Individuals in WordNet 1.7

#Regency (^(England) the Regency was the period from 1811-1820 when the Prince of Wales was regent during George III's periods of insanity^)
   ^  #rule.duration;


#Neolithic_Age (^latest part of the Stone Age beginning about 10,000 BC in the middle east (but later elsewhere)^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #Stone_Age;


#Mesolithic_Age (^middle part of the Stone Age beginning about 15,000 years ago^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #Stone_Age;


#Paleolithic_Age (^second part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,000 years ago^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #Stone_Age;


#Eolithic_Age (^the earliest part of the Stone Age marked by the earliest signs of human culture^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #Stone_Age;


#Stone_Age (^(archeology) the earliest known period of human culture, characterized by the use of stone implements^)
   ^  #time_period,
   p  #Eolithic_Age  #Paleolithic_Age  #Mesolithic_Age  #Neolithic_Age,
   P  #prehistory;


#Iron_Age (^(archeology) the period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #prehistory;


#Bronze_Age (^(archeology) a period between the Stone and Iron ages, characterized by the manufacture and use of bronze tools and weapons^)
   ^  #time_period,
   P  #prehistory;


#Roman_calendar (^the lunar calender in use in ancient Rome; replaced by the Julian calendar in 46 BC^)
   ^  #lunar_calendar;


#Judgment_Day__Judgement_Day__Day_of_Judgment__Day_of_Judgement__Doomsday__Last_Judgment__Last_Judgement__Last_Day (^(New Testament) day of the Last Judgment when God will decree the fates of all men according to the good and evil of their earthly lives^)
   ^  #particular_day;


#V-J_Day__15August_1945 (^the date of Allied victory over Japan, World War II^)
   ^  #V-day;


#V-E_Day__8_May_1945 (^the date of Allied victory in Europe, World War II^)
   ^  #V-day;


#D-day__6_June_1944 (^day of the allied landing in France, World War II^)
   ^  #day_of_the_month;


#1790s (^the decade from 1790 to 1799^)
   ^  #decade;


#nineties__1890s (^the decade from 1890 to 1899^)
   ^  #decade;


#1990s__nineties (^the decade from 1990 to 1999^)
   ^  #decade;


#1780s (^the decade from 1780 to 1789^)
   ^  #decade;


#eighties__1880s (^the decade from 1880 to 1979^)
   ^  #decade;


#1980s__eighties (^the decade from 1980 to 1989^)
   ^  #decade;


#1770s (^the decade from 1770 to 1779^)
   ^  #decade;


#1870s (^the decade from 1870 to 1879^)
   ^  #decade;


#seventies__1970s (^the decade from 1970 to 1979^)
   ^  #decade;


#1760s (^the decade from 1760 to 1769^)
   ^  #decade;


#1860s (^the decade from 1860 to 1869^)
   ^  #decade;


#sixties__1960s (^the decade from 1960 to 1969^)
   ^  #decade;


#1750s (^the decade from 1750 to 1759^)
   ^  #decade;


#1850s (^the decade from 1850 to 1859^)
   ^  #decade;


#fifties__1950s (^the decade from 1950 to 1959^)
   ^  #decade;


#1840s (^the decade from 1840 to 1849^)
   ^  #decade;


#forties__1940s (^the decade from 1940 to 1949^)
   ^  #decade;


#1830s (^the decade from 1830 to 1839^)
   ^  #decade;


#thirties__1930s (^the decade from 1930 to 1939^)
   ^  #decade;


#1820s (^the decade from 1820 to 1829^)
   ^  #decade;


#twenties__1920s (^the decade from 1920 to 1929^)
   ^  #decade;


#1530s (^the decade from 1530 to 1539^)
   ^  #decade;


#1900s (^the decade from 1900 to 1909^)
   ^  #decade;


#Archean_era__Archean__Archeozoic__Archaeozoic__Archeozoic_era__Archaeozoic_era (^the time prior to 2,500 million years ago; earth's crust formed; unicellular organisms are earliest forms of life^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   P  #Precambrian_period;


#Proterozoic__Preoterozoic_era (^from 2,500 to 544 million years ago; bacteria and fungi; primitive multicellular organisms^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   P  #Precambrian_period;


#Precambrian_period__Precambrian (^the geological era before about 544 million years ago^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   p  #Proterozoic  #Archean_era;


#Missippian_period__Mississippian__Lower_Carboniferous__Lower_Carboniferous_period (^from 310 million to 345 million years ago; increase of land areas; primitive ammonites; winged insects^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Carboniferous_period;


#Pennsylvanian_period__Pennsylvanian__Upper_Carboniferous__Upper_Carboniferous_period (^from 280 million to 310 million years ago; warm climate; swampy land^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Carboniferous_period;


#Cambrian_period__Cambrian (^from 500 million to about 544 million years ago; marine invertebrates^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Ordovician_period__Ordovician (^from 425 million to 500 million years ago; conodonts and ostracods and algae and seaweeds^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Silurian_period__Silurian (^from 405 million to 425 million years ago; first air-breathing animals^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Devonian_period__Devonian__Age_of_Fishes (^from 345 million to 405 million years ago; dominance of fishes and appearance of amphibians and ammonites^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Carboniferous_period__Carboniferous (^from 280 million to 345 million years ago^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   p  #Pennsylvanian_period  #Missippian_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Permian_period__Permian (^from 230 million to 280 million years ago; reptiles^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Paleozoic_era;


#Paleozoic_era__Paleozoic (^from 230 million to about 544 million years ago^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   p  #Permian_period  #Carboniferous_period  #Devonian_period  #Silurian_period  #Ordovician_period  #Cambrian_period;


#Triassic_period__Triassic (^from 190 million to 230 million years ago; dinosaurs, marine reptiles; volcanic activity^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Mesozoic_era;


#Jurassic_period__Jurassic (^from 135 million to 190 million years ago; dinosaurs; conifers^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Mesozoic_era;


#Cretaceous_period__Cretaceous (^from 63 million to 135 million years ago; end of the age of reptiles; appearance of modern insects and flowering plants^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   P  #Mesozoic_era;


#Mesozoic_era__Mesozoic__Age_of_Reptiles (^from 63 million to 230 million years ago^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   p  #Cretaceous_period  #Jurassic_period  #Triassic_period;


#Paleocene_epoch__Paleocene (^from 58 million to 63 million years ago; appearance of birds and earliest mammals^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Tertiary_period;


#Eocene_epoch__Eocene (^from 40 million to 58 million years ago; presence of modern mammals^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Tertiary_period;


#Oligocene_epoch__Oligocene (^from 25 million to 40 million years ago; appearance of sabertoothed cats^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Tertiary_period;


#Miocene_epoch__Miocene (^from 13 million to 25 million years ago; appearance of grazing mammals^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Tertiary_period;


#Pliocene_epoch__Pliocene (^from 2 million to 13 million years ago; growth of mountains; cooling of climate; more and larger mammals^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Tertiary_period;


#Pleistocene_epoch__Pleistocene__Glacial_epoch (^from 11 thousand to 2 millions years ago; extensive glaciation of N hemisphere; time of human evolution^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Quaternary_period;


#Holocene_epoch__Holocene__Recent_epoch (^approximately the last 10,000 years^)
   ^  #epoch,
   P  #Quaternary_period;


#Tertiary_period__Tertiary (^from 2 million to 63 million years ago^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   p  #Pliocene_epoch  #Miocene_epoch  #Oligocene_epoch  #Eocene_epoch  #Paleocene_epoch,
   P  #Cenozoic_era;


#Quaternary_period__Quaternary__Age_of_Man (^last 2 million years^)
   ^  #geological_period,
   p  #Holocene_epoch  #Pleistocene_epoch,
   P  #Cenozoic_era;


#Cenozoic_era__Cenozoic__Age_of_Mammals (^approximately the last 63 million years^)
   ^  #geological_era,
   p  #Quaternary_period  #Tertiary_period;


#Victorian_age (^a period in British history during the reign of Queen Victoria in the 19th century; her character and moral standards restored the prestige of the British monarchy but gave the era a prudish reputation^)
   ^  #age.era;


#Elizabethan_age (^a period in British history during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I in the 16th century; an age marked by literary achievement and domestic prosperity^)
   ^  #age.era;


#Vladimir_Kosma_Zworykin__Zworykin (^United States physicist who invented the iconoscope (1889-1982)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Huldreich_Zwingli__Zwingli__Ulrich_Zwingli (^Swiss theologian whose sermons began the Reformation in Switzerland (1484-1531)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Stefan_Zweig__Zweig (^Austrian writer (1881-1942)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Pinchas_Zukerman__Zukerman (^Israeli violinist (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Richard_Adolph_Zsigmondy__Zsigmondy (^German chemist (born in Austria) honored for his research on colloidal solutions (1865-1929)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Zoroaster__Zarathustra (^Persian prophet who founded Zoroastrianism (circa 628-551 BC)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Emile_Zola__Zola (^French novelist and critic; defender of Dreyfus (1840-1902)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Count_Nikolaus_Ludwig_von_Zinzendorf__Zinzendorf (^German theologian (1700-1760)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Hans_Zinsser__Zinsser (^United States bacteriologist who helped develop immunization against typhus fever (1878-1940)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Fred_Zinnemann__Zinnemann (^United States filmmaker (born in Austria) (1907-1997)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Efrem_Zimbalist__Zimbalist (^United States violinist (born in Russia) (1889-1985)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Karl_Waldemar_Ziegler__Ziegler (^German chemist honored for his research on polymers (1898-1973)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Florenz_Ziegfeld__Ziegfeld__Flo_Ziegfeld (^United States theatrical producer noted for a series of extravagant revues known as the Ziegfeld Follies (1869-1932)^)
   ^  #theatrical_producer;


#Georgi_Konstantinovich_Zhukov__Zhukov (^Soviet general who during World War II directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad and relieved Leningrad and captured Berlin (1896-1974)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Zhou_En-lai__Chou_En-lai (^Chinese revolutionary and communist leader (1898-1976)^)
   ^  #revolutionist  #communist;


#Count_Ferdinand_von_Zeppelin__Zeppelin (^German inventor who designed and built the first rigid motorized dirigible (1838-1917)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Zeno_of_Elea__Zeno (^ancient Greek philosopher who formulated paradoxes that defended the belief that motion and change are illusory (circa 495-430 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Zeno_of_Citium__Zeno (^ancient Greek philosopher who found the Stoic school (circa 335-263 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Pieter_Zeeman__Zeeman (^Dutch physicist honored for his research on the influence of magnetism on radiation which showed that light is radiated by the motion of charged particles in an atom (1865-1943)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Emiliano_Zapata__Zapata (^Mexican revolutionary who led a revolt for agrarian reforms (1879-1919)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Darryl_Francis_Zanuck__Zanuck__Darryl_Zanuck (^United States filmmaker whose works include the first feature-length film with sound sequences (1902-1979)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Israel_Zangwill__Zangwill (^English writer (1864-1926)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Mildred_Ella_Didrikson_Zaharias__Zaharias__Babe_Zaharias__Didrikson__Babe_Didrikson__Mildred_Ella_Didrikson (^outstanding United States athlete (1914-1956)^)
   ^  #athlete;


#Hideki_Yukawa__Yukawa (^Japanese mathematical physicist who proposed that nuclear forces are mediated by massive particles called mesons which are analogous to the photon in mediating electromagnetic forces (1907-1981)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Loretta_Young__Young (^United States film and television actress (1913-2000)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Whitney_Moore_Young_Jr.__Young__Whitney_Young (^United States civil rights leader (1921-1971)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#Thomas_Young__Young (^British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)^)
   ^  #physicist  #Egyptologist;


#Lester_Willis_Young__Young__Pres_Young (^United States jazz tenor saxophonist (1909-1959)^)
   ^  #saxophonist;


#Edward_Young__Young (^English poet (1683-1765)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Danton_True_Young__Young__Cy_Young (^United States baseball player and famous pitcher (1867-1955)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Brigham_Young__Young (^United States religious leader of the Mormon Church after the assassination of Joseph Smith; he led the Mormon exodus from Illinois to Salt Lake City, Utah (1801-1877)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Yevgeni_Aleksandrovich_Yevtushenko__Yevtushenko__Yevgeni_Yevtushenko (^Russian poet who expressed the feelings of the a post-Stalinist generation (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Robert_Mearns_Yerkes__Yerkes__Robert_M._Yerkes (^United States psychologist who studied the intelligence of primates (1876-1956)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#William_Butler_Yeats__Yeats__W._B._Yeats (^Irish poet and dramatist (1865-1939)^)
   ^  #poet  #dramatist;


#Carl_Yastrzemski__Yastrzemski (^United States baseball player (born in 1939)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Yang_Chen_Ning__Chen_N._Yang (^United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Tsung Dao Lee in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1922)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Ahmed_Zoki_Yamani__Yamani (^Saudi Arabian minister of petroleum who was a central figure in the creation of OPEC (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #government_minister;


#Isoroku_Yamamoto__Yamamoto (^Japanese admiral who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 (1884-1943)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Elihu_Yale__Yale (^English philanthropist who made contributions to a college in Connecticut that was renamed in his honor (1649-1721)^)
   ^  #philanthropist;


#Xerxes_I__Xerxes_the_Great (^king of Persia who led a vast army against Greece and won the battle of Thermopylae but was eventually defeated (519-465 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Xenophon (^Greek general and historian; student of Socrates (430-355 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #historian;


#Xenophanes (^Greek philosopher (560-478 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Saint_Francis_Xavier__Xavier (^Spanish Jesuit missionary who establish missionaries in Japan and Ceylon and the East Indies (1506-1552)^)
   ^  #missionary;


#Stefan_Wyszynski__Wyszynski (^Polish prelate who persuaded the Soviet to allow greater religious freedom in Poland (1901-1981)^)
   ^  #archpriest;


#Tammy_Wynette__Wynette__Tammy_Wynetter_Pugh (^United States country singer (1942-1998)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Elinor_Morton_Hoyt_Wylie__Wylie (^United States poet (1885-1928)^)
   ^  #poet;


#William_Wyler__Wyler (^United States filmmaker (1902-1981)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#William_of_Wykeham__Wykeham (^English prelate and statesman; founded New College at Oxford and Winchester College in Winchester; served as Chancellor of England and bishop of Winchester (1324-1404)^)
   ^  #archpriest  #statesman;


#Andrew_Wyeth__Wyeth (^United States painter (born in 1917)^)
   ^  #painter;


#John_Wycliffe__Wycliffe__Wickliffe__John_Wickliffe__Wyclif__John_Wyclif__Wiclif__John_Wiclif (^English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#William_Wycherley__Wycherley (^English playwright noted for his humorous and satirical plays (1640-1716)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#James_Wyatt__Wyatt (^English architect (1746-1813)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Sir_Thomas_Wyatt__Wyatt__Wyat__Sir_Thomas_Wyat (^English poet who introduced the sonnet form to English literature (1503-1542)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Rudolf_Wurlitzer__Wurlitzer (^United States businessman (born in German) who founded a company to make pipe organs (1831-1914)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Willard_Huntington_Wright__Wright__S._S._Van_Dine (^United States writer of detective novels (1888-1939)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Richard_Wright__Wright (^United States writer whose work is concerned with the oppression of Black Americans (1908-1960)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Wilbur_Wright__Wright (^United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Orville Wright) invented the airplane (1867-1912)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Orville_Wright__Wright (^United States aviation pioneer who (with his brother Wilbur Wright) invented the airplane (1871-1948)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Frank_Lloyd_Wright__Wright (^influential United States architect (1869-1959)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Frances_Wright__Wright__Fanny_Wright (^United States early feminist (born in Scotland) (1795-1852)^)
   ^  #feminist;


#Sir_Christopher_Wren__Wren (^English architect who designed more than fifty London churches (1632-1723)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Herman_Wouk__Wouk (^United States writer (born in 1915)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Charles_Frederick_Worth__Worth (^French couturier (born in England) regarded as the founder of Parisian haute couture; noted for introducing the bustle (1825-1895)^)
   ^  #couturier;


#Joseph_Emerson_Worcester__Worcester (^United States lexicographer who was accused of plagiarism by Noah Webster (1784-1865)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Frank_Winfield_Woolworth__Woolworth (^United States businessman who opened a shop in 1879 selling low-priced goods and built it into a national chain of stores (1852-1919)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Sir_Charles_Leonard_Woolley__Woolley__Sir_Leonard_Woolley (^English archaeologist who supervised the excavations at Ur (1880-1960)^)
   ^  #archeologist;


#Alexander_Woollcott__Woollcott (^United States drama critic and journalist (1887-1943)^)
   ^  #drama_critic  #journalist;


#Comer_Vann_Woodward__Woodward__C._Vann_Woodward (^United States historian (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Robert_Burns_Woodward__Woodward (^United States chemist honored for synthesizing complex organic compounds (1917-1979)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Victoria_Clafin_Woodhull__Woodhull (^United States advocate of women's suffrage; in 1872 she was the first woman to run for the United States presidency (1838-1927)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#Helen_Laura_Sumner_Woodbury__Woodbury (^United States social economist (1876-1933)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Natalie_Wood__Wood (^United States film actress (1938-1981)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Sir_Henry_Joseph_Wood__Wood__Sir_Henry_Wood (^English conductor (1869-1944)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Ellen_Price_Wood__Wood__Mrs._Henry_Wood (^English writer of novels about murders and thefts and forgeries (1814-1887)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Grant_Wood__Wood (^United States painter noted for works based on life in the Midwest (1892-1942)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Mary_Wollstonecraft_Godwin__Wollstonecraft__Mary_Wollstonecraft (^English writer and early feminist who denied male supremacy and advocated equal education for women; mother of Mary Shelley (1759-1797)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #feminist;


#William_Hyde_Wollaston__Wollaston (^English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Kaspar_Friedrich_Wolff__Wolff (^German anatomist (1733-1794)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#Thomas_Kennerly_Wolfe_Jr.__Wolfe__Tom_Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe (^United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Thomas_Clayton_Wolfe__Wolfe__Thomas_Wolfe (^United States writer best known for his autobiographical novels (1900-1938)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Hugo_Wolf__Wolf (^Austrian composer (1860-1903)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Friedrich_August_Wolf__Wolf (^German classical scholar who claimed that the Iliad and Odyssey were composed by several authors (1759-1824)^)
   ^  #classical_scholar;


#Pelham_Grenville_Wodehouse__Wodehouse__P._G._Wodehouse (^English writer known for his humorous novels and stories (1881-1975)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ludwig_Josef_Johan_Wittgenstein__Wittgenstein__Ludwig_Wittgenstein (^British philosopher born in Austria; a major influence on logic and logical positivism (1889-1951)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#John_Witherspoon__Witherspoon (^American Revolutionary leader and educator (born in Scotland) who was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and president of the college that became Princeton University (1723-1794)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #educator;


#Owen_Wister__Wister (^United States writer (1860-1938)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Stephen_Samuel_Wise__Wise (^United States Jewish leader (born in Hungary) (1874-1949)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Isaac_Mayer_Wise__Wise (^United States religious leader (born in Bohemia) who united reform Jewish organizations in the United States (1819-1900)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Edward_Winslow__Winslow (^English colonial administrator who traveled to America on the Mayflower and served as the first governor of the Plymouth Colony (1595-1655)^)
   ^  #colonist;


#Adolf_Windaus__Windaus (^German chemist who studied steroids and cholesterol and discovered histamine (1876-1959)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Johann_Joachim_Winckelmann__Winckelmann__Johann_Winckelmann (^German archaeologist and art historian said to be the father of archaeology (1717-1768)^)
   ^  #archeologist  #art_historian;


#Angus_Frank_Johnstone_Wilson__Wilson__Sir_Angus_Wilson (^English writer of novels and short stories (1913-1991)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Alexander_Wilson__Wilson (^Scottish ornithologist in the United States (1766-1813)^)
   ^  #ornithologist;


#Robert_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson (^United States physicist honored for his work on cosmic microwave radiation (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#John_Tuzo_Wilson__Wilson (^Canadian geophysicist who was a pioneer in the study of plate tectonics (1908-1993)^)
   ^  #geologist;


#James_Wilson__Wilson (^American Revolutionary leader who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence (1742-1798)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Edward_Osborne_Wilson__Wilson__E._O._Wilson (^United States entomologist who has generalized from social insects to other animals including humans (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #entomologist;


#Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson__Wilson (^Scottish physicist who invented the cloud chamber (1869-1959)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Edmund_Wilson__Wilson (^United States literary critic (1895-1972)^)
   ^  #literary_critic;


#Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson__Woodrow_Wilson__President_Wilson (^28th President of the United States; led the United States in World War I and secured the formation of the League of Nations (1856-1924)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#William_Carlos_Williams__Williams (^United States poet (1883-1963)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Theodore_Samuel_Williams__Williams__Ted_Williams (^United States baseball player noted as a hitter (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Roger_Williams__Williams (^English clergyman and colonist who was expelled from Massachusetts for criticizing Puritanism; he founded Providence in 1636 and obtained a royal charter for Rhode Island in 1663 (1603-1683)^)
   ^  #clergyman  #colonist;


#Thomas_Lanier_Williams__Williams__Tennessee_Williams (^United States playwright (1911-1983)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#William_IV__The_Sailor_King (^King of England and Ireland; son of George III who ascended the throne after a long naval career (1765-1837)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#William_III__William_of_Orange (^King of England and Scotland and Ireland; he married the daughter of James II and was invited by opponents of James II to invade England; when James fled, William III and Mary II were declared joint monarchs (1650-1702)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#William_II__William_Rufus (^the second son of William the Conqueror who succeeded him as King of England (1056-1100)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#William_I__William_the_Conqueror (^duke of Normandy who led the Norman invasion of England and became King of England; he defeated Harold II at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 (1027-1087)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Erik_Adolf_von_Willebrand__Willebrand__von_Willebrand__E._A._von_Willebrand (^Finnish physician who first described vascular hemophilia (1870-1949)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Frances_Elizabeth_Caroline_Willard__Willard (^United States advocate of temperance and women's suffrage (1839-1898)^)
   ^  #suffragist  #dry;


#Emma_Hart_Willard__Willard (^United States educator who was an early campaigner for higher education for women (1787-1870)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Sir_Geoffrey_Wilkinson__Wilkinson (^English chemist honored for his research on pollutants in car exhausts (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Roy_Wilkins__Wilkins (^United States civil rights leader (1901-1981)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#George_Hubert_Wilkins__Wilkins (^Australian who was the first to explore the Arctic by airplane (1888-1958)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Maurice_Hugh_Frederick_Wilkins__Wilkins__Maurice_Wilkins (^English biochemist who helped discover the structure of DNA (born in 1916)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#John_Wilkes__Wilkes (^English reformer who published attacks on George III and supported the rights of the American colonists (1727-1797)^)
   ^  #reformist;


#Charles_Wilkes__Wilkes (^United States explorer of Antarctica (1798-1877)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Wilhelm_II__Kaiser_Wilhelm (^grandson of Queen Victoria and Kaiser of Germany from 1888 to 1918 who was vilified as causing World War I (1859-1941)^)
   ^  #Kaiser;


#Thornton_Niven_Wilder__Wilder__Thornton_Wilder (^United States writer and dramatist (1897-1975)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #dramatist;


#Samuel_Wilder__Wilder__Billy_Wilder (^United States filmmaker (born in Austria in 1906)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Oscar_Fingal_O'Flahertie_Wills_Wilde__Wilde__Oscar_Wilde (^Irish writer and wit (1854-1900)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Eugene_Paul_Wigner__Wigner__Eugene_Wigner (^United States physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on the structure of the atom and its nucleus (born in 1902)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Samuel_Wiesenthal__Wiesenthal (^Austrian investigator of Nazi war crimes (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #investigator;


#Eliezer_Wiesel__Wiesel__Elie_Wiesel (^United States writer who survived Nazi concentration camps and is dedicated to keeping alive the memory of the Holocaust (born in 1928)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #historian;


#Norbert_Wiener__Wiener (^United States mathematician and founder of cybernetics (1894-1964)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#John_Greenleaf_Whittier__Whittier (^United States poet best known for his nostalgic poems about New England (1807-1892)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Eli_Whitney__Whitney (^United States inventor of the mechanical cotton gin (1765-1825)^)
   ^  #inventor  #manufacturer;


#Walt_Whitman__Whitman (^United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Marcus_Whitman__Whitman (^United States frontier missionary who established a post in Oregon where Christianity and schooling and medicine were available to Native Americans (1802=1847)^)
   ^  #missionary;


#Alfred_North_Whitehead__Whitehead (^English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Bertrand Russell (1861-1947)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #mathematician;


#Patrick_Victor_Martindale_White__White__Patrick_White (^Australian writer (1912-1990)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Theodore_Harold_White__White__T._H._White (^United States political journalist (1915-1986)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Stanford_White__White (^United States architect (1853-1906)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Elwyn_Brooks_White__White__E._B._White (^United States writer noted for his humorous essays (1899-1985)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Andrew_Dickson_White__White__Andrew_D._White (^United States educator who in 1865 (with Ezra Cornell) founded Cornell University and served as its first president (1832-1918)^)
   ^  #educator;


#James_Abbott_McNeill_Whistler__Whistler (^United States painter (1834-1903)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Sir_Robert_Eric_Mortimer_Wheeler__Wheeler__Sir_Mortimer_Wheeler (^Scottish archaeologist (1890-1976)^)
   ^  #archeologist;


#Sir_Charles_Wheatstone__Wheatstone (^English physicist and inventor who devised the Wheatstone bridge (1802-1875)^)
   ^  #physicist  #inventor;


#Phillis_Wheatley__Wheatley (^American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Edward_Weston__Weston (^United States photographer(1886-1958)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#George_Westinghouse__Westinghouse (^United States inventor and manufacturer (1846-1914)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Dame_Rebecca_West__West__Rebecca_West__Cicily_Isabel_Fairfield (^British writer (born in Ireland) (1892-1983)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Mae_West__West (^United States film actress (1892-1980)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Benjamin_West__West (^English painter (born in America) who became the second president of the Royal Academy (1738-1820)^)
   ^  #painter;


#John_Wesley__Wesley (^English clergyman and founder of Methodism (1703-1791)^)
   ^  #clergyman;


#Karl_Wernicke__Wernicke (^German neurologist best known for his studies of aphasia (1848-1905)^)
   ^  #neurologist;


#Franz_Werfel__Werfel (^United States writer (1890-1945)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Eudora_Welty__Welty (^United States writer about rural Southern life (born in 1909)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Herbert_George_Wells__Wells__H._G._Wells (^prolific English writer best known for his science-fiction novels; he also wrote on contemporary social problems and wrote popular accounts of history and science (1866-1946)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#First_Duke_of_Wellington__Wellington__Duke_of_Wellington__Arthur_Wellesley__the_Iron_Duke (^British general and statesman; he defeated Napoleon at Waterloo; subsequently served as Prime Minister (1769-1852)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#George_Orson_Welles__Welles__Orson_Welles (^United States actor and filmmaker (1915-1985)^)
   ^  #histrion  #film_maker;


#Theodore_Dwight_Weld__Weld (^United States abolitionist (1803-1895)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#Chaim_Azriel_Weizmann__Weizmann__Chaim_Weizmann (^Israeli statesman who persuaded the United States to recognize the new state of Israel and became its first president (1874-1952)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#August_Friedrich_Leopold_Weismann__Weismann (^German biologist who was one of the founders of modern genetics; his theory of genetic transmission ruled out the possibility of transmitting acquired characteristics (1834-1914)^)
   ^  #geneticist;


#Steven_Weinberg__Weinberg (^United States theoretical physicist (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Kurt_Weill__Weill (^German composer; collaborated with Bertolt Brecht (1900-1950)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Simone_Weil__Weil (^French philosopher (1909-1943)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Andre_Weil__Weil (^United States mathematician (born in France) (1906-1998)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Alfred_Lothar_Wegener__Wegener (^German geophysicist who proposed the theory of continental drift (1880-1930)^)
   ^  #geologist;


#Josiah_Wedgwood__Wedgwood (^English potter (1730-1795)^)
   ^  #potter;


#Daniel_Webster__Webster (^United States politician and orator (1782-1817)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Noah_Webster__Webster (^American lexicographer (1758-1843)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Wilhelm_Eduard_Weber__Weber (^German physicist and brother of E. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Weber__Max_Weber (^United States abstract painter (born in Russia) (1881-1961)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Max_Weber__Weber (^German sociologist and pioneer of the analytic method in sociology (1864-1920)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Baron_Karl_Maria_Friedrich_Ernst_von_Weber__Weber (^German composer of romantic operas (1786-1826)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Ernst_Heinrich_Weber__Weber__E._H._Weber (^German physiologist who studied sensory responses to stimuli and is considered the father of psychophysics (1795-1878)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Martha_Beatrice_Potter_Webb__Webb__Beatrice_Webb (^English writer and a central member of the Fabian Society (1858-1943)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Wayne__Wayne__Duke_Wayne (^United States film actor who played tough heroes (1907-1979)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Mad_Anthony_Wayne__Wayne__Anthony_Wayne (^American Revolutionary general (1745-1796)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Archibald_Percival_Wavell__Wavell__First_Earl_Wavell (^British field marshal in North Africa in World War II; he defeated the Italians before being defeated by the Germans (1883-1950)^)
   ^  #full_general  #field_marshal;


#Evelyn_Arthur_Saint_John_Waugh__Waugh__Evelyn_Waugh (^English author of satirical novels (1903-1966)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Isaac_Watts__Watts (^English poet and theologian (1674-1748)^)
   ^  #poet  #theologian;


#Jean_Antoine_Watteau__Watteau (^French painter (1684-1721)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#James_Watt__Watt (^Scottish engineer and inventor whose improvements in the steam engine led to its wide use in industry (1736-1819)^)
   ^  #engineer  #inventor;


#Thomas_Augustus_Watson__Watson (^United States telephone engineer who assisted Alexander Graham Bell in his experiments (1854-1934)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#John_Broadus_Watson__Watson (^United States psychologist considered the founder of behavioristic psychology (1878-1958)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#James_Dewey_Watson__Watson__James_Watson (^United States geneticist who helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1928)^)
   ^  #geneticist;


#Ethel_Waters__Waters (^United States actress and singer (1896-1977)^)
   ^  #actress  #singer;


#Agust_von_Wassermann__Wassermann (^German bacteriologist who developed a diagnostic test for syphilis (1866-1925)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Booker_Taliaferro_Washington__Washington__Booker_T._Washington (^United States educator who was born a slave but became educated and founded a college at Tuskegee in Alabama (1856-1915)^)
   ^  #educator;


#President_Washington__Washington__George_Washington (^1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)^)
   ^  #full_general  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Earl_of_Warwick__Warwick__Richard_Neville__the_Kingmaker (^English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Robert_Penn_Warren__Warren (^United States writer and poet (1905-1989)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #poet;


#Earl_Warren__Warren (^United States jurist who served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1891-1974)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#Charles_Dudley_Warner__Warner (^United States filmmaker who with his brothers founded the movie studio that produced the first talking picture (1881-1958)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Andy_Warhol__Warhol (^United States artist who was a leader of the pop art movement (1930-1987)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Barbara_Ward__Ward__Baroness_Jackson_of_Lodsworth (^English economist and conservationist (1914-1981)^)
   ^  #economist  #environmentalist;


#Mary_Augusta_Arnold_Ward__Ward__Mrs._Humphrey_Ward (^English writer of novels who was an active opponent of the women's suffrage movement (1851-1920)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Asron_Montgomery_Ward__Ward__Montgomery_Ward (^United States businessman who in 1872 established a successful mail-order business (1843-1913)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Otto_Heinrich_Warburg__Warburg (^German biochemist who pioneered the use of chemical techniques in biological investigations; noted for studies of cellular respiration (1883-1970)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Aby_Moritz_Warburg__Warburg__Aby_Warburg (^German art historian (1866-1929)^)
   ^  #art_historian;


#John_Wanamaker__Wanamaker (^United States businessman whose business grew into one of the first department stores (1838-1922)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Sir_William_Turner_Walton__Walton__Sir_William_Walton (^English composer (1902-1983)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Izaak_Walton__Walton (^English writer remember for his treatise on fishing (1593-1683)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ernest_Thomas_Sinton_Walton__Walton__E._T._S._Walton__Ernest_Walton (^Irish physicist who (with Sir John Cockcroft in 1931) first split an atom (1903-1995)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Bruno_Walter__Walter (^German conductor (1876-1962)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Horatio_Walpole__Walpole__Horace_Walpole__Fourth_Earl_of_Orford (^English writer and historian; son of Sir Robert Walpole (1717-1797)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #historian;


#Sir_Robert_Walpole__Walpole__Robert_Walpole__First_Earl_of_Orford (^English Whig statesman who (under George I) was effectively the first British prime minister (1676-1745)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Thomas_Wright_Waller__Waller__Fats_Waller (^United States jazz musician (1904-1943)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Albrecht_Eusebius_Wenzel_von_Wallenstein__Wallenstein (^Austrian general who fought for the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years' War (1583-1634)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Sir_William_Wallace__Wallace (^Scottish insurgent who led the resistance to Edward I; in 1297 he gained control of Scotland briefly until Edward invaded Scotland again and defeated Wallace and subsequently executed him (1270-1305)^)
   ^  #insurgent;


#Richard_Horatio_Edgar_Wallace__Wallace__Edgar_Wallace (^English writer noted for his crime novels (1875-1932)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Alfred_Russel_Wallace__Wallace (^English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's (1823-1913)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#John_Walker__Walker (^New Zealand runner who in 1975 became the first person to run a mile in less that 3 minutes and 50 seconds (born in 1952)^)
   ^  #four-minute_man;


#Alice_Malsenior_Walker__Walker__Alice_Walker (^United States writer (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lech_Walesa__Walesa (^Polish labor leader and statesman (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #labor_leader  #statesman;


#Kurt_Waldheim__Waldheim (^Austrian diplomat who was Secretary General of the United Nations from 1972 to 1981; in 1986 he was elected president of Austria in spite of worldwide allegations that he had known about Nazi atrocities during World War II (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #diplomatist  #statesman;


#Andrzej_Wajda__Wajda (^Polish filmmaker (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#John_Barrington_Wain__Wain__John_Wain (^English writer (1925-1994)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Wilhelm_Richard_Wagner__Wagner__Richard_Wagner (^German composer and inventor of the music drama (1813-1883)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Virginia_Wade__Wade (^English tennis player who won may women's singles titles (born in 1945)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Jean_Edouard_Vuillard__Vuillard__Edouard_Vuillard (^French painter (1868-1940)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Andrei_Voznesenski__Voznesenski (^Russian poet (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Josef_von_Sternberg__von_Sternberg (^American film maker (born in Austria) whose films made Marlene Dietrich an international star (1894-1969)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#John_von_Neumann__von_Neumann__Neumann (^United States mathematician who contributed to the development of atom bombs and of stored-program digital computers (1903-1957)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Kurt_Vonnegut__Vonnegut (^United States writer whose novels and short stories are a mixture of realism and satire and science fiction (born in 1922)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Voltaire__Arouet__Francois-Marie_Arouet (^French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Conte_Alessandro_Giuseppe_Antonio_Anastasio_Volta__Volta__Count_Alessandro_Volta__Conte_Alessandro_Volta (^Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Maurice_de_Vlaminck__Vlaminck (^French painter and exponent of Fauvism (1876-1958)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Sebastian_Vizcaino__Vizcaino (^Spanish explorer who was the first European to explore the California coast (1550-1615)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Antonio_Lucio_Vivaldi__Vivaldi__Antonio_Vivaldi (^Italian baroque composer and violinist (1675-1741)^)
   ^  #composer  #violinist;


#St_Vitus__Vitus (^Christian martyr and patron of those who suffer from epilepsy and Sydenham's chorea (died around 300)^)
   ^  #martyr;


#Don_Luchino_Visconti_Conte_di_Modrone__Visconti__Luchino_Visconti (^Italian filmmaker (1906-1976)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Virgil__Vergil__Publius_Vergilius_Maro (^a Roman poet; author of the epic poem `Aeneid' (70-19 BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Rudolf_Karl_Virchow__Virchow__Rudolf_Virchow (^German pathologist who recognized that all cells come from cells by binary fission and who emphasized cellular abnormalities in disease (1821-1902)^)
   ^  #diagnostician;


#Frederick_Moore_Vinson__Vinson (^United States jurist who served as chief justice of the Supreme Court (1890-1953)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#Sir_Paul_Gavrilovich_Vinogradoff__Vinogradoff (^British historian (born in Russia) (1854-1925)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Francois_Villon__Villon (^French poet (flourished around 1460)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Henry_Villard__Villard (^United States railroad magnate and businessman (1835-1900)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Francisco_Villa__Villa__Pancho_Villa__Doroteo_Arango (^Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Marie_Louise_Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun__Vigee-Lebrun__Elisabeth_Vigee-Lebrun (^French painter noted for her portraits (1755-1842)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Eugene_Luther_Vidal__Vidal__Gore_Vidal (^United States writer (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Queen_Victoria__Victoria (^Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India from 1837 to 1901 (1819-1901)^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England  #Hanoverian;


#Victor_Emanuel_III (^King of Italy who appointed Mussolini prime minister; he abdicated in 1946 and the monarchy was abolished (1869-1947)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Victor_Emanuel_II (^King of Italy who completed the unification of Italy by acquiring Venice and Rome (1820-1878)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Gaetan_Vestris__Vestris (^Italian dancer for Louis XVI who was considered the greatest dancer of his day; he was the first to discard the mask in mime (1729-1808)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Amerigo_Vespucci__Vespucci__Americus_Vespucius (^Florentine navigator who explored the coast of South America; America was named in his honor (1454-1512)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Vespasian__Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus (^Emperor of Rome who consolidated Roman rule in Germany and Britain and reformed the army and brought prosperity to the empire; began the construction of the Colosseum (9-79)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Denmark_Vesey__Vesey (^United States freed slave and insurrectionist in South Carolina who was involved in planning an uprising of slaves and was hanged (1767-1822)^)
   ^  #slave  #insurgent;


#Andreas_Vesalius__Vesalius (^a Flemish surgeon who is considered the father of modern anatomy (1514-1564)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#Hendrik_Frensch_Verwoerd__Verwoerd__Hendrik_Verwoerd (^South African statesman who instituted the policy of apartheid (1901-1966)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Gianni_Versace__Versace (^Italian fashion designer (1946-1997)^)
   ^  #couturier;


#Giovanni_da_Verrazano__Verrazano__Verrazzano__Giovanni_da_Verrazzano (^Florentine navigator who explored the eastern coast of North America (circa 1485-1528)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Paolo_Veronese__Veronese__Paola_Caliari (^Italian painter of the venetian school (1528-1588)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Paul_Vernier__Vernier (^French mathematician who described the vernier scale (1580-1637)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Karl_Adolph_Verner__Verner (^Danish philologist (1846-1896)^)
   ^  #philologist;


#Jules_Verne__Verne (^French writer who is considered the father of science fiction (1828-1905)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jan_Vermeer__Vermeer__Jan_van_der_Meer (^Dutch painter renowned for his use of light (1632-1675)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Paul_Verlaine__Verlaine (^French symbolist poet (1844-1896)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Guiseppe_Fortunino_Francesco_Verdi__Verdi__Giuseppe_Verdi (^Italian operatic composer (1813-1901)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Robert_Charles_Venturi__Venturi__Robert_Venturi (^United States architect (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #architect;


#John_Venn__Venn (^English logician who introduced Venn diagrams (1834-1923)^)
   ^  #logician;


#Diego_Rodriguez_de_Silva_y_Velazquez__Velazquez (^Spanish painter (1599-1660)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Lope_de_Vega__Vega (^prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Thorstein_Bunde_Veblen__Veblen__Thorstein_Veblen (^United States economist who wrote about conspicuous consumption (1857-1929)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Oswald_Veblen__Veblen (^United States mathematician (1880-1960)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Calvert_Vaux__Vaux (^United States landscape architect (born in England) who designed Central Park (1824-1895)^)
   ^  #landscape_architect;


#Ralph_Vaughan_Williams__Vaughan_Williams (^English composer influenced by folk tunes and music of the Tudor period (1872-1958)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Sarah_Vaughan__Vaughan (^United States jazz singer noted for her complex bebop phrasing and scat singing (1924-1990)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Giorgio_Vasari__Vasari (^Italian painter and art historian (1511-1574)^)
   ^  #painter  #art_historian;


#Viktor_Vasarely__Vasarely (^French painter (born in Hungary) who was a pioneer of op art (1908-1997)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Marcus_Terentius_Varro__Varro (^Roman scholar (116-27 BC)^)
   ^  #scholarly_person;


#Mario_Vargas_Llosa__Vargas_Llosa (^Peruvian writer (born in 1936)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Getulio_Dornelles_Vargas__Vargas (^Brazilian statesman who ruled Brazil as a virtual dictator (1883-1954)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Edgard_Varese__Varese (^United States composer (born in France) whose music combines dissonance with complex rhythms and the use of electronic techniques (1883-1965)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Bartolomeo_Vanzetti__Vanzetti (^United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Nicola Sacco was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1888-1927)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck__Van_Vleck__John_Van_Vleck (^United States physicist (1899-1980)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Vincent_van_Gogh__van_Gogh__Gogh (^Dutch postimpressionist painter noted for his use of color (1853-1890)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Sir_Anthony_Vandyke__Vandyke__Van_Dyck (^Flemish painter of numerous portraits (1599-1641)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Carl_Clinton_Van_Doren__Van_Doren__Carl_Van_Doren (^United States writer and literary critic (1885-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #literary_critic;


#Henri_Clemens_van_de_Velde__van_de_Velde__Henri_van_de_Velde (^Belgian architect (1863-1957)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Cornelius_Vanderbilt__Vanderbilt__Commodore_VAnderbilt (^United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877)^)
   ^  #financier  #philanthropist;


