#animal_tissue the tissue in the bodies of animals
supertype: tissue a part of an organism consisting of an aggregate of cells having a similar structure and function
substance of: animal
subtype: chalaza one of two spiral bands of tissue connecting the egg yolk to the enclosing membrane at either end of the shell
subtype: embryonic_tissue__embryonictissue tissue in an embryo
subtype: germ_layer (embryology) any of the 3 layers of cells differentiated in embryos following gastrulation
subtype: ectoderm__exoderm the outer germ layer that develops into skin and nervous tissue
subtype: neural_tube a tube of ectodermal tissue in the embryo from which the brain and spinal cord develop
subtype: mesoderm__mesoblast the middle germ layer that develops into muscle and bone and cartilage and blood and connective tissue
subtype: chordamesoderm__chordomesoderm the area of mesoderm that forms the notochord
subtype: mesenchyme mesodermal tissue that forms connective tissue and blood and smooth muscles
subtype: endoderm__entoderm__endoblast__entoblast__hypoblast the inner germ layer that develops into the lining of the digestive and respiratory systems
subtype: coronet margin between the skin of the pastern and the horn of the hoof
subtype: epithelium__epithelial_tissue membranous tissue covering internal organs and other internal surfaces of the body
subtype: endothelium an epithelium of mesoblastic origin; a thin layer of flattened cells that lines the inside of some body cavities
subtype: mesothelium epithelium originating in the embryonic mesoderm; lines the primordial body cavity
subtype: neuroepithelium epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
subtype: decidua the epithelial tissue of the endometrium
subtype: flesh the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat
subtype: capillary_bed__capillarybed a layer of tissue densely packed with capillaries
subtype: parenchyma animal tissue that constitutes the essential part of an organ as contrasted with e.g. connective tissue and blood vessels
subtype: interstitial_tissue tissue between the cells of a structure or part in plant or animal
subtype: neuroglia sustentacular tissue that surrounds and supports neurons in the central nervous system; glial and neural cells together compose the tissue of the central nervous system
subtype: astroglia__macroglia tissue consisting of large stellate neuroglial cells
subtype: microglia neuroglial tissue of mesodermal origin that can become phagocytic
subtype: oligodendroglia tissue consisting of glial cells with sheet-like processes that form the myelin sheath of nerve fibers
subtype: adipose_tissue__adiposetissue__fat__fatty_tissue__fattytissue a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy; adipose tissue also cushions and insulates vital organs; "fatty tissue protected them from the severe cold"
subtype: flab loose or flaccid body fat
subtype: atheroma a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery; can obstruct blood flow
subtype: cellulite lumpy deposits of body fat especially on women's thighs etc.
subtype: mons_veneris__mons__mons_pubis a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women
subtype: paunch__belly a protruding abdomen
subtype: potbelly__pot__baywindow__corporation__tummy (informal) slang terms for a paunch
subtype: spare-tire__sparetire excess fat around the waistline
subtype: connective_tissue tissue of mesodermal origin consisting of e.g. collagen fibroblasts and fatty cells; supports organs and fills spaces between them and forms tendons and ligaments
subtype: tegument__skin__cutis__cuti a natural protective covering of the body; site of the sense of touch; "your skin is the largest organ of your body"
subtype: investment outer layer or covering of an organ or part or organism
subtype: pellicle thin protective membrane in some protozoa
subtype: thick_skin__thickskin skin that is very thick (as an elephant or rhinoceros)
subtype: skin_graft a piece of skin taken from a donor area and surgically grafted at the site of an injury or burn
subtype: buff bare skin; "swimming in the buff"
subtype: dewlap a hanging fold of loose skin on an elderly person's neck
subtype: prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the penis
subtype: foreskin__prepuce a fold of skin covering the tip of the clitoris
subtype: scalp the skin that covers the top of the head; "they wanted to take his scalp as a trophy"
subtype: hangnail__agnail a loose narrow strip of skin near the base of a fingernail; tearing it produces a painful sore that is easily infected
subtype: areolar_tissue__areolartissue fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net
subtype: bone__os rigid connective tissue that makes up the skeleton of vertebrates
