IPSD_method
  synonym: Interactive_Process_oriented_System_Development_method (p218 rw),
  description: combination_of_BPR_lifecycle_and_RAD (p219 rw),
  phase: preparation_phase (p221 rw)  diagnosis_phase (p222 rw)   
         process_redesign_phase (p225 rw)
         requirement_definition_phase (p228 rw)  architecture_phase (p231 rw) 
         component_design_phase (p232 rw)  construction_phase (p233 rw)  
         integration_phase (p234 rw)
         delivery_phase (p234 rw)  enactment_phase (rw)  
         monitor_and_improvement_phase (p237 rw),
  advantage: quick_and_easy_development (p220 rw),
  part: focus_on_business_process (p221 rw)   
        consider_effect_to_whole_organisation (p221 rw)
        get_senior_management_support (p221 rw)
        emphasise_project_target (p221 rw)
        consider_basic_IPSD_principle (rw)  be_prepared_for_scope_creep (rw)
        legacy_system_integration (rw);

  consider_basic_IPSD_principle
    part: focus_on_BP (rw)  get_management_support (rw)
          enable_equal_contribution_and_responsibility_within_team (rw)
          emphasise_project_targets_not_performance (rw)
          allow_for_error (rw)
          track_planning_at_completion_of_each_stage (rw)
          evolve_specifications_during_the_lifecycle (rw)
          keep_management_responsibility_within_project_team (rw);

  RAD
    synonym: Rapid_Application_Development (rw),
    advantage: increase_speed (rw)  cost_reduction (rw)
               quality_improvement (rw),
    specialization: cyclical_RAD (rw)  iterative_RAD (rw),
    phase: requirement_planning_phase (rw)  user_design_phase (rw)
           construction_phase (rw)  design_phase (rw),
    part: use_prototyping (rw)  use_incremental_development (rw)
          implement_JAD (rw)  choose_development_method (rw);

    choose_development_method 
      part: incremental_development (rw)  phased_delivery_and_enactment (rw);

      incremental_development
        part: break_development_into_small_portion (rw);

      phased_delivery_and_enactment
        part: single_overall_design (rw)  phase_delivery_of_design (rw)
              phase_enactment_of_design (rw); 
 
    cyclical_RAD
      informal_definition: "end process is used as start for
                            next iteration" (rw);

    implement_JAD
      part: get_user_input (rw)   get_developer_input (rw)
            implement_interactive_workshop (rw);
   
  BPR
    synonym: Business_Process_Reengineering (rw),
    phase: diagnosis (rw)
           redesign (rw)
           reconstruction (rw)
           operational_phase (rw),
    part: start_design_from_scratch (rw);  

  preparation_phase 
    part: appoint_project_team (p221 rw)   define_project_purpose (p221 rw)
        write_draft_project_plan (p221 rw)   obtain_project_approval (p221 rw),
    output: overall_project_plan (p221 rw);

  diagnosis_phase
    part: analyse_current_process (p224 rw)
          identify_scope_of_project (p224 rw)
          generate_vision_for_redesign (p224 rw),
    output: objective_for_change (p225 rw)
            KPI (p225 rw)  use_case (p225 rw)
            element_list_to_be_reengineered (p225 rw)
            boundary_conditions_on_time_and_money (p225 rw)
            specification_of_KPI_target (p225 rw)
            ideas_for_improvement (p225 rw);

    analyse_current_process
      part: identify_symptom_of_sick_process (rw);
    
  redesign_phase
    part: model_current_process (p227 rw)   develop_alternative (p227 rw)
          analyse_and_test_alternative (p227 rw)
          evaluate_alternative (p227 rw)  
          consider_consequence_to_organisation (p227 rw);

    develop_alternative
      part: check_necessity_of_each_task (rw)
            consider_the_size_of_each_task (rw)
            compare_generic_process_to_specific_process (rw)
            introduce_parallelism (rw)
            investigate_IT_opportunity (rw)
            improve_resource_allocation (rw)
            improve_communication_structure (rw);
          