#George_Vancouver__Vancouver (^English navigator remembered for his exploration of the Pacific coast of North America (1757-1798)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#President_Van_Buren__Van_Buren__Martin_Van_Buren (^8th President of the United States (1782-1862)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#James_Alfred_Van_Allen__Van_Allen (^United States physicist who discovered two belts of charged particles from the solar wind trapped by the Earth's magnetic field (born in 1914)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Maurice_Utrillo__Utrillo (^French painter noted for his paintings of Parisian street scenes (1883-1955)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Peter_Alexander_Ustinov__Ustinov__Sir_Peter_Ustinov (^British actor and playwright (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #histrion  #dramatist;


#James_Ussher__Ussher__Usher__James_Usher (^Irish prelate who deduced from the Bible that Creation occurred in the year 4004 BC (1581-1656)^)
   ^  #archpriest;


#Harold_Clayton_Urey__Urey__Harold_Urey (^United States chemist who discovered deuterium (1893-1981)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Urban_VI__Bartolomeo_Prignano (^pope who alienated the French Cardinals (1318-1389)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Urban_II__Odo_of_Lagery (^pope who called for the First Crusade (1042-1099)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Richard_Upjohn__Upjohn (^United States architect (born in England) (1802-1878)^)
   ^  #architect;


#John_Hoyer_Updike__Updike__John_Updike (^United States author (born 1932)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Louis_Untermeyer__Untermeyer (^United States writer (1885-1977)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Bishop_Ulfilas__Ulfilas__Ulfila__Bishop_Ulfila__Wulfila__Bishop_Wulfila (^a Christian Bishop who translated the Bible from Greek into Gothic (311-382)^)
   ^  #bishop  #interpreter.mediator;


#Galina_Sergeevna_Ulanova__Ulanova__Galina_Ulanova (^Russian ballet dancer (1910-1998)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Johann_Ludwig_Uhland__Uhland (^German romantic poet (1787-1862)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Tristan_Tzara__Tzara__Samuel_Rosenstock (^French poet (born in Romania) who was one of the cofounders of the Dada movement (1896-1963)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Michael_Gerald_Tyson__Tyson__Mike_Tyson (^United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion (born in 1966)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#John_Tyndall__Tyndall (^British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere; he was the first person to explain why the daylight sky is blue (1820-1893)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#William_Tyndale__Tyndale__Tindale__William_Tindale__Tindal__William_Tindal (^English translator and Protestant martyr; his translation of the Bible into English (which later formed the basis for the King James Version) aroused ecclesiastical opposition; he left England in 1524 and was burned at the stake in Antwerp as a heretic (1494-1536)^)
   ^  #interpreter.mediator  #sufferer;


#President_Tyler__Tyler__John_Tyler (^elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died (1790-1862)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Desmond_Tutu__Tutu (^South African prelate and leader of the antiapartheid struggle (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #archpriest;


#Tutankhamen (^Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC; his tomb was discovered almost intact by Howard Carter in 1922^)
   ^  #Pharaoh;


#Madame_Tussaud__Tussaud__Marie_Tussaud__Marie_Grosholtz (^French modeler (resident in England after 1802) who made wax death masks of prominent victims of the French Revolution and toured Britain with her wax models; in 1835 she opened a permanent waxworks exhibition in London (1761-1850)^)
   ^  #modeler;


#Dick_Turpin__Turpin (^English highwayman (1706-1739)^)
   ^  #highwayman;


#Nat_Turner__Turner (^United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia; he was captured and executed (1800-1831)^)
   ^  #slave  #insurgent;


#Henry_Hubert_Turner__Turner (^United States endocrinologist (1892-1970)^)
   ^  #endocrinologist;


#Joseph_Mallord_William_Turner__Turner (^English landscape painter whose treatment of light and color influenced the French impressionists (1775-1851)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Frederick_Jackson_Turner__Turner (^United States historian who stressed the role of the western frontier in American history (1861-1951)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Alan_Mathison_Turing__Turing__Alan_Turing (^English mathematician who conceived of the Turing machine and broke German codes during World War II (1912-1954)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Anne_Robert_Jacques_Turgot__Turgot (^French economist who in 1774 was put in control of finances by Louis XVI; his proposals for reforms that involved abolishing feudal privileges made him unpopular with the aristocracy and in 1776 he was dismissed (1727-1781)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Ivan_Sergeevich_Turgenev__Turgenev (^Russian writer of stories and novels and plays (1818-1883)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#James_Joseph_Tunney__Tunney__Gene_Tunney (^United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship by defeating Jack Dempsey twice (1898-1978)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Antony_Tudor__Tudor (^United States dancer and choreographer (born in England) (1909-1987)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Benjamin_Ricketson_Tucker__Tucker (^United States anarchist influential before World War I (1854-1939)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#Sophie_Tucker__Tucker (^United States vaudevillian (born in Russia) noted for her flamboyant performances (1884-1966)^)
   ^  #vaudevillian;


#Barbara_Wertheim_Tuchman__Tuchman__Barbara_Tuchman (^United States historian (1912-1989)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Harriet_Tubman__Tubman (^United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#Sojourner_Truth__Truth (^United States abolitionist and feminist who was freed from slavery and became a leading advocate of the abolition of slavery and for the rights of women (1797-1883)^)
   ^  #abolitionist  #feminist;


#Jonathan_Trumbull__Trumbull (^American Revolutionary leader who as governor of Connecticut provided supplies for the Continental Army (1710-1785)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Trumbull__John_Trumbull (^American painter of historical scenes (1756-1843)^)
   ^  #painter;


#John_Trumbull__Trumbull (^American satirical poet (1750-1831)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Dalton_Trumbo__Trumbo (^United States screenwriter who was blacklisted and imprisoned for refusing to cooperate with congressional investigations of communism in America (1905-1976)^)
   ^  #screenwriter;


#President_Truman__Truman__Harry_Truman__Harry_S_Truman (^elected Vice President in Roosevelt's 4th term; became 33rd President of the United States on Roosevelt's death in 1945 and was elected President in 1948; authorized the use of atomic bombs against Japan (1884-1972)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Francois_Truffaut__Truffaut (^French filmmaker (1932-1984)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Leon_Trotsky__Trotsky__Lev_Davidovich_Bronstein (^Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army; he was ousted from the Communist Party by Stalin and eventually assassinated in Mexico (1879-1940)^)
   ^  #Bolshevist  #revolutionist;


#Anthony_Trollope__Trollope (^English writer of novels (1815-1882)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lionel_Trilling__Trilling (^United States literary critic (1905-1975)^)
   ^  #literary_critic;


#Richard_Trevithick__Trevithick (^English engineer who built the first railway locomotive (1771-1833)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Lee_Buck_Trevino__Trevino__Lee_Trevino__Supermex (^United States golfer (born in 1939)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#George_Macaulay_Trevelyan__Trevelyan (^English historian and son of Sir George Otto Trevelyan whose works include a social history of England and a biography of Garibaldi (1876-1962)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Sir_George_Otto_Trevelyan__Trevelyan__George_Otto_Trevelyan (^English historian who wrote a history of the American revolution and a biography of his uncle Lord Macaulay (1838-1928)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Sir_Herbert_Beerbohm_Tree__Tree (^English actor and theatrical producer noted for his lavish productions of Shakespeare (1853-1917)^)
   ^  #histrion  #theatrical_producer;


#Helen_Traubel__Traubel (^United States operatic soprano (1903-1972)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Trajan__Marcus_Ulpius_Traianus (^Roman emperor and adoptive son of Nerva; extended the empire to the east and conducted an extensive program of building (53-117)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#John_Tradescant__Tradescant (^English botanist who was one of the first to collect specimens of plants (1570-1638)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Spencer_Tracy__Tracy (^United States film actor who appeared in many films with Katharine Hepburn (1900-1967)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Arnold_Joseph_Toynbee__Toynbee__Arnold_Toynbee (^English historian who studied the rise and fall of civilizations looking for cyclical patterns (1889-1975)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Francis_Everett_Townsend__Townsend (^United States social reformer who proposed an old-age pension sponsored by the federal government; his plan was a precursor to Social Security (1867-1960)^)
   ^  #reformist;


#Georges_Gilles_de_la_Tourette__Tourette__Gilles_de_la_Tourette (^French neurologist (1857-1904)^)
   ^  #neurologist;


#Henri_Toulouse-Lautrec__Toulouse-Lautrec (^French painter who portrayed life in the cafes and music halls of Montmartre (1864-1901)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Arturo_Toscanini__Toscanini (^Italian conductor of many orchestras worldwide (1867-1957)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Evangelista_Torricelli__Torricelli (^Italian physicist who invented the mercury barometer (1608-1647)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Tomas_de_Torquemada__Torquemada (^Spanish Grand Inquisitor who was responsible for the death of thousands of Jews and suspected witches during the Spanish Inquisition (1420-1498)^)
   ^  #Grand_Inquisitor;


#Tonegawa_Susumu (^Japanese molecular biologist noted for his studies of how the immune system produces antibodies (born in 1939)^)
   ^  #molecular_biologist;


#Clyde_William_Tombaugh__Tombaugh (^United States astronomer who discovered the planet Pluto (1906-1997)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Count_Lev_Nikolayevitch_Tolstoy__Tolstoy__Leo_Tolstoy (^Russian author remembered for two great novels (1828-1910)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Ronald_Reuel_Tolkien__Tolkien__J._R._R._Tolkien (^British philologist and writer (born in South Africa) (1892-1973)^)
   ^  #philologist  #professional_writer;


#Alice_B._Toklas__Toklas (^United States writer remembered as the secretary and companion of Gertrude Stein (1877-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Tojo_Hideki__Tojo__Tojo_Eiki (^Japanese army officer who initiated the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and who assumed dictatorial control of Japan during World War II; he was subsequently tried and executed as a war criminal (1884-1948)^)
   ^  #dictator;


#Sir_Alexander_Robertus_Todd__Todd (^Scottish chemist noted for his research into the structure of nucleic acids (born in 1907)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Alexis_Charles_Henri_Maurice_de_Tocqueville__Tocqueville (^French political writer noted for his analysis of American institutions (1805-1859)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Mark_Tobey__Tobey (^United States abstract painter influenced by oriental calligraphy (1890-1976)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus__Titus (^Emperor of Rome; son of Vespasian (40-81)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Marshal_Tito__Tito__Josip_Broz (^Yugoslav statesman who led the resistance to German Nazi occupation in World War II and established a communist state after the war (1892-1980)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Titian__Tiziano_Vecellio (^old master of the Venetian school (1490-1576)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Tirso_de_Molina__Gabriel_Tellez (^Spanish dramatist who wrote the first dramatic treatment of the Don Juan legend (1571-1648)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Tintoretto__Jacopo_Robusti (^Italian painter of the Venetian school (1518-1594)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Nikolaas_Tinbergen__Tinbergen (^Dutch zoologist who showed that much animal behavior is innate and stereotyped (1907-1988)^)
   ^  #zoologist;


#Jan_Tinbergen__Tinbergen (^Dutch economist noted for his work in econometrics (1903-1994)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Paul_Johannes_Tillich__Tillich__Paul_Tillich (^United States theologian (born in Germany) (1886-1965)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#William_Tatem_Tilden_Jr.__Tilden__Big_Bill_Tilden (^United States tennis player who dominated men's tennis in the 1920s (1893-1953)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Louis_Comfort_Tiffany__Tiffany (^United States artist who developed Tiffany glass (1848-1933)^)
   ^  #artist;


#Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo__Tiepolo (^Italian painter (1696-1770)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_Caesar_Augustus__Tiberius (^son-in-law of Augustus who became a suspicious tyrannical Emperor of Rome after a brilliant military career ( 42 BC to AD 37)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#James_Grover_Thurber__Thurber__James_Thurber (^United States humorist and cartoonist who published collections of essays and stories (1894-1961)^)
   ^  #humorist  #cartoonist;


#Thucydides (^ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)^)
   ^  #historian;


#James_Francis_Thorpe__Thorpe__Jim_Thorpe (^outstanding United States athlete (1888-1953)^)
   ^  #athlete;


#William_Thornton__Thornton (^American architect (1759-1828)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Dame_Sybil_Thorndike__Thorndike (^English actress (1882-1976)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Edward_Lee_Thorndike__Thorndike (^United States educational psychologist (1874-1949)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Henry_David_Thoreau__Thoreau (^United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Elihu_Thomson__Thomson (^United States electrical engineer (born in England) who in 1892 formed a company with Thomas Edison (1853-1937)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#Sir_George_Paget_Thomson__Thomson__George_Paget_Thomson (^English physicist (son of Joseph John Thomson) who co-discovered the diffraction of electrons by crystals (1892-1975)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Sir_Joseph_John_Thomson__Thomson__Joseph_John_Thomson (^English physicist who experimented with the conduction of electricity through gases and who discovered the electron and determined its charge and mass (1856-1940)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Homer_Armstrong_Thompson__Thompson__Homer_Thompson__Homer_A._Thompson (^United States classical archaeologist (born in Canada) noted for leading the excavation of the Athenian agora (1906-2000)^)
   ^  #archeologist;


#Benjamin_Thompson__Thompson__Count_Rumford (^English physicist (born in America) who studied heat and friction; experiments convinced him that heat is caused by moving particles (1753-1814)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Seth_Thomas__Thomas (^United States clockmaker who introduced mass production (1785-1859)^)
   ^  #clocksmith;


#Norman_Mattoon_Thomas__Thomas__Norman_Thomas (^United States socialist who was a candidate for president six times (1884-1968)^)
   ^  #socialist;


#Lowell_Jackson_Thomas__Thomas__Lowell_Thomas (^a radio broadcast journalist during World War I and World War II noted for his nightly new broadcast (1892-1981)^)
   ^  #broadcast_journalist;


#Dylan_Marlais_Thomas__Thomas__Dylan_Thomas (^Welsh poet (1914-1953)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Thomas_the_doubting_Apostle__Thomas__Saint_Thomas__St_Thomas__doubting_Thomas (^the Apostle who would not believe the resurrection of Jesus until he saw Jesus with his own eyes^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Thespis (^Greek poet who is said to have originated Greek tragedy (sixth century BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Theophrastus (^Greek philosopher who was a student of Aristotle and who succeeded Aristotle as the leader of the Peripatetics (371-287 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Themistocles (^Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Baroness_Thatcher_of_Kesteven__Thatcher__Margaret_Thatcher__Margaret_Hilda_Thatcher__Iron_Lady (^British stateswoman; first woman to serve as Prime Minister (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #stateswoman;


#Twyla_Tharp__Tharp (^Innovative United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1941)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Thales_of_Miletus__Thales (^Greek philosopher and astronomer (who predicted an eclipse in 585 BC) who was said by Aristotle to be the founder of physical science; he held that all things originated in water (624-546 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #astronomer;


#William_Makepeace_Thackeray__Thackeray (^English writer (born in India) (1811-1863)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Nikola_Tesla__Tesla (^United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Croatia of Serbian descent) who discovered the principles of alternating currents and developed the first alternating-current induction motor and the Tesla coil and several forms of oscillators (1856-1943)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer  #inventor;


#Tertullian__Quintus_Septimius_Florens_Tertullianus (^Carthaginian theologian whose writing influenced early Christian theology (160-230)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Dame_Alice_Ellen_Terry__Terry__Dame_Ellen_Terry (^English actress (1847-1928)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Valentina_Vladmirovna_Tereshkova__Tereshkova__Valentina_Tereshkova (^Soviet cosmonaut who was the first woman in space (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #astronaut;


#Mother_Teresa__Teresa__Theresa__Mother_Theresa__Agnes_Gonxha_Bojaxhiu (^Indian nun and missionary (born in Albania) dedicated to helping the poor in India (1910-1997)^)
   ^  #nun  #missioner;


#Terence__Publius_Terentius_Afer (^dramatist of ancient Rome (born in Greece) whose comedies were based on works by Menander (190?-159 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Tenzing_Norgay (^Sherpa mountaineer guide who with Sir Edmund Hillary was one of the first to attain the summit of Mount Everest (1914-1986)^)
   ^  #Sherpa  #mountaineer;


#First_Baron_Tennyson__Tennyson__Alfred_Tennyson__Alfred_Lord_Tennyson (^English Victorian poet (1809-1892)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sir_John_Tenniel__Tenniel (^English cartoonist (1820-1914)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Edward_Teller__Teller (^United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bombs and the first hydrogen bomb (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Georg_Philipp_Telemann__Telemann (^German baroque composer (1681-1767)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Dame_Kiri_Janette_Te_Kanawa__Te_Kanawa__Dame_Kiri_Te_Kanawa (^New Zealand operatic soprano (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Pierre_Teilhard_de_Chardin__Teilhard_de_Chardin (^French paleontologist and philosopher (1881-1955)^)
   ^  #paleontologist  #philosopher;


#Tecumseh__Tecumtha (^a famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement (1768-1813)^)
   ^  #Shawnee.Algonquian;


#Renata_Tebaldi__Tebaldi (^Italian operatic soprano (born in 1922)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Sara_Teasdale__Teasdale (^United States poet (1884-1933)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Edward_Teach__Teach__Thatch__Edward_Thatch__Blackbeard (^an English pirate who operated in the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of North America (died in 1718)^)
   ^  #pirate;


#Peter_Ilich_Tchaikovsky__Tchaikovsky__Peter_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Tchaikovsky__Pyotr_Ilich_Tchaikovsky (^Russian composer whose works are noted for their expressive melodies (1840-1893)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Joseph_Deems_Taylor__Taylor__Deems_Taylor (^United States composer and music critic (1885-1966)^)
   ^  #composer  #music_critic;


#Elizabeth_Taylor__Taylor (^United States film actress (born in England) who was a childhood star; as an adult she often co-starred with Richard Burton (born in 1932)^)
   ^  #actress;


#President_Taylor__Taylor__Zachary_Taylor (^12th President of the United States; died in office (1784-1850)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Richard_Henry_Tawney__Tawney (^English economist remembered for his studies of the development of capitalism (1880-1962)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Edward_Lawrie_Tatum__Tatum (^United States biochemist who discovered how genes act by regulating definite chemical events (1909-1975)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Arthur_Tatum__Tatum__Art_Tatum (^United States jazz pianist who was almost completely blind; his innovations influenced many other jazz musicians (1910-1956)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Jacques_Tati__Tati__Jacques_Tatischeff (^French filmmaker (1908-1982)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#John_Orley_Allen_Tate__Tate__Allen_Tate (^United States poet and critic (1899-1979)^)
   ^  #critic  #poet;


#Torquato_Tasso__Tasso (^Italian poet who wrote an epic poem about the capture of Jerusalem during the First Crusade (1544-1595)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Abel_Janszoon_Tasman__Tasman__Abel_Tasman (^Dutch navigator who was the first European to discover Tasmania and New Zealand (1603-1659)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Tarquin_the_Proud__Tarquin__Tarquinius__Tarquinius_Superbus__Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus (^according to legend, the seventh and last Etruscan king of Rome who was expelled for his cruelty (reigned from 534 to 510 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Andrei_Arsenevich_Tarkovsky__Tarkovsky__Andrei_Tarkovsky (^Russian filmmaker (1932-1986)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Quentin_Jerome_Tarantino__Tarantino__Quentin_Tarantino (^United States filmmaker (born in 1963)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Arthur_Tappan__Tappan (^United States abolitionist (1786-1865)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#Yves_Tanguy__Tanguy (^United States surrealist painter (born in France) (1900-1955)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Kenzo_Tange__Tange (^Japanese architect (born in 1913)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Roger_Brooke_Taney__Taney__Roger_Taney (^American jurist who served as Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court; remembered for his ruling that slaves and their descendants have no rights as citizens^)
   ^  #chief_justice;


#Tancred (^Norman leader in the First Crusade who played an important role in the capture of Jerusalem (1078-1112)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Igor_Yevgeneevich_Tamm__Tamm__Igor_Tamm (^Russian physicist (1895-1971)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Tamerlane__Tamburlaine__Timur__Timur_Lenk (^Mongolian ruler of Samarkand who led his nomadic hordes to conquer an area from Turkey to Mongolia (1336-1405)^)
   ^  #swayer;


#Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand__Talleyrand (^French statesman (1754-1838)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Maria_Tallchief__Tallchief (^United States ballerina who promoted American ballet through tours and television appearances (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#William_Henry_Fox_Talbot__Talbot__Fox_Talbot (^English inventor who published the first book illustrated with photographs (1800-1877)^)
   ^  #inventor  #photographer;


#Lorado_Taft__Taft (^United States sculptor (1860-1936)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#William_Howard_Taft__Taft__President_Taft (^27th President of the United States and later chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1857-1930)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Leo_Szilard__Szilard (^United States physicist and molecular biologist who helped develop the first atom bomb and later opposed the use of all nuclear weapons (1898-1964)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist  #molecular_biologist;


#Albert_von_Szent-Gyorgyi__Szent-Gyorgyi__Albert_Szent-Gyorgyi (^United States biochemist (born in Hungary) who was the first to isolate vitamin C (1893-1986)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#George_Szell__Szell (^United States conductor (born in Hungary) (1897-1970)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Edmund_John_Millington_Synge__Synge__J._M._Synge__John_Millington_Synge (^Irish playwright whose plays are based on rural Irish life (1871-1909)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Arthur_Symons__Symons (^English poet (1865-1945)^)
   ^  #poet;


#John_Addington_Symonds__Symonds (^English writer (1840-1893)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Thomas_Sydenham__Sydenham__The_English_Hippocrates (^English physician (1624-1689)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Algernon_Charles_Swinburne__Swinburne (^English poet (1837-1909)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Gustavus_Franklin_Swift__Swift (^United States meat-packer who began the use of refrigerated railroad cars (1839-1903)^)
   ^  #meat_packer;


#Jonathan_Swift__Swift__Dean_Swift (^an English satirist born in Ireland (1667-1745)^)
   ^  #satirist;


#Henry_Sweet__Sweet (^English phonetician; one of the founders of modern phonetics (1845-1912)^)
   ^  #phonetician;


#Emanuel_Swedenborg__Swedenborg__Svedberg__Emanuel_Svedberg (^Swedish theologian (1688-1772)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Gloria_Swanson__Swanson__Gloria_May_Josephine_Svensson (^United States actress in many silent films (1899-1983)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Jan_Swammerdam__Swammerdam (^Dutch naturalist and microscopist who proposed a classification of insects and who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and was the first to see red blood cells (1637-1680)^)
   ^  #naturalist  #microscopist;


#Otto_Neumann_Sverdrup__Sverdrup (^Norwegian explorer who led expeditions into the Arctic (1855-1930)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Dame_Joan_Sutherland__Sutherland__Joan_Sutherland (^Australian operatic soprano (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Sun_Yat-sen__Sun_Yixian (^Chinese statesman who organized the Kuomintang and led the revolution that overthrew the Manchu dynasty in 1911 and 1912 (1866-1925)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#William_Graham_Sumner__Sumner (^United States sociologist (1840-1910)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Thomas_Sully__Sully (^United States painter (born in England) of portraits and historical scenes (1783-1872)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Duc_de_Sully__Sully__Maxmilien_de_Bethune (^French statesman (1560-1641)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Louis_Henry_Sullivan__Sullivan__Louis_Sullivan__Louis_Henri_Sullivan (^United States architect known for his steel framed skyscrapers and for coining the phrase `form follows function' (1856-1924)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Harry_Stack_Sullivan__Sullivan (^United States psychiatrist (1892-1949)^)
   ^  #psychiatrist;


#Edward_Vincent_Sullivan__Sullivan__Ed_Sullivan (^United States host on a well known television variety show (1902-1974)^)
   ^  #master_of_ceremonies;


#Anne_Mansfield_Sullivan__Sullivan__Anne_Sullivan (^United States educator who was the teacher and lifelong companion of Helen Keller (1866-1936)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Arthur_Seymour_Sullivan__Sullivan__Arthur_Sullivan__Sir_Arthur_Sullivan (^English composer of operettas who collaborated with the librettist William Gilbert (1842-1900)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Lucius_Cornelius_Sulla_Felix__Sulla (^Roman general and dictator (138-78 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Achmad_Sukarno__Sukarno (^Indonesian statesman who obtained the independence of Indonesia from the Netherlands in 1949 and served as president until ousted by Suharto in a coup d'etat (1901-1970)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Suharto (^Indonesian statesman who seized power from Sukarno in 1967 (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Eugene_Sue__Sue (^French writer whose novels described the sordid side of city life (1804-1857)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_John_Suckling__Suckling (^English poet and courtier (1609-1642)^)
   ^  #poet  #courtier;


#William_Styron__Styron (^United States writer best known for his novels (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Petrus_Stuyvesant__Stuyvesant__Peter_Stuyvesant (^the last Dutch colonial administrator of New Netherland; in 1664 he was forced to surrender the colony to England (1592-1672)^)
   ^  #administrator.top_dog;


#William_Stubbs__Stubbs (^English historian noted for his constitutional history of medieval England (1825-1901)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Gilbert_Charles_Stuart__Stuart__Gilbert_Stuart (^United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Erich_von_Stroheim__Stroheim (^United States film actor (born in Austria) (1885-1957)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Johan_August_Strindberg__Strindberg__August_Strindberg  (^Swedish dramatist and novelist (1849-1912)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Barbra_Joan_Streisand__Streisand__Barbra_Streisand (^United States singer and actress (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #singer  #actress;


#Meryl_Streep__Streep (^United States film actress (born in 1949)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Igor_Fyodorovich_Stravinsky__Stravinsky__Igor_Stravinsky (^composer who was born in Russia but lived in the United States after 1939 (1882-1971)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Richard_Strauss__Strauss (^German composer; collaborated with librettist Hugo von Hoffmannsthal to produce several operas (1864-1949)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Strauss_the_Younger__Strauss__Johann_Strauss (^Austrian composer and son of Strauss the Elder; composed many famous waltzes and became known as the `waltz king' (1825-1899)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Strauss_the_Elder__Strauss__Johann_Strauss (^Austrian composer of waltzes (1804-1849)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Antonio_Stradivari__Stradivari__Stradivarius__Antonius_Stradivarius (^Italian violin maker who developed the modern violin and created violins of unequaled tonal quality (1644?-1737)^)
   ^  #violin_maker;


#Harriet_Elizabeth_Beecher_Stowe__Stowe__Harriet_Beecher_Stowe (^United States writer of a novel about slavery that advanced the abolitionists' cause (1811-1896)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #abolitionist;


#Sir_Tom_Stoppard__Stoppard__Tom_Stoppard__Thomas_Straussler (^British dramatist (born in Czechoslovakia in 1937)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Marie_Charlotte_Carmichael_Stopes__Stopes__Marie_Stopes (^birth-control campaigner who in 1921 opened the first birth control clinic in London (1880-1958)^)
   ^  #birth-control_campaigner;


#Oliver_Stone__Stone (^United States filmmaker (born in 1946)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Lucy_Stone__Stone (^United States feminist and suffragist (1818-1893)^)
   ^  #feminist  #suffragist;


#Isidor_Feinstein_Stone__Stone__I._F._Stone (^United States journalist who advocated liberal causes (1907-1989)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Harlan_Fiske_Stone__Stone (^United States jurist who served on the United States Supreme Court as Chief Justice (1872-1946)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#Edward_Durell_Stone__Stone (^United States architect (1902-1978)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Leopold_Antoni_Stanislaw_Stokowski__Stokowski__Leopold_Stokowski (^United States conductor (born in Britain) (1882-1977)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Abraham_Stoker__Stoker__Bram_Stoker (^Irish writer of the horror novel about Dracula (1847-1912)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Francis_Richard_Stockton__Stockton__Frank_Stockton (^United States writer (1834-1902)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Joseph_Warren_Stilwell__Stilwell__Vinegar_Joe_Stilwell__Uncle_Joe (^United States general who commanded the Allied forces in China and Burma and India during World War II (1883-1946)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Alfred_Stieglitz__Stieglitz (^United States photographer (1864-1946)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#James_Maitland_Stewart__Stewart__Jimmy_Stewart (^United States film actor who portrayed incorruptible but modest heros (1908-1997)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Dugald_Stewart__Stewart (^Scottish philosopher and follower of Thomas Reid (1753-1828)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Robert_Louis_Balfour_Stevenson__Stevenson__Robert_Louis_Stevenson (^Scottish author (1850-1894)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Adlai_Ewing_Stevenson__Stevenson__Adlai_Stevenson (^United States politician and diplomat (1900-1968)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Wallace_Stevens__Stevens (^United States poet (1879-1955)^)
   ^  #poet;


#George_Stevens__Stevens (^United States filmmaker (1905-1975)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Baron_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Ludolf_Gerhard_Augustin_von_Steuben__Steuben (^American Revolutionary leader (born in Prussia) who trained the troops under George Washington (1730-1794)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Laurence_Sterne__Sterne (^English writer (born in Ireland) (1713-1766)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Isaac_Stern__Stern (^United States concert violinist (born in Russia in 1920)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#George_Stephenson__Stephenson (^English railway pioneer who built the first passenger railway in 1825 (1781-1848)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Sir_Leslie_Stephen__Stephen (^English writer (1832-1904)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Charles_Dillon_Stengel__Stengel__Casey_Stengel (^United States baseball manager (1890-1975)^)
   ^  #baseball_coach;


#Stendhal__Marie_Henri_Beyle (^French writer whose novels were the first to feature psychological analysis of the character (1783-1842)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Georg_Wilhelm_Steller__Steller (^German naturalist (1709-1746)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Frank_Philip_Stella__Stella__Frank_Stella (^United States minimalist painter (born in 1936)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Heinrich_Engelhard_Steinway__Steinway__Henry_Steinway__Henry_Engelhard_Steinway (^United States piano maker (born in Germany) who founded a famous piano manufacturing firm in New York (1797-1871)^)
   ^  #piano_maker;


#Charles_Proteus_Steinmetz__Steinmetz (^United States electrical engineer and inventor (born in Germany) (1865-1923)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer  #inventor;


#David_Barnard_Steinman__Steinman (^United States civil engineer noted for designing suspension bridges (including the George Washington Bridge) (1886-1960)^)
   ^  #civil_engineer;


#Gloria_Steinem__Steinem (^United States feminist (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #feminist;


#Saul_Steinberg__Steinberg (^United States cartoonist (born in Romania) noted for his caricatures of famous people (1914-1999)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#John_Ernst_Steinbeck__Steinbeck__John_Steinbeck (^United States writer noted for his novels about agricultural workers (1902-1968)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Gertrude_Stein__Stein (^experimental expatriate United States writer (1874-1946)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edward_Jean_Steichen__Steichen (^United States photographer who pioneered artistic photography (1879-1973)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#Joseph_Lincoln_Steffens__Steffens__Lincoln_Steffens (^United States journalist who exposes in 1906 started an era of muckraking journalism (1866-1936)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Sir_Richrd_Steele__Steele (^English writer (1672-1729)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ruth_St._Denis__St._Denis__Saint_Denis__Ruth_Saint_Denis (^United States dancer and choreographer who collaborated with Ted Shawn (1877-1968)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton__Stanton (^American suffragist and feminist; called for reform of the practices that perpetuated sexual inequality (1815-1902)^)
   ^  #suffragist  #feminist;


#Francis_Edgar_Stanley__Stanley (^United States inventor who built a steam-powered automobile (1849-1918)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Sir_Henry_Morton_Stanley__Stanley__Henry_M._Stanley__John_Rowlands (^Welsh journalist and explorer who led an expedition to Africa in search of David Livingstone and found him in Tanzania in 1871; he and Livingstone together tried to find the source of the Nile River (1841-1904)^)
   ^  #journalist  #explorer;


#Konstantin_Sergeevich_Stanislavsky__Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Stanislavsky__Konstantin_Sergevich_Alekseev (^Russian actor and theater director who trained his actors to emphasize the psychological motivation of their roles (1863-1938)^)
   ^  #histrion  #managing_director;


#Leland_Stanford__Stanford (^United States railroad executive for the Central Pacific Railroad and founder of Stanford University (1824-1893)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Miles_Standish__Standish__Myles_Standish (^English colonist in America; leader of the Pilgrims in the early days of the Plymouth colony (1584-1656)^)
   ^  #colonist;


#Joseph_Stalin__Stalin__Iosif_Vissarionovich_Dzhugashvili (^Russian Soviet leader; succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953)^)
   ^  #communist;


#Madame_de_Stael__Stael__Baronne_Anne_Louise_Germaine_Necker_de_Steal-Holstein (^French romantic writer (1766-1817)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Josiah_Spode__Spode (^English potter who started a pottery famous for its bone china (1754-1827)^)
   ^  #potter;


#Benjamin_Spock__Spock (^United States pediatrician whose many books on child care influenced the upbringing of children around the world (1903-1998)^)
   ^  #baby_doctor;


#Benedict_de_Spinoza__Spinoza__de_Spinoza__Baruch_de_Spinoza (^Dutch philosopher who espoused a pantheistic system (1632-1677)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Frank_Morrison_Spillane__Spillane__Mickey_Spillane (^United States writer of popular detective novels (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Spielburg__Steven_Spielberg (^United States filmmaker (born in 1947)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Elmer_Ambrose_Sperry__Sperry (^United States engineer and inventor of the gyrocompass (1860-1930)^)
   ^  #inventor  #engineer;


#Edmund_Spenser__Spenser (^English poet who wrote an allegorical romance celebrating Elizabeth I in the Spenserian stanza (1552-1599)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Oswald_Spengler__Spengler (^German philosopher who argued that cultures grow and decay in cycles (1880-1936)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Sir_Stephen_Harold_Spender__Spender__Stephen_Spender (^English poet and critic (1909-1995)^)
   ^  #poet  #literary_critic;


#Herbert_Spencer__Spencer (^English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #sociologist;


#John_Hanning_Speke__Speke (^English explorer who with Sir Richard Burton was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika; he also discovered Lake Victoria and named it (1827-1864)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Albert_Speer__Speer (^German Nazi architect who worked for Hitler (1905-1981)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Boris_Vasilevich_Spassky__Spassky__Boris_Spassky (^Russian chess master who moved to Paris; world champion from 1969 to 1972 (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #chess_master;


#Muriel_Sarah_Spark__Spark__Muriel_Spark__Dame_Muriel_Spark (^Scottish writer of satirical novels (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lazzaro_Spallanzani__Spallanzani (^Italian physiologist who disproved the theory of spontaneous generation (1729-1799)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Chaim_Soutine__Soutine (^French expressionist painter (born in Lithuania) (1893-1943)^)
   ^  #painter;


#John_Philip_Sousa__Sousa__The_March_King (^a United States bandmaster and composer of military marches (1854-1932)^)
   ^  #bandmaster  #composer;


#Soren_Peter_Lauritz_Sorensen__Sorensen (^Danish chemist who devised the pH scale (1868-1939)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Sophocles (^one of the greatest dramatist of ancient Greece (496-406 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Susan_Sontag__Sontag (^United States writer (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Stephen_Sondheim__Sondheim (^United States composer of musicals (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Alexander_Isayevich_Solzhenitsyn__Solzhenitsyn (^Soviet writer and political dissident whose novels exposed the brutality of Soviet labor camps (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #political_dissident;


#Ernest_Solvay__Solvay (^Belgian chemist who developed the Solvay process and built factories exploiting it (1838-1922)^)
   ^  #chemist  #industrialist;


#Solomon (^(Old Testament) son of David and King of Israel noted for his wisdom (10th century BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Frederick_Soddy__Soddy (^English chemist whose work on radioactive disintegration led to the discovery of isotopes (1877-1956)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Socrates (^ancient Athenian philosopher; teacher of Plato and Xenophon (470-399 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #Athenian;


#Faustus_Socinus__Socinus__Fausto_Paolo_Sozzini (^Italian theologian who argued against trinitarianism (1539-1604)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Baron_Snow_of_Leicester__Snow__C._P._Snow__Charles_Percy_Snow (^English writer of novels about moral dilemmas in academe (1905-1980)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Hermann_Snellen__Snellen (^Dutch ophthalmologist who introduced the Snellen chart to study visual acuity (1834-1908)^)
   ^  #ophthalmologist;


#Jan_Christian_Smuts__Smuts (^South African statesman and soldier (1870-1950)^)
   ^  #soldier  #statesman;


#Tobias_George_Smollett__Smollett__Tobias_Smollett (^Scottish writer of adventure novels (1721-1771)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ian_Douglas_Smith__Smith__Ian_Smith (^Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#David_Roland_Smith__Smith__David_Smith (^United States sculptor (1906-1965)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Kathryn_Elizabeth_Smith__Smith__Kate_Smith (^United States singer noted for her rendition of patriotic songs (1909-1986)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Julia_Evelina_Smith__Smith (^United States suffragist who refused to pay taxes until she could vote (1792-1886)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#Bessie_Smith__Smith (^United States blues singer (1894-1937)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Joseph_Smith__Smith (^religious leader who founded the Mormon Church in 1830 (1805-1844)^)
   ^  #Latter-day_Saint;


#John_Smith__Smith (^English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia; was said to have been saved by Pocahontas (1580-1631)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Adam_Smith__Smith (^Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Otis_Skinner__Skinner (^United States actor (1858-1942)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Cornelia_Otis_Skinner__Skinner (^United States actress noted for her one-woman shows (1901-1979)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Burrhus_Frederic_Skinner__Skinner__B_F_Skinner (^American psychologist and leading proponent of behaviorism (1904-1990)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Walter_William_Skeat__Skeat (^English philologist (1835-1912)^)
   ^  #philologist;


#Dame_Edith_Louisa_Sitwell__Sitwell__Dame_Edith_Sitwell (^English poet (1887-1964)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sitting_Bull (^a chief of the Sioux; took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States Army troops; he was present at the battle of Little Bighorn (1876) when the Sioux massacred General Custer's troops (1831-1890)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Hunkpapa.Sioux;


#Willem_de_Sitter__Sitter (^Dutch astronomer who calculated the size of the universe and suggested that it is expanding (1872-1934)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Siraj-ud-daula (^Indian general who opposed colonization by England; he captured Calcutta in 1756 and many of his prisoners suffocated in a crowded room that became known as the Black Hole of Calcutta; he was defeated at the battle of Plassey by a group of Indian nobles in alliance with Robert Clive (1728-1757)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#David_Alfaro_Siqueiros__Siqueiros__David_Siqueiros (^Mexican painter of murals depicting protest and revolution (1896-1974)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Isaac_Merrit_Singer__Singer__Isaac_M._Singer (^United States inventor of an improved chain-stitch sewing machine (1811-1875)^)
   ^  #inventor  #manufacturer;


#Isaac_Bashevis_Singer__Singer (^United States writer (born in Poland) of Yiddish stories and novels (1904-1991)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Upton_Beall_Sinclair__Sinclair__Upton_Sinclair (^United States writer whose novels argued for social reform (1878-1968)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Clive_Marles_Sinclair__Sinclair__Clive_Sinclair (^English electrical engineer who founded a company that introduced many innovative products (born in 1940)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer  #entrepreneur;


#Francis_Albert_Sinatra__Sinatra__Frank_Sinatra (^United States singer and film actor (1915-1998)^)
   ^  #crooner  #histrion;


#Wallis_Warfield_Simpson__Simpson__Mrs._Simpson__Wallis_Warfield_Windsor__Duchess_of_Windsor (^American divorcee whose marriage to Edward VIII created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication^)
   ^  #divorcee;


#Sir_James_Young_Simpson__Simpson (^Scottish obstetrician and surgeon who pioneered in the use of ether and discovered the anesthetic effects of chloroform (1811-1870)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Simon_the_Canaanite__Simon__St_Simon__Simon_Zelotes__Simon_the_Zealot (^one of the twelve Apostles (first century)^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Paul_Simon__Simon (^United States singer and songwriter (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #singer  #songwriter;


#Marvin_Neil_Simon__Simon__Neil_Simon (^United States playwright noted for light comedies (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Herbert_Aleddxander_Simon__Simon__Herb_Simon__Herbert_A._Simon (^United States economist and psychologist who pioneered in the development of cognitive science (1916-2001)^)
   ^  #economist  #psychologist;


#Georges_Joseph_Christian_Simenon__Simenon__Georges_Simenon (^French writer (born in Belgium) best known for his detective novels featuring Inspector Maigret (1903-1989)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Beverly_Sills__Sills (^United States operatic soprano (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Igor_Ivanovich_Sikorsky__Sikorsky__Igor_Sikorsky (^United States industrialist (born in Russia) who designed the first four-engine airplane and the first mass-produced helicopter (1889-1972)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Sir_Charles_William_Siemens__Siemens__Karl_Wilhelm_Siemens (^engineer who was a brother of Ernst Werner von Siemens and who moved to England (1823-1883)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Ernst_Werner_von_Siemens__Siemens (^German electrical engineer (1816-1892)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#Sir_Philip_Sidney__Sidney (^English poet (1554-1586)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sarah_Kemble_Siddons__Siddons__Sarah_Siddons (^English actress noted for her performances in Shakespearean roles (1755-1831)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Johan_Julius_Christian_Sibelius__Sibelius__Jean_Sibelius (^Finnish composer (1865-1957)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Nevil_Shute_Norway__Shute__Nevil_Shute (^English writer who settled in Norway after World War II (1899-1960)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Dmitri_Dmitrievich_Shostakovich__Shostakovich__Dmitri_Shostakovich (^Russian composer best known for his fifteen symphonies (1906-1975)^)
   ^  #composer;


#William_Bradford_Shockley__Shockley__William_Shockley (^United States physicist (born in England) who contributed to the development of the electronic transistor (1910-1989)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#William_Lawrence_Shirer__Shirer (^United States broadcast journalist who was in Berlin at the outbreak of World War II (born in 1904)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Taras_Grigoryevich_Shevchenko__Shevchenko (^Ukranian poet (1814-1861)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Robert_Emmet_Sherwood__Sherwood (^United States playwright (1896-1955)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Sir_Charles_Scott_Sherrington__Sherrington (^English physiologist who conducted research on reflex action (1857-1952)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#William_Tecumseh_Sherman__Sherman (^United States general who was commander of all Union troops in the West; he captured Atlanta and led a destructive march to the sea that cut the Confederacy in two (1820-1891)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Roger_Sherman__Sherman (^American Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence and the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution (1721-1793)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Richard_Brinsley_Sheridan__Sheridan (^Irish playwright remembered for his satirical comedies of manners (1751-1816)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Alan_Bartlett_Shepard_Jr.__Shepard__Alan_Shepard (^astronaut who made the first United States' suborbital rocket-powered flight in 1961 (1923-1998)^)
   ^  #astronaut;


