters
subtype: #family_Charadriidae__Charadriidae plover family
subtype: #family_Scolopacidae__Scolopacidae sandpiper family: sandpipers; woodcocks; snipes; tattlers; curlews; godwits; dowitchers
subtype: #family_Recurvirostridae__Recurvirostridae long-legged shorebirds
subtype: #family_Haematopodidae__Haematopodidae oystercatchers
subtype: #family_Phalaropidae__Phalaropidae phalaropes
subtype: #family_Glareolidae__Glareolidae Old World shorebirds: pratincoles and coursers
subtype: #family_Burhinidae__Burhinidae large wading birds resembling the plovers: stone curlews
subtype: #family_Laridae__Laridae gull family: gulls and terns
subtype: #subfamily_Sterninae__subfamilysterninae__Sterninae terns
subtype: #family_Rynchopidae__Rynchopidae coextensive with the genus Rynchops: skimmers
subtype: #family_Stercorariidae__Stercorariidae jaegers and skuas:
subtype: #family_Alcidae__Alcidae web-footed diving seabirds of northern seas: auks; puffins; guillemots; murres; etc.
subtype: #family_Gavidae__Gavidae loon family
subtype: #family_Podicipedidae__Podicipedidae coextensive with the order Podicipitiformes
subtype: #family_Pelecanidae__Pelecanidae pelicans
subtype: #family_Fregatidae__Fregatidae frigate birds
subtype: #family_Sulidae__Sulidae gannets and boobies
subtype: #family_Phalacrocoracidae__Phalacrocoracidae cormorants
subtype: #family_Anhingidae__Anhingidae snakebirds
subtype: #family_Phaethontidae__Phaethontidae tropicbirds
subtype: #family_Spheniscidae__Spheniscidae comprising all existing penguins
subtype: #family_Diomedeidae__Diomedeidae albatrosses
subtype: #family_Procellariidae__Procellariidae petrels; fulmars; shearwaters;
subtype: #family_Hydrobatidae__Hydrobatidae storm petrels
subtype: #family_Pelecanoididae__Pelecanoididae diving petrels
subtype: #amphibian_family__amphibianfamily any family of amphibians
subtype: #family_Salamandridae__Salamandridae salamanders
subtype: #family_Ambystomatidae__Ambystomatidae New World salamanders
subtype: #family_Cryptobranchidae__Cryptobranchidae large aquatic salamanders: hellbenders; giant salamanders
subtype: #family_Dicamptodontidae__Dicamptodontidae large and small highly aquatic salamanders
subtype: #family_Plethodontidae__Plethodontidae small mostly terrestrial New World salamanders having neither lungs nor gills as adults
subtype: #family_Amphiumidae__Amphiumidae congo snakes
subtype: #family_Sirenidae__Sirenidae sirens
subtype: #family_Ranidae__Ranidae nearly cosmopolitan family: true frogs
subtype: #family_Leptodactylidae__Leptodactylidae New World frogs; in some classifications essentially coextensive with the family Bufonidae
subtype: #family_Polypedatidae__Polypedatidae Old World tree frogs
subtype: #family_Ascaphidae__Ascaphidae family of one species of frog: tailed frog
subtype: #family_Leiopelmatidae__Leiopelmatidae__Liopelmidae__family_Liopelmidae primitive New Zealand frogs
subtype: #family_Bufonidae__Bufonidae true toads
subtype: #family_Discoglossidae__Discoglossidae family of Old World toads having a fixed disklike tongue
subtype: #family_Pelobatidae__Pelobatidae spadefoot toads
subtype: #family_Hylidae__Hylidae tree frogs
subtype: #family_Microhylidae__Microhylidae__Brevicipitidae__family_Brevicipitidae narrow-mouthed toads and sheep frogs; some burrow and some are arboreal; found worldwide
subtype: #family_Pipidae__Pipidae tongueless frogs
subtype: #family_Xenopodidae__Xenopodidae in some classifications the family of the genus Xenopus which is otherwise included in the family Pipidae
subtype: #family_Caeciliidae__Caeciliidae coextensive with the order Gymnophiona: legless amphibians
subtype: #reptile_family__reptilefamily a family of reptiles
subtype: #family_Cheloniidae__Cheloniidae__Chelonidae__family_Chelonidae green turtles; hawksbills
subtype: #family_Dermochelyidae__Dermochelyidae sea turtles
subtype: #family_Chelydridae__Chelydridae snapping turtles
subtype: #family_Kinosternidae__Kinosternidae mud turtles; musk turtles
subtype: #family_Emydidae__Emydidae box and water turtles
subtype: #family_Testudinidae__Testudinidae land tortoises
subtype: #family_Trionychidae__Trionychidae soft-shelled turtles
subtype: #family_Gekkonidae__Gekkonidae geckos
subtype: #family_Pygopodidae__Pygopodidae Australian and Tasmanian lizards
subtype: #family_Iguanidae__Iguanidae__Iguania__family_Iguania New World lizards
subtype: #family_Amphisbaenidae__Amphisbaenidae worm lizards
subtype: #family_Xantusiidae__Xantusiidae night lizards
subtype: #family_Scincidae__Scincidae skinks
subtype: #family_Teiidae__Teiidae whiptails; etc.
subtype: #family_Agamidae__Agamidae an Old World reptile family of Sauria
subtype: #family_Anguidae__Anguidae alligator lizards
subtype: #family_Xenosauridae__Xenosauridae monotypic family of Mexican lizards
subtype: #family_Anniellidae__Anniellidae legless lizards
subtype: #family_Lanthanotidae__Lanthanotidae stout-bodied lizards
subtype: #family_Helodermatidae__Helodermatidae only known venomous lizards
subtype: #family_Lacertidae__Lacertidae Old World lizards
subtype: #family_Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleonidae__family_Chamaeleonidae__Rhiptoglossa__family_Rhiptoglossa Old World chameleons; in some classifications Rhiptoglossa is considered a superfamily of Sauria
subtype: #family_Varanidae__Varanidae monitor lizards
subtype: #family_Crocodylidae__Crocodylidae true crocodiles
subtype: #family_Alligatoridae__Alligatoridae alligators; caimans
subtype: #family_Gavialidae__Gavialidae gavials
subtype: #family_Ceratopsidae__familyceratopsidae__Ceratopsidae American ceratopsian dinosaurs
subtype: #family_Hadrosauridae__Hadrosauridae duck-billed dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous
subtype: #family_Iguanodontidae__Iguanodontidae iguanodons
subtype: #family_Titanosauridae__Titanosauridae herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous
subtype: #family_Megalosauridae__Megalosauridae megalosaurs
subtype: #family_Dromaeosauridae__Dromaeosauridae swift-running bipedal dinosaurs
subtype: #family_Edaphosauridae__Edaphosauridae a family of reptiles of the order Pelycosauria
subtype: #family_Pterodactylidae__Pterodactylidae a reptile family in the order Pterosauria
subtype: #family_Ichthyosauridae__Ichthyosauridae later ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous; widely distributed in both hemispheres
subtype: #family_Colubridae__Colubridae nonvenomous snakes; about two-thirds of all living species
subtype: #family_Typhlopidae__Typhlopidae blind snakes
subtype: #family_Leptotyphlopidae__Leptotyphlopidae blind snakes
subtype: #family_Boidae__Boidae boas and pythons
subtype: #subfamily_Pythoninae__Pythoninae Old World boas: pythons; in some classifications considered a separate family from Boidae
subtype: #family_Pythonidae__Pythonidae in some classifications a family separate from Boidae comprising Old World boas
subtype: #family_Elapidae__Elapidae cobras; kraits; mambas; coral snakes; Australian taipan and tiger snakes
subtype: #family_Hydrophidae__Hydrophidae sea snakes
subtype: #family_Viperidae__Viperidae Old World vipers
subtype: #family_Crotalidae__Crotalidae New World vipers: pit vipers
subtype: #arthropod_family__arthropodfamily any of the arthropods
subtype: #family_Phalangiidae__Phalangiidae a family of Phalangida
subtype: #family_Argiopidae__Argiopidae orb-weaving spiders; cosmopolitan
subtype: #family_Theridiidae__Theridiidae a family of comb-footed spiders
subtype: #family_Theraphosidae__Theraphosidae large tropical spiders; tarantulas
subtype: #family_Lycosidae__Lycosidae wolf spiders
subtype: #family_Ctenizidae__Ctenizidae large burrowing spiders
subtype: #family_Ixodidae__Ixodidae hard ticks
subtype: #family_Argasidae__Argasidae soft ticks
subtype: #family_Acaridae__Acaridae mites
subtype: #family_Trombidiidae__Trombidiidae mites
subtype: #family_Trombiculidae__Trombiculidae mites
subtype: #family_Sarcoptidae__Sarcoptidae small whitish mites
subtype: #family_Tetranychidae__Tetranychidae plant-feeding mites
subtype: #family_Scutigeridae__Scutigeridae a family of Chilopoda
subtype: #family_Geophilidae__Geophilidae small extremely elongate earth-living centipedes
subtype: #family_Limulidae__Limulidae horseshoe crabs
subtype: #family_Cancridae__Cancridae many of the best known edible crabs
subtype: #family_Portunidae__Portunidae swimming crabs
subtype: #family_Pinnotheridae__Pinnotheridae tiny soft-bodied crabs
subtype: #family_Lithodidae__Lithodidae deep-sea crabs of cold waters
subtype: #family_Majidae__Majidae spider crabs
subtype: #family_Homaridae__Homaridae large-clawed lobsters
subtype: #family_Nephropsidae__Nephropsidae in some classifications coextensive with the Homaridae
subtype: #family_Palinuridae__Palinuridae spiny lobsters
subtype: #family_Astacidae__Astacidae__Astacura crayfish
subtype: #family_Paguridae__Paguridae hermit crabs
subtype: #family_Crangonidae__Crangonidae shrimps
subtype: #family_Palaemonidae__Palaemonidae prawns
subtype: #family_Peneidae__Peneidae tropical prawns
subtype: #family_Mysidae__Mysidae small shrimp-like crustaceans
subtype: #family_Squillidae__Squillidae crustaceans that burrow in mud or under stones in shallow water along the seashore
subtype: #family_Armadillidiidae__Armadillidiidae pill bugs
subtype: #family_Oniscidae__Oniscidae a family of Isopoda
subtype: #family_Porcellionidae__Porcellionidae sow bugs
subtype: #family_Orchestiidae__Orchestiidae beach fleas
subtype: #family_Triopidae__Triopidae a family of Notostraca
subtype: #family_Balanidae__Balanidae stalkless barnacles
subtype: #family_Lepadidae__Lepadidae goose barnacles
subtype: #family_Peripatidae__Peripatidae a family of Onychophora
subtype: #family_Peripatopsidae__Peripatopsidae a family of Onychophora
subtype: #family_Cicindelidae__Cicindelidae tiger beetles
subtype: #family_Coccinellidae__Coccinellidae the ladybugs
subtype: #family_Carabidae__Carabidae ground beetles
subtype: #family_Lampyridae__Lampyridae fireflies
subtype: #family_Cerambycidae__Cerambycidae long-horned beetles
subtype: #family_Chrysomelidae__Chrysomelidae leaf beetles
subtype: #family_Dermestidae__Dermestidae carpet beetles
subtype: #family_Cleridae__Cleridae beetles that prey on other insects
subtype: #superfamily_Lamellicornia__Lamellicornia scarabaeid beetles and stag beetles
subtype: #family_Scarabaeidae__Scarabaeidae scarab or dung beetles
subtype: #subfamily_Melolonthidae__Melolonthidae considered a separate family in some classification systems
subtype: #subfamily_Cetoniidae__Cetoniidae considered a separate family in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Lucanidae__Lucanidae stag beetles
subtype: #family_Elateridae__Elateridae click beetles and certain fireflies
subtype: #family_Dytiscidae__Dytiscidae water beetles
subtype: #family_Gyrinidae__Gyrinidae whirligig beetles
subtype: #family_Anobiidae__Anobiidae deathwatch beetles
subtype: #family_Curculionidae__Curculionidae true weevils: snout beetles
subtype: #family_Meloidae__Meloidae blister beetles
subtype: #family_Scolytidae__Scolytidae__Ipidae__family_Ipidae large family of bark-boring or wood-boring short-beaked beetles; very destructive to forest and fruit trees
subtype: #family_Staphylinidae__Staphylinidae rove beetles
subtype: #family_Tenebrionidae__Tenebrionidae a family of arthropods including darkling beetles and mealworms
subtype: #family_Bruchidae__Bruchidae seed beetles
subtype: #family_Pediculidae__Pediculidae true lice: human lice and related forms
subtype: #family_Phthiriidae__Phthiriidae crab lice
subtype: #family_Pulicidae__Pulicidae many common fleas attacking humans and domestic animals
subtype: #family_Cecidomyidae__Cecidomyidae gall midges
subtype: #superfamily_Muscoidea__Muscoidea two-winged flies especially the families: Muscidae; Gasterophilidae; Calliphoridae; Tachinidae
subtype: #family_Muscidae__Muscidae two-winged flies especially the housefly
subtype: #family_Glossinidae__Glossinidae flies closely related to the Muscidae: tsetse flies
subtype: #family_Calliphoridae__Calliphoridae blowflies
subtype: #family_Tachinidae__Tachinidae parasites on other insects
subtype: #family_Gasterophilidae__Gasterophilidae horse botflies
subtype: #family_Cuterebridae__Cuterebridae New World botflies
subtype: #family_Oestridae__Oestridae__Hypodermatidae__family_Hypodermatidae warble flies
subtype: #family_Tabanidae__Tabanidae horseflies
subtype: #family_Bombyliidae__Bombyliidae bee flies
subtype: #family_Asilidae__Asilidae robber flies
subtype: #family_Trypetidae__Trypetidae__Trephritidae__family_Trephritidae fruit flies; some leafminers
subtype: #family_Drosophilidae__Drosophilidae fruit flies
subtype: #family_Hippoboscidae__Hippoboscidae winged or wingless dipterans: louse flies
subtype: #family_Culicidae__Culicidae mosquitoes
subtype: #family_Ceratopogonidae__Ceratopogonidae biting midges; sand flies
subtype: #family_Chironomidae__Chironomidae midges
subtype: #Mycetophilidae__family_Mycetophylidae fungus gnats
subtype: #family_Psychodidae__Psychodidae very small two-winged flies with hairy wings that develop in moss and damp vegetable matter: sand flies
subtype: #family_Sciaridae__Sciaridae fungus gnats
subtype: #family_Tipulidae__Tipulidae crane flies
subtype: #family_Simuliidae__Simuliidae blackflies and sand flies
subtype: #superfamily_Apoidea__Apoidea bees
subtype: #family_Apidae__Apidae honeybees; carpenter bees; bumblebees
subtype: #family_Andrenidae__Andrenidae a large family of solitary short-tongued bees most of which burrow in the ground
subtype: #family_Halictidae__Halictidae a family of small solitary bees; many are valuable pollinators for agriculture
subtype: #family_Megachilidae__Megachilidae leaf-cutting and mason bees
subtype: #family_Vespidae__Vespidae an arthropod family of the order Hymenoptera including: yellow jackets; hornets; mason wasps
subtype: #superfamily_Sphecoidea__Sphecoidea families Sphecidae and Stizidae
subtype: #family_Sphecidae__Sphecidae mud daubers; some digger wasps
subtype: #family_Stizidae__Stizidae cicada killers
subtype: #family_Cynipidae__Cynipidae a family of Hymenoptera
subtype: #family_Chalcididae__Chalcididae__Chalcidae__family_Chalcidae an arthropod family including: chalcidflies
subtype: #family_Ichneumonidae__Ichneumonidae ichneumon flies
subtype: #family_Tenthredinidae__Tenthredinidae sawflies
subtype: #family_Formicidae__Formicidae ants
subtype: #subfamily_Dorylinae__Dorylinae army ants
subtype: #family_Termitidae__Termitidae termites
subtype: #family_Rhinotermitidae__Rhinotermitidae large widely distributed family of termites of temperate to tropical regions
subtype: #family_Mastotermitidae__Mastotermitidae primitive termites
subtype: #family_Kalotermitidae__Kalotermitidae primitive termites of warm regions
subtype: #family_Acrididae__Acrididae__Locustidae__family_Locustidae short-horned grasshoppers; true locusts
subtype: #family_Tettigoniidae__Tettigoniidae long-horned grasshoppers; katydids
subtype: #family_Stenopelmatidae__Stenopelmatidae long-horned grasshoppers
subtype: #family_Gryllidae__Gryllidae crickets
subtype: #family_Phasmidae__Phasmidae__Phasmatidae__family_Phasmatidae stick insects
subtype: #family_Phyllidae__Phyllidae__Phillidae__family_Phillidae leaf insects
subtype: #family_Blattidae__Blattidae domestic cockroaches
subtype: #family_Cryptocercidae__Cryptocercidae a family of Blattodea
subtype: #family_Mantidae__Mantidae__Manteidae__family_Manteidae mantises
subtype: #family_Miridae__Miridae__Capsidae__family_Capsidae leaf bugs
subtype: #family_Tingidae__Tingidae lace bugs
subtype: #family_Lygaeidae__Lygaeidae lygaeid bugs
subtype: #family_Coreidae__Coreidae squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs
subtype: #family_Cimicidae__Cimicidae wingless flat-bodied blood-sucking insects
subtype: #family_Notonectidae__Notonectidae aquatic carnivorous insects
subtype: #family_Belostomatidae__Belostomatidae water bugs
subtype: #family_Nepidae__Nepidae water scorpions
subtype: #family_Corixidae__Corixidae water bugs
subtype: #family_Gerrididae__Gerrididae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae an arthropod family that includes water striders
subtype: #family_Reduviidae__Reduviidae assassin bugs
subtype: #family_Pyrrhocoridae__Pyrrhocoridae firebugs
subtype: #family_Aleyrodidae__Aleyrodidae whiteflies
subtype: #superfamily_Coccoidea__Coccoidea scale insects and mealybugs
subtype: #family_Coccidae__Coccidae scale insects
subtype: #family_Diaspididae__Diaspididae armored scales
subtype: #family_Dactylopiidae__Dactylopiidae cochineal insects
subtype: #family_Pseudococcidae__Pseudococcidae scale-like insects: mealybugs
subtype: #superfamily_Aphidoidea__Aphidoidea plant lice
subtype: #family_Aphididae__Aphididae small soft-bodied plant lice
subtype: #family_Adelgidae__Adelgidae plant lice
subtype: #family_Phylloxeridae__Phylloxeridae plant lice
subtype: #family_Psyllidae__Psyllidae__Chermidae__family_Chermidae jumping plant lice
subtype: #family_Cicadidae__Cicadidae cicadas
subtype: #family_Cercopidae__Cercopidae froghoppers or spittlebugs
subtype: #family_Cicadellidae__Cicadellidae leafhoppers
subtype: #family_Jassidae__Jassidae family of small leafhoppers coextensive with the Cicadellidae and not distinguished from it in some classifications
subtype: #family_Membracidae__Membracidae plant hoppers: treehoppers
subtype: #family_Fulgoridae__Fulgoridae plant hoppers: lantern flies
subtype: #family_Psocidae__Psocidae a family of small soft-bodied insects that feed on decaying vegetation; related to booklice
subtype: #family_Atropidae__Atropidae booklice
subtype: #family_Ephemeridae__Ephemeridae mayflies
subtype: #family_Myrmeleontidae__Myrmeleontidae antlions
subtype: #family_Chrysopidae__Chrysopidae green lacewings
subtype: #family_Hemerobiidae__Hemerobiidae brown lacewings
subtype: #family_Corydalidae__Corydalidae dobsons
subtype: #family_Sialidae__Sialidae an arthropod family including: alderflies
subtype: #family_Raphidiidae__Raphidiidae a family of arthropods of the suborder Megaloptera, including snakeflies
subtype: #family_Mantispidae__Mantispidae mantispids
subtype: #family_Sisyridae__Sisyridae an arthropod family of the order Neuroptera that includes spongeflies
subtype: #family_Lepismatidae__Lepismatidae firebrats
subtype: #family_Machilidae__Machilidae jumping bristletails
subtype: #family_Thripidae__Thripidae thrips
subtype: #family_Forficulidae__Forficulidae typical earwigs
subtype: #family_Nymphalidae__Nymphalidae large beautifully colored butterflies
subtype: #family_Danaidae__Danaidae small family of usually tropical butterflies: monarch butterflies
subtype: #family_Pieridae__Pieridae cabbage butterflies; sulphur butterflies
subtype: #family_Lycaenidae__Lycaenidae family of small usually brilliantly colored butterflies; males have short forelegs
subtype: #family_Tortricidae__Tortricidae leaf rollers and codling moths
subtype: #family_Lymantriidae__Lymantriidae tussock moths
subtype: #family_Geometridae__Geometridae measuring worms
subtype: #family_Pyralidae__Pyralidae__Pyralididae__family_Pyralididae bee moths; corn borers; flour moths
subtype: #superfamily_Tineoidea__Tineoidea clothes moths; carpet moths; leaf miners
subtype: #family_Tineidae__Tineidae clothes moths
subtype: #family_Gracilariidae__Gracilariidae__Gracillariidae leaf miners
subtype: #family_Gelechiidae__Gelechiidae important economic pests
subtype: #family_Noctuidae__Noctuidae cutworms; armyworms
subtype: #family_Sphingidae__Sphingidae hawkmoths
subtype: #family_Bombycidae__Bombycidae Chinese silkworm moth
subtype: #family_Saturniidae__Saturniidae important and widely distributed family of moths including some of the largest insects known
subtype: #family_Arctiidae__Arctiidae tiger moths
subtype: #family_Lasiocampidae__Lasiocampidae tent caterpillars; eggars; lappet moths
subtype: #mammal_family a family of mammals
subtype: #family_Tachyglossidae__Tachyglossidae echidnas
subtype: #family_Ornithorhynchidae__Ornithorhynchidae platypus
subtype: #family_Didelphidae__Didelphidae opossums
subtype: #family_Caenolestidae__Caenolestidae small marsupials of southern South America
subtype: #family_Peramelidae__Peramelidae bandicoots
subtype: #family_Macropodidae__Macropodidae kangaroos; wallabies
subtype: #subfamily_Potoroinae__Potoroinae rat kangaroos
subtype: #family_Phalangeridae__Phalangeridae phalangers; koalas
subtype: #family_Vombatidae__Vombatidae wombats
subtype: #family_Dasyuridae__Dasyuridae__family_Dasyurinae dasyures; native cats; pouched mice; banded anteaters; Tasmanian devils
subtype: #family_Notoryctidae__Notoryctidae pouched moles
subtype: #family_Talpidae__Talpidae moles
subtype: #family_Chrysochloridae__Chrysochloridae golden moles
subtype: #family_Soricidae__Soricidae shrews
subtype: #family_Erinaceidae__Erinaceidae true hedgehogs
subtype: #family_Tenrecidae__Tenrecidae tenrecs and extinct related forms
subtype: #family_Potamogalidae__Potamogalidae otter shrews
subtype: #family_Balaenidae__Balaenidae right whales
subtype: #family_Balaenopteridae__Balaenopteridae rorquals; blue whales
subtype: #family_Eschrichtiidae__Eschrichtiidae comprising only the gray whales
subtype: #family_Physeteridae__Physeteridae sperm whales
subtype: #family_Ziphiidae__Ziphiidae__Hyperodontidae__family_Hyperodontidae beaked whales; in some especially former classifications included in the family Physeteridae
subtype: #family_Delphinidae__Delphinidae dolphins
subtype: #family_Platanistidae__Platanistidae river dolphins
subtype: #family_Monodontidae__Monodontidae narwhals
subtype: #family_Trichechidae__Trichechidae comprising only the manatees
subtype: #family_Dugongidae__Dugongidae a family of mammals of order Sirenia including dugongs and Steller's sea cow
subtype: #family_Otariidae__Otariidae eared seals: sea lions and fur seals
subtype: #family_Phocidae__Phocidae earless seals
subtype: #family_Odobenidae__Odobenidae walruses and extinct forms
subtype: #family_Orycteropodidae__Orycteropodidae aardvarks
subtype: #family_Canidae__Canidae dogs; wolves; jackals; foxes
subtype: #family_Hyaenidae__Hyaenidae hyenas
subtype: #family_Felidae__Felidae cats; wildcats; lions; leopards; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers
subtype: #family_Ursidae__Ursidae bears and extinct related forms
subtype: #family_Viverridae__Viverridae__Viverrinae__family_Viverrinae genets; civets; mongooses
subtype: #family_Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomatidae__family_Phyllostomatidae New World leaf-nosed bats
subtype: #family_Rhinolophidae__Rhinolophidae Old World leaf-nosed bats
subtype: #family_Hipposideridae__Hipposideridae Old World leafnose bats
subtype: #family_Megadermatidae__Megadermatidae Old World false vampire bats
subtype: #family_Vespertilionidae__Vespertilionidae the majority of common bats of temperate regions of the world
subtype: #family_Molossidae__Molossidae mastiff bats; freetail bats
subtype: #family_Desmodontidae__Desmodontidae true vampire bats
subtype: #family_Leporidae__Leporidae hares and rabbits
subtype: #family_Ochotonidae__Ochotonidae pikas and extinct forms
subtype: #superfamily_Muroidea__Muroidea essential equal to suborder Myomorpha with the Dipodidae excluded
subtype: #family_Muridae__Muridae originally Old World rats now distributed worldwide; distinguished from the Cricetidae by typically lacking cheek pouches
subtype: #subfamily_Hydromyinae__Hydromyinae water rats of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: #family_Cricetidae__Cricetidae mostly small New World rodents including New World mice and lemmings and voles and hamsters
subtype: #subfamily_Gerbillinae__Gerbillinae gerbils
subtype: #family_Hystricidae__Hystricidae Old World porcupines
subtype: #family_Erethizontidae__Erethizontidae New World arboreal porcupines
subtype: #family_Heteromyidae__Heteromyidae small New World burrowing mouselike rodents with fur-lined cheek pouches and hind limbs and tail adapted to leaping; adapted to desert conditions: pocket mice; kangaroo mice; kangaroo rats
subtype: #family_Zapodidae__Zapodidae jumping mice
subtype: #family_Dipodidae__Dipodidae Old World jerboas
subtype: #family_Gliridae__Gliridae dormice and other Old World forms
subtype: #family_Geomyidae__Geomyidae North American pocket gophers
subtype: #family_Sciuridae__Sciuridae true squirrels; ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles
subtype: #subfamily_Petauristidae__Petauristidae Old World flying squirrels
subtype: #family_Castoridae__Castoridae beavers
subtype: #family_Aplodontiidae__Aplodontiidae mountain beavers
subtype: #family_Caviidae__Caviidae a family of Hystricomorpha
subtype: #family_Hydrochoeridae__Hydrochoeridae capybara
subtype: #family_Dasyproctidae__Dasyproctidae agoutis and pacas
subtype: #family_Capromyidae__Capromyidae coypus
subtype: #family_Chinchillidae__Chinchillidae small bushy-tailed South American burrowing rodents
subtype: #family_Spalacidae__Spalacidae mole rats
subtype: #family_Bathyergidae__Bathyergidae mole rats; sand rats
subtype: #family_Uintatheriidae__Uintatheriidae an extinct family of Dinocerata
subtype: #family_Procaviidae__Procaviidae includes all recent members of the order Hyracoidea
subtype: #family_Equidae__Equidae horses; asses; zebras; extinct animals
subtype: #family_Rhinocerotidae__Rhinocerotidae__rhinoceros_family rhinoceroses
subtype: #family_Tapiridae__Tapiridae tapirs and extinct related forms
subtype: #family_Suidae__Suidae pigs; hogs; boars
subtype: #family_Tayassuidae__Tayassuidae peccaries
subtype: #family_Hippopotamidae__Hippopotamidae hippopotami
subtype: #family_Bovidae__Bovidae true antelopes; cattle; oxen; sheep; goats
subtype: #subfamily_Bovinae__Bovinae term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle; buffalo; and sometimes includes kudu
subtype: #family_Antilocapridae__Antilocapridae comprising only the pronghorns
subtype: #family_Cervidae__Cervidae deer: reindeer; moose or elks; muntjacs; roe deer
subtype: #family_Tragulidae__Tragulidae chevrotains
subtype: #family_Camelidae__Camelidae camels and llamas and vicunas
subtype: #family_Giraffidae__Giraffidae giraffes
subtype: #family_Mustelidae__Mustelidae weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens
subtype: #subfamily_Lutrinae__Lutrinae subdivision not used in some classifications: otters
subtype: #subfamily_Mephitinae__Mephitinae subdivision not used in some classifications: skunks
subtype: #subfamily_Melinae__Melinae subdivision not used in some classifications: badgers
subtype: #family_Dasypodidae__Dasypodidae armadillos
subtype: #family_Bradypodidae__Bradypodidae true sloths; in some
subtype: #family_Megalonychidae__Megalonychidae two-toed sloths
subtype: #family_Megatheriidae__Megatheriidae extinct ground sloths
subtype: #family_Mylodontidae__Mylodontidae extinct South American edentates
subtype: #family_Myrmecophagidae__Myrmecophagidae New World anteaters
subtype: #family_Manidae__Manidae coextensive with the order Pholidota
subtype: #family_Hominidae__Hominidae modern man and extinct immediate ancestors of man
subtype: #family_Pongidae__Pongidae usually considered as comprising orangutans; gorillas; chimpanzees; and sometimes gibbons
subtype: #family_Hylobatidae__Hylobatidae used in some classifications for the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs); sometimes considered a subfamily of Pongidae
subtype: #family_Cercopithecidae__Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys: guenon; baboon; colobus monkey; langur; macaque; mandrill; mangabey; patas; proboscis monkey
subtype: #superfamily_Platyrrhini__Platyrrhini New World monkeys: capuchin; douroucouli; howler monkey; saki; spider monkey; squirrel monkey; titi; uakari; woolly monkey; marmoset; tamarin
subtype: #family_Callithricidae__Callithricidae marmosets
subtype: #family_Cebidae__Cebidae all the New World monkeys except marmosets and tamarins
subtype: #family_Tupaiidae__Tupaiidae tree shrews; in some classifications tree shrews are considered prosimian primates
subtype: #family_Lemuridae__Lemuridae typical lemurs; of Madagascar
subtype: #family_Daubentoniidae__Daubentoniidae comprising solely the aye-aye
subtype: #family_Lorisidae__Lorisidae slow-moving omnivorous nocturnal primates of tropical Asia; usually tailless
subtype: #family_Indriidae__Indriidae a family of Lemuroidea
subtype: #family_Tarsiidae__Tarsiidae coextensive with the genus Tarsius: tarsiers
subtype: #family_Cynocephalidae__Cynocephalidae a family of Dermoptera
subtype: #family_Elephantidae__Elephantidae elephants
subtype: #family_Mammutidae__Mammutidae__family_Mastodontidae extinct family: mastodons
subtype: #family_Gomphotheriidae__Gomphotheriidae elephants extinct since the Pleistocene
subtype: #family_Procyonidae__Procyonidae raccoons; coatis; cacomistles; kinkajous; and sometimes pandas
subtype: #subfamily_Bassariscidae__Bassariscidae in some classifications considered a separate family
subtype: #family_Ailuropodidae__Ailuropodidae in some classifications considered the family comprising the giant pandas
subtype: #coelenterate_family a family of coelenterates
subtype: #family_Pennatulidae__Pennatulidae sea pens
subtype: #ctenophore_family a family of ctenophores
subtype: #family_Pleurobrachiidae__Pleurobrachiidae sea gooseberries
subtype: #family_Cestidae__Cestidae coextensive with the order Cestida; ctenophores having a greatly flattened and elongated body
subtype: #worm_family a family of worms
subtype: #family_Fasciolidae__Fasciolidae a family of Trematoda
subtype: #family_Schistosomatidae__Schistosomatidae a family of Trematoda
subtype: #family_Taeniidae__Taeniidae a family of Cestoda
subtype: #family_Ascaridae__Ascaridae large roundworms parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
subtype: #family_Oxyuridae__Oxyuridae pinworms
subtype: #family_Cephalobidae__Cephalobidae a family of Nematoda
subtype: #family_Tylenchidae__Tylenchidae a family of Nematoda
subtype: #family_Ancylostomatidae__Ancylostomatidae hookworms
subtype: #family_Filariidae__Filariidae threadlike roundworms
subtype: #family_Dracunculidae__Dracunculidae greatly elongated roundworm
subtype: #family_Branchiobdellidae__Branchiobdellidae small annelid worms with the posterior end modified into an adhesive sucker; especially formerly regarded as modified leeches
subtype: #family_Terebellidae__Terebellidae marine burrowing or tube-forming polychete worms usually having long thick bodies
subtype: #family_Hirudinidae__Hirudinidae a family of Hirudinea
subtype: #mollusk_family__molluskfamily a family of mollusks
subtype: #family_Haliotidae__Haliotidae abalones
subtype: #family_Strombidae__Strombidae conchs
subtype: #family_Helicidae__Helicidae land snails including the common edible snail and some pests
subtype: #family_Limacidae__Limacidae slugs
subtype: #family_Neritidae__Neritidae neritids
subtype: #family_Buccinidae__Buccinidae whelks
subtype: #family_Cymatiidae__Cymatiidae tritons
subtype: #family_Naticidae__Naticidae moonshells
subtype: #family_Littorinidae__Littorinidae periwinkles