subtype: furcula a forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles of most birds
subtype: wishbone__wishing_bone__wishingbone the furcula of a domestic fowl
subtype: splint_bone a rudimentary splint-like metacarpal or metatarsal bone on either side of the cannon bone in the leg of a horse or related animal
subtype: pastern__fetter_bone the part between the fetlock and the hoof
subtype: cannon_bone greatly developed metatarsal or metacarpal bone in the shank or cannon part of the leg in hoofed mammals
subtype: fishbone a bone of a fish
subtype: anklebone__astragal__astragalus__talus__talu the bone in the ankle that articulates with the leg bones to form the ankle joint
subtype: cuboid_bone the cube shaped bone on the outer side of the tarsus
subtype: carpal_bone__carpal__wrist_bone__wristbone any of the eight small bones of the wrist
subtype: scaphoid_bone__os_scaphoideum__navicular the largest wrist bone on the thumb side
subtype: lunate_bone__semilunar_bone__semilunarbone__os_lunatum one of the eight small wrist bones
subtype: triquetral_bone__triquetral__os_triquetrum__cuneiform_bone__cuneiformbone__pyramidal_bone__pyramidalbone a wrist bone that articulates with the pisiform and hamate and lunate bones
subtype: pisiform_bone__pisiform__os_pisiforme a small wrist bone that articulates only with the triquetral
subtype: trapezium_bone__trapeziumbone__trapezium__os_trapezium the wrist bone on the thumb side of the hand that articulates with the 1st and 2nd metacarpals
subtype: trapezoid_bone__trapezoidbone__trapezoid__ostrapezoideum the wrist bone between the trapezium and the capitate bones
subtype: capitate_bone__capitate__os_capitatum the wrist bone with a rounded head shape that articulates with the 3rd metatarsal
subtype: hamate_bone__hamate__unciform_bone__os_hamatum the wrist bone in line with the 4th and 5th fingers
subtype: cartilage_bone__cartilagebone any bone that develops within cartilage rather than a fibrous tissue
subtype: centrum the main body of a vertebra
subtype: cheekbone__zygomatic_bone__zygomaticbone__mala__malar_bone__malarbone__jugal_bone__jugalbone__os_zygomaticum the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
subtype: clavicle__collarbone bone linking the scapula and sternum
subtype: coccyx__tail_bone the end of the vertebral column in humans and tailless apes
subtype: dentine bone (calcified tissue) surrounding the pulp cavity of a tooth
subtype: ethmoid_bone__ethmoidbone__ethmoid one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
subtype: heelbone__calcaneus__calcaneu__os_tarsi_fibulare the largest tarsal bone; forms the human heel
subtype: hipbone__innominate_bone__innominatebone large flaring bone forming one half of the pelvis; made up of the ilium and ischium and pubis
subtype: hyoid_bone__hyoidbone__hyoid__os_hyoideum a U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue muscles
subtype: ilium the upper and widest of the three bones making up the hipbone
subtype: ischium__ischial_bone__ischialbone__os_ischii one of the three sections of the hipbone; situated below the ilium
subtype: long_bone__os_longum in vertebrate animals: a long cylindrical marrow-containing bone of a limb
subtype: epiphysis__epiphysi the end of a long bone; initially separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage that eventually ossifies so the parts become fused
subtype: diaphysis__diaphysi__shaft the main (mid) section of a long bone
subtype: arm_bone__armbone a bone in the arm
subtype: humerus__humeru bone extending from the shoulder to the elbow
subtype: radius.arm_bone__radiu the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm
subtype: ulna__elbow_bone__elbowbone the inner and longer of the two bones of the human forearm
subtype: leg_bone__legbone a bone of the leg
subtype: femur__thighbone__femoris__femori the longest and thickest bone of the human skeleton; extends from the pelvis to the knee
subtype: fibula__calf_bone the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
subtype: tibia__shinbone__shin the inner and thicker of the two bones of the human leg between the knee and ankle
subtype: lower_jaw__lowerjaw__mandible__mandibula__submaxilla__lower_jawbone__lowerjawbone__jawbone__jowl the lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth
subtype: lantern_jaw__lanternjaw a long thin lower jaw
subtype: ramus__ramu the posterior part of the mandible that is more or less vertical
subtype: membrane_bone any bone that develops within membranous tissue without previous cartilage formation; e.g. the clavicle and bones of the skull
subtype: frontal_bone__frontalbone__os_frontale__forehead the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits
subtype: parietal_bone either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
subtype: occipital_bone__occipitalbone a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
