#cutting_out__cuttingout__ablation__extirpation__excision  surgical removal of a body part or tissue
  supertype:  #surgical_operation__operation__surgery__surgical_procedure__surgical_process  a therapeutic procedure with instruments to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery"
  subtype:  #adenoidectomy  surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy
  subtype:  #adrenalectomy__suprarenalectomy  surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
  subtype:  #appendectomy__appendicectomy  surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
  subtype:  #cholecystectomy  surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)
     subtype:  #laparoscopic_cholecystectomy__lap_choly__lapcholy  removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments
  subtype:  #embolectomy  surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)
  subtype:  #ennervation  surgical removal of a nerve
  subtype:  #hypophysectomy  surgical removal of the pituitary gland
  subtype:  #hysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus
     subtype:  #radical_hysterectomy__radicalhysterectomy__panhysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes
     subtype:  #total_hysterectomy__totalhysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus and cervix
  subtype:  #laminectomy  surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
  subtype:  #laryngectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)
  subtype:  #lithotomy  surgical removal of a stone (calculus)
     subtype:  #cholelithotomy  removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder
  subtype:  #lobectomy  surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)
  subtype:  #lumpectomy  surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer
  subtype:  #mastectomy  surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
     subtype:  #modified_radical_mastectomy  removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
     subtype:  #radical_mastectomy__radicalmastectomy  removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
     subtype:  #simple_mastectomy  removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact
  subtype:  #mastoidectomy  surgical removal of the mastoid process
  subtype:  #meniscectomy  surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee
  subtype:  #nephrectomy  surgical removal of a kidney
  subtype:  #neurectomy  surgical removal of all or part of a nerve
  subtype:  #oophorectomy__ovariectomy  surgical removal of one of both ovaries
  subtype:  #oophorosalpingectomy  surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes
  subtype:  #ophthalmectomy  surgical removal of an eye
  subtype:  #orchidectomy__orchiectomy  surgical removal of one or both testicles
  subtype:  #pancreatectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas
  subtype:  #pneumonectomy  surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)
  subtype:  #prostatectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
  subtype:  #salpingectomy  surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes
  subtype:  #sigmoidectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)
  subtype:  #splenectomy  surgical removal of the spleen
  subtype:  #stapedectomy  surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear
  subtype:  #sympathectomy  surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system
  subtype:  #thrombectomy  surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel
  subtype:  #thyroidectomy  surgical removal of the thyroid gland
  subtype:  #tonsillectomy  surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy
  subtype:  #vasectomy  surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
  subtype:  #vulvectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the vulva

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