subtype: #family_Patellidae__Patellidae marine limpets
subtype: #family_Fissurellidae__Fissurellidae marine limpets
subtype: #family_Ancylidae__Ancylidae freshwater gastropod
subtype: #family_Aplysiidae__Aplysiidae__Tethyidae__family_Tethyidae sea hares
subtype: #family_Akeridae__Akeridae bubble shells
subtype: #family_Physidae__Physidae freshwater snails
subtype: #family_Cypraeidae__Cypraeidae family of marine gastropods comprising the cowries
subtype: #family_Myacidae__Myacidae soft-shell clams
subtype: #family_Veneridae__Veneridae hard-shell clams
subtype: #family_Solenidae__Solenidae razor clams
subtype: #family_Tridacnidae__Tridacnidae large marine hard-shell clams
subtype: #family_Cardiidae__Cardiidae somewhat heart-shaped sand-burrowing bivalve mollusks
subtype: #family_Ostreidae__Ostreidae oysters
subtype: #family_Pteriidae__Pteriidae pearl oysters
subtype: #family_Anomiidae__Anomiidae saddle oysters
subtype: #family_Arcidae__Arcidae ark shells
subtype: #family_Mytilidae__Mytilidae marine mussels
subtype: #family_Unionidae__Unionidae freshwater mussels found worldwide
subtype: #family_Pectinidae__Pectinidae scallops
subtype: #family_Teredinidae__Teredinidae shipworms
subtype: #family_Pholadidae__Pholadidae a family of Bivalvia
subtype: #family_Nautilidae__Nautilidae spiral-shelled cephalopods
subtype: #family_Octopodidae__Octopodidae a family of Octopoda
subtype: #family_Argonautidae__Argonautidae represented solely by the genus Argonauta
subtype: #family_Sepiidae__Sepiidae true cuttlefishes
subtype: #family_Spirulidae__Spirulidae coextensive with the genus Spirula; included in the order Belemnoidea in some older classifications
subtype: #family_Belemnitidae__Belemnitidae family of extinct Mesozoic cephalopods
subtype: #family_Panorpidae__Panorpidae a family of insects of the order Mecoptera
subtype: #family_Bittacidae__Bittacidae a family of predacious tropical insects of the order Mecoptera
subtype: #echinoderm_family a family of echinoderms
subtype: #family_Antedonidae__Antedonidae feather stars
subtype: #family_Comatulidae__Comatulidae former usage synonymous with Antedonidae
subtype: #family_Holothuridae__Holothuridae a family of Holothuroidea
subtype: #form_family (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
subtype: #moss_family a family of mosses
subtype: #family_Anthocerotaceae__Anthocerotaceae hornworts
subtype: #family_Dicranaceae__Dicranaceae mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome
subtype: #family_Bryaceae__Bryaceae a family of acrocarpous mosses
subtype: #family_Mniaceae__Mniaceae family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae
subtype: #family_Jungermanniaceae__Jungermanniaceae comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales
subtype: #family_Marchantiaceae__Marchantiaceae liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli
subtype: #family_Sphaerocarpaceae__Sphaerocarpaceae liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales
subtype: #monocot_family__monocotfamily__liliopsid_family__liliopsidfamily family of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed
subtype: #liliid_monocot_family family of monocotyledonous plants of the subclass Liliidae; mostly herbs usually with petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils
subtype: #family_Iridaceae__Iridaceae__iris_family large family of usually perennial geophytic herbs with rhizomes or corms or bulbs
subtype: #genus_Iris large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes
subtype: #family_Amaryllidaceae__Amaryllidaceae__amaryllis_family__amaryllisfamily snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
subtype: #family_Hypoxidaceae__Hypoxidaceae in some classification systems included in the Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #family_Liliaceae__Liliaceae__lily_family includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae
subtype: #family_Alliaceae__Alliaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium
subtype: #family_Aloeaceae__Aloeaceae__aloe_family one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Alstroemeriaceae__Alstroemeriaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #family_Aphyllanthaceae__Aphyllanthaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes
subtype: #family_Asparagaceae__Asparagaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus
subtype: #family_Asphodelaceae__Asphodelaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
subtype: #family_Colchicaceae__Colchicaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: Colchicum; Gloriosa
subtype: #family_Hemerocallidaceae__Hemerocallidaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis
subtype: #family_Hostaceae__Hostaceae__Funkaceae__family_Funkaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta
subtype: #family_Hyacinthaceae__Hyacinthaceae one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Melanthiaceae__Melanthiaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum
subtype: #family_Ruscaceae__Ruscaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Tecophilaeacea__Tecophilaeacea one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Xanthorrhoeaceae__Xanthorrhoeaceae__grass_tree_family one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Trilliaceae__Trilliaceae__trillium_family small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
subtype: #subfamily_Smilacaceae__Smilacaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #family_Convallariaceae__Convallariaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: #subfamily_Uvulariaceae__Uvulariaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
subtype: #family_Taccaceae__Taccaceae small family of tropical herbs
subtype: #family_Agavaceae__Agavaceae__agave_family__agavefamily__sisal_family__sisalfamily chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae
subtype: #subfamily_Dracenaceae__Dracenaceae__Dracaenaceae__subfamily_Dracaenaceae one of two subfamilies to which some classification systems assign some members of the Agavaceae
subtype: #family_Juncaceae__Juncaceae__rush_family tufted herbs resembling grasses: rushes
subtype: #family_Araceae__Araceae__arum_family anthurium; calla lily; jack-in-the-pulpit; philodendron
subtype: #subfamily_Acoraceae__Acoraceae used in some classifications for the genus Acorus which is usually assigned to Araceae
subtype: #family_Lemnaceae__Lemnaceae__duckweed_family family of small free-floating thalloid plants
subtype: #family_Orchidaceae__Orchidaceae__orchid_family enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers
subtype: #family_Burmanniaceae__Burmanniaceae family of chiefly tropical herbs with basal leaves like bracts and small flowers
subtype: #family_Gramineae__Gramineae__Graminaceae__family_Graminaceae__Poaceae__family_Poaceae__grass_family__grassfamily the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane
subtype: #genus_Calamagrostis__Calamagrostis reed grass
subtype: #family_Cyperaceae__Cyperaceae__sedge_family__sedgefamily bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant
subtype: #genus_Cyperus__Cyperus type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions
subtype: #family_Pandanaceae__Pandanaceae__screw-pine_family family of woody plants of the order Pandanales including pandanus
subtype: #family_Typhaceae__Typhaceae__cattail_family__cattailfamily perennial marsh plants with creeping rootstocks and long linear leaves
subtype: #family_Sparganiaceae__Sparganiaceae__bur-reed_family coextensive with the genus Sparganium
subtype: #family_Haemodoraceae__Haemodoraceae__bloodwort_family__bloodwortfamily some genera placed in family Liliaceae
subtype: #family_Cannaceae__Cannaceae coextensive with the genus Canna
subtype: #family_Marantaceae__Marantaceae__arrowroot_family__arrowrootfamily tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes
subtype: #family_Musaceae__Musaceae__banana_family treelike tropical Asian herbs
subtype: #family_Strelitziaceae__Strelitziaceae__strelitzia_family woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae
subtype: #family_Zingiberaceae__Zingiberaceae__ginger_family a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales
subtype: #family_Palmae__Palmae__Palmaceae__family_Palmaceae__Arecaceae__family_Arecaceae__palm_family chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales
subtype: #family_Xyridaceae__Xyridaceae__yellow-eyed_grass_family plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places
subtype: #family_Commelinaceae__Commelinaceae__spiderwort_family large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts
subtype: #family_Bromeliaceae__Bromeliaceae__pineapple_family__pineapplefamily a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance
subtype: #family_Mayacaceae__Mayacaceae a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales
subtype: #family_Rapateaceae__Rapateaceae South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae
subtype: #family_Eriocaulaceae__Eriocaulaceae__pipewort_family chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts
subtype: #family_Pontederiaceae__Pontederiaceae__pickerelweed_family aquatic or bog plants
subtype: #family_Naiadaceae__Naiadaceae__Najadaceae__family_Najadaceae__naiad_family__naiadfamily monotypic family of aquatic plants having narrow leaves and small flowers
subtype: #family_Alismataceae__Alismataceae__water-plantain_family perennial or annual aquatic or marsh plants
subtype: #family_Hydrocharitaceae__Hydrocharitaceae__Hydrocharidaceae__family_Hydrocharidaceae__frogbit_family__frogbitfamily__frog's-bit_family simple nearly stemless freshwater aquatic plants; widely distributed
subtype: #family_Potamogetonaceae__Potamogetonaceae__pondweed_family plants that grow in ponds and slow streams; sometimes includes family Zosteraceae
subtype: #family_Scheuchzeriaceae__Scheuchzeriaceae__Juncaginaceae__family_Juncaginaceae__arrow-grass_family__arrowgrassfamily a family of monocotyledonous bog herbs of order Naiadales
subtype: #family_Zannichelliaceae__Zannichelliaceae alternative classification for some genera included in Potamogetonaceae; one species
subtype: #family_Zosteraceae__Zosteraceae__eelgrass_family used in some classifications: essentially equivalent to Potamogetonaceae
subtype: #dicot_family__dicotfamily__magnoliopsid_family family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
subtype: #magnoliid_dicot_family__magnoliiddicotfamily family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms
subtype: #family_Annonaceae__Annonaceae__custard-apple_family__custardapplefamily chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
subtype: #family_Berberidaceae__Berberidaceae__barberry_family shrubs or herbs
subtype: #family_Calycanthaceae__Calycanthaceae__calycanthus_family__calycanthusfamily__strawberry-shrub_family shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
subtype: #family_Ceratophyllaceae__Ceratophyllaceae coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
subtype: #family_Cercidiphyllaceae__Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus
subtype: #family_Lardizabalaceae__Lardizabalaceae__lardizabala_family__lardizabalafamily thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
subtype: #family_Lauraceae__Lauraceae__laurel_family a family of Lauraceae
subtype: #family_Magnoliaceae__Magnoliaceae__magnolia_family subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron; Magnolia; Manglietia
subtype: #family_Menispermaceae__Menispermaceae__moonseed_family herbaceous or woody climbers
subtype: #family_Myristicaceae__Myristicaceae__nutmeg_family family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
subtype: #family_Nymphaeaceae__Nymphaeaceae__water-lily_family dicot aquatic plants
subtype: #subfamily_Nelumbonaceae__Nelumbonaceae in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo
subtype: #subfamily_Cabombaceae__Cabombaceae__water-shield_family in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia
subtype: #family_Paeoniaceae__Paeoniaceae__peony_family__peonyfamily perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
subtype: #family_Ranunculaceae__Ranunculaceae__buttercup_family__buttercupfamily__crowfoot_family a family of Ranunculaceae
subtype: #family_Winteraceae__Winteraceae__winter's_bark_family small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
subtype: #hamamelid_dicot_family__hamameliddicotfamily family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
subtype: #family_Fagaceae__Fagaceae__beech_family__beechfamily chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea; Castanopsis; Chrysolepis; Fagus; Lithocarpus; Nothofagus; Quercus
subtype: #family_Betulaceae__Betulaceae__birch_family__birchfamily monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
subtype: #subfamily_Carpinaceae__Carpinaceae__family_Carpinaceae used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus; Ostryopsis; and Ostryopsis
subtype: #subfamily_Corylaceae__Corylaceae__family_Corylaceae used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus
subtype: #family_Hamamelidaceae__Hamamelidaceae__witch-hazel_family__witchhazelfamily comprises genera Hamamelis; Corylopsis; Fothergilla; Liquidambar; Parrotia; other small genera
subtype: #family_Salicaceae__Salicaceae__willow_family two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus
subtype: #caryophylloid_dicot_family__caryophylloiddicotfamily family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
subtype: #family_Caryophyllaceae__Caryophyllaceae__carnation_family__carnationfamily__pink_family large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)
subtype: #genus_Stellaria__Stellaria common chickweed; stitchwort
subtype: #family_Aizoaceae__Aizoaceae__Tetragoniaceae__family_Tetragoniaceae__carpetweed_family succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds
subtype: #family_Amaranthaceae__Amaranthaceae__amaranth_family cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs
subtype: #family_Batidaceae__Batidaceae__saltwort_family family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts
subtype: #family_Chenopodiaceae__Chenopodiaceae__goosefoot_family__goosefootfamily includes spinach and beets
subtype: #genus_Beta__Beta beets
subtype: #family_Nyctaginaceae__Nyctaginaceae__Allioniaceae__family_Allioniaceae__four-o'clock_family a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales
subtype: #family_Cactaceae__Cactaceae__cactus_family constituting the order Opuntiales
subtype: #family_Phytolaccaceae__Phytolaccaceae__pokeweed_family chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca; Agdestis; Ercilla; Rivina; Trichostigma
subtype: #family_Portulacaceae__Portulacaceae__purslane_family family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas
subtype: #dilleniid_dicot_family__dilleniiddicotfamily family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
subtype: #family_Capparidaceae__Capparidaceae__caper_family__caperfamily a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis; Cleome; Crateva; Polanisia
subtype: #family_Cruciferae__Cruciferae__Brassicaceae__family_Brassicaceae__mustard_family__mustardfamily plants with four-petaled flowers
subtype: #family_Papaveraceae__Papaveraceae__poppy_family__poppyfamily herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits
subtype: #family_Fumariaceae__Fumariaceae__fumitory_family erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn
subtype: #family_Loasaceae__Loasaceae__loasa_family__loasafamily family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia
subtype: #family_Malvaceae__Malvaceae__mallow_family herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra
subtype: #family_Bombacaceae__Bombacaceae tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds
subtype: #family_Elaeocarpaceae__Elaeocarpaceae__elaeocarpus_family__elaeocarpusfamily genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae
subtype: #family_Sterculiaceae__Sterculiaceae__sterculia_family__sterculiafamily a large family of plants of order Malvales
subtype: #family_Tiliaceae__Tiliaceae__linden_family chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia; Corchorus; Entelea; Grewia; Sparmannia
subtype: #family_Ericaceae__Ericaceae__heath_family__heathfamily heathers
subtype: #family_Clethraceae__Clethraceae__white-alder_family__whitealderfamily coextensive with the genus Clethra
subtype: #family_Diapensiaceae__Diapensiaceae__diapensia_family__diapensiafamily north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales
subtype: #family_Epacridaceae__Epacridaceae__epacris_family__epacrisfamily Australasian shrubs or small trees
subtype: #family_Lennoaceae__Lennoaceae family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico
subtype: #family_Pyrolaceae__Pyrolaceae__wintergreen_family__wintergreenfamily evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola; Chimaphila; Moneses; Orthilia
subtype: #family_Monotropaceae__Monotropaceae used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes
subtype: #family_Begoniaceae__Begoniaceae__begonia_family__begoniafamily monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America
subtype: #family_Dilleniaceae__Dilleniaceae chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia; Hibbertia
subtype: #family_Guttiferae__Guttiferae__Clusiaceae__family_Clusiaceae__St_John's_wort_family widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber
subtype: #family_Hypericaceae__Hypericaceae used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae
subtype: #family_Actinidiaceae__Actinidiaceae tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines
subtype: #family_Canellaceae__Canellaceae__canella_family__canellafamily 1 genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies
subtype: #family_Caricaceae__Caricaceae__papaya_family trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves
subtype: #family_Caryocaraceae__Caryocaraceae small genus of tropical South American trees
subtype: #family_Cistaceae__Cistaceae__rockrose_family shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean
subtype: #family_Dipterocarpaceae__Dipterocarpaceae chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins
subtype: #family_Flacourtiaceae__Flacourtiaceae__flacourtia_family chiefly tropical trees and shrubs
subtype: #family_Fouquieriaceae__Fouquieriaceae small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States
subtype: #family_Ochnaceae__Ochnaceae__ochna_family__ochnafamily family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves
subtype: #family_Passifloraceae__Passifloraceae__passionflower_family__passionflowerfamily tropical woody tendril-climbing vines
subtype: #family_Resedaceae__Resedaceae__mignonette_family mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette
subtype: #family_Tamaricaceae__Tamaricaceae__tamarisk_family family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)
subtype: #family_Violaceae__Violaceae__violet_family a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola; Hybanthus; Hymenanthera; Melicytus
subtype: #family_Santalaceae__Santalaceae__sandalwood_family chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
subtype: #family_Loranthaceae__Loranthaceae__mistletoe_family__mistletoefamily in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
subtype: #family_Viscaceae__Viscaceae__mistletoe_family__mistletoefamily in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
subtype: #family_Theaceae__Theaceae__tea_family__teafamily a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales
subtype: #asterid_dicot_family__asteriddicotfamily family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
subtype: #family_Compositae__Compositae__Asteraceae__family_Asteraceae__aster_family__asterfamily plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia
subtype: #family_Ambrosiaceae__Ambrosiaceae in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds
subtype: #family_Rubiaceae__Rubiaceae__madder_family widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry
subtype: #family_Caprifoliaceae__Caprifoliaceae__honeysuckle_family__honeysucklefamily shrubs and small trees and woody vines
subtype: #family_Dipsacaceae__Dipsacaceae chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads
subtype: #family_Polemoniaceae__Polemoniaceae__phlox_family__phloxfamily a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers
subtype: #family_Acanthaceae__Acanthaceae__acanthus_family widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #family_Bignoniaceae__Bignoniaceae trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #trumpet_creeper__trumpetcreeper__trumpet_vine__trumpetvine__Campsis_radicans a North American woody vine having pinnate leaves and large red trumpet-shaped flowers
subtype: #family_Gesneriaceae__Gesneriaceae__gesneria_family large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #family_Hydrophyllaceae__Hydrophyllaceae__waterleaf_family__waterleaffamily perennial woodland herbs
subtype: #family_Labiatae__Labiatae__Lamiaceae__family_Lamiaceae__mint_family the mints: aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including thyme; sage; rosemary
subtype: #family_Scrophulariaceae__Scrophulariaceae__figwort_family__figwortfamily__foxglove_family a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #family_Solanaceae__Solanaceae__potato_family large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum; Atropa; Brugmansia; Capsicum; Datura; Hyoscyamus; Lycopersicon; Nicotiana; Petunia; Physalis; Solandra
subtype: #family_Verbenaceae__Verbenaceae__verbena_family__verbenafamily__vervain_family__vervainfamily family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees
subtype: #family_Avicenniaceae__Avicenniaceae used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia
subtype: #family_Valerianaceae__Valerianaceae__valerian_family genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor
subtype: #rosid_dicot_family__rosiddicotfamily a family of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: #family_Connaraceae__Connaraceae__zebrawood_family__zebrawoodfamily mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae
subtype: #family_Leguminosae__Leguminosae__Fabaceae__family_Fabaceae__legume_family__pea_family__peafamily a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
subtype: #family_Mimosaceae__Mimosaceae family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: #subfamily_Mimosoideae__Mimosoideae alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Mimosaceae
subtype: #family_Araliaceae__Araliaceae__ivy_family__ivyfamily mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: ginseng; hedera
subtype: #family_Onagraceae__Onagraceae__evening-primrose_family a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales
subtype: #family_Melastomataceae__Melastomataceae__Melastomaceae__family_Melastomaceae__meadow-beauty_family a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals
subtype: #family_Caesalpiniaceae__Caesalpiniaceae spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: #subfamily_Caesalpinioideae__Caesalpinioideae alternative name in some classification systems for the family Caesalpiniaceae
subtype: #Papilionaceae__family_Papilionacea leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: #subfamily_Papilionoideae__Papilionoideae alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Papilionaceae
subtype: #genus_Medicago__Medicago a genus of herbs that resemble clover
subtype: #family_Rosaceae__Rosaceae__rose_family a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens
subtype: #family_Balsaminaceae__Balsaminaceae__balsam_family distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers
subtype: #family_Geraniaceae__Geraniaceae__geranium_family chiefly herbaceous plants
subtype: #family_Burseraceae__Burseraceae__torchwood_family__torchwoodfamily resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees
subtype: #family_Callitrichaceae__Callitrichaceae dicot aquatic herbs
subtype: #family_Malpighiaceae__Malpighiaceae tropical shrubs or trees
subtype: #family_Meliaceae__Meliaceae__mahogany_family tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees
subtype: #family_Lepidobotryaceae__Lepidobotryaceae family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
subtype: #family_Oxalidaceae__Oxalidaceae__wood-sorrel_family a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers
subtype: #family_Polygalaceae__Polygalaceae__milkwort_family trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres
subtype: #family_Rutaceae__Rutaceae__rue_family__ruefamily a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent
subtype: #family_Simaroubaceae__Simaroubaceae__quassia_family__quassiafamily chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit
subtype: #family_Tropaeolaceae__Tropaeolaceae__naturtium_family__naturtiumfamily coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum
subtype: #family_Zygophyllaceae__Zygophyllaceae__bean-caper_family small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum; Tribulus; Guaiacum: Larrea
subtype: #family_Cephalotaceae__Cephalotaceae a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
subtype: #family_Cunoniaceae__Cunoniaceae__cunonia_family__cunoniafamily trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
subtype: #family_Hydrangeaceae__Hydrangeaceae__hydrangea_family__hydrangeafamily sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
subtype: #subfamily_Philadelphaceae__Philadelphaceae 1 genus; usually included in family Hydrangeaceae
subtype: #family_Saxifragaceae__Saxifragaceae__saxifrage_family__saxifragefamily a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae
subtype: #family_Platanaceae__Platanaceae__plane-tree_family coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees
subtype: #family_Euphorbiaceae__Euphorbiaceae__spurge_family a family of plants of order Geraniales
subtype: #family_Umbelliferae__Umbelliferae__Apiaceae__family_Apiaceae__carrot_family plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill
subtype: #genus_Angelica biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot
subtype: #genus_Pastinaca__Pastinaca a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips
subtype: #family_Cornaceae__Cornaceae__dogwood_family__dogwoodfamily a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba; Cornus; Corokia; Curtisia; Griselinia; Helwingia
subtype: #family_Myricaceae__Myricaceae__wax-myrtle_family constituting the order Myricales
subtype: #family_Leitneriaceae__Leitneriaceae__corkwood_family coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order
subtype: #family_Apocynaceae__Apocynaceae__dogbane_family__dogbanefamily chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
subtype: #family_Aristolochiaceae__Aristolochiaceae__birthwort_family__birthwortfamily family of birthworts (including wild ginger)
subtype: #family_Rafflesiaceae__Rafflesiaceae a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales
subtype: #family_Hydnoracea__Hydnoracea a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants
subtype: #family_Primulaceae__Primulaceae__primrose_family a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
subtype: #family_Myrsinaceae__Myrsinaceae__myrsine_family__myrsinefamily family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida
subtype: #family_Plumbaginaceae__Plumbaginaceae__leadwort_family__sea-lavender_family perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in salt-water areas
subtype: #family_Theophrastaceae__Theophrastaceae family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae
subtype: #family_Cucurbitaceae__Cucurbitaceae__gourd_family__gourdfamily a family of herbaceous vines (such cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)
subtype: #cucurbit any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae
subtype: #family_Goodeniaceae__Goodeniaceae__Goodenia_family a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China
subtype: #family_Lobeliaceae__Lobeliaceae__lobelia_family__lobeliafamily not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae
subtype: #family_Proteaceae__Proteaceae__protea_family large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales
subtype: #family_Casuarinaceae__Casuarinaceae 1 genus: Casuarina
subtype: #family_Gentianaceae__Gentianaceae__gentian_family__gentianfamily chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
subtype: #family_Salvadoraceae__Salvadoraceae__Salvadora_family a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
subtype: #family_Oleaceae__Oleaceae__olive_family__olivefamily trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
subtype: #family_Juglandaceae__Juglandaceae__walnut_family trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans
subtype: #family_Combretaceae__Combretaceae__combretum_family__combretumfamily a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales
subtype: #family_Elaeagnaceae__Elaeagnaceae__oleaster_family shrubs or small trees often armed
subtype: #family_Haloragidaceae__Haloragidaceae__Haloragaceae__family_Haloragaceae__water-milfoil_family__watermilfoilfamily a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales
subtype: #family_Lecythidaceae__Lecythidaceae large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins
subtype: #family_Lythraceae__Lythraceae__loosestrife_family__loosestrifefamily herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers
subtype: #family_Myrtaceae__Myrtaceae__myrtle_family trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil
subtype: #family_Nyssaceae__Nyssaceae__sour-gum_family__tupelo_family a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees
subtype: #family_Punicaceae__Punicaceae 1 species: pomegranates
subtype: #family_Rhizophoraceae__Rhizophoraceae__mangrove_family trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts
subtype: #family_Thymelaeaceae__Thymelaeaceae__daphne_family family of tough-barked trees and shrubs and herbs especially of Australia and tropical Africa
subtype: #family_Trapaceae__Trapaceae family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae
subtype: #family_Urticaceae__Urticaceae__nettle_family a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs
subtype: #family_Cannabidaceae__Cannabidaceae__hemp_family 2 genera of erect or twining wind-pollinated herbs: genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae
subtype: #family_Moraceae__Moraceae__mulberry_family trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis
subtype: #family_Cecropiaceae__Cecropiaceae in some classifications included in family Moraceae
subtype: #family_Ulmaceae__Ulmaceae__elm_family__elmfamily a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus; Celtis; Planera; Trema
subtype: #family_Menyanthaceae__Menyanthaceae__buckbean_family a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
subtype: #family_Loganiaceae__Loganiaceae a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
subtype: #family_Linaceae__Linaceae__flax_family a widely distributed family of plants