subtype: metacarpal_bone__metacarpal any bone of the hand between the wrist and fingers
subtype: metatarsal any bone of the foot between the ankle and the toes
subtype: nasal_bone__nasalbone__nasal__osnasale an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
subtype: ossicle__ossiculum a small bone; especially one in the middle ear
subtype: auditory_ossicle ossicles of the middle ear that transmit acoustic vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
subtype: malleus__malleu__hammer the ossicle attached to the eardrum
subtype: incus__incu__anvil the ossicle between the malleus and the stapes
subtype: stapes__stirrup the stirrup-shaped ossicle that transmits sound from the incus to the cochlea
subtype: palatine_bone__palatine__os_palatinum either of two irregularly shaped bones that form the back of the hard palate and helps to form the nasal cavity and the floor of the orbits
subtype: phalanx any of the bones (or phalanges) of the fingers or toes
subtype: os_pubis__pubis__pubi__pubic_bone__pubicbone one of the three sections of the hipbone; together the two pubic bones form the front of the pelvis
subtype: rib.bone__costa any of the 12 pairs of curved arches of bone extending from the spine to or toward the sternum in humans (and similar bones in most vertebrates)
subtype: true_rib one of the first seven ribs in a human being which attach to the sternum
subtype: round_bone__roundbone bones that are round in shape
subtype: sacrum wedge-shaped bone consisting of five fused vertebrae forming the posterior part of the pelvis; its base connects with the lowest lumbar vertebra and its tip with the coccyx
subtype: scapula__shoulder_blade__shoulder_bone either of two flat triangular bones one on each side of the shoulder in human beings
subtype: sesamoid_bone__os_sesamoideum any of several small round bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint
subtype: patella__kneecap a small flat triangular bone in front of the knee that protects the knee joint
subtype: short_bone__shortbone__os_breve a bone that is of approximately equal dimension in all directions
subtype: sphenoid_bone__sphenoid__os_sphenoidale butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
subtype: sternum the flat bone that articulates with the clavicles and the first seven pairs of ribs
subtype: corpus_sternum__gladiolus__gladiolu the large central part of the breastbone
subtype: manubrium the upper part of the breastbone
subtype: xiphoid_process__xiphoidproces smallest of the three parts of the breastbone; articulates with the corpus sternum and the seventh rib
subtype: tarsal_bone__tarsal any bone of the tarsus
subtype: temporal_bone__os_temporale a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
subtype: tooth hard bonelike structures in the jaws of vertebrates; used for biting and chewing or for attack and defense
subtype: fang hollow or grooved tooth of a venomous snake; used to inject its poison
subtype: tusk a long pointed tooth specialized for fighting or digging; especially in an elephant or walrus or hog
subtype: conodont.tooth tiny fossil cone-shaped tooth of the most primitive vertebrate: the conodont
subtype: pearly__chopper informal terms for a human `tooth'
subtype: carnassial_tooth the last upper premolar and first lower molar teeth of a carnivore; having sharp edges for cutting flesh
subtype: front_tooth__fronttooth__anterior a tooth situated at the front of the mouth; "his malocclusion was caused by malposed anteriors"
subtype: bucktooth a large projecting front tooth
subtype: back_tooth__posterior a tooth situated at the back of the mouth
subtype: malposed_tooth a tooth that has grown in a faulty position
subtype: permanent_tooth__permanenttooth__adult_tooth__adulttooth any of the 32 teeth that replace the deciduous teeth of early childhood and (with luck) can last until old age
subtype: primary_tooth__primarytooth__deciduous_tooth__deciduoustooth__baby_tooth__milk_tooth one of the first temporary teeth of a young mammal (one of 20 in children)
subtype: canine_tooth__canine__eyetooth__eye_tooth__eyetooth__dogtooth__cuspid one of the four pointed conical teeth (two in each jaw) located between the incisors and the premolars
subtype: fang.canine_tooth canine tooth of a carnivorous animal; used to seize and tear its prey
subtype: premolar__bicuspid a tooth having two cusps or points; located between the incisors and the molars
subtype: incisor a tooth for cutting or gnawing; located in the front of the mouth in both jaws
subtype: molar__grinder grinding tooth with a broad crown; located behind the premolars
subtype: wisdom_tooth any of the last 4 teeth on each side of the upper and lower jaw; the last of the permanent teeth to erupt (between ages 16 and 21)