    evaluate_alternative
      part: time_evaluation (rw)  quality_evaluation (rw)  cost_evaluation (rw)
            flexibility_evaluation (rw);

      flexibility_evaluation
        specialisation: resource_flexibility_evaluation (rw)  
                        process_flexibility_evaluation (rw)
                        management_flexibility_evaluation (rw)  
                        organisation_flexibility_evaluation (rw); 

        process_flexibility_evaluation
          informal_definition: "ability to handle various cases 
                                and changing workloads" (rw);

        management_flexibility_evaluation
          informal_definition: "ability to change rules/allocation" (rw);

        organisational_flexibility_evaluation
          informal_definition: "ability to change structure and 
                                responsiveness to market demand" (rw);

    cost_evaluation
      specialisation: fixed_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      variable_cost_evaluation (rw)  
                      human_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      system_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      external_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      processing_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      management_cost_evaluation (rw)
                      support_cost_evaluation (rw);

    quality_evaluation
      specialisation: external_quality_evaluation (rw)  
                      internal_quality_evaluation (rw);
   
      external_quality_evaluation
        specialisation: customer_satisfaction_evaluation (rw);
      
      internal_quality_evaluation
        specialisation: condition_of_work_evaluation (rw);

    time_evaluation 
      specialisation: throughput_time_evaluation (rw)
                      service_time_evaluation (rw)
                      transport_time_evaluation (rw)
                      waiting_time_evaluation (rw);

      waiting_time_evaluation
        specialisation: limited_capacity (rw)
                        external_communication (rw);
            
  requirement_definition_phase 
    part: conduct_requirement_workshop (p228 rw)
          develop_risk_management_measurement (p228 rw)
          develop_project_schedule (p228 rw)
          develop_project_budget (p228 rw) 
          write_detailed_project_plan (p228 rw), 
    output: rough_data_model (p228 rw)
            rough_functional_model (p228 rw)
            matrix_of_function (p228 rw)
            detailed_project_plan (p228 rw);

  architecture_phase
    agent: technical_expert (rw),
    part: describe_architecture (rw)
          establish_standard_and_guideline (p231 rw)
          develop_and_test_prototype (p231 rw)
          interface_system_component (rw),
   output: architecture_description (p231 rw)
           prototype (p231 rw)
           standard_and_requirement_of_component (p231 rw);

   describe_architecture 
     part: define_and_illustrate_functional_architecture (p231 rw)
           define_and_illustrate_technical_architecture (p231 rw)
           establish_relationship_framework (rw);
      
     establish_relationship_framework
       part: describe_technical_infrastructure (rw)
             describe_WFM_software (rw)
             describe_development_tool (rw)
             describe_interface_description (rw)
             describe_GUI (rw); 
     
      
     define_and_illustrate_functional_architecture
       part: divide_system_into_functionally_independent_component (rw),
       advantage: parallel_design_on_component (rw);

     define_and_illustrate_technical_architecture
       part: divide_system_into_software_and_hardware_component (rw);

  component_design_phase
    part: synchronise_data_model_and_user_interface (p232 rw)
          establish_specifications_of_links_with_other_component (p232 rw)
       define_functionality_of_data_processing_and_workflow_element (p232 rw),
    output: standard_user_interface (p232 rw)
            specification_of_workflow_in_WFSM (p232 rw)
            specification_of_data_processing_component (p232 rw)
            final_system_prototype (p232 rw)
            description_of_required_links_to_component (p232 rw)
            informal_user_acceptance (rw);

  construction_phase
    agent: user (rw)  project_team (rw),
    informal_definition: "takes the agreed functionality and converts 
                          it into a working system" (rw),
    part: integrate_and_optimise_WFMS (p233 rw)
          set_up_test_environment (p233 rw)
          complete_system_documentation (p233 rw)
          complete_system_testing (p233 rw)
          prepare_integration_and_acceptance_testing (p233 rw),
    output: system_documentation (p233 rw)
            integration_and_acceptance_test_plan (p233 rw)
            components_ready_for_integration_testing (p233 rw)
            conversion_software (p233 rw);
         
