#cognition__knowledge__noesis the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
supertype: psychological_feature__psychologicalfeature a feature of the mental life of a living organism
subtype: mind__head__brain__psyche__nous that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; "his mind wandered"; "I couldn't get his words out of my head"
subtype: noddle (British) "use your noddle"
subtype: tabula_rasa a young mind not yet affected by experience (according to John Locke)
subtype: ego (psychoanalysis) the conscious mind
subtype: unconscious_mind__unconsciousmind__unconsciou that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware
subtype: subconscious_mind__subconscious psychic activity just below the level of awareness
subtype: place.cognition an abstract mental location; "he has a special place in my thoughts"; "a place in my heart"; "a political system with no place for the less prominent groups"
subtype: public_knowledge__general_knowledge__generalknowledge knowledge that is available to anyone
subtype: common_knowledge something generally known to everyone
subtype: ancient_history__ancienthistory knowledge of some recent fact or event that has become so commonly known that it has lost its original pertinence
subtype: light.public_knowledge public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
subtype: open.public_knowledge__surface information that has become public; "all the reports were out in the open"; "the facts had been brought to the surface"
subtype: ability.cognition possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination"
subtype: know-how the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something
subtype: bag_of_tricks a supply of ways of accomplishing something; "every good mechanic has a large bag of tricks"
subtype: sapience__wisdom ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight
subtype: astuteness__profundity__profoundness__depth the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas
subtype: sagacity__sagaciousness__sagaciousnes__judgement__discernment ability to make good judgments
subtype: eye.sagacity good discernment (either with the eyes or as if with the eyes); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artist's eye"
subtype: common_sense__good_sense__gumption__horse_sense__horsesense__sense__mother_wit sound practical judgment; "I can't see the sense in doing it now"; "he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples"; "fortunately shw had the sense to run away"
subtype: logic reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic"
subtype: nous (British) common sense; "she has great social nous"
subtype: road_sense good judgment in avoiding trouble or accidents on the road
subtype: judiciousness__judiciousnes good judgment
subtype: forethought__caution__precaution__care judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger; "he exercised caution in opening the door"; "he handled the vase with care"
subtype: discreetness__discretion__circumspection__prudence knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; "the servants showed great tact and discretion"
subtype: confidentiality.discreetness discretion in keeping secret information
subtype: injudiciousness__indiscreetness lacking good judgment
subtype: method a way of doing something, esp. a systematic one; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
subtype: teaching_method__teachingmethod a method of instruction
subtype: Socratic_method__maieutic_method a method of teaching by question and answer; used by Socrates to elicit truths from his students
subtype: method_of_choice the best method to achieve a desired result
subtype: methodology the system of methods followed in a particular discipline
subtype: scientific_method a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
subtype: experimental_method the use of controlled observations and measurements to test hypotheses
subtype: mnemonics__mnemonic a method or system for improving the memory
subtype: solution.method a method for solving a problem; "the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook"
subtype: technique a practical method or art applied to some particular task
subtype: Benday_process a photoengraving technique for adding shading or texture or tone to a printed image
subtype: bonding.technique (dentistry) a technique for repairing a tooth; resinous material is applied to the surface of the tooth where it adheres to the tooth's enamel
subtype: emulation.technique (computer science) technique of one machine obtaining the same results as another
subtype: terminal_emulation (computer science) having a computer act exactly like a terminal
subtype: immunofluorescence (immunology) a technique that uses antibodies linked to a fluorescent dye in order to study antigens in a sample of tissue
subtype: computer_simulation__simulation (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
subtype: technicolor a trademarked method of making color motion pictures
subtype: statistical_method__statisticalmethod a method of analyzing or representing statistical data
subtype: method_of_least_squares__least_squares__leastsquare a method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve
subtype: regression_toward_the_mean__regression__simple_regression the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)
subtype: linear_regression__rectilinear_regression__rectilinearregression the relation between variables when the regression equation is linear: e.g., y = ax + b
subtype: curvilinear_regression__curvilinearregression the relation between variables when the regression equation is nonlinear (quadratic or higher order)
subtype: multiple_regression a statistical technique that predicts values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables
subtype: regression_analysis the use of regression to make quantitative predictions of one variable from the values of another
subtype: correlational_analysis the use of statistical correlation to evaluate the strength of the relations between variables
subtype: analysis_of_variance__ANOVA a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables
subtype: leadership.ability the ability to lead: "he believed that leadership can be taught"
subtype: generalship.leadership the leadership ability of a military general
subtype: intelligence the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
subtype: intellect__mind knowledge and intellectual ability; "he reads to improve his mind"; "he has a keen intellect"
subtype: breadth__comprehensiveness__comprehensivenes an ability to understand a broad range of topics; "a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject"
subtype: nonverbal_intelligence__nonverbalintelligence intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of language
subtype: verbal_intelligence intelligence in the use and comprehension of language
subtype: brainpower__brain__learning_ability__mental_capacity__mentality__wit mental ability; "he's got plenty of brains but no common sense"
subtype: mental_quickness__quickness__quicknes__quickwittednes intelligence as revealed by an ability to give correct responses without delay
subtype: brilliance__genius unusual mental ability
subtype: pyrotechnics brilliance of display (as in the performance of music)
subtype: precociousness__precocity intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules
subtype: acuity__acuteness__acutenes__sharpnes__keennes a quick and penetrating intelligence; "he argued with great acuteness"; "I admired the keenness of his mind"
subtype: steel_trap__steeltrap an acute intelligence (an analogy based on the well known sharpness of steel traps); "he's as sharp as a steel trap"; "a mind like a steel trap"
subtype: cleverness__brightness__smartness__smartnes intelligence as manifested in being quick and witty
subtype: shrewdness__astuteness__perspicacity__perspicaciousness__perspicaciousnes intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
subtype: craftiness__craft__cunning__foxines__slyness__wiliness shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
subtype: cunning shrewdness in deception; "as cunning as a fox"
subtype: insightfulness__acumen shrewdness shown by keen insight
subtype: knowingness shrewdness demonstrated by knowledge
subtype: street_smarts a shrewd ability to survive in a dangerous urban environment
subtype: aptitude inherent ability
subtype: instinct__inherent_aptitude inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli: "the spawning instinct in salmon"; "altruistic instincts in social animals"
subtype: id (psychoanalysis) primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity
subtype: potentiality__capability__capableness__capablenes an aptitude that may be developed
subtype: perfectibility__perfectability the capability of becoming perfect; "he believes in the ultimate perfectability of man"
subtype: grasp__compass__compas__reach the limit of capability; "within the compass of education"
subtype: ken__sight the range of vision; "out of sight of land"
subtype: natural_ability__naturalability ability that is inherited
subtype: natural_endowment__naturalendowment__endowment__gift__talent natural qualities or talents
subtype: knack__bent__hang a special way of doing something; "he had a bent for it"; "he had a special knack for getting into trouble"; "he couldn't get the hang of it"
subtype: genius__flair a natural talent; "he has a flair for mathematics"; "he has a genius for interior decorating"
subtype: raw_talent__rawtalent powerfully impressive talent
subtype: mental_ability__capacity the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
subtype: prescience__prevision the power to foresee the future
subtype: creativity__creativeness the ability to create
subtype: fecundity__fruitfulness the intellectual fruitfulness of a creative imagination
subtype: flight.creativity passing above and beyond ordinary bounds; "a flight of fancy"; "flights of rhetoric"; "flights of imagination"
subtype: wizardry__genius exceptional creative ability
subtype: imaginativeness__imaginativenes__vision the power of imagination; "popular imagination created a world of demons"
subtype: fancy fancy was held by Coleridge to be more casual and superficial than imagination
subtype: fantasy imagination unrestricted by reality; "a schoolgirl fantasy"
subtype: pipe_dream__dream a fantastic but vain hope (from fantasies induced by the opium pipe); "I have this pipe dream about being emperor of the universe"
subtype: fantasy_life__fantasylife__phantasy_life an imaginary life lived in a fantasy world
subtype: fantasy_world__fantasyworld__phantasy_world__fairyland a place existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)
subtype: dreaming__dream imaginative thoughts indulged in while awake; "he lives in a dream that has nothing to do with reality"
subtype: daydream__reverie__revery__daydreaming__oneirism__air_castle__aircastle__castle_in_the_air__castle_in_Spain absent-minded dreaming while awake
subtype: woolgathering an idle indulgence in fantasy
subtype: innovation__invention__excogitation__conception__design the creation of something in the mind
subtype: contrivance the faculty of contriving; inventive skill; "his skillful contrivance of answers to every problem"
subtype: inventiveness__inventivenes__ingeniousnes__cleverness the power of creative imagination
subtype: imagination__resourcefulness__resourcefulnes the ability to deal resourcefully with unusual problems; "a man of resource"
subtype: armoury__armory__inventory a collection of resources; "he dipped into his intellectual armory to find an answer"
subtype: originality the ability to think and act independently
subtype: innovativeness originality by virtue of introducing new ideas
subtype: unconventionality.originality originality by virtue of being unconventional
subtype: novelty__freshness__freshnes originality by virtue of being new and surprising
subtype: skill__science ability to produce solutions in some problem domain; "the skill of a well-trained boxer"; "the sweet science of pugilism"
subtype: nose.skill a natural skill; "he has a nose for good deals"
subtype: virtuosity technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso
subtype: accomplishment__skill__acquirement__acquisition__attainment an ability that has been acquired by training
subtype: airmanship the art of flying airplane
subtype: craftsmanship__craft__workmanship skill in an occupation or trade
subtype: housecraft skill in domestic management
subtype: priestcraft the skills involved in the work of a priest
subtype: stagecraft skill in writing or staging plays
subtype: coup_de_theatre.stagecraft__coupdetheatre a sensational bit of stagecraft
subtype: tradecraft skill acquired through experience in a trade; "instructional designers are trained in something that might be called tradecraft"; often used to discuss skill in espionage; "the CIA chief of station accepted responsibility for his agents' failures of tradecraft"
subtype: watercraft skill in the management of boats
subtype: woodcraft skill in carving or fashioning objects from wood
subtype: horsemanship skill in handling and riding horses
subtype: marksmanship skill in shooting
subtype: literacy the ability to read and write
subtype: numeracy skill with numbers and mathematics
subtype: oarsmanship skill as an oarsman
subtype: salesmanship skill in selling; skill in persuading people to buy; "he read a book on salesmanship but it didn't help"
subtype: seamanship skill in sailing
subtype: boatmanship skill in handling boats
subtype: showmanship the ability to present something (especially theatrical shows) in an attractive manner
subtype: soldiering__soldiership skills that are required for the life of soldier
subtype: swordsmanship skill in fencing
subtype: hand.ability ability; "he wanted to try his hand at singing"
subtype: superior_skill more than ordinary ability
subtype: art__artistry__prowess__prowes a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; "the art of conversation"; "it's quite an art"
subtype: falconry the art of training falcons to hunt and return
subtype: homiletics the art of preaching
subtype: horology the art of designing and making clocks
subtype: minstrelsy the art of a minstrel
subtype: musicianship artistry in performing music
subtype: enology__oenology the art of wine making
subtype: puppetry.art the art of making puppets and presenting puppet shows
subtype: taxidermy the art of mounting the skins of animals so that they have lifelike appearance
subtype: ventriloquism__ventriloquy the art of projecting your voice so that it seems to come from another source (as from a ventriloquist's dummy)
subtype: mental_faculty__faculty__module one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
subtype: attention.mental_faculty the faculty or power of mental concentration; "keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention"
subtype: engrossment__absorption complete attention; intense mental effort
subtype: focussing__focu__focusing__centering the concentration of attention or energy on something; "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology"
subtype: particularism a focus on something particular
subtype: specialism the concentration of your efforts on a particular field of study or occupation
subtype: study.engrossment a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
subtype: mental_note speical attention with intent to remember; "he made a mental note to send her flowers"
subtype: watchfulness__vigilance__alertness__alertnes the process of paying close and continuous attention
subtype: jealousy zealous vigilance: "cherish their official political freedom with fierce jealousy"-Paul Blanshard
subtype: faculty_of_language__language__speech the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"
subtype: retention__memory__retentiveness__retentivenes the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger"
subtype: remembrance__anamnesis__anamnesi the ability to recall past occurrences
subtype: reason.mental_faculty__understanding__intellect the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil"
subtype: sentiency__sense__sensation__sentience__sensory_faculty__sensoryfaculty the faculty through which the external world is apprehended
subtype: sense_modality__sensemodality__modality__sensory_system__sensorysystem a particular sense
subtype: visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality the ability to see; the faculty of vision
subtype: achromatic_vision vision using the rods
subtype: visual_acuity__acuity__sharp-sightedness__sharpsightednes sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart)
subtype: oxyopia unusually acute vision
subtype: binocular_vision__binocularvision vision involving the use of both eyes
subtype: stereoscopic_vision__stereoscopy three-dimensional vision produced by the fusion of two slightly different views of a scene on each retina
subtype: central_vision__centralvision vision using the fovea and parafovea
subtype: color_vision__colorvision__chromatic_vision__chromaticvision__trichromacy the normal ability to see colors
subtype: distance_vision vision for objects that a 20 feet or more from the viewer
subtype: eyesight__seeing__sightedness__sightednes use of the faculty of vision
subtype: monocular_vision__monocularvision vision with only one eye
subtype: near_vision vision for objects 2 feet or closer to the viewer
subtype: night_vision__nightvision__nightsight__scotopic_vision__twilight_vision the ability to see in reduced illumination (as in moonlight)
subtype: daylight_vision__photopic_vision normal vision in daylight; vision with sufficient illumination that the cones are active and hue is perceived
subtype: foveal_vision vision with the fovea
subtype: peripheral_vision vision using only the periphery of the retina
subtype: somatosense any of the sensory systems that mediate sensations of pressure and tickle and warmth and cold and vibration and limb position and limb movement and pain
subtype: sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
subtype: kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
subtype: sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
subtype: ear.sense_of_hearing good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
subtype: absolute_pitch__perfect_pitch__perfectpitch the ability to identify the pitch of a tone
subtype: sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
subtype: sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality the faculty of smell
subtype: nose.sense_of_smell the sense of smell (especially in animals); "the hound has a good nose"