subtype: #family_Plantaginaceae__Plantaginaceae__plantain_family cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds
subtype: #family_Polygonaceae__Polygonaceae__buckwheat_family__buckwheatfamily a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats
subtype: #family_Amygdalaceae__Amygdalaceae used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus
subtype: #family_Sapindaceae__Sapindaceae__soapberry_family__soapberryfamily chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
subtype: #family_Buxaceae__Buxaceae__box_family__boxfamily widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
subtype: #family_Celastraceae__Celastraceae__spindle-tree_family__staff-tree_family trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
subtype: #family_Empetraceae__Empetraceae__crowberry_family__crowberryfamily heathlike shrubs
subtype: #family_Aceraceae__Aceraceae__maple_family__maplefamily a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
subtype: #family_Aquifoliaceae__Aquifoliaceae__holly_family__hollyfamily widely distributed shrubs and trees
subtype: #family_Anacardiaceae__Anacardiaceae__sumac_family__sumacfamily the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
subtype: #family_Hippocastanaceae__Hippocastanaceae__horse-chestnut_family trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
subtype: #family_Staphylaceae__Staphylaceae__bladdernut_family a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
subtype: #family_Ebenaceae__Ebenaceae__ebony_family__ebonyfamily fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
subtype: #family_Sapotaceae__Sapotaceae__sapodilla_family__sapodillafamily tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
subtype: #family_Symplocaceae__Symplocaceae__sweetleaf_family__sweetleaffamily a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
subtype: #family_Styracaceae__Styracaceae__storax_family__styrax_family a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
subtype: #family_Sarraceniaceae__Sarraceniaceae__pitcher-plant_family__pitcherplantfamily insectivorous plants
subtype: #family_Nepenthaceae__Nepenthaceae coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
subtype: #family_Droseraceae__Droseraceae__sundew_family a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
subtype: #family_Roridulaceae__Roridulaceae in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
subtype: #family_Convolvulaceae__Convolvulaceae__morning-glory_family__morninggloryfamily morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit
subtype: #family_Orobanchaceae__Orobanchaceae__broomrape_family__broomrapefamily brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: #family_Rhamnaceae__Rhamnaceae__buckthorn_family__buckthornfamily trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
subtype: #family_Vitaceae__Vitaceae__Vitidaceae__grapevine_family__grapevinefamily a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
subtype: #family_Piperaceae__Piperaceae__pepper_family tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
subtype: #family_Chloranthaceae__Chloranthaceae small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
subtype: #family_Saururaceae__Saururaceae__lizard's-tail_family family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus; Anemopsis; Houttuynia
subtype: #family_Asclepiadaceae__Asclepiadaceae__milkweed_family widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
subtype: #fungus_family includes lichen families
subtype: #family_Erysiphaceae__Erysiphaceae family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
subtype: #family_Sphaeriaceae__Sphaeriaceae parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
subtype: #family_Ceratostomataceae__Ceratostomataceae fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
subtype: #family_Hypocreaceae__Hypocreaceae family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
subtype: #mushroom_pimple any of various mushrooms of the family Hypocreaceae
subtype: #orange_mushroom_pimple a variety of mushroom pimple
subtype: #green_mushroom_pimple a variety of mushroom pimple
subtype: #family_Xylariaceae__Xylariaceae family of fungi characterized by dark brown to back spores
subtype: #family_Helotiaceae__Helotiaceae a fungus family of order Helotiales
subtype: #family_Sclerotiniaceae__Sclerotiniaceae a fungus family of order Helotiales
subtype: #family_Sclerodermataceae__Sclerodermataceae a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
subtype: #family_Tulostomaceae__Tulostomaceae__Tulostomataceae__family_Tulostomataceae stalked puffballs
subtype: #family_Rhizopogonaceae__Rhizopogonaceae a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
subtype: #family_Mucoraceae__Mucoraceae large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
subtype: #family_Entomophthoraceae__Entomophthoraceae mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
subtype: #family_Chytridiaceae__Chytridiaceae a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
subtype: #family_Blastodiaceae__Blastodiaceae a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
subtype: #family_Synchytriaceae__Synchytriaceae a fungus family of order Chytridiales
subtype: #family_Peronosporaceae__Peronosporaceae parasitic fungi: downy mildews
subtype: #family_Albuginaceae__Albuginaceae fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
subtype: #family_Pythiaceae__Pythiaceae fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
subtype: #family_Plasmodiophoraceae__Plasmodiophoraceae family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
subtype: #family_Tuberaceae__Tuberaceae family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
subtype: #family_Clavariaceae__Clavariaceae fleshy fungi: coral fungi
subtype: #family_Hydnaceae__Hydnaceae tooth fungi
subtype: #family_Lecanoraceae__Lecanoraceae a fungus family of the division Lichenes
subtype: #family_Roccellaceae__Roccellaceae a fungus family of division Lichenes
subtype: #family_Pertusariaceae__Pertusariaceae a fungus family of division Lichenes
subtype: #family_Usneaceae__Usneaceae fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea; Evernia; Ramalina; Alectoria
subtype: #family_Cladoniaceae__Cladoniaceae a family of lichens
subtype: #family_Parmeliaceae__Parmeliaceae a family of lichens
subtype: #family_Agaricaceae__Agaricaceae large family including many familiar mushrooms
subtype: #family_Coprinaceae__Coprinaceae used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
subtype: #family_Russulaceae__Russulaceae used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
subtype: #family_Strophariaceae__Strophariaceae sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
subtype: #family_Entolomataceae__Entolomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: #family_Lepiotaceae__Lepiotaceae a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
subtype: #family_Thelephoraceae__Thelephoraceae fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
subtype: #family_Tricholomataceae__Tricholomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: #family_Volvariaceae__Volvariaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: #family_Pluteaceae__Pluteaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: #family_Saccharomycetaceae__Saccharomycetaceae family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
subtype: #family_Schizosaccharomycetaceae__Schizosaccharomycetaceae a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
subtype: #family_Aspergillaceae__Aspergillaceae family of fungi including some common molds
subtype: #family_Pezizaceae__Pezizaceae large family comprising many typical cup fungi
subtype: #family_Morchellaceae__Morchellaceae a family of edible fungi including the true morels
subtype: #family_Sarcoscyphaceae__Sarcoscyphaceae family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
subtype: #family_Helvellaceae__Helvellaceae family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
subtype: #family_Phallaceae__Phallaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
subtype: #family_Calostomataceae__Calostomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
subtype: #family_Clathraceae__Clathraceae family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
subtype: #family_Lycoperdaceae__Lycoperdaceae a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
subtype: #family_Geastraceae__Geastraceae a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
subtype: #family_Nidulariaceae__Nidulariaceae bird's-nest fungi
subtype: #family_Sphaerobolaceae__Sphaerobolaceae monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
subtype: #family_Secotiaceae__Secotiaceae a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
subtype: #family_Polyporaceae__Polyporaceae fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
subtype: #family_Fistulinaceae__Fistulinaceae a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
subtype: #family_Boletaceae__Boletaceae family of pore-bearing fleshy fungi having the spores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
subtype: #family_Tremellaceae__Tremellaceae a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
subtype: #family_Auriculariaceae__Auriculariaceae fungi having gelatinous sporophores
subtype: #family_Dacrymycetaceae__Dacrymycetaceae a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
subtype: #family_Melampsoraceae__Melampsoraceae rust fungi
subtype: #family_Pucciniaceae__Pucciniaceae large important family of rust fungi
subtype: #family_Ustilaginaceae__Ustilaginaceae a fungus family of loose smuts
subtype: #family_Tilletiaceae__Tilletiaceae a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
subtype: #family_Septobasidiaceae__Septobasidiaceae a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
subtype: #family_Hygrophoraceae__Hygrophoraceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
subtype: #family_Cortinariaceae__Cortinariaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: #family_Moniliaceae__Moniliaceae family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
subtype: #family_Dematiaceae__Dematiaceae family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
subtype: #family_Tuberculariaceae__Tuberculariaceae large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
subtype: #family_Geoglossaceae__Geoglossaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
subtype: #plant_family__plantfamily a family of plants
subtype: #gymnosperm_family a family of gymnosperms
subtype: #family_Gnetaceae__Gnetaceae plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as Gnetum
subtype: #family_Ephedraceae__Ephedraceae ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
subtype: #family_Welwitschiaceae__Welwitschiaceae in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
subtype: #family_Cycadaceae__Cycadaceae__cycad_family__cycadfamily ancient palmlike plants closely related to ferns in that fertilization is by means of spermatozoids
subtype: #family_Zamiaceae__Zamiaceae__zamia_family__zamiafamily a family of cycads often included in the family Cycadaceae: zamias
subtype: #family_Bennettitaceae__Bennettitaceae a family of fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
subtype: #family_Cordaitaceae__Cordaitaceae chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus
subtype: #family_Pinaceae__Pinaceae__pine_family a family of Pinaceae
subtype: #family_Cupressaceae__Cupressaceae__cypress_family__cypressfamily cypresses and junipers and many cedars
subtype: #subfamily_Taxodiaceae__Taxodiaceae__redwood_family__redwoodfamily coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Araucariaceae__Araucariaceae__araucaria_family__araucariafamily tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae
subtype: #family_Cephalotaxaceae__Cephalotaxaceae__plum-yew_family a family of Cephalotaxaceae
subtype: #family_Phyllocladaceae__Phyllocladaceae a family of Phyllocladaceae
subtype: #family_Podocarpaceae__Podocarpaceae__podocarpus_family gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves
subtype: #family_Sciadopityaceae__Sciadopityaceae family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae
subtype: #family_Taxaceae__Taxaceae__yew_family__yewfamily sometimes classified as member of order Taxales
subtype: #family_Ginkgoaceae__Ginkgoaceae__ginkgo_family constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms
subtype: #family_Campanulaceae__Campanulaceae__bellflower_family family of plants of the order Campanulales; in some classifications includes Lobeliaceae
subtype: #family_Dioscoreaceae__Dioscoreaceae__yam_family__yamfamily yams
subtype: #family_Erythroxylaceae__Erythroxylaceae a family of plants of order Geraniales; have drupaceous fruit
subtype: #family_Crassulaceae__Crassulaceae__stonecrop_family__stonecropfamily succulent shrubs and herbs
subtype: #family_Grossulariaceae__Grossulariaceae__gooseberry_family in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry
subtype: #family_Boraginaceae__Boraginaceae__borage_family a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit
subtype: #family_Lentibulariaceae__Lentibulariaceae__bladderwort_family__bladderwortfamily carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia; Pinguicula; Genlisea
subtype: #family_Martyniaceae__Martyniaceae in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae
subtype: #family_Pedaliaceae__Pedaliaceae__sesame_family the family of plants of order Polemoniales
subtype: #fern_family families of ferns and fern allies
subtype: #family_Hymenophyllaceae__Hymenophyllaceae terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns
subtype: #family_Osmundaceae__Osmundaceae large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas
subtype: #family_Schizaeaceae__Schizaeaceae small family of mainly tropical ferns
subtype: #family_Marsileaceae__Marsileaceae clover ferns
subtype: #family_Salviniaceae__Salviniaceae water ferns
subtype: #family_Azollaceae__Azollaceae used in some classifications for the genus Azolla
subtype: #family_Ophioglossaceae__Ophioglossaceae a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution
subtype: #family_Gleicheniaceae__Gleicheniaceae a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales
subtype: #family_Parkeriaceae__Parkeriaceae coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae
subtype: #family_Polypodiaceae__Polypodiaceae ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)
subtype: #family_Adiantaceae__Adiantaceae used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)
subtype: #family_Vittariaceae__Vittariaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria
subtype: #family_Aspleniaceae__Aspleniaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium; Pleurosorus; Schaffneria
subtype: #family_Blechnaceae__Blechnaceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum; Doodia; Sadleria; Stenochlaena; Woodwardia
subtype: #family_Cyatheaceae__Cyatheaceae tropical tree ferns
subtype: #family_Davalliaceae__Davalliaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Dennstaedtiaceae__Dennstaedtiaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Dicksoniaceae__Dicksoniaceae tree ferns: genera Dicksonia; Cibotium; Culcita; Thyrsopteris
subtype: #family_Dryopteridaceae__Dryopteridaceae__Athyriaceae__family_Athyriaceae alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Lomariopsidaceae__Lomariopsidaceae small family of usually scandent ferns
subtype: #family_Lophosoriaceae__Lophosoriaceae very small family of tree ferns
subtype: #family_Loxomataceae__Loxomataceae very small family of New Zealand ferns
subtype: #family_Oleandraceae__Oleandraceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Pteridaceae__Pteridaceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided
subtype: #family_Marattiaceae__Marattiaceae constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds
subtype: #family_Psilotaceae__Psilotaceae small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves
subtype: #family_Psilophytaceae__Psilophytaceae Paleozoic plants
subtype: #family_Rhyniaceae__Rhyniaceae primitive plants of the Paleozoic
subtype: #family_Equisetaceae__Equisetaceae__horsetail_family__horsetailfamily sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies
subtype: #family_Lepidodendraceae__Lepidodendraceae fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk
subtype: #family_Lycopodiaceae__Lycopodiaceae__clubmoss_family a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales
subtype: #family_Selaginellaceae__Selaginellaceae lesser clubmosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses
subtype: #family_Isoetaceae__Isoetaceae__quillwort_family__quillwortfamily quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes
subtype: #family_Cryptogrammataceae__Cryptogrammataceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: #family_Thelypteridaceae__Thelypteridaceae genera Thelypteris; Phegopteris; others
subtype: #superfamily (biology) a taxonomic group ranking below an order but above a family
subtype: #subfamily (biology) a taxonomic category below a family
subtype: #tribe (biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily
subtype: #tribe_Bovini__Bovini term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos
subtype: #tribe_Bambuseae__Bambuseae bamboos
subtype: #genus__genu (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
subtype: #form_genus an artificial taxonomic category established on the basis of morphological resemblance for organisms of obscure true relationships especially fossil forms
subtype: #bacteria_genus a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Aerobacter__Aerobacter aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature
subtype: #genus_Rhizobium__Rhizobium the type genus of Rhizobiaceae; usually occur in the root nodules of legumes; can fix atmospheric oxygen
subtype: #genus_Agrobacterium__Agrobacterium small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
subtype: #genus_Bacillus type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites
subtype: #genus_Clostridium anaerobic or micro-aerophilic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped saprophytes; nearly cosmopolitan in soil, animal intestines, and dung
subtype: #genus_Nostoc type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae
subtype: #genus_Trichodesmium a genus of blue-green algae
subtype: #genus_Pseudomonas__Pseudomonas type genus of the family Pseudomonodaceae
subtype: #genus_Xanthomonas__Xanthomonas a genus of bacteria similar to Pseudomonas but producing a yellow pigment that is not soluble in water
subtype: #family_Nitrobacteriaceae__Nitrobacteriaceae usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria
subtype: #genus_Nitrobacter__Nitrobacter rod-shaped soil bacteria
subtype: #genus_Nitrosomonas__Nitrosomonas ellipsoidal soil bacteria
subtype: #genus_Thiobacillus a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Spirillum a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Vibrio a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Bacteroides__Bacteroides type genus of Bacteroidaceae; genus of gram-negative rodlike anaerobic bacteria producing no endospores and no pigment and living in the gut of man and animals
subtype: #genus_Escherichia a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Klebsiella a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Salmonella a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Shigella a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Erwinia a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Rickettsia can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans
subtype: #genus_Chlamydia type genus of the family Chlamydiaceae: disease-causing parasites
subtype: #genus_Mycoplasma type and sole genus of the family Mycoplasmataceae
subtype: #genus_Actinomyces type genus of the family Actinomycetaceae
subtype: #genus_Streptomyces type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae
subtype: #genus_Mycobacterium nonmotile gram-positive aerobic bacteria
subtype: #genus_Polyangium__Polyangium type genus of the family Polyangiaceae: myxobacteria with rounded fruiting bodies enclosed in a membrane
subtype: #genus_Micrococcus__Micrococcus type genus of the family Micrococcaceae
subtype: #genus_Staphylococcus includes many pathogenic species
subtype: #genus_Lactobacillus type genus of the family Lactobacillaceae
subtype: #genus_Diplococcus a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Streptococcus a genus of bacteria
subtype: #genus_Spirochaeta__Spirochaeta type genus of the family Spirochaetaceae; flexible undulating chiefly aquatic bacteria
subtype: #genus_Treponema type genus of Treponemataceae: anaerobic spirochetes with an undulating rigid body; parasitic in warm-blooded animals
subtype: #genus_Borrelia small flexible parasitic spirochetes having three to five wavy spirals
subtype: #genus_Leptospira very slender aerobic spirochetes; free-living or parasitic in mammals
subtype: #protoctist_genus any genus of Protoctista
subtype: #genus_Amoeba protozoan inhabiting moist soils or bottom vegetation in fresh or salt water
subtype: #genus_Endamoeba__Endamoeba the type genus of the family Endamoebidae
subtype: #genus_Globigerina type genus of the family Globigerinidae
subtype: #genus_Arcella type genus of the Arcellidae
subtype: #genus_Difflugia genus of protozoans related to Amoeba
subtype: #genus_Paramecium freshwater ciliate with an oval body and long deep oral groove
subtype: #genus_Tetrahymena protozoa having four membranous ciliary organelles
subtype: #genus_Stentor trumpet-shaped protozoa with a ciliated spiral feeding funnel
subtype: #genus_Vorticella ciliates
subtype: #genus_Tribonema__Tribonema__genus_Conferva type genus of Tribonemaceae
subtype: #genus_Laminaria__Laminaria type genus of the family Laminariaceae: perennial brown kelps
subtype: #genus_Fucus type genus of the family Fucaceae: cartilaginous brown algae
subtype: #genus_Ascophyllum__Ascophyllum brown algae distinguished by compressed or inflated branchlets along the axis
subtype: #genus_Sargassum a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Euglena type genus of the family Euglenaceae: green algae with a single flagellum
subtype: #genus_Ulva__Ulva type genus of the family Ulvaceae; green seaweed having a thallus two cells thick: sea lettuce
subtype: #genus_Volvox__Volvox type genus of the Volvocaceae; minute pale green flagellates occurring in tiny spherical colonies; minute flagella rotate the colony about an axis
subtype: #genus_Chlamydomonas__Chlamydomonas type genus of the Chlamydomonadaceae; solitary doubly-flagellated plant-like algae common in fresh water and damp soil; multiply freely; often a pest around filtration plants
subtype: #genus_Zygnema__Zygnema type genus of the family Zygnemataceae
subtype: #genus_Spirogyra a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Chlorococcum__Chlorococcum type genus of Chlorococcales; unicellular green algae occurring singly or in a layer on soil or damp rock
subtype: #genus_Chlorella nonmotile unicellular green algae potentially important as source of high-grade protein and B-complex vitamins
subtype: #genus_Oedogonium__Oedogonium type genus of Oedogoniaceae; freshwater green algae having long unbranched filaments; usually free-floating when mature
subtype: #genus_Chara__Chara green algae common in freshwater lakes of limestone districts
subtype: #genus_Nitella__Nitella fragile branching stoneworts
subtype: #genus_Desmidium__Desmidium a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Chondrus__Chondrus a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Rhodymenia__Rhodymenia type genus of the family Rhodymeniaceae
subtype: #genus_Porphyra__Porphyra a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Noctiluca a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Peridinium__Peridinium type genus of the family Peridiniidae
subtype: #genus_Costia a genus of flagellate protoctista
subtype: #genus_Giardia flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
subtype: #genus_Chilomastix__Chilomastix flagellates parasitic in intestines of vertebrates including humans
subtype: #genus_Hexamita__Hexamita flagellates free-living or parasitic in intestines of birds
subtype: #genus_Trichomonas flagellates parasitic in alimentary or genitourinary tracts of vertebrates and invertebrates including humans
subtype: #genus_Eimeria type genus of the family Eimeriidae; includes serious pathogens
subtype: #genus_Plasmodium type genus of the family Plasmodiidae
subtype: #genus_Haemoproteus__Haemoproteus type genus of the family Haemoproteidae
subtype: #genus_Leucocytozoon__genus_Leucocytozoan a genus of protoctista
subtype: #genus_Babesia__genus_Piroplasma type genus of the family Babesiidae
subtype: #genus_Sarcocystis__Sarcocystis chief genus of the order Sarcosporidia
subtype: #fish_genus any of various genus of fish
subtype: #genus_Cyprinus__Cyprinus type genus of the family Cyprinidae: carp
subtype: #genus_Abramis__Abramis European fishes
subtype: #genus_Tinca__Tinca tench
subtype: #genus_Leuciscus__Leuciscus a genus of fish including: dace, chub
subtype: #genus_Notropis__Notropis shiners
subtype: #genus_Notemigonus__Notemigonus golden shiners
subtype: #genus_Rutilus__Rutilus roaches
subtype: #genus_Scardinius__Scardinius rudds
subtype: #genus_Phoxinus__Phoxinus minnows
subtype: #genus_Gobio__Gobio true gudgeons
subtype: #genus_Carassius__Carassius goldfish
subtype: #genus_Electrophorus__Electrophorus type genus of the family Electrophoridae; electric eels
subtype: #genus_Catostomus__Catostomus type genus of the family Catostomidae
subtype: #genus_Ictiobus__Ictiobus buffalo fishes
subtype: #genus_Hypentelium__Hypentelium a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
subtype: #genus_Maxostoma__Maxostoma a genus of fish in the family Catostomidae
subtype: #genus_Fundulus__Fundulus killifish
subtype: #genus_Rivulus killifish
subtype: #genus_Jordanella__Jordanella flagfishes
subtype: #genus_Xyphophorus__Xyphophorus swordtails
subtype: #genus_Lebistes__Lebistes guppies
subtype: #genus_Gambusia__Gambusia mosquitofish
subtype: #genus_Platypoecilus__Platypoecilus platys
subtype: #genus_Mollienesia__Mollienesia mollies
subtype: #genus_Holocentrus__Holocentrus type genus of the family Holocentridae; squirrelfishes
subtype: #genus_Anomalops type genus of the family Anomalopidae
subtype: #genus_Krypterophaneron__Krypterophaneron a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
subtype: #genus_Photoblepharon__Photoblepharon a genus of fish in the family Anomalopidae
subtype: #genus_Zeus__Zeus type genus of the family Zeidae
subtype: #genus_Capros__Capros a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
subtype: #genus_Antigonia__Antigonia a genus of fish in the family Caproidae
subtype: #genus_Fistularia__Fistularia type genus of the family Fistulariidae
subtype: #Gasterosteus__genus_gasterosteus type genus of the family Gasterosteidae
subtype: #genus_Syngnathus__Syngnathus type genus of the family Syngnathidae
subtype: #genus_Cosmocampus__Cosmocampus a genus of fish in the family Syngnathidae
subtype: #genus_Hippocampus__Hippocampus seahorses
subtype: #genus_Aulostomus__Aulostomus type genus of the Aulostomidae
subtype: #genus_Petromyzon__Petromyzon typical lampreys
subtype: #genus_Myxine__Myxine type genus of the Myxinidae (typical hagfishes)
subtype: #genus_Eptatretus a genus of fossil fish of the family Myxinidae
subtype: #genus_Myxinikela__Myxinikela fossil hagfishes
subtype: #genus_Chimaera type genus of the Chimaeridae
subtype: #genus_Hexanchus__Hexanchus a genus of Hexanchidae
subtype: #genus_Lamna__Lamna a genus of Lamnidae
subtype: #genus_Isurus__Isurus mako sharks
subtype: #genus_Carcharodon__Carcharodon man-eating sharks
subtype: #genus_Cetorhinus__Cetorhinus comprising only the basking sharks; in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Cetorhinidae
subtype: #genus_Alopius__Alopius type genus of the family Alopiidae; in some classifications considered a genus of the family Lamnidae
subtype: #genus_Orectolobus__Orectolobus carpet sharks
subtype: #genus_Ginglymostoma__Ginglymostoma nurse sharks
subtype: #genus_Carcharias__Carcharias__Odontaspis__genus_Odontaspis type and sole genus of Carchariidae: sand sharks
subtype: #genus_Rhincodon__Rhincodon whale sharks
subtype: #genus_Carcharhinus__Carcharhinus type genus of the Carcharhinidae
subtype: #genus_Negaprion__Negaprion lemon sharks
subtype: #genus_Prionace__Prionace blue sharks
subtype: #genus_Galeocerdo__Galeocerdo tiger sharks
subtype: #genus_Galeorhinus__Galeorhinus a genus of Carcharhinidae
subtype: #genus_Mustelus__Mustelus smooth dogfishes
subtype: #genus_Triaenodon__Triaenodon a genus of Triakidae
subtype: #genus_Squalus__Squalus spiny dogfishes
subtype: #genus_Sphyrna__Sphyrna type genus of the Sphyrnidae
subtype: #genus_Squatina__Squatina type genus of the Squatinidae: angel sharks
subtype: #genus_Pristis__Pristis type genus of the Pristidae
subtype: #genus_Dasyatis__Dasyatis type genus of the Dasyatidae
subtype: #genus_Gymnura__Gymnura butterfly rays
subtype: #genus_Aetobatus__Aetobatus a genus of Myliobatidae
subtype: #genus_Rhinoptera__Rhinoptera a genus of Myliobatidae
subtype: #genus_Manta a genus of Mobulidae
subtype: #genus_Mobula__Mobula type genus of the Mobulidae
subtype: #genus_Raja__Raja type genus of the family Rajidae
subtype: #genus_Latimeria__Latimeria type genus of the Latimeridae: coelacanth
subtype: #genus_Ceratodus type genus of the Ceratodontidae: extinct genus of lungfishes
subtype: #genus_Neoceratodus__Neoceratodus extant Australian lungfishes
subtype: #genus_Silurus__Silurus type genus of the Siluridae: catfishes
subtype: #genus_Malopterurus__Malopterurus electric catfish
subtype: #genus_Ameiurus__Ameiurus type genus of the Ameiuridae: bullhead catfishes
subtype: #genus_Ictalurus__Ictalurus channel catfishes
subtype: #genus_Pylodictus__Pylodictus flathead catfishes
subtype: #genus_Arius__Arius type genus of the Ariidae: sea catfishes
subtype: #genus_Gadus__Gadus type genus of the Gadidae: the typical codfishes
subtype: #genus_Merlangus__Merlangus whitings
subtype: #genus_Lota__Lota burbot
subtype: #genus_Melanogrammus__Melanogrammus haddock
subtype: #genus_Pollachius__Pollachius pollack
subtype: #genus_Merluccius__Merluccius hakes
subtype: #genus_Urophycis__Urophycis hakes
subtype: #genus_Molva__Molva ling
subtype: #Brosmius__genus_Browmius cusk
subtype: #genus_Anguilla__Anguilla type genus of the Anguillidae: eels
subtype: #genus_Gonorhynchus__Gonorhynchus slender cylindrical marine fishes lacking air bladders and teeth
subtype: #genus_Alosa__Alosa shad
subtype: #genus_Pomolobus__Pomolobus genus to which the alewife is sometimes assigned
subtype: #genus_Brevoortia__Brevoortia menhaden
subtype: #genus_Clupea__Clupea type genus of the Clupeidae: typical herrings
subtype: #genus_Sardina__Sardina__genus_Sardinia pilchards
subtype: #genus_Sardinops__Sardinops pilchards
subtype: #genus_Engraulis__Engraulis type genus of the family Engraulidae