subtype: turbinate_bone__turbinatebone__turbinate__turbinal any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
subtype: nasal_concha__nasalconcha one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity
subtype: tympanic_bone the bone enclosing the middle ear
subtype: upper_jaw__upperjaw__upper_jawbone__upperjawbone__maxilla the upper jawbone in vertebrates ; it is fused to the cranium
subtype: vertebra one of the bony segments of the spinal column
subtype: cervical_vertebra__neck_bone one of 7 vertebrae in the human spine located in the neck region
subtype: atlas_vertebra__atlasvertebra__atlas__atla the 1st cervical vertebra
subtype: axis_vertebra__axis the 2nd cervical vertebra; serves as a pivot for turning the head
subtype: thoracic_vertebra__dorsal_vertebra one of 12 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; thoracic vertebrae extend from the seventh cervical vertebra down to the first lumbar vertebra
subtype: lumbar_vertebra one of 5 vertebrae in the human vertebral column; lumbar vertebrae extend from the twelfth thoracic vertebra down to the sacral vertebrae
subtype: sacral_vertebra one of 5 vertebrae in the human spine that fuse in the adult to form the sacrum
subtype: coccygeal_vertebra__coccygealvertebra__caudal_vertebra one of 4 vertebrae in the human coccyx
subtype: zygoma__zygomatic_arch__zygomaticarch__arcus_zygomaticus__arcuszygomaticu the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
subtype: modiolus the central conical bony pillar of the cochlea
subtype: lacrimal_bone small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
subtype: skull the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
subtype: calvaria__skullcap the dome of the skull
subtype: cranium__braincase__brainpan the part of the skull that encloses the brain
subtype: occiput back part of the head or skull
subtype: sinciput the front part of the head or skull (including the forehead)
subtype: vomer thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
subtype: Wormian_bone__sutural_bone__suturalbone any of the tiny soft bones found in the sutures between cranial bones
subtype: marrowbone a bone containing edible marrow; used especially in flavoring soup
subtype: bone_marrow__marrow the fatty network of connective tissue that fills the cavities of bones
subtype: red_marrow__redmarrow__red_bone_marrow bone marrow of children and some adult bones that is required for the formation of red blood cells
subtype: yellow_marrow__yellow_bone_marrow bone marrow that is yellow with fat; found at the ends of long bones in adults
subtype: elastic_tissue__elastictissue connective tissue consisting chiefly of elastic fibers found in the dermis of the skin and in the walls of veins and arteries and in some tendons and ligaments
subtype: endoneurium delicate connective tissue around individual nerve fibers in nerve
subtype: ligament a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue connecting bones or cartilages or supporting muscles or organs
subtype: falciform_ligament__falciformligament a ligament that attaches part of the liver to the diaphragm and the abdominal wall
subtype: round_ligament_of_the_uterus__ligamentum_teres_uteri ligament attached to the uterus on either side in front of and below the opening of the fallopian tube and passing through the inguinal canal to the labia majora
subtype: perineurium connective tissue that covers a bundle of nerve fibers
subtype: tendon__sinew a cord or band of inelastic tissue connecting a muscle with its bony attachment
subtype: hamstring_tendon__hamstringtendon__hamstring one of the tendons at the back of the knee
subtype: Achilles_tendon__tendon_of_Achilles a large tendon that runs from the heel to the calf
subtype: submucosa the connective tissue beneath mucous membrane
subtype: fascia__facia a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue separating or binding together muscles and organs etc
subtype: aponeurosis any of the deeper and thicker fascia that attach muscles to bones; resemble flattened tendons
subtype: granulation_tissue__granulationtissue__granulation new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process
subtype: proud_flesh__proudflesh the swollen tissue around a healing wound or ulcer
subtype: lymphatic_tissue__lymphatictissue__lymphoidtissue tissue making up the lymphatic system
subtype: palatine_tonsil__tonsil__faucial_tonsil__faucialtonsil__tonsilla either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx
subtype: spleen__lien a large dark-red oval organ on the left side of the body between the stomach and the diaphragm; produces cells involved in immune responses
subtype: lymph_node__lymphnode__lymph_gland__lymphgland__node the source of lymph and lymphocytes