subtype: sensitivity.sentiency__sensitiveness__sensitivenes (physiology) responsiveness to external stimuli: "sensitivity to pain"
subtype: hypersensitivity extreme sensitivity
subtype: responsiveness.sensitivity__reactivity responsive to stimulation
subtype: excitability__irritability excessive sensitivity of an organ or body part
subtype: exteroception sensitivity to stimuli originating outside of the body
subtype: visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality the ability to see; the faculty of vision
subtype: sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
subtype: sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
subtype: sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
subtype: sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality the faculty of smell
subtype: interoception sensitivity to stimuli originating inside of the body
subtype: proprioception the ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts
subtype: kinesthesis__kinesthesi__kinaesthesis__kinesthesia__kinesthetics__muscle_sense__sense_of_movement the ability to feel movements of the limbs and body
subtype: kinanesthesia inability to sense movement
subtype: sense_of_equilibrium__equilibrium__labyrinthine_sense__vestibular_sense__sense_of_balance a sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head
subtype: somesthesis__somesthesi__somesthesia__somaesthesis__somatesthesia__somatatesthesis__somatatesthesi__somatosensory_system__somatosensorysystem__somatic_sensory_system__somaticsensorysystem__somatic_sense__somaticsense the faculty of bodily perception; sensory systems associated with the body; includes skin senses and proprioception and the internal organs
subtype: tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactility__touchperception__skinperceptivenes the faculty of perceiving (via the skin) pressure or heat or pain
subtype: kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
subtype: photosensitivity__radiosensitivity sensitivity to the action of radiant energy
subtype: volition__will the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention: "the exercise of their volition we construe as revolt"- George Meredith
subtype: velleity volition in its weakest form
subtype: inability lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something
subtype: mental_block__block an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block"
subtype: writer's_block an inability to write; "he had writer's block; the words wouldn't come"
subtype: stupidity a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience
subtype: dumbness__denseness__densenes__slowwittednes the quality of being mentally slow and limited
subtype: dulness__dulnes__dullnes__obtuseness the quality of being slow to understand
subtype: mental_retardation__retardation__backwardness__slowness__subnormality lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
subtype: mental_defectiveness__abnormality retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence
subtype: feeblemindedness severe mental deficiency
subtype: moronity__mental_deficiency mild mental retardation
subtype: idiocy__amentia extreme mental retardation
subtype: imbecility retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot
subtype: folly__foolishness__foolishnes__crazines the quality of being rash and foolish
subtype: inaptitude a lack of aptitude
subtype: talentlessness a lack of talent
subtype: incapableness__incapablenes lack of potential for development
subtype: imperfectibility__imperfectability the incapability of becoming perfect
subtype: incapacity.inability lack of intellectual power
subtype: unskillfulness a lack of cognitive skill
subtype: incoordination a lack of coordination of movements
subtype: ineptness__awkwardness__awkwardnes__clumsines__ineptitude__maladroitness__maladroitnes__slownes unskillfulness resulting from a lack of training
subtype: inefficiency unskillfulness resulting from a lack of efficiency
subtype: amateurishness something that demonstrates a lack of professional competency
subtype: illiteracy an inability to read
subtype: uncreativeness a lack of creativity
subtype: fruitlessness a lack of creative imagination
subtype: unoriginality.uncreativeness uncreativeness due to a lack of originality
subtype: triteness__tritenes__stalenes unoriginality as a result of being dull and hackneyed
subtype: camp.triteness something that is considered amusing not because of its originality but because of its unoriginality; "the livingroom was pure camp"
subtype: conventionality unoriginality as a result of being too conventional
subtype: incomprehension an inability to understand; "his incomprehension of the consequences"
subtype: lexis__lexi all of the words in a language; all word forms having meaning or grammatical function
subtype: lexicon__vocabulary__mental_lexicon a language user's knowledge of words
subtype: practice.cognition knowledge of how something is customarily done: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"
subtype: custom.practice__tradition a specific practice of long standing
subtype: habit.custom__wont an established custom; "it was their habit to dine at 7 every evening"
subtype: institution.custom a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; "the institution of marriage"; "he had become an institution in the theater"
subtype: normal__convention__pattern__rule__formula something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"
subtype: mores__more (sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group
subtype: code_of_conduct__code_of_behavior a set of conventional principles and expectations that are considered binding on any person who is a member of a particular group
subtype: courtly_love__courtlylove (medieval) a highly conventionalized code of conduct for lovers
subtype: knight_errantry (medieval) the code of conduct observed by a knight errant who is wandering in search of deeds of chivalry
subtype: protocol code of correct conduct: "safety protocols"; "academic protocol"
subtype: heritage practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; "a heritage of freedom"
subtype: standard_operating_procedure__SOP__S.O.P. the procedure that would normally be followed
subtype: cognitive_factor__cognitivefactor something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result
subtype: difficulty a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; "serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent"
subtype: trouble.difficulty a source of difficulty: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
subtype: can_of_worms (informal) a source of unpredictable trouble and complexity
subtype: deep_water serious trouble
subtype: growing_pains__growingpain problems that arise in enlarging an enterprise (especially in the early stages)
subtype: matter.trouble a problem; "is anything the matter?"
subtype: facer (a dated Briticism) a serious difficulty with which one is suddenly faced
subtype: killer a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"
subtype: pisser a very disagreeable difficulty
subtype: pitfall an unforeseen or unexpected difficulty
subtype: snorter.difficulty (British) something outstandingly difficult; "the problem was a real snorter"
subtype: deterrent__hindrance__impediment__handicap something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
subtype: albatross__albatros (figurative) something that hinders or handicaps; "she was an albatross around his neck"
subtype: bind something that hinders as if with bonds
subtype: obstacle.deterrent__obstruction something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted: "lack of immagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education"; "the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan"
subtype: barrier.obstacle any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; "intolerance is a barrier to understanding"
subtype: ideological_barrier__ideologicalbarrier a barrier to cooperation or interaction resulting from conflicting ideologies
subtype: iron_curtain an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy; used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries
subtype: bamboo_curtain an ideological barrier around communist China especially in the 1950s and 1960s
subtype: color_bar__colorbar__colour_bar__color_line__colorline__colourline__Jim_Crow barrier preventing blacks from participating in various activities with whites
subtype: language_barrier barrier to communication resulting from speaking different languages
subtype: rub__hang-up__hitch__snag an unforeseen obstacle
subtype: hurdle.obstacle an obstacle that you are expected to overcome; "the last hurdle before graduation"
subtype: stymie a thwarting and distressing situation
subtype: determining_factor__determiningfactor__determinant__determiner__determinative__causal_factor a determining or causal element or factor; "education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
subtype: decisive_factor__clincher a point or fact or remark that settles something conclusively
subtype: influence.determining_factor a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do; "her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
subtype: imponderable a factor whose effects cannot be accurately assessed: "human behavior depends on many imponderables"
subtype: leavening__leaven an influence that works subtly to lighten or modify something; "his sermons benefited from a leavening of humor"
subtype: imprint a distinctive influence; "English stills bears the imprint of the Norman invasion"
subtype: morale_builder something or someone who influences by building or strengthening morale
subtype: pestilence a pernicious evil influence
subtype: support.influence something providing immaterial support or assistance to a person or cause or interest; "the policy found little public support"; "his faith was all the support he needed"; "the team enjoyed the support of their fans"
subtype: anchor__mainstay__backbone__linchpin__lynchpin a central cohesive source of support and stability: "faith is his anchor"; "he is the linchpin of this firm"
subtype: temptation.influence__enticement something tempting or enticing
subtype: forbidden_fruit the original forbidden fruit was an apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden; it is now used to refer to anything that is tempting but dangerous (as sexuality)
subtype: bait__come-on__hook__lure__sweetener anything that serves as an enticement
subtype: allurement attractiveness; "its allure was its remoteness"
subtype: equivalent a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc: "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
subtype: opposite_number__counterpart__vis-a-vis a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another
subtype: match.opposite_number something that resembles or harmonizes with; "that tie makes a good match with your jacket"
subtype: complement.opposite_number either of two parts that mutually complete each other
subtype: replacement__substitute a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
subtype: successor a thing or person that immediately replaces something or someone
subtype: perception.cognition knowledge gained by perceiving; "a man admired for the depth of his perception"
subtype: discernment__perceptivenes perception of that which is obscure
subtype: insight__penetration clear or deep perception of a situation
subtype: cognizance range or scope of what is perceived
subtype: structure the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"
subtype: organisation__arrangement__organization__system an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"
subtype: classification_system a system for classifying things
subtype: hierarchical_classification_system a classification system where entries are arranged based on some hierarchical structure
subtype: rating_system__scoring_system__scoringsystem a system of classifying according to quality or merit or amount
subtype: file_system__filing_system a system of classifying into files (usually arranged alphabetically)
subtype: pigeonholing__grouping a system for classifying things into groups
subtype: ABO_blood_group_system__ABO_system__ABO_group a classification system for the antigens of human blood; used in blood transfusion therapy; four groups are A and B and AB and O
subtype: contrivance.organisation an artificial or unnatural or obviously contrived arrangement of details or parts etc.; "the plot contained too many improbable contrivances to be believable"
subtype: coordinate_system__frame_of_reference__reference_system__referencesystem__reference_frame__referenceframe a system that uses coordinates to establish position
subtype: inertial_reference_frame__inertial_frame a coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is valid
subtype: space-time_continuum__space-time__spacetime the 4-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located
subtype: data_structure the organization of data (and its storage allocations in a computer)
subtype: hierarchical_structure__hierarchical_data_structure a structure of data having several levels arranged in a tree-like structure
subtype: design.organisation__plan an arrangement scheme; "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"; "it was an excellent design for living"; "a plan for seating guests"
subtype: layout.design a plan or design of something that is laid out
subtype: trap.design__snare something (often something deceptively attractive) that catches you unawares; "the exam was full of trap questions"; "it was all a snare and delusion"
subtype: iron_trap a trap from which there is no escape
subtype: speed_trap__speedtrap a trap arranged on a roadway for catching speeders
subtype: hotel_plan__hotelplan__meal_plan a plan and a room rate for providing meals to guests at a hotel
subtype: American_plan a hotel plan that includes three meals daily
subtype: modified_American_plan a hotel plan that includes breakfast and dinner (but not lunch)
subtype: Bermuda_plan a hotel plan that provides a full breakfast daily
subtype: European_plan__continental_plan__continentalplan a hotel plan that provides a continental breakfast daily
subtype: statistical_distribution__statisticaldistribution__distribution an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence
subtype: frequency_distribution__frequencydistribution a distribution of observed frequencies of occurrence of the values of a variable
subtype: normal_distribution__Gaussian_distribution a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance
subtype: Poisson_distribution a theoretical distribution that is a good approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability is small and the number of trials is large
subtype: sample_distribution__sample items selected from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
subtype: random_sample a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
subtype: stratified_sample__representative_sample__proportional_sample the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum
subtype: binomial_distribution__Bernoulli_distribution a theoretical distribution of the number of successes in a finite set of independent trials with a constant probability of success
subtype: genetic_map__geneticmap graphical representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome
subtype: lattice an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions
subtype: space_lattice__spacelattice__crystal_lattice__crystallattice__Bravais_lattice a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal
subtype: living_arrangement an arrangement to allow people (or ideas) to co-exist
subtype: calendar.organisation a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year
subtype: lunar_calendar__lunarcalendar a calendar based on lunar cycles
subtype: Muhammadan_calendar__Mohammedan_calendar__Moslem_calendar__Muslim_calendar the lunar calendar used by Moslems; dates from 622 AD (the year of the Hegira); the beginning of the Moslem year retrogresses through the solar year completing the cycle every 32 years
instance: Roman_calendar
subtype: lunisolar_calendar__lunisolarcalendar a calendar based on both lunar and solar cycles
subtype: Jewish_calendar__Hebrew_calendar__hebrewcalendar (Judaism) the calendar used by the Jews; dates from 3761 BC (the assumed date of the creation of the world); a lunar year of 354 days is adjusted to the solar year by periodic leap years
subtype: Hindu_calendar the lunisolar calendar governing the religious life of Hindus; an extra month is inserted after every month in which there are two new moons (once every three years)
subtype: solar_calendar__solarcalendar a calendar based on solar cycles
subtype: Gregorian_calendar__New_Style the solar calendar now in general use, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 AD to correct an error in the Julian calendar by suppressing 10 days, making Oct 5 be called Oct 15, and providing that only centenary years divisible by 400 should be leap years; it was adopted by Great Britain and the American colonies in 1752
subtype: church_calendar__ecclesiastical_calendar a calendar of the Christian year indicating the dates of fasts and festivals
subtype: Julian_calendar__Old_Style the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February
subtype: Revolutionary_calendar the calendar adopted by The French First Republic in 1793 and abandoned in 1805; dates were calculated from Sept. 22, 1792
subtype: configuration__constellation an arrangement of parts or elements; "the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time"
subtype: unitization the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
subtype: redundancy.configuration (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails
subtype: form.structure__shape__pattern a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them"
subtype: fractal a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry
subtype: gestalt a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts
subtype: mosaic.form a pattern resembling a mosaic
subtype: strand.form a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole; "he tried to pick up the strands of his former life"; "I could hear several melodic strands simultaneously"
subtype: syntax__sentence_structure__phrase_structure the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
subtype: sound_structure__soundstructure__morphology__syllable_structure__word_structure the admissible arrangement of sounds in words
subtype: affixation the result of adding an affix to a root word
subtype: cognitive_content__cognitivecontent__content__mental_object the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