subtype: #genus_Salmo__Salmo type genus of the Salmonidae: salmon and trout
subtype: #genus_Onchorynchus__Onchorynchus sockeye salmon; chinook salmon; coho salmon
subtype: #genus_Salvelinus__Salvelinus brook trout
subtype: #genus_Coregonus__Coregonus type genus of the Coregonidae: whitefishes
subtype: #genus_Prosopium__Prosopium whitefishes
subtype: #genus_Osmerus__Osmerus type genus of the Osmeridae
subtype: #genus_Mallotus__Mallotus capelins
subtype: #genus_Tarpon tarpons
subtype: #genus_Elops__Elops type genus of the Elopidae: tenpounder
subtype: #genus_Albula__Albula type and sole genus of the family Albulidae
subtype: #genus_Argentina__Argentina type genus of the Argentinidae: argentines
subtype: #genus_Alepisaurus__Alepisaurus slender scaleless predaceous tropical deep-sea fishes
subtype: #genus_Lampris__Lampris type genus of the Lampridae
subtype: #genus_Trachipterus__Trachipterus type genus of the Trachipteridae
subtype: #Reglaecus__genus_Regalecus type genus of the Regalecidae
subtype: #genus_Lophius__Lophius type genus of family Lophiidae
subtype: #genus_Scomberesox__Scomberesox__Scombresox__genus_Scombresox a genus of Scomberesocidae
subtype: #genus_Ophiodon__Ophiodon a genus of Ophiodontidae
subtype: #genus_Perca__Perca type genus of the Percidae
subtype: #genus_Stizostedion__Stizostedion pikeperches
subtype: #genus_Percina__Percina a genus of Percidae
subtype: #genus_Centropomus__Centropomus type genus of the Centropomidae: snooks
subtype: #genus_Esox__Esox type and only genus of the family Esocidae
subtype: #genus_Pomoxis__Pomoxis crappies
subtype: #genus_Lepomis__Lepomis bream
subtype: #genus_Ambloplites__Ambloplites a genus of Centrarchidae
subtype: #genus_Micropterus__Micropterus American freshwater black basses
subtype: #genus_Morone__Morone carnivorous fresh and salt water fishes
subtype: #genus_Synagrops__Synagrops a genus of Serranidae
subtype: #genus_Centropristis__Centropristis sea basses
subtype: #genus_Roccus__Roccus a genus of Serranidae
subtype: #genus_Polyprion__Polyprion wreckfish
subtype: #genus_Serranus__Serranus type genus of the Serranidae: mostly small Pacific sea basses
subtype: #genus_Epinephelus__Epinephelus genus of groupers or sea bass
subtype: #genus_Paranthias__Paranthias a genus of Serranidae
subtype: #genus_Mycteroperca__Mycteroperca groupers
subtype: #genus_Rypticus__Rypticus a genus of fish of the family Serranidae, including soapfishes
subtype: #genus_Hipsurus__Hipsurus a genus of Embiotocidae
subtype: #genus_Priacanthus__Priacanthus type genus of the Priacanthidae
subtype: #genus_Apogon__Apogon type genus of the Apogonidae
subtype: #genus_Astropogon__Astropogon a genus of fish of the family Apogonidae
subtype: #genus_Lopholatilus__Lopholatilus large brightly colored food fish of deep Atlantic waters
subtype: #genus_Pomatomus__Pomatomus type genus of the Pomatomidae
subtype: #genus_Rachycentron__Rachycentron genus and family are coextensive and comprise only the cobia
subtype: #genus_Echeneis__Echeneis type genus of the Echeneididae: typical remoras
subtype: #genus_Remilegia__Remilegia a genus of Echeneididae
subtype: #genus_Caranx__Caranx type genus of the Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Elagatis__Elagatis a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Oligoplites__Oligoplites leatherjackets
subtype: #genus_Alectis__Alectis a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Selene__Selene a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Seriola__Seriola a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Trachinotus__Trachinotus a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Naucrates__Naucrates a genus of Carangidae
subtype: #genus_Trachurus__Trachurus scads especially horse mackerels
subtype: #genus_Selar__Selar big-eyed scad
subtype: #genus_Decapterus__Decapterus scads especially mackerel scad; cosmopolitan
subtype: #genus_Brama__Brama type genus of the Bramidae
subtype: #genus_Hemigrammus__Hemigrammus tetras
subtype: #genus_Paracheirodon__Paracheirodon a genus of Characidae
subtype: #genus_Serrasalmus__Serrasalmus piranhas
subtype: #genus_Tilapia__Tilapia a genus of Cichlidae
subtype: #genus_Lutjanus__Lutjanus type genus of the Lutjanidae: snappers
subtype: #genus_Ocyurus__Ocyurus snappers
subtype: #genus_Haemulon__Haemulon type genus of the Haemulidae
subtype: #genus_Anisotremus__Anisotremus a genus of Haemulidae
subtype: #genus_Orthopristis__Orthopristis a genus of Haemulidae
subtype: #genus_Pagrus__Pagrus a genus of Sparidae
subtype: #genus_Pagellus__Pagellus sea breams
subtype: #genus_Archosargus__Archosargus a genus of Sparidae
subtype: #genus_Lagodon__Lagodon a genus of Sparidae
subtype: #Calamus__genus_Calamus a genus of Sparidae
subtype: #genus_Chrysophrys__Chrysophrys australian snapper
subtype: #genus_Stenotomus__Stenotomus scups
subtype: #genus_Equetus__Equetus drumfish
subtype: #genus_Bairdiella__Bairdiella drumfish
subtype: #genus_Sciaenops__Sciaenops a genus of Sciaenidae
subtype: #genus_Sciaena__Sciaena type genus of the Sciaenidae: croakers
subtype: #genus_Micropogonias__Micropogonias croakers
subtype: #genus_Umbrina__Umbrina croakers
subtype: #genus_Menticirrhus__Menticirrhus kingfishes; whiting
subtype: #genus_Genyonemus__Genyonemus a genus of Sciaenidae
subtype: #genus_Seriphus__Seriphus a genus of Sciaenidae
subtype: #genus_Cynoscion__Cynoscion sea trout
subtype: #genus_Mullus__Mullus type genus of the Mullidae: goatfishes
subtype: #genus_Mulloidichthys__Mulloidichthys a genus of Mullidae
subtype: #genus_Mugil__Mugil type genus of the Mugilidae: mullets
subtype: #genus_Atherinopsis__Atherinopsis a genus of Atherinidae
subtype: #genus_Sphyraena__Sphyraena type and sole genus of the Sphyraenidae: barracuda
subtype: #genus_Kyphosus__Kyphosus type genus of the Kyphosidae
subtype: #genus_Chaetodipterus__Chaetodipterus a genus of Ephippidae
subtype: #genus_Chaetodon type genus of the Chaetodontidae
subtype: #genus_Pomacanthus__Pomacanthus angelfishes
subtype: #genus_Pomacentrus__Pomacentrus type genus of the Pomacentridae: damselfishes
subtype: #genus_Amphiprion__Amphiprion damsel fishes
subtype: #genus_Abudefduf__Abudefduf damsel fishes
subtype: #genus_Achoerodus__Achoerodus a genus of Labridae
subtype: #genus_Lachnolaimus__Lachnolaimus a genus of Labridae
subtype: #genus_Halicoeres__Halicoeres a genus of Labridae
subtype: #genus_Thalassoma__Thalassoma a genus of Labridae
subtype: #genus_Hemipteronatus__Hemipteronatus razorfishes
subtype: #genus_Tautoga__Tautoga tautogs
subtype: #genus_Tautogolabrus__Tautogolabrus a genus of Labridae
subtype: #genus_Polydactylus__Polydactylus a genus of Polynemidae
subtype: #genus_Blennius__Blennius type genus of the Blenniidae
subtype: #genus_Scartella__Scartella a genus of Blenniidae
subtype: #genus_Chaenopsis__Chaenopsis a genus of fish of the family Clinidae including pikeblennies
subtype: #genus_Pholis__Pholis type genus of the Pholidae: gunnels
subtype: #genus_Lumpenus__Lumpenus a genus of Stichaeidae
subtype: #genus_Cryptacanthodes__Cryptacanthodes a genus of Stichaeidae
subtype: #genus_Anarhichas__Anarhichas type genus of the Anarhichadidae
subtype: #genus_Zoarces__Zoarces type genus of the Zoarcidae
subtype: #genus_Gymnelis__Gymnelis a genus of Zoarcidae
subtype: #genus_Macrozoarces__Macrozoarces a genus of Zoarcidae
subtype: #genus_Ammodytes__Ammodytes type genus of the Ammodytidae
subtype: #genus_Periophthalmus__Periophthalmus a genus of Gobiidae
subtype: #genus_Toxotes__Toxotes type genus of the Toxotidae
subtype: #genus_Acanthurus__Acanthurus type genus of the Acanthuridae: doctorfishes
subtype: #genus_Gempylus__Gempylus type genus of the Gempylidae
subtype: #genus_Lepidocybium__Lepidocybium a genus of Gempylidae
subtype: #genus_Scomber__Scomber type genus of the Scombridae
subtype: #genus_Acanthocybium__Acanthocybium wahoos
subtype: #genus_Scomberomorus__Scomberomorus Spanish mackerels
subtype: #genus_Thunnus__Thunnus tunas: warm-blooded fishes
subtype: #genus_Sarda__Sarda bonitos
subtype: #genus_Euthynnus__Euthynnus a genus of Scombridae
subtype: #genus_Katsuwonus__Katsuwonus oceanic bonitos; in some classifications placed in its own family Katsuwonidae
subtype: #genus_Xiphias__Xiphias type genus of the Xiphiidae
subtype: #genus_Istiophorus__Istiophorus type genus of the Istiophoridae
subtype: #genus_Makaira__Makaira marlins
subtype: #genus_Tetrapturus__Tetrapturus a genus of Istiophoridae
subtype: #genus_Luvarus__Luvarus type genus of the Luvaridae
subtype: #genus_Poronotus__Poronotus a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Palometa a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Paprilus__Paprilus a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Psenes__Psenes a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Ariomma__Ariomma a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Tetragonurus__Tetragonurus a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Hyperoglyphe__Hyperoglyphe a genus of Stromateidae
subtype: #genus_Gobiesox__Gobiesox type genus of the Gobiesocidae
subtype: #genus_Lobotes__Lobotes type genus of the Lobotidae
subtype: #genus_Gerres__Gerres type genus of the Gerreidae
subtype: #genus_Eucinostomus__Eucinostomus a genus of Gerreidae
subtype: #genus_Sillago__Sillago type genus of the Sillaginidae
subtype: #genus_Amia__Amia type genus of the Amiidae
subtype: #genus_Polyodon__Polyodon type genus of the Polyodontidae
subtype: #genus_Psephurus__Psephurus a genus of Polyodontidae
subtype: #genus_Acipenser__Acipenser type genus of the Acipenseridae: sturgeons
subtype: #genus_Lepisosteus__Lepisosteus type genus of the Lepisosteidae: freshwater gars
subtype: #genus_Scorpaena__Scorpaena type genus of the Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes
subtype: #genus_Pterois__Pterois lionfishes
subtype: #genus_Synanceja__Synanceja stonefishes
subtype: #genus_Sebastodes__Sebastodes rockfishes
subtype: #genus_Cottus__Cottus type genus of the Cottidae: sculpins
subtype: #genus_Hemitripterus__Hemitripterus sea ravens
subtype: #genus_Myxocephalus__Myxocephalus grubby
subtype: #genus_Cyclopterus__Cyclopterus type genus of the Cyclopteridae: lumpfishes
subtype: #Liparis__genus_Liparis type genus of the Liparididae: snailfishes
subtype: #genus_Agonus__Agonus type genus of the Agonidae
subtype: #genus_Aspidophoroides__Aspidophoroides alligatorfishes
subtype: #genus_Hexagrammos__Hexagrammos type genus of the Hexagrammidae
subtype: #genus_Oxylebius__Oxylebius a genus of Hexagrammidae
subtype: #genus_Triga__Triga type genus of the Triglidae
subtype: #genus_Prionotus__Prionotus a genus of Triglidae
subtype: #genus_Peristedion__Peristedion in some classifications the type genus of the subfamily Peristediinae: armored sea robins
subtype: #genus_Dactylopterus__Dactylopterus a genus of Dactylopteridae
subtype: #genus_Balistes__Balistes type genus of the Balistidae
subtype: #genus_Monocanthus__Monocanthus type genus of the Monocanthidae
subtype: #genus_Lactophrys__Lactophrys a genus of Ostraciidae
subtype: #genus_Diodon__Diodon type genus of the Diodontidae
subtype: #genus_Chilomycterus__Chilomycterus burrfishes
subtype: #genus_Mola type genus of the Molidae
subtype: #genus_Pleuronectes__Pleuronectes type genus of the Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Platichthys__Platichthys a genus of Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Limanda__Limanda a genus of Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Pseudopleuronectes__Pseudopleuronectes a genus of Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Microstomus__Microstomus a genus of Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Hippoglossoides__Hippoglossoides a genus of Pleuronectidae
subtype: #genus_Hippoglossus__Hippoglossus halibuts
subtype: #genus_Paralichthys__Paralichthys a genus of Bothidae
subtype: #genus_Etropus__Etropus a genus of Bothidae
subtype: #genus_Citharichthys__Citharichthys a genus of Bothidae
subtype: #genus_Scophthalmus__Scophthalmus a genus of Bothidae
subtype: #genus_Psetta__Psetta a genus of Bothidae
subtype: #genus_Solea__Solea type genus of the Soleidae
subtype: #genus_Parophrys__Parophrys a genus of Soleidae
subtype: #genus_Psettichthys__Psettichthys a genus of Soleidae
subtype: #genus_Trinectes__Trinectes a genus of Soleidae
subtype: #chordate_genus any genus in the phylum Chordata
subtype: #genus_Amphioxus type genus of the Amphioxidae
subtype: #genus_Salpa type (perhaps sole) genus of the Salpidae
subtype: #genus_Doliolum type genus of the Doliolidae
subtype: #genus_Appendicularia a genus of chordates in the class Larvacea
subtype: #bird_genus a genus of birds
subtype: #genus_Protoavis extinct primitive birds of the Triassic period; 70 million years before archaeopteryx
subtype: #genus_Archaeopteryx__genus_Archeopteryx a genus of fossil birds
subtype: #genus_Sinornis a genus of fossil birds
subtype: #genus_Ibero-mesornis a genus of fossil bird of the subclass Archaeornithes
subtype: #genus_Archaeornis a genus of fossil bird
subtype: #genus_Struthio__Struthio type genus of the Struthionidae: African ostriches
subtype: #genus_Casuarius__Casuarius type and sole genus of the Casuaridae: cassowaries
subtype: #genus_Dromaius__Dromaius a genus of birds in the order Casuariiformes
subtype: #genus_Apteryx type genus of the Apterygidae: kiwis
subtype: #genus_Rhea type genus of the Rheidae; large tall flightless South American birds similar to but smaller than ostriches
subtype: #genus_Pterocnemia__Pterocnemia a genus of birds of the family Rheidae
subtype: #genus_Aepyornis type genus of the Aepyornidae: elephant birds
subtype: #genus_Dinornis__Dinornis type genus of the Dinornithidae: large moas
subtype: #genus_Anomalopteryx small moas
subtype: #genus_Prunella__Prunella type genus of the Prunellidae
subtype: #genus_Alauda__Alauda type genus of the Alaudidae: skylarks
subtype: #genus_Motacilla__Motacilla type genus of the Motacillidae: wagtails
subtype: #genus_Anthus__Anthus pipits
subtype: #genus_Fringilla__Fringilla type genus of the Fringillidae: chaffinch, brambling
subtype: #genus_Carduelis__Carduelis in some classifications considered the type genus of a subfamily Carduelinae of the Fringillidae: goldfinches; siskins; redpolls; linnets
subtype: #genus_Spinus__Spinus in some classifications considered a subgenus of Carduelis: siskins and New World goldfinches
subtype: #genus_Carpodacus__Carpodacus house finches and purple finches
subtype: #genus_Serinus__Serinus Old World finches: e.g. canaries and serins
subtype: #genus_Loxia__Loxia crossbill
subtype: #genus_Pyrrhula__Pyrrhula bullfinches
subtype: #genus_Junco American finches
subtype: #genus_Pooecetes__Pooecetes a genus of Fringillidae
subtype: #genus_Zonotrichia__Zonotrichia large New World sparrows
subtype: #genus_Spizella__Spizella chipping sparrow; field sparrow; tree sparrow
subtype: #genus_Melospiza__Melospiza American song sparrow and swamp sparrow
subtype: #genus_Passerina__genuspasserina__Passerina small North American bush-loving finches: New World buntings
subtype: #genus_Emberiza__Emberiza Old World buntings
subtype: #genus_Plectrophenax__Plectrophenax snow bunting
subtype: #genus_Coereba__Coereba type genus of the Coerebidae
subtype: #genus_Passer__Passer type genus of the Passeridae
subtype: #genus_Hesperiphona__Hesperiphona evening grosbeak
subtype: #genus_Coccothraustes__Coccothraustes large finches
subtype: #genus_Pinicola__Pinicola a genus of Fringillidae
subtype: #genus_Richmondena__Richmondena cardinals
subtype: #genus_Pyrrhuloxia large showy finches related to cardinals
subtype: #genus_Pipilo__Pipilo towhees
subtype: #genus_Chlorura__Chlorura towhees
subtype: #genus_Ploceus__Ploceus type genus of the Ploceidae
subtype: #genus_Vidua__Vidua whydahs
subtype: #genus_Padda__Padda a genus of Ploceidae
subtype: #genus_Estrilda__Estrilda avadavats
subtype: #genus_Poephila__Poephila grassfinches
subtype: #genus_Drepanis__Drepanis a genus of Drepanididae
subtype: #genus_Menura__Menura type and sole genus of the family Menuridae
subtype: #genus_Atrichornis__Atrichornis type genus of the Atrichornithidae
subtype: #genus_Tyrannus__Tyrannus type genus of the Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers
subtype: #genus_Contopus__Contopus pewees
subtype: #genus_Sayornis__Sayornis phoebes
subtype: #genus_Pyrocephalus__Pyrocephalus a genus of Tyrannidae
subtype: #genus_Cotinga type genus of the Cotingidae: cotingas
subtype: #genus_Rupicola__Rupicola cock of the rocks
subtype: #genus_Pipra__Pipra type genus of the Pipridae containing the typical manakins
subtype: #genus_Procnias__Procnias bellbirds
subtype: #genus_Cephalopterus__Cephalopterus a genus of Cotingidae
subtype: #genus_Furnarius__Furnarius type genus of the family Furnariidae: ovenbirds
subtype: #genus_Formicarius__Formicarius type genus of the Formicariidae
subtype: #genus_Thamnophilus__Thamnophilus a genus of Formicariidae
subtype: #genus_Hylophylax__Hylophylax a genus of Formicariidae
subtype: #genus_Dendrocolaptes__Dendrocolaptes type genus of the Dendrocolaptidae
subtype: #genus_Pitta type genus of the Pittidae; a large genus of birds of southern Asia and Australia and adjacent islands
subtype: #genus_Muscivora__Muscivora a genus of Tyrannidae
subtype: #genus_Muscicapa__Muscicapa type genus of the Muscicapidae
subtype: #genus_Pachycephala__Pachycephala arboreal insectivorous birds
subtype: #genus_Turdus__Turdus type genus of the Turdidae
subtype: #genus_Hylocichla__Hylocichla American thrushes: wood thrush; hermit thrush; veery
subtype: #genus_Luscinia__Luscinia nightingales
subtype: #genus_Saxicola__Saxicola Old World chats
subtype: #genus_Myadestes__Myadestes solitaires
subtype: #genus_Phoenicurus__Phoenicurus Old World thrushes
subtype: #genus_Oenanthe__Oenanthe wheatears
subtype: #genus_Sialia__Sialia North American bluebirds
subtype: #genus_Erithacus__Erithacus Old World thrushes
subtype: #genus_Polioptila__Polioptila New World gnatcatchers
subtype: #genus_Regulus__Regulus a genus of birds of the family Sylviidae including kinglets
subtype: #genus_Silvia__Silvia type genus of the Sylviidae: warblers
subtype: #genus_Phylloscopus__Phylloscopus warblers
subtype: #genus_Acrocephalus__Acrocephalus a genus of Sylviidae
subtype: #genus_Prinia__Prinia a genus of Sylviidae
subtype: #genus_Orthotomus__Orthotomus tailorbirds
subtype: #genus_Timalia__Timalia type genus of the Timaliidae
subtype: #genus_Parula__Parula type genus of the Parulidae: wood warblers
subtype: #genus_Setophaga__Setophaga a genus of Parulidae
subtype: #genus_Dendroica__Dendroica a genus of Parulidae
subtype: #genus_Icteria__Icteria New World chats
subtype: #genus_Seiurus__Seiurus ovenbirds and water thrushes
subtype: #genus_Geothlypis__Geothlypis yellowthroats
subtype: #genus_Ptloris__Ptloris a genus of Paradisaeidae
subtype: #genus_Icterus__Icterus type genus of the Icteridae
subtype: #genus_Sturnella__Sturnella a genus of passerine birds including the meadowlarks
subtype: #genus_Cacicus__Cacicus a genus of tropical American orioles
subtype: #genus_Dolichonyx__Dolichonyx bobolinks
subtype: #genus_Quiscalus__Quiscalus grackles
subtype: #genus_Euphagus__Euphagus a genus of Icteridae
subtype: #genus_Molothrus__Molothrus cowbirds
subtype: #genus_Agelaius__Agelaius red-winged blackbirds
subtype: #genus_Oriolus__Oriolus type genus of the Oriolidae
subtype: #genus_Sphecotheres__Sphecotheres a genus of Old World orioles
subtype: #genus_Sturnus__Sturnus type genus of the Sturnidae: common starlings
subtype: #subgenus_Pastor__Pastor only the rose-colored starlings; in some classifications considered a separate genus
subtype: #genus_Acridotheres__Acridotheres mynas
subtype: #genus_Gracula__Gracula mynas
subtype: #genus_Corvus__Corvus type genus of the Corvidae: crows and ravens
subtype: #genus_Garrulus__Garrulus type genus of the Garrulinae: Old World jays
subtype: #genus_Cyanocitta__Cyanocitta New World jays
subtype: #genus_Perisoreus__Perisoreus Canada jays
subtype: #genus_Nucifraga__Nucifraga nutcrackers
subtype: #genus_Pica__Pica magpies
subtype: #genus_Cracticus__Cracticus type genus of the Cracticidae: Australian butcherbirds
subtype: #genus_Strepera__Strepera bell magpies
subtype: #genus_Gymnorhina__Gymnorhina in some classifications placed in the family Laniidae: Australian piping crows
subtype: #genus_Troglodytes__Troglodytes type genus of the Troglodytidae
subtype: #genus_Cistothorus__Cistothorus marsh wrens
subtype: #genus_Salpinctes__Salpinctes a genus of Troglodytidae
subtype: #genus_Thryothorus__Thryothorus Carolina wrens
subtype: #genus_Campylorhynchus__Campylorhynchus__Heleodytes__genus_Heleodytes alternative classifications for the cactus wrens
subtype: #genus_Mimus__Mimus type genus of the family Mimidae: mockingbirds
subtype: #genus_Melanotis__Melanotis a genus of Mimidae
subtype: #genus_Dumetella__Dumetella catbirds
subtype: #genus_Toxostoma__Toxostoma thrashers
subtype: #genus_Xenicus__Xenicus type genus for the Xenicidae
subtype: #genus_Acanthisitta__Acanthisitta a genus of Xenicidae
subtype: #genus_Certhia__Certhia type genus of the Certhiidae
subtype: #genus_Tichodroma__Tichodroma wall creepers; in some classifications placed in family Sittidae
subtype: #genus_Sitta__Sitta type genus of the Sittidae
subtype: #genus_Parus__Parus type genus of the family Paridae
subtype: #genus_Psaltriparus__Psaltriparus a genus of Paridae
subtype: #genus_Chamaea__Chamaea a genus of Paridae
subtype: #genus_Auriparus__Auriparus a genus of Paridae
subtype: #genus_Irena__Irena type genus of the Irenidae: fairy bluebirds
subtype: #genus_Hirundo__Hirundo type genus of the Hirundinidae
subtype: #genus_Iridoprocne__Iridoprocne a genus of Hirundinidae
subtype: #genus_Delichon__Delichon a genus of Hirundinidae
subtype: #genus_Riparia__Riparia a genus of Hirundinidae
subtype: #genus_Progne__Progne a genus of Hirundinidae
subtype: #genus_Artamus__Artamus type genus of the Artamidae
subtype: #genus_Piranga__Piranga a genus of Thraupidae
subtype: #genus_Lanius__Lanius type genus of the Laniidae: typical shrikes
subtype: #genus_Chlorophoneus__Chlorophoneus a genus of Malaconotinae
subtype: #genus_Ptilonorhynchus__Ptilonorhynchus type genus of the Ptilonorhynchidae
subtype: #genus_Chlamydera__Chlamydera a genus of Ptilonorhynchidae
subtype: #genus_Cinclus__Cinclus type genus of the family Cinclidae
subtype: #genus_Vireo type genus of the Vireonidae
subtype: #Bombycilla__genus_bombycilla__genusbombycilla waxwings
subtype: #genus_Accipiter__Accipiter type genus of the family Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Buteo__Buteo broad-winged soaring hawks
subtype: #genus_Pernis__Pernis a common European bird of prey; dull brown with white-streaked underparts
subtype: #genus-Milvus__Milvus a genus including the common European kits
subtype: #genus_Elanoides__Elanoides a genus of kites
subtype: #genus_Elanus__Elanus a genus of small kites of both Old and New Worlds
subtype: #genus_Circus__Circus a genus of haws comprising the harriers
subtype: #genus_Circaetus__Circaetus Harrier eagles
subtype: #genus_Falco__Falco a genus of Falconidae
subtype: #genus_Polyborus__Polyborus a genus of Falconidae
subtype: #genus_Harpia__Harpia a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Aquila__Aquila a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Haliaeetus__Haliaeetus a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Pandion__Pandion type genus of the Pandionidae
subtype: #genus_Gyps__Gyps a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Gypaetus__Gypaetus in some classifications the type genus of the family Aegypiidae
subtype: #genus_Neophron__Neophron a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Aegypius__Aegypius a genus of Accipitridae
subtype: #genus_Sagittarius__Sagittarius type family of the Sagittariidae
subtype: #genus_Cathartes__Cathartes type genus of the Cathartidae: turkey vultures
subtype: #genus_Vultur__Vultur usually restricted to the Andean condor
subtype: #genus_Gymnogyps__Gymnogyps containing solely the California condor
subtype: #genus_Coragyps__Coragyps a genus of Cathartidae
subtype: #genus_Sarcorhamphus__Sarcorhamphus usually containing only the king vulture
subtype: #genus_Athene__Athene a genus of Strigidae
subtype: #genus_Bubo__Bubo a genus of Strigidae
subtype: #genus_Strix__Strix owls lacking ear tufts
subtype: #genus_Otus__Otus a genus of Strigidae
subtype: #genus_Surnia__Surnia a genus of hawk-like owls
subtype: #genus_Asio__Asio a genus of European owls
subtype: #genus_Sceloglaux__Sceloglaux a genus of Strigidae
subtype: #genus_Tyto__Tyto type and only genus of the family Tytonidae
subtype: #genus_Gallus__Gallus common domestic birds and related forms
subtype: #genus_Meleagris__Meleagris type genus of the Meleagrididae: wild and domestic turkeys
subtype: #genus_Agriocharis__Agriocharis a genus of birds of the family Meleagrididae including the ocellated turkey
subtype: #genus_Lyrurus__Lyrurus black grouse
subtype: #genus_Lagopus__Lagopus ptarmigans
subtype: #genus_Tetrao__Tetrao type genus of the Tetraonidae: capercaillies
subtype: #genus_Canachites__Canachites spruce grouse
subtype: #genus_Centrocercus__Centrocercus sage grouse
subtype: #genus_Bonasa__Bonasa ruffed grouse
subtype: #genus_Pedioecetes__Pedioecetes sharp-tailed grouse
subtype: #genus_Tympanuchus__Tympanuchus prairie chickens
subtype: #genus_Crax__Crax type genus of the Cracidae: curassows
subtype: #genus_Penelope__Penelope a genus of guans (turkey-like arboreal birds valued as game and food birds)
subtype: #genus_Pipile__Pipile genus of large crested guans (the piping guans)
subtype: #genus_Ortalis__Ortalis chachalacas
subtype: #genus-Megapodius__Megapodius type genus of the Megapodiidae
subtype: #genus_Leipoa mallee fowl
subtype: #genus_Alectura__Alectura brush turkeys
subtype: #genus_Macrocephalon__Macrocephalon maleos
subtype: #genus_Phasianus__Phasianus type genus of the Phasianidae: the typical pheasants
subtype: #genus_Afropavo Congo peafowl
subtype: #genus_Argusianus__Argusianus argus pheasants
subtype: #genus_Chrysolophus__Chrysolophus golden pheasants
subtype: #genus_Colinus__Colinus New World quail: the bobwhites
subtype: #genus_Coturnix__Coturnix Old World quail
subtype: #genus_Lophophorus__Lophophorus monals
subtype: #genus_Odontophorus__Odontophorus genus of Central and South American crested partridges resembling quails; sometimes placed in a distinct subfamily or isolated in a distinct family
subtype: #genus_Pavo__Pavo peafowl
subtype: #genus_Lofortyx__Lofortyx California quail
subtype: #genus_Tragopan a genus of Phasianidae
subtype: #genus_Perdix__Perdix a genus of Perdicinae
subtype: #genus_Alectoris__Alectoris a genus of Perdicidae
subtype: #genus_Oreortyx__Oreortyx mountain quail of western United States
subtype: #genus_Numida__Numida guinea fowl
subtype: #genus_Opisthocomus__Opisthocomus type genus of the Opisthocomidae: hoatzins
subtype: #genus_Raphus__Raphus type genus of the Raphidae: dodos
subtype: #genus_Pezophaps__Pezophaps constituted by the extinct solitaire
subtype: #genus_Columba__Columba type genus of the Columbidae: typical pigeons
subtype: #genus_Streptopelia__Streptopelia turtledoves
subtype: #genus_Stictopelia__Stictopelia a genus of Columbidae
subtype: #genus_Zenaidura__Zenaidura mourning doves
subtype: #genus_Ectopistes__Ectopistes a genus of Columbidae
subtype: #genus_Pterocles__Pterocles type genus of the Pteroclididae
subtype: #genus_Syrrhaptes__Syrrhaptes a genus of Pteroclididae
subtype: #genus_Psittacus__Psittacus type genus of the Psittacidae: usually restricted to the African gray
subtype: #genus_Amazona__Amazona a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Ara__Ara macaws
subtype: #genus_Nestor__Nestor a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Kakatoe__Kakatoe__Cacatua__genus_Cacatua a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Nymphicus__Nymphicus a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Agapornis__Agapornis a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Glossopsitta__Glossopsitta a genus of Loriinae
subtype: #genus_Trichoglossus__Trichoglossus a genus of Loriinae
subtype: #genus_Conuropsis__Conuropsis a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Melopsittacus__Melopsittacus a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Psittacula__Psittacula a genus of Psittacidae
subtype: #genus_Cuculus__Cuculus type genus of the Cuculidae
subtype: #genus_Coccyzus__Coccyzus a genus of Cuculidae
subtype: #genus_Geococcyx__Geococcyx roadrunners
subtype: #genus_Crotophaga__Crotophaga ani
subtype: #genus_Centropus__Centropus a genus of Cuculidae
subtype: #genus_Musophaga__Musophaga type genus of the Musophagidae
subtype: #genus_Coracias__Coracias type genus of the Coraciidae
subtype: #genus_Alcedo__Alcedo type genus of the Alcedinidae
subtype: #genus_Ceryle__Ceryle a genus of birds of the family Alcedinidae
subtype: #genus_Dacelo__Dacelo Australasian kingfishers
subtype: #genus_Merops__Merops type genus of the Meropidae
subtype: #genus_Buceros__Buceros type genus of the family Bucerotidae
subtype: #genus_Upupa__Upupa type genus of the Upupidae
subtype: #genus_Phoeniculus__Phoeniculus type and only genus of the family Phoeniculidae
subtype: #genus_Momotus__Momotus type genus of the Momotidae
subtype: #genus_Todus__Todus type genus of the Todidae
subtype: #genus_Apus__Apus type genus
subtype: #genus_Chateura__Chateura a genus of Apodidae
subtype: #genus_Collocalia__Collocalia a genus of Apodidae
subtype: #genus_Archilochus__Archilochus a genus of Trochilidae
subtype: #genus_Chalcostigma__Chalcostigma thornbills
subtype: #genus_Ramphomicron__Ramphomicron thornbills
subtype: #genus_Caprimulgus__Caprimulgus type genus of the Caprimulgidae
subtype: #genus_Chordeiles__Chordeiles a genus of Caprimulgidae
subtype: #genus_Phalaenoptilus__Phalaenoptilus a genus of Caprimulgidae
subtype: #genus_Podargus__Podargus type genus of the Podargidae
subtype: #genus_Steatornis__Steatornis type and sole genus of the family Steatornithidae
subtype: #genus_Picus__Picus type genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Picoides__Picoides a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Colaptes__Colaptes a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Campephilus__Campephilus a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Melanerpes__Melanerpes a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Sphyrapicus__Sphyrapicus a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Jynx__Jynx wrynecks
subtype: #genus_Picumnus__Picumnus a genus of Picidae
subtype: #genus_Aulacorhyncus__Aulacorhyncus a genus of Ramphastidae
subtype: #genus_Trogon type genus of the Trogonidae
subtype: #genus_Pharomacrus__Pharomacrus a genus of Trogonidae
subtype: #genus_Anas__Anas type genus of the Anatidae: freshwater ducks
subtype: #genus_Tadorna__Tadorna sheldrakes
subtype: #genus_Oxyura__Oxyura ruddy duck
subtype: #genus_Bucephala__Bucephala buffleheads and goldeneyes
subtype: #genus_Aythya__Aythya canvasback; redhead; pochard; etc.