  integration_phase
    part: test_conversion (p234 rw)  write_comprehensive_test_plan (rw)
          analyse_performance_of_integration_test (p234 rw)
          rectify_fault (p234 rw)  write_test_report (p234 rw)
          test_system_as_a_whole (rw),
    output: environment_and_software_ready_for_acceptance_testing (p234 rw)
            test_script (p234 rw)  test_report (p234 rw);

  delivery_phase
    agent: user (rw),
    tool: formal_test_script (rw),
    part: perform_acceptance_testing (p235 rw)  rectify_fault (p235 rw)
          write_acceptance_test_report (p235 rw),
    output: environment_and_software_ready_for_use (p235 rw)
            formal_acceptance_by_user (p235 rw)
            formal_acceptance_by_management (p235 rw)
            acceptance_test_report (p235 rw)
            accurate_and_predicable_processing_result (rw);

    perform_acceptance_testing
      tool: use_case (rw),
      part: test_funcyionality (rw)  test_everyday_use_of_the_system (rw)
            test_user_management (rw)
            test_documentation_is_complete_and_user_friendly (rw);

  enactment_phase
    part: communicate_project_progress (p236 rw)
          communicate_forthcoming_changing (p236 rw)
          describe_organisational_structure (p236 rw)
          prepare_case_description (p236 rw)
          prepare_manual (p236 rw)  prepare_training_material (p236 rw)
          provide_training_provision (p236 rw)
          plan_and_enact_technical_infrastructure (p236 rw)
          prepare_and_supervise_conversion (p236 rw)
          supervise_change_process (p236 rw)
          involve_management_and_staff (rw)
          prepare_resistance_to_change_strategy (rw),
    output: enactment_plan (p236 rw)  communication_plan (p236 rw)
            conversion_plan (p236 rw)  organisational_model (p236 rw)
            case_description (p236 rw)  project_enactment_manual (p236 rw)
            information_and_training_material (p236 rw)
            infrastructure (p236 rw);

    involve_management_and_staff
      advantage: combat_social_and_organisational_inertia (rw);

  monitoring_and_improvement
    purpose: prompt_minor_improvement (p238 rw),
    part: monitor_performance_against_KPI (p238 rw)
          provide_ongoing_maintenance (rw)
          exercise_CPI;

   exercise_CPI
     synonym: Continuous_Process_Improvement (p237 rw);
     
  legacy_system_integration
    part: modify_legacy_system (rw)  build_front_end_to_legacy_system (rw)
          redesign_entire_system (rw);

Petri_net
  specialisation: structural_bounded_petri_net (rw)
                  strongly_connected_petri_net (rw)
                  state_machine_petri_net (rw)  workflow_net (rw);

  workflow_net
    informal_definition: "petri net modelling the control-flow 
                          dimension of a workflow" (rw);
   
  state_machine_petri_net
    informal_definition: "every transition has exactly one input 
                          and one output place" (rw);

  strongly_connected_petri_net 
    informal_definition: "every pair of nodes (ie place and transition) x and y
                          there is a path leading from x to y" (rw); 

  structurally_bounded_petri_net
    part: live_petri_net (rw)  bounded_petri_net (rw);

KPI
  synonym: key_performance_indicator (rw),
  specialisation: throughput_time (rw)  waiting_time (rw)  service_level (rw)  
                  occupation_rate (rw)  number_of_cases (rw),
  part: null_measure;

  null_measure
    informal_definition: "null measures on existing systems show the real 
                          improvement can be made by development" (rw);

symptom_of_sick_process
  part: unnecessary_sequential_and_bureaucratic_activity (rw)
        excessive__use_of_form_and_approval (rw)
        paper_usage (rw)
        policy_guideline_or_rule_ignored (rw),
  object of: identify_symptom_of_sick_process (rw);