subtype: tradition an inherited pattern of thought or action
subtype: object.cognitive_content the focus of cognitions or feelings; "objects of thought"; "the object of my affection"
subtype: antipathy the object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided; "cats were his greatest antipathy"
subtype: center_of_attention__center the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party"
subtype: conversation_piece something interesting that stimulates conversation
subtype: cynosure something that strongly attracts attention (as the north star attracts mariners); "let faith be your cynosure to walk by"
subtype: eye-catcher__eyecatcher a striking person or thing that attracts attention
subtype: infatuation.object an object of extravagant short-lived passion
subtype: love.object__passion any object of warm affection or devotion; "the theater was her first love" or "he has a passion for cock fighting"
subtype: food_for_thought__food__intellectual_nourishment anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking
subtype: pabulum insipid intellectual nourishment
subtype: noumenon__thing-in-itself the intellectual conception of a thing as it is in itself, not as it is known through perception
subtype: universe_of_discourse__universe everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
subtype: topic__subject__issue__matter some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police"
subtype: res_judicata__resjudicata__res_adjudicata__resadjudicata a matter already settled in court; cannot be raised again
subtype: area.topic a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
subtype: gray_area__grey_area an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other
subtype: territory an area of knowledge or interest; "his questions covered a lot of territory"
subtype: issue an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; "the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone"; "politicians never discuss the real issues"
subtype: quodlibet an issue that is presented for formal disputation
subtype: idea.cognitive_content__thought the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"
subtype: inspiration.idea arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity
subtype: source.inspiration__seed__germ anything that provides inspiration for later work
subtype: muse the source of an artist's inspiration; "Euterpe was his muse"
subtype: mother.inspiration a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation; "necessity is the mother of invention"
subtype: afflatus a strong creative impulse; divine inspiration; "divine afflatus"
subtype: concept__conception__construct an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
subtype: conceptuality__conceptualization__conceptualisation an elaborated concept
subtype: perception.conceptuality a way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible"
subtype: notion a general inclusive concept
subtype: category a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
subtype: kind__sort__form__variety a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"
subtype: description.kind sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
subtype: type a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
subtype: nature.type a particular type of thing; "problems of this type are very difficult to solve"; "he's interested in trains and things of that nature"; "matters of a personal nature"
subtype: variant__variation something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone"
subtype: antitype an opposite or contrasting type
subtype: art_form__artform a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
subtype: architectural_style__architecturalstyle__style_of_architecture__type_of_architecture architecture as a kind of art form
subtype: Bauhaus a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918
subtype: Byzantine_architecture__Byzantine the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and minarets and much use of mosaics
subtype: classical_architecture__classicalarchitecture__grecoromanarchitecture architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
subtype: Greek_architecture the architecture of ancient Greece
subtype: Roman_architecture the architecture of ancient Rome
subtype: Gothic_architecture__Gothic a style of architecture developed in N France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
subtype: perpendicular_style__perpendicularstyle__perpendicular__English-Gothic__English-Gothic_architecture a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines, a four-centered (Tudor) arch, fan vaulting
subtype: Tudor_architecture a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
subtype: Romanesque_architecture__Romanesque a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades
subtype: Norman_architecture a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
subtype: Moorish_architecture__Moorish a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by the horseshoe (Moorish) arch
subtype: Victorian_architecture a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation
subtype: sonata_form a musical form having 3 sections -- exposition and development and recapitulation; characteristic of 1st movement of a sonata or symphony
subtype: style a particular kind (as to appearance); "this style of shoe is in demand"
subtype: flavor__flavour (high energy physics) the kinds of quarks and antiquarks
subtype: colour.quark__color (high energy physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
subtype: species.kind__specie__variety a specific kind of something: "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
subtype: genus.kind__genu a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
subtype: make__brand a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
subtype: genre.kind a kind of literary or artistic work
subtype: ilk a kind of person; "I don't like people of his ilk"
subtype: manner a kind; "what manner of man are you?"
subtype: model a type of product; "his car was an old model"
subtype: the_like__thelike__the_likes_of__thelikesof a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we don't want the likes of you around here"
subtype: pigeonhole a specific (often simplistic) category
subtype: rubric.category category name; "it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'"
subtype: way.category a general category of things; used in the expression "in the way of": "they didn't have much in the way of clothing"
subtype: rule__regulation a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
subtype: restriction.rule__limitation a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
subtype: quantification.restriction a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
subtype: restraint.restriction a rule or condition that limits freedom; "legal restraints"; "restraints imposed on imports"
subtype: guidepost__guideline__rule_of_thumb a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior
subtype: cy_pres_doctrine__cy_pres__cypre__rule_of_cy_pres a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as nearly as possible
subtype: working_principle__workingprinciple__working_rule__workingrule a rule that is adequate to permit work to be done
subtype: abstract__abstraction a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"
subtype: right an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature: "they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights"; "Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people"- Eleanor Roosevelt; "a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away"
subtype: access.right the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership)
subtype: advowson the right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice
subtype: cabotage.right the exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders
subtype: claim.right__title an informal right to something: "his claim on her attentions"; "his title to fame"
subtype: due that which is deserved or owed: "give the devil his due"
subtype: admittance__entree__access the right to enter
subtype: door.admittance anything providing a means of access (or escape); "we closed the door to Haitian immigrants"; "education is the door to success"
subtype: open_door freedom of access; "he maintained an open door for all employees"
subtype: floor.right the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
subtype: grant.right a right or privilege that has been granted
subtype: human_right__humanright any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
subtype: right_to_privacy right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
subtype: right_to_life the right to live
subtype: right_to_liberty the right to be free
subtype: right_to_the_pursuit_of_happiness the right to try to find happiness
subtype: freedom_of_thought the right to hold unpopular ideas
subtype: equality_before_the_law the right to equal protection of the laws
subtype: civil_right__civilright__civil_rights right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
subtype: civil_liberty__civilliberty fundamental individual right protected by law and expressed as immunity from unwarranted governmental interference
subtype: habeas_corpus right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
subtype: freedom_of_religion guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_speech guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_the_press guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_assembly right peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances; guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_to_bear_arms guaranteed by the 2nd amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_search_and_seizure__freedomfromsearchandseizure guaranteed by the 4th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_due_process guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution; reaffirmed by the 14th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_self-incrimination__freedomfromselfincrimination guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_double_jeopardy guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_speedy_and_public_trial_by_jury guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_an_attorney guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_confront_accusors guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_cruel_and_unusual_punishment guaranteed by the 8th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_involuntary_servitude guaranteed by the 13th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: equal_protection_of_the_laws guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_discrimination freedom from discrimination on the basis of race or sex or nationality or religion or age; guaranteed by US Federal laws
subtype: equal_opportunity__equalopportunity equivalent opportunities for employment regardless of race or color or sex or national origin
subtype: legal_right__legalright a right based in law
subtype: compulsory_process the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
subtype: preemption.legal_right__pre-emption__preemption the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
subtype: title.legal_right__claim an established or recognized right: "a strong legal claim to the property"; "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"; "he staked his claim"
subtype: own_right__ownright by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved; "a peer in his own right"; "a leading sports figure in his own right": "a fine opera in its own right"
subtype: entitlement right granted by law or contract esp to benefits
subtype: eminent_domain__eminentdomain the right of the state to take private property for public use; the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution requires that just compensation be made
subtype: franchise.legal_right a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the right to vote)
subtype: right_to_vote__vote__suffrage a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920"
subtype: patent_right the right granted by a patent; especially the exclusive right to an invention
subtype: right_of_election in probate law: the legal right of a surviving spouse to elect to take either what the deceased spouse gave under the will or the share of the estate as set forth by statute
subtype: right_of_entry the legal right to take possession of real estate in a peaceable manner
subtype: right_of_re-entry the legal right to resume possession (a right that was reserved when a former possession was parted with)
subtype: right_of_privacy a legal right (not explicitly provided in the US Constitution) to be left alone; the right to live life free from unwarranted publicity
subtype: use.legal_right__enjoyment (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"
subtype: fair_use the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
subtype: usufruct a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way
subtype: copyright__rightoffirstpublication a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
subtype: land_tenure__tenure the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands
subtype: copyhold a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
subtype: freehold tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
subtype: villeinage tenure by which a villein held land
subtype: preemption.right__pre-emption__preemption the right to purchase something in advance of others
subtype: preemptive_right the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest
subtype: subscription_right the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public
subtype: prerogative__privilege__perquisite__exclusive_right__exclusiveright a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males"
subtype: easement (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)
subtype: public_easement__publiceasement any easement enjoyed by the public in general (as the public's right to use public streets)
subtype: right_of_way.easement__rightofway the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
subtype: privilege_of_the_floor the right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in session
subtype: privilege (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
subtype: attorney-client_privilege the right of a lawyer to refuse to divulge confidential information from his client
subtype: informer's_privilege the right of the government to refuse to reveal the identity of an informer
subtype: journalist's_privilege the right of a journalist to refuse to divulge sources of confidential information
subtype: marital_communications_privilege__husband-wife_privilege neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from the other while they were married
subtype: physician-patient_privilege__physicianpatientprivilege the right of a physician to refuse to divulge confidential information from a patient without the consent of the patient
subtype: priest-penitent_privilege the right of a clergyman to refuse to divulge confidential information received from a person during confession or similar exchanges
subtype: right_of_search the right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them
subtype: right_of_way.right__rightofway the right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another
subtype: states'_rights the rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution
subtype: voting_right the right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company
subtype: water_right__waterright__riparian_right right of access to water
subtype: absolute something that is conceived to be absolute; something that does not depends on anything else and is beyond human control; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
subtype: teacher a personified abstraction that teaches; "books were his teachers"; "experience is a demanding teacher"
subtype: thing.abstract a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
subtype: quantity something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
subtype: quantum (physics) the smallest quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
subtype: term.quantity any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
subtype: numerical_quantity__numericalquantity a quantity expressed as a number
subtype: zero_point__zero the quantity that registers a reading of zero on a scale
subtype: value.numerical_quantity a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
subtype: scale_value a value on some scale of measurement
subtype: voter_turnout__voterturnout__vote the total number of votes cast; "they are hoping for a large vote"
subtype: operand a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
subtype: variable_quantity__variable a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
subtype: independent_variable__independentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
subtype: correlate either of two correlated variables
subtype: degree_of_freedom an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution
subtype: dependent_variable__dependentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable; if f(x)=y, y is the dependent variable
subtype: random_variable__variate__variant__stochasticvariable__chance_variable a variable quantity that is random
subtype: scalar a variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components
subtype: tensor.variable_quantity a generalization of the concept of a vector
subtype: vector a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
subtype: vector_product__cross_product__crossproduct a vector that is the product of two other vectors
subtype: vector_sum__resultant a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors
subtype: radius_vector a line connecting a point in space to the origin of a polar coordinate system
subtype: radius_vector.vector__radiusvector a line connecting a satellite to the center of the body around which it is rotating
subtype: constant_quantity__constant a quantity that does not vary
subtype: parametric_quantity__parameter a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves
subtype: degree_of_freedom.parametric_quantity__degreeoffreedom one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
subtype: parameter.quantity a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
subtype: mathematical_product__product a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6"
subtype: factorial the product of all the integers up to and including a given integer; "1, 2, 6, 24, and 120 are factorials"
subtype: multiple the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