#Mary_Godwin_Wollstonecraft_Shelley__Shelley__Mary_Shelley__Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley (^English writer who created Frankenstein's monster and married Percy Bysshe Shelley (1797-1851)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Percy_Bysshe_Shelley__Shelley (^English Romantic poet (1792-1822)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Moira_Shearer__Shearer (^Scottish ballet dancer and actress (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #actress;


#Ted_Shawn__Shawn (^United States dancer and choreographer who collaborated with Ruth Saint Denis (1891-1972)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Henry_Wheeler_Shaw__Shaw__Josh_Billings (^United States humorist who wrote about rural life (1818-1885)^)
   ^  #humorist;


#Anna_Howard_Shaw__Shaw (^United States physician and suffragist (1847-1919)^)
   ^  #suffragist  #doc;


#George_Bernard_Shaw__Shaw__G._B._Shaw (^English playwright (born in Ireland); founder of the Fabian Society (1856-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #dramatist;


#Harlow_Shapley__Shapley (^United States astronomer (1885-1972)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Claude_Elwood_Shannon__Shannon__Claude_Shannon__Claude_E._Shannon (^United States engineer who pioneered mathematical communication theory (born in 1916)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Ravi_Shankar__Shankar (^Indian sitar player who popularized classical Indian music in the West (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #sitar_player;


#William_Shakespeare__Shakespeare__Shakspere__William_Shakspere__the_bard (^English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Benjamin_Shahn__Shahn__Ben_Shahn (^United States artist whose work reflected social and political themes (1898-1969)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Shah_Jahan (^Mogul emperor of India during whose reign the finest monuments of Mogul architecture were built (including the Taj Mahal at Agra) (1592-1666)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Jane_Seymour__Seymour (^Queen of England as the third wife of Henry VIII and mother of Edward VI (1509-1537)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Anne_Sexton__Sexton (^United States poet (1928-1974)^)
   ^  #poet;


#William_Henry_Seward__Seward (^United States politician who arranged for the purchase of Alaska from Russia (known at the time as Seward's Folly) (1801-1872)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Georges_Pierre_Seurat__Seurat__Georges_Seurat (^French painter who developed pointilism (1859-1891)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Saint_Elizabeth_Ann_Bayley_Seton__Seton__Elizabeth_Seton__Mother_Seton (^United States religious leader who was the first person born in the United States to be canonized (1774-1821)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Roger_Huntington_Sessions__Sessions__Roger_Sessions (^United States composer who promoted 20th century music (1896-1985)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Robert_William_Service__Service (^Canadian writer (born in England) who wrote about life in the Yukon Territory (1874-1958)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Miguel_Jose_Serra__Serra__Junipero_Serra (^Spanish missionary who founded Franciscan missions in California (1713-1784)^)
   ^  #missioner;


#Rudolf_Serkin__Serkin (^United States concert pianist (born in Czechoslovakia) (1903-1991)^)
   ^  #pianist;


#Sequoya__Sequoyah__George_Guess (^Cherokee who created a notation for writing the Cherokee language (1770-1843)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Cherokee.Iroquois;


#Mack_Sennett__Sennett (^United States filmmaker (born in Canada) noted for slapstick movies (1880-1960)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Sennacherib (^King of Assyria who invaded Judea twice and defeated Babylon and rebuilt Nineveh after it had been destroyed by Babylonians (died in 681 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca__Seneca (^Roman statesman and philosopher who was and advisor to Nero (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)^)
   ^  #statesman  #dramatist  #philosopher;


#David_Oliver_Selznick__Selznick__David_O._Selznick (^United States filmmaker noted for his film adaptations of popular novels (1902-1965)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Peter_Sellers__Sellers (^English comic actor (1925-1980)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Alexander_Selkirk__Selkirk__Selcraig__Alexander_Selcraig (^Sottish sailor who was put ashore on a deserted island off the coast of Chile for five years (providing the basis for Daniel Defoe's novel about Robinson Crusoe) (1676-1721)^)
   ^  #sailor;


#Seleucus_I_Nicator__Seleucus__Seleucus_I (^Macedonian general who accompanied Alexander the Great into Asia; founded a line of kings who reigned in Asia Minor until 65 BC (358-281 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Macedonian;


#Monica_Seles__Seles (^United States tennis player (born in Yugoslavia in 1973)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Andres_Segovia__Segovia (^Spanish guitarist who made classical guitar a concert instrument (1893-1987)^)
   ^  #guitarist  #composer;


#George_Segal__Segal (^United States sculptor (born in 1924)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Peter_Seeger__Seeger__Pete_Seeger (^United States folk singer who was largely responsible for the interest in folk music in the 1960s (born in 1919)^)
   ^  #folk_singer;


#Alan_Seeger__Seeger (^United States poet killed in World War I (1888-1916)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Elizabeth_Cochrane_Seaman__Seaman__Elizabeth_Seaman__Nellie_Bly (^muckraking United States journalist who exposed bad conditions in mental institutions (1867-1922)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Gelnn_Theodore_Seaborg__Seaborg__Glenn_T._Seaborg (^United States chemist who was one of the discoverers of plutonium (1912-1999)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Edward_Wyllis_Scripps__Scripps (^United States newspaper publisher who founded an important press association; half-brother of James Edmund Scripps (1854-1926)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#James_Edmund_Scripps__Scripps (^United States newspaper publisher and half-brother of Edward Wyllis Scripps (1835-1908)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#Augustin_Eugene_Scribe__Scribe (^French playwright (1791-1861)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Alexander_Nikolayevich_Scriabin__Scriabin (^Russian composer of orchestral and piano music (1872-1915)^)
   ^  #composer;


#George_C._Scott__Scott (^award-winning United States film actor (1928-1999)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Robert_Falcon_Scott__Scott__Robert_Scott (^English explorer who reached the South Pole just a month after Amundsen; he and his party died on the return journey (1868-1912)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Winfield_Scott__Scott (^United States general who was a hero of the War of 1812 and who defeated Santa Anna in the Mexican War (1786-1866)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Sir_Walter_Scott__Scott__Walter_Scott (^British author of historical novels and ballads (1771-1832)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Dred_Scott__Scott (^United States slave who sued for liberty after living in a non-slave state; caused the Supreme Court to declare the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional (1795?-1858)^)
   ^  #slave;


#Martin_Scorsese__Scorsese (^United States filmmaker (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#John_Thomas_Scopes__Scopes__John_Scopes (^Tennessee highschool teacher who violated a state law by teaching evolution; in a highly publicized trial in 1925 he was prosecuted by William Jennings Bryan and defended by Clarence Darrow (1900-1970)^)
   ^  #schoolteacher;


#Publius_Cornelius_Scipio_Africanus_Major__Scipio__Scipio_Africanus__Scipio_Africanus_Major__Publius_Cornelius_Scipio__Scipio_the_Elder (^Roman general who commanded the invasion of Carthage in the second Punic War and defeated Hannibal at Zama (circa 237-183 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Albert_Schweitzer__Schweitzer (^French philosopher and physician and organist who spent most of his life as a medical missionary in Gabon (1875-1965)^)
   ^  #missioner  #philosopher  #doc  #organist;


#Theodor_Schwann__Schwann (^German physiologist and histologist who in 1839 identified the cell as the basic structure of plant and animal tissue (1810-1882)^)
   ^  #physiologist  #histologist;


#Joseph_Alois_Schumpeter__Schumpeter__Joseph_Schumpeter (^United States economist (born in Czechoslovakia) (1883-1950)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Ernestine_Schumann-Heink__Schumann-Heink (^United States operatic contralto (1861-1936)^)
   ^  #contralto;


#Robert_Alexander_Schumann__Schumann__Robert_Schumann (^German romantic composer known for piano music and songs (1810-1856)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Charles_Munroe_Schulz__Schulz__Charles_Schulz (^United States cartoonist whose comic strip included the beagle Snoopy (1922-2000)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Franz_Peter_Schubert__Schubert__Franz_Schubert (^Austrian composer known for his compositions for voice and piano (1797-1828)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Erwin_Schrodinger__Schrodinger (^Austrian physicist who discovered the wave equation (1887-1961)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Arthur_Schopenhauer__Schopenhauer (^German pessimist philosopher (1788-1860)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Henry_Rowe_Schoolcraft__Schoolcraft (^United States geologist and ethnologist and explorer who discovered the source of the Mississippi River (1793-1864)^)
   ^  #geologist  #ethnologist  #explorer;


#Arnold_Schonberg__Schonberg__Schoenberg__Arnold_Schoenberg (^Austrian composer and musical theorist who developed atonal composition (1874-1951)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Christian_Friedrich_Schonbein__Schonbein__Christian_Schonbein (^German chemist who discovered ozone and developed guncotton as a propellant in firearms (1799-1868)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Artur_Schnabel__Schnabel (^United States composer (born in Austria) and pianist noted for his interpretations of the works of Mozart and Beethoven and Schubert (1882-1951)^)
   ^  #composer  #pianist;


#Helmut_Heinrich_Waldemar_Schmidt__Schmidt__Helmut_Schmidt (^German statesman who served as chancellor of Germany (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Heinrich_Schliemann__Schliemann (^German archaeologist who discovered nine superimposed city sites of Troy; he also excavated Mycenae (1822-1890)^)
   ^  #archeologist;


#Arthur_Meier_Schlesinger_Jr.__Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger_Jr. (^United States historian and advisor to President Kennedy (born in 1917)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Arthur_Meier_Schlesinger__Schlesinger__Arthur_Schlesinger (^United States historian (1888-1965)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Johann_Christoph_Friedrich_von_Schiller__Schiller (^German romantic writer (1759-1805)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Giovanni_Virginio_Schiaparelli__Schiaparelli (^Italian astronomer who first noted lines (which he called canals) on the surface of Mars (1835-1910)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Elsa_Schiaparelli__Schiaparelli (^fashion designer born in Italy who was noted for her use of synthetic materials and brilliant colors (1896-1973)^)
   ^  #couturier;


#Karl_Wilhelm_Scheele__Scheele__Karl_Scheele (^Swedish chemist (born in Germany) who discovered oxygen before Priestley did (1742-1786)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Dorothy_Leigh_Sayers__Sayers__Dorothy_Sayers__Dorothy_L._Sayers (^English writer of detective fiction (1893-1957)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Saxo_Grammaticus (^Danish historian who chronicled the history of Denmark (including the legend of Hamlet) (1150?-1220?)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Hermann_Maurice_Saxe__Saxe__comte_de_Saxe (^a French marshal who distinguished himself in the War of the Austrian Succession (1696-1750)^)
   ^  #full_general  #marshall;


#Girolamo_Savonarola__Savonarola (^Italian religious and political reformer; a Dominican friar in Florence who preached against sin and corruption and gained a large following; he expelled the Medici from Florence but was later excommunicated and executed for criticizing the Pope (1452-1498)^)
   ^  #Dominican  #reformist;


#Saul (^(Old Testament) the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (especially the Philistines)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Erik_Alfred_Leslie_Satie__Satie__Erik_Satie (^French composer noted for his experimentalism and rejection of romanticism (1866-1925)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Jean_Paul_Sartre__Sartre (^French writer and existentialist philosopher (1905-1980)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #existentialist;


#William_Saroyan__Saroyan (^United States writer of plays and short stories (1908-1981)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#David_Sarnoff__Sarnoff (^United States businessman who pioneered in radio and television broadcasting (1891-1971)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#John_Singer_Sargent__Sargent (^United States painter known for his society portraits (1856-1925)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gene_Sarazen__Sarazen (^United States golfer who was first to win all four major golf tournaments (1902-1999)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#Sarah (^(Old Testament) the wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac^)
   ^  #wife;


#Sappho (^the Greek lyric poet of Lesbos; much admired although only fragments of her poetry have been preserved (6th century BC)^)
   ^  #poetess  #Lesbian;


#Edward_Sapir__Sapir (^anthropologist and linguist; studied languages of North American Indians (1884-1939)^)
   ^  #anthropologist  #linguist;


#Antonio_Lopez_de_Santa_Anna__Santa_Anna__Santa_Ana__Antonio_Lopez_de_Santa_Ana (^Mexican general who tried to crush the Texas revolt and who lost battles to Winfield Scott and Zachary Taylor in the Mexican War (1795-1876)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Margaret_Higgins_Sanger__Sanger__Margaret_Sanger (^United States nurse who campaigned for birth control and planned parenthood (1883-1966)^)
   ^  #nurse;


#Carl_Sandburg__Sandburg (^United States writer remembered for his poetry in free verse and his six volume biography of Abraham Lincoln (1878-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#George_Sand__Sand__Amandine_Aurore_Lucie_Dupin__Baroness_Dudevant (^French writer known for works concerning women's rights and independence (1804-1876)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Samuel (^(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king^)
   ^  #vaticinator;


#Samson (^(Old Testament) a judge of Israel who performed herculean feats of strength against the Philistines until he was betrayed to them by his mistress Delilah^)
   ^  #judge;


#Haym_Salomon__Salomon (^American financier and Revolutionary patriot who helped fund the army during the American Revolution (1740?-1785)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #financier;


#Salome (^woman whose dancing beguiled Herod into giving her the head of John the Baptist^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Jonas_Edward_Salk__Salk__Jonas_Salk (^United States virologist who developed the Salk vaccine that is injected against poliomyelitis (born 1914)^)
   ^  #virologist;


#Jerome_David_Salinger__Salinger__J._D._Salinger (^United States writer (born 1919)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Andrei_Dimitrievich_Sakharov__Sakharov__Andrei_Sakharov (^Soviet physicist and dissident; helped develop the first Russian hydrogen bomb; advocated nuclear disarmament and campaigned for human rights (1921-1989)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Comte_Donatien_Alphonse_Francois_de_Sade__Sade__de_Sade__Marquis_de_Sade (^French soldier and writer whose descriptions of sexual perversion gave rise to the term `sadism' (1740-1814)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Anwar_el-Sadat__Sadat (^Egyptian statesman who (as President of Egypt) negotiated a peace treaty with Menachem Begin of Israel (1918-1981)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Nicola_Sacco__Sacco (^United States anarchist (born in Italy) who with Bartolomeo Vanzetti was convicted of murder and in spite of world-wide protest was executed (1891-1927)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#Albert_Bruce_Sabin__Sabin__Albert_Sabin (^United States microbiologist (born in Poland) who developed the Sabin vaccine that is taken orally against poliomyelitis (born 1906)^)
   ^  #microbiologist;


#Daniel_Rutherford__Rutherford (^British chemist who isolated nitrogen (1749-1819)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#First_Baron_Rutherford_of_Nelson__Rutherford__Ernest_Rutherford__First_Baron_Rutherford (^British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#George_Herman_Ruth__Ruth__Babe_Ruth__Sultan_of_Swat (^American professional baseball player famous for hitting home runs (1895-1948)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Ruth.wife (^the great-grandmother of King David whose story is told in the Book of Ruth in the Old Testament^)
   ^  #wife;


#Bertrand_Arthur_William_Russell__Russell__Bertrand_Russell__Earl_Russell (^English philosopher and mathematician who collaborated with Whitehead (1872-1970)^)
   ^  #logician  #philosopher;


#John_Ruskin__Ruskin (^British art critic (1819-1900)^)
   ^  #art_critic;


#Ahmed_Salman_Rushdie__Rushdie__Salman_Rushdie (^British writer of novels who was born in India; one of his novels is regarded as blasphemous by Muslims and a fatwa was issued condemning him to death (born in 1947)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Benjamin_Rush__Rush (^physician and Revolutionary American leader; signer of the Declaration of Independence (1745-1813)^)
   ^  #doc  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Prince_Rupert__Rupert (^English leader (born in Germany) of the Royalist forces during the English Civil War (1619-1682)^)
   ^  #prince;


#Alfred_Damon_Runyon__Runyon__Damon_Runyon (^United States writer of humorous stylized stories about Broadway and the New York underground (1884-1946)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Karl_Rudolf_Gerd_von_Rundstedt__Rundstedt__von_Rundstedt (^German field marshal in World War II who directed the conquest of Poland and led the Ardennes counteroffensive (1875-1953)^)
   ^  #field_marshal;


#Arthur_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Artur_Rubinstein (^United States pianist (born in Poland) known for his interpretations of the music of Chopin (1886-1982)^)
   ^  #pianist;


#Anton_Grigorevich_Rubinstein__Rubinstein__Anton_Gregor_Rubinstein (^Russian composer and pianist (1829-1894)^)
   ^  #composer  #pianist;


#Sir_Peter_Paul_Rubens__Rubens__Peter_Paul_Rubens (^prolific Flemish baroque painter; knighted by Charles I of England (1577-1640)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Le_Douanier_Rousseau__Rousseau__Henri_Rousseau (^French primitive painter (1844-1910)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Jean-Jacques_Rousseau__Rousseau (^French philosopher and writer born in Switzerland; believed that the natural goodness of man was warped by society; ideas influenced the French Revolution (1712-1778)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #philosopher;


#Francis_Peyton_Rous__Rous__Peyton_Rous (^United States pathologist who discovered viruses that cause tumors (1879-1970)^)
   ^  #diagnostician;


#Rothschild (^any of family of powerful Jewish bankers in Europe^)
   ^  #banker;


#Mark_Rothko__Rothko (^United States abstract painter (born in Russia) whose paintings are characterized by horizontal bands of color with indistinct boundaries (1903-1970)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Giloacchino_Antonio_Rossini__Rossini (^Italian composer remembered for his operas (1792-1868)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti__Rossetti (^English poet and painter who was a leader of the Pre-Raphaelites (1828-1882)^)
   ^  #Pre-Raphaelite;


#Sir_John_Ross__Ross__John_Ross (^Scottish explorer who led Arctic expeditions that yielded geographic discoveries while searching for the Northwest Passage (1777-1856)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Sir_James_Clark_Ross__Ross__James_Clark_Ross (^British explorer of the Arctic and Antarctic; located the north magnetic pole in 1831; discovered the Ross Sea in Antarctica; nephew of Sir John Ross (1800-1862)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Sir_Ronald_Ross__Ross (^British physician who discovered that mosquitos transmit malaria (1857-1932)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Nellie_Tayloe_Ross__Ross__Nellie_Ross (^a politician in Wyoming who was the first woman governor in the United States (1876-1977)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Betsy_Griscom_Ross__Ross__Betsy_Ross (^American seamstress said to have made the first American flag at the request of George Washington (1752-1836)^)
   ^  #dressmaker;


#Anna_Eleanor_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Eleanor_Roosevelt (^wife of Franklin Roosevelt and a strong advocate of human rights (1884-1962)^)
   ^  #diplomatist  #professional_writer;


#President_Franklin_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Franklin_Roosevelt__Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt__FDR (^32nd President of the United States; elected four times; instituted New Deal to counter the great depression and led country during World War II (1882-1945)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#President_Theodore_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Theodore_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt (^26th President of the United States; hero of the Spanish-American War; Panama Canal was built during his administration; said "Speak softly but carry a big stick" (1858-1919)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Erwin_Rommel__Rommel__Desert_Fox (^German field marshal noted for brilliant generalship in North Africa during World War II (1891-1944)^)
   ^  #field_marshal;


#Sigmund_Romberg__Romberg (^United States composer (born in Hungary) who composed operettas (1887-1951)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Rollo__Rolf__Hrolf (^Norse chieftan who became the first duke of Normandy (860-931)^)
   ^  #chieftan;


#Peter_Mark_Roget__Roget (^English physician who in retirement compiled a well-known thesaurus (1779-1869)^)
   ^  #doc;


#William_Penn_Adair_Rogers__Rogers__Will_Rogers (^United States humorist remembered for his homespun commentary on politics and American society (1879-1935)^)
   ^  #humorist;


#Ginger_Rogers__Rogers__Virginia_McMath (^United States dancer and film actress who partnered with Fred Astaire (born 1911)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #actress;


#Carl_Rogers__Rogers (^United States psychologist who developed client-centered therapy (1902-1987)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Wilhelm_Konrad_Roentgen__Roentgen__Rontgin__Wilhelm_Konrad_Rontgen (^German physicist who discovered x-rays and developed roentgenography (1845-1923)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#John_Augustus_Roebling__Roebling__John_Roebling (^United States engineer (born in Germany) who designed and began construction of the Brooklyn bridge (1806-1869)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Francois_Auguste_Rene_Rodin__Rodin__Auguste_Rodin (^French sculptor noted for his renderings of the human form (1840-1917)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Richard_Rodgers__Rodgers (^United States composer of musical comedies (especially in collaboration with Oscar Hammerstein II and with Lorenz Hart) (1902-1979)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Norman_Rockwell__Rockwell (^United States illustrator whose works present a sentimental idealized view of everyday life (1894-1978)^)
   ^  #illustrator;


#Second_Marquis_of_Rockingham__Rockingham__Charles_Watson-Wentworth (^English statesman who served as prime minister and who opposed the war with the American colonies (1730-1782)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#John_Davison_Rockefeller__Rockefeller__John_D._Rockefeller (^United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #philanthropist;


#Comte_de_Rochambeau__Rochambeau__Jean_Baptiste_Donatien_de_Vimeur (^French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Sir_Robert_Robinson__Robinson__Robert_Robinson (^English chemist noted for his studies of molecular structures in plants (1886-1975)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Sugar_Ray_Robinson__Robinson__Ray_Robinson__Walker_Smith (^United States prizefighter who won the world middleweight championship five times and the world welterweight championship once (1921-1989)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Esme_Stuart_Lennox_Robinson__Robinson__Lennox_Robinson (^Irish playwright and theater manager in Dublin (1886-1958)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#James_Harvey_Robinson__Robinson (^United States historian who stressed the importance of intellectual and social events for the course of history (1863-1936)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Jack_Roosevelt_Robinson__Robinson__Jackie_Robinson (^United States baseball player; first Black to play in the major leagues (1919-1972)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Edwin_Arlington_Robinson__Robinson (^United States poet; author of narrative verse (1869-1935)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Edward_Goldenberg_Robinson__Robinson__Edward_G._Robinson (^United States film actor noted for playing gangster roles (1893-1973)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Maxmillien_Marie_Isidore_de_Robespierre__Robespierre (^French revolutionary; leader of the Jacobins and architect of the Reign of Terror; was himself executed in a coup d'etat (1758-1794)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Paul_Bustill_Robeson__Robeson__Paul_Robeson (^United States bass singer and an outspoken critic of racism and proponent of socialism (1898-1976)^)
   ^  #singer  #civil_rights_leader;


#Oral_Roberts__Roberts (^United States evangelist (born 1918)^)
   ^  #evangelist;


#Kenneth_Roberts__Roberts (^United States writer remembered for his historical novels about Colonial America (1885-1957)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Bartholomew_Roberts__Roberts (^a Welsh pirate credited with having taken more than 400 ships (1682-1722)^)
   ^  #pirate;


#Henry_Martin_Robert__Robert (^United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)^)
   ^  #parliamentarian;


#Jerome_Robbins__Robbins (^United States choreographer who brought human emotion to classical ballet and spirited reality to Broadway musicals (1918-1998)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Cesar_Ritz__Ritz (^Swiss hotelier who created a chain of elegant hotels (1850-1918)^)
   ^  #hotelier;


#David_Rittenhouse__Rittenhouse (^United States astronomer said to have built the first telescope made in America; also the first director of the United States Mint (1732-1796)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Charles_Ringling__Ringling (^United States showman whose song-and-dance troop evolved into a circus (1863-1926)^)
   ^  #showman;


#Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimsky-Korsakov__Rimski-Korsakov__Nikolai_Andreyevich_Rimski-Korsakov (^Russian composer of operas and orchestral works; often used themes from folk music (1844-1908)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Jean_Nicholas_Arthur_Rimbaud__Rimbaud__Arthur_Rimbaud (^French poet whose work influenced the surrealists (1854-1891)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Rainer_Maria_Rilke__Rilke (^German poet (born in Austria) whose imagery and mystic lyricism influenced 20-th century German literature (1875-1926)^)
   ^  #poet;


#James_Whitcomb_Riley__Riley (^United States poet (1849-1916)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Georg_Friedrich_Bernhard_Riemann__Riemann (^pioneer of non-Euclidean geometry (1826-1866)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Hyman_George_Rickover__Rickover__Hyman_Rickover (^United States admiral who advocated the development of nuclear submarines (1900-1986)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Edward_Vernon_Rickenbacker__Rickenbacker__Eddie_Rickenbacker (^the most decorated United States combat pilot in World War I (1890-1973)^)
   ^  #combat_pilot;


#Cardinal_Richelieu__Richelieu__Duc_de_Richelieu__Armand_Jean_du_Plessis (^French prelate and statesman; principal minister to Louis XIII (1585-1642)^)
   ^  #archpriest  #statesman;


#Sir_Ralph_David_Richardson__Richardson__Ralph_Richardson (^British stage and screen actor noted for playing classic roles (1902-1983)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Ivor_Armstrong_Richards__Richards__I._A._Richards (^English literary critic who collaborated with C. K. Ogden and contributed to the development of Basic English (1893-1979)^)
   ^  #literary_critic  #semanticist;


#Richard_III (^King of England from 1483 to 1485; seized the throne from his nephew Edward V who was confined to the Tower of London and murdered; his reign ended when he was defeated by Henry Tudor (later Henry VII) at the battle of Bosworth Field (1452-1485)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Richard_II (^King of England from 1377 to 1399; he suppressed the Peasant's Revolt in 1381 but his reign was marked by popular discontent and baronial opposition in Parliament and he was forced to abdicate in 1399 (1367-1400)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Richard_I__Richard_Coeur_de_Lion__Richard_the_Lion-Heart__Richard_the_Lion-Hearted (^son of Henry II and King of England from 1189 to 1199; a leader of the Third Crusade; on his way home from the crusade he was captured and held prisoner in the Holy Roman Empire until England ransomed him in 1194 (1157-1199)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Timothy_Miles_Bindon_Rice__Rice__Sir_Tim_Rice (^English lyricist who frequently worked with Andrew Lloyd Webber (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #lyricist;


#Elmer_Leopold_Rice__Rice__Elmer_Rice__Elmer_Reizenstein (^United States playwright (1892-1967)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#David_Ricardo__Ricardo (^English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market (1772-1823)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Cecil_John_Rhodes__Rhodes__Cecil_Rhodes__Cecil_J._Rhodes (^British colonial financier and statesman in South Africa; made a fortune in gold and diamond mining; helped colonize the territory now known as Zimbabwe; he endowed annual fellowships for Commonwealth and United States students to study at Oxford University (1853-1902)^)
   ^  #financier  #colonizer;


#Joseph_Banks_Rhine__Rhine__J._B._Rhine (^United States parapsychologist (1895-1980)^)
   ^  #parapsychologist;


#Sir_Joshua_Reynolds__Reynolds (^English portrait painter and first president of the Royal Academy (1723-1792)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Paul_Revere__Revere (^American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)^)
   ^  #silversmith  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Reuben.patriarch (^(Old Testament) a son of Jacob and forefather of one of the tribes of Israel^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Ottorino_Respighi__Respighi (^Italian composer remembered for his symphonic poems (1879-1936)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Pierre_Auguste_Renoir__Renoir (^French impressionist painter (1841-1919)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Rembrandt_Harmensz_van_Rijn__Rembrandt__Rembrandt_van_Rijn__Rembrandt_van_Ryn (^influential Dutch artist (1606-1669)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Hans_Conrad_Julius_Reiter__Reiter (^German bacteriologist who described a disease now known as Reiter's syndrome and who identified the spirochete that causes syphilis in humans (1881-1969)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Thomas_Reid__Reid (^Scottish philosopher of common sense who opposed the ideas of David Hume (1710-1796)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#William_Hubbs_Rehnquist__Rehnquist__William_Rehnquist (^American jurist who served as an associate justice on the United States Supreme Court from 1972 until 1986, when he was appointed chief justice (born in 1924)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#John_Reed__Reed (^United States journalist who reported on the October Revolution from Petrograd in 1917; founded the American Communist Labor Party in 1919; is buried in the Kremlin in Moscow (1887-1920)^)
   ^  #journalist  #communist;


#Walter_Reed__Reed (^American physician who proved that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes (1851-1902)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon;


#Charles_Robert_Redford__Redford__Robert_Redford (^United States actor and filmmaker who starred with Paul Newman in several films (born in 1936)^)
   ^  #histrion  #film_maker;


#Red_Cloud (^leader of the Oglala who resisted the development of a trail through Wyoming and Montana by the United States government (1822-1909)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Ogalala;


#Rebecca__Rebekah (^(Old Testament) wife of Isaac and mother of Jacob and Esau^)
   ^  #wife;


#Rene_Antoine_Ferchault_de_Reaumur__Reaumur (^French physicist who invented the alcohol thermometer (1683-1757)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Ronald_Wilson_Reagan__Reagan__Ronald_Reagan__President_Reagam (^40th President of the United States (1911- )^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Third_Baron_Rayleigh__Rayleigh__Lord_Rayleigh__John_William_Strutt (^English physicist who studied the density of gases and discovered argon; made important contributions to acoustic theory (1842-1919)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Sir_Terence_Mervyn_Rattigan__Rattigan__Terence_Rattigan (^British playwright (1911-1977)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Grigori_Efimovich_Rasputin__Rasputin (^Siberian peasant monk who was religious advisor in the court of Nicholas II; was assassinated by Russian noblemen who feared that his debauchery would weaken the monarchy (1872-1916)^)
   ^  #starets;


#Kund_Johan_Victor_Rasmussen__Rasmussen (^Danish ethnologist and arctic explorer; led expeditions into the Arctic to find support for his theory that Eskimos and North American Indians originally migrated from Asia (1879-1933)^)
   ^  #explorer  #ethnologist;


#Rasmus_Christian_Rask__Rask (^Danish philologist whose work on Old Norse pioneered in the field of comparative linguistics (1787-1832)^)
   ^  #philologist;


#Raffaello_Santi__Raphael__Raffaello_Sanzio (^Italian painter whose many paintings exemplify the ideals of the High Renaissance (1483-1520)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Jeannette_Rankin__Rankin (^leader in the women's suffrage movement in Montana; the first woman to serve in the United States House of Representatives (1880-1973)^)
   ^  #suffragist  #politico;


#Ayn_Rand__Rand (^United States writer (born in Russia) noted for her polemical novels and political conservativism (1905-1982)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Santiago_Ramon_y_Cajal__Ramon_y_Cajal (^Spanish histologist noted for his work on the structure of the nervous system (1852-1934)^)
   ^  #histologist;


#Rameses_II__Ramesses_II__Ramses_II__Rameses_the_Great__Ramesses_the_Great__Ramses_the_Great (^king of Egypt between 1304 and 1237 BC who built many monuments^)
   ^  #Rameses;


#Sir_Walter_Raleigh__Raleigh__Walter_Raleigh__Ralegh__Walter_Ralegh__Sir_Walter_Ralegh (^English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)^)
   ^  #courtier  #colonizer;


#Sir_Thomas_Stamford_Raffles__Raffles__Sir_Thomas_Raffles (^British colonial administrator who founded Singapore (1781-1826)^)
   ^  #administrator.top_dog;


#Jean_Baptiste_Racine__Racine__Jean_Racine (^French tragedian who based his works on Greek and Roman themes (1639-1699)^)
   ^  #tragedian;


#Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninoff__Sergei_Rachmaninoff__Rachmaninov__Sergei_Rachmaninov__Sergei_Vasilievich_Rachmaninov (^composer and piano virtuoso born in Russia (1873-1943)^)
   ^  #composer  #pianist;


#Rachel (^(Old Testament) the second wife of Jacob and mother of Joseph and Benjamin^)
   ^  #wife;


#Francois_Rabelais__Rabelais (^author of satirical attacks on medieval scholasticism (1494-1553)^)
   ^  #satirist;


#Willard_Van_Orman_Quine__Quine (^United States philosopher and logician (1908- )^)
   ^  #logician;


#Josiah_Quincy__Quincy (^American patriot who presented the colonists' grievances to the English king (1744-1775)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Pythagoras (^Greek philosopher and mathematician who proved the Pythagorean theorem; considered to be the first true mathematician (circa 580-500 BC)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #philosopher;


#Pyrrhus (^king of Epirus; defeated the Romans in two battles in spite of staggering losses (319-272 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Aleksandr_Sergeyevich_Pushkin__Pushkin__Alexander_Pushkin (^Russian poet (1799-1837)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Edward_Bouverie_Pusey__Pusey__Edward_Pusey (^English theologian who (with John Henry Newman and John Keble) founded the Oxford Movement (1800-1882)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Johannes_Evangelista_Purkinje__Purkinje__Jan_Evangelista_Purkinje (^Bohemian physiologist remembered for his discovery of Purkinje cells and the Purkinje network (1787-1869)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Joseph_Pulitzer__Pulitzer (^United States newspaper publisher (born in Hungary) who established the Pulitzer prizes (1847-1911)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#Giacomo_Puccini__Puccini (^Italian operatic composer noted for the dramatic realism of his operas (1858-1924)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Ptolemy__Claudius_Ptolemaeus (^Alexandrian astronomer who proposed a geocentric system of astronomy that was undisputed until Copernicus (2nd century AD)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Marcel_Proust__Proust (^French novelist (1871-1922)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Pierre_Joseph_Proudhon__Proudhon (^French socialist who argued that property is theft (1809-1865)^)
   ^  #socialist;


#Sergei_Sergeyevich_Prokofiev__Prokofiev (^Russian composer of ballets and symphonies and operas (1891-1953)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Joseph_Priestley__Priestley (^English chemist who isolated many gases and discovered oxygen (independently of Scheele) (1733-1804)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Mary_Leontyne_Price__Price__Leontyne_Price (^United States operatic soprano (born 1927)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Priam (^(Greek mythology) the last king of Troy; father of Hector and Paris and Cassandra^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Elvis_Aron_Presley__Presley__Elvis_Presley (^United States rock singer whose many hit records and flamboyant style greatly influenced American popular music (1935-1977)^)
   ^  #rock_star;


#Wahunsonacock__Powhatan (^Indian chief and founder of the Powhatan confederacy of tribes in Eastern Virginia; father of Pocahontas (1550?-1618)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Algonquian;


#Nicolas_Poussin__Poussin (^French painter in the classical style (1594-1665)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Ezra_Loomis_Pound__Pound__Ezra_Pound (^United States writer who lived in Europe; strongly influenced the development of modern literature (1885-1972)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #poet;


#Cole_Albert_Porter__Porter__Cole_Porter (^United States composer and lyricist of musical comedies (1891-1946)^)
   ^  #composer;


#William_Sydney_Porter__Porter__O._Henry (^American writer of short stories whose pen name was O. Henry (1862-1910)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Pontiac (^famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769)^)
   ^  #Shawnee.Algonquian;


#Pompey_the_Great__Pompey__Gnaeus_Pompeius_Magnus (^Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Pompadour__Marquise_de_Pompdour__Jeanne_Antoinette_Poisson (^French noblewoman who was the lover of Louis XV, whose policies she influenced (1721-1764)^)
   ^  #marquise;


#Marco_Polo__Polo (^Venetian traveler who explored Asia in the 13th century and served Kublai Khan (1254-1324)^)
   ^  #traveler;


#Jackson_Pollock__Pollock (^United States artist famous for painting with a drip technique; a leader of abstract expressionism in America (1912-1956)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Sydney_Pollack__Pollack (^United States filmmaker (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#James_Knox_Polk__Polk__James_Polk__James_K._Polk__President_Polk (^11th President of the United States; his expansionism led to the Mexican War and the annexation of California and much of the southwest (1795-1849)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Sidney_Poitier__Poitier (^United States film actor and director (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Pocahontas__Matoaka__Rebecca_Rolfe (^a Powhatan Indian woman (the daughter of Powhatan) who befriended the English at Jamestown and is said to have saved Captain John Smith's life (1595-1617)^)
   ^  #Powhatan.Algonquian;


#Plutarch (^the Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives (a collection of biographies of famous Greeks and Romans that Shakespeare used in writing his plays); (46?-120 AD)^)
   ^  #biographer;


#Titus_Maccius_Plautus__Plautus (^comic dramatist of ancient Rome (253?-184 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Max_Karl_Ernst_Ludwig_Planck__Planck__Max_Planck (^German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Francisco_Pizarro__Pizarro (^Spanish explorer who conquered the Inca Empire in Peru and founded Lima (1475-1541)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Pius_XII__Eugenio_Pacelli (^pope who maintained neutrality during World War II and was later criticized for not aiding the European Jews (1876-1958)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pius_XI__Achille_Ratti__Ambrogio_Damiano_Achille_Ratti (^pope who signed a treaty with Mussolini recognizing the Vatican City as an independent state (1857-1939)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pius_X__Giuseppe_Melchiorre_Sarto (^pope who condemned religious modernism (1835-1914)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pius_VII__Luigi_Barnaba_Gregorio_Chiaramonti (^pope who concluded a concordat with Napoleon and crowned him emperor of France (1740-1823)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pius_V__Antonio_Ghislieri (^pope who led the reformation of the Roman Catholic Church; he excommunicated Elizabeth I of England (1504-1572)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pius_II__Aeneas_Silvius__Enea_Silvio_Piccolomini (^pope remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to lead a crusade against the Turks (1405-1464)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Pitt_the_Younger__Pitt__William_Pitt__Second_Earl_of_Chatham (^English statesman and son of Pitt the Elder (1759-1806)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Pitt_the_Elder__Pitt__William_Pitt__First_Earl_of_Chatham (^English statesman who brought the Seven Years' War to an end (1708-1778)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Sir_Isaac_Pitman__Pitman (^English educator who invented a system of phonetic shorthand (1813-1897)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Pindar (^Greek lyric poet remembered for his odes (518?-438? BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Pablo_Picasso__Picasso (^prolific and influential Spanish artist who lived in France (1881-1973)^)
   ^  #painter  #sculptor;


#President_Pierce__Pierce__Franklin_Pierce (^14th President of the United States (1804-1869)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Mary_Pickford__Pickford__Gladys_Smith (^United States film actress (born in Canada) who starred in silent films (1893-1979)^)
   ^  #actress;


#George_Edward_Pickett__Pickett (^American confederate general known for leading a disastrous charge at Gettysburg (1825-1875)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Jean_Piaget__Piaget (^Swiss psychologist remembered for his studies of cognitive development in children (1896-1980)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Edith_Piaf__Piaf__Edith_Giovanna_Gassion__Little_Sparrow (^French cabaret singer (1915-1963)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Phintias__Pythias (^friend of Damon; Phintias (according to legend) was condemned to death by Dionysius the Elder and asked a respite to put his affairs in order; Damon pledged his life for the return of his friend; when Phintias returned in time the Tyrant released them both (4th century BC)^)
   ^  #friend;


#Philip_II.male_monarch (^king of Macedon (382-336 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Philip_II (^king of Spain and Portugal and husband of Mary I of England; he supported the Counter Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada to invade England (1527-1598)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Prince_Philip__Philip__Duke_of_Edinburgh (^husband of Elizabeth II of Great Britain (born 1921)^)
   ^  #prince;


#Petrarch__Petrarca__Francesco_Petrarca (^an Italian poet famous for love lyrics (1304-1374)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Peter_I__Peter_the_Great (^Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government and extended his territories in the Baltic and founded St. Petersburg (1682-1725)^)
   ^  #tsar;


#Saint_Peter_the_Apostle__Peter__Simon_Peter__Saint_Peter__St_Peter__St_Peter_the_Apostle (^disciple of Jesus and leader of the apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#John_Joseph_Pershing__Pershing__Black_Jack_Pershing (^United States general who commanded the American Expeditionary Force in Europe during World War I (1860-1948)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Ralph_Barton_Perry__Perry (^United States philosopher (1876-1957)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Matthew_Calbraith_Perry__Perry (^United States admiral who led a naval expedition to Japan and signed a treaty in 1854 opening up trade relations between United States and Japan; brother of Oliver Hazard Perry (1794-1858)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Oliver_Hazard_Perry__Perry__Commodore_Perry (^United States commodore who led the fleet that defeated the British on Lake Erie during the War of 1812; brother of Matthew Calbraith Perry (1785-1819)^)
   ^  #commodore;


#Juan_Domingo_Peron__Peron (^Argentine soldier who became president of Argentina (1895-1974)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Pericles (^Athenian statesman whose leadership contributed to Athen's political and cultural supremacy in Greece; he ordered the construction of the Parthenon (died in 429 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Sir_Henry_Percy__Percy__Hotspur__Harry_Hotspur (^English soldier killed in a rebellion against Henry IV (1364-1403)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#William_Penn__Penn (^English Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania (1644-1718)^)
   ^  #Friend;


#Benjamin_Peirce__Peirce (^United States mathematician and astronomer remembered for his studies of Uranus and Saturn and Neptune (1809-1880)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Charles_Franklin_Peirce__Peirce__Charles_Peirce (^American philosopher and logician; pioneer of pragmatism (1839-1914)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #logician;


#Ieoh_Ming_Pei__Pei__I._M._Pei (^United States architect (born in China in 1917)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Sir_Robert_Peel__Peel__Robert_Peel (^British politician (1788-1850)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Robert_Edwin_Peary__Peary__Robert_Peary__Robert_E._Peary (^Arctic explorer and United States naval officer who has been regarded as the first man to reach the North Pole (1856-1920)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Elizabeth_Palmer_Peabody__Peabody__Elizabeth_Peabody (^educator who founded the first kindergarten in the United States (1804-1894)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Anna_Pavlova__Pavlova (^Russian ballerina (1882-1931)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Ivan_Petrovich_Pavlov__Pavlov__Ivan_Pavlov (^Russian physiologist who observed conditioned salivary responses in dogs (1849-1936)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Luciano_Pavarotti__Pavarotti (^Italian tenor (born in 1935)^)
   ^  #tenor;