subtype: #genus_Aix__Aix wood duck and mandarin duck
subtype: #genus_Cairina__Cairina a genus of Anatidae
subtype: #genus_Somateria__Somateria eider ducks
subtype: #genus_Melanitta__Melanitta scoters
subtype: #genus_Clangula__Clangula a genus of ducks
subtype: #genus_Mergus__Mergus mergansers
subtype: #genus_Lophodytes__Lophodytes a genus of Merginae
subtype: #genus_Anser__Anser typical geese
subtype: #subgenus_Chen__Chen wild goose having white adult plumage
subtype: #genus_Branta__Branta wild geese
subtype: #genus_Coscoroba a genus of Anatidae
subtype: #genus_Cygnus__Cygnus a genus of Anatidae
subtype: #genus_Anhima__Anhima type genus of the Anhimidae; horned screamers
subtype: #genus_Chauna__Chauna crested screamers
subtype: #genus_Ciconia__Ciconia type genus of the Ciconiidae: European storks
subtype: #genus_Leptoptilus__Leptoptilus adjutant birds and marabous
subtype: #genus_Anastomus__Anastomus openbills
subtype: #genus_Jabiru jabirus
subtype: #genus_Ephippiorhynchus__Ephippiorhynchus saddlebills
subtype: #genus_Xenorhyncus__Xenorhyncus East Indian and Australian storks
subtype: #genus_Mycteria__Mycteria a genus of storks of the family Ciconiidae now including only the American wood ibis
subtype: #genus_Balaeniceps__Balaeniceps type genus of the Balaenicipitidae: shoebills
subtype: #genus_Ibis ibises
subtype: #genus_Threskiornis__Threskiornis type genus of the Threskiornithidae
subtype: #genus_Platalea__Platalea type genus of the Plataleidae
subtype: #genus_Ajaia__Ajaia a genus of Platalea
subtype: #genus_Ardea__Ardea type genus of the Ardeidae: large New and Old World herons
subtype: #genus_Egretta__Egretta small Old and New World herons
subtype: #genus_Casmerodius__Casmerodius white egrets
subtype: #genus_Bubulcus__Bubulcus small white egrets
subtype: #genus_Nycticorax__Nycticorax Old World night herons
subtype: #genus_Nyctanassa__Nyctanassa American night herons
subtype: #genus_Cochlearius__Cochlearius__cochleariu boatbills
subtype: #genus_Botaurus__Botaurus bitterns
subtype: #genus_Ixobrychus__Ixobrychus bitterns
subtype: #genus_Grus__Grus type genus of the Gruidae: typical cranes
subtype: #genus_Aramus__Aramus genus of large brown long-billed wading birds found in warm swampy regions of the Western Hemisphere: courlan; limpkin
subtype: #genus_Cariama__Cariama type genus of the Cariamidae comprising only the crested cariama
subtype: #genus_Chunga a genus of Cariamidae
subtype: #genus_Gallirallus__Gallirallus rails of New Zealand
subtype: #genus_Crex__Crex corncrakes
subtype: #genus_Porzana__Porzana spotted crakes
subtype: #genus_Gallinula__Gallinula gallinules
subtype: #genus_Porphyrio__Porphyrio Old World purple gallinules
subtype: #genus_Porphyrula__Porphyrula American purple gallinules
subtype: #genus_Notornis a genus of Rallidae
subtype: #genus_Fulica__Fulica coots
subtype: #genus_Otis__Otis type genus of the Otididae: European bustard
subtype: #genus_Choriotis__Choriotis Australian bustard
subtype: #genus_Turnix__Turnix type genus of the Turnicidae: button quail
subtype: #genus_Pedionomus__Pedionomus plain wanderer
subtype: #genus_Psophia__Psophia type genus of the Psophiidae: trumpeters
subtype: #genus_Charadrius__Charadrius type genus of the Charadriidae: plovers
subtype: #genus_Pluvialis__Pluvialis golden plovers
subtype: #genus_Vanellus__Vanellus Eurasian lapwings
subtype: #genus_Arenaria__Arenaria turnstones
subtype: #genus_Aphriza__Aphriza a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Actitis__Actitis a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Erolia__Erolia a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Tringa__Tringa a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Calidris__Calidris a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Crocethia__Crocethia a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Bartramia__Bartramia a genus of Scolopacidae
subtype: #genus_Philomachus__Philomachus ruffs
subtype: #genus_Heteroscelus__Heteroscelus tattlers
subtype: #genus_Catoptrophorus__Catoptrophorus willet
subtype: #genus_Scolopax__Scolopax type of the Scolopacidae: Old World woodcocks
subtype: #genus_Philohela__Philohela American woodcocks
subtype: #genus_Gallinago__Gallinago__Capella__genus_Capella snipes
subtype: #genus_Limnocryptes__Limnocryptes snipe
subtype: #genus_Limnodromus__Limnodromus dowitchers
subtype: #genus_Numenius__Numenius curlews
subtype: #genus_Limosa__Limosa godwits
subtype: #genus_Himantopus__Himantopus major one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills
subtype: #genus_Cladorhyncus__Cladorhyncus one of two genera of stilts; similar to avocets but with straight bills
subtype: #genus_Recurvirostra__Recurvirostra type genus of the Recurvirostridae: avocets
subtype: #genus_Haematopus__Haematopus oystercatchers
subtype: #genus_Phalaropus__Phalaropus type genus of the Phalaropidae: phalaropes
subtype: #genus_Lobipes__Lobipes a genus of Phalaropidae
subtype: #genus_Steganopus__Steganopus a genus of Phalaropidae
subtype: #genus_Glareola__Glareola type genus of the Glareolidae: the pratincoles
subtype: #genus_Cursorius__Cursorius coursers
subtype: #genus_Pluvianus__Pluvianus coursers
subtype: #genus_Burhinus__Burhinus type genus of the Burhinidae: stone curlews
subtype: #genus_Larus__Larus type genus of the Laridae
subtype: #genus_Pagophila__Pagophila a genus of Laridae
subtype: #genus_Rissa__Rissa a genus of Laridae
subtype: #genus_Sterna__Sterna a genus of Sterninae
subtype: #genus_Rynchops__Rynchops type genus of the Rynchopidae: skimmers
subtype: #genus_Stercorarius__Stercorarius type genus of the Stercorariidae: jaegers
subtype: #genus_Catharacta__Catharacta skuas
subtype: #genus_Alca__Alca type genus of the Alcidae comprising solely the razorbill
subtype: #genus_Plautus__Plautus a genus of Alcidae
subtype: #genus_Pinguinus__Pinguinus great auk
subtype: #genus_Cepphus__Cepphus a genus of birds including: guillemots
subtype: #genus_Uria__Uria murres
subtype: #genus_Fratercula__Fratercula puffins
subtype: #genus_Lunda__Lunda puffins
subtype: #genus_Gavia__Gavia type genus of the Gavidae: loons
subtype: #genus_Podiceps__Podiceps type genus of the Podicipedidae: grebes
subtype: #genus_Podilymbus__Podilymbus a genus of Podicipedidae
subtype: #genus_Pelecanus__Pelecanus type genus of the Pelecanidae
subtype: #genus_Fregata__Fregata type genus of the Fregatidae
subtype: #genus_Sula__Sula type genus of the Sulidae
subtype: #genus_Phalacrocorax__Phalacrocorax type genus: coextensive with the family Phalacrocoracidae
subtype: #genus_Anhinga type genus of the Anhingidae
subtype: #genus_Phaethon__Phaethon type genus of the Phaethontidae
subtype: #genus_Pygoscelis__Pygoscelis a genus of Spheniscidae
subtype: #genus_Aptenodytes__Aptenodytes large penguins
subtype: #genus_Spheniscus__Spheniscus type genus of the Spheniscidae: jackass penguins
subtype: #genus_Eudyptes__Eudyptes rock hoppers
subtype: #genus_Diomedea type of the Diomedeidae
subtype: #genus_Procellaria__Procellaria type genus of the Procellariidae
subtype: #genus_Macronectes__Macronectes giant petrels
subtype: #genus_Fulmarus__Fulmarus fulmars
subtype: #genus_Puffinus__Puffinus shearwaters
subtype: #genus_Hydrobates__Hydrobates type genus of the Hydrobatidae
subtype: #genus_Oceanites__Oceanites a genus of Hydrobatidae
subtype: #amphibian_genus__amphibiangenu any genus of amphibians
subtype: #genus_Hynerpeton__Hynerpeton earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Pennsylvania
subtype: #genus_Ichthyostega second earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Greenland
subtype: #genus_Salamandra__Salamandra type genus of the Salamandridae
subtype: #genus_Triturus__Triturus chiefly aquatic salamanders
subtype: #genus_Notophthalmus__Notophthalmus newts
subtype: #genus_Taricha__Taricha Pacific newts
subtype: #genus_Ambystoma__Ambystoma type genus of the Ambystomatidae
subtype: #genus_Cryptobranchus__Cryptobranchus type genus of the Cryptobranchidae
subtype: #genus_Megalobatrachus__Megalobatrachus giant salamanders; in some classifications included in the genus Cryptobranchus
subtype: #family_Proteidae__Proteidae mud puppies
subtype: #genus_Proteus__Proteus type genus of the Proteidae
subtype: #genus_Necturus__Necturus a genus of Proteidae
subtype: #genus_Dicamptodon type genus of the Dicamptodontidae
subtype: #genus_Rhyacotriton__Rhyacotriton olympic salamanders
subtype: #genus_Plethodon__Plethodon type genus of the Plethodontidae
subtype: #genus_Desmograthus__Desmograthus an amphibian genus of Plethodontidae
subtype: #genus_Aneides__Aneides climbing salamanders
subtype: #genus_Batrachoseps__Batrachoseps slender salamanders
subtype: #genus_Hydromantes__Hydromantes web-toed salamanders
subtype: #genus_Amphiuma congo snakes
subtype: #genus_Siren a genus of Sirenidae
subtype: #genus_Rana__Rana type genus of the Ranidae
subtype: #genus_Eleutherodactylus__Eleutherodactylus completely terrestrial robber frogs
subtype: #genus_Hylactophryne__Hylactophryne barking frogs
subtype: #genus_Leptodactylus__Leptodactylus type genus of the Leptodactylidae; in some classifications placed in the family Bufonidae
subtype: #genus_Polypedates__Polypedates type genus of the Polypedatidae
subtype: #genus_Ascaphus__Ascaphus type genus of the Ascaphidae; in some classifications included in the family Leiopelmatidae
subtype: #genus_Leiopelma__Leiopelma__Liopelma__genus_Liopelma type and sole genus of the family Leiopelmatidae
subtype: #genus_Bufo type genus of the Bufonidae; common toads of New and Old Worlds
subtype: #genus_Alytes__Alytes midwife toads
subtype: #genus_Bombina__Bombina fire-bellied toads
subtype: #genus_Scaphiopus__Scaphiopus New World spadefoot toads
subtype: #genus_Hyla__Hyla type genus of the Hylidae; tree toads
subtype: #genus_Acris__Acris cricket frogs
subtype: #genus_Pseudacris__Pseudacris chorus frogs
subtype: #genus_Pternohyla__Pternohyla burrowing treefrogs
subtype: #genus_Gastrophryne__Gastrophryne primarily tropical narrow-mouthed toads
subtype: #genus_Hypopachus__Hypopachus sheep frogs
subtype: #genus_Pipa__Pipa type genus of the Pipidae
subtype: #genus_Xenopus__Xenopus African clawed frog; in some classifications made the type genus of a separate family Xenopodidae
subtype: #reptile_genus__reptilegenu a genus of reptiles
subtype: #genus_Chelonia__Chelonia green turtles
subtype: #genus_Caretta__Caretta loggerhead turtles
subtype: #genus_Lepidochelys__Lepidochelys ridleys
subtype: #genus_Eretmochelys__Eretmochelys hawksbills
subtype: #genus_Dermochelys__Dermochelys type genus of the Dermochelyidae: leatherback turtles
subtype: #genus_Chelydra__Chelydra snapping turtles
subtype: #genus_Macroclemys__Macroclemys alligator snapping turtles
subtype: #genus_Kinosternon__Kinosternon type genus of the Kinosternidae
subtype: #genus_Sternotherus__Sternotherus musk turtles
subtype: #genus_Malaclemys__Malaclemys American terrapins
subtype: #genus_Pseudemys__Pseudemys sliders; red-bellied terrapin
subtype: #genus_Terrapene__Terrapene box turtles
subtype: #genus_Chrysemys__Chrysemys painted turtles
subtype: #genus_Testudo__Testudo type genus of the Testudinidae
subtype: #genus_Geochelone__Geochelone giant tortoises
subtype: #genus_Gopherus__Gopherus gopher tortoises
subtype: #genus_Xerobates__Xerobates possible new genus for desert and Texas tortoises based on recent research
subtype: #genus_Trionyx__Trionyx type genus of the Trionychidae
subtype: #genus_Sphenodon__Sphenodon coextensive with the order Rhynchocephalia: tuataras
subtype: #genus_Ptychozoon__Ptychozoon flying geckos
subtype: #genus_Coleonyx__Coleonyx banded geckos
subtype: #genus_Pygopus__Pygopus type genus of the Pygopodidae; snake-shaped pleurodont lizard with no forelimbs and only rudimentary hind limbs
subtype: #genus_Iguana type genus of the Iguanidae
subtype: #genus_Amblyrhynchus__Amblyrhynchus marine iguanas
subtype: #genus_Dipsosaurus__Dipsosaurus desert iguanas
subtype: #genus_Sauromalus__Sauromalus chuckwallas
subtype: #genus_Callisaurus__Callisaurus zebra-tailed lizard
subtype: #genus_Uma__Uma fringe-toed lizard
subtype: #genus_Holbrookia__Holbrookia earless lizards
subtype: #genus_Crotaphytus__Crotaphytus collard lizards
subtype: #genus_Gambelia__Gambelia leopard lizards
subtype: #genus_Sceloporus__Sceloporus spiny lizards
subtype: #genus_Uta__Uta a reptile genus of Iguanidae
subtype: #genus_Urosaurus__Urosaurus a reptile genus of Iguanidae
subtype: #genus_Phrynosoma__Phrynosoma horned lizards
subtype: #genus_Basiliscus__Basiliscus a reptile genus of Iguanidae
subtype: #genus_Anolis__Anolis New World chameleons
subtype: #genus_Amphisbaena__Amphisbaena__Amphisbaenia__genus_Amphisbaenia type genus of the Amphisbaenidae
subtype: #genus_Scincus__Scincus type genus of Scincidae
subtype: #genus_Scincella__Scincella a reptile genus of Scincidae
subtype: #genus_Eumeces__Eumeces New World skinks
subtype: #family_Cordylidae__Cordylidae small family of spiny ovoviviparous African lizards
subtype: #genus_Cordylus__Cordylus type genus of the Cordylidae; spiny lizards somewhat resembling tiny crocodiles
subtype: #genus_Cnemidophorus__Cnemidophorus whiptails
subtype: #genus_Tupinambis__Tupinambis tejus
subtype: #genus_Agama type genus of the Agamidae
subtype: #genus_Chlamydosaurus__Chlamydosaurus frilled lizards
subtype: #genus_Draco__Draco flying dagons
subtype: #genus_Moloch genus of Australian desert lizard
subtype: #genus_Gerrhonotus__Gerrhonotus alligator lizards
subtype: #genus_Anguis__Anguis type genus of the Anguidae: blindworms
subtype: #genus_Ophisaurus__Ophisaurus glass lizards
subtype: #genus_Xenosaurus__Xenosaurus type and sole genus of Xenosauridae: slender-bodied Mexican lizards having the upper surface covered with tiny granules and tubercles
subtype: #genus_Lanthanotus__Lanthanotus 1 species
subtype: #genus_Heloderma__Heloderma type genus of the Helodermatidae; American venomous lizards
subtype: #genus_Lacerta__Lacerta type genus of the Lacertidae
subtype: #genus_Chamaeleo__Chamaeleo__genus_Chamaeleon type genus of the Chamaeleontidae
subtype: #genus_Varanus__Varanus type and sole extant genus of the Varanidae
subtype: #genus_Saurosuchus__Saurosuchus early archosaurian carnivore
subtype: #genus_Proterochampsa__Proterochampsa early archosaurian carnivore
subtype: #genus_Crocodylus__Crocodylus__Crocodilus__genus_Crocodilus type genus of the Crocodylidae
subtype: #genus_Tomistoma__Tomistoma a genus of Malayan crocodiles
subtype: #genus_Alligator type genus of the Alligatoridae
subtype: #genus_Caiman caimans
subtype: #genus_Gavialis__Gavialis type genus of the Gavialidae
subtype: #genus_Pisanosaurus primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Argentina; early Triassic
subtype: #genus_Staurikosaurus primitive ornithischian dinosaur found in Brazil
subtype: #genus_Stegosaurus quadrupedal armored herbivore of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
subtype: #genus_Ankylosaurus armored herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous
subtype: #genus_Protoceratops small horned dinosaurs
subtype: #genus_Triceratops genus of herbivorous horned dinosaurs
subtype: #genus_Styracosaurus genus of horned dinosaurs
subtype: #genus_Psittacosaurus most primitive genus of horned dinosaurs; early Cretaceous
subtype: #genus_Anatotitan genus of large duck-billed dinosaurs; late Cretaceous
subtype: #genus_Corythosaurus genus of duck-billed dinosaurs of late Cretaceous
subtype: #genus_Edmontosaurus duck-billed dinosaurs of Canada
subtype: #genus_Trachodon a reptile genus of the suborder Euronithopoda
subtype: #genus_Iguanodon type genus of the Iguanodontidae
subtype: #genus_Apatosaurus__genus_Brontosaurus large quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaurs with very long neck and tail; late Jurassic
subtype: #genus_Barosaurus huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur; late Jurassic
subtype: #genus_Diplodocus a reptile genus of the suborder Sauropoda
subtype: #genus_Titanosaurus__Titanosaurus genus of herbivorous dinosaurs flourishing during the Cretaceous in South America
subtype: #genus_Seismosaurus__Seismosaurus genus of large herbivorous dinosaurs of Cretaceous found in western North America
subtype: #genus_Ceratosaurus primitive saurischian carnivorous dinosaurs
subtype: #genus_Coelophysis late Triassic carnivorous saurischian dinosaurs
subtype: #genus_Tyrannosaurus includes a single species
subtype: #genus_Allosaurus__genus_Antrodemus carnivorous dinosaur of North America; late Jurassic
subtype: #genus_Compsognathus a reptile genus of Theropoda
subtype: #genus_Herrerasaurus primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic
subtype: #genus_Eoraptor primitive theropod found in Argentina; early Triassic
subtype: #genus_Megalosaurus type genus of the Megalosauridae
subtype: #genus_Struthiomimus small toothless saurischian dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous of Canada
subtype: #genus_Deinocheirus a reptile genus of Ornithomimida
subtype: #genus_Velociraptor advanced carnivorous theropod
subtype: #genus_Deinonychus advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur
subtype: #genus_Utahraptor advanced bipedal carnivorous dinosaur
subtype: #genus_Mononychus authorities disagree over whether to classify the genus as bird or dinosaur
subtype: #genus_Chronoperates__Chronoperates a reptile genus of Therapsida
subtype: #genus_Exaeretodon__Exaeretodon a genus of reptiles of the division Cynodontia
subtype: #genus_Ischigualastia__Ischigualastia early reptile found in Argentina
subtype: #genus_Edaphosaurus type genus of the Edaphosauridae
subtype: #genus_Dimetrodon a reptile genus of Pelycosauria
subtype: #genus_Pterodactylus__Pterodactylus a reptile genus of Pterodactylidae
subtype: #genus_Ichthyosaurus type genus of the Ichthyosauridae
subtype: #genus_Stenopterygius a reptile genus of Ichthyosauridae
subtype: #genus_Plesiosaurus a reptile genus of suborder Plesiosauria
subtype: #genus_Nothosaurus a genus of Nothosauria
subtype: #genus_Carphophis__Carphophis thunder snake
subtype: #genus_Diadophis__Diadophis a genus of reptiles of the family Colubridae including ringneck snakes
subtype: #genus_Heterodon__Heterodon a genus of small colubrid snakes containing the North American hognose snakes
subtype: #genus_Phyllorhynchus__Phyllorhynchus leaf-nosed snakes
subtype: #genus_Opheodrys__Opheodrys North American green snakes
subtype: #genus_Chlorophis__Chlorophis African green snakes
subtype: #genus_Coluber__Coluber racers
subtype: #genus_Masticophis__Masticophis whipsnakes
subtype: #genus_Elaphe__Elaphe North American rat snakes
subtype: #genus_Ptyas__Ptyas Asian rat snakes
subtype: #genus_Arizona__Arizona glossy snake
subtype: #genus_Pituophis__Pituophis bull snakes
subtype: #genus_Lampropeltis__Lampropeltis king snakes and milk snakes
subtype: #genus_Thamnophis__Thamnophis garter snakes
subtype: #genus_Tropidoclonion__Tropidoclonion lined snakes
subtype: #genus_Sonora__Sonora ground snakes
subtype: #genus_Potamophis__Potamophis ground snakes
subtype: #genus_Haldea__Haldea ground snakes
subtype: #genus_Natrix__Natrix water snakes; a cosmopolitan genus
subtype: #genus_Nerodia__Nerodia North American water snakes
subtype: #genus_Storeria__Storeria a genus of Colubridae
subtype: #genus_Chilomeniscus__Chilomeniscus sand snakes
subtype: #genus_Tantilla__Tantilla black-headed snakes
subtype: #genus_Oxybelis__Oxybelis vine snakes
subtype: #genus_Trimorphodon__Trimorphodon lyre snakes
subtype: #genus_Hypsiglena__Hypsiglena night snakes
subtype: #genus_Leptotyphlops__Leptotyphlops blind snakes of Asia and Africa and Americas
subtype: #genus_Drymarchon__Drymarchon a genus of Colubridae
subtype: #genus_Charina__Charina boas of western North America
subtype: #genus_Lichanura__Lichanura boas of western North America
subtype: #genus_Eunectes__Eunectes anacondas
subtype: #genus_Python Old World boas
subtype: #genus_Micrurus__Micrurus coral snakes
subtype: #genus_Micruroides__Micruroides coral snakes
subtype: #genus_Calliophis__Calliophis__Callophis__genus_Callophis Asian coral snakes
subtype: #genus_Aspidelaps__Aspidelaps African coral snakes
subtype: #genus_Rhynchoelaps__Rhynchoelaps Australian coral snakes
subtype: #genus_Denisonia__Denisonia copperheads
subtype: #genus_Naja__Naja cobras
subtype: #genus_Ophiophagus__Ophiophagus king cobra
subtype: #genus_Hemachatus__Hemachatus ringhals
subtype: #genus_Dendroaspis__Dendroaspis__Dendraspis__genus_Dendraspis mambas
subtype: #genus_Acanthophis__Acanthophis Australian elapid snakes
subtype: #genus_Notechis__Notechis tiger snakes
subtype: #genus_Pseudechis__Pseudechis venomous Australian blacksnakes
subtype: #genus_Bungarus__Bungarus kraits
subtype: #genus_Oxyuranus__Oxyuranus taipans
subtype: #genus_Vipera__Vipera type genus of the Viperidae
subtype: #genus_Bitis__Bitis a genus of Viperidae
subtype: #genus_Cerastes__Aspis__genus_Aspis horned vipers
subtype: #genus_Agkistrodon__Agkistrodon__Ancistrodon__genus_Ancistrodon copperheads
subtype: #genus_Crotalus__Crotalus large rattlesnakes; seldom bite unless startled or pursuing prey
subtype: #genus_Sistrurus__Sistrurus pygmy rattlesnakes
subtype: #genus_Bothrops__Bothrops fer-de-lance
subtype: #arthropod_genus a genus of arthropods
subtype: #genus_Phalangium__Phalangium type genus of the family Phalangiidae
subtype: #genus_Chelifer__Chelifer a genus of Chelonethida
subtype: #genus_Mastigoproctus__Mastigoproctus giant whip scorpions
subtype: #genus_Argiope__Argiope the type genus of Argiopidae; small genus of orb-weaving spiders
subtype: #genus_Aranea__Aranea__Araneus__araneu__genus_Araneus a genus of orb-weaving spiders including common garden spiders and barn spiders
subtype: #genus_Latrodectus__Latrodectus venomous spiders
subtype: #genus_Lycosa__Lycosa type genus of the family Lycosidae
subtype: #genus_Ixodes__Ixodes type genus of the family Ixodidae
subtype: #genus_Dermacentor__Dermacentor vectors of important diseases of man and animals
subtype: #genus_Trombicula__Trombicula type genus of the family Trombiculidae
subtype: #genus_Sarcoptes__Sarcoptes type genus of the family Sarcoptidae: itch mites
subtype: #genus_Panonychus__Panonychus a genus of Tetranychidae
subtype: #genus_Scutigerella__Scutigerella garden centipedes
subtype: #genus_Scutigera__Scutigera a genus of Scutigeridae
subtype: #genus_Geophilus__Geophilus type genus of the Geophilidae: cosmopolitan genus of centipedes sometimes called earwigs
subtype: #genus_Limulus__Limulus type genus of the family Limulidae
subtype: #genus_Tachypleus__Tachypleus a genus of Limulidae
subtype: #genus_Architeuthis giant squid
subtype: #genus_Menippe__Menippe stone crabs
subtype: #genus_Cancer__Cancer type genus of the family Cancridae
subtype: #genus_Portunus__Portunus type genus of the family Portunidae
subtype: #genus_Ovalipes__Ovalipes a genus of Portunidae
subtype: #genus_Callinectes__Callinectes New World blue crabs
subtype: #genus_Uca__Uca fiddler crabs
subtype: #genus_Pinnotheres__Pinnotheres type genus of the family Pinnotheridae: pea crabs
subtype: #genus_Paralithodes__Paralithodes a genus of Lithodidae
subtype: #genus_Maja__Maja__Maia__genus_Maia type genus of the Majidae; nearly cosmopolitan
subtype: #genus_Macrocheira__Macrocheira giant crabs of Japan
subtype: #genus_Homarus__Homarus type genus of the family Homaridae: common edible lobsters
subtype: #genus_Nephrops__Nephrops a genus of Nephropsidae
subtype: #genus_Palinurus__Palinurus type genus of the family Palinuridae
subtype: #genus_Astacus__Astacus type genus of the family Astacidae; Old World crayfish
subtype: #genus_Cambarus__Cambarus a genus of Astacidae
subtype: #genus_Pagurus__Pagurus type genus of the family Paguridae
subtype: #genus_Crangon__Crangon type genus of the family Crangonidae
subtype: #genus_Palaemon__Palaemon type genus of the family Palaemonidae; widely distributed genus
subtype: #genus_Peneus__Peneus type genus of the family Peneidae
subtype: #genus_Mysis__Mysis type genus of the family Mysidae
subtype: #genus_Praunus__Praunus a genus of Mysidae
subtype: #genus_Squilla type genus of the family Squillidae
subtype: #genus_Armadillidium__Armadillidium type genus of the Armadillidiidae
subtype: #genus_Oniscus__Oniscus type genus of the Oniscidae; woodlice that cannot roll into a ball
subtype: #genus_Porcellio__Porcellio Old World genus of isopod crustaceans
subtype: #genus_Orchestia__Orchestia type genus of the family Orchestiidae
subtype: #genus_Caprella__Caprella skeleton shrimp
subtype: #genus_Cyamus__Cyamus whale lice
subtype: #genus_Daphnia water fleas
subtype: #genus_Artemia__Artemia__Chirocephalus__genus_Chirocephalus fairy shrimp; brine shrimp
subtype: #genus_Triops__Triops type genus of the family Triopidae: small crustaceans with a small third median eye
subtype: #genus_Cyclops copepod water fleas
subtype: #genus_Balanus__Balanus type genus of the family Balanidae
subtype: #genus_Lepas__Lepas type genus of the family Lepadidae
subtype: #genus_Peripatus type genus of Peripatidae; onychophorans of chiefly New World tropical regions
subtype: #genus_Plicatoperipatus__Plicatoperipatus a genus of Peripatidae
subtype: #genus_Peripatopsis__Peripatopsis type genus of Peripatopsidae; onychophorans of chiefly Asiatic and African tropical regions
subtype: #genus_Adalia__Adalia genus of ladybugs
subtype: #genus_Epilachna__Epilachna genus of ladybugs native to Mexico and Central America; both larvae and adults feed on plants
subtype: #genus_Hippodamia__Hippodamia genus of ladybugs
subtype: #genus_Rodolia__Rodolia__genus_Vedalia genus of Australian ladybugs
subtype: #genus_Brachinus__Brachinus bombardier beetles
subtype: #genus_Calosoma genus of large predaceous ground beetles that feed on injurious caterpillars
subtype: #genus_Monochamus__Monochamus sawyer beetles
subtype: #genus_Leptinotarsa__Leptinotarsa Colorado potato beetles
subtype: #genus_Scarabaeus type genus of the Scarabaeidae
subtype: #genus_Popillia__Popillia a genus of Scarabaeidae
subtype: #genus_Anomala__Anomala genus of beetles whose grubs feed mainly on roots of plants; includes several pests of cultivated grasses
subtype: #genus_Melolontha__Melolontha a genus of Melolonthidae
subtype: #genus_Macrodactylus__Macrodactylus a genus of Melolonthidae
subtype: #genus_Cetonia__Cetonia a genus of Cetoniidae
subtype: #genus_Pyrophorus__Pyrophorus tropical click beetles
subtype: #genus_Anthonomus__Anthonomus weevils destructive of cultivated plants
subtype: #genus_Scolytus__Scolytus type genus of the Scolytidae comprising numerous small bark beetles
subtype: #genus_Dendroctonus__Dendroctonus genus of small bark beetles destructive especially to mature conifers
subtype: #genus_Tribolium__Tribolium flour beetles
subtype: #genus_Bruchus__Bruchus type genus of the Bruchidae
subtype: #genus_Acanthoscelides__Acanthoscelides a genus of Bruchidae
subtype: #genus_Sitophylus__Sitophylus a genus of Bruchidae
subtype: #genus_Pediculus__Pediculus type genus of Pediculidae: true lice infecting humans
subtype: #genus_Phthirius__Phthirius__Phthirus__genus_Phthirus true lice: crab lice
subtype: #genus_Menopon__Menopon chicken lice
subtype: #genus_Pulex__Pulex type genus of the Pulicidae
subtype: #genus_Ctenocephalides__Ctenocephalides an arthropod genus of fleas
subtype: #genus_Ctenocephalus__Ctenocephalus a former usage synonymous with Ctenocephalides
subtype: #genus_Tunga__Tunga a genus of Siphonaptera