subtype: double a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
subtype: triple a quantity that is three times as great as another
subtype: quadruple a quantity that is four times as great as another
subtype: lowest_common_multiple__least_common_multiple__lcm the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
subtype: total__sum a quantity obtained by addition
subtype: polynomial a mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms
subtype: monic_polynomial__monicpolynomial a polynomial in one variable
subtype: quadratic_polynomial__quadraticpolynomial__quadratic a polynomial of the second degree
subtype: biquadratic_polynomial__biquadraticpolynomial__biquadratic__quartic_polynomial__quarticpolynomial a polynomial of the fourth degree
subtype: series.polynomial (mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
subtype: power_series the sum of terms containing successively higher integral powers of a variable
subtype: convergency the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit
subtype: divergency__divergence an infinite series that has no limit
subtype: geometric_series a geometric progression written as a sum
subtype: Fourier_series the sum of a series of trigonometric expressions; used in the analysis of periodic functions
subtype: exponential_series a series derived from the expansion of an exponential expression
subtype: proportional one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
subtype: quotient a quantity obtained by division
subtype: difference.quantity a quantity obtained by subtraction; "profit is a positive difference between income and expenses"
subtype: binomial a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms
subtype: part__section__division one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole: "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
subtype: beginning.part the first part or section of something: "`It was a dark and stormy night' is a hackneyed beginning for a story"
subtype: middle an intermediate part or section: "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
subtype: end.part a final part or section: "we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus"; "Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end"
subtype: high_point the most enjoyable part of a given experience; "the trumpet solo was the high point of the concert"
subtype: component.part__constituent__factor__ingredient an abstract part of something: "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
subtype: mathematical_point__point a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
subtype: point_of_intersection__intersection__intersection_point a point where lines intersect
subtype: vertex the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
subtype: intercept the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
subtype: whole all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
subtype: unit.whole a single undivided whole; "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
subtype: one a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
subtype: compound a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
subtype: composite__complex a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
subtype: hybrid a composite of mixed origin; "the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices"
subtype: syndrome.composite a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
subtype: natural_law__naturallaw__law a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
subtype: divine_law a law that is believed to come directly from God
subtype: principle.natural_law a basic truth or law or assumption: "the principles of democracy"
subtype: dictate a guiding principle: "the dictates of reason"
subtype: fundamentals__basics__fundamental_principle__fundamentalprinciple__basic_principle__basicprinciple__bedrock principles from which other truths can be derived; "first you must learn the fundamentals"; "let's get down to basics"
subtype: first_rudiment__firstrudiment__rudiment__first_principle__firstprinciple__alphabet__ABC__ABC's__ABCs the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered the rudiments of geometry"
subtype: logic.principle the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war"
subtype: pleasure_principle__pleasure-pain_principle__pleasure-unpleasure_principle (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id; the principle that an infant seeks gratification and fails to distinguish fantasy from reality
subtype: reality_principle__realityprinciple (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego; the principle that as a child grows it becomes aware of the real environment and the need to accommodate to it
subtype: conservation.principle (physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations
subtype: conservation_of_charge__conservation_of_electricity the principle that the total electric charge of a system remains constant despite changes inside the system
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_mass__lawofconservationofmas__conservationofmas__conservation_of_matter__law_of_conservation_of_matter a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
subtype: conservation_of_momentum the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
subtype: conservation_of_parity__parity__space-reflection_symmetry__mirror_symmetry (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system
instance: Tao
subtype: sound_law__soundlaw a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
subtype: Grimm's_law a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
subtype: Verner's_law a qualification of Grimm's law
subtype: law_of_nature__law a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature: "the laws of thermodynamics"
subtype: all-or-none_law__allornonelaw (neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
subtype: principle.law_of_nature__rule a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system: "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields"
subtype: Le_Chatelier's_principle__Le_Chatelier's_law__Le_Chatelier_principle__Le_Chatelier-Braun_principle the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change
subtype: Gresham's_Law (economics) the principle that when two kinds of money having the same denominational value are in circulation the intrinsically more valuable money will be hoarded and the money of lower intrinsic value will circulate more freely until the intrinsically more valuable money is driven out of circulation; bad money drives out good; credited to Sir Thomas Gresham
subtype: Naegele's_rule rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date
subtype: Occam's_Razor__Ockham's_Razor__principle_of_parsimony__law_of_parsimony the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred
subtype: principle_of_equivalence (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference
subtype: principle_of_liquid_displacement (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid
subtype: Huygens'_principle_of_superposition__principle_of_superposition the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point; "the principle of superposition is the basis of the wave theory of light"
subtype: mass-action_principle__mass_action (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning
subtype: localization_of_function__localisation_of_function__localization_principle__localisation_principle__localization__localisation (neurology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in the cortex of the brain
subtype: lateralization__lateralisation__laterality localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain
subtype: Archimedes'_principle__law_of_Archimedes (hydrostatics) the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
subtype: Avogadro's_law__Avogadro's_hypothesis the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules
subtype: Bernoulli's_law__law_of_large_numbers (statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
subtype: Bose-Einstein_statistics (physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
subtype: Boyle's_law__Mariotte's_law the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
subtype: Coulomb's_Law a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
subtype: Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures__Dalton's_law__law_of_partial_pressures (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
subtype: distribution_law (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
subtype: Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution_law__Boltzmann_distribution_law (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium
subtype: equilibrium_law__law_of_chemical_equilibrium (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
subtype: Fechner's_law__Weber-Fechner_law (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
subtype: Fermi-Dirac_statistics (physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
subtype: Gay-Lussac's_law__Charles'_law__law_of_volumes the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature
subtype: Henry's_law (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
subtype: Hooke's_law (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
subtype: Hubble's_law__Hubble_law (astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
subtype: Kepler's_law_of_planetary_motion__Kepler's_law (astronomy) one of three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler
subtype: Kepler's_first_law a law stating that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
subtype: Kepler's_second_law__law_of_areas__law_of_equal_areas a law concerning the speed at which planets travel; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times; "Kepler's second law means that a planet's orbital speed changes with its distance from the sun"
subtype: Kepler's_third_law__harmonic_law a law stating that the ratio of the square of the revolutionary period (in years) to the cube of the orbital axis (in astronomical units) is the same for all planets
subtype: Kirchhoff's_laws (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: (1) the sum of all the currents at a point is zero; (2) the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
subtype: law_of_averages a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
subtype: law_of_constant_proportion__law_of_definite_proportions (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
subtype: law_of_diminishing_returns a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
subtype: law_of_effect (psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
subtype: law_of_equivalent_proportions__law_of_reciprocal_proportions (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together
subtype: Newton's_law_of_gravitation__newton'slawofgravitation__law_of_gravitation (physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: law_of_multiple_proportions__Dalton's_law (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
subtype: law_of_mass_action (chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
subtype: law_of_thermodynamics (physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
subtype: second_law_of_thermodynamics a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature; any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
subtype: third_law_of_thermodynamics law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero
subtype: zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics the law that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then the first two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: Mendel's_law (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
subtype: law_of_segregation members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
subtype: law_of_independent_assortment each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
subtype: Newton's_law_of_motion__Newton's_law__law_of_motion one of three basic laws of classical mechanics
subtype: Newton's_first_law_of_motion__first_law_of_motion__Newton's_first_law a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
subtype: Newton's_second_law_of_motion__second_law_of_motion__Newton's_second_law the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force
subtype: Newton's_third_law_of_motion__third_law_of_motion__Newton's_third_law__law_of_action_and_reaction action and reaction are equal and opposite
subtype: Ohm's_law electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
subtype: Pascal's_law_of_fluid_pressures__Pascal's_law pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid; "the hydraulic press is an application of Pascal's law"
subtype: Pauli_exclusion_principle__exclusion_principle no two electrons or protons or neutrons in a given system can be in states characterized by the same set of quantum numbers
subtype: periodic_law__Mendeleev's_law (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
subtype: Planck's_law (physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is give by Planck's constant
subtype: Planck's_radiation_law (physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
subtype: principle_of_relativity (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
subtype: Weber's_law (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus; "Weber's law explains why you don't notice your headlights are on in the daytime"
subtype: lexicalized_concept__lexicalizedconcept a concept that is expressed by a word (in some particular language)
subtype: hypothesis.concept__possibility a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
subtype: theoretical_account__theoreticalaccount__model__framework a simplified description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
subtype: computer_simulation__simulation (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
subtype: mean_sun a theoretical sun that moves along the celestial equator at a constant speed and completes its annual course in the same amount of time the real sun takes at variable speeds
subtype: Copernican_system Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun
subtype: Ptolemaic_system Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center
subtype: stochastic_process a statistical process involving a number of random variables depending on a variable parameter (which is usually time)
subtype: Markov_process__Markoff_process a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
subtype: Markov_chain__Markoff_chain a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
subtype: stationary_stochastic_process a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
subtype: graph_model
subtype: Conceptual_Graph_model
subtype: RDF_model
subtype: KADS_model
subtype: KADS1_model
subtype: KADS1_layer_of_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_inference_layer
subtype: KADS1_task_layer
subtype: KADS1_domain_layer
subtype: KADS1_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_problem_solving_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_communication_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_cooperation_expertise
subtype: KADS1_strategy_layer
subtype: KADS1_Conceptual_Model
subtype: speculation a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence); "speculations about the outcome of the election"; "he dismissed it as mere conjecture"
subtype: supposal__assumption__supposition a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
subtype: conclusion an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion"
subtype: non_sequitur.conclusion__nonsequitur (logic) a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
subtype: fundament__basis__basi__base__foundation__groundwork__cornerstone the fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
subtype: given__presumption an assumption that is taken for granted
subtype: basic_assumption__basicassumption__constatation__self-evident_truth an assumption that is basic to an argument
subtype: fact.concept a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
subtype: theory a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
subtype: reductionism.theory a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
subtype: blastogenesis__blastogenesi theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm
subtype: theory_of_preformation__preformation a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
subtype: scientific_theory a theory that explains scientific observations; "scientific theories must be falsifiable"
subtype: big-bang_theory__big_bang_theory (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
subtype: nebular_hypothesis the theory that the solar system evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
subtype: planetesimal_hypothesis the theory that the solar system was formed by the gravitational accumulation of planetesimals
subtype: Newton's_theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravity__gravitational_theory__gravitationaltheory (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: organicism theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes
subtype: atomic_theory a theory in which matter consists of atoms
subtype: atomic_theory.scientific_theory__atomictheory a theory of the structure of the atom
subtype: Bohr_theory (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
subtype: Rutherford_atom first modern concept of atomic structure; all of the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are contained in a compact nucleus; a number of electrons (equal to the atomic number) occupy the rest of the volume of the atom and neutralize the positive charge
subtype: cell_theory (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
subtype: wave_theory_of_light__wave_theory__undulatory_theory the theory that light is transmitted as waves
subtype: corpuscular_theory_of_light__corpuscular_theory__corpusculartheory the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_gases__kinetictheoryofgase__kinetic_theory__kinetictheory a theory that gases consist of small particles in random movement
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_heat a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
subtype: Einstein's_theory_of_relativity__relativity__theory_of_relativity__relativity_theory (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
subtype: general_relativity_theory__general_relativity__generalrelativity__general_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_general_theory_of_relativity a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
subtype: special_relativity_theory__special_relativity__specialrelativity__special_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_special_theory_of_relativity a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