#Linus_Carl_Pauling__Pauling__Linus_Pauling (^United States chemist who studied the nature of chemical bonding (1901-1994)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Wolfgang_Pauli__Pauli (^United States physicist (born in Austria) who proposed the exclusion principle (thus providing a theoretical basis for the periodic table) (1900-1958)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Alice_Paul__Paul (^United States feminist (1885-1977)^)
   ^  #feminist;


#Paul_the_Apostle__Paul__Saint_Paul__St_Paul__Apostle_Paul__Apostle_of_the_Gentiles__Saul__Saul_of_Tarsus (^(New Testament) a Christian missionary to the Gentiles; author of several Epistles in the New Testament; even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an apostle; "Paul's name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity"^)
   ^  #Apostle.Christian  #missioner;


#Saint_Patrick__Patrick__St_Patrick (^Apostle and patron saint of Ireland; an English missionary to Ireland in the 5th century^)
   ^  #Apostle.Christian;


#Alan_Stewart_Paton__Paton__Alan_Paton (^South African writer (1903-1988)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Patterson__Paterson (^American Revolutionary leader (born in Ireland) who was a member of the Constitutional Convention (1745-1806)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Louis_Pasteur__Pasteur (^French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)^)
   ^  #chemist  #biologist;


#Boris_Leonidovich_Pasternak__Pasternak__Boris_Pasternak (^Russian writer whose best known novel was banned by Soviet authorities but translated and published abroad (1890-1960)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Blaise_Pascal__Pascal (^French mathematician and philosopher; invented an adding machine; contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability (1623-1662)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #philosopher;


#Parsons__Talcott_Prsons (^United States sociologist (1902-1979)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Maxfield_Frederick_Parrish__Parrish__Maxfield_Parrish (^United States painter (1870-1966)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Catherine_Parr__Parr (^Queen of England as the 6th wife of Henry VIII (1512-1548)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Charles_Stewart_Parnell__Parnell (^Irish nationalist leader (1846-1891)^)
   ^  #nationalist_leader;


#Rosa_Parks__Parks (^United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery (Alabama) and so triggered the national civil rights movement (born in 1913)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#James_Parkinson__Parkinson (^English surgeon (1755-1824)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon;


#Cyril_Northcote_Parkinson__Parkinson__C._Northcote_Parkinson (^British historian noted for ridicule of bureaucracies (1909-1993)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Charles_Christopher_Parker__Parker__Charlie_Parker__Yardbird_Parker__Bird_Parker (^United States saxophonist and leader of the bop style of jazz (1920-1955)^)
   ^  #saxophonist;


#Dorothy_Rothschild_Parker__Parker__Dorothy_Parker (^United States writer noted for her sharp wit (1893-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Mungo_Park__Park (^Scottish explorer in Africa (1771-1806)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Vilfredo_Pareto__Pareto (^Italian sociologist and economist whose theories influenced the development of fascism in Italy (1848-1923)^)
   ^  #sociologist  #economist;


#Philippus_Aureolus_Paracelsus__Paracelsus__Theophrastus_Philippus_Aureolus_Bombastus_von_Hohenheim (^Swiss physician who introduced treatments of particular illnesses based on his observation and experience; he saw illness as having an external cause (rather than an imbalance of humors) and replaced traditional remedies with chemical remedies (1493-1541)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Erwin_Panofsky__Panofsky (^art historian (1892-1968)^)
   ^  #art_historian;


#Panini (^Indian grammarian whose grammatical rules for Sanskrit are the first known example of descriptive linguistics (circa 400 BC)^)
   ^  #grammarian;


#Arnold_Daniel_Palmer__Palmer__Arnold_Palmer (^United States golfer (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#Andrea_Palladio__Palladio (^Italian architect (1508-1580)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Francis_Turner_Palgrave__Palgrave (^English poet (1824-1897)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina__Palestrina (^Italian composer (1526-1594)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Robert_Treat_Paine__Paine (^American Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1731-1814)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Thomas_Paine__Paine__Tom_Paine (^American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #pamphleteer;


#Leroy_Robert_Paige__Paige__Satchel_Paige (^United States baseball player; a Black pitcher noted for his longevity (1906-1982)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi__Pahlavi__Pahlevi__Mohammed_Reza_Pahlevi (^Shah of Iran who was deposed in 1979 by Islamic fundamentalists (1919-1980)^)
   ^  #shah;


#Sir_James_Paget__Paget (^English pathologist who discovered the cause of trichinosis (1814-1899)^)
   ^  #diagnostician;


#Sri_Frederick_Handley_Page__Page (^English industrialist who pioneered in the design and manufacture of aircraft (1885-1962)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Thomas_Nelson_Page__Page (^United States diplomat and writer about the Old South (1853-1922)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #diplomatist;


#Niccolo_Paganini__Paganini (^Italian violinist (1782-1840)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Ignace_Jan_Paderewski__Paderewski (^Polish pianist who in 1919 served as the first Prime Minister of independent Poland (1860-1941)^)
   ^  #pianist  #statesman;


#Seiji_Ozawa__Ozawa (^United States conductor (born in Japan in 1935)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#James_Cleveland_Owens__Owens__Jesse_Owens (^Black United States athlete whose success in the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin outraged Hitler (1913-1980)^)
   ^  #athlete;


#Robert_Owen__Owen (^Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #reformist;


#Sir_Richard_Owen__Owen (^English comparative anatomist and paleontologist who was an opponent of Darwinism (1804-1892)^)
   ^  #paleontologist  #comparative_anatomist;


#Ovid__Publius_Ovidius_Naso (^Roman poet remembered for his elegiac verses on love (43 BC - AD 17)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great (^King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)^)
   ^  #male_monarch  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Peter_Seamus_O'Toole__O'Toole__Peter_O'Toole (^British actor (born in Ireland in 1932)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Elisha_Graves_Otis__Otis (^United States inventor who manufactured the first elevator with a safety device (1811-1861)^)
   ^  #inventor  #industrialist;


#Lee_Harvey_Oswald__Oswald (^United States assassin of President John F. Kennedy (1939-1963)^)
   ^  #assassin;


#Wilhelm_Ostwald__Ostwald (^German chemist (1853-1932)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#John_James_Osborne__Osborne__John_Osborne (^English playwright (1929-1994)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#George_Orwell__Orwell__Eric_Arthur_Blair (^imaginative British writer concerned with social justice (1903-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jose_Ortega_y_Gasset__Ortega_y_Gasset (^Spanish philosopher who advocated leadership by an intellectual elite (1883-1955)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Daniel_Ortega_Saavedra__Ortega__Daniel_Ortega (^Nicaraguan statesman (born in 1945)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Robert_Orr__Orr__Bobby_Orr (^Canadian hockey player (born 1948)^)
   ^  #ice-hockey_player;


#Jose_Clemente_Orozco__Orozco__Jose_Orozco (^Mexican painter noted for his monumental murals (1883-1949)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Eugene_Ormandy__Ormandy (^United States conductor (born in Hungary) (1899-1985)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Carl_Orff__Orff (^German musician who developed a system for teaching music to children (1895-1982)^)
   ^  #musician  #educator;


#Baroness_Emmusca_Orczy__Orczy (^British writer (born in Hungary) (1865-1947)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Roy_Orbison__Orbison (^United States composer and rockabilly tenor popular in the 1950s (1936-1988)^)
   ^  #singer  #composer;


#Robert_Oppenheimer__Oppenheimer (^American physicist who directed the project at Los Alamos that developed the first atomic bomb (1904-1967)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Wilhelm_von_Opel__Opel (^German industrialist who was the first in Germany to use an assembly line in manufacturing automobiles (1871-1948)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Jan_Hendrix_Oort__Oort (^Dutch astronomer who proved that the galaxy is rotating and proposed the existence of the Oort cloud (1900-1992)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Lars_Onsager__Onsager (^United States chemist (born in Norway) noted for his work in thermodynamics (1903-1976)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Yoko_Ono__Ono (^United States musician (born in Japan) who married John Lennon and collaborated with him on recordings (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #musician;


#Eugene_Gladstone_O'Neill__O'Neill__Eugene_O'Neill (^United States playwright (1888-1953)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Philip_Michael_Ondaatje__Ondaatje__Michael_Ondaatje (^Canadian writer (born in Sri Lanka in 1943)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Omar_Khayyam (^Persian poet and mathematician and astronomer whose poetry was popularized by Edward Fitzgerald's translation (1050-1123)^)
   ^  #poet  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Frederick_Law_Olmsted__Olmsted (^American landscape architect primarily responsible for the design of Central Park in New York City (1822-1903)^)
   ^  #landscape_architect;


#Sir_Laurence_Kerr_Olivier__Olivier__Laurence_Olivier__Baron_Olivier_of_Birghton (^English actor best know for his Shakespearean roles (1907-1989)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#King_Oliver__Oliver__Joseph_Oliveer (^United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Berna_Eli_Oldfield__Oldfield__Barney_Oldfield (^United States race driver who was the first to drive faster than a mile a minute (1878-1946)^)
   ^  #race_driver;


#Olaf_II__Olav_II__Saint_Olaf__Saint_Olav__St_Olaf__St_Olav (^King and patron saint of Norway (995-1030)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Lorenz_Oken__Oken__Okenfuss__Lorenz_Okenfuss (^German naturalist whose speculations that plants and animals are made up of tiny living `infusoria' led to the cell theory (1779-1851)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#O'Keeffe__Georgia_Okeeffe (^United States painter (1887-1986)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Georg_Simon_Ohm__Ohm (^German physicist who formulated Ohm's Law (1787-1854)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#John_Henry_O'Hara__O'Hara (^United States writer (1905-1970)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Charles_Kay_Ogden__Ogden__C._K._Ogden (^English psychologist who collaborated with I. A. Richards in designing Basic English (1889-1957)^)
   ^  #psychologist  #semanticist;


#Liam_O'Flaherty__O'Flaherty (^Irish writer of short stories (1896-1984)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jacques_Offenbach__Offenbach (^French composer of operettas and an opera (1819-1880)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Hans_Christian_Oersted__Oersted (^Danish physicist (1777-1851)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Odoacer__Odovacar__Odovakar (^Germanic barbarian leader who ended the western Roman Empire in 476 and became the first barbarian ruler of Italy (434-493)^)
   ^  #savage;


#Clifford_Odets__Odets (^United States playwright (1906-1963)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Mary_Flannery_O'Connor__O'Connor__Flannery_O'Connor (^United States writer (1925-1964)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Adolph_Simon_Ochs__Ochs (^United States newspaper publisher (1858-1935)^)
   ^  #publisher;


#Severo_Ochoa__Ochoa (^United States biochemist (born in Spain) who studied the biological synthesis of nucleic acids (born in 1905)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#William_of_Occam__Occam__Ockham__William_of_Ockham (^English scholastic philosopher and assumed author of Occam's Razor (1285-1349)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Sean_O'Casey__O'Casey (^Irish playwright (1880-1964)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Edna_O'Brien__O'Brien (^Irish writer (born in 1932)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Titus_Oates__Oates (^English conspirator who claimed that there was a Jesuit plot to assassinate Charles II (1649-1705)^)
   ^  #conspirator;


#Joyce_Carol_Oates__Oates (^United States writer (born in 1938)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Rudolf_Nureyev__Nureyev (^Russian dancer who was often the partner of Dame Margot Fonteyn and who defected to the United States in 1961 (born in 1938)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#First_Viscount_Nuffield__Nuffield__William_Richard_Morris (^British industrialist who manufactured automobiles and created a philanthropic foundation (1877-1963)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #philanthropist;


#Alfred_Noyes__Noyes (^English poet (1880-1958)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Nostradamus__Michel_de_Notredame (^French astrologer who wrote cryptic predictions whose interpretations are still being debated (1503-1566)^)
   ^  #astrologer;


#John_Howard_Northrop__Northrop (^United States biochemist (1891-1987)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Frederick_North__North__Second_Earl_of_Guilford (^British statesman under George III whose policies led to rebellion in the American colonies (1732-1792)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish__Norrish (^English chemist (1897-1978)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Benjamin_Franklin_Norris_Jr.__Norris__Frank_Norris (^United States writer (1870-1902)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jessye_Norman__Norman (^United States operatic soprano (born in 1945)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Gregory_John_Norman__Norman__Greg_Norman (^Australian golfer (born in 1955)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#Isamu_Noguchi__Noguchi (^United States sculptor (born in 1904)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Hideyo_Noguchi__Noguchi (^United State bacteriologist (born in Japan) who discovered the cause of yellow fever and syphilis (1876-1928)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Emmy_Noether__Noether (^German mathematician (1882-1935)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel__Nobel__Alfred_Nobel (^Swedish chemist remembered for his invention of dynamite and for the bequest that created the Nobel prizes (1833-1896)^)
   ^  #chemist  #philanthropist;


#Noah (^the Hebrew patriarch who saved himself and his family and the animals by building an ark in which they survived 40 days and 40 nights of rain; the story of Noah and the flood is told in the Book of Genesis^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Richard_Milhous_Nixon__Nixon__Richard_Nixon__Richard_M._Nixon__President_Nixon (^Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States; resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974 (1913-1994)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Chester_William_Nimitz__Nimitz__Chester_Nimitz (^United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Marta_Brigit_Nilsson__Nilsson__Brigit_Nilsson (^Swedish operatic soprano who played Wagnerian roles (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#Vaslav_Nijinsky__Nijinsky__Waslaw_Nijinsky (^Russian dancer considered by many to be the greatest dancer of the 20th century (1890-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Florence_Nightingale__Nightingale__the_Lady_with_the_Lamp (^English nurse remembered for her work during the Crimean War (1820-1910)^)
   ^  #nurse;


#Friedrich_Wilhelm_Nietzsche__Nietzsche (^influential German philosopher remembered for his concept of the superman and for his rejection of Christian values (1844-1900)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Carl_August_Nielson__Nielson (^Danish composer (1865-1931)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Reinhold_Niebuhr__Niebuhr (^United States Protestant theologian (1892-1971)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Barthold_George_Niebuhr__Niebuhr (^German historian noted for his critical approach to sources and for his history of Rome (1776-1831)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Sir_Harold_George_Nicolson__Nicolson__Harold_Nicolson (^English diplomat and author (1886-1968)^)
   ^  #diplomatist  #professional_writer;


#Jack_William_Nicklaus__Nicklaus__Jack_Nicklaus (^United States golfer considered by many to be the greatest golfer of all time (born in 1940)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#Nicholas_II (^the last czar of Russia who was forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Russian Revolution; he and his family were executed by the Bolsheviks (1868-1918)^)
   ^  #tsar;


#Nicholas_I (^Czar of Russia from 1825 to 1855 who led Russia into the Crimean War (1796-1855)^)
   ^  #tsar;


#Saint_Nicholas__Nicholas__St_Nicholas (^a bishop in Asia Minor who is associated with Santa Claus (4th century)^)
   ^  #saint;


#Michel_Ney__Ney__Duc_d'Elchingen (^French marshal in the Napoleonic Wars (1769-1815)^)
   ^  #full_general  #marshall;


#Sir_Isaac_Newton__Newton__Isaac_Newton (^English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #physicist;


#Paul_Newman__Newman (^United States film actor (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#John_Henry_Newman__Newman__Cardinal_Newman (^English prelate and theologian who (with John Keble and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford Movement; Newman later turned to Roman Catholicism and became a cardinal (1801-1890)^)
   ^  #archpriest  #theologian;


#Simon_Newcomb__Newcomb (^United States astronomer (1835-1909)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Louise_Nevelson__Nevelson (^United States sculptor (born in Russia) of massive shapes (1899-1988)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Nestor (^(Greek mythology) a wise old counselor to the Greeks at Troy^)
   ^  #counselor;


#Marcus_Cocceius_Nerva__Nerva (^Emperor of Rome who introduced a degree of freedom after the repressive reign of Domitian; adopted Trajan as his successor (30-98)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Pier_Luigi_Nervi__Nervi (^Italian architect who pioneered in the use of reinforced concrete (1891-1979)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Nero_Claudius_Caesar_Drusus_Germanicus__Nero__Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus (^Roman Emperor notorious for his monstrous vice and fantastic luxury (was said to have started a fire that destroyed much of Rome in 64) but the Empire remained prosperous during his rule (37-68)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Walther_Hermann_Nernst__Nernst (^German physicist and chemist who formulated the third law of thermodynamics (1864-1941)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Viscount_Nelson__Nelson__Horatio_Nelson (^English admiral who defeated the French fleets of Napoleon but was mortally wounded at Trafalgar (1758-1805)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Jawaharlal_Nehru__Nehru (^Indian statesman and leader with Gandhi in the struggle for home rule; was the first Prime Minister of the Republic of India from 1947 to 1964 (1889-1964)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Nefertiti (^Queen of Egypt and wife of Akhenaton (14th century BC)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Louis_Eugene_Felix_Neel__Neel (^French physicist noted for research on magnetism (born in 1904)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Nimrod (^(Old Testament) a famous hunter^)
   ^  #huntsman;


#Nebuchadnezzar_II__Nebuchadnezzar__Nebuchadrezzar__Nebuchadrezzar_II (^(Old Testament) king of Babylonia who captured and destroyed Jerusalem and exiled the Israelites to Babylonia (630?-562 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Alla_Nazimova__Nazimova (^United States actress (born in Russia) (1879-1945)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Martina_Navratilova__Navratilova (^United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won nine Wimbledon women's singles championships (born in 1856)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Giulio_Natta__Natta (^Italian chemist noted for work on polymers (1903-1979)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Carry_Amelia_Moore_Nation__Nation__Carry_Nation (^United States prohibitionist who raided saloons and destroyed bottles of liquor with a hatchet (1846-1911)^)
   ^  #dry;


#Thomas_Nast__Nast (^American political cartoonist (1840-1902)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Gamal_Abdel_Nasser__Nasser (^Egyptian statesman who nationalized the Suez Canal (1918-1870)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ogden_Nash__Nash (^United States writer noted for his droll epigrams (1902-1971)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Napoleon_III__Charles_Louis_Napoleon_Bonaparte (^nephew of Napoleon I and Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1871 (1808-1873)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Napoleon_Bonaparte__Napoleon__Napoleon_I__Bonaparte__the_Little_Corporal (^French general who became Emperor of the French (1769-1821)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Emperor;


#John_Napier__Napier (^Scottish mathematician who invented logarithms; introduced the use of the decimal point in writing numbers (1550-1617)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Naomi__Noemi (^the mother-in-law of Ruth whose story is told in the Book of Ruth in the Old Testament^)
   ^  #mother-in-law;


#Fridtjof_Nansen__Nansen (^Norwegian explorer of the Arctic and director of the League of Nations relief program for refugees of World War I (1861-1930)^)
   ^  #explorer  #statesman;


#Nanak (^Indian religious leader who founded Sikhism (1469-1538)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#James_Naismith__Naismith (^American educator (born in Canada) who invented the game of basketball (1861-1939)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Vladimir_vladimirovich_Nabokov__Nabokov__Vladimir_Nabokov (^United States writer (born in Russia) (1899-1977)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Karl_Gunnar_Myrdal__Myrdal__Gunnar_Myrdal (^Swedish economist (1898-1987)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Eadweard_Muybridge__Muybridge__Edward_James_Muggeridge (^United States motion-picture pioneer remembered for his pictures of running horses taken with a series of still cameras (1830-1904)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Modest_Petrovich_Mussorgsky__Mussorgsky__Moussorgsky__Modest_Mussorgsky__Modest_Moussorgsky__Modest_Petrovich_Moussorgsky (^Russian composer (1839-1881)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Benito_Mussolini__Mussolini__Il_Duce (^Italian Fascist dictator (1883-1945)^)
   ^  #dictator;


#Louis_Charles_Alfred_de_Musset__Musset__Alfred_de_Musset (^French poet and writer (1810-1857)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #poet;


#Stanley_Frank_Musial__Musial__Stan_Musial__Stan_the_Man (^United States baseball player (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Edward_Roscoe_Murrow__Murrow__Edward_R._Murrow (^United States broadcast journalist remembered for his reports from London during World War II (1908-1965)^)
   ^  #broadcast_journalist;


#Bartolome_Esteban_Murillo__Murillo (^Spanish painter (1617-1682)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gilbert_Murray__Murray__George_Gilbert_Aime_Murphy (^British classical scholar (born in Australia) who advocated the League of Nations and the United Nations (1866-1957)^)
   ^  #classical_scholar;


#Sir_James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Murray__James_Murray__James_Augustus_Murray__James_Augustus_Henry_Murray__Sir_James_Murray__Sir_James_Augustus_Murray (^Scottish philologist and first lexicographer of the Oxford English Dictionary (1837-1915)^)
   ^  #philologist  #lexicographer;


#Keith_Rupert_Murdoch__Murdoch__Rupert_Murdoch (^United States publisher (born in Australia in 1931)^)
   ^  #publisher;


#Dame_Jean_Iris_Murdoch__Murdoch__Iris_Murdoch (^British writer (born in Ireland) known primarily for her novels (1919-1999)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Hector_Hugh_Munro__Munro__H._H._Munro__Saki (^British writer of short stories (1870-1916)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Karl_Friedrich_Hieronymus_von_Munchhausen__Munchhausen__Munchausen__Baron_Munchausen (^German raconteur who told preposterous stories about his adventures as a soldier and hunter; his name is now associated with any telling of exaggerated stories or winning lies (1720-1797)^)
   ^  #anecdotist;


#Edvard_Munch__Munch (^Norwegian painter (1863-1944)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Paul_Hermann_Muller__Muller (^Swiss chemist who synthesized DDT and discovered its use as an insecticide (1899-1965)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Karl_Alex_Muller__Muller (^Swiss physicist who studied superconductivity (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Johannes_Peter_Muller__Muller (^German physiologist and anatomist (1801-1858)^)
   ^  #physiologist  #anatomist;


#Johann_Muller__Muller__Regiomontanus (^German mathematician and astronomer (1436-1476)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Friedrich_Max_Muller__Muller__Max_Muller (^British philologist (born in Germany) who specialized in Sanskrit (1823-1900)^)
   ^  #philologist;


#Hermann_Joseph_Muller__Muller (^United States geneticist who studied the effects of X-rays on genes (1890-1967)^)
   ^  #geneticist;


#John_Muir__Muir (^United States naturalist (born in England) who advocated the creation of national parks (1838-1914)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Elijah_Muhammad__Muhammad (^leader of Black Muslims who campaigned for independence for Black Americans (1897-1975)^)
   ^  #Black_Muslim;


#Hosni_Mubarak__Mubarak (^Egyptian statesman who became president in 1981 after Sadat was assassinated (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart__Mozart (^prolific Austrian composer and child prodigy (1756-1791)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Lucretia_Coffin_Mott__Mott (^United States feminist and suffragist (1793-1880)^)
   ^  #suffragist  #feminist;


#Robert_Motherwell__Motherwell (^United States abstract expressionist painter (1915-1991)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Rudolf_Ludwig_Mossbauer__Mossbauer (^German physicist (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Anne_Mary_Robertson_Moses__Moses__Grandma_Moses (^United States painter of colorful and primitive rural scenes (1860-1961)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Moses (^(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Mosander__Carl_Gustaf_Mossander (^Swedish chemist who discovered rare earth elements (1797-1858)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Ferdinand_Joseph_La_Menthe_Morton__Morton__Jelly_Roll_Morton (^United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Roger_de_Mortimer__Mortimer (^English nobleman who deposed Edward II and was executed by Edward III (1287-1330)^)
   ^  #Lord;


#Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse__Morse__Samuel_Morse__Samuel_F._B._Morse (^United States portrait painter who patented the telegraph and developed the Morse code (1791-1872)^)
   ^  #inventor  #painter;


#James_Douglas_Morrison__Morrison__Jim_Morrison (^United States rock singer (1943-1971)^)
   ^  #rock_star;


#Toni_Morrison__Morrison (^United States writer (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Esther_Hobart_McQuigg_Slack_Morris__Morris__Esther_Morris (^United States suffragist in Wyoming (1814-1902)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#William_Morris__Morris (^English poet and craftsman (1834-1896)^)
   ^  #poet  #artisan;


#Robert_Morris__Morris (^American Revolutionary leader who signed the Declaration of Independence and raised money for the Continental Army (1734-1806)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #financier;


#Gouverneur_Morris__Morris (^United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Mormon (^the ancient prophet whose writings were revealed to Joseph Smith who founded the Mormon Church^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Edward_Williams_Morley__Morley__E._W._Morley__Edward_Morley (^United States chemist and physicist who collaborated with Michelson in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1838-1923)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Lewis_Henry_Morgan__Morgan (^United States anthropologist who studied the Seneca (1818-1881)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Thomas_Hunt_Morgan__Morgan (^American biologist who formulated the chromosome theory of heredity (1866-1945)^)
   ^  #biologist;


#Sir_Henry_Morgan__Morgan__Henry_Morgan (^a Welsh buccaneer who raided Spanish colonies in the West Indies for the English (1635-1688)^)
   ^  #pirate;


#Daniel_Morgan__Morgan (^soldier in the American Revolutionary War who defeated the British in the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina (1736-1802)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#John_Pierpont_Morgan__Morgan__J._P._Morgan (^American financier and philanthropist (1837-1913)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Sir_Thomas_More__More__Thomas_More (^English statesman who opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon and was imprisoned and beheaded; recalled for his concept of Utopia, the ideal state^)
   ^  #statesman  #professional_writer;


#Dudley_Stuart_John_Moore__Moore__Dudley_Moore (^English actor and comedian who appeared on television and in films (born in 1935)^)
   ^  #histrion  #comic;


#George_Edward_Moore__Moore__G._E._Moore (^English philosopher (1873-1958)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Thomas_Moore__Moore (^Irish poet who wrote nostalgic and patriotic verse (1779-1852)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Marianne_Craig_Moore__Moore__Marianne_Moore (^United States poet noted for irony and wit (1887-1872)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Henry_Spencer_Moore__Moore__Henry_Moore (^British sculptor whose works are monumental organic forms (1898-1986)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Helen_Wills_Moody__Moody__Helen_Wills__Helen_Newington_Wills (^United States tennis player who dominated women's tennis in the 1920s and 1930s (born in 1906)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Dwight_Lyman_Moody__Moody (^United States evangelist (1837-1899)^)
   ^  #evangelist;


#Lucy_Maud_Montgomery__Montgomery__L._M._Montgomery (^Canadian writer (1874-1942)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#1st_Viscount_Montgomery_of_Alamein__Montgomery__Bernard_Law_Montgomery__Sir_Bernard_Law_Montgomery (^English general during World War II; won victories over Rommel in North Africa and led British ground forces in the invasion of Normandy (1887-1976)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Jacques_Etienne_Montgolfier__Montgolfier (^French inventor who (with his brother Josef Michel Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1745-1799)^)
   ^  #balloonist;


#Josef_Michel_Montgolfier__Montgolfier (^French inventor who (with his brother Jacques Etienne Montgolfier) pioneered hot-air ballooning (1740-1810)^)
   ^  #balloonist;


#Simon_de_Montfort__Montfort__Earl_of_Leicester (^an English nobleman who led the baronial rebellion against Henry III (1208-1265)^)
   ^  #Earl;


#Montezuma_II (^the last Aztec emperor in Mexico who was overthrown and killed by Hernando Cortes (1466-1520)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Lola_Montez__Montez__Marie_Dolores_Eliza_Rosanna_Gilbert (^Irish dancer (1818-1861)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Claudio_Monteverdi__Monteverdi (^Italian composer (1567-1643)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Montessori__Maria_Montesorri (^Italian educator who developed a method of teaching mentally handicapped children and advocated a child-centered approach (1870-1952)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Baron_de_la_Brede_et_de_Montesquieu__Montesquieu__Charles_Louis_de_Secondat (^French political philosopher who advocated the separation of executive and legislative and judicial powers (1689-1755)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Marquise_de_Montespan__Montespan__Francoise-Athenais_de_Rochechouart (^French noblewoman who was mistress to Louis XIV until he became attracted to Madame de Maintenon (1641-1707)^)
   ^  #marquise;


#Michel_Eyquem_Montaigne__Montaigne__Michel_Montaigne (^French writer regarded as the originator of the modern essay (1533-1592)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ashley_Montagu__Montagu (^United States anthropologist (born in England) who popularized anthropology (1905- )^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Marilyn_Monroe__Monroe__Norma_Jean_Baker (^United States film actress noted for sex appeal (1926-1962)^)
   ^  #actress;


#President_Monroe__Monroe__James_Monroe (^5th President of the United States; author of the "Monroe Doctrine" (1758-1831)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Jacques_Lucien_Monod__Monod__Jacques_Monod (^French biochemist who (with Francois Jacob) explained how genes are activated and suggested the existence of messenger RNA (1910-1976)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Jean_Monnet__Monnet (^French economist who advocated a Common Market in Europe (1888-1979)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Thelonious_Sphere_Monk__Monk__Thelonious_Monk (^United States jazz pianist who was one of the founders of the bebop style (1917-1982)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Claude_Monet__Monet (^French impressionist painter (1840-1926)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Piet_Mondrian__Mondrian (^Dutch painter whose work (intersecting lines at right angles and planes in primary colors) influenced the development of abstract art (1872-1944)^)
   ^  #abstractionist;


#Theodor_Mommsen__Mommsen (^German historian noted for his history of Rome (1817-1903)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Vyacheslav_Mikhailovich_Molotov__Molotov (^Soviet statesman (1890-1986)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ferenc_Molnar__Molnar (^Hungarian playwright (1878-1952)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Moliere__Jean-Baptiste_Poquelin (^French author of sophisticated comedies (1622-1673)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Mohammed_Ali__Mehemet_Ali__Muhammad_Ali (^Albanian soldier in the service of Turkey who was made viceroy of Egypt and took control away from the Ottoman Empire and established Egypt as a modern state (1769-1849)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Mohammed__Muhammad__Mahomet__Mahound (^the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Modigliani__Amedeo_Modigliano (^Italian painter and sculptor (1884-1920)^)
   ^  #painter  #sculptor;


#August_Ferdinand_Mobius__Mobius__August_F._Mobius (^German mathematician responsible for the Mobius strip (1790-1868)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Francois_Maurice_Marie_Mitterand__Mitterand__Francois_Mitterand (^French statesman and President of France from 1981 to 1985 (1916-1996)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Mithridates_the_Great__Mithridates__Mithridates_VI (^ancient king of Pontus who expanded his kingdom by defeating the Romans but was later driven out by Pompey (132-63 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Jessica_Lucy_Mitford__Mitford__Jessica_Mitford (^United States writer (born in England) who wrote on American culture (1917-1996)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Nancy_Freeman_Mitford__Mitford__Nancy_Mitford (^English writer of comic novels (1904-1973)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Mitchum__Mitchum (^United States film actor (1917-1997)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Reginald_Joseph_Mitchell__Mitchell__R._J._Mitchell (^English aeronautical engineer (1895-1937)^)
   ^  #aeronautical_engineer;


#William_Mitchell__Mitchell__Billy_Mitchell (^United States aviator and general who was an early advocate of military air power (1879-1936)^)
   ^  #aviator  #full_general;


#Maria_Mitchell__Mitchell (^United States astronomer who studied sunspots and nebulae (1818-1889)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Margaret_Munnerlyn_Mitchell__Mitchell__Margaret_Mitchell (^United States writer noted for her novel about the South during the Civil War (1900-1949)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Mitchell__Mitchell (^United States labor leader; president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1898 to 1908 (1870-1919)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Arthur_Mitchell__Mitchell (^United States dancer who formed the first Black classical ballet company (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Joan_Miro__Miro (^Spanish surrealist painter (1893-1983)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Comte_de_Mirabeau__Mirabeau__Honore-Gabriel_Victor_Riqueti (^French revolutionary who was prominent in the early days of the French Revolution (1749-1791)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Peter_Minuit__Minuit__Minnewit__Peter_Minnewit (^Dutch colonist who bought Manhattan from the Native Americans for the equivalent of $24 (1580-1638)^)
   ^  #colonist;


#Hermann_Minkowski__Minkowski (^German mathematician (born in Russia) who suggested the concept of four-dimensional space-time (1864-1909)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#John_Milton__Milton (^English poet; remembered primarily as the author of an epic poem describing humanity's fall from grace (1608-1674)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Miltiades (^Athenian general who defeated the Persians at Marathon (540-489)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Alan_Alexander_Milne__Milne__A._A._Milne (^English writer of stories for children (1882-1956)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Andrews_Millikan__Millikan (^United States physicist who isolated the electron and measured its charge (1868-1953)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Jean_Francois_Millet__Millet (^French painter of rural scenes (1814-1875)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Alton_Glenn_Miller__Miller__Glenn_Miller (^United States bandleader of a popular big band (1909-1944)^)
   ^  #bandleader;


#Henry_Valentine_Miller__Miller__Henry_Miller (^United States novelist (1891-1980)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Arthur_Miller__Miller (^United States playwright (born 1915)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Edna_Saint_Vincent_Millay__Millay__Edna_Millay (^United States poet (1892-1950)^)
   ^  #poetess;


#Sir_John_Everett_Millais__Millais (^English Pre-Raphaelite painter (1829-1896)^)
   ^  #Pre-Raphaelite;


#James_Mill__Mill (^Scottish philosopher who expounded Bentham's utilitarianism; father of John Stuart Mill (1773-1836)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#John_Stuart_Mill__Mill__John_Mill (^English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #economist;


#Darius_Milhaud__Milhaud (^French composer (1892-1974)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Ludwig_Mies_Van_Der_Rohe__Mies_Van_Der_Rohe (^United States architect (born in Germany) who built steel-frame and glass skyscrapers (1886-1969)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Thomas_Middleton__Middleton (^English playwright (1570-1627)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Albert_Abraham_Michelson__Michelson__A._A._Michelson__Albert_Michelson (^United States physicist (born in Germany) who collaborated with Morley in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1852-1931)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Michelangelo_Buonarroti__Michelangelo (^Florentine sculptor and painter and architect; one of the outstanding figures of the Renaissance (1475-1564)^)
   ^  #sculptor  #old_master  #architect;


#Otto_Fritz_Meyerhof__Meyerhof__Otto_Meyerhof (^United States biochemist (born in Germany) who studied the metabolism of muscles (1884-1951)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Giacomo_Meyerbeer__Meyerbeer__Jakob_Liebmann_Beer (^German composer of operas (1791-1864)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Prince_Klemens_Wenzel_Nepomuk_Lothar_von_Metternich__Metternich__Klemens_Metternich (^Austrian statesman (1773-1859)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Methuselah (^(Old Testament) a patriarch (grandfather of Noah) who is said to have lived 969 years^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Elie_Metchnikoff__Metchnikoff__Metchnikov__Elie_Metchnikov__Ilya_Ilich_Metchnikov (^Russian bacteriologist in France who formulated the theory of phagocytosis (1845-1916)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Friedrich_Anton_Mesmer__Mesmer__Franz_Anton_Mesmer (^Austrian physician who tried to treat diseases with a form of hypnotism (1734-1815)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Thomas_Merton__Merton (^United States religious and writer (1915-1968)^)
   ^  #religious  #professional_writer;


#Robert_King_Merton__Merton__Robert_Merton (^United States sociologist (born in 1910)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Ethel_Merman__Merman (^United States singer who appeared in several musical comedies (1909-1984)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Merlin (^(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Ottmar_Mergenthaler__Mergenthaler (^United States inventor (born in Germany) of the Linotype machine (1854-1899)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#James_Howard_Meredith__Meredith__James_Meredith (^United States civil rights leader whose college registration caused riots in traditionally segregated Mississippi (born in 1933)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#George_Meredith__Meredith (^English novelist and poet (1828-1909)^)
   ^  #novelist  #poet;


#Anna_Amalia_Mercouri__Mercouri__Melina_Mercouri (^Greek film actress (1925-1994)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Eddy_Merckx__Merckx (^Belgian racing cyclist who won the Tour de France five times (born in 1945)^)
   ^  #cyclist;


#John_Mercer__Mercer (^British maker of printed calico cloth who invented mercerizing (1791-1866)^)
   ^  #manufacturer;


#Gerardus_Mercator__Mercator__Gerhard_Kremer (^Flemish geographer who lived in Germany; he invented the Mercator projection of maps of the globe (1512-1594)^)
   ^  #geographer;


#Sir_Yehudi_Menuhin__Menuhin__Yehudi_Menuhin (^British violinist (born in the United States) who began his career as a child prodigy in the 1920s (1916-1999)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Gian_Carlo_Menotti__Menotti (^United States composer (born in Italy) of operas (born in 1911)^)
   ^  #composer;


#William_Claire_Menninger__Menninger__William_Menninger (^United States psychiatrist and son of Charles Menninger (1899-1966)^)
   ^  #psychiatrist;


#Karl_Augustus_Menninger__Menninger__Karl_Menninger (^United States psychiatrist and son of Charles Menninger (1893-1990)^)
   ^  #psychiatrist;


#Charles_Frederick_Menninger__Menninger__Charles_Menninger (^United States psychiatrist who with his sons founded a famous psychiatric clinic in Topeka (1862-1953)^)
   ^  #psychiatrist;


#Prosper_Meniere__Meniere (^French otologist who first described a form of vertigo now known as Meniere's disease and identified the semicircular canals as the site of the lesion (1799-1862)^)
   ^  #ear_doctor;


#Jakob_Ludwig_Felix_Mendelssohn-Bartholdy__Mendelssohn__Felix_Mendelssohn (^German romantic composer (1809-1847)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Dmitri_Ivanovich_Mendeleyev__Mendeleyev__Mendeleev__Dmitri_Mendeleyev__Dmitri_Mendeleev__Dmitri_Ivanovich_Mendeleev (^Russian chemist who developed a periodic table of the chemical elements and predicted the discovery of several new elements (1834-1907)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Gregor_Johann_Mendel__Mendel__Gregor_Mendel (^founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)^)
   ^  #monk  #botanist;


#Henry_Louis_Mencken__Mencken__H._L._Mencken (^United States journalist and literary critic (1880-1956)^)
   ^  #journalist  #literary_critic;


#Menander (^comic dramatist of ancient Greece (342-292 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Herman_Melville__Melville (^American writer of novels and short stories (1819-1891)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Andrew_William_Mellon__Mellon__Andrew_Mellon__Andrew_W._Mellon (^United States financier and philanthropist (1855-1937)^)
   ^  #financier  #philanthropist;


#Lauritz_Lebrecht_Hommel_Melchior__Melchior__Lauritz_Melchior (^United States operatic tenor (born in Denmark) noted for his Wagnerian roles (1890-1973)^)
   ^  #tenor;


#Dame_Nellie_Melba__Melba__Helen_Porter_Mitchell (^Australian operatic soprano (1861-1931)^)
   ^  #coloratura_soprano;


#Philipp_Melanchthon__Melanchthon__Philipp_Schwarzerd (^German theologian and Luther's successor as leader of the Reformation in Germany (1497-1560)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Lise_Meitner__Meitner (^Swedish physicist (born in Austria) who worked in the field of radiochemistry with Otto Hahn and formulated the concept of nuclear fission with Otto Frisch (1878-1968)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Georg_Meissner__Meissner (^German anatomist (1829-1905)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#Fritz_W._Meissner__Meissner (^German physicist (1882-1974)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Golda_Meir__Meir (^Israeli statesman (born in Russia) (1898-1978)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Meiji_Tenno__Mutsuhito (^Emperor of Japan who encouraged the modernization of Japan (1852-1912)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Sir_Peter_Brian_Medawar__Medawar__Peter_Medawar (^British immunologist (born in Brazil) who studied tissue transplants and discovered that the rejection of grafts was an immune response (1915-1987)^)
   ^  #immunologist;


#George_Meany__Meany (^United States labor leader who was the first president of the AFL-CIO (1894-1980)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#James_Edward_Meade__Meade (^English economist noted for his studies of international trade and finance (born in 1907)^)
   ^  #economist;


#George_Gordon_Meade__Meade (^United States general in charge of the Union troops at the battle of Gettysburg (1815-1872)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Margaret_Mead__Mead (^United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#George_Herbert_Mead__Mead (^United States philosopher of pragmatism (1863-1931)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Aimee_Semple_McPherson__McPherson (^United States evangelist (born in Canada) noted for her extravagant religious services (1890-1944)^)
   ^  #evangelist;


#John_Bach_McMaster__McMaster (^United States historian who wrote a nine volume history of the people of the United States (1852-1932)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Herbert_Marshall_McLuhan__McLuhan__Marshall_McLuhan (^Canadian writer noted for his analyses of the mass media (1911-1980)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#President_McKinley__McKinley__William_McKinley (^25th President of the United States; was assassinated by an anarchist (1843-1901)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Charles_Follen_McKim__McKim (^United States neoclassical architect (1847-1909)^)
   ^  #architect;


#William_Holmes_McGuffey__McGuffey (^United State educator who compiled the McGuffey Eclectic Readers (1800-1873)^)
   ^  #educator;


#John_Joseph_McGraw__McGraw__John_McGraw (^United States baseball player and manager (1873-1934)^)
   ^  #ballplayer  #coach;


#Carson_Smith_McCullers__McCullers__Carson_McCullers (^United States novelist (1917-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Cyrus_Hall_McCormick__McCormick__Cyrus_McCormick (^United States inventor and manufacturer of a mechanical harvester (1809-1884)^)
   ^  #inventor  #manufacturer;


#John_McCormick__McCormick (^United States operatic tenor (born in Ireland) (1884-1945)^)
   ^  #tenor;


#Joseph_Raymond_McCarthy__McCarthy__Joseph_McCarthy (^United States politician who unscrupulously accused many citizens of being Communists (1908-1957)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Giuseppe_Mazzini__Mazzini (^Italian nationalist whose writings spurred the movement for a unified and independent Italy (1805-1872)^)
   ^  #patriot;


#Willie_Howard_Mays_Jr.__Mays__Willie_Mays__the_Say_Hey_Kid (^United States baseball player (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Marie_Goeppert_Mayer__Mayer (^United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for her research on the structure of the atom (1906-1972)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Louis_Burt_Mayer__Mayer__Louis_B._Mayer (^United States filmmaker (born in Russia) who founded his own film company and later merged with Samuel Goldwyn (1885-1957)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Mayakovski__Mayakovski (^Soviet poet; leader of Russian futurism (1893-1930)^)
   ^  #poet;


