Query    -- Templates -- Thing   Situation     Process   Description   Collection   -- Commands   (see "control structures" at the end of this list for how to combine commands) -- ================== Search & Display ================================ spec CG1/T1   //give the specialisations of a CG or type ('?' may be used instead of "spec") gene CG/T1   //give the generalisations of a CG or type def of T1   //give the list of lambdas used for defining T1 on [CGs | def | lambdas | all]   //the next queries must be done on CGs and/or type definitions use [linear | CGs | Repr | Repr&CGs]   //-> query results show [linear] CGs and/or document elements [no] meta   //next CG displays must [not] show meta-information [no] context   //next CG displays must [not] show their context display CG1 [CG2... CGn]   //useful with CG names or pipes ================== Test ================================== ? CG1/T1 < CG2/T2   //test if CG1 (resp. T1) specializes CG2 (resp. T2) proj CG1 CG2   //project CG1 on CG2 ================== Assertion ============================== CT1 {* comment *}   //declare the concept type CT1 CT1 : CT1   //declare the instance I1 (the spaces are important here) RT1 (CT1,..,CTn) {* comment *}   //declare the relation type RT1 and its signature CG1   //assert CG1 T1 > T2 [T3 .. Tn]   //subtype T1 by T2 ..Tn T1 < T2 [T3 .. Tn]   //subtype T2 ..Tn by T1 NSC for T1 (x1,..,xn) are CG1   //define the relation type T1 with necessary&sufficient conditions NC for T1 (x) are CG1   //add a definition with necessary conditions to the concept type T1 SC for T1 (x) are CG1   //add a definition with sufficient conditions to the concept type T1 TC for T1 (x) are CG1   //add a definition with typical conditions (schema) to the concept type T1 name new_name CG1   //(re)assert CG1 or a lambda and (re)name it (even if other CGs refered to it) copy CG1 CG2_name   //(re)assert and copy CG1 under another name ================== CG generation ========================== maxjoin [-n CG_result_name] CG1 CG2 [CG3 ... CGn]   //join CGs -> maximal number of nodes isojoin on c1 c2 CG1 CG2 [CG_result_name]   //isojoin on two CGs join on c1 c2 CG1 CG2 [CG_result_name]   //join on two CGs; concept format: type[:referent] ijoin on c1 c2 CG [CG_result_name]   //internal join on a CG ---------------- Combination example ------------------ spec CG | maxjoin   //join the specialisations of a CG ================== Deletion ============================== delCT CT1 [CT2 ... CTn]   //delete concept types if no CG uses them delRT RT1 [RT2 ... RTn]   //delete relation types if no CG uses them delI I1 [I2 ... In]   //delete individual marks if no CG uses them delCG CG1 [CG2 ... CGn]   //delete CG(s) delDef L1 [L2 ... Ln]   //delete definitions (-> defined types may become atomic) delCGs   //delete all CGs ================== Run/Load/Call ======================== run DOC [ARG1 ... ARGn]   //display and execute the commands which are in the document load DOC [ARG1 ... ARGn]   //execute the commands which are in the documents load whatIs.html T1/C1   //"whatIs" lists the characteristics of a type or a concept call DOC1 [ARG1 ... ARGn]   //call a CGI server or open a document (with the GET method) ================== Miscellaneous ======================== echo [-n] [ARG1 ... ARGn]   //similar to Unix echo nbArguments [ARG1 ... ARGn]   //count the number of arguments count [-bytes] [-words] [-lines] [-paragraphs] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //similar to Unix wc pwd   //similar to Unix pwd cd [DIR]   //similar to Unix cd cat [-removeHTMLmarks | -makeURLsVisible] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //similar to Unix cat grep [OPTIONS] REGULAR_EXPR [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix grep fgrep [OPTIONS] STRING [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix fgrep diff [OPTIONS] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix diff head [OPTIONS] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix head tail [OPTIONS] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix tail awk [-Fc] [prog] [parameters] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //cf. Unix awk accessibleDocFrom [-maxlevel DIGIT] [-HTMLonly] [DOC1 ... DOCn]   //like Unix find; default maxlevel: 1 ================== Control structures =================== COMMAND_RETURNING_SMALL_VALUES | COMMAND   //commands returning CGs may be piped if ( STRING_OR_NUMBER_COMPARISON ) { COMMANDS } [ else { COMMANDS } ] while ( STRING_OR_NUMBER_COMPARISON ) { COMMANDS }   //op.: <, >, <=, >=, = (==), != and ! do { COMMANDS } while ( STRING_OR_NUMBER_COMPARISON )   //op.: <, >, <=, >=, = (==), != and ! for VAR in ( WHITE_SEPARATED_STRINGS ) { COMMANDS }   for VAR in STRING { COMMANDS }   //the different values in the string must be separated by spaces set VARIABLE VALUE   //set a variable; then, prefixed by '$', this variable will be substituted by its value Restricted interface

Examples of queries --- Select one here or copy/paste one below --- Querying knowledge in a documentation file Script showing the possibilities of the language Querying an ontology Querying on knowledge indexing a file Querying an image base Querying CGs indexing files Solving the Sisyphus1 office allocation problem Testing the Formalised English