subtype: #genus_Echidnophaga__Echidnophaga a genus of Siphonaptera
subtype: #genus_Mayetiola__Mayetiola a genus of Cecidomyidae
subtype: #genus_Musca__Musca type genus of the Muscidae: houseflies
subtype: #genus_Glossina type genus of the Glossinidae: tsetse flies
subtype: #genus_Calliphora__Calliphora type genus of the Calliphoridae: blowflies
subtype: #genus_Lucilia__Lucilia greenbottle flies
subtype: #genus_Sarcophaga__Sarcophaga flesh flies
subtype: #genus_Gasterophilus__Gasterophilus type genus of the Gasterophilidae: horse botflies
subtype: #genus_Cuterebra__Cuterebra type genus of the Cuterebridae
subtype: #genus_Dermatobia__Dermatobia larvae live under the skin of domestic mammals and humans
subtype: #genus_Oestrus__Oestrus type genus of the Oestridae: sheep botflies
subtype: #genus_Hypoderma__Hypoderma in some classifications considered the type genus of the family Hypodermatidae: warble flies
subtype: #genus_Rhagoletis__Rhagoletis a genus of Trypetidae
subtype: #genus_Ceratitis__Ceratitis Mediterranean fruit flies
subtype: #genus_Drosophila a genus of Drosophilidae
subtype: #genus_Philophylla__Philophylla leaf miners
subtype: #genus_Hippobosca__Hippobosca type genus of the Hippoboscidae
subtype: #genus_Melophagus__Melophagus an arthropod genus of wingless flies including the sheep ked
subtype: #genus_Haematobia__Haematobia European genus of bloodsucking flies
subtype: #genus_Aedes__Aedes yellow-fever mosquitos
subtype: #genus_Anopheles__Anopheles malaria mosquitoes; distinguished by the adult's head-downward stance and absence of breathing tubes in the larvae
subtype: #genus_Culex__Culex type genus of the Culicidae: widespread genus of mosquitoes distinguished by holding the body parallel to the resting surface
subtype: #genus_Ceratopogon__Ceratopogon type genus of the Ceratopogonidae
subtype: #genus_Chironomus__Chironomus type genus of the Chironomidae
subtype: #genus_Phlebotomus__Phlebotomus small blood-sucking sand flies that resemble moths
subtype: #genus_Sciara type genus of the Sciaridae: fungus gnat
subtype: #genus_Simulium__Simulium type genus of the Simuliidae: blackflies
subtype: #genus_Apis__Apis type genus of the Apidae: honeybees
subtype: #genus_Xylocopa__Xylocopa carpenter bees
subtype: #genus_Bombus__Bombus bumblebees
subtype: #genus_Psithyrus__Psithyrus a large bee that resembles the bumblebee but lacks pollen-collecting apparatus and a worker caste
subtype: #genus_Andrena a solitary burrowing short-tongued bee
subtype: #nomia__genusnomia a genus of bee; some are important pollinators of legumes
subtype: #genus_Megachile__Megachile type genus of the Megachilidae: leaf-cutting bees
subtype: #genus_Anthidium__Anthidium potter bees
subtype: #genus_Vespa__Vespa type genus of the Vespidae: various hornets and yellow jackets
subtype: #genus_Vespula__Vespula sometimes considered a subgenus of Vespa: social wasps
subtype: #genus_Polistes__Polistes a genus of Vespidae
subtype: #genus_Eumenes__Eumenes mason wasps
subtype: #genus_Sceliphron__Sceliphron mud daubers
subtype: #genus_Sphecius__Sphecius large solitary wasps: cicada killer
subtype: #genus_Cynips__Cynips type genus of the Cynipidae: gall wasps
subtype: #genus_Amphibolips__Amphibolips cynipid gall wasps, especially causing oak-apple galls
subtype: #genus_Andricus__Andricus cynipid gall wasps, chiefly affecting oaks
subtype: #genus_Chalcis__Chalcis type genus of the Chalcididae
subtype: #genus-Fenusa__Fenusa birch leaf miner
subtype: #genus_Monomorium__Monomorium a genus of Formicidae
subtype: #genus_Camponotus__Camponotus carpenter ants
subtype: #genus_Solenopsis__Solenopsis fire ants
subtype: #genus_Formica__Formica type genus of the Formicidae
subtype: #genus_Myrmecia__Myrmecia bulldog ants
subtype: #genus_Polyergus__Polyergus Amazon ants
subtype: #genus_Termes__Termes type genus of the Termitidae
subtype: #genus_Reticulitermes__Reticulitermes includes species highly destructive to structures and living trees
subtype: #genus_Mastotermes__Mastotermes primitive genus of termites; mostly extinct; sometimes considered the most primitive Isoptera
subtype: #genus_Kalotermes__Kalotermes type genus of Kalotermitidae; termites destructive of wood and living trees
subtype: #genus_Cryptotermes__Cryptotermes genus of dry wood termites; cosmopolitan; sometimes considered a subgenus of Kalotermes
subtype: #genus_Locusta__Locusta a genus of Acrididae
subtype: #genus_Melanoplus__Melanoplus New World migratory locusts and common American grasshoppers
subtype: #genus_Microcentrum__Microcentrum katydids
subtype: #genus_Anabrus__Anabrus a genus of Tettigoniidae
subtype: #genus_Stenopelmatus__Stenopelmatus sand crickets
subtype: #genus_Acheta__Acheta common house and field crickets
subtype: #genus_Oecanthus__Oecanthus tree crickets
subtype: #genus_Diapheromera a genus of Phasmidae
subtype: #genus_Phyllium__Phyllium type genus of the Phyllidae
subtype: #genus_Blatta__Blatta type genus of the Blattidae: cockroaches infesting buildings worldwide
subtype: #genus_Periplaneta__Periplaneta cosmopolitan genus of large cockroaches
subtype: #genus_Blattella__Blattella small cockroaches
subtype: #genus_Blaberus__Blaberus giant cockroaches
subtype: #genus_Cryptocercus__Cryptocercus cockroaches
subtype: #genus_Mantis type genus of the Mantidae: mantises
subtype: #genus_Poecilocapsus__Poecilocapsus a genus of Miridae
subtype: #genus_Lygus__Lygus plant-sucking bugs
subtype: #genus_Blissus__Blissus chinch bugs
subtype: #genus_Anasa__Anasa squash bugs
subtype: #genus_Leptoglossus__Leptoglossus leaf-footed bugs
subtype: #genus_Cimex__Cimex type genus of the Cimicidae: bedbugs
subtype: #genus_Notonecta__Notonecta type genus of the Notonectidae: backswimmers
subtype: #genus_Nepa__Nepa type genus of the Nepidae: typical elongate-oval water scorpions
subtype: #genus_Ranatra__Ranatra elongate very slender water scorpions
subtype: #genus_Corixa__Corixa type genus of the Corixidae: boat bugs
subtype: #genus_Gerris__Gerris type genus of the Gerrididae
subtype: #genus_Triatoma__Triatoma conenoses
subtype: #genus_Arilus__Arilus a genus of Reduviidae
subtype: #genus_Dysdercus__Dysdercus a genus of slender long-legged bugs that feed on the developing seeds of cotton and stain it
subtype: #genus_Aleyrodes__Aleyrodes type genus of the Aleyrodidae
subtype: #genus_Dialeurodes__Dialeurodes a genus of Aleyrodidae
subtype: #genus_Trialeurodes__Trialeurodes a genus of Aleyrodidae
subtype: #genus_Bemisia__Bemisia sweet-potato whitefly
subtype: #genus_Coccus type genus of the Coccidae
subtype: #genus_Aspidiotus__Aspidiotus a genus of Diaspididae
subtype: #genus_Dactylopius__Dactylopius type genus of the Dactylopiidae
subtype: #genus_Pseudococcus__Pseudococcus type genus of the Pseudococcidae
subtype: #genus_Planococcus__Planococcus a genus of Pseudococcidae
subtype: #genus_Aphis__Aphis type genus of the Aphididae: injurious to fruit trees and vegetables
subtype: #genus_Eriosoma__Eriosoma woolly aphids
subtype: #genus_Prociphilus__Prociphilus a genus of Aphididae
subtype: #genus_Adelges__Adelges type genus of the Adelgidae: plant lice
subtype: #genus_Pineus__Pineus a genus of Adelgidae
subtype: #genus_Phylloxera__Phylloxera type genus of the Phylloxeridae: plant lice
subtype: #genus_Cicada type genus of the Cicadidae: cicadas
subtype: #genus_Tibicen__Tibicen harvest flies
subtype: #genus_Magicicada__Magicicada seventeen-year locust
subtype: #genus_Philaenus__Philaenus a genus of Cercopidae
subtype: #genus_Aphrophora__Aphrophora a genus of Cercopidae
subtype: #genus_Liposcelis__Liposcelis a genus of Psocidae
subtype: #genus_Trogium__Trogium a genus of Psocidae
subtype: #genus_Myrmeleon__Myrmeleon type genus of the Myrmeleontidae: antlions
subtype: #genus_Corydalus__Corydalus__Corydalis__genus_Corydalis type genus of the Corydalidae
subtype: #genus_Sialis__Sialis type genus of the Sialidae
subtype: #genus_Lepisma__Lepisma type genus of the Lepismatidae: silverfish
subtype: #genus_Thermobia__Thermobia a genus of Lepismatidae
subtype: #genus_Frankliniella__Frankliniella tobacco thrips
subtype: #genus_Thrips type genus of the Thripidae
subtype: #genus_Forficula__Forficula type genus of Forficulidae
subtype: #genus_Nymphalis__Nymphalis type genus of the Nymphalidae: mourning cloak butterflies
subtype: #genus_Vanessa__Vanessa painted beauty and red admiral
subtype: #genus_Limenitis__Limenitis mainly dark northern butterflies with white wing bars
subtype: #genus_Polygonia__Polygonia comma butterflies
subtype: #genus_Spyeria__Spyeria fritillaries
subtype: #genus_Argynnis__Argynnis fritillaries
subtype: #genus_Apatura__Apatura large Old World butterflies
subtype: #genus_Inachis__Inachis a genus of Nymphalidae
subtype: #genus_Danaus__Danaus type genus of the Danaidae: monarch butterflies
subtype: #genus_Pieris__Pieris type genus of the Pieridae
subtype: #genus_Lycaena__Lycaena type genus of the Lycaenidae; small slender butterflies with upper surface of wings usually metallic blue or green or copper
subtype: #genus_Strymon__Strymon large and widely distributed genus of hairstreak butterflies
subtype: #genus_Tortrix type genus of the Tortricidae
subtype: #genus_Homona__Homona tea tortrix
subtype: #genus_Argyrotaenia__Argyrotaenia orange tortrix
subtype: #genus_Carpocapsa__Carpocapsa codling moths
subtype: #genus_Lymantria__Lymantria type genus of the Lymantriidae; a pest (Lymantria means `destroyer')
subtype: #genus_Euproctis__Euproctis a genus of Lymantriidae
subtype: #genus_Paleacrita__Paleacrita geometrid moths
subtype: #genus_Alsophila__Alsophila geometrid moths
subtype: #genus_Pyralis__Pyralis type genus of the Pyralidae
subtype: #genus_Galleria__Galleria a genus of Pyralidae
subtype: #genus_Pyrausta__Pyrausta moths whose larvae are corn borers
subtype: #genus_Anagasta__Anagasta moth whose larvae are flour moths
subtype: #genus_Ephestia__Ephestia small moths whose larvae spin silken tunnels and feed on stored food products
subtype: #genus_Cadra__Cadra a genus of Pyralidae
subtype: #genus_Tinea__Tinea type genus of the Tineidae: clothes moths
subtype: #genus_Tineola__Tineola webbing clothes moths
subtype: #genus_Trichophaga__Trichophaga carpet moths
subtype: #genus_Gelechia__Gelechia type genus of the Gelechiidae: pink bollworms
subtype: #genus_Sitotroga__Sitotroga grain moths
subtype: #genus_Phthorimaea__Phthorimaea potato moths
subtype: #genus_Noctua__Noctua type genus of the Noctuidae: moths whose larvae are cutworms
subtype: #genus_Catacala__Catacala moths whose larvae are cutworms: underwings
subtype: #genus_Cerapteryx__Cerapteryx antler moths
subtype: #genus_Heliothis__Heliothis a genus of Noctuidae
subtype: #genus_Chorizagrotis__Chorizagrotis moths whose larvae are army cutworms
subtype: #genus_Pseudaletia__Pseudaletia moths whose larvae are armyworms
subtype: #genus_Spodoptera__Spodoptera moths whose larvae are armyworms
subtype: #genus_Manduca__Manduca moths whose larvae are tobacco hornworms or tomato hornworms
subtype: #genus_Acherontia__Acherontia death's-head moth
subtype: #genus_Bombyx__Bombyx type genus of the Bombycidae: Chinese silkworm moth
subtype: #genus_Saturnia__Saturnia type genus of the Saturniidae: emperor moth
subtype: #genus_Eacles__Eacles imperial moths
subtype: #genus_Actias__Actias luna moths
subtype: #genus_Hyalophora__Hyalophora American silkworm moth
subtype: #genus_Samia__Samia silkworm moths
subtype: #genus_Automeris__Automeris io moth
subtype: #genus_Antheraea__Antheraea large moths whose larvae produce silk of high quality
subtype: #genus_Atticus__Atticus atlas moth
subtype: #genus_Callimorpha__Callimorpha cinnabar moths
subtype: #genus_Lasiocampa__Lasiocampa type genus of the Lasiocampidae: eggars
subtype: #genus_Malacosoma__Malacosoma tent caterpillars
subtype: #genus_Hyphantria__Hyphantria fall webworms
subtype: #genus_Loxostege__Loxostege garden webworms
subtype: #mammal_genus a genus of mammals
subtype: #genus_Tachyglossus__Tachyglossus type genus of the family Tachyglossidae
subtype: #genus_Zaglossus__Zaglossus a genus of Tachyglossidae
subtype: #genus_Ornithorhynchus__Ornithorhynchus type genus of the family Ornithorhynchidae
subtype: #genus_Didelphis__Didelphis type genus of the family Didelphidae
subtype: #genus_Caenolestes__Caenolestes type genus of the family Caenolestidae
subtype: #genus_Macrotis__Macrotis a genus of Peramelidae
subtype: #genus_Macropus__Macropus type genus of the family Macropodidae: typical kangaroos and wallabies
subtype: #genus_Lagorchestes__Lagorchestes hare wallabies
subtype: #genus_Onychogalea__Onychogalea a genus of Macropodidae
subtype: #genus_Petrogale__Petrogale rock wallabies
subtype: #genus_Thylogale__Thylogale pademelons
subtype: #genus_Dendrolagus__Dendrolagus tree wallabies
subtype: #genus_Hypsiprymnodon__Hypsiprymnodon musk kangaroos
subtype: #genus_Potorous__Potorous potoroos
subtype: #genus_Bettongia__Bettongia jerboa kangaroo
subtype: #genus_Phalanger type genus of the family Phalangeridae: cuscuses
subtype: #genus_Trichosurus__Trichosurus a genus of Phalangeridae
subtype: #genus_Petaurus__Petaurus a genus of Phalangeridae
subtype: #genus_Acrobates__Acrobates a genus of Phalangeridae
subtype: #genus_Phascolarctos__Phascolarctos koalas
subtype: #genus_Dasyurus__Dasyurus type genus of the family Dasyuridae: native cats
subtype: #genus_Thylacinus__Thylacinus Tasmanian wolf
subtype: #genus_Sarcophilus__Sarcophilus Tasmanian devil
subtype: #genus_Phascogale__Phascogale pouched mice
subtype: #genus_Myrmecobius__Myrmecobius banded anteater
subtype: #genus_Notoryctus__Notoryctus type genus of the family Notoryctidae: comprising solely the marsupial mole
subtype: #genus_Condylura__Condylura star-nosed moles
subtype: #genus_Parascalops__Parascalops brewer's moles
subtype: #genus_Chrysochloris__Chrysochloris type genus of the Chrysochloridae
subtype: #genus_Uropsilus__Uropsilus shrew moles
subtype: #genus_Neurotrichus__Neurotrichus shrew moles
subtype: #genus_Sorex__Sorex type genus of the family Soricidae: shrews
subtype: #genus_Blarina__Blarina shrews
subtype: #genus_Neomys__Neomys a genus of Soricidae
subtype: #genus_Cryptotis__Cryptotis least shrews
subtype: #genus_Erinaceus__Erinaceus type genus of the family Erinaceidae: hedgehogs
subtype: #genus_Tenrec type genus of the family Tenrecidae: tenrecs
subtype: #genus_Potamogale type genus of the family Potamogalidae: otter shrews
subtype: #genus_Balaena__Balaena type genus of the Balaenidae: Greenland whales
subtype: #genus_Balaenoptera__Balaenoptera type genus of the Balaenopteridae
subtype: #genus_Megaptera__Megaptera humpback whales
subtype: #genus_Eschrichtius__Eschrichtius type and sole genus of the Eschrichtiidae
subtype: #genus_Physeter__Physeter type genus of the Physeteridae
subtype: #genus_Kogia__Kogia pygmy sperm whales
subtype: #genus_Hyperoodon__Hyperoodon bottle-nosed whales
subtype: #genus_Delphinus__Delphinus type genus of the Delphinidae
subtype: #genus_Tursiops__Tursiops a genus of Delphinidae
subtype: #genus_Phocaena__Phocaena porpoises
subtype: #genus_Grampus grampus
subtype: #genus_Orcinus__Orcinus killer whales
subtype: #genus_Globicephala__Globicephala pilot whales
subtype: #genus_Monodon__Monodon type genus of the Monodontidae
subtype: #genus_Delphinapterus__Delphinapterus white whale
subtype: #Trichechus__genus_Trichecus type and sole genus of the Trichechidae
subtype: #genus_Dugong type genus of the Dugongidae comprising only the dugongs
subtype: #genus_Hydrodamalis__Hydrodamalis a genus of the family Dugongidae comprising only Steller's sea cow
subtype: #genus_Arctocephalus__Arctocephalus fur seals
subtype: #genus_Callorhinus__Callorhinus fur seals
subtype: #genus_Otaria__Otaria type genus of the Otariidae
subtype: #genus_Zalophus__Zalophus sea lions
subtype: #genus_Eumetopias__Eumetopias sea lions
subtype: #genus_Phoca__Phoca type genus of the Phocidae: earless seals
subtype: #genus_Pagophilus__Pagophilus harp seals
subtype: #genus_Mirounga__Mirounga elephant seals
subtype: #genus_Erignathus__Erignathus bearded seals
subtype: #genus_Cystophora__Cystophora hooded seals
subtype: #genus_Odobenus__Odobenus type genus of the Odobenidae: walruses
subtype: #genus_Orycteropus__Orycteropus coextensive with the family Orycteropodidae
subtype: #genus_Canis__Canis type genus of the Canidae: domestic and wild dogs; wolves; jackals
subtype: #genus_Cuon__Cuon__Cyon__genus_Cyon Asiatic wild dog
subtype: #genus_Dusicyon__Dusicyon crab-eating dog
subtype: #genus_Nyctereutes__Nyctereutes raccoon dogs
subtype: #genus_Lycaeon__Lycaeon African hunting dog
subtype: #genus_Hyaena type genus of the Hyaenidae
subtype: #genus_Crocuta__Crocuta a genus of Hyaenidae
subtype: #genus_Proteles__Proteles aardwolf
subtype: #genus_Vulpes__Vulpes foxes
subtype: #genus_Alopex__Alopex arctic foxes
subtype: #genus_Urocyon__Urocyon gray foxes
subtype: #genus_Felis__Felis type genus of the Felidae: true cats and most wildcats
subtype: #genus_Lynx lynxes
subtype: #genus_Panthera__Panthera lions; leopards; snow leopards; jaguars; tigers; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers
subtype: #genus_Acinonyx__Acinonyx cheetahs
subtype: #genus_Smiledon__Smiledon saber-toothed tigers
subtype: #genus_Nimravus__Nimravus false sabertoothed tigers
subtype: #genus_Ursus__Ursus type genus of Ursidae: brown bears; in some classifications genus Ursus includes all bears
subtype: #genus_Euarctos__Euarctos American black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
subtype: #genus_Selenarctos__Selenarctos Asiatic black bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
subtype: #genus_Thalarctos__Thalarctos polar bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
subtype: #genus_Melursus__Melursus sloth bears; in some classifications not a separate genus from Ursus
subtype: #genus_Viverra__Viverra type genus of the family Viverridae
subtype: #genus_Viverricula__Viverricula a genus of Viverridae
subtype: #genus_Arctictis__Arctictis binturongs
subtype: #genus_Fossa__Fossa monotypic genus of Madagascar civets closely related to palm civets
subtype: #genus_Genetta__Genetta genets
subtype: #genus_Hemigalus__Hemigalus banded palm civets
subtype: #genus_Herpestes__Herpestes mongooses
subtype: #genus_Paradoxurus__Paradoxurus palm civets
subtype: #genus_Suricata__Suricata meerkats
subtype: #genus_Pteropus__Pteropus a genus of Megachiroptera
subtype: #genus_Nyctimene__Nyctimene East Indian fruit bats
subtype: #genus_Cynopterus__Cynopterus a genus of Megachiroptera
subtype: #genus_Macrotus leafnose bats
subtype: #genus_Phyllostomus__Phyllostomus type genus of the family Phyllostomatidae
subtype: #genus_Choeronycteris__Choeronycteris a genus of Phyllostomatidae
subtype: #genus_Hipposideros__Hipposideros horseshoe bats
subtype: #genus_Rhinonicteris__Rhinonicteris orange horseshoe bats
subtype: #genus_Megaderma__Megaderma type genus of the Megadermatidae
subtype: #genus_Vespertilio__Vespertilio a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Lasiurus__Lasiurus a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Myotis__Myotis largest and most widely distributed genus of bats
subtype: #genus_Eptesicus__Eptesicus a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Antrozous__Antrozous a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Pipistrellus__Pipistrellus nearly cosmopolitan genus of very small bats
subtype: #genus_Euderma__Euderma a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Plecotus__Plecotus a genus of Vespertilionidae
subtype: #genus_Tadarida__Tadarida freetail bats
subtype: #genus_Eumops__Eumops mastiff bats
subtype: #genus_Desmodus__Desmodus type genus of the Desmodontidae: vampire bats
subtype: #genus_Diphylla__Diphylla vampire bats
subtype: #genus_Oryctolagus__Oryctolagus Old World rabbits
subtype: #genus_Sylvilagus__Sylvilagus North American rabbits
subtype: #genus_Lepus__Lepus type genus of the Leporidae: hares
subtype: #genus_Ochotona__Ochotona type genus of the Ochotonidae
subtype: #genus_Mus__Mus type genus of the Muridae: common house mice; upper incisors have a square-notched tip
subtype: #genus_Micromyx__Micromyx Old World harvest mice
subtype: #genus_Apodemus__Apodemus Old World field mice
subtype: #genus_Rattus__Rattus common house rats; upper incisors have a beveled edge
subtype: #genus_Nesokia__Nesokia bandicoot rats
subtype: #genus_Conilurus__Conilurus jerboa rats
subtype: #genus_Notomys__Notomys jerboa rats
subtype: #genus_Hydromys__Hydromys water rats
subtype: #genus_Reithrodontomys__Reithrodontomys New World harvest mice
subtype: #genus_Peromyscus__Peromyscus New World wood mice
subtype: #genus_Baiomys__Baiomys pygmy mice
subtype: #genus_Onychomys__Onychomys grasshopper mice
subtype: #genus_Ondatra__Ondatra muskrats
subtype: #genus_Neofiber__Neofiber round-tailed muskrat
subtype: #genus_Sigmodon__Sigmodon American cotton rats
subtype: #genus_Neotoma__Neotoma packrats
subtype: #genus_Oryzomys__Oryzomys rice rats
subtype: #genus_Pitymys__Pitymys pine mice
subtype: #genus_Microtus__Microtus voles of the northern hemisphere
subtype: #genus_Arvicola__Arvicola in some classifications considered synonymous with Microtus
subtype: #genus_Clethrionomys__Clethrionomys a genus of Cricetidae
subtype: #genus_Phenacomys North American boles
subtype: #genus_Cricetus__Cricetus type genus of the Cricetidae: Old World hamsters
subtype: #genus_Mesocricetus__Mesocricetus golden hamsters
subtype: #genus_Gerbillus__Gerbillus type genus of the Gerbillinae: typical gerbils
subtype: #genus_Meriones__Meriones a genus of Cricetidae
subtype: #Lemmus__genus_lemmus lemmings
subtype: #genus_Myopus__Myopus a genus of Cricetidae
subtype: #genus_Dicrostonyx__Dicrostonyx pied lemmings
subtype: #genus_Synaptomys__Synaptomys bog lemmings
subtype: #genus_Atherurus__Atherurus a genus of Hystricidae
subtype: #genus_Trichys__Trichys a genus of Hystricidae
subtype: #genus_Erethizon__Erethizon a genus of Erethizontidae
subtype: #genus_Perognathus__Perognathus pocket mice
subtype: #genus_Liomys__Liomys pocket mice
subtype: #genus_Dipodomys__Dipodomys kangaroo rats
subtype: #genus_Microdipodops__Microdipodops kangaroo mice
subtype: #genus_Zapus__Zapus type genus of the Zapodidae
subtype: #genus_Dipus__Dipus type genus of the Dipodidae; typical jerboas having three toes on each hind food
subtype: #genus_Jaculus__Jaculus jerboas
subtype: #genus_Glis__Glis type genus of the Gliridae
subtype: #genus_Muscardinus__Muscardinus a genus of Gliridae
subtype: #genus_Eliomys__Eliomys lerots
subtype: #genus_Geomys__Geomys type genus of the Geomyidae
subtype: #genus_Thomomys__Thomomys western pocket gophers
subtype: #genus_Sciurus__Sciurus type genus of the Sciuridae; typical moderate-sized arboreal squirrels
subtype: #genus_Tamiasciurus__Tamiasciurus American red squirrels
subtype: #genus_Citellus__Citellus__Spermophilus__genus_Spermophilus typical ground squirrels
subtype: #genus_Cynomys__Cynomys prairie dogs
subtype: #genus_Tamias__Tamias chipmunks of eastern North America
subtype: #genus_Eutamias__Eutamias chipmunks of western America and Asia
subtype: #genus_Glaucomys__Glaucomys New World flying squirrels
subtype: #genus_Marmota__Marmota marmots
subtype: #genus_Petaurista__Petaurista very large Asiatic flying squirrels
subtype: #genus_Castor__Castor type genus of the Castoridae: beavers
subtype: #genus_Castoroides__Castoroides extinct beavers of the Pleistocene; of eastern and southern United States
subtype: #genus_Aplodontia__Aplodontia type genus of the Aplodontiidae: comprising the mountain beavers
subtype: #genus_Cavia__Cavia type genus of the Caviidae: guinea pigs
subtype: #genus_Dolichotis__Dolichotis maras
subtype: #genus_Hydrochoerus__Hydrochoerus a genus of Hydrochoeridae
subtype: #genus_Dasyprocta__Dasyprocta type genus of the Dasyproctidae: agoutis
subtype: #genus_Cuniculus__Cuniculus pacas
subtype: #genus_Stictomys__Stictomys mountain pacas
subtype: #genus_Myocastor__Myocastor a genus of Capromyidae
subtype: #genus_Chinchilla type genus of the Chinchillidae
subtype: #genus_Lagidium__Lagidium a genus of Chinchillidae
subtype: #genus_Lagostomus__Lagostomus viscachas
subtype: #genus_Abrocoma__Abrocoma abrocomes
subtype: #genus_Spalax__Spalax type genus of the Spalacidae
subtype: #genus_Bathyergus__Bathyergus mole rats
subtype: #genus_Heterocephalus__Heterocephalus sand rats
subtype: #genus_Uintatherium__Uintatherium type genus of the Uintatheriidae; extinct large herbivorous ungulates somewhat resembling elephants; from the Eocene in Wyoming
subtype: #genus_Procavia__Procavia type genus of the Procaviidae
subtype: #genus_Equus__Equus type genus of the Equidae: only surviving genus of the family Equidae
subtype: #genus_Hyracotherium__Hyracotherium extinct horse genus; formerly called genus Eohippus
subtype: #genus_Mesohippus a genus of Equidae
subtype: #genus_Protohippus a genus of Equidae
subtype: #genus_Rhinoceros type genus of the Rhinocerotidae
subtype: #genus_Ceratotherium__Ceratotherium African genus
subtype: #genus_Diceros__Diceros most common species in Africa
subtype: #genus_Tapirus__Tapirus type genus of the Tapiridae
subtype: #genus_Sus__Sus type genus of the Suidae
subtype: #genus_Babyrousa__Babyrousa a genus of Suidae
subtype: #genus_Phacochoerus__Phacochoerus warthogs
subtype: #genus_Tayassu__Tayassu__genus_Pecari type genus of the Tayassuidae
subtype: #genus_Hippopotamus type genus of the Hippopotamidae
subtype: #genus_Bos__Bos wild and domestic cattle; in some classifications placed in the subfamily Bovinae or tribe Bovini
subtype: #genus_Bubalus__Bubalus__tribe_Bubalus in some classification systems included in genus Bos; water buffaloes
subtype: #genus_Anoa a genus of mammals of the family Bovidae
subtype: #genus_Synercus__Synercus__tribe_synercus Cape buffalo
subtype: #genus_Bibos__Bibos wild ox
subtype: #genus_Bison sometimes considered a subgenus of genus Bos: American buffalo
subtype: #genus_Ovibos__Ovibos consisting of the musk-ox
subtype: #genus_Ovis__Ovis sheep
subtype: #genus_Ammotragus__Ammotragus genus of wild sheep
subtype: #genus_Capra__Capra goats
subtype: #genus_Oreamnos__Oreamnos mountain goats
subtype: #genus_Naemorhedus__Naemorhedus gorals
subtype: #genus_Capricornis__Capricornis serows
subtype: #genus_Rupicapra__Rupicapra chamois
subtype: #genus_Budorcas__Budorcas gnu goats
subtype: #genus_Antilope__Antilope blackbucks
subtype: #genus_Litocranius__Litocranius E African antelopes: gerenuks
subtype: #genus_Addax genus of antelopes of North African deserts
subtype: #genus_Connochaetes__Connochaetes African antelopes: gnus
subtype: #genus_Madoqua__Madoqua genus comprising some small antelopes of eastern and northeastern Africa
subtype: #genus_Alcelaphus__Alcelaphus African antelopes: hartebeests
subtype: #genus_Damaliscus__Damaliscus African antelopes: sassabies
subtype: #genus_Aepyceros__Aepyceros African antelopes: impalas
subtype: #genus_Gazella__Gazella typical gazelles
subtype: #genus_Antidorcas__Antidorcas springboks
subtype: #genus_Tragelaphus__Tragelaphus__Strepsiceros__genus_Strepsiceros African antelopes: kudus; bongos; nyalas; bushbucks
subtype: #genus_Boselaphus__Boselaphus Indian antelopes: nilgais
subtype: #genus_Hippotragus__Hippotragus sable antelopes
subtype: #genus_Saiga Eurasian antelopes: saigas
subtype: #genus_Raphicerus__Raphicerus African antelopes: steenboks
subtype: #genus_Taurotragus__Taurotragus African antelopes: elands
subtype: #genus_Kobus__Kobus African antelopes: waterbucks