#James_Clerk_Maxwell__Maxwell__J._C._Maxwell (^Scottish physicist whose equations unified electricity and magnetism and who recognized the electromagnetic nature of light (1831-1879)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Sir_Hiram_Stevens_Maxim__Maxim (^English inventor (born in the United States) who invented the Maxim gun that was used in World War I (1840-1916)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Peter_Paul_Mauser__Mauser__von_Mauser__P._P._von_Mauser (^German arms manufacturer and inventor of a repeating rifle and pistol (1838-1914)^)
   ^  #inventor  #arms_manufacturer;


#Andre_Maurois__Maurois__Emile_Herzog (^French writer best known for his biographies (1885-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Henri_Rene_Albert_Guy_de_Maupassant__Maupassant__Guy_de_Maupassant (^French writer noted especially for his short stories (1850-1893)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Henry_Mauldin__Mauldin__Bill_Mauldin (^United States cartoonist noted for his drawings of soldiers in battle (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#William_Somerset_Maugham__Maugham__Somerset_Maugham__W._Somerset_Maugham (^English writer (born in France) of novels and short stories (1874-1965)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Saint_Matthew_the_Apostle__Matthew__Saint_Matthew__St_Matthew__St_Matthew_the_Apostle__Levi (^(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditionally considered to be the author of the first Gospel^)
   ^  #Apostle  #Evangelist;


#Henri_Emile_Benoit_Matisse__Matisse__Henri_Matisse (^French painter and sculptor; leading figure of Fauvism (1869-1954)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Robert_Bruce_Mathias__Mathias__Bob_Mathias (^United States athlete who won Olympic gold medals in the decathlon (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #athlete;


#Mata_Hari__Margarete_Gertrud_Zelle (^Dutch dancer who was executed by the French as a German spy in World War I (1876-1917)^)
   ^  #undercover_agent;


#Edgar_Lee_Masters__Masters (^United States poet (1869-1950)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Leonide_Fedorovitch_Massine__Massine__Leonid_Fyodorovich_Myasin (^French choreographer and ballet dancer (born in Russia) (1895-1979)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Jules_Emile_Frederic_Massenet__Massenet (^French composer of operas (1842-1912)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Massasoit (^Wampanoag leader who who aided the Pilgrims (1580-1661)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Wampanoag;


#George_Mason__Mason (^American Revolutionary leader from Virginia whose objections led to the drafting of the Bill of Rights (1725-1792)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#James_Neville_Mason__Mason__James_Mason (^English film actor(1909-1984)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Alfred_Edward_Woodley_Mason__Mason__A._E._W._Mason (^English writer (1865-1948)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Edward_Masefield__Masefield__John_Masefield (^English poet (1878-1967)^)
   ^  #poet;


#St_Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalene__Mary_Magdalen__St_Mary_Magdalen (^sinful woman Jesus healed of evil spirits; she became a follower of Jesus^)
   ^  #sinner;


#Mary_Queen_of_Scots__Mary_Stuart (^Queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567; as a Catholic she was forced to abdicate in favor of her son (later James I of England) and fled to England where she was imprisoned by Elizabeth I; when Catholic supporters plotted to put her on the English throne she was tried and executed for sedition (1542-1587)^)
   ^  #queen_regnant;


#Mary_II (^Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; she was the eldest daughter of James II and ruled jointly with her husband William III (1662-1694)^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England;


#Virgin_Mary__Mary__The_Virgin__Madonna  (^the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics^)
   ^  #Jewess  #mother;


#Karl_Marx__Marx (^founder of modern communism; wrote The Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #economist  #revolutionist;


#Andrew_Marvell__Marvell (^English poet (1621-1678)^)
   ^  #poet;


#St_Martin__Martin  (^French bishop who is a patron saint of France (died in 397)^)
   ^  #bishop;


#Steve_Martin__Martin  (^United States actor and comedian (born in 1945)^)
   ^  #histrion  #comic;


#Mary_Martin__Martin  (^United States actress (1913-1990)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Dean_Martin__Dino_Paul_Crocetti__Martin  (^United States singer (1917-1995)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Martial (^Roman poet noted for epigrams (first century BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Jose_Julian_Marti__Marti (^Cuban poet and revolutionary who fought for Cuban independence from Spain (1853-1895)^)
   ^  #revolutionist  #poet;


#John_Marstan__Marstan (^English playwright (1575-1634)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#E._G._Marshall__Marshall (^United States actor (1914-1998)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#George_Catlett_Marshall__Marshall__George_Marshall (^United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#John_Marshall__Marshall (^American jurist; as chief justice of the Supreme Court he established the principles of United States constitutional law (1755-1835)^)
   ^  #jurist  #chief_justice;


#Reginald_Marsh__Marsh (^United States painter (1898-1954)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Ngaio_Marsh__Marsh (^New Zealand writer of detective stories (1899-1982)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Donald_Robert_Perry_Marquis__Marquis__Don_Marquis (^humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)^)
   ^  #humorist;


#Pere_Jacques_Marquette__Marquette__Jacques_Marquette (^French missionary who accompanied Louis Joliet in exploring the upper Mississippi River valley (1637-1675)^)
   ^  #missioner;


#John_Philip_Marquand__Marquand__John_Marquand (^United States writer who created the Japanese detective Mr. Moto and wrote other novels as well (1893-1960)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Christopher_Marlowe__Marlowe (^English poet and playwright who introduced blank verse as a form of dramatic expression; was stabbed to death in a tavern brawl (1564-1593)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Robert_Nesta_Marley__Marley__Bob_Marley (^Jamaican singer who popularized reggae (1945-1981)^)
   ^  #singer;


#First_Baron_Marks_of_Broughton__Marks__Simon_Marks (^English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Andrei_Markov__Markov__Markoff__Andre_Markoff (^Russian mathematician (1856-1922)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Dame_Alicia_Markova__Markova__Lilian_Alicia_Marks (^English ballet dancer (born in 1910)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Saint_Mark__Mark__St_Mark (^Apostle and companion of Saint Peter; assumed to be the author of the second Gospel^)
   ^  #Apostle.Christian  #Evangelist;


#Giambattista_Marini__Marini__Marino__Giambattista_Marino (^Italian poet (1569-1625)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Marie_Antoinette (^Queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI) who was unpopular because of her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was guillotined along with her husband (1755-1793)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Herbert_Marcuse__Marcuse (^United States political philosopher (born in Germany) concerned about the dehumanizing effects of capitalism and modern technology (1898-1979)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Guglielmo_Marconi__Marconi (^Italian electrical engineer known as the father of radio (1874-1937)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#Rocco_Marciano__Marciano__Rocky_Marciano (^United States prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship in 1952 (1924-1969)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Marcel_Marceau__Marceau (^French mime famous for his sad-faced clown (born in 1923)^)
   ^  #mime;


#Jean_Paul_Marat__Marat (^French revolutionary leader (born in Switzerland) who was a leader in overthrowing the Girondists and was stabbed to death in his bath by Charlotte Corday (1743-1793)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Mao_Tsetung__Mao__Mao_Zedong (^Chinese communist leader (1893-1976)^)
   ^  #communist  #revolutionist;


#Mickey_Charles_Mantle__Mantle__Mickey_Mantle (^United States baseball player (1931-1997)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Gideon_Algernon_Mantell__Mantell (^English geologist remembered as the first person to recognize that dinosaurs were reptiles (1790-1852)^)
   ^  #geologist;


#Andrea_Mantegna__Mantegna (^Italian painter and engraver noted for his frescoes (1431-1506)^)
   ^  #painter  #engraver;


#Sir_Patrick_Manson__Manson (^Scottish physician who discovered that elephantiasis is spread by mosquitos and suggested that mosquitos also spread malaria (1844-1922)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Kathleen_Mansfield_Beauchamp__Mansfield__Katherine_Mansfield (^New Zealand writer of short stories (1888-1923)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Francois_Mansart__Mansart (^French architect who introduced the mansard roof (1598-1666)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Horace_Mann__Mann (^United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Thomas_Mann__Mann (^German writer concerned about the role of the artist in bourgeois society (1875-1955)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edouard_Manet__Manet (^French painter whose work influenced the impressionists (1832-1883)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Osip_Emilevich_Mandelstam__Mandelstam__Osip_Mandelstam__Mandelshtam (^Russian poet who died in a prison camp (1891-1938)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Benoit_Mandelbrot__Mandelbrot (^French mathematician (born in Poland) noted for inventing fractals (born in 1924)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Nelson_Rolihlahla_Mandela__Mandela__Nelson_Mandela (^South African statesman who was released from prison to become the nation's first democratically elected president in 1994 (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #nationalist_leader  #statesman;


#David_Mamet__Mamet (^United States playwright (born in 1947)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Thomas_Robert_Malthus__Malthus__Thomas_Malthus (^an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Andre_Malraux__Malraux (^French novelist (1901-1976)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Marcello_Malpighi__Malpighi (^Italian anatomist who was the first to use a microscope to study anatomy and was among the first to recognize cells in animals (1628-1694)^)
   ^  #histologist;


#Sir_Thomas_Malory__Malory__Thomas_Malory (^English writer who published a translation of romances about King Arthur taken from French and other sources (died in 1471)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edmund_Malone__Malone__Edmond_Malone (^English scholar remembered for his chronology of Shakespeare's plays and his editions of Shakespeare and Dryden (1741-1812)^)
   ^  #scholarly_person;


#Mary_Mallon__Mallon__Typhoid_Mary (^United States cook who was an immune carrier of typhoid fever and who infected dozens of people (1870-1938)^)
   ^  #immune_carrier;


#Stephane_Mallarme__Mallarme (^French symbolist poet noted for his free verse (1842-1898)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Bronislaw_Kasper_Malinowski__Malinowski__Bronislaw_Malinowski (^British anthropologist (born in Poland) who introduced the technique of the participant observer (1884-1942)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Kazimir_Severinovich_Malevich__Malevich__Kazimir_Malevich (^Russian abstract painter (1878-1935)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Nicolas_de_Malebranche__Malebranche (^French philosopher (1638-1715)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Malcolm_X__Malcolm_Little (^militant civil rights leader (1925-1965)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader  #militant;


#Bernard_Malamud__Malamud (^United States writer (1914-1986)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Frederic_William_Maitland__Maitland (^English historian noted for his works on the history of English law (1850-1906)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Marquise_de_Maintenon__Maintenon__Francoise_d'Aubigne__Madame_de_Maintenon (^French consort of Louis XIV who secretly married the king after the death of his first wife (1635-1719)^)
   ^  #marquise  #consort;


#Moses_Maimonides__Maimonides__Rabbi_Moses_Ben_Maimon (^Spanish philosopher considered the greatest Jewish scholar of the Middle Ages who codified Jewish law in the Talmud (1135-1204)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Aristide_Maillol__Maillol (^French sculptor of monumental female nudes (1861-1944)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Norman_Mailer__Mailer (^United States writer (born in 1923)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Gustav_Mahler__Mahler (^Austrian composer (1860-1911)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Alfred_Thayer_Mahan__Mahan (^United States naval officer and historian (1840-1914)^)
   ^  #naval_officer  #historian;


#Rene_Magritte__Magritte (^Belgian surrealist painter (1898-1967)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Andre_Maginot__Maginot (^French politician who proposed the Maginot Line (1877-1932)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Ferdinand_Magellan__Magellan__Fernao_Magalhaes (^Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain; he commanded an expedition that was the first to circumnavigate the world (1480-1521)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Count_Maurice_Maeterlinck__Maeterlinck (^Belgian playwright (1862-1949)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Madonna_Louise_Ciccone__Madonna (^United States pop singer and sex symbol during the 1980s (born in 1958)^)
   ^  #singer;


#President_Madison__Madison__James_Madison (^4th President of the United States; member of the Constitutional Congress and recorder at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#John_James_Rickard_Macleod__Macleod__John_Macleod (^Scottish physiologist who directed the research by F. G. Banting and C. H. Best that led to the discovery of insulin (1876-1935)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Archibald_MacLeish__MacLeish (^United States poet (1892-1982)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sir_Alexander_Mackenzie__Mackenzie (^Canadian explorer (born in England) who explored the Mackenzie River and who was first to cross North American by land north of Mexico (1764-1820)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Niccolo_Machiavelli__Machiavelli (^a statesman of Florence who advocated a strong central government (1469-1527)^)
   ^  #statesman  #philosopher;


#Ernst_Mach__Mach (^Austrian physicist and philosopher who introduced the Mach number and who founded logical positivism (1838-1916)^)
   ^  #physicist  #philosopher;


#Robert_MacGregor__MacGregor__Rob_Roy (^Scottish clan leader and outlaw who was the subject of a 1817 novel by Sir Walter Scott (1671-1734)^)
   ^  #criminal;


#Macbeth (^King of Scotland (died in 1057)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Thomas_Babington_Macaulay__Macaulay__First_Baron_Macaulay (^English historian noted for his history of England (1800-1859)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Douglas_MacArthur__MacArthur (^United States general who served as chief of staff and commanded Allied forces in the South Pacific during World War II; he accepted the surrender of Japan (1880-1964)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Edward_George_Earle_Bulwer-Lytton__Lytton__First_Baron_Lytton__Bulwer-Lytton (^English writer of historical romances (1803-1873)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lysippus (^Greek sculptor (4th century BC)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Lysimachus (^Macedonian general under Alexander the Great; with Seleucus he defeated Antigonus and Demetrius at the battle of Ipsus (circa 355-281 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Macedonian;


#Trofim_Denisovich_Lysenko__Lysenko (^Soviet geneticist whose adherence to Lamarck's theory of evolution was favored by Stalin (1898-1976)^)
   ^  #geneticist;


#Lysander (^Spartan general who defeated the Athenians in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (died in 395 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#John_Lyly__Lyly (^English writer noted for his elaborate style (1554-1606)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Edwin_Lutyens__Lutyens__Sir_Edwin_Landseer_Luytens (^English architect (1869-1944)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Martin_Luther__Luther (^German theologian who led the Reformation; believed that salvation is granted on the basis of faith rather than deeds (1483-1546)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Alfred_Lunt__Lunt (^United States actor who performed with his wife Lynn Fontanne in many stage productions (1893-1977)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Raymond_Lully__Lully__Ramon_Lully (^Spanish philosopher (1235-1315)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Jean_Baptiste_Lully__Lully (^French composer (born in Italy) who was the court composer to Louis XIV and founded the national French opera (1632-1687)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Saint_Luke__Luke__St_Luke (^(New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel^)
   ^  #Apostle.Christian  #Evangelist;


#Bela_Lugosi__Lugosi__Bela_Ferenc_Blasko (^United States film actor (born in Hungary) noted for portraying monsters (1884-1956)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Lucius_Licinius_Luculus__Luculus (^Roman general famous for giving lavish banquets (110-57 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Titus_Lucretius_Carus__Lucretius (^Roman philosopher and poet; in a long didactic poem he tried to provide a scientific explanation of the universe (96-55 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #poet;


#Henry_Robinson_Luce__Luce__Henry_Luce (^United States publisher of magazines (1898-1967)^)
   ^  #publisher;


#Clare_Booth_Luce__Luce (^United States playwright and public official (1902-1987)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#George_Lucas__Lucas (^United States screenwriter and filmmaker (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #film_maker  #screenwriter;


#Ernst_Lubitsch__Lubitsch (^German filmmaker of sophisticated comedies (1892-1947)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Clemence_Sophia_Harned_Lozier__Lozier (^United States physician who in 1863 founded a medical school for women (1813-1888)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Laurence_Stephen_Lowry__Lowry__L._S._Lowry (^English painter (1887-1976)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Clarence_Malcolm_Lowry__Lowry__Malcolm_Lowry (^English novelist (1909-1957)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Traill_Spence_Lowell_Jr.__Lowell__Robert_Lowell (^United States poet (1917-1977)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Percival_Lowell__Lowell (^United States astronomer whose studies of Mars led him to conclude that Mars was inhabited (1855-1916)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Amy_Lowell__Lowell (^United States poet (1874-1925)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Abbott_Lawrence_Lowell__Lowell (^United States educator and president of Harvard University (1856-1943)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Sir_David_Alexander_Cecil_Low__Low__David_Low (^British political cartoonist (born in New Zealand) who created the character Colonel Blimp (1891-1963)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Sir_Alfred_Charles_Bernard_Lovell__Lovell__Sir_Bernard_Lovell (^English astronomer who pioneered radio astronomy (born in 1913)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Richard_Lovelace__Lovelace (^English poet (1618-1857)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Joseph_Louis_Barrow__Louis__Joe_Louis (^United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight campion for 12 years (1914-1981)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Louis_XVI (^King of France from 1774 to 1792; his failure to grant reforms led the the French Revolution; he and his queen (Marie Antoinette) were guillotined (1754-1793)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_XV (^grandson of Louis XIV and King of France from 1715 to 1774 who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1710-1774)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_XIV__Sun_King__Louis_the_Great (^King of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_XIII (^King of France from 1610 to 1643 who relied heavily on the advice of Cardinal Richelieu (1601-1643)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_XII (^King of France who was popular with his subjects (1462-1515)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_XI (^King of France who put down an alliance of unruly nobles and unified France except for Brittany (1423-1483)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_X__Louis_le_Hutin__Louis_the_Quarreller (^King of France (1289-1316)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_IX__Saint_Louis__St_Louis (^King of France and son of Louis VIII; he led two unsuccessful crusades; considered an ideal medieval king (1214-1270)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_VIII (^King of France who increased the power of the crown over the feudal lords (1187-1226)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_VII (^King of France who led the unsuccessful Second Crusade and fought frequent wars with Henry II of England (1120-1180)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_VI__Louis_the_Far__Louis_the_Wideawake__Louis_the_Bruiser (^King of France whose military victories consolidated his reign (1081-1137)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_V__Louis_le_Faineant (^King of France (967-987)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_IV__Louis_d'Outremer (^King of France (921-954)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_III (^son of Louis II and king of the West Franks (863-882)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_II__Louis_le_Begue__Louis_the_Stammerer (^King of the West Franks (846-879)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Louis_I__Louis_the_Pious (^third son of Charlemagne and king of the West Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (778-840)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Peter_Lorre__Lorre__Laszlo_Lowestein (^United States actor (born in Hungary) noted for playing sinister roles (1904-1964)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Lorenzo_de_Medici__Lorenzo_the_Magnificent (^Italian statesman and scholar who supported many artists and humanists including Michelangelo and Leonardo and Botticelli (1449-1492)^)
   ^  #statesman  #scholarly_person;


#Konrad_Zacharias_Lorenz__Lorenz__Konrad_Lorenz (^Austrian zoologist who studied the behavior of birds and emphasized the importance of innate as opposed to learned behaviors (1903-1989)^)
   ^  #zoologist;


#Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz__Lorentz (^Dutch physicist noted for work on electromagnetic theory (1853-1928)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Sophia_Loren__Loren__Sofia_Scicolone (^Italian film actress (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow__Longfellow (^American poet remembered for his long narrative poems (1807-1882)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Jack_London__London__John_Griffith_Chaney (^United States writer of novels based on experiences in the Klondike gold rush (1876-1916)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Otto_Loewi__Loewi (^United States pharmacologist (born in Germany) who was the first to show that acetylcholine is produced at the junction between a parasympathetic nerve and a muscle (1873-1961)^)
   ^  #pharmacologist;


#Frederick_Loewe__Loewe (^United States composer (born in Austria) who collaborated with Lerner on several musicals (1901-1987)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Jacques_Loeb__Loeb (^United States physiologist (born in Germany) who did research on parthenogenesis (1859-1924)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Sir_Oliver_Joseph_Lodge__Lodge__Sir_Oliver_Lodge (^English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#John_Locke__Locke (^English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Nikolai_Ivanovich_Lobachevsky__Lobachevsky (^Russian mathematician who independently discovered non-Euclidean geometry (1792-1856)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Baron_Lloyd_Webber_of_Sydmonton__Lloyd_Webber__Andrew_Lloyd_Webber (^English composer of many successful musicals (some in collaboration with Sir Tim Rice) (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Harold_Clayton_Lloyd__Lloyd__Harold_Lloyd (^United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Livy__Titus_Livius (^Roman historian whose history of Rome filled 142 volumes (of which only 35 survive) including the earliest history of the war with Hannibal (59 BC to AD 17)^)
   ^  #historian;


#David_Livingstone__Livingstone (^Scottish missionary and explorer who discovered the Zambezi River and Victoria Falls (1813-1873)^)
   ^  #missionary  #explorer;


#Robert_R._Livingston__Livingston (^American Revolutionary leader who served in the Continental Congress and as minister to France (1746-1813)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Mary_Ashton_Rice_Livermore__Livermore (^United States suffragist (1820-1905)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#Maximilien_Paul_Emile_Littre__Littre (^French lexicographer (1801-1881)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Franz_Liszt__Liszt (^Hungarian composer and piano virtuoso (1811-1886)^)
   ^  #pianist  #composer;


#Charles_Liston__Liston__Sonny_Liston (^United States prizefighter who lost his world heavyweight championship to Cassius Clay in 1964 (1932-1970)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Joseph_Lister__Lister__Baron_Lister (^English surgeon who was the first to use antiseptics (1827-1912)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon;


#Lipscomb__William_Nunn_Lipscom_Jr. (^United States chemist noted for his theories of molecular structure (born in 1919)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Walter_Lippmann__Lippmann (^United States journalist (1889-1974)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Gabriel_Lippmann__Lippmann (^French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Filippino_Lippi__Lippi (^Italian painter and son of Fra Filippo Lippi (1457-1504)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Fra_Filippo_Lippi__Lippi (^Italian painter whose works show a three-dimensional style (1406-1469)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Fritz_Albert_Lipmann__Lipmann (^United States biochemist (born in Germany) noted for his studies of metabolic processes (1899-1986)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Jacques_Lipchitz__Lipchitz (^United States sculptor (born in Lithuania) who pioneered cubist sculpture (1891-1973)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Carolus_Linnaeus__Linnaeus__Carl_von_Linne__Karl_Linne (^Swedish botanist who proposed the modern system of biological nomenclature (1707-1778)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Howard_Lindsay__Lindsay (^United States playwright who collaborated with Russel Crouse on several musicals (1889-1931)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Nicholas_Vachel_Lindsay__Lindsay__Vachel_Lindsay (^United States poet who traveled the country trading his poems for room and board (1879-1931)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Charles_Augustus_Lindbergh__Lindbergh__Charles_Lindbergh__Charles_A._Lindbergh__Lucky_Lindy (^United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)^)
   ^  #aviator;


#Jenny_Lind__Lind__Swedish_Nightingale (^Swedish soprano who toured the United States under the management of P. T. Barnum (1820-1887)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln (^16th President of the United States; saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)^)
   ^  #lawyer  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Maya_Lin__Lin (^United States sculptor and architect whose public works include the memorial to veterans of the Vietnam War in Washington (born in 1959)^)
   ^  #sculptor  #architect;


#Beatrice_Lillie__Lillie__Lady_Peel (^British actress (born in Canada) (1898-1989)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Lydia_Kamekeha_Paki_Liliuokalani__Liliuokalani (^Queen of the Hawaiian islands (1838-1917)^)
   ^  #queen_regnant;


#Trygve_Halvden_Lie__Lie__Trygve_Lie (^Norwegian diplomat who was the first Secretary General of the United Nations (1896-1968)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Roy_Lichtenstein__Lichtenstein (^United States painter who is a leading exponent of pop art (1923-1997)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Willard_Frank_Libby__Libby (^United States chemist who developed a method of radiocarbon dating (1908-1980)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Jerry_Lee_Lewis__Lewis (^United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)^)
   ^  #rock_star  #pianist;


#Frederick_Carleton_Lewis__Lewis__Carl_Lewis (^United States athlete who won gold medals at the Olympics for his skill in sprinting and jumping (born in 1961)^)
   ^  #sprinter  #jumper.athlete;


#Meriwether_Lewis__Lewis (^United States explorer and soldier who lead led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River (1774-1809)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#John_Llewelly_Lewis__Lewis__John_L._Lewis (^United States labor leader who was president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960 and president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations from 1935 to 1940 (1880-1969)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Harry_Sinclair_Lewis__Lewis__Sinclair_Lewis (^United States novelist who satirized middle-class America (1885-1951)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Clive_Staples_Lewis__Lewis__C._S._Lewis (^English critic and novelist; author of theological works and of books for children (1898-1963)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Claude_Levi-Strauss__Levi-Strauss (^French cultural anthropologist who promoted structural analysis of social systems (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Anton_van_Leuwenhoek__Leuwenhoek__Leeuwenhoek__Anton_van_Leeuwenhoek (^Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to recognize cells in animals and who gave the first accurate descriptions of microbes and spermatozoa and blood corpuscles (1632-1723)^)
   ^  #microscopist;


#Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing__Lessing (^German playwright and leader of the Enlightenment (1729-1781)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Vicomte_Ferdinand_Marie_de_Lesseps__Lesseps__Ferdinand_de_Lesseps (^French diplomat who supervised the construction of the Suez Canal (1805-1894)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Alan_Jay_Lerner__Lerner (^United States lyricist who collaborated on musicals with Frederick Loewe (1918-1986)^)
   ^  #lyricist;


#Mikhail_Yurievich_Lermontov__Lermontov (^Russian writer (1814-1841)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Wassily_Leontief__Leontief (^United States economist (born in Russia) who devised an input-output method of economic analysis (1906-1999)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Leonidas (^king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where is was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Leonardo_da_Vinci__Leonardo__da_Vinci (^Italian painter and sculptor and engineer and scientist and architect; the most versatile genius of the Italian Renaissance (1452-1519)^)
   ^  #old_master  #sculptor  #engineer  #architect;


#Elmore_John_Leonard__Leonard__Elmore_Leonard__Dutch_Leonard (^United States writer of thrillers (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Leo_X__Giovanni_de_Medici (^the pope who excommunicated Martin Luther and who bestowed on Henry VIII the title of Defender of the Faith (1475-1521)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Leo_III (^the pope who in 800 crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans (750-816)^)
   ^  #pope;


#St_Leo_I__Leo_I__Leo_the_Great (^the pope who extended the authority of the papacy to the west and persuaded Attila not to attack Rome (440-461)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Andre_Le_Notre__Le_Notre (^French landscape gardener who designed many formal gardens including the parks of Versailles (1613-1700)^)
   ^  #landscape_architect;


#Vladimir_Ilyich_Lenin__Lenin__Vladimir_Lenin__Nikolai_Lenin__Vladimir_Ilich_Lenin__Vladimir_Ilyich_Ulyanov__Vladimir_Ilich_Ulyanov (^Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924)^)
   ^  #Bolshevist;


#Pierre_Charles_L'Enfant__L'Enfant (^United States architect (born in France) who laid out the city plan for Washington (1754-1825)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Ivan_Lendl__Lendl (^United States tennis player (born in Czechoslovakia) who won several singles championships; in 1992 he became a United States citizen (born in 190)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Philipp_Lenard__Lenard (^German physicist who studied cathode rays (1862-1947)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Jack_Lemmon__Lemmon__John_Uhler (^United States film actor (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Georges_Henri_Lemaitre__Lemaitre__Edouard_Lemaitre (^Belgian cosmologist who proposed the big-bang theory of the origin of the universe (1894-1966)^)
   ^  #cosmologist;


#Vivien_Leigh__Leigh (^English film actress (1913-1967)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz__Leibniz__Leibnitz__Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibnitz (^German philosopher and mathematician who thought of the universe as consisting of independent monads and who devised a system of the calculus independent of Newton (1646-1716)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #philosopher;


#Franz_Lehar__Lehar (^Hungarian composer of light operas (1870-1948)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Fernand_Leger__Leger (^French painter who was an early cubist (1881-1955)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Eva_Le_Gallienne__Le_Gallienne (^United States actress (born in England) (1899-1991)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Shelton_Jackson_Lee__Lee__Spike_Lee (^United States filmmaker whose works explore the richness of Black American culture (born in 1957)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Gypsy_Rose_Lee__Lee__Rose_Louise_Hovick (^United States striptease artist who became famous on Broadway in the 1930s (1914-1970)^)
   ^  #stripper;


#Lee_Yuen_Kam__Lee__Bruce_Lee (^United States actor who was an expert in kung fu and starred in martial arts films (1941-1973)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Tsung_Dao_Lee__Lee (^United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Yang Chen Ning in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Richard_Henry_Lee__Lee (^American Revolutionary leader who proposed the resolution calling for independence of the American colonies (1732-1794)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Lighthorse_Harry_Lee__Lee__Henry_Lee (^American Revolutionary soldier (1756-1818)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Robert_Edward_Lee__Lee__Robert_E_Lee (^American general who led the Confederate armies in the American Civil War (1807-1870)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Le_Duc_Tho (^Vietnamese diplomat who negotiated with Henry Kissinger to end the war in Vietnam (1911-1990)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Le_Corbusier__Charles_Edouard_Jeanneret (^French architect (born in Switzerland) (1887-1965)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Henry_le_Chatelier__le_Chatelier (^French chemist who formulated Le Chatelier's principle (1850-1936)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#John_le_Carre__le_Carre__David_John_Moore_Cornwell (^English writer of novels of espionage (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Timothy_Francis_Leary__Leary__Tim_Leary__Timothy_Leary (^United States psychologist who experimented with psychoactive drugs (including LSD) and became a well-known advocate of their use (1920-1996)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Edward_Lear__Lear (^British artist and writer of nonsense verse (1812-1888)^)
   ^  #artist  #humorist;


#Richard_Erskine_Leakey__Leakey__Richard_Leakey (^English paleontologist (son of Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey) who continued the work of his parents; he was appointed director of a wildlife preserve in Kenya but resigned under political pressure (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #paleontologist  #anthropologist;


#Mary_Douglas_Leakey__Leakey__Mary_Leakey (^English paleontologist (the wife of Louis Leakey) who discovered the Zinjanthropus skull that was 1,750,000 years old (1913-1996)^)
   ^  #paleontologist  #anthropologist;


#Louis_Seymour_Bazett_Leakey__Leakey__Louis_Leakey (^English paleontologist whose account of fossil discoveries in Tanzania changed theories of human evolution (1903-1972)^)
   ^  #paleontologist  #anthropologist;


#Stephen_Butler_Leacock__Leacock__Stephen_Leacock (^Canadian economist best remembered for his humorous writings (1869-1944)^)
   ^  #economist  #humorist;


#Saint_Lawrence__Lawrence__St_Lawrence__Laurentius (^Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the Church's treasure and when he responded by offering the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)^)
   ^  #martyr;


#Thomas_Edward_Lawrence__Lawrence__T._E._Lawrence__Lawrence_of_Arabia (^Welsh soldier who from 1916 to 1918 organized the Arab revolt against the Turks; he later wrote an account of his adventures (1888-1935)^)
   ^  #soldier  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Thomas_Lawrence__Lawrence (^English portrait painter remembered for the series of portraits of the leaders of the alliance against Napoleon (1769-1830)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gertrude_Lawrence__Lawrence (^English actress (1898-1952)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence__Lawrence__E._O._Lawrence (^United States physicist who developed the cyclotron (1901-1958)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#David_Herbert_Lawrence__Lawrence__D._H._Lawrence (^English novelist and poet and essayist whose work condemned industrial society and explored sexual relationships (1885-1930)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Antoine_Laurent_Lavoisier__Lavoisier__Antoine_Lavoisier (^French chemist known as the father of modern chemistry; discovered oxygen and disproved the theory of phlogiston (1743-1794)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Rodney_George_Laver__Laver__Rod_Laver (^Australian tennis player who in 1962 was the second man to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles titles in the same year; in 1969 he repeated this feat (born in 1938)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Henry_Laurens__Laurens (^American Revolutionary leader and president of the Continental Congress (1724-1792)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Charles_Laughton__Laughton (^United States film actor (born in England) (1899-1962)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Sir_Harry_MacLennan_Lauder__Lauder__Harry_Lauder (^Scottish ballad singer and music hall comedian (1870-1950)^)
   ^  #singer  #comic;


#Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe__Latrobe (^United States architect (born in England) whose works include the chambers of the United States Congress and the Supreme Court (1764-1820)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Georges_de_La_Tour__La_Tour (^French painter of religious works (1593-1652)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Sieur_de_LaSalle__LaSalle__Rene-Robert_Cavelier (^French explorer who claimed Louisiana for France (1643-1687)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Pierre_Athanase_Larousse__Larousse__Pierre_Larousse (^French lexicographer (1817-1875)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Francois_de_La_Rochefoucauld__La_Rochefoucauld (^French writer of moralistic maxims (1613-1680)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ringgold_Wilmer_Lardner__Lardner__Ring_Lardner (^United States humorist and writer of satirical short stories (1885-1933)^)
   ^  #humorist  #professional_writer;


#Pierre_Simon_de_Laplace__Laplace__Marquis_de_Laplace (^French mathematician and astronomer who formulated the nebular hypothesis concerning the origins of the solar system and who developed the theory of probability (1749-1827)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Lao-tzu__Lao-tse__Lao-zi (^Chinese philosopher regarded as the founder of Taoism (6th century BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Lillie_Langtry__Langtry__the_Jersey_Lillie__Emilie_Charlotte_le_Breton (^British actress and mistress of of the prince who later became Edward VII (1853-1929)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Irving_Langmuir__Langmuir (^United States chemist who studied surface chemistry and developed the gas-filled tungsten lamp and worked on high temperature electrical discharges (1881-1957)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Samuel_Pierpoint_Langley__Langley (^United States astronomer and aviation pioneer who invented the bolometer and contributed to the design of early aircraft (1834-1906)^)
   ^  #astronomer  #inventor;


#Dorothea_Lange__Lange (^United States photographer remembered for her portraits of rural workers during the Depression (1895-1965)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#Lucy_Craft_Laney__Laney (^United States educator who founded the first private school for Black students in Augusta, Georgia (1854-1933)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Karl_Landsteiner__Landsteiner (^United States pathologist (born in Austria) who discovered human blood groups (1868-1943)^)
   ^  #diagnostician;


#Wanda_Landowska__Landowska (^United States harpsichordist (born in Poland) who helped to revive modern interest in the harpsichord (1879-1959)^)
   ^  #harpsichordist;


#Lev_Davidovich_Landau__Landau (^Soviet physicist who worked on low temperature physics (1908-1968)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Edwin_Herbert_Land__Land__Din_Land (^United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one-step photographic process (1909-1991)^)
   ^  #inventor  #industrialist;


#Sir_Lancelot__Lancelot (^(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table; friend of King Arthur until (according to some versions of the legend) he became the lover of Arthur's wife Guinevere^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Leonard_Constant_Lambert__Lambert__Constant_Lambert (^English composer and conductor (1905-1951)^)
   ^  #composer  #music_director;


#Charles_Lamb__Lamb__Elia (^English essayist (1775-1834)^)
   ^  #essayist;


#Jean_Baptiste_de_Lamarck__Lamarck__Chevalier_de_Lamarck (^French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics (1744-1829)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Jean_de_La_Fontaine__La_Fontaine (^French writer who collected Aesop's fables and published them (1621-1695)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jean_Laffite__Laffite__Lafitte__Jean_Lafitte (^French pirate who aided the United States in the War of 1812 and received an official pardon for his crimes (1780-1826)^)
   ^  #pirate;


#Arthur_Laffer__Laffer (^United States economist who proposed the Laffer curve (born in 1940)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Marquis_de_Lafayette__Lafayette__La_Fayette__Marie_Joseph_Paul_Yves_Roch_Gilbert_du_Motier (^French soldier who served under George Washington in the American Revolution (1757-1834)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Gaston_Lachaise__Lachaise (^United States sculptor (born in France) noted for his large nude figures (1882-1935)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Rudolph_Laban__Laban (^Hungarian choreographer who developed Labanotation (1879-1958)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Simon_Kuznets__Kuznets (^United States economist (born in Russia) who developed a method for using a country's gross national product to estimate its economic growth (1901-1985)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Mikhail_Ilarionovich_Kutuzov__Kutuzov__Prince_of_Smolensk (^Russian field marshal who commanded the Russian opposition to Napoleon (1745-1813)^)
   ^  #field_marshal;


#Akira_Kurosawa__Kurosawa (^Japanese filmmaker noted for blending Japanese folklore with Western styles of acting (1910-1998)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Richard_Kuhn__Kuhn (^Austrian chemist who did research on carotenoids and vitamins (1900-1967)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Stanley_Kubrick__Kubrick (^United States filmmaker (born in 1928)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Kublai_Khan__Kubla_Khan__Kublai_Kaan (^Mongol Emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China; he establish the Yuan dynasty and built a great capital on the site of modern Beijing where he received Marco Polo (1216-1294)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Alfred_Krupp__Krupp (^German arms manufacturer and son of Friedrich Krupp; his firm provided ordinance for German armies from the 1840s through World War II (1812-1887)^)
   ^  #arms_manufacturer;


#Friedrich_Krupp__Krupp (^German industrialist who manufactured steel in Essen (1787-1826)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Stephanus_Johannes_Paulus_Kruger__Kruger__Oom_Paul_Kruger (^Boer statesman (1825-1904)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Pyotr_Alexeyevich_Kropotkin__Kropotkin__Prince_Peter_Kropotkin (^Russian anarchist (1842-1921)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#Leopold_Kronecker__Kronecker (^German mathematician (1823-1891)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Alfred_Louis_Kroeber__Kroeber__Alfred_Kroeber (^United States anthropologist noted for his studies of culture (1876-1960)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Fritz_Kreisler__Kreisler (^United States violinist (born in Austria) (1875-1962)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Sir_Hans_Adolf_Krebs__Krebs__Hans_Adolf_Krebs (^English biochemist (born in Germany) who discovered the Krebs cycle (1900-1981)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Lee_Krasner__Krasner (^United States abstract expressionist artist (1908-1984)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Baron_Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing__Krafft-Ebing__Richard_von_Krafft-Ebing (^German neurologist noted for his studies of sexual deviance (1840-1902)^)
   ^  #neurologist;


#Sergei_Aleksandrovich_Koussevitzky__Koussevitzky__Serge_Koussevitzky (^United States conductor (born in Russia) who was noted for performing the works of contemporary composers (1874-1951)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Thaddeus_Kosciusko__Kosciusko__Kosciuszko__Tadeusz_Andrzej_Bonawentura_Kosciuszko (^Polish patriot and soldier who fought with Americans in the American Revolution (1746-1817)^)
   ^  #patriot  #soldier;


#Alfred_Habdank_Skarbek_Korzybski__Korzybski__Alfred_Korzybski (^United States semanticist (born in Poland) (1879-1950)^)
   ^  #semanticist;


#Sir_Alexander_Korda__Korda__Sandor_Kellner (^British filmmaker (born in Hungary) (1893-1956)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Viktor_Lvovich_Korchnoi__Korchnoi__Viktor_Korchnoi (^Russian chess master (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #chess_master;


#Olga_Korbut__Korbut (^Soviet gymnast (born in 1955)^)
   ^  #gymnast;


#Tjalling_Charles_Koopmans__Koopmans__Tjalling_Koopmans (^United States economist (born in the Netherlands) (1910-1985)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Prince_Fumimaro_Konoe__Konoe__Fumimaro_Konoe__Konoye__Fumimaro_Konoye__Prince_Fumimaro_Konoye (^Japanese statesman who set Japan's expansionist policies and formed an alliance with Germany and Italy (1891-1945)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Arthur_Koestler__Koestler (^British writer (born in Hungary) who wrote a novel exposing the Stalinist purges during the 1930s (1905-1983)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Koch__Koch (^German bacteriologist who isolated the anthrax bacillus and the tubercle bacillus and the cholera bacillus (1843-1910)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#John_Knox__Knox (^Scottish theologian who founded Scottish Presbyterianism and wrote a history of the reformation in Scotland (1514-1572)^)
   ^  #theologian  #historian;


#Friedrich_Gottlieb_Klopstock__Klopstock (^German poet (1724-1803)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Harry_F._Klinefelter__Klinefelter__Harry_Fitch_Kleinfelter (^United States physician who first described the XXY-syndrome (born in 1912)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Franz_Joseph_Kline__Kline (^United States abstract expressionist painter (1910-1962)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gustav_Klimt__Klimt (^Austrian painter influenced by art nouveau (1862-1918)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Bernd_Heinrich_Wilhelm_von_Kleist__Kleist__Heinrich_von_Kleist (^German dramatist whose works concern people torn between reason and emotion (1777-1811)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Felix_Klein__Klein (^German mathematician who created the Klein bottle (1849-1925)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Melanie_Klein__Klein (^United States psychoanalyst (born in Austria) who was the first to specialize in the psychoanalysis of small children (1882-1960)^)
   ^  #psychoanalyst;


#Calvin_Richard_Klein__Klein__Calvin_Klein (^United States fashion designer noted for understated fashions (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #couturier;


#Paul_Klee__Klee (^Swiss painter influenced by Kandinsky (1879-1940)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth__Klaproth (^German chemist who pioneered analytical chemistry and discovered three new elements (1743-1817)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#First_Earl_Kitchener_of_Khartoum__Kitchener__Herbert_Kitchener__Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener (^British field marshal (1850-1916)^)
   ^  #field_marshal;


#Henry_Alfred_Kissinger__Kissinger__Henry_Kissinger (^United States diplomat who served under Presidents Nixon and Ford (born in 1923)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Ernst_Ludwig_Kirchner__Kirchner (^German expressionist painter (1880-1938)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gustav_Robert_Kirchhoff__Kirchhoff__G._R._Kirchhoff (^German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Joseph_Rudyard_Kipling__Kipling__Rudyard_Kipling (^English author of novels and poetry who was born in India (1865-1936)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Alfred_Charles_Kinsey__Kinsey (^United States zoologist best known for his interview studies of sexual behavior (1894-1956)^)
   ^  #zoologist;


#Billie_Jean_Moffitt_King__King__Billie_Jean_King (^United States woman tennis player (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Riley_B_King__King__B._B._King (^United States guitar player and singer of the blues (born in 1925)^)
   ^  #singer  #guitarist;