subtype: supersymmetry a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang"
subtype: quantum_theory__quantumtheory a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
subtype: uncertainty_principle__uncertaintyprinciple__indeterminacy_principle__indeterminacyprinciple the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
subtype: germ_theory the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
subtype: information_theory__informationtheory a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
subtype: Arrhenius_theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_electrolytic_dissociation (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
subtype: theory_of_evolution__theory_of_organic_evolution (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
subtype: Darwinism a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
subtype: Neo-Darwinism a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
subtype: Lamarckism a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
subtype: Neo-Lamarckism a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
subtype: Ostwald's_theory_of_indicators__theory_of_indicators (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
subtype: theory_of_inheritance a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
subtype: Mendelism__Mendelianism the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
subtype: game_theory__theory_of_games a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
subtype: economic_theory (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
subtype: consumerism.economic_theory the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
subtype: Keynesianism the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment
subtype: liberalism.economic_theory an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard
subtype: Malthusianism__Malthusian_theory Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence
subtype: monetarism an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money
subtype: structural_sociology__structuralism a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
subtype: structural_anthropology__structuralism an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
subtype: linguistic_rule__rule a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
subtype: grammatical_rule__grammaticalrule__ruleofgrammar a linguistic rule for the syntax of grammatical utterances
subtype: preoccupation an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
subtype: obsession__fixation an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone
subtype: hang-up (informal) an emotional preoccupation
subtype: hobbyhorse a topic to which on constantly reverts: "don't get him started on his hobbyhorse"
subtype: self-absorption__selfabsorption preoccupation with yourself to the exclusion of everything else
subtype: misconception an incorrect conception
subtype: fallacy__falsebelief a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning
subtype: pseudoscience an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions
subtype: astrology__stardivination a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon
subtype: horoscopy the drawing up and interpretation of horoscopes
subtype: alchemy a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
subtype: logical_fallacy a fallacy in logical argumentation
subtype: hysteron_proteron the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved
subtype: ignoratio_elenchi__ignoratioelenchi the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue
subtype: petitio_principii__petitio the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question
subtype: post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc__post_hoc the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation
subtype: pathetic_fallacy the fallacy of attributing human feelings to inanimate objects; `the friendly sun' is an example of the pathetic fallacy
subtype: sophism a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone
subtype: paralogism an unintentionally invalid argument
subtype: erroneous_belief__erroneousbelief__error a misconception resulting from incorrect information
subtype: self-deception__self-deceit a misconception that is favorable to the person who holds it
subtype: misunderstanding__mistake__misapprehension an understanding of something that is not correct; "he wasn't going to admit his mistake"; "make no mistake about his intentions"; "there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister"
subtype: illusion.misconception__fantasy__fancy something many people believe that is false; "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy"
subtype: bubble.illusion an impracticable and illusory idea; "he didn't want to burst the newcomer's bubble"
subtype: will-o'-the-wisp__ignis_fatuus an illusion that misleads
subtype: wishful_thinking__wishfulthinking the illusion that what you wish for is actually true
subtype: delusion a mistaken opinion or idea; "he has delusions of competence"
subtype: freak_out__freakout__disorientation a wild delusion (especially one induced by a hallucinogenic drug)
subtype: mirage something illusory and unattainable
subtype: plan__program__programme a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
subtype: outline.plan__schema__scheme a schematic or preliminary plan
subtype: master_plan a long-term outline of a project or government function: "the zoning board adopted a master plan for the new development"
subtype: blueprint.plan__design__pattern something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt"
subtype: plan_of_action a plan for actively doing something
subtype: play.plan_of_action a preset plan of action in team sports; "the coach drew up the plays for her team"
subtype: knock_on__knockon (Rugby) knocking the ball forward while trying to catch it (a foul)
subtype: football_play a play by the offensive team in a football game
subtype: touchback (American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone
subtype: running_play__runningplay__running__running_game__runninggame a football play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"
subtype: draw_play__draw the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage
subtype: return.running_play the act of running back the football after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble
subtype: rush.running_play__rushing (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush"
subtype: end_run__endrun__sweep (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line
subtype: passing_play__passingplay__pass__passing_game__passinggame__passing a football play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long"
subtype: forward_pass__aerial a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer
subtype: screen_pass a forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers
subtype: lateral_pass__lateral a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer
subtype: handoff a football play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate
subtype: tackle.football_play (football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground
subtype: razzle-dazzle__razzle__razzmatazz__razmataz any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent
subtype: basketball_play a play executed by a basketball team
subtype: pick a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body; "he was called for setting an illegal pick"
subtype: switch.basketball_play a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other
subtype: give-and-go a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass
subtype: baseball_play a play executed by a baseball team
subtype: double_play the act of getting two players out on one play
subtype: triple_play the act of getting three players out on one play
subtype: squeeze_play__squeezeplay a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch
subtype: suicide_squeeze_play__suicidesqueezeplay__suicide_squeeze__suicidesqueeze the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball
subtype: safety_squeeze_play__safety_squeeze the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully
subtype: policy.plan_of_action a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
subtype: activism a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal
subtype: obscurantism.policy a policy of opposition to enlightenment or the spread of knowledge
subtype: battle_plan plan for conducting a battle
subtype: system.plan_of_action a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
subtype: credit_system a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit
subtype: legal_system__legalsystem a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws
subtype: bail the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial); "he is out on bail"
subtype: jury_system a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit
subtype: patent_system a legal system for protecting the rights of inventors
subtype: tax_system__taxsystem a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes
subtype: voting_system__electoral_system__electoralsystem a legal system for making democratic choices
subtype: uninominal_system__uninominal_voting_system__single-member_system__scrutin_uninomial_system__scrutinuninomialsystem__scrutin_uninominal_voting_system based on the principle of having only one member (as of a legislature) selected from each electoral district
subtype: list_system__scrutin_de_liste__scrutin_de_liste_system based on the principle of proportional representation; voters choose between party lists, the number elected from each list being determined by the percentage cast for each list out of the total vote
subtype: pricing_system__pricingsystem a system for setting prices on goods or services
subtype: promotion_system__promotionsystem a system for advancing participants to higher-status positions
subtype: tactic__maneuver__manoeuvre a plan for attaining a particular goal
subtype: strategy__scheme an elaborate and systematic plan of action
subtype: stratagem__contrivance__dodge an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade; "his testimony was just a contrivance to throw us off the track"
subtype: plant.stratagem something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
subtype: wangle__wangling an instance of accomplishing something by scheming or trickery
subtype: game_plan a plan for achieving an objective (especially in some sport)
subtype: house_of_cards__bubble a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control; "his proposal was nothing but a house of cards"; "a real estate bubble"
subtype: secret_plan__plot a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor"
subtype: counterplot a plot intended to subvert another plot
subtype: machination covert and involved plotting to achieve your ends
subtype: priestcraft.machination a derogatory reference to priests who use their influence to control secular or political affairs
subtype: cabal__conspiracy a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)
subtype: Gunpowder_Plot a conspiracy in 1605 in England to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament to avenge the persecution of Catholics in England; led by Guy Fawkes
subtype: waiting_game__waitinggame a strategy of delay
subtype: incentive_program__incentiveprogram__incentive_scheme__incentivescheme a formal scheme for inducing someone (as employees) to do something
subtype: travel_plan__itinerary a proposed route of travel
subtype: regimen__regime (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)
subtype: project__projection a planned undertaking
subtype: money-spinner__moneyspinner__moneymaker__cash_cow a project that generates a continuous flow of money
subtype: software__software_system__software_package__package (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"
subtype: alpha_software__alphasoftware a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers
subtype: authoring_language__authoringlanguage software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming
subtype: beta_software pre-release software that has received an alpha test but still has more bugs than a regular release; "beta software is usually available only to particular users who will test it"
subtype: compatible_software software that can run on different computers without modification
subtype: compatible_software.software__compatiblesoftware application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together
subtype: computer-aided_design__CAD software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing
subtype: freeware software that is provided without charge
subtype: groupware software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space
subtype: operating_system__operatingsystem__OS (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services
subtype: DOS__disk_operating_system an operating system that is on a disk
subtype: MS-DOS__Microsoft_disk_operating_system an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers
subtype: UNIX__UNIX_operating_system__UNIX_system a powerful operating system developed at the Bell Telephone Laboratories
subtype: computer_program__program__programme__computer_programme (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"
subtype: application_program__applicationprogram__application__applications_programme a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications"
subtype: active_application an application that is currently running and in the foreground
subtype: applet a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface
subtype: web_browser__webbrowser__browser a program used to view HTML documents
subtype: Mosaic a freeware browser
subtype: Netscape a commercial browser
subtype: natural_language_processor__natural_language_processing_application an application program that deals with natural language text
subtype: disambiguator (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
subtype: job.application_program (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
subtype: word_processor__word_processing_system an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer
subtype: editor_program__editor (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data
subtype: linkage_editor__linkageeditor an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules
subtype: text_editor (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files
subtype: Emacs_text_editor
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: hierarchy_editor__hierarchyeditor a graph editor tailored to ease the display and edition of hierarchies
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: hyperbolic_graph_editor
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: Charger
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: loop.computer_program a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied
subtype: patch.computer_program a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
subtype: assembler__assembly_program a program to convert assembly language into machine language
subtype: checking_program a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors
subtype: compiler__compiling_program__compilingprogram (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program
subtype: C_compiler a compiler for programs written in C
subtype: Fortran_compiler a compiler for programs written in Fortran
subtype: LISP_compiler a compiler for programs written in LISP
subtype: Pascal_compiler a compiler for programs written in Pascal
subtype: debugger a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors
subtype: user_interface__interface (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
subtype: command_line_interface__CLI a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon
subtype: graphical_user_interface__GUI a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device
subtype: 2D_user_interface
subtype: 3D_user_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: graph_visualization_interface__graphvisualizationinterface
subtype: display-only_graph_viewer
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: user_interface
subtype: non-graphical_user_interface
subtype: procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: RPC_interface__Remote_Procedure_Call_interface__remoteprocedurecallinterface
subtype: API__application_programming_interface__applicationprogramminginterface
subtype: command_based_interface__commandbasedinterface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: OKBC_interface
subtype: CGI-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: direct_command_based_interface__shell
subtype: sh
subtype: ksh
subtype: csh
subtype: graphical_user_interface
subtype: network-accessible_interface
subtype: Web_based_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: CGI_based_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: interpretive_program__interpreter (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time
subtype: job_control__jobcontrol a program that is called to prepare each job to be run
subtype: library_program__libraryprogram a program in a program library
subtype: monitor_program__monitoring_program a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
subtype: object_program__target_program a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer
subtype: source_program a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language
subtype: relocatable_program__relocatableprogram a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
subtype: reusable_program a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: search_engine a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)
subtype: self-adapting_program a program that can change its performance in response to its environment
subtype: spreadsheet a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen
subtype: supervisory_program__supervisoryprogram__supervisor__executive_program__executiveprogram a program that controls the execution of other programs
subtype: syntax_checker a program to check natural language syntax
subtype: system_program__systems_program__systemsprogram__systems_software__systemssoftware a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer
subtype: translating_program__translatingprogram__translator a program that translates one programming language into another
subtype: utility_program__utilityprogram__utility__service_program__serviceprogram (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer; "a computer system provides utility programs to perform the tasks needed by most users"
subtype: device_driver__driver (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