subtype: #genus_Adenota__Adenota African antelopes: puku
subtype: #genus_Oryx African antelopes: oryxes
subtype: #genus_Pseudoryx__Pseudoryx species of large cow-like mammals of Vietnam discovered by scientists in 1992
subtype: #genus_Antilocapra__Antilocapra type and sole genus of the Antilocapridae comprising one species
subtype: #genus_Cervus__Cervus type genus of the Cervidae
subtype: #genus_Odocoileus__Odocoileus North American deer
subtype: #genus_Alces__Alces elk or moose
subtype: #genus_Dama__Dama fallow deer
subtype: #genus_Capreolus__Capreolus roe deer
subtype: #genus_Rangifer__Rangifer reindeer or caribou
subtype: #genus_Mazama__Mazama brockets
subtype: #genus_Muntiacus__Muntiacus muntjacs
subtype: #genus_Moschus__Moschus musk deer
subtype: #genus_Elaphurus__Elaphurus a genus of Cervidae
subtype: #genus_Tragulus__Tragulus type genus of the Tragulidae
subtype: #genus_Hyemoschus__Hyemoschus water chevrotains
subtype: #genus_Camelus__Camelus type genus of the Camelidae: camels
subtype: #genus_Lama__Lama llamas
subtype: #genus_Vicugna__Vicugna a genus of Camelidae
subtype: #genus_Giraffa__Giraffa type genus of the Giraffidae
subtype: #genus_Okapia__Okapia okapis
subtype: #genus_Mustela__Mustela type genus of the family Mustelidae: minks and weasels
subtype: #genus_Poecilogale__Poecilogale muishonds
subtype: #genus_Ictonyx__Ictonyx a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Lutra__Lutra in some classifications considered a genus of the subfamily Lutrinae
subtype: #genus_Enhydra__Enhydra sea otters
subtype: #genus_Mephitis__Mephitis in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Mephitinae
subtype: #genus_Conepatus__Conepatus a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Spilogale__Spilogale a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Taxidea__Taxidea in some classifications considered a genus of subfamily Melinae
subtype: #genus_Meles__Meles in some classifications: type genus of the subfamily Melinae
subtype: #genus_Mellivora__Mellivora ratels
subtype: #genus_Melogale__Melogale a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Arctonyx__Arctonyx a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Gulo__Gulo a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Grison a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Galictis alternative name for the genus Grison
subtype: #genus_Martes__Martes martens
subtype: #genus_Charronia__Charronia a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Eira__Eira a genus of Mustelidae
subtype: #genus_Dasypus__Dasypus__dasypu type genus of the Dasypodidae
subtype: #genus_Tolypeutes__Tolypeutes a genus of Dasypodidae
subtype: #genus_Cabassous solely the tatouay
subtype: #genus_Euphractus__Euphractus a genus of Dasypodidae
subtype: #genus_Priodontes__Priodontes solely the giant armadillo
subtype: #genus_Chlamyphorus__Chlamyphorus pichiciago
subtype: #genus_Burmeisteria__Burmeisteria a genus of Dasypodidae
subtype: #genus_Bradypus__Bradypus type genus of the Bradypodidae: three-toed sloths
subtype: #genus_Choloepus__Choloepus a genus of Megalonychidae
subtype: #genus_Megatherium__Megatherium type genus of the Megatheriidae
subtype: #genus_Mylodon type genus of the Mylodontidae; sometimes included in family Megatheriidae
subtype: #genus_Myrmecophaga__Myrmecophaga type genus of the Myrmecophagidae; South American ant bear
subtype: #genus_Cyclopes__Cyclopes only the silky anteater
subtype: #genus_Tamandua lesser anteater
subtype: #genus_Manis__Manis type genus of the Manidae
subtype: #genus_Homo type genus of the family Hominidae
subtype: #genus_Australopithecus__Australopithecus extinct genus of African hominid
subtype: #genus_Plesianthropus__Plesianthropus former name for the genus Australopithecus
subtype: #genus_Sivapithecus extinct primates; lower Pliocene
subtype: #genus_Dryopithecus__Dryopithecus genus of Old World hominoids; Miocene and Pliocene
subtype: #genus_Ouranopithecus__Ouranopithecus a genus of Hominidae
subtype: #genus_Lufengpithecus__Lufengpithecus a genus of Hominidae
subtype: #genus_Proconsul genus of extinct primitive African Miocene primates; sometimes considered a subgenus of Dryopithecus
subtype: #genus_Kenyapithecus__Kenyapithecus extinct primate having powerful chewing muscles along with large molars and small incisors; fossils found in Kenya
subtype: #genus_Aegyptopithecus a genus of Hominoidea
subtype: #genus_Algeripithecus__Algeripithecus an extinct genus of Hominoidea
subtype: #genus_Pongo__Pongo type genus of the family Pongidae: orangutans
subtype: #genus_Gorilla gorillas
subtype: #genus_Pan__Pan chimpanzees; more closely related to Australopithecus than to other pongids
subtype: #genus_Hylobates__Hylobates gibbons
subtype: #genus_Symphalangus__Symphalangus used in some classifications for the siamangs
subtype: #genus_Cercopithecus__Cercopithecus type genus of the Cercopithecidae: guenons
subtype: #genus_Cercocebus__Cercocebus mangabeys
subtype: #genus_Erythrocebus__Erythrocebus patas
subtype: #genus_Papio__Papio baboons
subtype: #genus_Mandrillus__Mandrillus baboons
subtype: #genus_Macaca__Macaca macaques; rhesus monkeys
subtype: #genus_Presbytes__Presbytes__mammal_Semnopithecus langurs
subtype: #genus_Colobus a genus of Cercopithecidae
subtype: #genus_Nasalis__Nasalis__nasali proboscis monkeys
subtype: #genus_Callithrix__Callithrix type genus of the Callithricidae: true marmosets
subtype: #genus_Cebuella__Cebuella pygmy marmosets
subtype: #genus_Leontocebus__Leontocebus__genus_Leontideus tamarins
subtype: #genus_Cebus__Cebus type genus of the Cebidae
subtype: #genus_Aotus__Aotus douroucoulis
subtype: #genus_Alouatta__Alouatta howler monkeys
subtype: #genus_Pithecia__Pithecia sakis
subtype: #genus_Cacajao__Cacajao uakaris
subtype: #genus_Callicebus__Callicebus titis
subtype: #genus_Ateles__Ateles spider monkeys
subtype: #genus_Saimiri__Saimiri squirrel monkeys
subtype: #genus_Lagothrix__Lagothrix woolly monkeys
subtype: #genus_Tupaia__Tupaia type genus of the Tupaia: chief genus of tree shrews
subtype: #genus_Ptilocercus__Ptilocercus pentails
subtype: #genus_Lemur type genus of the Lemuridae
subtype: #genus_Daubentonia__Daubentonia type genus; coextensive with the family Daubentoniidae
subtype: #genus_Loris type genus of the Lorisidae
subtype: #genus_Nycticebus__Nycticebus a genus of Lorisidae
subtype: #genus_Perodicticus__Perodicticus a genus of Lorisidae
subtype: #genus_Arctocebus__Arctocebus a genus of Lorisidae
subtype: #genus_Galago bush babies
subtype: #genus_Indri type genus of the Indriidae
subtype: #genus_Avahi__Avahi a genus of Indriidae
subtype: #genus_Tarsius__Tarsius type and sole genus of the family Tarsiidae
subtype: #genus_Cynocephalus__Cynocephalus type genus of the family Cynocephalidae
subtype: #genus_Elephas__Elephas type genus of the family Elephantidae
subtype: #genus_Loxodonta__Loxodonta a genus of Elephantidae
subtype: #genus_Mammuthus__Mammuthus extinct genus: mammoths
subtype: #genus_Archidiskidon__Archidiskidon a genus of Elephantidae
subtype: #genus_Mammut__Mammut__genus_Mastodon extinct type genus of the Mammutidae: mastodons
subtype: #genus_Gomphotherium__Gomphotherium type genus of the Gomphotheriidae
subtype: #genus_Procyon__Procyon type genus of the family Procyonidae: raccoons
subtype: #genus_Bassariscus__Bassariscus cacomistles
subtype: #genus_Potos__Potos a genus of Procyonidae
subtype: #genus_Nasua__Nasua coatis
subtype: #genus_Ailurus__Ailurus lesser pandas
subtype: #genus_Ailuropoda__Ailuropoda only the giant panda: in some classifications considered a genus of the separate family Ailuropodidae
subtype: #sponge_genus a genus of Porifera
subtype: #genus_Euplectella__Euplectella a genus of Hyalospongiae
subtype: #coelenterate_genus a genus of coelenterates
subtype: #genus_Chrysaora__Chrysaora a genus of Scyphozoa
subtype: #genus_Hydra hydras
subtype: #genus_Nanomia a genus of Siphonophora
subtype: #genus_Physalia__Physalia Portuguese man-of-war
subtype: #genus_Sertularia__Sertularia sessile hydroid that forms feathery colonies
subtype: #genus_Actinia__Actinia a genus of sea anemone common in rock pools
subtype: #genus_Pennatula__Pennatula type genus of the family Pennatulidae: sea pens
subtype: #genus_Maeandra__Maeandra brain corals
subtype: #genus_Acropora__Acropora coelenterate genus of order Madreporaria, including staghorn corals
subtype: #genus_Fungia__Fungia mushroom corals
subtype: #ctenophore_genus a genus of ctenophores
subtype: #genus_Beroe coextensive with the class Nuda
subtype: #genus_Pleurobrachia__Pleurobrachia sea gooseberries
subtype: #genus_Cestum__Cestum Venus's girdle
subtype: #worm_genus a genus of worms
subtype: #genus_Sagitta chief genus of Chaetognatha including the largest arrowworms
subtype: #genus_Spadella marine worms resembling the sagittas but with a broader body and only one pair of lateral fins
subtype: #genus_Fasciola__Fasciola a genus of Fasciolidae
subtype: #genus_Fasciolopsis__Fasciolopsis a genus of Fasciolidae
subtype: #genus_Schistosoma__Schistosoma type genus of the family Schistosomatidae: blood flukes
subtype: #genus_Echinococcus tapeworms
subtype: #genus_Taenia type genus of the family Taeniidae: tapeworms
subtype: #genus_Ascaris__Ascaris type genus of the family Ascaridae: roundworms with a three-lipped mouth
subtype: #genus_Ascaridia__Ascaridia roundworm having a preanal sucker
subtype: #genus_Enterobius__Enterobius pinworms
subtype: #genus_Anguillula__Anguillula__Turbatrix__genus_Turbatrix a genus of Cephalobidae
subtype: #genus_Tylenchus__Tylenchus type genus of the family Tylenchidae
subtype: #genus_Dracunculus__Dracunculus type genus of the family Dracunculidae
subtype: #genus_Branchiobdella__Branchiobdella type genus of the Branchiobdellidae: a small worm that lives on the gills or surface of a crayfish attached by a sucker
subtype: #genus_Terebella__Terebella type genus of Terebellidae; tube-forming marine polychete worms with many filamentous tentacles
subtype: #genus_Polycirrus__Polycirrus genus of soft-bodied polychete marine worms
subtype: #genus_Hirudo__Hirudo type genus of the family Hirudinidae
subtype: #genus_Haemopis__Haemopis leeches
subtype: #mollusk_genus__molluskgenu a genus of mollusks
subtype: #genus_Haliotis__Haliotis type genus of the family Haliotidae
subtype: #genus_Lambis__Lambis scorpion shells of shallow tropical waters of the eastern hemisphere
subtype: #genus_Strombus__Strombus type genus of the family Strombidae
subtype: #genus_Helix__Helix type genus of the family Helicidae
subtype: #genus_Limax__Limax a genus of Limacidae
subtype: #genus_Nerita type genus of the Neritidae
subtype: #genus_Neritina a genus of Neritidae
subtype: #genus_Littorina__Littorina type genus of the family Littorinidae: periwinkles
subtype: #genus_Patella__Patella type genus of the family Patellidae: common European limpets
subtype: #genus_Fissurella__Fissurella type genus of the family Fissurellidae: keyhole limpets
subtype: #genus_Ancylus__Ancylus type genus of the family Ancylidae: river limpet
subtype: #genus_Aplysia__Aplysia__Tethys__genus_Tethus type genus of the family Aplysiidae
subtype: #genus_Hermissenda__Hermissenda genus of marine sea slugs
subtype: #genus_Haminoea__Haminoea common genus of marine bubble shells of the Pacific coast of North America
subtype: #genus_Physa type genus of the physidae; freshwater air-breathing snails
subtype: #genus_Cypraea__Cypraea type genus of the family Cypraeidae: the typical cowries
subtype: #genus_Chiton a genus of Polyplacophora
subtype: #genus_Mya__Mya type genus of the family Myacidae
subtype: #genus_Venus__Venus type genus of the family Veneridae: genus of edible clams with thick oval shells
subtype: #genus_Mercenaria__Mercenaria a genus of Veneridae
subtype: #genus_Ensis__Ensis razor clams
subtype: #genus_Tridacna__Tridacna type genus of the family Tridacnidae: giant clams
subtype: #genus_Cardium__Cardium type genus of the family Cardiidae: cockles
subtype: #genus_Ostrea__Ostrea type genus of the family Ostreidae
subtype: #genus_Crassostrea__Crassostrea Virginia oysters
subtype: #genus_Pinctada__Pinctada pearl oysters
subtype: #genus_Anomia__Anomia type genus of the family Anomiidae: saddle oysters
subtype: #genus_Placuna__Placuna windowpane oysters
subtype: #genus_Arca__Arca type genus of the family Arcidae: ark shells and blood clams
subtype: #genus_Mytilus__Mytilus type genus of the family Mytilidae: smooth-shelled marine mussels
subtype: #genus_Unio__Unio type genus of the family Unionidae
subtype: #genus_Anodonta__Anodonta thin-shelled freshwater mussels
subtype: #genus_Dreissena__Dreissena zebra mussels
subtype: #genus_Pecten type genus of the family Pectinidae: sea and bay scallops
subtype: #genus_Teredo type genus of the family Teredinidae
subtype: #genus_Bankia__Bankia giant shipworms
subtype: #genus_Pholas__Pholas type genus of the family Pholadidae: piddocks
subtype: #genus_Nautilus type genus and sole recent representative of the family Nautilidae
subtype: #genus_Octopus type genus of the family Octopodidae
subtype: #genus_Argonauta__Argonauta type genus of the family Argonautidae: paper nautilus
subtype: #genus_Loligo squids
subtype: #genus_Ommastrephes a genus of Decapoda
subtype: #genus_Sepia__Sepia type genus of the Sepiidae
subtype: #genus_Spirula genus of small cephalopods with many-chambered spiral shells resembling those of the extinct belemnites
subtype: #echinoderm_genus a genus of echinoderms
subtype: #genus_Euryale__Euryale basket stars
subtype: #genus_Astrophyton__Astrophyton includes many of the basket stars
subtype: #genus_Gorgonocephalus__Gorgonocephalus basket stars
subtype: #genus_Ptilocrinus__Ptilocrinus sea lilies
subtype: #genus_Antedon__Antedon a genus of echinoderms of the family Antedonidae
subtype: #genus_Comatula__Comatula former usage synonymous with Antedon
subtype: #genus_Holothuria__Holothuria type genus of the Holothuridae
subtype: #type_genus (biology) genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed; it is not necessarily the most representative genus by often the largest or best known or earliest described
subtype: #form_genus.genus__formgenu (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
subtype: #moss_genus a genus of mosses
subtype: #genus_Anthoceros__Anthoceros hornworts
subtype: #genus_Andreaea__Andreaea brown or blackish Alpine mosses having a dehiscent capsule with 4 longitudinal slits
subtype: #genus_Dicranum__Dicranum type genus of Dicranaceae
subtype: #genus_Bryum__Bryum type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules
subtype: #genus_Mnium__Mnium mosses similar to those of genus Bryum but larger
subtype: #genus_Sphagnum a large genus constituting the order Sphagnales: atypical mosses of temperate bogs with leaves that can hold much water
subtype: #genus_Marchantia__Marchantia type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores
subtype: #genus_Sphaerocarpus__Sphaerocarpus__Sphaerocarpos__genus_Sphaerocarpos type genus of Sphaerocarpaceae; liverworts with small many-lobed usually orbicular thallus
subtype: #gymnosperm_genus a genus of gymnosperms
subtype: #genus_Gnetum type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones
subtype: #genus_Ephedra type and sole genus of Ephedraceae: tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubby or creeping plants native to dry and inhospitable regions
subtype: #genus_Welwitschia__genus_Welwitchia type and sole genus of Welwitschiaceae
subtype: #genus_Cycas__Cycas type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves
subtype: #genus_Zamia genus of small evergreen tropical and subtropical American cycads
subtype: #genus_Ceratozamia small genus of Mexican cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
subtype: #genus_Dioon small genus of arborescent cycads of Mexico and Central America; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
subtype: #genus_Encephalartos genus of arborescent African cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
subtype: #genus_Macrozamia genus of large evergreen Australian cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
subtype: #genus_Bennettitis__Bennettitis type of the Bennettitales
subtype: #genus_Lyginopteris__Lyginopteris genus of fossil seed ferns of the Carboniferous
subtype: #genus_Cordaites__Cordaites tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers
subtype: #genus_Pinus__Pinus type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines
subtype: #genus_Larix__Larix larches
subtype: #genus_Pseudolarix__Pseudolarix one species: golden larch
subtype: #genus_Abies__Abies true firs
subtype: #genus_Cedrus__Cedrus true cedars
subtype: #genus_Picea__Picea a genus of temperate and arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)
subtype: #genus_Tsuga__Tsuga hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce
subtype: #genus_Pseudotsuga__Pseudotsuga douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya
subtype: #genus_Cathaya one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix
subtype: #genus_Cupressus__Cupressus type genus of Cupressaceae
subtype: #genus_Athrotaxis__Athrotaxis a genus of gymnosperm
subtype: #genus_Austrocedrus__Austrocedrus one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
subtype: #genus_Callitris__Callitris evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines
subtype: #genus_Calocedrus__Calocedrus tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
subtype: #genus_Chamaecyparis__Chamaecyparis a genus of Chamaecyparis
subtype: #genus_Cryptomeria__Cryptomeria Japanese cedar; sugi
subtype: #genus_Juniperus__Juniperus junipers
subtype: #genus_Libocedrus__Libocedrus cypresses that resemble cedars
subtype: #genus_Metasequoia genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae
subtype: #genus_Sequoia redwoods; until recently considered a genus of a separate family Taxodiaceae
subtype: #genus_Taxodium__Taxodium bald cypress; swamp cypress
subtype: #genus_Tetraclinis__Tetraclinis sandarac tree
subtype: #genus_Thuja__Thuja red cedar
subtype: #genus_Thujopsis__Thujopsis one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja
subtype: #genus_Keteleeria a genus of Keteleeria
subtype: #genus_Araucaria a genus of Araucaria
subtype: #genus_Agathis__Agathis kauri pine
subtype: #genus_Cephalotaxus__Cephalotaxus the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)
subtype: #genus_Torreya__Torreya nutmeg-yews
subtype: #genus_Phyllocladus__Phyllocladus celery pine
subtype: #genus_Podocarpus__Podocarpus evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae
subtype: #genus_Afrocarpus__Afrocarpus dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus
subtype: #genus_Dacrycarpus__Dacrycarpus evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines
subtype: #genus_Dacrydium__Dacrydium Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs
subtype: #genus_Falcatifolium__Falcatifolium sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia
subtype: #genus_Halocarpus__Halocarpus dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium
subtype: #genus_Lagarostrobus__Lagarostrobus genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium
subtype: #genus_Lepidothamnus__Lepidothamnus small usually shrubby conifers
subtype: #genus_Microstrobos__Microstrobos 2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania
subtype: #genus_Nageia__Nageia small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea
subtype: #genus_Parasitaxus__Parasitaxus 1 species: parasite yew
subtype: #genus_Prumnopitys__Prumnopitys mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus
subtype: #genus_Retrophyllum__Retrophyllum small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America
subtype: #genus_Saxe-gothea__Saxe-gothea__Saxegothea__genus_Saxegothea 1 species: Prince Albert's yew
subtype: #genus_Sundacarpus__Sundacarpus 1 species
subtype: #genus_Sciadopitys__Sciadopitys type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines
subtype: #genus_Taxus__Taxus yews
subtype: #genus_Austrotaxus__Austrotaxus a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew
subtype: #genus_Pseudotaxus__Pseudotaxus one species
subtype: #genus_Ginkgo sole surviving genus of the Ginkgoaceae
subtype: #monocot_genus__monocotgenu__liliopsid_genus genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed
subtype: #liliid_monocot_genus genus of monocotyledonous plants comprising mostly herbs having usually petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils
subtype: #genus_Iris large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes
subtype: #genus_Belamcanda__Belamcanda a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
subtype: #genus_Crocus a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
subtype: #genus_Freesia cormous perennial herbs; native to South Africa
subtype: #genus_Gladiolus gladiolas
subtype: #genus_Ixia__Ixia a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
subtype: #genus_Sisyrinchium__Sisyrinchium chiefly North American grasslike herbs
subtype: #genus_Sparaxis__Sparaxis deciduous perennial herbs of South Africa
subtype: #genus_Amaryllis type genus of the Amaryllidaceae; bulbous flowering plants of southern Africa
subtype: #genus_Bomarea__Bomarea large genus of tropical American vines having showy often spotted umbellate flowers; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae especially subfamily Alstroemeriaceae
subtype: #genus_Haemanthus__Haemanthus genus of African deciduous or evergreen bulbous herbs: blood lilies
subtype: #genus_Hippeastrum bulbous flowering plants of tropical America
subtype: #genus_Narcissus Old World perennial bulbous herbs
subtype: #genus_Strekelia__Strekelia a monocotyledonous genus of the amaryllis family
subtype: #genus_Hypoxis__Hypoxis small plants that resemble Amaryllis and that grow from a corm and bear flowers on a leafless stalk; sometimes classified as member of the family Amaryllidaceae: star grass
subtype: #genus_Lilium__Lilium type genus of Liliaceae
subtype: #genus_Agapanthus small genus of South African evergreen or deciduous plants; sometimes placed in the family or subfamily Alliaceae
subtype: #genus_Albuca genus of bulbous plants of South Africa; sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Aletris__Aletris small genus of bitter-rooted herbs of eastern North America and Asia; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Allium__Allium large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants: garlic; leek; onion; chive; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae as the type genus
subtype: #genus_Aloe large genus of chiefly African liliaceous plants; in some systems placed in family Aloeaceae
subtype: #genus_Kniphofia genus of showy clump-forming African herbs with grasslike leaves; sometimes placed in family Aloeaceae
subtype: #genus_Alstroemeria genus of showy South American herbs with leafy stems; sometimes placed in family Alstroemeriaceae or in family Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #genus_Amianthum__Amianthum 1 species: fly poison; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Anthericum__Anthericum genus of Old World (mainly African) perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
subtype: #genus_Aphyllanthes__Aphyllanthes 1 species; small fibrous-rooted perennial with rushlike foliage and deep blue flowers; sometimes placed in its own family Aphyllanthaceae
subtype: #genus_Asparagus large genus of Old World perennial herbs with erect or spreading or climbing stems and small scalelike leaves and inconspicuous flowers; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae
subtype: #genus_Asphodeline__Asphodeline genus of rhizomatous perennial or biennial herbs with numerous sometimes fragrant flowers in long cylindrical racemes; Mediterranean region to Caucasus; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
subtype: #genus_Asphodelus__Asphodelus small genus of tall striking annuals or perennials with grasslike foliage and flowers in dense racemes or panicles; Mediterranean to Himalayas; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
subtype: #genus_Aspidistra genus of eastern Asiatic herbs; sometimes placed in the family Convallariaceae
subtype: #genus_Bessera__Bessera small genus of cormous perennials of Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
subtype: #genus_Blandfordia__Blandfordia small species of tuberous-rooted Australian perennial herbs
subtype: #genus_Bloomeria__Bloomeria small genus of bulbous perennial herbs of southwestern United States and Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
subtype: #genus_Bowiea__Bowiea small genus of tropical African perennial bulbous herbs with deciduous twining stems; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Brodiaea genus of western United States bulbous plants with basal leaves and variously colored flowers; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
subtype: #genus_Calochortus__Calochortus large genus of western North American leafy-stemmed bulbous herbs
subtype: #genus_Camassia__Camassia__Quamassia__genus_Quamassia genus of scapose herbs of North and South America having large edible bulbs
subtype: #genus_Erythronium__Erythronium perennial bulbous herbs most of northern United States: dogtooth violet; adder's tongue; trout lily; fawn lily
subtype: #genus_Fritillaria__Fritillaria fritillary
subtype: #genus_Tulipa__Tulipa Eurasian perennial bulbous herbs
subtype: #genus_Colchicum__Colchicum chiefly fall-blooming perennial cormous herbs; sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae
subtype: #genus_Gloriosa sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae; one species: glory lily
subtype: #genus_Hemerocallis__Hemerocallis east Asian rhizomatous clump-forming perennial herbs having flowers on long leafless stalks; cosmopolitan in cultivation: day lilies; sometimes placed in subfamily Hemerocallidaceae
subtype: #genus_Hosta__Hosta__Funka__genus_Funka robust east Asian clump-forming perennial herbs having racemose flowers: plantain lilies; sometimes placed in family Hostaceae
subtype: #genus_Hyacinthus sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae as the type genus
subtype: #genus_Hyacinthoides__Hyacinthoides small genus of perennial bulbs of western Europe and North Africa; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Ornithogalum__Ornithogalum sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Muscari__Muscari sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Scilla sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Tofieldia__Tofieldia genus of perennial herbs of cool temperate regions; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Urginea__Urginea Mediterranean liliaceous plants; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
subtype: #genus_Ruscus__Ruscus a genus of European evergreen shrubs; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae
subtype: #genus_Narthecium__Narthecium bog asphodels; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Veratrum__Veratrum a genus of coarse poisonous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Xerophyllum__Xerophyllum small genus of North American herbs having grasslike basal leaves: squaw grass; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Xanthorroea__Xanthorroea grass trees; sometimes placed in family Xanthorrhoeaceae