#Martin_Luther_King_Jr.__King__Martin_Luther_King (^United States Baptist minister and charismatic civil rights leader who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968)^)
   ^  #clergyman  #civil_rights_leader;


#Krzysztof_Kieslowski__Kieslowski (^Polish filmmaker who made ten films based on he ten commandments (1941-1996)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Soren_Aabye_Kierkegaard__Kierkegaard__Soren_Kierkegaard (^Danish philosopher who was the founder of existentialism (1813-1855)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#William_Kidd__Kidd__Captain_Kidd (^Scottish sea captain who was hired to protect British shipping in the Indian Ocean and then was accused of piracy and hanged (1645-1701)^)
   ^  #sea_captain;


#Nikita_Sergeyevich_Khrushchev__Khrushchev__Nikita_Khrushchev (^Soviet statesman and premier who denounced stalin (1894-1971)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ayatollah_Ruholla_Khomeini__Khomeini__Ruholla_Khomeini__Ayatollah_Khomeini (^Iranian religious leader of the Shiites; when Shah Pahlavi's regime fell Khomeini established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers (1900-1989)^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Sir_Seretse_Khama__Khama (^Botswanan statesman who was the first president of Botswana (1921-1980)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Aram_Ilich_Khachaturian__Khachaturian__Aram_Khachaturian (^Soviet composer (born in Georgia) whose works are romantic and reflect his interest in folk music (1903-1978)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Francis_Scott_Key__Key (^United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812; the poem was later set to music and entitled `The Star-Spangled Banner' (1779-1843)^)
   ^  #lawyer  #poet;


#Charles_Franklin_Kettering__Kettering__Charles_Kettering (^United States electrical engineer who made numerous automotive improvements (including the electric starter) (1876-1958)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Ken_Elton_Kesey__Kesey__Ken_Kesey (^United States writer whose best-known novel was based on his experiences as an attendant in a mental hospital (born in 1935)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jean-Louis_Lebris_de_Kerouac__Kerouac__Jack_Kerouac (^United States writer who was a leading figure of the beat generation (1922-1969)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jerome_David_Kern__Kern__Jerome_Kern (^United States composer of musical comedies (1885-1945)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Aleksandr_Feodorovich_Kerensky__Kerensky (^Russian revolutionary who was head of state after Nicholas II abdicated but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (1881-1970)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Johannes_Kepler__Kepler__Johan_Kepler (^German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Keokuk (^American Sauk leader (1790-1848)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Sauk;


#Jomo_Kenyata__Kenyata (^Kenyan statesman and the first president of independent Kenya (1893-1978)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Arthur_Edwin_Kennelly__Kennelly__A._E._Kennelly (^United States electrical engineer noted for his work on the theory of alternating currents; independently of Oliver Heaviside he discovered the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1861-1939)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy__Kennedy__Jack_Kennedy__JFK__President_Kennedy (^35th President of the United States; established the Peace Corps; assassinated in Dallas (1917-1963)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Sir_John_Cowdery_Kendrew__Kendrew (^English biologist noted for studies of the molecular structure of blood components (born in 1917)^)
   ^  #biologist;


#Edward_Calvin_Kendall__Kendall__Edward_Kendall (^United States biochemist who discovered cortisone (1886-1972)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Kemal_Ataturk__Kemal_Pasha__Mustafa_Kemal (^Turkish statesman and founder of modern Turkey (1881-1938)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#First_Baron_Kelvin__Kelvin__William_Thompson (^British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Emmett_Kelly__Kelly__Weary_Willie (^United States circus clown (1898-1979)^)
   ^  #merry_andrew;


#Grace_Patricia_Kelly__Kelly__Grace_Kelly__Princess_Grace_of_Monaco (^United States film actress who retired when she married into the royal family of Monaco (1928-1982)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Eugene_Curran_Kelly__Kelly__Gene_Kelly (^United States dancer who performed in many musical films (1912-1996)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #histrion;


#W._K._Kellogg__Kellogg__Will_Keith_Kellog (^United States food manufacturer who (with his brother) developed a breakfast cereal of crisp flakes of rolled and toasted wheat and corn; he established a company to manufacture the cereal (1860-1951)^)
   ^  #food_manufacturer;


#Helen_Adams_Keller__Keller__Helen_Keller (^United States lecturer and writer who was blind and deaf from the age of 19 months; Anne Sullivan taught her to read and write and speak; Helen Keller graduated from college and went on to champion the cause of blind and deaf people (1880-1968)^)
   ^  #lecturer  #professional_writer;


#Friedrich_August_Kekule_von_Stradonitz__Kekule__Friedrich_August_Kekule (^German chemist remembered for his discovery of the ring structure of benzene (1829-1896)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#John_Keble__Keble (^English clergyman who (with John Henry Newman and Edward Pusey) founded the Oxford Movement (1792-1866)^)
   ^  #clergyman;


#John_Keats__Keats (^English Romantic poet (1795-1821)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Joseph_Francis_Keaton__Keaton__Buster_Keaton (^United States comedian and actor in silent films noted for his acrobatic skills and deadpan face (1895-1966)^)
   ^  #comic  #histrion;


#Edmund_Kean__Kean (^English actor noted for his portrayals of Shakespeare's great tragic characters (1789-1833)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Kenneth_David_Kaunda__Kaunda__Kenneth_Kaunda (^statesman who led Northern Rhodesia to full independence as Zambia in 1964 and served as Zambia's first president (born in 1924)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#George_Simon_Kaufman__Kaufman__George_S._Kaufman (^United States playwright who collaborated with many other writers including Moss Hart (1889-1961)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Alfred_Kastler__Kastler (^French physicist (1902-1984)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Gary_Kasparov__Kasparov__Gary_Weinstein (^Azerbaijani chess master who became world champion in 1985 by defeating Anatoli Karpov (born in 1963)^)
   ^  #chess_master;


#Tamara_Karsavina__Karsavina (^Russian dancer who danced with Nijinsky (1885-1978)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Anatoli_Yevgenevich_Karpov__Karpov__Anatoli_Karpov (^Russian chess master who was world champion from 1975 until 1985 when he was defeated by Gary Kasparov (born in 1951)^)
   ^  #chess_master;


#Boris_Karloff__Karloff__William_Henry_Pratt (^United States film actor (born in England) noted for his performances in horror films (1887-1969)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Erik_Axel_Karlfeldt__Karlfeldt (^Swedish poet whose works incorporate Swedish customs and folklore (1864-1931)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Immanuel_Kant__Kant (^influential German idealist philosopher (1724-1804)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Wassily_Kandinsky__Kandinsky (^Russian painter who was a pioneer of abstract art (1866-1944)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Kamehameha_I__Kamehameha_the_Great (^Hawaiian king who united the islands under his rule (1758-1819)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Mikhail_Ivanovich_Kalinin__Kalinin__Mikhail_Kalinin (^soviet statesman and head of state of the USSR (1875-1946)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Franz_Kafka__Kafka (^Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Juvenal__Decimus_Junius_Juvenalis (^Roman satirist who denounced the vice and folly of Roman society during the reign of the emperor Domitian (60-140)^)
   ^  #satirist;


#Justinian_the_Great__Justinian__Justinian_I (^Byzantine emperor who held the eastern frontier of his empire against the Persians; codified Roman Law in 529; his general Belisarius regained North Africa and Spain (483-565)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu__Jussieu (^French botanist who categorized plants into families and developed a system of plant classification (1748-1836)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Hugo_Junkers__Junkers (^German aircraft engineer who designed the first all-metal airplane (1859-1935)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Carl_Gustav_Jung__Jung__Carl_Jung (^Swiss psychologist (1875-1961)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Saint_Jude__Jude__St_Jude__Judas__Thaddaeus (^(New Testament) supposed brother of St James; one of the Apostles who is invoked in prayer when a situation seems hopeless^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Judas_Iscariot__Judas (^(New Testament) the Apostle who betrayed Jesus to his enemies for 30 pieces of silver^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Judah (^(Old Testament) the fourth son of Jacob who was forebear of one of the tribes of Israel; one of his descendants was to be the Messiah^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Juan_Carlos_Victor_Maria_de_Borbon_y_Borbon__Juan_Carlos (^king of Spain since 1975 (born in 1938)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#James_Augustine_Aloysius_Joyce__Joyce__James_Joyce (^influential Irish writer noted for his many innovations (such as stream of consciousness writing) (1882-1941)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Benjamin_Jowett__Jowett (^English classical scholar noted for his translations of Plato and Aristotle (1817-1893)^)
   ^  #classical_scholar  #interpreter.mediator;


#James_Prescott_Joule__Joule (^English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Joshua (^(Old Testament) Moses' successor who led the Israelites into the Promised Land; best remembered for his destruction of Jericho^)
   ^  #religious_leader;


#Flavius_Josephus__Josephus__Joseph_ben_Matthias (^Jewish general who led the revolt of the Jews against the Romans and then wrote a history of those events (37-100)^)
   ^  #full_general  #historian  #Pharisee;


#Chief_Joseph__Joseph (^leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Nez_Perce.Sahaptino;


#Joseph.patriarch (^(Old Testament) the 11th son of Jacob and one of the 12 patriarchs of Israel; Jacob gave Joseph a coat of many colors, which made his brother jealous and the sold him into slavery in Egypt^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Joseph.carpenter (^(New Testament) husband of Mary and (in Christian belief) the foster father of Jesus^)
   ^  #carpenter;


#Joseph (^(old Testament) the eleventh son of Jacob and one of the twelve patriarchs of Israel^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Janis_Joplin__Joplin (^United States singer who died of a drug overdose at the height of her popularity (1943-1970)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Scott_Joplin__Joplin (^United States composer who was the first creator of ragtime to write down his compositions (1868-1917)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Benjamin_Jonson__Jonson__Ben_Jonson (^English dramatist and poet who was the first real poet laureate of England (1572-1637)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Mary_Harris_Jones__Jones__Mother_Jones (^United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#John_Luther_Jones__Jones__Casey_Jones (^United States railroad engineer who died trying to stop his train from crashing into another train; a friend wrote `The Ballad of Casey Jones' about the incident (1864-1900)^)
   ^  #locomotive_engineer;


#Robert_Tyre_Jones__Jones__Bobby_Jones (^United States golfer (1902-1971)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#John_Paul_Jones__Jones (^American naval commander in the War of Independence (1747-1792)^)
   ^  #naval_commander;


#Inigo_Jones__Jones (^English architect and theatrical designer (1573-1652)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Daniel_Jones__Jones (^English phonetician (1881-1967)^)
   ^  #phonetician;


#Jonah.prophet (^(Old Testament) Jonah did not wish to become a prophet so God caused a great storm to throw him overboard from a ship; he was saved by being swallowed by a whale that vomited him out onto dry land^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Al_Jolson__Jolson__Asa_Yoelson (^United States singer (born in Russia) who appeared in the first full-length talking film (1886-1950)^)
   ^  #singer  #histrion;


#Louis_Jolliet__Jolliet__Joliet__Louis_Joliet (^French explorer (with Jacques Marquette) of the upper Mississippi River valley (1645-1700)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Irene_Joliot-Curie__Joliot-Curie (^French physicist who (with her husband) synthesized new chemical elements (1897-1956)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Jean-Frederic_Joliot-Curie__Joliot__Jean-Frederic_Joliot__Joliot-Curie (^French nuclear physicist who was Marie Curie's assistant and who worked with Marie Curie's daughter who he married (taking the name Joliot-Curie); he and his wife discovered how to synthesize new radioactive elements (1900-1958)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Joseph_Eggleston_Johnston__Johnston__J._E._Johnston (^Confederate general in the American Civil War; led the Confederate troops in the West (1807-1891)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Samuel_Johnson__Johnson__Dr._Johnson (^English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #lexicographer;


#President_Lyndon_Johnson__Johnson__Lyndon_Johnson__Lyndon_Baines_Johnson__LBJ__President_Johnson (^36th President of the United States; was elected Vice President and succeeded Kennedy when Kennedy was assassinated (1908-1973)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#President_Andrew_Johnson__Johnson__Andrew_Johnson__President_Johnson (^17th President of the United States; was elected Vice President and succeeded Lincoln when Lincoln was assassinated; was impeached but acquitted by one vote (1808-1875)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Jasper_Johns__Johns (^United States artist and proponent of pop art (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #artist;


#John_Paul_II__Karol_Wojtyla (^the first Pope born in Poland (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #pope;


#John_Paul_I__Albino_Luciano (^the first Pope to assume a double name; he reigned for only 34 days (1912-1978)^)
   ^  #pope;


#John_the_Baptist (^(New Testament) a preacher and hermit and forerunner of Jesus (whom he baptized); was beheaded by Herod at the request of Salome^)
   ^  #hermit;


#John_Lackland__John (^youngest son of Henry II; King of England from 1199 to 1216; succeeded to the throne on the death of his brother Richard I; lost his French possessions; in 1215 John was compelled by the barons to sign the Magna Carta (1167-1216)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Saint_John_the_Apostle__John__Saint_John__St_John__St_John_the_Apostle__John_the_Evangelist__John_the_Divine (^(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; traditional author of the 4th Gospel^)
   ^  #Apostle  #Evangelist;


#Robert_Joffrey__Joffrey (^United States choreographer (1930-1988)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Joseph_Jacques_Cesaire_Joffre__Joffre (^French field marshal who commanded the Allied armies in France during World War II (1852-1931)^)
   ^  #field_marshal;


#Job.hero (^a Jewish hero in the Old Testament who maintained his faith in God in spite of afflictions that tested him^)
   ^  #hero.leader;


#Francisco_Jimenez_de_Cisneros__Jimenez_de_Cisneros (^prelate who was the confessor of Isabella I and who was later appointed Grand Inquisitor (1436-1517)^)
   ^  #archpriest  #Grand_Inquisitor;


#Juan_Ramon_Jimenez__Jimenez (^Spanish lyric poet (1881-1958)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Jezebel (^wife of Ahab who was king of Israel; according to the Old Testament she was a cruel immoral queen who fostered the worship of Baal and tried to kill Elijah and other prophets of Israel (9th century BC)^)
   ^  #queen  #Jewess;


#Norman_Jewison__Jewison (^Canadian filmmaker (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#William_Stanley_Jevons__Jevons (^English economist and logician who contributed to the development of the theory of marginal utility (1835-1882)^)
   ^  #economist  #logician;


#Jesus_of_Nazareth__Jesus__Jesus_Christ__Christ__Savior__Saviour__Good_Shepherd__Redeemer__Deliverer (^a prophet of the first century; to Christians he was both God and man--the Messiah sent to save the human race from the sin it inherited through the Fall of Man (circa 8 BC - 29 AD)^)
   ^  #Son  #Jew  #prophet;


#Jens_Otto_Harry_Jespersen__Jespersen__Otto_Jespersen (^Danish linguist (1860-1943)^)
   ^  #linguist;


#Jeremiah.prophet (^(Old Testament) an Israelite prophet who is remembered for his angry lamentations (jeremiads) about the wickedness of his people (circa 626-587 BC)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Jeroboam_I__Jeroboam (^(Old Testament) first king of the northern kingdom of Israel who led Israel into sin (10th century BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Johannes_Vilhelm_Jensen__Jensen (^modernistic Danish writer (1873-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edward_Jenner__Jenner (^English physician who pioneered vaccination; Jenner inoculated people with small amounts of cowpox to prevent them from getting smallpox (1749-1823)^)
   ^  #doc;


#President_Jefferson__Jefferson__Thomas_Jefferson (^3rd President of the United States; chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition (1743-1826)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#John_Robinson_Jeffers__Jeffers__Robinson_Jeffers (^United States poet who wrote about California (1887-1962)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Jeanne_d'Arc__Joan_of_Arc__Saint_Joan (^French heroine and military leader inspired by religious visions to organize French resistance to the English and to have Charles VII crowned king; she was later tried for heresy and burned at the stake (1412-1431)^)
   ^  #military_leader  #martyr;


#John_Jay__Jay (^United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)^)
   ^  #diplomatist  #jurist;


#Karl_Theodor_Jaspers__Jaspers__Karl_Jaspers (^German psychiatrist (1883-1969)^)
   ^  #psychiatrist;


#Randall_Jarrell__Jarrell (^United States poet (1914-1965)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Cornelis_Jansen__Jansen__Cornelius_Jansenius (^Roman Catholic theologian (1585-1638)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Judith_Jamison__Jamison (^United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1944)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#James_II (^the last Stuart King of England and Ireland and Scotland; overthrown in 1688 (1633-1701)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#James_I (^the first Stuart King of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1925 and King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; son of Mary Queen of Scots who succeeded Elizabeth I; alienated Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Jesse_James__James (^United States outlaw who fought as a Confederate soldier and later led a band of outlaws that robbed trains and banks in the West until he was murdered by a member of his own gang (1847-1882)^)
   ^  #criminal;


#William_James__James (^American pragmatic philosopher and psychologist (1842-1910)^)
   ^  #psychologist  #philosopher;


#Henry_James__James (^writer who was born in the United States but lived in England (1843-1916)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Saint_James_the_Apostle__James__Saint_James__St_James__St_James_the_Apostle (^(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of John; author of The Epistle of James in the New Testament^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Roman_Osipovich_Jakobson__Jakobson__Roman_Jakobson (^United States linguist (born in Russia) noted for his description of the universals of phonology (1896-1982)^)
   ^  #linguist;


#Michael_Philip_Jagger__Jagger__Mick_Jagger (^English rock star (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #rock_star;


#Joseph_Marie_Jacquard__Jacquard__Joseph_M._Jacquard (^French inventor of the Jacquard loom that could automatically weave complicated patterns (1752-1834)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#William_Wymark_Jacobs__Jacobs__W._W._Jacobs (^English writer of macabre short stories (1863-1943)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jane_Jacobs__Jacobs (^United States writer and critic of urban planning (born in 1916)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Aletta_Jacobs__Jacobs (^Dutch physician who opened the first birth control clinic in the world in Amsterdam (1854-1929)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Karl_Gustav_Jacob_Jacobi__Jacobi (^German mathematician (1804-1851)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Francois_Jacob__Jacob (^French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Jack_the_Ripper (^an unidentified English murderer in the 19th century^)
   ^  #murderer;


#Glenda_Jackson__Jackson (^English film actress who later became a member of Parliament (born in 1936)^)
   ^  #actress  #politico;


#Michael_Joe_Jackson__Jackson__Michael_Jackson (^United States singer who began singing with his four brothers and later became a highly successful star during the 1980s (born in 1958)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Mahalia_Jackson__Jackson (^United States singer who did much to popularize gospel music (1911-1972)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Jesse_Louis_Jackson__Jackson__Jesse_Jackson (^United States civil rights leader who led a national anti-discrimination campaign and ran for presidential nomination (born in 1941)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader  #politico;


#Helen_Maria_Fiske_Hunt_Jackson__Jackson__Helen_Hunt_Jackson (^United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Thomas_Jonathan_Jackson__Jackson__Thomas_Jackson__Thomas_J._Jackson__Stonewall_Jackson (^general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War whose troops at the first Battle of Bull Run stood like a stone wall (1824-1863)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Andrew_Jackson__Jackson__Old_Hickory (^7th president of the US; successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815; expanded the power of the presidency (1767-1845)^)
   ^  #full_general  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Charles_Edward_Ives__Ives (^United States composer noted for his innovative use of polytonality (1874-1954)^)
   ^  #composer;


#James_Merritt_Ives__Ives__James_Ives (^United States lithographer who (with his partner Nathaniel Currier) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1824-1895)^)
   ^  #lithographer;


#Lev_Ivanov__Ivanov (^Russian choreographer (1834-1905)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Ivan_IV__Ivan_Iv_Vasilievich__Ivan_the_Terrible (^the first Czar of Russia (1530-1584)^)
   ^  #tsar;


#Ivan_III_Vasilievich__Ivan_III__Ivan_the_Great (^Grand Duke of Muscovy whose victories against the Tartars laid the basis for Russian unity (1440-1505)^)
   ^  #grand_duke;


#Issachar (^(Old Testament) a son of Jacob and a forebear of one of the tribes of Israel^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Isocrates (^Athenian rhetorician and orator (436-338 BC)^)
   ^  #orator;


#Ishmael (^(Old Testament) the son of Abraham who was cast out after the birth of Isaac; considered the forebear of 12 Arabian tribes^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Christopher_William_Bradshaw_Isherwood__Isherwood__Christopher_Isherwood (^United States writer (born in England) whose best known novels portray Berlin in the 1930's and who collaborated with W. H. Auden in writing plays in verse (1904-1986)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Isaiah (^(Old Testament) the first of the major Hebrew prophets (8th century BC)^)
   ^  #vaticinator;


#Isabella_I__Isabella_the_Catholic (^Queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand V of Castile marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; she sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus (1451-1504)^)
   ^  #queen_regnant;


#Isaac (^(Old Testament) the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God; father of Jacob and Esau^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Washington_Irving__Irving (^United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Irving__Irving (^United States writer of darkly humorous novels (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Eugene_Ionesco__Ionesco (^French dramatist (born in Romania) who was a leading exponent of the theater of the absurd (1912-1994)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Innocent_III__Lotario_di_Segni (^Pope who instituted the Fourth Crusade and under whom papal intervention in European politics reached its height (1161-1216)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres__Ingres (^French classical painter (1780-1867)^)
   ^  #painter;


#William_Ralph_Inge__Inge__the_Gloomy_Dean (^English prelate noted for his pessimistic sermons and articles (1860-1954)^)
   ^  #archpriest;


#William_Inge__Inge (^United States playwright (1913-1973)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola__Ignatius_of_Loyola__St_Ignatius_of_Loyola__Loyola (^Spanish Catholic theologian and founder of the Society of Jesus; a leading opponent of the Reformation (1491-1556)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Saint_Ignatius__Ignatius__St_Ignatius (^Bishop of Antioch who was martyred under Emperor Trajan (died 110)^)
   ^  #bishop;


#Julio_Iglesias__Iglesias (^Spanish singer noted for his ballads and love songs (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Henrik_Ibsen__Ibsen (^realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906)^)
   ^  #poet  #dramatist;


#Hypatia (^Greek philosopher and astronomer; she invented the astrolabe (370-415)^)
   ^  #astronomer  #philosopher;


#Christiaan_Huygens__Huygens__Christian_Huygens (^Dutch physicist who first formulated the wave theory of light (1629-1695)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Andrew_Fielding_Huxley__Huxley__Andrew_Huxley (^English physiologist who, with Alan Hodgkin, discovered the role of potassium and sodium ions in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1917)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Aldous_Leonard_Huxley__Huxley__Aldous_Huxley (^English writer; grandson of Thomas Huxley who is remembered mainly for his depiction of a scientifically controlled utopia (1894-1963)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Thomas_Henry_Huxley__Huxley__Thomas_Huxley (^English biologist and a leading exponent of Darwin's theory of evolution (1825-1895)^)
   ^  #biologist;


#Sir_Leonard_Hutton__Hutton (^English cricketer (1916-1990)^)
   ^  #cricketer;


#James_Hutton__Hutton (^Scottish geologist who described the processes that have shaped the surface of the earth (1726-1797)^)
   ^  #geologist;


#Anne_Hutchinson__Hutchinson (^American colonist (born in England) who was banished from Boston for her religious views (1591-1643)^)
   ^  #colonist;


#Robert_Maynard_Hutchins__Hutchins (^United States educator who was president of the University of Chicago (1899-1977)^)
   ^  #educator;


#John_Huston__Huston (^United States film maker born in the United States but an Irish citizen after 1964 (1906-1987)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Edmund_Husserl__Husserl (^German philosopher who developed phenomenology (1859-1938)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Saddam_bin_Hussein_at-Takriti__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__Saddam_Hussein (^Iraqi leader who waged war against Iran and who invaded Kuwait (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #dictator;


#ibn_Talal_Hussein__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__King_Hussein (^King of Jordan credited with creating stability at home and seeking peace with Israel (1935-1999)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#John_Huss__Huss__Hus__Jan_Hus (^Czechoslovakian religious reformer who anticipated the Reformation; he questioned the infallibility of the Catholic Church was excommunicated (1409) for attacking the corruption of the clergy; he was burned at the stake (1372-1415)^)
   ^  #reformist;


#Solomon_Hurok__Hurok__Sol_Hurok (^United States impresario who was born in Russia (1888-1974)^)
   ^  #showman;


#Samuel_Huntington__Huntington (^American revolutionary leader who signed the Declaration of Independence and was president of the Continental Congress (1731-1796)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Collis_Potter_Huntington__Huntington (^United States railroad executive who built the western section of the first United States transcontinental railroad (1821-1900)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#William_Holman_Hunt__Hunt__Holman_Hunt (^English Pre-Raphaelite painter (1827-1910)^)
   ^  #Pre-Raphaelite;


#Richard_Morris_Hunt__Hunt (^United States architect (1827-1895)^)
   ^  #architect;


#James_Henry_Leigh_Hunt__Hunt__Leigh_Hunt (^British writer who defended the romanticism of Keats and Shelley (1784-1859)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Engelbert_Humperdinck__Humperdinck (^German composer who influenced Wagner (1854-1921)^)
   ^  #composer;


#David_Hume__Hume (^Scottish philosopher whose sceptical philosophy restricted human knowledge to that which can be perceived by the senses (1711-1776)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Baron_Karl_Wilhelm_von_Humboldt__Humboldt__Baron_Wilhelm_von_Humboldt (^German philologist noted for his studies of the relation between language and culture (1767-1835)^)
   ^  #philologist;


#Baron_Friedrich_Heinrich_Alexander_von_Humboldt__Humboldt__Baron_Alexander_von_Humboldt (^German naturalist who explored Central and South America and provided a comprehensive description of the physical universe (1769-1859)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Isaac_Hull__Hull (^United States naval officer who commanded the `Constitution' during the War of 1812 and won a series of brilliant victories against the British (1773-1843)^)
   ^  #naval_officer;


#Cordell_Hull__Hull (^United States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Victor-Marie_Hugo__Hugo__Victor_Hugo (^French poet and novelist and dramatist; leader of the romantic movement in France (1802-1885)^)
   ^  #poet  #novelist  #dramatist;


#Edward_James_Hughes__Hughes__Ted_Hughes (^English poet (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #poet;


#James_Langston_Hughes__Hughes__Langston_Hughes (^United States writer (1902-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Howard_Robard_Hughes__Hughes__Howard_Hughes (^United States industrialist who was an aviator and a film producer; during the last years of his life he was a total recluse (1905-1976)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #aviator  #film_maker;


#Charles_Evans_Hughes__Hughes (^United States jurist who served on the Supreme Court (1862-1948)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#Sir_William_Huggins__Huggins (^English astronomer who pioneered spectroscopic analysis in astronomy and who discovered the red shift (1824-1910)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#William_Henry_Hudson__Hudson__W._H._Hudson (^English naturalist (born in Argentina) (1841-1922)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Henry_Hudson__Hudson (^English navigator who discovered the Hudson River; in 1610 he attempted to winter in Hudson Bay but his crew mutinied and set him adrift to die (1565-1611)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#David_Hubel__Hubel (^United States neuroscientist noted for his studies of the neural basis of vision (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #neuroscientist;


#Edwin_Powell_Hubble__Hubble__Edwin_Hubble (^United States astronomer who discovered that (as the universe expands) the speed with which nebulae recede increases with their distance (1889-1953)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Edmond_Hoyle__Hoyle (^English writer on games (1672-1769)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Dean_Howells__Howells (^United States writer and editor (1837-1920)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Julia_Ward_Howe__Howe (^United States feminist who was active in the women's suffrage movement (1819-1910)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#Elias_Howe__Howe (^United States inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers (including Isaac M. Singer) (1819-1867)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Leslie_Howard_Stainer__Howard__Leslie_Howard (^English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Catherine_Howard__Howard (^Queen of England as the fifth wife of Henry VIII who was accused of adultery and executed (1520-1542)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Samuel_Houston__Houston__Sam_Houston (^United States politician and military leader who fought to gain independence for Texas from Mexico and to make it a part of the United States (1793-1863)^)
   ^  #politico  #full_general;


#Alfred_Edward_Housman__Housman__A._E._Housman (^English poet (1859-1936)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Henry_Oscar_Houghton__Houghton (^United States publisher who founded a printing shop that became an important book publisher (1823-1895)^)
   ^  #publisher;


#Harry_Houdini__Houdini__Erik_Weisz (^United States magician (born in Hungary) famous for his ability to escape from chains or handcuffs or straitjackets of padlocked containers (1874-1926)^)
   ^  #sorcerer;


#Hosea (^a minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Victor_Horta__Horta (^Belgian architect and leader in art nouveau architecture (1861-1947)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Vladimir_Horowitz__Horowitz (^Russian concert pianist who was a leading international virtuoso (1904-1989)^)
   ^  #pianist;


#Horace (^Roman lyric poet said to have influenced English poetry (65-8 BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Francis_Hopkinson__Hopkinson (^American Revolutionary patriot and leader; a signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1791)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Mark_Hopkins__Hopkins (^United States educator and theologian (1802-1887)^)
   ^  #theologian  #educator;


#Hopkins__Johns_Hopkins (^United States financier and philanthropist who left money to found the university and hospital that bear his name in Baltimore (1795-1873)^)
   ^  #financier  #philanthropist;


#Gerard_Manley_Hopkins__Hopkins (^English poet (1844-1889)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sir_Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins__Hopkins (^English biochemist who did pioneering work that led to the discovery of vitamins (1861-1947)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Sir_Anthony_Philip_Hopkins__Hopkins__Anthony_Hopkins__Sir_Anthony_Hopkins (^Welsh film actor (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Leslie_Townes_Hope__Hope__Bob_Hope (^United States comedian (born in England) who appeared in films with Bing Crosby (born in 1903)^)
   ^  #comic;


#William_Henry_Hoover__Hoover__William_Hoover (^United States industrialist who manufactured vacuum cleaners (1849-1932)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#John_Edgar_Hoover__Hoover__J._Edgar_Hoover (^United States lawyer who was director of the FBI for 48 years (1895-1972)^)
   ^  #lawyer;


#Herbert_Clark_Hoover__Hoover__Herbert_Hoover__President_Hoover (^31st President of the United States; in 1929 the stock market crashed and the economy collapsed and Hoover was defeated for re-election by Franklin Roosevelt (1874-1964)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Fighting_Joe_Hooker__Hooker__Joseph_Hooker (^United States general in the Union Army who was defeated at Chancellorsville by Robert E. Lee (1814-1879)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Richard_Hooker__Hooker (^English theologian (1554-1600)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Robert_Hooke__Hooke (^English scientist who formulated the law of elasticity and proposed a wave theory of light and formulated a theory of planetary motion and proposed the inverse square law of gravitational attraction and discovered the cellular structure of cork and introduced the term `cell' into biology and invented a balance spring for watches (1635-1703)^)
   ^  #scientist;


#Arthur_Honegger__Honegger (^Swiss composer (born in France) (1892-1955)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Winslow_Homer__Homer (^United States painter best known for his seascapes (1836-1910)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Homer (^ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Holofernes (^(Apocrypha) the Assyrian general who was decapitated by the biblical heroine Judith^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr.__Holmes (^United States jurist noted for his liberal opinions (1841-1935)^)
   ^  #jurist;


#Oliver_Wendell_Holmes__Holmes (^United States writer of humorous essays (1809-1894)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Arthur_Holmes__Holmes (^English geologist and supporter of the theory of continental drift (1890-1965)^)
   ^  #geologist;


#Buddy_Holly__Holly__Charles_Hardin_Holley (^United States rock star (1936-1959)^)
   ^  #rock_star  #songwriter;


#Herman_Hollerith__Hollerith (^United States inventor who invented a system for recording alphanumeric information on punched cards (1860-1929)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Holbein_the_Younger__Holbein__Hans_Holbein (^German painter and engraver noted for his portraits; he was commissioned by Henry VIII of England to provide portraits of the king's prospective brides (1497-1543)^)
   ^  #old_master  #engraver;


#Holbein_the_Elder__Holbein__Hans_Holbein (^German painter of religious works (1465-1524)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Katsushika_Hokusai__Hokusai (^Japanese painter whose work influenced the impressionists (1760-1849)^)
   ^  #painter;


#James_Hogg__Hogg (^Scottish writer of rustic verse (1770-1835)^)
   ^  #poet;


#William_Hogarth__Hogarth (^English artist noted for a series of engravings that satirized the affectations of his time (1697-1764)^)
   ^  #old_master  #engraver;


#William_Benjamin_Hogan__Hogan__Ben_Hogan (^United States golfer who won many major golf tournaments (born in 1912)^)
   ^  #golfer;


#Hugo_von_Hoffmannsthal__Hoffmannsthal (^German poet who wrote libretti for operas by Richard Strauss (1874-1929)^)
   ^  #poet;


#August_Wilhelm_von_Hoffmann__Hoffmann (^German chemist (1818-1892)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Roald_Hoffmann__Hoffmann (^United States chemist (born in Poland) who used quantum mechanics to understand chemical reactions (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann__Hoffmann__E._T._A._Hoffmann__Ernst_Theodor_Wilhelm_Hoffmann (^German writer of fantastic tales (1776-1822)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Malvina_Hoffman__Hoffman (^United States sculptor (1887-1966)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Dustin_Hoffman__Hoffman (^versatile United States film actor (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#James_Riddle_Hoffa__Hoffa__Jimmy_Hoffa (^United States labor leader who was president of the Teamsters Union; he was jailed for trying to bribe a judge and later disappeared and is assumed to have been murdered (1913-1975)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Thomas_Hodgkin__Hodgkin (^English physician who first described Hodgkin's disease (1798-1866)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Dorothy_Crowfoot_Hodgkin__Hodgkin__Dorothy_Hodgkin (^English chemist who used crystallography to study the structure of organic compounds (1910-1994)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Sir_Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin__Hodgkin__Alan_Hodgkin (^English physiologist who, with Andrew Huxley, discovered the role of potassium and sodium atoms in the transmission of the nerve impulse (born in 1914)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Ho_Chi_Minh__Nguyen_That_Thanh (^Vietnamese communist statesman who fought the Japanese in World War II and the French until 1954 and South vietnam until 1975 (1890-1969)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#John_Berry_Hobbs__Hobbs__Sir_Jack_Hobbs (^notable English cricketer (1882-1963)^)
   ^  #cricketer;


#Thomas_Hobbes__Hobbes (^English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Adolf_Hitler__Hitler__Der_Fuhrer (^German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)^)
   ^  #dictator  #Nazi;


#George_Herbert_Hitchings__Hitchings (^United States biochemist noted for developing drugs to treat leukemia and gout (born in 1905)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Alfred_Joseph_Hitchcock__Hitchcock__Alfred_Hitchcock__Sir_Alfred_Hitchcock (^English film director noted for his skill in creating suspense (1899-1980)^)
   ^  #film_director;


#Harold_Hirschsprung__Hirschsprung (^Danish pediatrician (1830-1916)^)
   ^  #baby_doctor;


#Michinomiya_Hirohito__Hirohito (^Emperor of Japan who renounced his divinity and became a constitutional monarch after Japan surrendered at the end of World War II (1901-1989)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Hippocrates (^medical practitioner who is regarded as the father of medicine; author of the Hippocratic Oath (circa 460-377 BC)^)
   ^  #medical_practitioner;


#Hipparchus (^Greek astronomer and mathematician who discovered the precession of the equinoxes and made the first known star chart and is said to have invented trigonometry (second century BC)^)
   ^  #astronomer  #mathematician;


#Paul_Ludwig_von_Beneckendorff_und_von_Hindenburg__Hindenburg__Paul_von_Hindenburg (^German Field Marshal and statesman; as president he reluctantly appointed Hitler as Chancellor in 1933 (1847-1934)^)
   ^  #full_general  #field_marshal  #statesman;


#Paul_Hindemith__Hindemith (^German neoclassical composer who believed that music should have a social purpose (1895-1963)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Bernard_Hinault__Hinault (^French racing cyclist who won the Tour de France five times (born in 1954)^)
   ^  #cyclist;


#Heinrich_Himmler__Himmler (^German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)^)
   ^  #Nazi;


#Sir_Edmund_Percival_Hillary__Hillary__Edmund_Hillary__Sir_Edmund_Hillary (^New Zealand mountaineer who first attained the summit of Mount Everest with his Sherpa guide Tenzing Norgay (born in 1919)^)
   ^  #mountaineer;


#James_Jerome_Hill__Hill__J._J._Hill (^United States railroad tycoon (1838-1916)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#Benny_Hill__Hill__Alfred_Hawthorne (^risque English comedian (1925-1992)^)
   ^  #comic;


#David_Hilbert__Hilbert (^German mathematician (1862-1943)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Thomas_Wentworth_Storrow_Higginson__Higginson__Thomas_Higginson (^United States writer and soldier who led the first Black regiment in the Union Army (1823-1911)^)
   ^  #soldier  #professional_writer;


#James_Butler_Hickock__Hickock__Wild_Bill_Hickock (^frontier marshal whose adventures have become legendary (1837-1876)^)
   ^  #marshal;


#Hiawatha (^a native American chieftain who argued for peace with the European settlers (16th century)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Onondaga.Iroquois;


#Hezekiah__Ezekias (^(Old Testament) king of Judah who abolished idolatry (715-687 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#DuBois_Heyward__Heyward__Edwin_DuBois_Hayward (^United States writer (1885-1940)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Paul_Johann_Ludwig_von_Heyse__Heyse__Paul_Heyse (^German writer (1830-1914)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Joroslav_Heyrovsky__Heyrovsky (^Czechoslovakian chemist who developed polarography (1890-1967)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Heyerdahl__Thor_Hyerdahl (^Norwegian anthropologist noted for his studies of cultural diffusion (born in 1914)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#George_Charles_Hevesy_de_Hevesy__Hevesy (^Hungarian chemist who studied radioisotopes and was one of the discoverers of the element hafnium (1885-1966)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Hermann_Hesse__Hesse (^Swiss writer (born in Germany) whose novels and poems express his interests in Eastern spiritual values (1877-1962)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Dame_Myra_Hess__Hess (^English pianist (1890-1965)^)
   ^  #pianist;


#Walter_Rudolf_Hess__Hess__Walter_Hess (^Swiss physiologist noted for studies of the brain (1881-1973)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Walther_Richard_Rudolf_Hess__Hess__Rudolf_Hess (^Nazi leader who in 1941 flew to Scotland in an apparent attempt to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain but was imprisoned for life (1894-1987)^)
   ^  #Nazi;


#Victor_Franz_Hess__Hess__Victor_Hess (^United States physicist (born in Austria) who was a discoverer of cosmic radiation (1883-1964)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Hesiod (^Greek poet whose existing works describe rural life and the genealogies of the gods and the beginning of the world (eighth century BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Gerhard_Herzberg__Herzberg (^Canadian physicist (born in Germany) noted for contributions to understanding the structure of molecules (born in 1904)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Heinrich_Rudolph_Hertz__Hertz__Heinrich_Hertz (^German physicist who was the first to produce electromagnetic waves artificially (1857-1894)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Gustav_Ludwig_Hertz__Hertz__Gustav_Hertz (^German physicist who with James Franck proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Bohr (1887-1975)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Milton_Snavely_Hershey__Hershey (^United States confectioner and philanthropist who created the model industrial town of Hershey, Pennsylvania; founded an industrial school for orphan boys (1857-1945)^)
   ^  #confectioner  #philanthropist;


#Sir_John_Frederick_William_Herschel__Herschel__John_Herschel__Sir_John_Herschel (^English astronomer (son of William Herschel) who extended the catalogue of stars to the southern hemisphere and did pioneering work in photography (1792-1871)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Sir_Frederick_William_Herschel__Herschel__William_Herschel__Sir_William_Herschel (^English astronomer (born in Germany) who catalogued the stars and discovered the planet Uranus (1738-1822)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Robert_Herrick__Herrick (^English lyric poet (1591-1674)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Herodotus (^the ancient Greek known as the father of history; his accounts of the wars between the Greeks and Persians are the first known examples of historical writing (425-485 BC)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Herod_the_Great__Herod (^king of Judea who (according to the New Testament) tried to kill Jesus by ordering the death of all children under age two in Bethlehem (73-4 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Hero_of_Alexandria__Hero__Heron (^Greek mathematician and inventor who devised a way to determine the area of a triangle and who described various mechanical devices (first century)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #inventor;


#Woodrow_Charles_Herman__Herman__Woody_Herman (^United States jazz musician and bandleader (1913-1987)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician  #bandleader;


#Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder__Herder (^German philosopher who advocated intuition over reason (1744-1803)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Victor_Herbert__Herbert (^United States musician and composer and conductor noted for his comic operas (1859-1924)^)
   ^  #musician;


#Johann_Friedrich_Herbart__Herbart (^German philosopher (1776-1841)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Heraclitus (^Greek philosopher who said that fire is the origin of all things and that permanence is an illusion as all things are in perpetual flux (circa 500 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Dame_Barbara_Hepworth__Hepworth__Barbara_Hepworth (^British sculptor (1902-1975)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Katharine_Houghton_Hepburn__Hepburn__Katharine_Hepburn (^United States film actress who appeared in many films with Spencer Tracy (born in 1909)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Jim_Henson__Henson (^United States puppeteer who created a troupe of puppet characters (1936-1990)^)
   ^  #puppeteer;


#Henry_VI (^son of Henry V who as an infant succeeded his father and was King of England from 1422 to 1461; he was taken prisoner in 1460 and Edward IV was proclaimed king; he was rescued and regained the throne in 1470 but was recaptured and murdered in the Tower of London (1421-1471)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Henry_V (^son of Henry IV and King of England from 1413 to 1422; reopened the Hundred Years' War and defeated the French at Agincourt (1387-1422)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Henry_IV__Bolingbroke__Henry_Bolingbroke (^the first Lancastrian King of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Henry_III (^son of King John and King of England from 1216 to 1272; his incompetence led to baronial opposition led by Simon de Montfort (1207-1272)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Henry_II.King_of_France (^King of France from 1547 to 1559; regained Calais from the English; husband of Catherine de Medicis and father of Charles IX (1519-1559)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Henry_II (^first Plantagenet King of England; instituted judicial and financial reforms; quarreled with archbishop Becket concerning the authority of the crown over the church (1133-1189)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Henry_I__Henry_Beauclerc (^King of England from 1100 to 1135; youngest son of William the Conqueror; conquered Normandy in 1106 (1068-1135)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#William_Henry__Henry (^English chemist who studied the quantities of gas absorbed by water at different temperatures and under different pressures (1775-1836)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Patrick_Henry__Henry (^American Revolutionary leader and famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #orator;