subtype: diagnostic_program a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program
subtype: input_program__inputprogram a utility program that organizes the input to a computer
subtype: output_program a utility program that organizes the output of a computer
subtype: sort_program__sorting_program__sortingprogram a utility program that sorts data items
subtype: trace_program__traceprogram a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program
subtype: snapshot_program a trace program that produces output for selected conditions
subtype: script program witten with an interpreted language
subtype: class_script__classscript script associated to a class
subtype: object_script script associated to a class instance (that is not a class itself
subtype: global_script script that is not associated to an object or a class
subtype: program_written_in_a_certain_language
subtype: LISP_program a program written in LISP
subtype: FORTRAN_program a program written in FORTRAN
subtype: C_program a program written in C
subtype: subroutine__routine__subprogram__procedure__function a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
subtype: cataloged_procedure__catalogedprocedure a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name
subtype: contingency_procedure__contingencyprocedure an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises
subtype: library_routine__libraryroutine a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
subtype: random_number_generator a routine designed to yield a random number
subtype: recursive_routine__recursiveroutine a routine that can call itself
subtype: reusable_routine a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: supervisory_routine__supervisoryroutine__executive_routine__executiveroutine a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines
subtype: tracing_routine a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program
subtype: utility_routine__utilityroutine__service_routine__serviceroutine a routine that can be used as needed
subtype: dump_routine a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium
subtype: input_routine__inputroutine a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store
subtype: output_routine a routine that controls an output device
subtype: shareware software that has been copyrighted but is sold to users with permission to copy it and give it to others
subtype: shrink-wrapped_software software on cd-roms that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)
subtype: supervisory_software__supervisorysoftware specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
subtype: software_documentation__documentation program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
subtype: DBMS__database_management_system a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database
subtype: RDBMS__relational_database_management_system a database management system designed to manage a relational database
subtype: ODBMS__OODBMS__object-oriented_database_management_system $("ODBMS" added as key, "OODBMS" added)$a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database
subtype: ORDBMS__object-relational_DBMS__extended_RDBM DBMS mixing features from RDBMSs and ODBMSs but not being a genuine RDBMS nor ODBMS
subtype: in_memory_ORDBMS
subtype: Gigabase
subtype: DDBMS
subtype: in_memory_DBMS__IMDBMS DBMS loading/mapping the whole database in main memory before answering a query
subtype: in_memory_ODBMS
subtype: FastDB
subtype: federated_DBMS__multi_DBMS
subtype: IR_system
subtype: distributed_IR_system
subtype: distributed_hypertext_IR_system__distributedhypertextirsystem e.g. the WWW
subtype: WWW
subtype: Semantic_Web
subtype: hypertext_system__hypertextsystem a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
subtype: KM_tool__knowledge_management_tool
subtype: knowledge_base_system__KBS
subtype: KBMS
subtype: graph_based_KBMS
subtype: SNEPSwD
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CGWorld
subtype: PROLOG\+CG
subtype: CoGITaNT
subtype: Notio
subtype: WebKB
subtype: WebKB-1__WebKB_private_annotation_tool
subtype: WebKB-2__WebKB_shared_annotation_tool
subtype: inference_engine__inferenceengine
subtype: KA_tool
subtype: KADS_tool
subtype: terminological_analysis_tool
subtype: ACABIT
subtype: LEXTER
subtype: TERMS
subtype: XTract
subtype: knowledge_based_IR_system
subtype: WebKB
subtype: CGKAT
subtype: knowledge_interface_generator__knowledgeinterfacegenerator
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: language/structure_specific_tool
subtype: CG_related_tool__cgrelatedtool
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: NL_parser_with_CG_output
subtype: ontology_management_tool
subtype: FCA_tool
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: agenda__docket__schedule a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
subtype: menu.agenda__fare an agenda of things to do; "they worked rapidly down the menu of reports"
subtype: pension_plan__pensionplan__retirement_plan__retirement_program a plan for setting aside money to be spent after retirement
subtype: individual_retirement_account__IRA a self-funded retirement plan that allows you to contribute a limited yearly sum toward your retirement; taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred
subtype: employee_savings_plan a plan that allows employees to contribute to an investment pool managed the employer
subtype: 401-k_plan__401kplan__401-k__401k an employee savings plan that allows employees to contribute pre-tax dollars and federal income taxes are deferred until retirement or withdrawal from the plan; can then be converted into an IRA
subtype: stock_purchase_plan an organized plan for employees of a company to buy shares of its stock
subtype: employee_stock_ownership_plan__ESOP a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company
subtype: budget.plan a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"
subtype: balanced_budget a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts
subtype: figment a contrived or fantastic idea; "a figment of the imagination"
subtype: generalization__generalisation__generality an idea having general application; "he spoke in broad generalities"
subtype: principle.generalization__rule a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
subtype: pillar a fundamental principle or practice; "science eroded the pillars of superstition"
subtype: suggestion an idea that is suggested; "the picnic was her suggestion"
subtype: inkling a slight suggestion; "he had no inkling what was about to happen"
subtype: impression__feeling__belief__notion__opinion a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying"
subtype: presence.impression the impression that something is present; "he felt the presence of an evil force"
subtype: effect.impression an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
subtype: sound_effect__soundeffect an effect that imitates a sound called for in the script of a play
subtype: special_effect__specialeffect an effect used to produce scenes that cannot be achieved by normal techniques (especially on film)
subtype: stage_effect__stageeffect a special effect created on the stage
subtype: intuition.impression__hunch__suspicion an impression that something might be the case; "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong"
subtype: heart__bosom the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom"
subtype: reaction.idea an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
subtype: theorem.idea an idea accepted as a demonstrable truth
subtype: whim__notion__whimsy__whimsey a whimsical idea; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"
subtype: meaning__substance the idea that is intended; "What is the meaning of this proverb?"
subtype: significance.meaning__import__implication a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was spread both by word and by implication"
subtype: tenor.meaning__strain pervading note of an utterance; "I could follow the general tenor of his argument"
subtype: purport__drift general meaning or tenor: "caught the drift of the conversation"
subtype: undercurrent__undertone subdued emotional quality underlying an utterance; implicit meaning
subtype: denotation__reference__extension the class of objects that an expression refers to; "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
subtype: reference.meaning the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to; "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
subtype: connotation an idea that is implied or suggested
subtype: burden the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
subtype: theme__motif a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; "it was the usual `boy gets girl' theme"
subtype: ideal the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain
subtype: value.ideal an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"
subtype: introject (psychoanalysis) a parental figures (and their values) that you introjected as a child; the voice of conscience is usually a parent's voice internalized
subtype: principle a rule or standard especially of good behavior: "a man of principle"; "he will not violate his principles"
subtype: chivalry the medieval principles of knighthood
subtype: ethic__moral_principle__moralprinciple__value-system__valuesystem__value_orientation__valueorientation the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a person with old-fashioned values"
subtype: Chartism the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
subtype: Hellenism the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization
subtype: legal_principle__legalprinciple__judicial_principle__judicial_doctrine a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence
subtype: jus_sanguinis__jussanguini the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
subtype: jus_soli__jussoli the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
subtype: pre-emption__preemption__preemption the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject
subtype: scruple an ethical or moral principle that inhibits action
subtype: idol__paragon__perfection__beau_ideal an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept
subtype: standard__criterion the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"
subtype: control_condition__controlcondition__control a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw"
subtype: design_criteria criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device; "the job specifications summarized the design criteria"
subtype: exemplar__example__model__good_example something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"
subtype: beaut__beauty an outstanding example of its kind; "his roses were beauties"; "when I make a mistake it's a beaut"
subtype: pattern a model considered worthy of imitation; "the American constitution has provided a pattern for many republics"
subtype: ego_ideal__egoideal an ideal of personal excellence toward which a person strives
subtype: idealization.idea__idealisation something that exists only as an idea
subtype: keynote a fundamental or central idea
subtype: heart_and_soul__heartandsoul__kernel__substance__core__center__essence__heart__inwardness__marrow__meat__nub__sum__nittygritty the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"
subtype: hypostasis.heart_and_soul__hypostasi (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying reality
subtype: quiddity__haecceity the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any other
subtype: quintessence.heart_and_soul the purest and most concentrated essence of something
subtype: stuff.heart_and_soul a critically important or characteristic component; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative"
subtype: wisdom accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment
subtype: abstrusity__reconditeness__reconditenes__abstrusenes__profoundness__profundity wisdom that is recondite and abstruse and profound; "the anthropologist was impressed by the reconditeness of the native proverbs"
subtype: internal_representation__representation__mental_representation a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image
subtype: overlap.internal_representation__convergence a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena; "there was no overlap between their proposals"
subtype: crossroads a point where a choice must be made; "Freud's work stands at the crossroads between psychology and neurology"
subtype: interface.overlap the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other; "the interface between chemistry and biology"
subtype: instantiation a representation of an idea in the form of an instance of it; "how many instantiations were found?"
subtype: antitype.internal_representation a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament
subtype: stereotype a conventional or formulaic conception or image: "regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding"
subtype: schema__scheme an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world
subtype: mental_image__image an iconic mental representation; "her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate"
subtype: imagination_image__imaginationimage__thought-image__thoughtimage a mental image produced by the imagination
subtype: memory_image a mental image of something previously experienced
subtype: memory_picture a memory image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: afterimage__aftersensation an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased
subtype: aftertaste an afterimage of a taste
subtype: visual_image__visualization__visualisation a mental image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: mental_picture__picture__impression a clear and telling mental image; "he described his mental picture of his assailant"; "he had no clear picture of himself or his world"; "the events left a permanent impression in his mind"
subtype: auditory_image a mental image that is similar to an auditory perception
subtype: interpretation.internal_representation__reading__version a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
subtype: anagoge a mystical or allegorical interpretation (especially of Scripture)
subtype: reinterpretation.interpretation a new or different meaning
subtype: exegesis.interpretation__exegesi critical interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible)
subtype: eisegesis personal interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible) using your own ideas
subtype: phantasmagoria a constantly changing medley or real or imagined images (as in a dream)
subtype: psychosexuality the mental representation of sexual activities
subtype: percept__perception__perceptual_experience the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept
subtype: figure.percept a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground
subtype: ground.percept a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
subtype: visual_percept__visual_image a percept that arises from the eyes; an image in the visual system
subtype: sight an instance of visual perception; "the sight of his wife brought him back to reality"; "the train was an unexpected sight"
subtype: vista__view__aspect__prospect__scene__panorama the visual percept of a region; "the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
subtype: background.vista__ground the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "he posed her against a background of rolling hills"
subtype: coast the area within view; "the coast is clear"
subtype: exposure.vista aspect re light or wind; "the studio had a northern exposure"
subtype: foreground the part of a scene that is near the viewer
subtype: glimpse a brief or incomplete view; "from the window he could catch a glimpse of the lake"
subtype: middle_distance the part of a scene between the foreground and the background
subtype: side_view a view from the side of something
subtype: profile.side_view a side view representation of an object (especially a human face)
subtype: tableau any dramatic scene
subtype: visual_field__field_of_regard all of the points of the physical environment that can be perceived by a stable eye at a given moment
subtype: field_of_view__field the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument)
subtype: microscopic_field__microscopicfield the areas that is visible through a microscope
subtype: operative_field__operativefield the area that is open during surgery
subtype: memory something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost"
subtype: reminiscence a mental impression retained and recalled from the past
subtype: recollection something recalled to the mind
subtype: engram__memory_trace a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
subtype: confabulation (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
subtype: screen_memory an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance
subtype: example__model a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example"
subtype: lodestar__loadstar something that serves as a model or guide
subtype: prototype__paradigm__epitome__image a standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father"
subtype: imago.prototype (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood
subtype: concentrate.prototype a concentrated example; "the concentrate of contemporary despair"
subtype: type_specimen__holotype the original specimen from which the description of anew species is made
subtype: microcosm a miniature model of something
subtype: original__archetype__pilot an original model on which something is patterned
subtype: template__templet a model or standard for making comparisons
subtype: speech_rhythm__rhythm the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frost's poetry"
subtype: appearance.internal_representation a mental representation; "I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
subtype: illusion__semblance an erroneous mental representation
subtype: phantom__apparition__shadow something existing in perception only: "a ghostly apparition at midnight"
subtype: unidentified_flying_object__UFO__flying_saucer an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins
subtype: Flying_Dutchman.phantom__flyingdutchman a phantom ship that is said to appear in storms near the Cape of Good Hope
subtype: spook__ghost__shade__wraith__specter a mental representation of some haunting experience; "he looked like he had seen a ghost"; "it aroused specters from his past"
subtype: phantom_limb__phantomlimb the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated
subtype: three-D__3-D__3D__3d having a three-dimensional form or appearance: "aren't dreams always in 3-D?"
