#nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease  a disorder of the nervous system
  supertype:  #disorder.state__upset  condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
  subtype:  #brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease  any disorder or disease of the brain
     subtype:  #epilepsy  a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
        subtype:  #akinetic_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized by akinesia
        subtype:  #cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
           subtype:  #Jacksonian_epilepsy  focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
           subtype:  #sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy  focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
        subtype:  #grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
        subtype:  #myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease  epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
        subtype:  #petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence  epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
           subtype:  #complex_absence  petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
           subtype:  #pure_absence__simple_absence  petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
           subtype:  #subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence  transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
        subtype:  #posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy  a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
        subtype:  #procursive_epilepsy  epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
        subtype:  #psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
        subtype:  #reflex_epilepsy  a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
           subtype:  #musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by music
           subtype:  #photogenic_epilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
        subtype:  #status_epilepticus  a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
        subtype:  #tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy  epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
     subtype:  #apraxia  inability to make purposeful movements
     subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
     subtype:  #cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi  a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
     subtype:  #agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia  a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
     subtype:  #acataphasia  a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
     subtype:  #aphasia  inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
        subtype:  #auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness  an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
        subtype:  #conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia  aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
        subtype:  #global_aphasia__total_aphasia  loss of all ability to communicate
        subtype:  #motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia  aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
        subtype:  #nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia  inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
        subtype:  #transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia  a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
        subtype:  #visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness  inability to perceive written words
        subtype:  #Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia  aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
     subtype:  #agnosia  inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
     subtype:  #Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease  rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
     subtype:  #Wernicke's_encephalopathy  inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
  subtype:  #motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia  inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
     subtype:  #Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia  sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
     subtype:  #hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia  nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
  subtype:  #atopognosia__atopognosi  absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
  subtype:  #dyskinesia  abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
     subtype:  #tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia  involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
  subtype:  #chorea  any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
     subtype:  #orthochorea  a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
     subtype:  #Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance  chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
     subtype:  #tarantism  a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
     subtype:  #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease  hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
  subtype:  #flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi  weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
  subtype:  #athetosis__athetosi  a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
  subtype:  #kuru  a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
  subtype:  #nerve_compression__nervecompression  harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
     subtype:  #nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment  repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
        subtype:  #carpal_tunnel_syndrome  a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand

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