#Joseph_Henry__Henry (^American physicist who studied electromagnetic phenomena (1791-1878)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#James_Marshall_Hendrix__Hendrix__Jimi_Hendrix (^United States guitarist whose innovative style with electric guitars influenced the development of rock music (1942-1970)^)
   ^  #guitarist;


#Ernest_Hemingway__Hemingway (^an American writer of fiction who won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954 (1899-1961)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Heming__Heming__Hemminge__John_Hemminge (^English actor who edited the first folio of Shakespeare's plays (1556-1630)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Heloise (^student and mistress and wife of Abelard (circa 1098-1164)^)
   ^  #abbess;


#Baron_Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz__Helmholtz__Hermann_von_Helmholtz__Hermann_Ludwig_Ferdinand_von_Helmholtz (^German physiologist and physicist (1821-1894)^)
   ^  #physiologist  #physicist;


#Lillian_Hellman__Hellman (^United States playwright (1905-1984)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Joseph_Heller__Heller (^United States novelist whose best known work was a black comedy inspired by his experiences in the Air Force during World War II (1923-1999)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Werner_Karl_Heisenberg__Heisenberg (^German mathematical physicist noted for stating the uncertainty principle (1901-1976)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Henry_John_Heinz__Heinz (^United States industrialist who manufactured and sold processed foods (1844-1919)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Robert_Anson_Heinlein__Heinlein (^United States writer of science fiction (1907-1988)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Martin_Heidegger__Heidegger (^German philosopher whose views on human existence in a world of objects and on Angst influenced the existential philosophers (1889-1976)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel__Hegel (^German philosopher whose three stage process of dialectical reasoning was adopted by Karl Marx (1770-1831)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Ben_Hecht__Hecht (^United States writer of stories and plays (1894-1946)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Christian_Friedrich_Hebbel__Hebbel__Friedrich_Hebbel (^German dramatist (1813-1863)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Oliver_Heaviside__Heaviside (^English physicist and electrical engineer who helped develop telegraphic and telephonic communications; in 1902 (independent of A. E. Kennelly) he suggested the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1850-1925)^)
   ^  #physicist  #electrical_engineer;


#William_Randolph_Hearst__Hearst (^United States newspaper publisher whose introduction of large headlines and sensational reporting changed American journalism (1863-1951)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#William_Hazlitt__Hazlitt (^English essayist and literary critic (1778-1830)^)
   ^  #literary_critic;


#William_Dudley_Haywood__Haywood__Big_Bill_Haywood (^United States labor leader and militant socialist who was one of the founders of the Industrial Workers of the World (1869-1928)^)
   ^  #labor_leader  #socialist;


#William_Harrison_Hays__Hays__Will_Hays (^United States lawyer and politician who formulated a production code that prescribed the moral content of United states films from 1930 to 1966 (1879-1954)^)
   ^  #lawyer;


#Arthur_Garfield_Hays__Hays (^United States lawyer involved in several famous court trials (1881-1954)^)
   ^  #lawyer;


#Helen_Hayes__Hayes (^acclaimed actress of stage and screen (born in 1900)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Rutherford_Birchard_Hayes__Hayes__Rutherford_B._Hayes__President_Hayes (^19th President of the United States; his administration removed federal troops from the South and so ended the Reconstruction Period (1822-1893)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Friedrich_August_von_Hayek__Hayek (^English economist (born in Austria) noted for work on the optimum allocation of resources (1899-1992)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Franz_Joseph_Haydn__Haydn__Joseph_Haydn (^Austrian composer who influenced the classical form of the symphony (1732-1809)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Nathaniel_Hawthorne__Hawthorne (^United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Walter_Norman_Haworth__Haworth (^English biochemist who was a pioneer in research on carbohydrates; when he synthesized vitamin C he became the first person to synthesize a vitamin artificially (1883-1950)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Sir_John_Hawkins__Hawkins__Hawkyns__Sir_John_Hawkyns (^English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)^)
   ^  #privateersman;


#Coleman_Hawkins__Hawkins (^United States jazz saxophonist (1904-1969)^)
   ^  #saxophonist;


#Stephen_William_Hawking__Hawking__Stephen_Hawking (^English theoretical physicist (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Vaclav_Havel__Havel (^Czech dramatist and statesman whose plays opposed totalitarianism and who served as president of Czechoslovakia from 1989 to 1992 and president of the Czech Republic since 1993 (born in 1936)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #statesman;


#Anne_Hathaway__Hathaway (^wife of William Shakespeare (1556-1623)^)
   ^  #wife;


#Thomas_Hastings__Hastings (^United States architect who formed and important architectural firm with John Merven Carrere (1860-1929)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Odd_Hassel__Hassel (^Norwegian chemist noted for his research on organic molecules (1897-1981)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Frederick_Childe_Hassam__Hassam__Childe_Hassam (^United States painter noted for brilliant colors and bold brushwork (1859-1935)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Hasdrubal (^general who commanded a Carthaginian army in Spain; joined his brother Hannibal in Italy and was killed by the Romans at the battle of Metaurus River (died 207 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Carthaginian;


#William_Harvey__Harvey (^English physician who described the circulation of the blood (1578-1657)^)
   ^  #doc;


#John_Harvard__Harvard (^American philanthropist who left his library and half his estate to the Massachusetts college that now bears his name (1607-1638)^)
   ^  #philanthropist;


#David_Hartley__Hartley (^English philosopher who introduced the theory of the association of ideas (1705-1757)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Bret_Harte__Harte (^United States writer noted for his stories about life during the California gold rush (1836-1902)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Moss_Hart__Hart (^United States playwright who collaborated with George S. Kaufman (1904-1961)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Lorenz_Milton_Hart__Hart__Lorenz_Hart (^United States lyricist who collaborated with Richard Rodgers (1895-1943)^)
   ^  #lyricist;


#Charles_Digby_Harrod__Harrod (^English merchant who expanded his father's shop in London into a prestigious department store (1841-1905)^)
   ^  #merchant;


#Charles_Henry_Harrod__Harrod (^English merchant who took over a shop in London that was expanded by his son into a prestigious department store (1800-1885)^)
   ^  #merchant;


#Reginald_Carey_Harrison__Harrison__Rex_Harrison__Sir_Rex_Harrison (^English actor on stage and in films (1908-1990)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#President_Benjamin_Harrison__Harrison__Benjamin_Harrison__President_Harrison (^23rd President of the United States (1833-1901)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#President_William_Henry_Harrison__Harrison__William_Henry_Harrison__President_Harrison (^9th President of the United States; caught pneumonia during his inauguration and died shortly after (1773-1841)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Townsend_Harris__Harris (^United States diplomat who was instrumental in opening Japan to foreign trade (1804-1878)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#James_Thomas_Harris__Harris__Frank_Harris (^Irish writer noted for his sexually explicit but unreliable autobiography (1856-1931)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Arthur_Travers_Harris__Harris__Bomber_Harris (^British Marshal of the Royal Air Force; during World War II he directed mass bombing raids against German cities that resulted in heavy civilian casualties (1892-1984)^)
   ^  #full_general  #marshall;


#Benjamin_Harris__Harris (^publisher of the first newspaper printed in America (1673-1713)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#William_Averell_Harriman__Harriman__Averell_Harriman (^United States financier who negotiated a treaty with the Soviet Union banning tests of nuclear weapons (1891-1986)^)
   ^  #financier  #diplomatist;


#Edward_Henry_Harriman__Harriman__E._H._Harriman (^United States railway tycoon (1848-1909)^)
   ^  #businessman;


#King_Harold_II__Harold_II (^King of England who succeeded Edward the Confessor in 1066 and was the last of the Anglo-Saxon monarchs; he was killed fighting the invasion by William the Conqueror (1045-1066)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#King_Harold_I__Harold_I__Harold_Harefoot__Harefoot (^illegitimate son of Canute who seized the throne of England in 1037 (died in 1040)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Alfred_Charles_William_Harmsworth__Harmsworth__Viscount_Northcliffe (^British newspaper publisher (1865-1922)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher;


#Jean_Harlow__Harlow__Harlean_Carpenter (^United States film actress who made several films with Clark Gable (1911-1937)^)
   ^  #actress;


#James_Hargreaves__Hargreaves (^English inventor of the spinning jenny (1720-1778)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Thomas_Hardy__Hardy (^English novelist and poet (1840-1928)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Warren_Gamaliel_Harding__Harding__Warren_Harding__President_Harding (^29th President of the United States; two of his appointees were involved in the Teapot Dome scandal (1865-1823)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Hannibal.full_general (^general who commanded the Carthaginian army in the Second Punic War; crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Carthaginian;


#Thomas_J._Hanks__Hanks__Tom_Hanks (^United States film actor (born in 1956)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#William_Christopher_Handy__Handy__W._C._Handy (^United States blues musician who transcribed and published traditional blues music (1873-1958)^)
   ^  #composer;


#George_Frederick_Handel__Handel__Georg_Friedrich_Handel (^a prolific German composer noted for his oratorios (1685-1759)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Hancock__John_Hancock (^American revolutionary patriot who was president of the Continental Congress; was the first signer of the Declaration of Independence (1737-1793)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#Knut_Hamsun__Hamsun__Knut_Pedersen (^Norwegian writer of novels (1859-1952)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lionel_Hampton__Hampton (^United States musician who was the first to use the vibraphone as a jazz instrument (born in 1913)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Hammurabi__Hammurapi (^Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Samuel_Dashiell_Hammett__Hammett__Dashiell_Hammett (^United States writer of hard-boiled detective fiction (1894-1961)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Oscar_Hammerstein_II__Hammerstein__Oscar_Hammerstein (^United States lyricist who collaborated on many musical comedies (most successfully with Richard Rodgers) (1895-1960)^)
   ^  #lyricist;


#Dag_Hjalmar_Agne_Carl_Hammarskjold__Hammarskjold__Dag_Hammarskjold (^Swedish diplomat who greatly extended the influence of the United Nations in peace-keeping matters (1905-1961)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Sir_William_Rowan_Hamilton__Hamilton__William_Rowan_Hamilton (^Irish mathematician (1806-1865)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Lady_Emma_Hamilton__Hamilton__Amy_Lyon (^English beauty who was the mistress of Lord Nelson (1765-1815)^)
   ^  #Lady;


#Alice_Hamilton__Hamilton (^United States toxicologist known for her work on industrial poisons (1869-1970)^)
   ^  #toxicologist;


#Alexander_Hamilton__Hamilton (^United States statesman and leader of the Federalists; as the first Secretary of the Treasury he establish a federal bank; was mortally wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr (1755-1804)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Edmond_Halley__Halley__Edmund_Halley (^English astronomer who used Newton's laws of motion to predict the period of a comet (1656-1742)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Marguerite_Radclyffe_Hall__Hall__Radclyffe_Hall (^English writer whose novel about a lesbian relationship was banned in Britain for many years (1883-1943)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Granville_Stanley_Hall__Hall__G._Stanley_Hall (^United States child psychologist whose theories of child psychology strongly influenced educational psychology (1844-1924)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Charles_Martin_Hall__Hall (^United States chemist who developed an economical method of producing aluminum from bauxite (1863-1914)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Charles_Francis_Hall__Hall (^United States explorer who led three expeditions to the Arctic (1821-1871)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Asaph_Hall__Hall (^United States astronomer who discovered Phobos and Deimos (the two satellites of Mars) (1829-1907)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#William_John_Clifton_Haley_Jr.__Haley__Bill_Haley (^United States rock singer who was one of the first to popularize rock'n'roll music (1925-1981)^)
   ^  #rock_star;


#Alex_Haley__Haley (^United States Black writer who wrote a fictionalized account of tracing his family roots back to Africa (1921-1992)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jacques_Francois_Fromental_Elie_Halevy__Halevy__Fromental_Halevy (^French operatic composer (1799-1862)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Nathan_Hale__Hale (^American Revolutionary soldier hanged as a spy by the British; his last words were supposed to have been "I only regret that I have but one life to give for my country" (1755-1776)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#George_Ellery_Hale__Hale (^United States astronomer who discovered that sunspots are associated with strong magnetic fields (1868-1938)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Edward_Everett_Hale__Hale (^prolific United States writer (1822-1909)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Burdon_Sanderson_Haldane__Haldane__J._B._S._Haldane (^Scottish geneticist (son of John Haldane) who contributed to the development of population genetics; a popularizer of science and a Marxist (1892-1964)^)
   ^  #geneticist;


#John_Scott_Haldane__Haldane__John_Haldane (^Scottish physiologist and brother of Richard Haldane and Elizabeth Haldane; noted for research into industrial diseases (1860-1936)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Elizabeth_Sanderson_Haldane__Haldane__Elizabeth_Haldane (^Scottish writer and sister of Richard Haldane and John Haldane (1862-1937)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#First_Viscount_Haldane_of_Cloan__Haldane__Richard_Haldane__Richard_Burdon_Haldane (^Scottish statesman and brother of Elizabeth and John Haldane (1856-1928)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Haile_Selassie__Ras_Tafari_Makonnen__Ras_Tafari (^Emperor of Ethiopia; worshipped by Rastafarians (1892-1975)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Otto_Hahn__Hahn (^German chemist who was co-discoverer with Lise Meitner of nuclear fission (1879-1968)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Hagard__Rider_Haggard__Sir_Henry_Rider_Haggard (^British writer noted for romantic adventure novels (1856-1925)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ernst_Heinrich_Haeckel__Haeckel (^German biologist and philosopher; advocated Darwinism and formulated the theory of recapitulation; was an exponent of materialistic monism (1834-1919)^)
   ^  #biologist  #philosopher;


#Hadrian__Publius_Aelius_Hadrianus__Adrian (^Roman Emperor who was the adoptive son of Trajan; travelled throughout his empire to strengthen its frontiers and encourage learning and architecture; on a visit to Britain in 122 he ordered the construction of Hadrian's Wall (76-138)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Fritz_Haber__Haber (^German chemist noted for the synthetic production of ammonia (1868-1934)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Eleanor_Gwynn__Gwynn__Gywn__Gynne__Nell_Gwynn__Nell_Gywn__Nell_Gwynne__Eleanor_Gwyn__Eleanor_Gwynne (^English comedienne and mistress of Charles II (1650-1687)^)
   ^  #comedienne.comedian;


#Woodrow_Wilson_Guthrie__Guthrie__Woody_Guthrie (^United States folk singer and songwriter (1912-1967)^)
   ^  #folk_singer  #songwriter;


#Johannes_Gutenberg__Gutenberg__Johann_Gutenberg (^German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)^)
   ^  #pressman;


#Gustavus_V (^King of Sweden who kept Sweden neutral during both World Wars (1858-1950)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Gustavus_Adolphus__Gustavus__Gustavus_II (^King of Sweden whose victories in battle made Sweden a European power; his domestic reforms made Sweden a modern state; in 1630 he intervened on the Protestant side of the Thirty Years' War and was killed in the battle of Lutzen (1594-1632)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Gustavus_I__Gustavus (^King of Sweden who established Lutheranism as the state religion (1496-1560)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Sir_Alec_Guinness__Guinness__Alec_Guinness (^English stage and screen actor noted for versatility (1914-2000)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Solomon_Guggenheim__Guggenheim (^United States philanthropist; son of Meyer Guggenheim who created several foundation to support the arts (1861-1949)^)
   ^  #philanthropist;


#Meyer_Guggenheim__Guggenheim (^United States industrialist (born in Switzerland) who with his sons established vast mining and metal processing companies (1828-1905)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Ernesto_Guevara_de_la_Serna__Guevara__Che_Guevara (^Argentine guerrilla leader who played an important role in the Cuban revolution under Fidel Castro (1928-1967)^)
   ^  #guerrilla  #revolutionist;


#Edgar_Albert_Guest__Guest__Edgar_Guest (^United States journalist (born in England) noted for his syndicated homey verse (1881-1959)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Guinevere__Guenevere (^(Arthurian legend) wife of King Arthur; in some versions of the legend she became Lancelot's lover and that led to the end of the Knights of the Round Table^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Guiseppe_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius (^Italian violin maker and grandson of Andrea Guarneri (1687?-1745)^)
   ^  #violin_maker;


#Andrea_Guarneri__Guarneri__Guarnieri__Guarnerius (^founder of a family of Italian violin makers (1626?-1698)^)
   ^  #violin_maker;


#Leslie_Richard_Groves__Groves (^United States general who served as military director of the atomic bomb project (1896-1970)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Walter_Gropius__Gropius (^a United States architect (born in Germany) and founder of the Bauhaus school (1883-1969)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Andrei_Andreyevich_Gromyko__Gromyko__Andrei_Gromyko (^Soviet ambassador to the United States and to the United Nations (1909-1989)^)
   ^  #embassador;


#Jaun_Gris__Gris (^Spanish cubist painter (1887-1927)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Wilhelm_Karl_Grimm__Grimm (^the younger of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories (1786-1859)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jakob_Ludwig_Karl_Grimm__Grimm (^the older of the two Grimm brothers remembered best for their fairy stories; also author of Grimm's Law describing consonant changes in Germanic languages (1785-1863)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #linguist;


#David_Lewelyn_Wark_Griffith__Griffith__D._W._Griffith (^United States film maker who was the first to use flashbacks and fade-outs (1875-1948)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Edvard_hagerup_Grieg__Grieg__Edvard_Grieg (^Norwegian composer whose work was often inspired by Norwegian folk music (1843-1907)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Zane_Grey__Grey (^United States writer of western adventure novels (1875-1939)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Second_Earl_Grey__Grey__Charles_Grey (^Englishman who as Prime minister implemented social reforms including the abolition of slavery throughout the British Empire (1764-1845)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Wayne_Gretzky__Gretzky (^high-scoring Canadian ice-hockey player (born in 1961)^)
   ^  #ice-hockey_player;


#Sir_Thomas_Gresham__Gresham (^English financier (1519-1579)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Gregory_XIII__Gregory__Ugo_Buoncompagni (^the pope who sponsored the introduction of the modern calendar (1572-1585)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Gregory_VII__Gregory__Hildebrand (^the pope who fought to establish the supremacy of the pope over the Church and the supremacy of the Church over the state (1020-1085)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Gregory_the_Great__Gregory__Gregory_I__Saint_Gregory_I__St_Gregory_I (^the pope for whom Gregorian chants were named (circa 540-604)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Henry_Graham_Greene__Greene__Graham_Greene (^English Catholic novelist (1904-1991)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Green__Green (^United States labor leader who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1924 to 1952 and who led the struggle with the Congress of Industrial Organizations (1873-1952)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Horace_Greeley__Greeley (^United States journalist with political ambitions (1811-1872)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Thomas_Gray__Gray (^English poet best known for his elegy written in a country church-yard (1716-1771)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Robert_Gray__Gray (^American navigator who twice circumnavigated the globe and who discovered the Columbia River (1755-1806)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Asa_Gray__Gray (^United States botanist who specialized in North American flora and who was an early supporter of Darwin's theories of evolution (1810-1888)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Robert_Ranke_Graves__Graves__Robert_Graves (^English writer known for his interest in mythology and in the classics (1895-1985)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Gunter_Wilhelm_Grass__Grass__Gunter_Grass (^German writer of novels and poetry and plays (born 1927)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Stephane_Grappelli__Grappelli (^French jazz violinist (1908-1997)^)
   ^  #violinist;


#Harley_Granville-Barker__Granville-Barker (^English actor and dramatist and critic and director noted for his productions of Shakespearean plays (1877-1946)^)
   ^  #histrion  #dramatist  #critic  #theater_director  #theatrical_producer;


#Cary_Grant__Grant (^United States actor (born in England) who was the elegant leading man in many films (1904-1986)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Ulysses_Simpson_Grant__Grant__Ulysses_Grant__Ulysses_S._Grant__Hiram_Ulysses_Grant__President_Grant (^18th President of the United States; commander of the Union armies in the American Civil War (1822-1885)^)
   ^  #full_general  #President_of_the_United_States;


#George_Percy_Aldridge_Grainger__Grainger__Percy_Grainger (^United States composer (born in Australia) who lived in London and collected English folk songs (1882-1961)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Kenneth_Grahame__Grahame (^English writer (born in Scotland) of children's stories (1859-1932)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Franklin_Graham__Graham__Billy_Graham (^United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #evangelist;


#Martha_Graham__Graham (^United States dancer and choreographer whose work was noted for its austerity and technical rigor (1893-1991)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Stephanie_Graf__Graf__Steffi_Graf (^German tennis player who won seven women's singles titles at Wimbledon (born in 1969)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Francisco_Jose_de_Goya_y_Lucientes__Goya__Francisco_Goya__Francisco_de_Goya__Francisco_Jose_de_Goya (^Spanish painter best known for his portraits (1746-1828)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Charles_Francois_Gounod__Gounod (^French composer (1818-1893)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Stephen_Jay_Gould__Gould (^United States paleontologist and popularizer of science (born in 1941)^)
   ^  #paleontologist;


#Jay_Gould__Gould (^United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Maksim_Gorky__Gorky__Gorki__Maxim_Gorki__Aleksey_Maksimovich_Peshkov__Aleksey_Maximovich_Peshkov (^Russian writer of plays and novels and short stories; noted for his depiction of social outcasts^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Hermann_Wilhelm_Goring__Goring__Goering__Hermann_Goring__Hermann_Goering__Hermann_Wilhaelm_Goering (^German Nazi politician who founded the Gestapo and mobilized Germany for war (1893-1946)^)
   ^  #Nazi;


#William_Crawford_Gorgas__Gorgas (^United States Army surgeon who suppressed yellow fever in Havana and in the Panama Canal Zone (1854-1920)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon;


#Albert_Gore_Jr.__Gore__Al_Gore (^Vice President of the United States under Bill Clinton (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #vice_president;


#Gordius (^legendary king of ancient Phrygia who was said to be responsible for the Gordian knot^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Nadine_Gordimer__Gordimer (^South African novelist and short-story writer whose work describes the effects of apartheid (born in 1923)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Mikhail_Sergeyevich_Gorbachev__Gorbachev__Mikhail_Gorbachev (^Soviet statesman whose foreign policy brought an end to the Cold War and whose domestic policy introduced major reforms (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Charles_Goodyear__Goodyear (^United States inventor of vulcanized rubber (1800-1860)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Benjamin_David_Goodman__Goodman__Benny_Goodman__the_King_of_Swing (^United States clarinetist who in 1934 formed a big band (including Black as well as White musicians) and introduced a kind of jazz known as swing (1909-1986)^)
   ^  #clarinetist  #bandleader;


#Jane_Goodall__Goodall (^English zoologist noted for her studies of chimpanzees in the wild (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #zoologist;


#Maud_Gonne__Gonne (^Irish patriot and a founder of the Sinn Fein (1865-1953)^)
   ^  #patriot;


#Jules_Alfred_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Jules_de_Goncourt (^French writer who collaborated with his brother Edmond de Goncourt on many books (1830-1870)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edmond_Louis_Antoine_Huot_de_Goncourt__Goncourt__Edmond_de_Goncourt (^French writer who collaborated with his brother Jules de Goncourt on many books and who in his will established the Prix Goncourt (1822-1896)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Samuel_Gompers__Gompers (^United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Goliath (^(Old Testament) a giant Philistine warrior who David slayed with a slingshot^)
   ^  #warrior;


#Camillo_Golgi__Golgi (^Italian histologist noted for work on the structure of the nervous system and for his discovery of Golgi bodies (1844-1926)^)
   ^  #histologist;


#Samuel_Goldwyn__Goldwyn__Sam_Goldwyn (^United States film maker (born in Poland) who founded his own film company and later merged with Louis B. Mayer (1882-1974)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Oliver_Goldsmith__Goldsmith (^Irish writer of novels and poetry and plays and essays (1728-1774)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Carlo_Goldoni__Goldoni (^prolific Italian dramatist (1707-1793)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Peter_Carl_Goldmark__Goldmark__Peter_Goldmark (^United States inventor (born in Hungary) who made the first TV broadcast in 1940 and invented the long-playing record in 1948 and pioneered video cassette recording (1906-1977)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Emma_Goldman__Goldman (^United States anarchist (born in Russia) who opposed conscription; was deported to the Soviet Union in 1919 (1869-1940)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#Sir_William_Gerald_Golding__Golding__William_Golding (^English novelist (1911-1993)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Reuben_Lucius_Goldberg__Goldberg__Rube_Goldberg (^United States cartoonist who drew intricate diagrams of very complicated and impractical contraptions that accomplished little or nothing (1883-1970)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Nikolai_Vasilievich_Gogol__Gogol (^Russian writer who introduced realism to Russian literature (1809-1852)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe__Goethe (^German poet and novelist and dramatist who lived in Weimar (1749-1832)^)
   ^  #poet  #novelist  #dramatist;


#George_Washington_Goethals__Goethals (^United States army officer and engineer who supervised the construction of the Panama Canal (1858-1928)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Paul_Joseph_Goebbels__Goebbels__Joseph_Goebbels (^German Nazi propaganda minister who persecuted the Jews (1897-1945)^)
   ^  #Nazi  #propagandist;


#Boris_Fyodorovich_Godunov__Godunov__Boris_Godunov (^Czar of Russian (1551-1605)^)
   ^  #tsar;


#Lady_Godiva__Godiva (^according to legend she rode naked through Coventry in order to persuade her husband not to tax the townspeople so heavily; the only person to look at her as she rode by was a man named Tom and Peeping Tom has become a synonym for voyeur (circa 1040-1080)^)
   ^  #Lady;


#Robert_Hutchings_Goddard__Goddard (^United States physicist who developed the first successful liquid-fueled rocket (1882-1945)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Jean_Luc_Godard__Godard (^French film maker influenced by surrealism; early work explored the documentary use of film; noted for innovative techniques (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Christoph_Willibald_von_Gluck__Gluck (^German composer of operas (1714-1787)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Mikhail_Ivanovich_Glinka__Glinka (^Russian composer (1804-1857)^)
   ^  #composer;


#John_Herschel_Glenn_Jr.__Glenn__John_Glenn (^made the first orbital rocket-powered flight by a United States astronaut in 1962; later in United States Senate (1921- )^)
   ^  #astronaut  #senator;


#Owen_Glendower__Glendower (^Welsh chieftan who led a revolt against Henry IV's rule in Wales (1359-1416)^)
   ^  #chieftan;


#Donald_Arthur_Glaser__Glaser__Donald_Glaser (^United States physicist who invented the bubble chamber to study subatomic particles (born in 1926)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#William_Ewart_Gladstone__Gladstone__William_Gladstone (^liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Karl_Gjellerup__Gjellerup (^Danish novelist (1857-1919)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Lillian_Gish__Gish (^United States film actress who appeared in films by D. W. Griffith (1896-1993)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Hippolyte_Jean_Giraudoux__Giraudoux__Jean_Giraudoux (^French dramatist (1882-1944)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Stephen_Girard__Girard (^United States financier (born in France) who helped finance the War of 1812 (1750-1831)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Giotto_di_Bondone__Giotto (^Florentine painter who gave up the stiff Byzantine style and developed a more naturalistic style; considered the greatest painter of pre-Renaissance Italy (1267-1337)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Allen_Ginsberg__Ginsberg (^United States poet of the beat generation (1926-1997)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Elizabeth_Merriwether_Gilmer__Gilmer__Dorothy_Dix (^United States journalist who wrote a syndicated column of advice to the lovelorn (1870-1951)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Charlotte_Anna_Perkins_Gilman__Gilman (^United States feminist (1860-1935)^)
   ^  #feminist;


#Gillette__King_Camp_Gilette (^United States inventor and manufacturer who developed the safety razor (1855-1932)^)
   ^  #inventor  #industrialist;


#John_Birks_Gillespie__Gillespie__Dizzy_Gillespie (^United States jazz trumpeter and exponent of bebop (1917-1993)^)
   ^  #cornetist;


#Gilgamesh (^a legendary Sumerian king who was the hero of an epic collection of mythic stories^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#William_Schwenk_Gilbert__Gilbert__William_Gilbert__Sir_William_Gilbert (^a librettist who was a collaborator with Sir Arthur Sullivan in a famous series of comic operettas (1836-1911)^)
   ^  #librettist  #poet;


#William_Gilbert__Gilbert (^English court physician noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1540-1603)^)
   ^  #doc  #physicist;


#Sir_Humphrey_Gilbert__Gilbert__Humphrey_Gilbert (^English navigator who in 1583 established in Newfoundland the first English colony in North America (1539-1583)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Cass_Gilbert__Gilbert (^United States architect who influenced the development of the skyscraper (1859-1934)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Arthur_John_Gielgud__Gielgud__Sir_John_Gielgud (^English Shakespearean actor also noted for appearances in films (1904-2000)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Mel_Columcille_Gerard_Gibson__Gibson__Mel_Gibson (^Australian actor (born in the United States in 1956)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Althea_Gibson__Gibson (^United States tennis player who was the first Black woman player to win all the major world singles titles (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Kahlil_Gibran__Gibran (^United States writer (born in Lebanon) (1883-1931)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Josiah_Willard_Gibbs__Gibbs (^United States chemist (1839-1903)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Edward_Gibbon__Gibbon (^English historian best known for his history of the Roman Empire (1737-1794)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Alberto_Giacometti__Giacometti (^Swiss sculptor and painter (1901-1966)^)
   ^  #sculptor  #painter;


#Konrad_von_Gesner__Gesner (^Swiss naturalist who was one of the founders of modern zoology (1516-1565)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Arnold_Lucius_Gesell__Gesell__Arnold_Gesell (^United States psychologist noted for his work in child development (1880-1961)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Ira_Gershwin__Gershwin (^United States lyricist who frequently collaborated with his brother George Gershwin (1896-1983)^)
   ^  #lyricist;


#George_Gershwin__Gershwin (^United States composer who incorporated jazz into classical forms and composed scores for musical comedies (1898-1937)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Geronimo (^Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Apache;


#Sir_Geraint__Geraint (^(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table^)
   ^  #knight;


#Saint_George__George__St_George (^Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)^)
   ^  #martyr;


#George_IV (^King of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 1820 to 1830; his attempt to divorce his estranged wife undermined the prestige of the crown (1762-1830)^)
   ^  #King_of_England  #Hanoverian;


#George_III (^King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1760 to 1820; the American colonies were lost during his reign; he became insane in 1811 and his son (later George IV) acted as regent until 1820 (1738-1820)^)
   ^  #King_of_England  #Hanoverian;


#George_II (^King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover from 1727 to 1760 (1683-1760)^)
   ^  #King_of_England  #Hanoverian;


#George_I (^Elector of Hanover and the first Hanoverian King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1714 to 1727 (1660-1727)^)
   ^  #King_of_England  #Hanoverian;


#Geoffrey_of_Monmouth (^Welsh chronicler who wrote and account of the kings of Britain which is now believed to contain little historical fact but it is a source of the Arthurian legend (circa 1100-1154)^)
   ^  #chronicler;


#Genseric__Gaiseric (^king of the Vandals who seized Roman lands and invaded North Africa and sacked Rome (428-477)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Genghis_Khan__Jinghis_Khan__Jenghiz_Khan (^Mongol Emperor whose empire stretched from the Black Sea to the Pacific Ocean (1162-1227)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Edmund_Charles_Edouard_Genet__Genet__Citizen_Genet (^French diplomat who in 1793 tried to draw the United States into the war between France and England (1763-1834)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Jean_Genet__Genet (^French writer of novels and dramas (1910-1986)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Murray_Gell-Mann__Gell-Mann (^United States physicist noted for his studies of subatomic particles (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Theodor_Seuss_Geisel__Geisel__Dr._Seuss (^United States writer of children's books (1904-1991)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Hans_Geiger__Geiger (^German physicist who developed the Geiger counter (1882-1945)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Henry_Louis_Gehrig__Gehrig__Lou_Gehrig (^baseball player with the New York Yankees; died of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1903-1941)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac__Gay-Lussac (^French chemist and physicist who first isolated boron and who formulated the law describing the behavior of gases under constant pressure (1778-1850)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Sir_Gawain__Gawain (^(Arthurian legend) a nephew of Arthur and one of the knights of the Round Table^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Karl_Friedrich_Gauss__Gauss__Karl_Gauss (^German mathematician who developed the theory of numbers and who applied mathematics to electricity and magnetism and astronomy and geodesy (1777-1855)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Paul_Gauguin__Gauguin (^French post-impressionist painter who worked in the South Pacific (1848-1903)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Antonio_Gaudi__Gaudi (^Spanish architect who was a leading exponent of art nouveau in Europe (1852-1926)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Richard_Jordan_Gatling__Gatling (^United States inventor of the first rapid firing gun (1818-1903)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#William_Henry_Gates__Gates__Bill_Gates (^United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)^)
   ^  #computer_scientist  #entrepreneur;


#Elizabeth_Cleghorn_Stevenson_Gaskell__Gaskell__Elizabeth_Gaskell (^English writer who is remembered for her biography of Charlotte Bronte (1810-1865)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Lloyd_Garrison__Garrison (^United States abolitionist who published an anti-slavery journal (1805-1879)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#David_Garrick__Garrick (^English actor and theater manager who was the foremost Shakespearean actor of his day (1717-1779)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Judy_Garland__Garland (^United States singer and film actress (1922-1969)^)
   ^  #singer  #actress;


#Giuseppe_Garibaldi__Garibaldi (^Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882)^)
   ^  #full_general  #patriot;


#James_Abraham_Garfield__Garfield__James_Garfield__James_A._Garfield__President_Garfield (^20th President of the United States; assassinated by a frustrated office-seeker (1831-1881)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Isabella_Stewart_Gardner__Gardner (^United States collector and patron of art who built a museum in Boston to house her collection and opened it to the public in 1903 (1840-1924)^)
   ^  #accumulator;


#Erle_Stanley_Gardner__Gardner (^writer of detective novels featuring Perry Mason (1889-1970)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Samuel_Rawson_Gardiner__Gardiner (^British historian remembered for his ten-volume history of England (1829-1902)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Frederico_Garcia_Lorca__Garcia_Lorca__Lorca (^Spanish poet and dramatist (1898-1936)^)
   ^  #poet  #dramatist;


#Greta_Garbo__Garbo__Greta_Louisa_Gustafsson (^United States film actress (born in Sweden) known for her reclusiveness (1905-1990)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Indira_Nehru_Gandhi__Gandhi__Indira_Gandhi__Mrs._Gandhi (^daughter of Nehru who served as Prime Minister of India from 1966 to 1977 (1917-1984)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhi__Gandhi__Mahatma_Gandhi (^political and spiritual leader during India's struggle with Great Britain for home rule; an advocate of passive resistance (1869-1948)^)
   ^  #nationalist_leader  #spiritual_leader;


#George_Gamow__Gamow (^United States physicist (born in Russia) who was a proponent of the big-bang theory and who did research in radioactivity and suggested the triplet code for DNA (1904-1968)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Luigi_Galvani__Galvani (^Italian physiologist noted for his discovery that frogs' muscles contracted in an electric field (which led to the galvanic cell) (1737-1798)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Sir_Francis_Galton__Galton__Francis_Galton (^English scientist (cousin of Charles Darwin) who explored many fields: heredity, meteorology, statistics, psychology, anthropology; founder of eugenics and first to use fingerprints for identification (1822-1911)^)
   ^  #scientist;


#John_Galsworthy__Galsworthy (^English novelist (1867-1933)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Evariste_Galois__Galois (^French mathematician who described the conditions for solving polynomial equations; was killed in a duel at the age of 21 (1811-1832)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet__Gallaudet (^United States educator who established the first free school in the United States for the hearing impaired (1787-1851)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Galileo_Galilei__Galileo (^Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars; demonstrated that different weights descend at the same rate; perfected the refracting telescope that enabled him to make many discoveries (1564-1642)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Galen (^Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance (circa 130-200)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#John_Kenneth_Galbraith__Galbraith__John_Galbraith (^United States economist (born in Canada) who served as ambassador to India (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #economist  #diplomatist;


#Sir_Galahad__Galahad (^(Arthurian legend) the most virtuous knight of the Round Table; was able to see the Holy Grail^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Thomas_Gainsborough__Gainsborough (^English portrait and landscape painter (1727-1788)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Yuri_Alekseyevich_Gagarin__Gagarin__Yuri_Gagarin (^Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 was the first person to travel in space (1934-1968)^)
   ^  #astronaut;


#Emile_Gaboriau__Gaboriau (^French writer considered by some to be a founder of the detective novel (1832-1873)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Dennis_Gabor__Gabor (^British physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on holography (1900-1979)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#William_Clark_Gable__Gable__Clark_Gable (^United States film actor (1901-1960)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Casimir_Funk__Funk (^United States biochemist (born in Poland) who showed that several diseases were caused by dietary deficiencies and who coined the term `vitamin' for the chemicals involved (1884-1967)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#Robert_Fulton__Fulton (^American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Richard_Buckminster_Fuller__Fuller__Buckminster_Fuller__R._Buckminster_Fuller (^United States architect who invented the geodesic dome (1895-1983)^)
   ^  #architect;


#James_William_Fulbright__Fulbright__William_Fulbright (^United States senator who is remembered for his creation of grants that fund exchange programs of teachers and students between the United States and other countries (1905-1995)^)
   ^  #senator;


#Carlos_Fuentes__Fuentes (^Mexican novelist (born in 1928)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Emil_Klaus_Julius_Fuchs__Fuchs__Klaus_Fuchs (^British physicist who was born in Germany and fled Nazi persecution; in the 1940s he passed secret information to the USSR about the development of the atom bomb in the United States (1911-1988)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Herman_Northrop_Frye__Frye__Northrop_Frye (^Canadian literary critic interested in the use of myth and symbolism (1912-1991)^)
   ^  #literary_critic;


#Christopher_Fry__Fry (^English dramatist noted for his comic verse dramas (born 1907)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Robert_Lee_Frost__Frost__Robert_Frost (^American poet famous for his lyrical poems on country life in New England (1874-1963)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Friedrich_Wilhelm_August_Froebel__Froebel__Friedrich_Froebel (^German educator who founded the kindergarten system (1782-1852)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Sir_Martin_Frobisher__Frobisher (^English explorer who led an expedition in search of the Northwest Passage to the orient; served under Drake and helped defeat the Spanish Armada (1535-1594)^)
   ^  #explorer  #navigator;


#Otto_Robert_Frisch__Frisch__Otto_Frisch (^British physicist (born in Austria) who with Lise Meitner recognized that Otto Hahn had produced a new kind of nuclear reaction which they named nuclear fission; Frisch described the explosive potential of a chain nuclear reaction (1904-1979)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Ragnar_Anton_Kittil_Frisch__Frisch__Ragnar_Frisch (^Norwegian economist noted for his work in econometrics (1895-1973)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Karl_von_Frisch__Frisch (^Austrian zoologist noted for his studies of honeybees (1886-1982)^)
   ^  #zoologist;


#Milton_Friedman__Friedman (^United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born 1912)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Betty_Naomi_Friedan__Friedan__Betty_Friedan (^United States feminist who founded a national organization for women (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #feminist;


#Henry_Clay_Frick__Frick (^United States industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry (1849-1919)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Sigmund_Freud__Freud (^Austrian neurologist who originated psychoanalysis (1856-1939)^)
   ^  #neurologist  #psychoanalyst;


#Augustin_Jean_Fresnel__Fresnel (^French physicist who invented polarized light and invented the Fresnel lens (1788-1827)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Daniel_Chester_French__French (^United States sculptor who created the seated marble figure of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. (1850-1931)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#John_Charles_Fremont__Fremont__John_C._Fremont (^United States explorer who mapped much of the American west and northwest (1813-1890)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Frederick_the_Great__Frederick_II (^king of Prussia from 1740 to 1786; brought Prussia military prestige by winning the War of the Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War (1712-1786)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Frederick_II (^Holy Roman Emperor; led the Sixth Crusade and crowned himself king of Jerusalem (1194-1250)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Frederick_Barbarossa__Frederick_I__Barbarossa (^Holy Roman Emperor from 1152 to 1190; conceded supremacy to the pope; drowned leading the Third Crusade (1123-1190)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Sir_James_George_Frazer__Frazer__James_George_Frazer (^English social anthropologist noted for studies of primitive religion and magic (1854-1941)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#John_Hope_Franklin__Franklin (^United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Benjamin_Franklin__Franklin (^printer whose success as an author led him to take up politics; he helped draw up the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution; he played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists; as a scientist he is remembered particularly for his research in electricity (1706-1790)^)
   ^  #pressman  #professional_writer  #American_Revolutionary_leader  #scientist;


#Francisco_Franco__Franco__El_Caudillo (^Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975)^)
   ^  #full_general  #dictator;


#James_Franck__Franck (^United States physicist (born in Germany) who with Gustav Hertz performed an electron scattering experiment that proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Niels Bohr (1882-1964)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Saint_Francis_of_Assisi__Francis_of_Assisi__St_Francis_of_Assisi__Saint_Francis__St_Francis__Giovanni_di_Bernardone (^Italian Roman Catholic monk who founded the Franciscan order of friars (1181-1226)^)
   ^  #saint;


#Francis_Joseph_I__Francis_Joseph__Franz_Joseph__Franz_Josef_I (^Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary; was defeated by Napoleon III at the battle of Magenta (1830-1916)^)
   ^  #Emperor;


#Francis_Ferdinand__Franz_Ferdinand (^Archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I; his assassination triggered the outbreak of World War II (1863-1914)^)
   ^  #Archduke;