subtype: #genus_Zigadenus__Zigadenus genus of mostly North American poisonous plants; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
subtype: #genus_Trillium deciduous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae
subtype: #genus_Smilax__Smilax sometimes placed in Smilacaceae
subtype: #genus_Convallaria__Convallaria sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lily of the valley
subtype: #genus_Clintonia sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae
subtype: #genus_Liriope__Liriope sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lilyturf
subtype: #genus_Maianthemum__Maianthemum sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: false lily of the valley
subtype: #genus_Polygonatum__Polygonatum sometimes placed in subfamily Convallariaceae
subtype: #genus_Uvularia__Uvularia genus of perennial rhizomatous herb of southern and southeastern United States
subtype: #genus_Tacca__Tacca genus of tropical plants with creeping rootstocks and small umbellate flowers
subtype: #genus_Agave type genus of the Agavaceae; in some classifications considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #genus_Cordyline__Cordyline Asiatic and Pacific trees or shrubs; fragments of the trunk will regrow to form whole plants
subtype: #genus_Dracaena Old World tropical plants with branches ending in tufts of sword-shaped leaves; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae
subtype: #genus_Nolina__Nolina perennial plants resembling yucca; found in southern United States and Mexico
subtype: #genus_Polianthes__Polianthes genus of perennial tuberous herbs having lilylike flowers; Mexico; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #genus_Sansevieria Old World tropical herbaceous perennial of the agave family; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae
subtype: #genus_Yucca tropical American plants with stiff lancelike leaves and spikes of white blossoms; sometimes considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #genus_Juncus__Juncus type genus of the Juncaceae; perennial tufted glabrous marsh plants of temperate regions: rushes
subtype: #genus_Arum type genus of the Araceae: tuberous perennial herbs of Europe and Asia with usually heart-shaped leaves
subtype: #genus_Acorus__Acorus sweet flags; sometimes placed in subfamily Acoraceae
subtype: #genus_Aglaonema__Aglaonema climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen
subtype: #genus_Alocasia tropical Asiatic herbs similar to Colocasia but distinguished by a large sterile spadix
subtype: #genus_Amorphophallus genus of large tropical east Asian cormous aroids: devil's tongue; snake palm
subtype: #genus_Anthurium large genus of often epiphytic evergreen tropical American plants often cultivated as houseplants
subtype: #genus_Arisaema__Arisaema tuberous or rhizomatous herbaceous perennials
subtype: #genus_Arisarum__Arisarum tuberous or rhizomatous perennial herbs; mainly Mediterranean area
subtype: #genus_Caladium small genus of tropical South American tuberous perennials with large variously colored leaves
subtype: #genus_Calla__Calla water arum
subtype: #genus_Colocasia__Colocasia small genus of perennial tuberous herbs of tropical Asia: taro
subtype: #genus_Cryptocoryne water trumpet; aquatic herbs having broad leaves and long slender spathes; often used as aquarium plants
subtype: #genus_Dieffenbachia__Dieffenbachia evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants
subtype: #genus_Dracontium small genus of tropical American cormous herbs
subtype: #Dracunculus__genus_Dracunculus tuberous herbaceous perennials: dragon arum
subtype: #genus_Epipremnum__Epipremnum small genus of evergreen lianas of southeastern Asia to western Pacific areas
subtype: #genus_Lysichiton__Lysichiton__Lysichitum__genus_Lysichitum skunk cabbage
subtype: #genus_Monstera tropical American climbing plant with deeply incised leaves
subtype: #genus_Nephthytis small genus of tropical western African creeping or twining herbs
subtype: #genus_Orontium__Orontium 1 species of aquatic plant: golden club
subtype: #genus_Peltandra__Peltandra small genus of North American marsh or aquatic herbs
subtype: #genus_Philodendron any of several tropical American climbing plants with smooth shiny evergreen leaves
subtype: #genus_Pistia 1 species: water lettuce
subtype: #genus_Scindapsus__Scindapsus__genus_Pothos evergreen climbers with adhesive adventitious roots; southeastern Asia and Brazil
subtype: #genus_Spathiphyllum evergreen rhizomatous perennials of tropical America and Philippines and Indonesia
subtype: #genus_Symplocarpus__Symplocarpus one species: skunk cabbage
subtype: #genus_Syngonium__Syngonium epiphytic or terrestrial climbing shrubs of Central and South America; used as ornamental houseplants for their velvety foliage
subtype: #genus_Xanthosoma__Xanthosoma tropical American tuberous perennials
subtype: #genus_Zantedeschia__Zantedeschia calla lily
subtype: #genus_Lemna__Lemna minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root
subtype: #genus_Spirodela__Spirodela minute aquatic herbs floating on the water surface consisting of a shiny leaflike frond and 2-21 roots
subtype: #genus_Wolffia__Wolffia minute rootless aquatic herbs having globular fronds floating on or near the water surface and bearing one flower per frond
subtype: #genus_Wolffiella__Wolffiella minute rootless aquatic herbs having flat fronds floating on or below the water surface and bearing 1-2 flowers per frond; America and Africa
subtype: #genus_Orchis type genus of the orchid family; hardy terrestrial orchids of the temperate the northern hemisphere
subtype: #genus_Aerides epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia having stiff 2-ranked leaves and fragrant white flowers in arching racemes
subtype: #genus_Angrecum__Angraecum__genus_Angraecum genus of tropical Old World epiphytic orchids with showy flowers sometimes grotesque
subtype: #genus_Anoectochilus__Anoectochilus genus of delicate Asiatic orchids
subtype: #genus_Aplectrum__Aplectrum a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
subtype: #genus_Arethusa genus of bog orchids of North America and Japan
subtype: #genus_Bletia genus of tropical American terrestrial orchids with large purple or pink flowers
subtype: #genus_Bletilla__Bletilla small genus of chiefly east Asiatic hardy terrestrial orchids similar to genus Bletia
subtype: #genus_Brassavola genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic rhizomatous orchids
subtype: #genus_Brassia__Brassia genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids having striking axillary racemes of yellow to green spiderlike flowers with long slender sepals and warty lips: spider orchids
subtype: #genus_Caladenia terrestrial orchids of Australia to New Caledonia
subtype: #genus_Calanthe large and widely distributed genus of terrestrial orchids
subtype: #genus_Calopogon__Calopogon terrestrial orchids of North America
subtype: #genus_Calypso 1 species found throughout much of northern North America and Eurasia
subtype: #genus_Catasetum__Catasetum genus of tropical American orchids having showy male and female flowers usually on separate inflorescences
subtype: #genus_Cattleya large and highly valued genus of beautiful tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids; the typical orchids; known in many varieties
subtype: #genus_Cephalanthera__Cephalanthera small genus of temperate Old World terrestrial orchids
subtype: #genus_Cleistes__Cleistes terrestrial orchids of North and South America having slender fibrous roots; allied to genus Pogonia
subtype: #genus_Coeloglossum__Coeloglossum terrestrial orchids of cooler parts of North America and Europe: satyr orchid
subtype: #genus_Coelogyne large diverse genus of tropical Asiatic epiphytic orchids
subtype: #genus_Corallorhiza__Corallorhiza genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Coryanthes__Coryanthes small genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids
subtype: #genus_Cycnoches__Cycnoches genus of epiphytic or terrestrial tropical American orchids
subtype: #genus_Cymbidium genus of tropical epiphytic or terrestrial Old World orchids; one of the most popular orchid genera
subtype: #genus_Cypripedium__Cypripedium genus of chiefly American perennial leafy-stemmed orchids: lady's slippers; sometimes includes species of genus Paphiopedilum
subtype: #genus_Dactylorhiza__Dactylorhiza genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Asia and North Africa
subtype: #genus_Dendrobium large genus and variable genus of chiefly epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Asia and Australasia
subtype: #genus_Disa genus of showy tropical African terrestrial orchids
subtype: #genus_Dracula__Dracula comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants having bizarre and often sinister-looking flowers with pendulous scapes and motile lips
subtype: #genus_Dryadella__Dryadella comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: very dwarf plants having short tufted and usually unifoliate stems with usually solitary flowers
subtype: #genus_Eburophyton__Eburophyton a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
subtype: #genus_Encyclia__Encyclia large genus of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas and West Indies; formerly included in genus Epidendrum
subtype: #genus_Epidendrum__Epidendrum large and variable genus of terrestrial or epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas; some native to United States
subtype: #genus_Epipactis__Epipactis genus of hardy orchids with leafy-bracted racemes of greenish or purplish irregular flowers
subtype: #genus_Glossodia__Glossodia small genus of Australian orchids
subtype: #genus_Goodyera__Goodyera genus of small orchids of the northern hemisphere with creeping rhizomes and stalked ovate leaves and small flowers
subtype: #genus_Grammatophyllum__Grammatophyllum small genus of large epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of southeastern Asia to Polynesia; the giants of the Orchidaceae having long narrow leaves and drooping flower clusters often 6 feet long
subtype: #genus_Gymnadenia__Gymnadenia small genus of terrestrial orchids of North America and temperate Eurasia
subtype: #genus_Gymnadeniopsis__Gymnadeniopsis genus of North American terrestrial orchids usually included in genus Habenaria
subtype: #genus_Habenaria__Habenaria chiefly terrestrial orchids with tubers or fleshy roots often having long slender spurs and petals and lip lobes; includes species formerly placed in genus Gymnadeniopsis
subtype: #genus_Hexalectris__Hexalectris a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
subtype: #genus_Himantoglossum__Himantoglossum small genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Mediterranean region
subtype: #genus_Laelia large genus of mostly epiphytic or lithophytic Central and South American orchids of various sizes
subtype: #genus_Liparis genus of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids; pantropical to temperate
subtype: #genus_Listera__Listera__listera genus of terrestrial orchids having usually a single pair of broad shining leaves near the middle of the stem; found in temperate Asia and North America and Europe
subtype: #genus_Malaxis__Malaxis large genus of largely terrestrial orchids with one or a few plicate leaves and slender spikes or tiny mostly green flowers; cosmopolitan
subtype: #genus_Masdevallia large genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids whose flowers have sepals fused at the base forming a tube; includes orchids sometimes placed in genera Dracula and Dryadella and Scaphosepalum
subtype: #genus_Maxillaria large genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with persistent leathery leaves and single-flowered scapes
subtype: #genus_Miltonia__Miltonia genus of tropical American orchids
subtype: #genus_Odontoglossum large and important genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids; some of the most widely grown species are often placed in other genera
subtype: #genus_Oncidium large genus of showy epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical and subtropical America
subtype: #genus_Ophrys__Ophrys a hardy genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and northern Africa and western Asia
subtype: #genus_Paphiopedilum__Paphiopedilum horticulturally important genus of mainly terrestrial orchids including many hybrids; southeastern Asia and Indonesia to Philippines and Solomon Islands; Paphiopedilum species sometimes included in genus Cypripedium
subtype: #genus_Phaius genus of Asiatic ans Australian terrestrial orchids
subtype: #genus_Phalaenopsis__Phalaenopsis genus of ornamental epiphytic orchids of Asia and Australia
subtype: #genus_Pholidota__Pholidota genus of mostly epiphytic orchids of Indonesia and the western Pacific
subtype: #genus_Phragmipedium__Phragmipedium genus of tropical American orchid species often included in genus Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum and Selenipedium: lady slippers
subtype: #genus_Platanthera__Platanthera herbaceous terrestrial orchids of temperate northern and southern hemispheres
subtype: #genus_Plectorrhiza__Plectorrhiza small genus of Australian orchids
subtype: #genus_Pleione__Pleione small genus of dwarf orchids; India to Thailand and Taiwan
subtype: #genus_Pleurothallis large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical America
subtype: #genus_Pogonia small but widely distributed genus of orchids closely related to genus Cleistes;: of damp or boggy areas of north temperate zone
subtype: #genus_Psychopsis__Psychopsis epiphytic orchids of Central and South America formerly included in genus Oncidium
subtype: #genus_Pterostylis__Pterostylis genus of terrestrial orchids of Australia and New Zealand and western Pacific
subtype: #genus_Rhyncostylis__Rhyncostylis genus of epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia
subtype: #genus_Sarcochilus__Sarcochilus diminutive epiphytic or lithophytic orchids with clumped short-stemmed foliage and arching racemes of colorful flowers; Australia and Polynesia to southeastern Asia
subtype: #genus_Scaphosepalum__Scaphosepalum comprises some tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants with small flowers carried on one scape
subtype: #genus_Schomburgkia__Schomburgkia genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with showy racemose flowers
subtype: #genus_Selenipedium__Selenipedium genus of tall reedlike tropical American orchids; includes species with pods used locally as a substitute for vanilla
subtype: #genus_Sobralia genus of tropical American orchids
subtype: #genus_Spiranthes__Spiranthes large cosmopolitan genus of white-flowered terrestrial orchids
subtype: #genus_Stanhopea genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids
subtype: #genus_Stelis genus of small caespitose orchids of tropical America
subtype: #genus_Trichoceros__Trichoceros small genus of small epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical South America
subtype: #genus_Vanda genus of showy epiphytic orchids of Himalayas to Malaysia
subtype: #genus_Vanilla large genus of tropical climbing orchids; Old and New Worlds
subtype: #genus_Burmannia__Burmannia type genus of the Burmanniaceae; slender herbs of warm regions with leaves resembling scales and flowers with a 3-angled or 3-winged perianth
subtype: #genus_Aegilops__Aegilops goat grass
subtype: #genus_Agropyron__Agropyron perennial grasses of temperate and cool regions: wheatgrass; dog grass
subtype: #genus_Alopecurus__Alopecurus annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds
subtype: #genus_Andropogon__Andropogon tall annual or perennial grasses with spikelike racemes; warm regions
subtype: #genus_Arundo__Arundo any of several coarse tall perennial grasses of most warm areas: reeds
subtype: #genus_Bromus__Bromus a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae
subtype: #genus_Bouteloua__Bouteloua forage grasses
subtype: #genus_Buchloe__Buchloe buffalo grass
subtype: #genus_Calamagrostis__Calamagrostis reed grass
subtype: #genus_Cenchrus__Cenchrus a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae that have burs
subtype: #genus_Chloris__Chloris tufted or perennial or annual grasses having runners: finger grass; windmill grass
subtype: #genus_Cortaderia__Cortaderia tall ornamental grasses of South America and New Zealand and New Guinea: pampas grass
subtype: #genus_Cynodon__Cynodon creeping perennial grasses of tropical and southern Africa
subtype: #genus_Dactylis__Dactylis a monocotyledonous grass of the family Gramineae (has only one species)
subtype: #genus_Dactyloctenium__Dactyloctenium a monocotyledonous genus of the family Gramineae
subtype: #genus_Digitaria__Digitaria crab grass; finger grass
subtype: #genus_Echinochloa__Echinochloa annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions
subtype: #genus_Eleusine__Eleusine annual and perennial grasses of savannas and upland grasslands
subtype: #genus_Elymus__Elymus tall tufted perennial grasses (such as lyme grass or wild rye)
subtype: #genus_Eragrostis__Eragrostis annual or perennial grasses of tropics and subtropics
subtype: #genus_Erianthus__Erianthus genus of reedlike grasses having spikes crowded in a panicle covered with long silky hairs
subtype: #genus_Festuca__Festuca a genus of tufted perennial grasses of the family Gramineae
subtype: #genus_Glyceria__Glyceria manna grass
subtype: #genus_Holcus__Holcus a genus of Old World grasses widely cultivated in America
subtype: #genus_Hordeum__Hordeum annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley
subtype: #genus_Leymus__Leymus genus that in some classifications overlaps the genus Elymus
subtype: #genus_Lolium__Lolium darnel; ryegrass
subtype: #genus_Muhlenbergia__Muhlenbergia a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae grown in America and Asia
subtype: #genus_Oryza__Oryza rice
subtype: #genus_Oryzopsis__Oryzopsis rice grass
subtype: #genus_Panicum__Panicum panic grass
subtype: #genus_Paspalum a genus of perennial grasses of warm regions
subtype: #genus_Pennisetum__Pennisetum a genus of Old World grasses
subtype: #genus_Phalaris__Phalaris a genus of grasses with broad leaves and a dense spike of flowers
subtype: #genus_Phleum__Phleum grasses native to temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Phragmites__Phragmites reeds of marshes and riversides in tropical or temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Poa__Poa chiefly perennial grasses of cool temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Saccharum__Saccharum tall perennial reedlike grass originally of southeastern Asia: sugarcane
subtype: #genus_Schizachyrium__Schizachyrium overlaps the genus Andropogon
subtype: #genus_Secale__Secale cereal grass widely cultivated for its grain: rye
subtype: #genus_Setaria__Setaria annual or perennial grasses of warm regions: bristlegrasses
subtype: #genus_Sorghum annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghum
subtype: #genus_Spartina__Spartina grass of freshwater swamps and salt marshes of Europe, Africa, America, and South Atlantic islands
subtype: #genus_Sporobolus__Sporobolus cosmopolitan annual and perennial grasses (as dropseed or rushgrass)
subtype: #genus_Stenotaphrum__Stenotaphrum lawn grasses
subtype: #genus_Triticum__Triticum annual cereal grasses from Mediterranean area; widely cultivated in temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Zea__Zea corn
subtype: #genus_Zizania__Zizania wild rice
subtype: #genus_Zoysia__Zoisia__genus_Zoisia lawn grasses native to southeastern Asia and New Zealand; grown especially in warm regions
subtype: #genus_Bambusa__Bambusa tall tender clumping bamboos
subtype: #genus_Arundinaria__Arundinaria North American bamboo
subtype: #genus_Dendrocalamus__Dendrocalamus giant clump-forming bamboos
subtype: #genus_Phyllostachys__Phyllostachys medium and large bamboos
subtype: #genus_Cyperus__Cyperus type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions
subtype: #genus_Carex__Carex large genus of plants found in damp woodlands and bogs and ditches or at water margins: sedges
subtype: #genus_Eriophorum__Eriophorum cotton grass
subtype: #genus_Scirpus__Scirpus rhizomatous perennial grasslike herbs
subtype: #genus_Eleocharis__Eleocharis sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths
subtype: #genus_Pandanus type genus of the Pandanaceae (as screw pines)
subtype: #genus_Typha__Typha reed maces; cattails
subtype: #genus_Sparganium__Sparganium type and sole genus of Sparganiaceae; marsh or aquatic herbs of temperate regions
subtype: #genus_Haemodorum__Haemodorum type genus of family Haemodoraceae
subtype: #genus_Anigozanthus__Anigozanthus genus of monocotyledonous plants with curious woolly flowers on sturdy stems above a fan of sword-shaped leaves; includes kangaroo's paw and cat's paw and Australian sword lily; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae
subtype: #genus_Canna type and sole genus of the Cannaceae: perennial lilylike herbs of New World tropics
subtype: #genus_Maranta herbs of tropical America
subtype: #genus_Musa__Musa type genus of the Musaceae: bananas
subtype: #genus_Ensete__Ensete Old World tropical herbs: Abyssinian bananas
subtype: #genus_Strelitzia__Strelitzia small genus of large perennial evergreen herbs having leaves resembling those of banana plants; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
subtype: #genus_Ravenala woody tropical plants with tall trunks; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
subtype: #genus_Zingiber__Zingiber tropical Asiatic and Polynesian perennial plants: ginger
subtype: #genus_Curcuma__Curcuma tropical Asiatic perennial herbs
subtype: #genus_Elettaria__Elettaria cardamom
subtype: #genus_Acrocomia__Acrocomia Central and South American feather palms
subtype: #genus_Areca a monocotyledonous genus of palm trees
subtype: #genus_Attalea__Attalea unarmed feather palms of central and northern South America
subtype: #genus_Borassus__Borassus palmyra
subtype: #genus_Calamus distinctive often spiny-stemmed palms found as climbers in tropical and subtropical forest
subtype: #genus_Caryota__Caryota fishtail palms
subtype: #Ceroxylon__genus_ceroxylon__genusceroxylon wax palms
subtype: #genus_Cocos__Cocos coconut palms
subtype: #genus_Copernicia__Copernicia slow-growing tropical fan palms
subtype: #genus_Corozo a monocotyledonous genus of tropical American palm trees
subtype: #genus_Corypha__Corypha large fan palms of tropical Asia to Australia
subtype: #genus_Elaeis__Elaeis oil palms
subtype: #genus_Euterpe__Euterpe a monocotyledonous genus of graceful palm trees in tropical America
subtype: #genus_Metroxylon__Metroxylon a genus of Malayan pinnate-leaved palm trees that flower and fruit once and then die
subtype: #genus_Nipa__Nipa__Nypa__genus_Nypa monotypic genus of palms of Australasia
subtype: #genus_Orbignya__Orbignya palms of southern Mexico to northern South America: babassu palm
subtype: #genus_Phoenicophorium__Phoenicophorium latanier palm
subtype: #genus_Phoenix__Phoenix a large monocotyledonous genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in Asia and Africa
subtype: #genus_Raffia__Raffia__Raphia__genus_Raphia feather palm of tropical Africa and Madagascar and Central and South America widely grown for commercial purposes
subtype: #genus_Rhapis__Rhapis genus of small clump-forming fan palms of China and Japan
subtype: #genus_Roystonea__Roystonea a monocotyledonous genus of West Indian feather palms
subtype: #genus_Sabal__Sabal American dwarf fan palms
subtype: #genus_Serenoa__Serenoa one species: saw palmetto
subtype: #genus_Thrinax__Thrinax small to medium-sized fan palms
subtype: #genus_Xyris__Xyris chiefly American marsh plants, having usually yellow flowers
subtype: #genus_Commelina type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears
subtype: #genus_Tradescantia__Tradescantia spiderworts
subtype: #genus_Ananas__Ananas a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)
subtype: #Bromelia the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx
subtype: #genus_Tillandsia__Tillandsia large genus of epiphytic or terrestrial sparse-rooting tropical plants usually forming dense clumps or pendant masses
subtype: #genus_Mayaca__Mayaca small genus of delicate mossy bog plants having white or violet flowers
subtype: #genus_Eriocaulon__Eriocaulon type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs
subtype: #genus_Pontederia__Pontederia pickerelweed
subtype: #genus_Eichhornia__Eichhornia water hyacinth; water orchid
subtype: #genus_Heteranthera__Heteranthera mud plantains
subtype: #genus_Naias__Naias__Najas__genus_Najas sole genus of the family Naiadaceae
subtype: #genus_Alisma__Alisma small genus of aquatic or semiaquatic plants
subtype: #genus_Sagittaria__Sagittaria genus of aquatic herbs of temperate and tropical regions having sagittate or hastate leaves and white scapose flowers
subtype: #common_arrowhead a weed
subtype: #genus_Hydrocharis__Hydrocharis frogbit
subtype: #genus_Hydrilla 1 species
subtype: #genus_Limnobium__Limnobium American frogbit
subtype: #genus_Elodea__Elodea__pondweed__ditchmoss__ditchmos submerged freshwater perennials
subtype: #genus_Egeria__Egeria small genus of dioecious tropical aquatic plants
subtype: #genus_Vallisneria__Vallisneria eelgrass; eel grass
subtype: #genus_Potamogeton__Potamogeton a large genus of aquatic herbs found in quiet waters in temperate regions; leaves usually float on the water
subtype: #genus_Groenlandia__Groenlandia a monocotyledonous genus of the family Potamogetonaceae
subtype: #genus_Triglochin__Triglochin perennial or annual bog or marsh plants; includes arrow grass
subtype: #genus_Zannichellia__Zannichellia horned pondweed: completely submerged herbs; in some classifications included in Potamogetonaceae
subtype: #genus_Zostera__Zostera (or in some classifications family Zosteraceae) small genus of widely distributed marine plants
subtype: #dicot_genus__dicotgenu__magnoliopsidgenu genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
subtype: #fungus_genus includes lichen genera
subtype: #plant_genus__plantgenu a genus of plants
subtype: #fern_genus genera of ferns and fern allies
subtype: #subgenus (biology) taxonomic group between a genus and a species
subtype: #monotype.taxonomic_group (biology) a taxonomic group with a single member (a single species or genus)
subtype: #species__specie (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
subtype: #subspecies__race (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species
subtype: #var.__form__variant (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups; "a new strain of microorganisms"
subtype: #type.taxonomic_group (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
subtype: #group_Pteridospermae__Pteridospermae__Pteridospermaphyta__group_Pteridospermaphyta used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales
subtype: #group_Centrospermae__Centrospermae used in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales
subtype: #group_Amentiferae__Amentiferae used in some classification systems for plants that bear catkins
subtype: #Phycomycetes_group__Phycomycetes a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems
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