subtype: axillary_node any of the lymph glands of the armpit; fights infections in the neck and chest and arm regions
subtype: Peyer's_patch__Peter's_gland any of several lymph nodes in the walls of the intestines near the junction of the ileum and colon
subtype: bubo a lymph node that is inflamed and swollen because of plague or gonorrhea or tuberculosis
subtype: pharyngeal_tonsil__adenoid__Luschka's_tonsil__third_tonsil__thirdtonsil__tonsilla_pharyngealis__tonsilla_adenoidea a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children"
subtype: cartilage__gristle tough elastic tissue; mostly converted to bone in adults
subtype: meniscus a disk of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the ends of bones that meet at a point
subtype: fibrocartilage cartilage that is largely composed of fibers like those in ordinary connective tissue
subtype: hyaline_cartilage__hyalinecartilage translucent cartilage that is common in joints and the respiratory passages; forms most of the fetal skeleton
subtype: arytenoid_cartilage__arytenoidcartilage__arytenoid__arytaenoid either of two small cartilages at the back of the larynx to which the vocal folds are attached
subtype: thyroid_cartilage__thyroidcartilage__Adam's_apple the largest cartilage of the larynx
subtype: erectile_tissue__erectiletissue vascular tissue capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid
subtype: muscular_tissue__muscle animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells
subtype: striated_muscle__skeletal_muscle__striated_muscle_tissue muscle tissue characterized by transverse stripes
subtype: cardiac_muscle__cardiacmuscle__heart_muscle__heartmuscle the muscle tissue of the heart; adapted to continued rhythmic contraction
subtype: cardiac_pacemaker__cardiacpacemaker__pacemaker__sinoatrial_node__SA_node a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
subtype: papillary_muscle__papillarymuscle any of several muscles associated with the atrioventricular valves; "the papillary muscles contract during systole to prevent regurgitation of blood into the atria"
subtype: atrioventricular_bundle__bundle_of_His__atrioventricular_trunk__truncus_atrioventricularis a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
subtype: atrioventricular_node a node of specialized heart muscle located in the septal wall of the right atrium; receives impulses from the sinoatrial node and transmits them to atrioventricular bundle
subtype: myocardium the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
subtype: Purkinje_fiber a specialized cardiac muscle fiber that is part of the Purkinje network
subtype: Purkinje_network__Purkinje's_tissue__Purkinje's_system a network of Purkinje fibers that carry the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles of the heart and causes them to contract
subtype: smooth_muscle muscle tissue that does not appear striated under the microscope; has the form of thin layers or sheets
subtype: fibrous_tissue__fibroustissue tissue consisting or or containing fibers in both animals and plants
subtype: trabecula rod-shaped structures of fibrous tissue that divide an organ into parts (as in the penis) or stabilize the structure of an organ (as in the spleen)
subtype: nervous_tissue__nervoustissue__nerve_tissue__nervetissue tissue composed of neurons
subtype: fiber_bundle__fiberbundle__fibre_bundle__fibrebundle__fascicle__fasciculus a bundle of fibers (especially nerve fibers)
subtype: fornix an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
subtype: nervus__nerve any bundle of nerve fibers running to various organs and tissues of the body
subtype: motor_nerve__motornerve a nerve that activates muscles or glands
subtype: sensory_nerve__sensorynerve a nerve that leads from receptors to the central nervous system
subtype: lemniscus__lemniscu__fillet a bundle of sensory nerve fibers going to the thalamus
subtype: cranial_nerve__cranialnerve any of the 12 paired nerves that originate in the brain stem
subtype: olfactory_nerve__olfactorynerve__nervii_olfactorii__first_cranial_nerve__firstcranialnerve a collective term for numerous olfactory filaments in the nasal mucosa
subtype: optic_nerve__opticnerve__nervus_opticus__second_cranial_nerve__optic_tract__optictract serves the retina
subtype: oculomotor_nerve__oculomotor__nervus_oculomotorius__third_cranial_nerve__thirdcranialnerve supplies extrinsic muscles of the eye
subtype: trochlear_nerve__trochlearnerve__trochlear__trochlearis__trochleari__fourth_cranial_nerve either of the two cranial nerves on either side that control the superior oblique muscles of the eyes
subtype: trigeminal_nerve__trigeminal__trigeminus__nervus_trigeminus__fifth_cranial_nerve the main sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for the muscles of mastication