subtype: front.appearance the outward appearance of a person; "he put up a bold front"
subtype: blur__fuzz a hazy or indistinct representation; "it happened so fast it was just a blur"; "he tried to clear his head of the whisky fuzz"
subtype: abstractionism__unrealism a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples
subtype: concretism__concrete_representation a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms
subtype: shape.concretism__embodiment a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; "a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life"
subtype: belief any cognitive content held as true
subtype: conviction__strong_belief__article_of_faith an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence
subtype: amateurism the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money
subtype: nationalism the conviction that the culture and interests of your nation are superior to those of any other nation
subtype: faith.belief complete confidence in a person or plan etc; "he cherished the faith of a good woman"; "the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust"
subtype: doctrine__philosophy__school_of_thought__ism a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
subtype: abolitionism the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
subtype: absolutism the doctrine of an absolute being
subtype: amoralism the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid
subtype: animalism the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature
subtype: animism the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; "animism is common among primitive peoples"
subtype: creationism the literal belief in the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of evolution of species"
subtype: creation_science an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis
subtype: creed__credo any system of principles or beliefs
subtype: testament a profession of belief; "he stated his political testament"
subtype: Athanasian_Creed a Christian profession of faith
subtype: dogma a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; "he believed all the Marxist dogma"
subtype: dualism the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
subtype: epicureanism a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers
subtype: expansionism the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
subtype: formalism.doctrine the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
subtype: functionalism any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose
subtype: gospel a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance; "Newton's writings were gospel for those who followed"
subtype: gymnosophy the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation
subtype: imitation.doctrine the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations
subtype: mimesis the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
subtype: laissez_faire__laissezfaire__individualism the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
subtype: internationalism the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences
subtype: unilateralism the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
subtype: irredentism__irridentism the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
subtype: literalism the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature
subtype: majority_rule__democracy the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
subtype: monism the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
subtype: nihilism a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
subtype: passivism__pacifism the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable
subtype: pluralism the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
subtype: populism the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
subtype: freethinking__rationalism the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct
subtype: humanism the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
subtype: humanitarianism__humanism the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
subtype: egalitarianism__equalitarianism the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
subtype: feminism a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
subtype: ecumenism__ecumenicism__ecumenicalism the doctrine of the ecumenical movement promoting cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations; aimed at universal Christian unity
subtype: secessionism a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
subtype: secularism a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
subtype: phenomenology a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account
subtype: philosophical_doctrine__philosophicaldoctrine__philosophical_theory__philosophicaltheory a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
subtype: aesthetic__esthetic a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful; "he despised the esthetic of minimalism"
subtype: Aristotelianism the philosophy of Aristotle that elaborates the fundamental principles of the syllogism
subtype: conceptualism the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
subtype: Confucianism the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
subtype: deconstruction__deconstructionism a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
subtype: empiricism__empiricist_philosophy__sensationalism the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
subtype: experimentalism an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles
subtype: logical_positivism__logicalpositivism__positivism the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)
subtype: Comtism Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top
subtype: existentialism__existentialist_philosophy a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
subtype: determinism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
subtype: fatalism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them
subtype: formalism.philosophical_doctrine the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
subtype: idealism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that ideas are the only reality
subtype: intuitionism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition
subtype: logicism the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
subtype: physicalism__materialism the doctrine that matter is the only reality
subtype: dialectical_materialism__dialecticalmaterialism the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
subtype: mechanism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
subtype: mentalism a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
subtype: nativism the philosophical doctrine that some ideas are innate
subtype: naturalism the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
subtype: nominalism the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
subtype: operationalism the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
subtype: Platonism__realism the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
subtype: pragmatism the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
subtype: probabilism the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
subtype: rationalism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
subtype: naive_realism__naiverealism__realism the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived
subtype: relativism the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
subtype: scholasticism the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
subtype: semiotics__semiotic a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols
subtype: sensualism__sensationalism the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good
subtype: solipsism the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
subtype: Stoicism the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
subtype: subjectivism the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
subtype: Daoism__Taoism philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
subtype: teleology a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes
subtype: traditionalism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions
subtype: vitalism a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
subtype: states'_rights.doctrine a doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states
subtype: nullification.states'_rights the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
subtype: teaching__precept a doctrine that is taught; "the teaching of religion"; "he believed all the Christian precepts"
subtype: Golden_Rule a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount: "Whatsoever ye would that men do unto you, do you even so unto them" (Mathew 7:12)
subtype: theological_doctrine__theologicaldoctrine the doctrine of a religious group
subtype: theanthropism (theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine
subtype: predestination__foreordination__preordination__predetermination (theology) the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
subtype: spiritualism.theological_doctrine any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God
subtype: antinomianism the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
subtype: Thomism the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
subtype: Arianism the theological doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father
subtype: Athanasianism the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
subtype: Boehmenism__Behmenism the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
subtype: consubstantiation the High-Church Anglican doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine
subtype: Episcopalianism the theological doctrine of Church government by bishops
subtype: Erastianism__Byzantinism__Caesaropapism the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
subtype: Jansenism the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
subtype: millenarianism belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
subtype: Quakerism the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
subtype: rationalism.theological_doctrine the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth
subtype: deism__free_thought the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
subtype: Rosicrucianism the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the Cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and Redemption; claims various occult powers
subtype: synergism the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
subtype: total_depravity the Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin
subtype: transubstantiation the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
subtype: universalism the theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved
subtype: Virgin_Birth__Nativity the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
subtype: utilitarianism doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
subtype: religious_doctrine__religiousdoctrine__church_doctrine__gospel__creed the body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
subtype: Nicene_Creed a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
subtype: tenet__belief__dogma a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
subtype: article_of_faith__credendum (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
subtype: Immaculate_Conception the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin
subtype: Incarnation the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
subtype: real_presence the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist
subtype: philosophy.belief any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it"
subtype: outlook__expectation__prospect belief about (or mental picture of) the future
subtype: promise.outlook__hope grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; "there is little or no promise that he will recover"
subtype: rainbow.promise an illusory hope; "chasing rainbows"
subtype: foretaste an early limited awareness of something yet to occur
subtype: possibility a future prospect or potential; "this room has great possibilities"
subtype: anticipation.outlook__expectancy something expected (as on the basis of a norm); "each of them had their own anticipations"; "an indicator of expectancy in development"
subtype: life_expectancy an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities
subtype: misgiving__apprehension painful expectation
subtype: fetichism__fetishism a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)
subtype: meliorism the belief that the world can be made better by human effort
subtype: opinion.belief__sentiment__persuasion__view__thought a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?"
subtype: idea a personal view; "he has an idea that we don't like him"
subtype: judgment.opinion__judgement__mind an opinion formed by judging something; "he was reluctant to make his judgment known"; "she changed her mind"
subtype: decision.judgment__determination__conclusion a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"; "his conclusion took the evidence into account"; "satisfied with the panel's determination"
subtype: eyes opinion or judgment; "in the eyes of the law" or "I was wrong in her eyes"
subtype: preconception__prepossession__parti_pris__preconceived_opinion__preconceived_idea__preconceived_notion an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence; "he did not even try to confirm his preconceptions"
subtype: pole.opinion one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions; "they are at opposite poles" or "they are poles apart"
subtype: political_sympathies__politics the opinion you hold with respect to political questions
subtype: autotelism belief that a work of art is an end in itself or its own justification
subtype: originalism the belief that the US Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it
subtype: pacifism the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration
subtype: religious_belief__religiousbelief__religion__faith a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"
subtype: religious_cult__religiouscult__cult a system of religious beliefs and rituals
subtype: macumba a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing a chanting and dancing
subtype: obeah__obi a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
subtype: Rastafarianism belief in Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie of Ethiopia) as the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
subtype: vodoun__voodoo__voodooism__hoodooism a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
subtype: ecclesiasticism.religious_belief religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices
subtype: religious_mysticism__religiousmysticism__mysticism a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
subtype: quietism a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
subtype: nature_worship a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena
subtype: revealed_religion a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind
subtype: theism the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods
subtype: monotheism belief in a single God
subtype: Judaism the monotheistic religion of the Jews; based on the Old Testament and the Talmud
subtype: Orthodox_Judaism beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic Law
subtype: Hasidism__Hassidism beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
subtype: Conservative_Judaism beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
subtype: Reform_Judaism beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
subtype: Muhammadanism__Islam__Islamism__Mohammedanism__Muslimism the monotheistic religion of Muslims based on the Koran
subtype: polytheism__pantheism belief in multiple Gods
subtype: paganism__pagan_religion__paganreligion__heathenism any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
subtype: Christianity__Christian_religion the system of Christian beliefs and practices
subtype: Second_Adventism__Adventism any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
subtype: Seventh-Day_Adventism Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
subtype: Catholicism__Catholicity the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
subtype: Romanism__Roman_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
subtype: Eastern_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of any of the Eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople
subtype: Protestantism the theological system of any of the churches of Western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
subtype: Anglicanism the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
subtype: Anglo-Catholicism__High_Anglicanism a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
subtype: Arminianism doctrines of Jacobus Arminius (1610) rejecting absolute predestination or strict Calvinism
subtype: Calvinism the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
subtype: Christian_Science religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
subtype: Lutheranism teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
subtype: Unitarianism Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
subtype: Trinitarianism Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
subtype: Congregationalism system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
subtype: Mennonitism system of beliefs and practices including belief in Scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
subtype: evangelicalism stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation
subtype: revivalism an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith
subtype: fundamentalism the interpretation of every word in the Bible as literal truth
subtype: Methodism the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
subtype: Wesleyanism__Wesleyism evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
subtype: Anabaptism belief in: the primacy of the Bible; baptism of believers not infants; complete separation of church and state
subtype: Baptistic_doctrine any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
subtype: Mormonism the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
subtype: pentecostalism the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues
subtype: Presbyterianism the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
subtype: Puritanism.Protestantism__puritanism the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
subtype: Tractarianism__Puseyism principles of the founders of the Oxford movement; expounded in pamphlets called "Tracts for the Times"
subtype: Hinduism__Hindooism a complex of beliefs and values and customs including worship of many gods especially the Trimurti composed of Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; and Shiva the destroyer
subtype: Krishnaism worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
subtype: Shivaism__Sivaism worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Shaktism__Saktism worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
subtype: Vishnuism__Vaishnavism__Vaisnavism worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Yoga a Hindu theistic philosophy; union of self and the Supreme Being is sought through a state of complete awareness and tranquillity attained by certain physical exercises
subtype: Brahmanism__Brahminism the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
subtype: Jainism religion founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
subtype: Sikhism a radically monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 16th Century
subtype: Buddhism the ethical philosophy of Buddha; emphasizes physical and spiritual discipline as a means of liberation from the physical world
subtype: Mahayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; chiefly in China; Tibet; Japan
subtype: Hinayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through one's own efforts; chiefly in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); Myanmar (Burma); Thailand; Cambodia
subtype: Lamaism Tibetan Buddhist doctrine including non-Buddhist Indian elements and elements of preexisting shamanism
subtype: Zen_Buddhism__Zen doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
subtype: Shingon a Japanese Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
subtype: Tantra__Tantrism doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
subtype: Hsuan_Chiao__Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
subtype: Shintoism__Shinto the indigenous polytheistic religion of Japan lacking organized teachings; primarily nature and ancestor worship including a chief deity from whom the emperor is believed to be descended
subtype: Mithraism__Mithraicism ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
subtype: Zoroastrianism__Mazdaism system founded in Persia in the 6th century b.c. by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
subtype: Parsiism__Parseeism Zoroastrian sect in India
subtype: shamanism an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
subtype: shamanism.religious_belief any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes
subtype: public_opinion__popular_opinion__popularopinion__opinion__vox_populi__voxpopuli a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; "he asked for a poll of public opinion"
subtype: sacerdotalism a belief that priests can act as mediators between human beings and God
subtype: spiritualism the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)
subtype: spiritual_world__unseen a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit
subtype: supernaturalism a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
subtype: magic any art that invokes supernatural powers
subtype: juju the power associated with a juju
subtype: mojo a magic power or magic spell
subtype: conjuring__conjury invoking a spirit or devil
subtype: summoning__evocation calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations
subtype: sorcery__black_magic__blackmagic__black_art__blackart the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world
subtype: witchcraft__witchery the art of sorcery
subtype: bewitchment__enchantment a magical spell
subtype: diabolism__demonism__Satanism the worship of devils (especially Satan)
subtype: obiism belief in a kind of sorcery that originated in Africa and is practiced in the West Indies
subtype: theurgy magic performed with the help of beneficent spirits
subtype: exorcism__dispossession freeing from evil spirits
subtype: superstition__superstitious_notion__superstitiousnotion an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear
subtype: theory.belief a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
subtype: hodgepodge__patchwork__jumble a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas
subtype: theosophy belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul
subtype: thought the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; "19th century thought" or "Darwinian thought"
subtype: mainstream the prevailing current of thought; "his thinking was in the American mainstream"
subtype: totemism belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem
subtype: tribalism the beliefs of a tribal society
subtype: values beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something); "he has very conservatives values"
subtype: individualism a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
subtype: rugged_individualism individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition
subtype: unbelief__disbelief a rejection of belief
subtype: skepticism__agnosticism__scepticism the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge
subtype: atheism a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
subtype: heresy__unorthodoxy a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
subtype: goal.cognitive_content__end the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; "the ends justify the means"
subtype: objective__aim__object__target the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children"
subtype: business.objective an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
subtype: occasions__occasion something you have to do; "he minded his own specialized occasions"
subtype: point.objective the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
subtype: thing.objective a special objective: "the thing is to stay in bounds"
subtype: bourn__bourne an archaic term for a goal or destination
subtype: end-all__endall the ultimate goal; "human beings are not the end-all of evolution"
subtype: destination__terminus the ultimate goal for which something is done
subtype: no-goal a nonexistent goal; "he lived without a reason progressing toward no-goal"
subtype: purpose__intent__intention__aim__design an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; "his intent was to provide a new translation"; "good intentions are not enough"; "it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs"; "he made no secret of his designs"
subtype: mind.purpose__idea your intention; what you intend to do; "he had in mind to see his old teacher"; "the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces"
subtype: cross-purpose__crosspurpose a contrary aim; "at cross-purposes"
subtype: sake the purpose of achieving or obtaining; "for the sake of argument"
subtype: view.purpose the phrase "with a view to" means "with the intention of"; "he took the computer with a view to pawning it"
subtype: will a fixed and persistent intent or purpose; "where there's a will there's a way"
subtype: intention.goal (usually plural) the goal with respect to a marriage proposal; "his intentions are entirely honorable"
subtype: education.cognitive_content knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
subtype: physical_education training in the development of and care for the human body; stresses athletics; includes hygiene
subtype: experience the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; "a man of experience"; "experience is the best teacher"
subtype: familiarization the experience of becoming familiar with something
subtype: woodcraft.experience skill and experience in matters relating to the woods (as hunting or fishing or camping)
subtype: eruditeness__eruditenes__learnedness__learning__scholarship profound knowledge
subtype: letters.eruditeness__letter scholarly attainment; "he is a man of letters"
subtype: enlightenment education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
subtype: edification__sophistication uplifting enlightenment
subtype: disenchantment__disillusion__disillusionment freeing from false belief or illusions
subtype: satori (Zen Buddhism) a state of sudden spiritual enlightenment
subtype: experience.cognitive_content the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly"
subtype: world.experience__reality all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; "his world was shattered"; "we live in different worlds"; "for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were"
subtype: real_world__real_life the practical world as opposed to the academic world; "a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world"
subtype: life.experience__living the experience of living; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life"
subtype: reliving__re-experiencing__reexperiencing a recurrence of a prior experience; "the reliving of a strong emotion can be therapeutic"
subtype: reminder an experience that causes you to remember something
subtype: deja_vu the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
subtype: memento a reminder of past events
subtype: memento_mori__mementomori a reminder (as a death's head) of your mortality
subtype: shades_of something that reminds you of someone or something; "aren't there shades of 1948 here?"
