#order_Sphaeriales__Sphaeriales  large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
  supertype:  #fungus_order  the order of fungi
  member of:  #class_Pyrenomycetes
  member:  #family_Sphaeriaceae__Sphaeriaceae  parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
     member:  #genus_Neurospora__Neurospora  genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries
  member:  #family_Ceratostomataceae__Ceratostomataceae  fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
     member:  #genus_Ceratostomella__Ceratostomella  genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
        member:  #Dutch_elm_fungus__Ceratostomella_ulmi  fungus causing Dutch elm disease
  member:  #family_Hypocreaceae__Hypocreaceae  family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
     member:  #genus_Claviceps__Claviceps  fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
        member:  #Claviceps_purpurea__ergot  a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
  member:  #family_Xylariaceae__Xylariaceae  family of fungi characterized by dark brown to back spores
     member:  #genus_Xylaria__Xylaria  type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata
        member:  #black_root_rot_fungus__Xylaria_mali  fungus causing black root rot in apples
        member:  #dead-man's-fingers__dead-men's-fingers__Xylaria_polymorpha  the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
     member:  #genus_Rosellinia__Rosellinia  fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores

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