subtype: abducent_nerve__abducent__abducens__abducens_nerve__nervus_abducens__sixth_cranial_nerve__sixthcranialnerve a small motor nerve supplying the lateral rectus muscle of the eye
subtype: facial_nerve__facial__nervus_facialis__seventh_cranial_nerve__seventhcranialnerve cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
subtype: acoustic_nerve__auditory_nerve__vestibulocochlear_nerve__vestibulocochlearnerve__nervus_vestibulocochlearis__eighth_cranial_nerve a composite sensory nerve supplying the hair cells of the vestibular organ and the hair cells of the cochlea
subtype: glossopharyngeal_nerve__nervus_glossopharyngeus__ninth_cranial_nerve sensory nerve to the pharynx and back of the tongue; motor fibers innervate muscles that elevate the pharynx and larynx; includes parasympathetic fibers to the the otic ganglion
subtype: nervus_vagus__vagus__vagu__vagus_nerve__vagusnerve__pneumogastric__pneumogastric_nerve__pneumogastricnerve__tenth_cranial_nerve__tenthcranialnerve__wandering_nerve__wanderingnerve a mixed nerve that supplies the pharynx and larynx and lungs and heart and esophagus and stomach and most of the abdominal viscera
subtype: accessory_nerve__accessorynerve__spinal_accessory__nervus_accessorius__eleventh_cranial_nerve arises from two sets of roots (cranial and spinal) that unite to form the accessory nerve trunk
subtype: hypoglossal_nerve__hypoglossalnerve__hypoglossal__nervus_hypoglosus__twelfth_cranial_nerve__twelfthcranialnerve supplies intrinsic muscles of the tongue and other tongue muscles
subtype: depressor_nerve__depressornerve__depressor any nerve whose activity tends to reduce the activity or tone of the body part it serves
subtype: radial_nerve__nervus_radialis__musculospiral_nerve__musculospiralnerve largest branch of the brachial plexus; extends down the humerus to the lateral epicondyle where it divides into one branch that goes to the skin on the back of the hand and another that goes to the underlying extensor muscles
subtype: splanchnic_nerve any of several nerves of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system that innervate viscera and blood vessels
subtype: sciatic_nerve__sciaticnerve__nervus_ischiadicus arises from the sacral plexus and passes about halfway down the thigh where it divides into the common peroneal and tibial nerves
subtype: saphenous_nerve__nervus_saphenus a branch of the femoral nerve that supplies cutaneous branches to the inner aspect of the leg and foot
subtype: ulnar_nerve__ulnarnerve__cubital_nerve__cubitalnerve__nervus_ulnaris a nerve running along the inner side of the arm and passing near the elbow; supplies intrinsic muscles of the hand and the skin of the medial side of the hand
subtype: funny_bone__funnybone__crazy_bone__crazybone a point on the elbow where the ulnar nerve passes near the surface; a sharp tingling sensation results when the nerve is knocked against the bone; "the funny bone is not humerus"
subtype: spinal_nerve__nervus_spinalis any of the 31 pairs of nerves emerging from each side of the spinal cord (each attached to the cord by two roots: ventral and dorsal)
subtype: femoral_nerve__femoralnerve__nervus_femoralis__anterior_crural_nerve one of a pair of nerves that originate from lumbar nerves and supply the muscles and skin of the anterior part of the thigh
subtype: phrenic_nerve__phrenicnerve__nervus_phrenicus one of a pair of nerves that arises from cervical spinal roots and passes down the thorax to innervate the diaphragm and control breathing
subtype: cervical_nerve any of eight pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the cervical section of the spinal cord
subtype: coccygeal_nerve__coccygealnerve__nervus_coccygeus the lowest pair of spinal nerves
subtype: lumbar_nerve any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the lumbar section of the spinal cord
subtype: sacral_nerve any of five pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the sacral region of the spinal cord
subtype: thoracic_nerve any of twelve pairs of spinal nerves emerging from the thoracic region of the spinal cord
subtype: nerve_pathway__nervepathway__tract__nerve_tract__nervetract__pathway a bundle of nerve fibers following a path through the brain
subtype: peduncle a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
subtype: corpus_callosum a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
subtype: pyramidal_tract__pyramidaltract__pyramidal_motor_system__pyramidalmotorsystem__corticospinal_tract__corticospinaltract any of the important nerve pathways on each side of the central nervous system that run from the sensorimotor areas of the cortex through the brainstem to motor neurons of the cranial nerve nuclei and the ventral horn of the spinal cord
subtype: grey_matter__gray_matter__grey_substance__gray_substance__substantia_grisea greyish nervous tissue containing cell bodies as well as fibers; forms the cerebral cortex consisting of unmyelinated neurons