subtype: acculturation.cognitive_content__culture all the knowledge and values shared by a society
subtype: lore__traditional_knowledge__traditionalknowledge knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote: "early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend"
subtype: old_wives'_tale a bit of lore passed on by word of mouth
subtype: folklore the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture
subtype: ignorance the lack of knowledge or education
subtype: ignorantness__nescience__unknowing__unknowingness__unknowingnes ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)
subtype: inexperience lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience
subtype: unenlightenment a lack of understanding
subtype: dark.unenlightenment__darkness an unenlightened state; "he was in the dark concerning their intentions"; "his lectures dispelled the darkness"
subtype: illiteracy.ignorance ignorance resulting from not reading
subtype: knowledge_domain__knowledgedomain__knowledge_base__knowledgebase the content of a particular domain or field of knowledge
subtype: domain.knowledge_domain__region__realm a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited domain of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult"
subtype: scientific_knowledge knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles; "mathematics is the basis for much scientific knowledge"
subtype: metaknowledge knowledge about knowledge
subtype: history.cognition all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge: "the dawn of recorded history"; "from the beginning of history"
subtype: mental_attitude__attitude a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; "he had the attitude that work was fun"
subtype: credence__acceptance the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true; "he gave credence to the gossip"; "acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years"
subtype: defensive_attitude__defensiveattitude__defensive an attitude of defense; especially in the phrase "on the defensive"
subtype: hardball.mental_attitude a no-nonsense attitude in business or politics; "they play hardball in the Senate"
subtype: high_horse an attitude of arrogant superiority; "get off your high horse and admit you are wrong"
subtype: southernism.mental_attitude a attitude characteristic of Southerners (especially in the US)
subtype: mentality__outlook__mindset__mind-set a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations
subtype: paternalism the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good
subtype: position.mental_attitude__stance__posture a rationalized mental attitude
subtype: hard_line a firm and uncompromising stance or position; "the governor took a hard line on drugs"
subtype: inclination.mental_attitude__disposition__tendency an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; "he had an inclination to give up too easily"; "a tendency to be too strict"
subtype: direction.inclination a general course along which something has a tendency to develop; "I couldn't follow the direction of his thoughts"; "his ideals determined the direction of his career"; "they proposed a new direction for the firm"
subtype: trend__drift a general tendency as of opinion: "not openly liberal but that is the tendency of the book"
subtype: Call a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course; "he was disappointed that he had not heard the Call"
subtype: devices__device an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase "left to your own devices"; "the children were left to their own devices"
subtype: sympathy.inclination__understanding an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion; "his sympathies were always with the underdog"; "I knew I could count on his understanding"
subtype: favoritism__favouritism an inclination to favor some person or group
subtype: proclivity__propensity__leaning a natural inclination; "he has a proclivity for exaggeration"
subtype: bent__set a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way; "the set of his mind was obvious"
subtype: literalism.inclination a disposition to interpret statements in their literal sense
subtype: predisposition.inclination an inclination beforehand to interpret statements in a particular way
subtype: predilection__preference__orientation a predisposition in favor of something; "a predilection for expensive cars"; "his sexual preferences"; "showed a Marxist orientation"
subtype: favor.inclination__favour an inclination to approve; "that style is in favor this season"
subtype: disfavour__disfavor__dislike__disapproval an inclination to withhold approval from some person or group
subtype: doghouse an idiomatic term for being in disfavor; "in the doghouse"
subtype: reprobation severe disapproval
subtype: partiality__partisanship an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives
subtype: anthropocentrism__anthropocentricity an inclination to evaluate reality exclusively in terms of human values
subtype: ethnocentrism belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
subtype: Eurocentrism belief in the preeminence of Europe and the Europeans
subtype: prejudice__bias__preconception a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
subtype: tabu__taboo a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature
subtype: irrational_hostility extreme prejudice
subtype: experimenter_bias (psychology) bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in the experiment
subtype: homophobia prejudice against (fear or dislike of) homosexual people and homosexuality
subtype: racism the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races
subtype: anti-Semitism the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people
subtype: white_supremacy__whitesupremacy the prejudice that members of the white race are superior to members of other races
subtype: tendentiousness__tendentiousnes an intentional and controversial bias
subtype: tilt a slight but noticeable partiality; "the court's tilt toward conservative rulings"
subtype: sectionalism__provincialism__localism a partiality for some particular place
subtype: inequity__unfairness partiality that is not fair or equitable
subtype: impartiality__nonpartisanship an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally
subtype: disinterestedness__disinterestednes freedom from bias or selfish motives
subtype: fair-mindedness__fairness__candor__candour ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
subtype: tolerance.mental_attitude willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others
subtype: broad-mindedness an inclination to tolerate or overlook opposing or shocking opinions or behavior
subtype: liberalness__liberalnes an inclination to favor progress and individual freedom
subtype: disinterest__neutrality tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement
subtype: intolerance.mental_attitude unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs
subtype: narrow-mindedness an inclination to criticize opposing opinions or chocking behavior
subtype: parochialism a limitation of views or interests like that defined by a local parish
subtype: pettiness.narrow-mindedness__pettines narrowness of mind or ideas or views
subtype: provincialism a lack of sophistication
subtype: sectarianism__denominationalism a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination; "he condemned religious sectarianism"
subtype: bigotry the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot
subtype: fanaticism__zealotry excessive intolerance of opposing views
subtype: respect.mental_attitude__esteem__regard an attitude of admiration or esteem; "she lost all respect for him"
subtype: estimate.respect__estimation the respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability"
subtype: reputation.estimate__report the general estimation that the public has for a person; "he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing"; "he was a person of bad report"
subtype: disrespect a disrespectful mental attitude
subtype: reverence a reverent mental attitude
subtype: irreverence an irreverent mental attitude
subtype: profaneness__profanenes an attitude of irreverence or contempt for a divinity
subtype: orientation.mental_attitude an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs
subtype: wavelength.orientation a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding; "they are on the same wavelength"
subtype: experimentalism.orientation an orientation that favors experimentation and innovation; "the children of psycholoigsts are often raised in an atmosphere of experimentalism"
subtype: reorientation a new orientation; a changed set of attitudes and beliefs
subtype: perspective__position__view a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; "consider what follows from the positivist view"
subtype: cutting_edge__cuttingedge__vanguard__forefront the position of greatest advancement; the leading position in any movement or field
subtype: paradigm.perspective the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time; "he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm"
subtype: viewpoint__point_of_view__stand__standpoint a mental position from which things are viewed; "we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians"; "teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events"
subtype: slant__angle a biased way of looking at or presenting something
subtype: light a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
subtype: sight.perspective a range of mental vision; "in his sight she could do no wrong"
subtype: Weltanschauung__world_view__worldview a comprehensive view of the world and human life
subtype: clockwork_universe__clockworkuniverse the view that the universe resembles a clock built by God and ticking along according to Newtonian mechanics
subtype: orthodoxy.orientation a belief or orientation agreeing with conventional standards
subtype: conformism__conformity orthodoxy in thoughts and belief
subtype: conventionality.conformism conformity with conventional thought and behavior
subtype: legalism strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit
subtype: heterodoxy__unorthodoxy__heresy any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position
subtype: iconoclasm the orientation of an iconoclast
subtype: nonconformance__nonconformity a lack of conformity
subtype: political_orientation__politicalorientation__ideology__political_theory__politicaltheory an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
subtype: totalitarianism__absolutism__totalism the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
subtype: anarchism a political theory favoring the abolition of governments
subtype: autocracy a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual
subtype: Machiavellianism the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
subtype: theocracy the belief in government by divine guidance
subtype: collectivism a political theory that the people should own the means of production
subtype: communism.political_orientation a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
subtype: conservatism__conservativism a political orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
subtype: reaction.conservatism extreme conservatism in political or social matters; "the forces of reaction carried the election"
subtype: constitutionalism advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles
subtype: democracy the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
subtype: social_democracy the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
subtype: elitism the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals
subtype: extremism any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies
subtype: fascism a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
subtype: federalism the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units
subtype: imperialism.political_orientation a political orientation that advocates imperial interests
subtype: liberalism a political orientation that favors progress and reform
subtype: neoliberalism a political orientation originating in the 1960s; blends liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth
subtype: meritocracy the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
subtype: libertarianism an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech
subtype: moderatism a moderate political orientation; an avoidance of extremes
subtype: monarchism a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system
subtype: negritude an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms
subtype: progressivism the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
subtype: radicalism the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society
subtype: Jacobinism the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
subtype: reactionism the political orientation of reactionaries
subtype: republicanism the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government
subtype: socialism a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
subtype: Fabianism (British) socialism to be established by gradual reforms within the law
subtype: guild_socialism a form of socialist theory advocating state ownership of industry but managements by guilds of workers
subtype: utopian_socialism__utopiansocialism socialism achieved by voluntary sacrifice
subtype: Utopianism the political orientation of a utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes social perfection
subtype: dovishness any political orientation favoring compromise to avoid conflict
subtype: peace_advocacy__peaceadvocacy any policy that advocates maintaining peaceful international relations
subtype: hawkishness__hawkishnes any political orientation favoring aggressive policies
subtype: militarism aggressiveness that involves the threat of using military force
subtype: warmongering__war_advocacy__waradvocacy a policy of advocating war
subtype: religious_orientation__religiousorientation an attitude toward religion or religious practices
subtype: agnosticism a religious orientation of doubt; a denial of ultimate knowledge of the existence of God; "agnosticism holds that you can neither prove nor disprove God's existence"
subtype: Gnosticism a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
subtype: godlessness__godlessnes the doctrine or belief that there is no God
subtype: anti-Catholicism a religious orientation opposed to Catholicism
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