subtype: white_matter__whitematter__substantiaalba whitish nervous tissue of the CNS consisting of neurons and their myelin sheaths
subtype: gingiva__gum the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
subtype: flap.animal_tissue a movable piece of tissue partly connected to the body
subtype: uvula a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
subtype: soft_palate__velum a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
subtype: protective_fold a flap of tissue that protects what it covers
subtype: eyelid__lid either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
subtype: nictitating_membrane__nictitatingmembrane__thirdeyelid a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
subtype: haw the nictitating membrane of a horse
subtype: cusp.flap__leaflet a thin triangular flap of a heart valve
subtype: tissue_layer__membrane a pliable sheet of tissue that covers or lines or connects organs or cells of animals
subtype: trophoblast the membrane that forms the wall of the blastocyst in early development; aids implantation in the uterine wall; "after implantation of the blastocyst in the uterine wall the trophoblast divides into two layers, the chorion and the placenta"
subtype: chorioallantois__chorioallantoi__chorioallantoic_membrane__chorioallantoicmembrane very vascular fetal membrane composed of the fused chorion and adjacent wall of the allantois
subtype: web.tissue_layer membrane connecting the toes of some aquatic birds and mammals
subtype: Bowman's_capsule__glomerular_capsule__capsula_glomeruli__capsulaglomeruli thin double membrane surrounding the glomerulus of a nephron
subtype: axolemma outer membrane covering an axon
subtype: basilar_membrane__basilarmembrane a membrane in the cochlea that supports the Organ of Corti
subtype: fetal_membrane__fetalmembrane any membrane that functions for the protection or nourishment of respiration or excretion of a developing fetus
subtype: allantois__allantoi vascular fetal membrane that develops from the hindgut in embryonic higher vertebrates (mammals; birds; reptiles)
subtype: caul__veil__embryonic_membrane__embryonicmembrane the inner embryonic membrane of higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth)
subtype: umbilical_cord__umbilicalcord membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
subtype: choroid_coat__choroidcoat__choroid a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera
subtype: ciliary_body__ciliarybody the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris
subtype: cornea transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera
subtype: arcus_senilis__arcussenili__arcus__arcu an arc-shaped whitish deposit sometimes seen in the cornea
subtype: midriff__diaphragm (anatomy) a muscular partition separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities; functions in respiration
subtype: eardrum__tympanum__tympanic_membrane__myringa the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
subtype: perforated_eardrum an eardrum with a hole or tear in it; can interfere with normal hearing and cause other ear problems
subtype: endocranium membrane lining the inside of the skull
subtype: endosteum vascular membrane that lines the inner surface of long bones
subtype: ependyma thin epithelial membrane lining the ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord canal
subtype: fertilization_membrane__fertilizationmembrane the membrane that forms around a fertilized ovum and prevents penetration by additional spermatozoon
subtype: hyaloid_membrane__hyaloidmembrane transparent membrane that enveloping the vitreous humor of the eye and separating it from the retina
subtype: intima the innermost membrane of an organ (especially the inner lining of an artery or vein or lymphatic vessel)
subtype: iris muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil; it forms the colored portion of the eye
subtype: lamella.tissue_layer a thin membrane that is one of the calcified layers that form bones
subtype: lens_capsule a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens
subtype: meninx__meninges a membrane (one of 3) that envelops the brain and spinal cord
subtype: leptomeninges__leptomeninge the two innermost layers of the meninges; cerebrospinal fluid circulates between these innermost layers
subtype: dura_mater__dura the outermost (and toughest) of the 3 meninges
subtype: arachnoid_membrane__arachnoidmembrane__arachnoid the middle of the 3 meninges
subtype: pia_mater__piamater the highly vascular innermost of the 3 meninges
subtype: mucous_membrane__mucosa mucus-secreting membrane lining all body cavities or passages that communicate with the exterior
subtype: conjunctiva a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
subtype: pinguecula a slightly elevated elastic tissue deposit in the conjunctiva that may extend to the cornea but does not cover it
subtype: pterygium a thickened triangular layer of conjunctiva extending from the nasal edge of the eye to the cornea; pterygia arise from irritation of the pinguecula
subtype: endometrium the mucous membrane that lines the uterus; thickens under hormonal control and (if pregnancy does not occur) is shed in menstruation; if pregnancy occurs it is shed along with the placenta at parturition
subtype: hymen__maidenhead__virginal_membrane a fold of tissue that partly covers the entrance to the vagina of a virgin
subtype: imperforate_hymen__imperforatehymen hymen that is completely closed so that menstrual blood cannot flow out
subtype: periosteum a dense fibrous membrane covering the surface of bones (except at their extremities) and serving as an attachment for tendons and muscles; contains nerves and blood vessels that nourish the enclosed bone
subtype: perithelium tissue layer around small blood vessels
subtype: retina the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
subtype: sarcolemma an extensible membrane enclosing the contractile substance of a muscle fiber
subtype: semipermeable_membrane__semipermeablemembrane a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others
subtype: cell_wall__cell_membrane__plasma_membrane a thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell; controls passage of substances in and out of the cell
subtype: serous_membrane__serosa a thin membrane lining the closed cavities of the body; has two layers with a space between that is filled with serous fluid
subtype: pleura the thin serous membrane around the lungs and inner walls of the chest
subtype: parietal_pleura pleura that lines the inner chest walls and covers the diaphragm
subtype: visceral_pleura pleura that covers the lungs
subtype: peritoneum a transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity in mammals and covers most of the viscera
subtype: mesentery a double layer of peritoneum that attaches to the back wall of the abdominal cavity and supports the small intestines
subtype: mesocolon mesentery that holds the lower colon the back abdominal wall
subtype: omentum a fold of peritoneum supporting the viscera
subtype: greater_omentum__greateromentum__gastrocolic_omentum__gastrocolicomentum__caul part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and to the colon and covering the intestines
subtype: lesser_omentum a part of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and liver and supporting the hepatic vessels
subtype: endocardium the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
subtype: pericardium a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
subtype: epicardium__visceral_pericardium the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
subtype: parietal_pericardium the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
subtype: synovial_membrane__synovium a thin membrane in synovial (freely moving) joints that lines the point capsule and secretes synovial fluid
subtype: tunica__tunic__adventitia an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue
subtype: albuginea whitish tunic
subtype: sclera__sclerotic_coat__scleroticcoat whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball
subtype: tunica_albuginea_testes whitish cover of the testicle
subtype: cortex the tissue forming the outer layer of an organ or structure in plant or animal
subtype: adrenal_cortex__adrenalcortex the cortex of the adrenal gland; secretes corticosterone and sex hormones
subtype: renal_cortex__renalcortex the cortex of the kidney containing the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules
subtype: medulla the inner part of an organ or structure in plant or animal
subtype: adrenal_medulla__adrenalmedulla the medulla of the adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine
subtype: matrix.animal_tissue the formative tissue at the base of a nail
subtype: graft__transplant (surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient
subtype: autograft tissue that is taken from one site and grafted to another site on the same person; "skin from his thigh replaced the burned skin on his arms"
subtype: homograft__allograft tissue or organ transplanted from a donor of the same species but different genetic makeup; recipient's immune system must be suppressed to prevent rejection of the graft
subtype: heterograft__xenograft tissue from an animal of one species used as a temporary graft (as in cases of severe burns) on an individual of another species
subtype: stroma the supporting tissue of an organ (as opposed to parenchyma)
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