#Emperor_Francis_II__Francis_II (^the last Holy Roman Emperor (1768-1835)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Anatole_France__France__Jacques_Anatole_Francois_Thibault (^French writer of sophisticated novels and short stories (1844-1924)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jean_Honore_Fragonard__Fragonard (^French artist whose rococo paintings typified the frivolity of life in the royal court of France in the 18th century (1732-1806)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Charles_James_Fox__Fox (^English statesman who supported American independence and the French Revolution (1749-1806)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#George_Fox__Fox (^English religious leader who founded the Society of Friends (1624-1691)^)
   ^  #religionist;


#Henry_Watson_Fowler__Fowler (^English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Baron_Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier__Fourier__Jean_Baptiste_Joseph_Fourier (^French mathematician who developed Fourier analysis and studied the conduction of heat (1768-1830)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #physicist;


#Francois_Marie_Charles_Fourier__Fourier__Charles_Fourier (^French sociologist and reformer who hoped to achieve universal harmony by reorganizing society (1772-1837)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Jean_Bernard_Leon_Foucault__Foucault (^French physicist who determined the speed of light and showed that it travels slower in water than in air; invented the Foucault pendulum and the gyroscope (1819-1868)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Stephen_Collins_Foster__Foster__Stephen_Foster (^United States songwriter whose songs embody the sentiment of the South before the American Civil War (1826-1864)^)
   ^  #songwriter;


#Cecil_Scott_Forester__Forester__C._S._Forester (^English writer of adventure novels featuring Captain Horatio Hornblower (1899-1966)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Ford__Ford (^United States film maker (1896-1973)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Henry_Ford_II__Ford (^grandson of Henry Ford (1917-1987)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Edsel_Bryant_Ford__Ford (^son of Henry Ford (1893-1943)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Ford_Hermann_Hueffer__Ford__Ford_Madox_Ford (^English writer and editor (1873-1939)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Gerald_Rudolph_Ford__Ford__Gerald_Ford__Gerald_R._Ford__President_Ford (^38th President of the United States; appointed Vice President and succeeded Nixon when Nixon resigned (1913- )^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Henry_Ford__Ford (^American manufacturer of automobiles who pioneered mass production (1863-1947)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Dame_Margot_Fonteyn__Fonteyn (^English dancer who danced with Rudolf Nureyev (born in 1919)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Lynn_Fontanne__Fontanne (^United States actress (born in England) who married Alfred Lunt and performed with him in many plays (1887-1983)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Jane_Fonda__Fonda (^United States Film actress and daughter of Henry Fonda (born in 1937)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Henry_Fonda__Fonda (^United States film actor (1905-1982)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Paul_John_Flory__Flory (^United States chemist who developed methods for studying long-chain molecules (1910-1985)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#John_Florio__Florio (^English lexicographer remembered for his Italian and English dictionary (1553-1625)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Sir_Howard_Walter_Florey__Florey__Howard_Florey (^British pathologist who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1898-1968)^)
   ^  #diagnostician;


#Sir_Matthew_Flinders__Flinders__Matthew_Flinders (^British explorer who mapped the Australian coast (1774-1814)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Ian_Lancaster_Fleming__Fleming__Ian_Fleming (^British writer famous for writing spy novels about secret agent James Bond (1908-1964)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Alexander_Fleming__Fleming__Alexander_Fleming (^English bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1881-1955)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Gustave_Flaubert__Flaubert (^French writer of novels and short stories (1821-1880)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Flaminius__Gaius_Falminius (^Roman statesman and general who built the Flaminian Way; died when he was defeated by Hannibal (died 217 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Edward_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald (^English poet remembered primarily for his free translation of the poetry of Omar Khayyam (1809-1883)^)
   ^  #poet  #interpreter.mediator;


#Francis_Scott_Key_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald__F._Scott_Fitzgerald (^United States novelist (1896-1940)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ella_Fitzgerald__Fitzgerald (^United States scat singer (born in 1918)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Hans_Fischer__Fischer (^German chemist noted for his synthesis of hemin (1881-1945)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Emil_Hermann_Fischer__Fischer (^German chemist noted for work on synthetic sugars and the purines (1852-1919)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Robert_James_Fischer__Fischer__Bobby_Fischer (^United States chess master; world champion from 1972 to 1975 (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #chess_master;


#John_Rupert_Firth__Firth__J._R._Firth (^English linguist who contributed to linguistic semantics and to prosodic phonology and who was noted for his insistence on studying both sound and meaning in context (1890-1960)^)
   ^  #linguist;


#Vigdis_Finnbogadottir__Finnbogadottir (^President of Ireland; first woman to be democratically elected head of state (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #president.head_of_state;


#President_Fillmore__Fillmore__Millard_Fillmore (^elected Vice President and became the 13th President of the United States when Zachary Taylor died in office (1800-1874)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#W._C._Fields__Fields__William_Claude_Dukenfield (^United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)^)
   ^  #comic;


#Henry_Fielding__Fielding (^English novelist and dramatist (1707-1754)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Arthur_Fiedler__Fiedler (^popular United States conductor (1894-1979)^)
   ^  #music_director;


#Richard_Phillips_Feynman__Feynman__Richard_Feynman (^American physicist who contributed to the theory of the interaction of photons and electrons (1918-1988)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Enrico_Fermi__Fermi (^Italian nuclear physicist (in the United States after 1939) who worked on artificial radioactivity caused by neutron bombardment and who headed the group that in 1942 produced the first controlled nuclear reaction (1901-1954)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Pierre_de_Fermat__Fermat (^French mathematician who founded number theory; contributed (with Pascal) to the theory of probability (1601-1665)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Ferdinand_V__Ferdinand_the_Catholic (^King of Castile and Leon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella I; his marriage to Isabella I marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain (1452-1516)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Ferdinand_III (^Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia who signed the Peace of Westphalia ending the Thirty Years' War (1608-1657)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Ferdinand_II (^Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia and Hungary who waged war against Protestant forces (1578-1637)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Ferdinand_I (^Holy Roman Emperor and king of Hungary and Bohemia (1503-1564)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor;


#Ferdinand_the_Great__Ferdinand_I (^King of Castile and Leon who achieved control of the Moorish kings of Saragossa and Seville and Toledo (1016-1065)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Edna_Ferber__Ferber (^United States novelist; author of several popular novels (1887-1968)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jules_Feifer__Feifer (^United States cartoonist who created a sarcastic comic strip (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #cartoonist;


#Gustav_Theodor_Fechner__Fechner (^German physicist who derived Fechner's Law on the basis of early work by E. H. Weber (1801-1887)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Guy_Fawkes__Fawkes (^English conspirator who was executed for his role in a plot to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament (1570-1606)^)
   ^  #conspirator;


#William_Cuthbert_Faulkner__Faulkner__William_Faulkner__Falkner__William_Falkner (^United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Fatima__Fatimah (^youngest daughter of the prophet Mohammed and wife of the fourth calif Ali; revered especially by Shiite Muslims (606-632)^)
   ^  #Muslim;


#James_Thomas_Farrell__Farrell (^United States writer remembered for his novels (1904-1979)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Eileen_Farrell__Farrell (^United States operatic soprano noted for the clarity and power of her voice (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #soprano;


#David_Glasgow_Farragut__Farragut (^American admiral who commanded Union ships during the American Civil War (1801-1870)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Farouk_I__Faruk_I (^King of Egypt who in 1952 was ousted by a military coup d'etat (1920-1965)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#James_Leonard_Farmer__Farmer (^United States civil rights leader who in 1942 founded the Congress of Racial Equality (born in 1920)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#Fannie_Merritt_Farmer__Farmer__Fannie_Farmer (^an expert on cooking whose cookbook has undergone many editions (1857-1915)^)
   ^  #cook;


#Michael_Faraday__Faraday (^the English physicist nd chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Etienne-Louis_Arthur_Fallot__Fallot (^French physician who described cardiac anomalies including Fallot's tetralogy (1850-1911)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Faisal_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Faisal (^King of Saudi Arabia from 1964 to 1975 (1906-1975)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Douglas_Fairbanks_Jr.__Fairbanks (^United States film actor; son of Douglas Elton Fairbanks, (1909-2000)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Douglas_Elton_Fairbanks__Fairbanks__Douglas_Fairbanks__Julius_Ullman (^United States film actor noted for his swashbuckling roles (1883-1939)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Gabriel_Daniel_Fahrenheit__Fahrenheit (^German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Fahd_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Fahd (^King of Saudi Arabia since 1982 (born in 1922)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Peter_Carl_Faberge__Faberge (^Russian goldsmith noted for creating a series of jeweled and enameled Easter eggs for European royalty (1846-1920)^)
   ^  #goldsmith;


#Jan_van_Eyck__Eyck__van_Eyck (^Flemish painter who was a founder of the Flemish school of painting and to have pioneered modern techniques of oil painting (1390-1441)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Christine_Marie_Evert__Evert__Chris_Evert__Chrissie_Evert (^United States tennis player who won women's singles titles in the United States and at Wimbledon (born in 1954)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Medgar_Wiley_Evers__Evers__Medgar_Evers (^American civil rights worker in Mississippi; was killed by a sniper (1925-1963)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#Herbert_McLean_Evans__Evans (^United States anatomist who identified four pituitary hormones and discovered vitamin E (1882-1971)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#Sir_Arthur_John_Evans__Evans__Arthur_Evans (^British archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in Crete to find what he called Minoan civilization (1851-1941)^)
   ^  #archeologist;


#Bartolommeo_Eustachio__Eustachio (^Italian anatomist who was one of the fathers of modern anatomy; noted for descriptions of the ear and the heart (1520-1574)^)
   ^  #anatomist;


#Euripides (^one of the greatest tragic dramatists of ancient Greece (480-406 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Leonhard_Euler__Euler (^Swiss mathematician (1707-1783)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Prince_Eugene_of_Savoy__Eugene (^Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Euclid (^Greek geometer (3rd century BC)^)
   ^  #geometer;


#Ethelred_the_Unready__Ethelred__Ethelred_II (^king of the English who succeeded to the throne after his half-brother Saint Edward the Martyr was murdered; he struggled unsuccessfully against the invading Danes (969-1016)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Ethelred_I__Ethelred (^king of Wessex and Kent and elder brother of Alfred; Alfred joined Ethelred's battle against the invading Danes and succeeded him on his death (died in 871)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Ethelbert (^Anglo-Saxon king of Kent who was converted to Christianity by Saint Augustine; codified English law (552-616)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Esther.Jewess (^(Old Testament) a beautiful Jewess chosen by the king of Persia to be his queen; she stopped a plot to massacre all the Jews in Persia (an event celebrated by Jews as the feast of Purim)^)
   ^  #Jewess  #queen;


#Esau (^(Old Testament) the eldest son of Isaac who would have inherited the Covenant that God made with Abraham and that Abraham passed on to Isaac; he traded his birthright to his twin brother Jacob for a mess of pottage^)
   ^  #son;


#Leo_Esaki__Esaki (^physicist honored for advances in solid state electronics (born in Japan in 1925)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Julius_Winfield_Erving__Erving__Julius_Erving__Dr._J (^United States basketball forward (born in 1950)^)
   ^  #forward.basketball_player;


#Max_Ernst__Ernst (^painter (born in Germany, resident of France and the United States) who was a cofounder of Dadaism; developed the technique of collage (1891-1976)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Eratosthenes (^Greek mathematician and astronomer who estimated the circumference of the earth and the distances to the moon and sun (276-194 BC)^)
   ^  #astronomer  #mathematician;


#Desiderius_Erasmus__Erasmus__Gerhard_Gerhards__Geert_Geerts (^Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who attacked the theology of Martin Luther (1466-1536)^)
   ^  #scholarly_person;


#Sir_Jacob_Epstein__Epstein__Jacob_Epstein (^British sculptor (born in the United States) noted for busts and large controversial works (1880-1959)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Epicurus (^Greek philosopher who believed that the world is a random combination of atoms and that pleasure is the highest good (341-270 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Friedrich_Engels__Engels (^socialist who wrote The Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx in 1848 (1820-1895)^)
   ^  #socialist;


#Georges_Enesco__Enesco__George_Enescu (^Romanian violinist and composer (1881-1955)^)
   ^  #violinist  #composer;


#John_Endecott__Endecott__Endicott__John_Endicott (^founder in 1629 of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1588-1665)^)
   ^  #colonist;


#Empedocles (^Greek philosopher who taught that all matter is composed of particles of fire and water and air and earth (fifth century BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Ralph_Waldo_Emerson__Emerson (^United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edward_Kennedy_Ellington__Ellington__Duke_Ellington (^United States jazz composer and piano player and bandleader (1899-1974)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Thomas_Stearns_Eliot__Eliot__T._S._Eliot (^British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature (1888-1965)^)
   ^  #poet;


#George_Eliot__Eliot__Mary_Ann_Evans (^British writer of novels characterized by realistic analysis of provincial Victorian society (1819-1880)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Elijah (^a Hebrew prophet in the Old Testament who opposed the worship of idols; he was persecuted for rebuking Ahab and Jezebel (king and queen of Israel); he was taken up to heaven in a chariot of fire (circa 9th century BC)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#El_Greco__Greco__Domenikos_Theotocopoulos (^Spanish painter (born in Greece) remembered for his religious works characterized by elongated human forms and dramatic use of color (1541-1614)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Sir_Edward_Elgar__Elgar (^British composer (1857-1934)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Eleanor_of_Aquitaine (^Queen of France as the wife of Louis VII; that marriage was annulled in 1152 and she then married Henry II and became Queen of England (1122-1204)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Vagn_Walfrid_Ekman__Ekman (^Swedish oceanographer who recognized the role of the Coriolis effect on ocean currents (1874-1954)^)
   ^  #oceanographer;


#Sergei_Mikhailovich_Eisenstein__Eisenstein__Sergei_Eisenstein (^Russian film maker who pioneered the use of montage and is considered among the most influential film makers in the history of motion pictures (1898-1948)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Alfred_Eisenstaedt__Eisenstaedt (^United States photographer (born in Germany) whose unposed documentary photographs created photojournalism (born in 1898)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#Dwight_David_Eisenhower__Eisenhower__Dwight_Eisenhower__Dwight_D._Eisenhower__Ike__President_Eisenhower (^as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force he supervised the invasion of Normandy and the defeat of Nazi Germany; 34th President of the United States (1890-1961)^)
   ^  #full_general  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Willem_Einthoven__Einthoven (^Dutch physiologist who devised the first electrocardiograph (1860-1927)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Albert_Einstein__Einstein (^physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Christiaan_Eijkman__Eijkman (^Dutch physician who discovered that beriberi is caused by a nutritional deficiency (1858-1930)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Manfred_Eigen__Eigen (^German chemist who did research on high-speed chemical reactions (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Alexandre_Gustave_Eiffel__Eiffel (^French engineer who constructed the Eiffel Tower (1832-1923)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Karl_Adolf_Eichmann__Eichmann__Adolf_Eichmann (^Austrian who became the Nazi official who administered the concentration camps where millions of Jews were murdered during World War II (1906-1962)^)
   ^  #Nazi;


#Paul_Ehrlich__Ehrlich (^German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet' to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915)^)
   ^  #bacteriologist;


#Ilya_Grigorievich_Ehrenberg__Ehrenberg__Ilya_Ehrenberg (^Russian novelist (1891-1967)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Egbert (^king of Wessex whose military victories made Wessex the most powerful kingdom in England (died in 839)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Edwy__Eadwig (^King of England who was renounced by Northumbria in favor of his brother Edgar (died in 959)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edwin (^king of Northumbria who was converted to Christianity (585-633)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Saint_Edward_the_Martyr__Edward_the_Martyr__St_Edward_the_Martyr (^King of England who was a son of Edgar; he was challenged for the throne by supporters of his half-brother Ethelred II who eventually murdered him (963-978)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_the_Elder (^king of Wessex whose military success against the Danes made it possible for his son Athelstan to become the first king of all England (870-924)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Saint_Edward_the_Confessor__Edward_the_Confessor__St_Edward_the_Confessor (^son of Ethelred the Unready; King of England from 1042 to 1066; he founded Westminster Abbey where he was eventually buried (1003-1066)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Jonathan_Edwards__Edwards (^American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Edward_VI (^King of England and Ireland from 1547 to 1553; son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour; died of tuberculosis (1537-1553)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_V (^King of England who was crowned at the age of 13 on the death of his father Edward IV but was immediately confined to the Tower of London where he and his younger brother were murdered (1470-1483)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_IV (^King of England from 1461 to 1470 and from 1471 to 1483; was dethroned in 1470 but regained the throne in 1471 by his victory at the battle of Tewkesbury (1442-1483)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_III (^son of Edward II and King of England from 1327-1377; his claim to the French throne provoked the Hundred Years' War; his reign was marked by an epidemic of the Black Plague and by the emergence of the Commons as the powerful arm of Parliament (1312-1377)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_II (^King of England from 1307 to 1327 and son of Edward I; was defeated at Bannockburn by the Scots led by Robert the Bruce; was deposed and died in prison (1284-1327)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_I (^King of England from 1272 to 1307; conquered Wales (1239-1307)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Edward_Antony_Richard_Louis__Edward__Prince_Edward (^third son of Elizabeth II (born in 1964)^)
   ^  #prince;


#Edward__Black_Prince (^son of Edward III of England; defeated the French at Crecy and Poitiers in the Hundred Years' War (1330-1376)^)
   ^  #Prince_of_Wales;


#Edmund_II__Edmund_Ironside (^king of the English who led resistance to Canute but was defeated and forced to divide the kingdom with Canute (980-1016)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Edmund_I (^king of the English who succeeded Athelstan; he drove out the Danes and made peace with Scotland (921-946)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Thomas_Alva_Edison__Edison__Thomas_Edison (^American inventor; inventions included the phonograph and incandescent electric light and the microphone and the Kinetoscope (1847-1931)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Edgar (^the younger brother of Edwy who became king of Northumbria when it renounced Edwy; on Edwy's death he succeeded to the throne of England (944-975)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Gertrude_Caroline_Ederle__Ederle__Gertrude_Ederle (^United States swimmer who in 1926 became the first woman to swim the English Channel (1903- )^)
   ^  #swimmer;


#Mary_Morse_Baker_Eddy__Eddy__Mary_Baker_Eddy (^founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)^)
   ^  #religionist;


#Sir_Arthur_Stanley_Eddington__Eddington (^English astronomer remembered for his popular elucidation of relativity theory (1882-1944)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Johannes_Eckhart__Eckhart__Meister_Eckhart (^German theologian and mystic (1260-1327)^)
   ^  #theologian  #religious_mystic;


#Sir_John_Carew_Eccles__Eccles__John_Eccles (^Australian physiologist noted for his research on the conduction of impulses by nerve cells (1903-1997)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#George_Eastman__Eastman (^United States inventor of a dry-plate process of developing photographic film and of flexible film (his firm introduced roll film) and of the box camera and of a process for color photography (1854-1932)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #inventor;


#Amelia_Earhart__Earhart (^first woman aviator to fly solo nonstop across the Atlantic (1928); while attempting to fly around the world she disappeared over the Pacific (1898-1937)^)
   ^  #aviator;


#Charles_Eames__Eames (^United States designer noted for an innovative series of chairs (1907-1978)^)
   ^  #interior_designer;


#Bob_Dylan__Dylan (^United States songwriter noted for his protest songs (born in 1941)^)
   ^  #songwriter  #singer;


#Antonin_Dvorak__Dvorak (^Czech composer who combined folk elements with traditional forms (1841-1904)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Jean-Claude_Duvalier__Duvalier__Baby_Doc (^son and successor of Francois Duvalier as President of Haiti; he was overthrown by a mass uprising in 1986 (born in 1951)^)
   ^  #dictator;


#Francois_Duvalier__Duvalier__Papa_Doc (^oppressive Haitian dictator (1907-1971)^)
   ^  #dictator;


#Eleonora_Duse__Duse (^Italian actress best known for her performances in tragic roles (1858-1924)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Lawrence_George_Durrell__Durrell__Lawrence_Durrell (^English writer of Irish descent who spent much of his in Mediterranean regions (1912-1990)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Emile_Durkheim__Durkheim (^French sociologist and first professor of sociology at the Sorbonne (1858-1917)^)
   ^  #sociologist;


#Albrecht_Durer__Durer (^a leading German painter and engraver of the Renaissance (1471-1528)^)
   ^  #old_master  #engraver;


#Jimmy_Durante__Durante (^United States comedian remembered for his large nose and hoarse voice (1893-1980)^)
   ^  #comic;


#William_James_Durant__Durant__Will_Durant (^United States historian (1885-1981)^)
   ^  #historian;


#John_Duns_Scotus__Duns_Scotus (^Scottish theologian who was very influential in the Middle Ages (1265-1308)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Isadora_Duncan__Duncan (^United States dancer and pioneer of modern dance (1878-1927)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer;


#Dame_Daphne_du_Maurier__du_Maurier (^English writer of melodramatic novels (1907-1989)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Alexandre_Dumas__Dumas (^French writer remembered for his swashbuckling historical tales (1802-1870)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Foster_Dulles__Dulles (^United States diplomat who (as Secretary of State) pursued a policy of opposition to the USSR by providing aid to American allies (1888-1959)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Raoul_Dufy__Dufy (^French painter noted for brightly colored scenes (1877-1953)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Marcel_Duchamp__Duchamp (^French artist who immigrated to the United States; a leader in the Dada movement in New York City; was first to exhibit commonplace objects as art (1887-1968)^)
   ^  #artist;


#William_Edward_Burghardt_Du_Bois__Du_Bois__W._E._B._Du_Bois (^United States civil rights leader and political activist who campaigned for equality for Black Americans (1868-1963)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#Comtesse_Du_Barry__Du_Barry__Marie_Jeanne_Becu (^courtier and influential mistress of Louis XV who was guillotined during the French Revolution (1743-1793)^)
   ^  #courtier;


#John_Dryden__Dryden (^the outstanding poet and dramatist of the Restoration (1631-1700)^)
   ^  #poet  #dramatist;


#Alfred_Dreyfus__Dreyfus (^French army officer of Jewish descent whose false imprisonment for treason in 1894 raised issues of anti-semitism that dominated French politics until his release in 1906 (1859-1935)^)
   ^  #army_officer;


#John_Drew__Drew (^United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Theodore_Herman_Albert_Dreiser__Dreiser__Theodore_Dreiser (^United States novelist (1871-1945)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Francis_Drake__Drake__Francis_Drake (^English explorer and admiral who was the first Englishman to circumnavigate the globe and who helped to defeat the Spanish Armada (1540-1596)^)
   ^  #navigator  #full_admiral;


#Draco (^Athenian lawmaker whose code of laws prescribed death for almost every offense (circa 7th century BC)^)
   ^  #lawgiver  #Athenian;


#Richard_D'Oyly_Carte__D'Oyly_Carte (^English impresario who brought Gilbert and Sullivan together and produced many of their operettas in London (1844-1901)^)
   ^  #showman;


#Andrew_Jackson_Downing__Downing (^United States landscape architect who designed the grounds of the White House and the Capitol Building (1815-1852)^)
   ^  #landscape_architect;


#John_L._H._Down__Down (^English physician who first described Down's syndrome (1828-1896)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Baron_Hugh_Caswall_Tremenheere_Dowding__Dowding__Hugh_Dowding__Dowdy (^British Marshal of the RAF who commanded the British air defense forces that defeated the Luftwaffe during the Battle of Britain (1882-1970)^)
   ^  #full_general  #marshall;


#Frederick_Douglass__Douglass (^United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#Stephen_Arnold_Douglas__Douglas__Stephen_A._Douglas__The_Little_Giant (^United States politician who proposed that individual territories be allowed to decide whether they would have slavery; he engaged in a famous series of debates with Abraham Lincoln (1813-1861)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Dostoyevsky__Dostoevski__Dostoevsky__Feodor_Dostoyevsky__Fyodor_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Dostoevski__Feodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoyevsky__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevski__Feodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky__Fyodor_Mikhailovich_Dostoevsky (^Russian novelist who wrote of human suffering with humor and psychological insight (1821-1881)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Dos_Passos__Dos_Passos (^United States novelist remembered for his portrayal of life in the United States (1896-1970)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Christian_Johann_Doppler__Doppler (^Austrian physicist famous for his discovery of the Doppler effect (1803-1853)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#James_Harold_Doolittle__Doolittle__Jimmy_Doolittle (^United States Air Force officer who electrified the world in 1942 by leading a squadron of 16 bombers on a daylight raid over Tokyo (1896-1993)^)
   ^  #aviator  #full_general;


#John_Donne__Donne (^English clergyman and metaphysical poet celebrated as a preacher (1572-1631)^)
   ^  #poet  #clergyman;


#Bryan_Donkin__Donkin (^English engineer who developed a method of preserving food by sterilizing it with heat and sealing it inside a steel container--the first tin can (1768-1855)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Don_Juan.Lord (^a legendary Spanish nobleman and philanderer who became the hero of many poems and plays and operas^)
   ^  #Lord;


#Gaetano_Donizetti__Donizetti (^Italian composer of operas (1797-1848)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Aelius_Donatus__Donatus (^Roman grammarian whose textbook on Latin grammar was used throughout the Middle Ages (fourth century)^)
   ^  #grammarian;


#Donatello__Donato_di_Betto_Bardi (^Florentine sculptor famous for his lifelike sculptures (1386-1466)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Domitian__Titus_Flavius_Domitianus (^Emperor of Rome; son of Vespasian who succeeded his brother Titus; instigated a reign of terror and was assassinated as a tyrant (51-96)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Antoine_Domino__Domino__Fats_Domino (^United States rhythm and blues pianist and singer and composer (born in 1928)^)
   ^  #rhythm_and_blues_musician  #songwriter;


#Saint_Dominic__Dominic__St_Dominic__Domingo_de_Guzman (^Spanish priest who founded an order whose members became known as Dominicans or Black Friars (circa 1170-1221)^)
   ^  #priest;


#Placido_Domingo__Domingo (^Spanish operatic tenor noted for performances in operas by Verdi and Puccini (born in 1941)^)
   ^  #tenor;


#Ray_M._Dolby__Dolby (^United States electrical engineer who devised the Dolby system used to reduce background noise in tape recording^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#Benjamin_Disraeli__Disraeli__First_Earl_of_Beaconsfield (^British statesman who as Prime Minister bought controlling interest in the Suez Canal and made Queen Victoria the Empress of India (1804-1881)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Walter_Elias_Disney__Disney__Walt_Disney (^United States film maker who pioneered animated cartoons and created such characters as Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck; founded Disneyland (1901-1966)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Paul_Adrien_Maurice_Dirac__Dirac (^English theoretical physicist who applied relativity theory to quantum mechanics and predicted the existence of antimatter and the positron (1902-1984)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Christian_Dior__Dior (^French couturier whose first collection in 1947 created a style (tight bodice and narrow waist and flowing pleated skirt) that became known as the New Look (1905-1957)^)
   ^  #couturier;


#Diophantus (^Greek mathematician who was the first to try to develop an algebraic notation (3rd century)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Dionysius_the_Elder__Dionysius (^Tyrant of Syracuse who fought the Carthaginians (430-367 BC)^)
   ^  #tyrant;


#Diogenes (^Greek Cynic philosopher who rejected social conventions (circa 400-325 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Joseph_Paul_DiMaggio__DiMaggio__Joe_DiMaggio (^United States professional baseball player noted for his batting ability (1914-1999)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Marlene_Dietrich__Dietrich__Maria_Magdalene_von_Losch (^United States film actress (born in Germany) who made many films with Josef von Sternberg and later was a successful cabaret star (1901-1992)^)
   ^  #actress  #singer;


#Rudolf_Christian_Karl_Diesel__Diesel__Rudolf_Diesel (^German engineer (born in France) who invented the diesel engine (1858-1913)^)
   ^  #engineer;


#Denis_Diderot__Diderot (^French philosopher who was a leading figure of the Enlightenment in France; principal editor of an encyclopedia that disseminated the scientific and philosophical knowledge of the time (1713-1784)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Emily_Dickinson__Dickinson (^United States poet noted for her mystical and unrhymed poems (1830-1886)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Charles_John_Huffam_Dickens__Dickens__Charles_Dickens (^English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Bartholomeu_Dias__Dias__Diaz__Bartholomeu_Diaz (^Portuguese explorer who in 1488 was the first European to get round the Cape of Good Hope (thus establishing a sea route from the Atlantic to Asia) (1450-1500)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Diane_de_Poitiers__Duchesse_de_Valentinois (^French noblewoman who was the mistress of Henry II; she had more influence over him than did his wife Catherine de Medicis (1499-1566)^)
   ^  #female_aristocrat;


#Lady_Diana_Frances_Spencer__Diana__Princess_Diana__Princess_of_Wales (^English aristocrat who was the first wife of Prince Charles; her death in an automobile accident in Paris produced intense national mourning (1961-1997)^)
   ^  #female_aristocrat;


#Sergei_Pavlovich_Diaghilev__Diaghilev__Sergei_Diaghilev (^Russian ballet impresario who founded the Russian ballet and later introduced it to the West (1872-1929)^)
   ^  #showman;


#John_Dewey__Dewey (^American pragmatic philosopher who advocated progressive education (1859-1952)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #educator;


#Sir_James_Dewar__Dewar (^Scottish chemist and physicist noted for his work in cryogenics and his invention of the Dewar flask (1842-1923)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Eamon_de_Valera__de_Valera (^Irish statesman (born in the United States); as president of the Irish Free State he was responsible for the new constitution of 1937 that created the state of Eire (1882-1975)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Vittorio_De_Sica__De_Sica (^Italian film maker (1901-1974)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Rene_Descartes__Descartes (^French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #philosopher;


#Ferdinand_de_Saussure__de_Saussure__Saussure (^Swiss linguist and expert in historical linguistics whose lectures laid the foundations for synchronic linguistics (1857-1913)^)
   ^  #polyglot;


#Jacques_Derrida__Derrida (^French philosopher and critic; exponent of deconstructionism (born in 1930)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #literary_critic;


#Adnre_Derain__Derain (^French painter and exponent of Fauvism (1880-1954)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Thomas_De_Quincey__De_Quincey (^English writer who described the psychological effects of addiction to opium (1785-1859)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Gerard_Depardieu__Depardieu (^French film actor (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Robert_De_Niro__De_Niro (^United States film actor who frequently plays tough characters (born 1943)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Deng_Xiaoping__Teng_Hsiaoping (^Chinese communist statesman (1904-1997)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#William_Harrison_Dempsey__Dempsey__Jack_Dempsey__The_Manassa_Mauler (^United States prizefighter who was world heavyweight champion (1895-1983)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Demosthenes (^Athenian statesman and orator (circa 385-322 BC)^)
   ^  #orator  #statesman  #Athenian;


#Democritus (^Greek philosopher who developed an atomistic theory of matter (460-370 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Cecil_Blount_De_Mille__De_Mille__Cecil_B._De_Mille (^United States film maker remembered for his extravagant and spectacular epic productions (1881-1959)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Agnes_George_De_Mille__De_Mille__Agnes_De_Mille (^United States dancer and choreographer who introduced formal dance to a wide audience (born in 1905)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Demetrius_Poliorcetes__Demetrius__Demetrius_I (^son of Antigonus Cyclops and king of Macedonia; he and his father were defeated at the battle of Ipsus (337-283 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Macedonian;


#Philibert_Delorme__Delorme__de_l'Orme__Philibert_de_l'Orme (^French royal architect who built the Tuileries Palace and Gardens in Paris for Catherine de Medicis (1515-1570)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Frederick_Delius__Delius (^English composer (1862-1934)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Delilah (^(Old Testament) Samson's Philistine mistress who betrayed him by cutting off his hair and so deprived him of his strength^)
   ^  #kept_woman;


#Max_Delbruck__Delbruck (^United States biologist (born in Germany) who studied how viruses infect living cells (1906-1981)^)
   ^  #biologist;


#Walter_John_de_la_Mare__de_la_Mare__Walter_de_la_Mare (^English poet remembered for his verse for children (1873-1956)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Ferdinand_Victor_Eugene_Delacroix__Delacroix__Eugene_Delacroix (^French romantic painter (1798-1863)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Willem_de_Kooning__de_Kooning (^United States painter (born in the Netherlands) who was a leading exponent of abstract expressionism (1904-1997)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Charles_Andre_Joseph_Marie_de_Gaulle__de_Gaulle__Charles_de_Gaulle (^French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Lee_De_Forest__De_Forest__The_Father_of_Radio (^United States electrical engineer who in 1907 patented the first triode vacuum tube, which made it possible to detect and amplify radio waves (1873-1961)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer  #inventor;


#Daniel_Defoe__Defoe (^English writer remembered particularly for his novel about Robinson Crusoe (1660-1731)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Deere__Deere (^United States industrialist who manufactured plows suitable for working the prairie soil (1804-1886)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#Decius (^Emperor of Rome who was proclaimed emperor against his will; his reign was notable for his severe persecution of Christians (201-251)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Claude_Achille_Debussy__Debussy__Claude_Debussey (^French composer who is said to have created impressionism in music (1862-1918)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Eugene_Victor_Debs__Debs__Eugene_V._Debs (^United States labor organizer who ran for President as a socialist (1855-1926)^)
   ^  #labor_organizer;


#Michael_Ellis_De_Bakey__De_Bakey (^United States heart surgeon who in 1966 implanted the first artificial heart in a human patient (born in 1908)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon;


#James_Byron_Dean__Dean__James_Dean (^United States film actor whose moody rebellious roles made him a cult figure (1931-1955)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Moshe_Dayan__Dayan (^Israeli general and statesman (1915-1981)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Clarence_Shepard_Day_Jr.__Day__Clarence_Day (^United States writer best known for his autobiographical works (1874-1935)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Dawes__Dawes (^American patriot who rode with Paul Revere to warn that the British were advancing on Lexington and Concord (1745-1799)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#John_Davys__Davys__Davis__John_Davis (^English navigator who explored the Arctic while searching for the Northwest Passage (1550-1605)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Sir_Humphrey_Davy__Davy__Humphrey_Davy (^English chemist who was a pioneer in electrochemistry and who used it to isolate elements sodium and potassium and barium and boron and calcium and magnesium and chlorine (1778-1829)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Miles_Dewey_Davis_Jr.__Davis__Miles_Davis (^United States jazz musician; noted for his trumpet style (1926-1991)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician;


#Jefferson_Davis__Davis (^American statesman; president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War (1808-1889)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Dwight_Filley_Davis__Davis__Dwight_Davis (^United States tennis player who donated the Davis Cup for international team tennis competition (1879-1945)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Bette_Davis__Davis (^United States film actress (1908-1989)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Saint_David__David__St_David (^patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)^)
   ^  #saint;


#Jacques_Louis_David__David (^French neoclassical painter who actively supported the French Revolution (1748-1825)^)
   ^  #painter;


#David (^(Old Testament) the 2nd king of the Israelites; as a young shepherd he fought Goliath (a giant Philistine warrior) and killed him by hitting him in the head with a stone flung from a sling; he united Israel with Jerusalem as its capital; many of the Psalms are attributed to David (circa 1000-962 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Honore_Daumier__Daumier (^French painter best known for his satirical lithographs of bourgeois society (1808-1879)^)
   ^  #painter  #lithographer;


#Charles_Robert_Darwin__Darwin__Charles_Darwin (^English natural scientist whose `On the Origin of Species' formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Clarence_Seward_Darrow__Darrow__Clarence_Darrow (^United States lawyer famous for his defense of lost causes (1857-1938)^)
   ^  #lawyer;


#Darius_III (^King of Persia who was defeated by Alexander the Great; his murder effectively ended the Persian Empire (died in 330 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Darius_I__Darius_the_Great (^King of Persia who expanded the empire and invaded Greece but was defeated at the Battle of Marathon (550-486 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Georges_Jacques_Danton__Danton (^French revolutionary leader who stormed the Paris Bastille and who supported the execution of Louis XVI but was guillotined by Robespierre for his opposition to the Reign of Terror (1759-1794)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#Dante_Alighieri__Dante (^an Italian poet famous for `The Divine Comedy'--a journey through hell and purgatory and paradise guided by Virgil and his idealized Beatrice (1265-1321)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Daniel.prophet (^(Old Testament) a youth who was taken into the court of Nebuchadnezzar and given divine protection when thrown into a den of lions (6th century BC)^)
   ^  #prophet;


#Damon (^the friend of Phintias who pledged his life that Phintias would return (4th century BC)^)
   ^  #friend;


#Damocles (^the Greek courtier to Dionysius the Elder who (according to legend) was condemned to sit under a naked sword that was suspended by a hair in order to demonstrate to him that being a king was not the happy state Damocles had said it was (4th century BC)^)
   ^  #courtier;


#John_Dalton__Dalton (^English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Salvidor_Dali__Dali (^surrealist Spanish painter (1904-1989)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Gottlieb_Daimler__Daimler (^German engineer and automobile manufacturer who produced the first high-speed internal combustion engine (1834-1900)^)
   ^  #engineer  #industrialist;


#Louis_Jacques_Mande_Daguerre__Daguerre (^French inventor of the first practical photographic process, the daguerreotype (1789-1851)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Vasco_da_Gamma__da_Gamma__Gamma (^Portuguese navigator who led an expedition around the Cape of Good Hope in 1497; he sighted and named Natal on Christmas Day before crossing the Indian Ocean (1469-1524)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Karl_Czerny__Czerny (^Austrian pianist and composer who studied with Beethoven and was a teacher of Liszt (1791-1857)^)
   ^  #pianist  #composer;


#Cyrus_II__Cyrus_the_Elder__Cyrus_the_Great (^king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Cyrus_the_Younger__Cyrus (^Persian prince who was defeated in battle by his brother Artaxerxes II (424-401 BC)^)
   ^  #prince;


#Cynewulf__Cynwulf (^Anglo-Saxon poet (circa 9th century)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Georges_Leopold_Chretien_Frederic_Dagobert_Cuvier__Cuvier__Georges_Cuvier__Baron_Georges_Cuvier (^French naturalist known as the father of comparative anatomy (1769-1832)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#George_Armstrong_Custer__Custer (^United States general who was killed along with all his command by the Sioux at the battle of Little Bighorn (1839-1876)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Harvery_Williams_Cushing__Cushing__Harvey_Cushing (^United States neurologist noted for his study of the brain and pituitary gland and who identified Cushing's syndrome (1869-1939)^)
   ^  #neurologist;


#Glenn_Hammond_Curtiss__Curtiss__Glenn_Curtiss (^United States industrialist and aviation pioneer (1878-1930)^)
   ^  #industrialist;


#William_Curtis__Curtis (^English botanical writer and publisher (1746-1799)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Nathaniel_Currier__Currier (^United States lithographer who (with his partner James Ives) produced thousands of prints signed `Currier & Ives' (1813-1888)^)
   ^  #lithographer;


#Pierre_Curie__Curie (^French physicist; husband of Marie Curie (1859-1906)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Madame_Curie__Curie__Marie_Curie__Marya_Sklodowska (^French chemist (born in Poland) who won two Nobel Prizes; one (with her husband and Henri Becquerel) for research on radioactivity and another for her discovery of radium and polonium (1867-1934)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Merce_Cunningham__Cunningham (^United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Edward_Estlin_Cummings__Cummings__e._e._cummings (^United States writer noted for his typographically eccentric poetry (1894-1962)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Duke_of_Cumberland__Cumberland__William_Augustus__Butcher_Cumberland (^English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Ely_Culbertson__Culbertson (^United States authority on contract bridge whose books helped to popularize the game (1891-1955)^)
   ^  #card_player;


#Russel_Crouse__Crouse (^United States playwright (1893-1966)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Harry_Lillis_Crosby__Crosby__Bing_Crosby (^United States singer and film actor (1904-1977)^)
   ^  #crooner  #histrion;


#Sir_William_Crookes__Crookes__William_Crookes (^English chemist and physicist; discovered thallium; invented the radiometer and studied cathode rays (1832-1919)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Oliver_Cromwell__Cromwell__Ironsides (^English general and statesman who led the parliamentary army in the English Civil War and became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth (1599-1658)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Burrill_Bernard_Crohn__Crohn (^United States physician who specialized in diseases of the intestines; he was the first to describe regional ileitis which is now known as Crohn's disease (1884-1983)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Croesus.male_monarch (^last king of Lydia (died in 546 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#David_Crockett__Crockett__Davy_Crockett (^American frontiersman and Tennessee politician who died at the siege of the Alamo (1786-1836)^)
   ^  #frontiersman  #politico;


#Saint_Crispin__Crispin__St_Crispin (^patron saint of shoemakers; he and his brother were martyred for trying to spread Christianity (3rd century)^)
   ^  #saint;


#Francis_Henry_Compton_Crick__Crick__Francis_Crick (^English biochemist who helped discover the helical structure of DNA (born in 1916)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#The_Admirable_Crichton__Crichton__James_Crichton (^Scottish man of letters and adventurer (1560-1582)^)
   ^  #scholarly_person;


#Crazy_Horse__Tashunca-Uitco (^a chief of the Sioux who resisted the invasion of the Black Hills and joined Sitting Bull in the defeat of General Custer at Little Bighorn (1849-1877)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Sioux;


#Thomas_Crawford__Crawford (^United States neoclassical sculptor (1814-1857)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Joan_Crawford__Crawford (^United States film actress (1908-1977)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Stephen_Crane__Crane (^United States writer (1871-1900)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Harold_Hart_Crane__Crane__Hart_Crane (^United States poet (1899-1932)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Sir_William_Alexander_Craigie__Craigie__William_A._Craigie (^English lexicographer who was a joint editor of the Oxford English Dictionary (1872-1966)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Sir_Noel_Pierce_Coward__Coward__Noel_Coward (^English dramatist and actor and composer noted for his witty and sophisticated comedies (1899-1973)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #histrion  #composer;


#Cousteau__Jacques_Costeau__Jacques_Yves_Costeau (^French underwater explorer (born in 1910)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Margaret_Court__Court (^Australian woman tennis player who won many major championships (born in 1947)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Gustave_Courbet__Courbet (^French painter noted for his realistic depiction of everyday scenes (1819-1877)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Charles_Augustin_de_Coulomb__Coulomb (^French physicist famous for his discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism; formulated Coulomb's Law (1736-1806)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Cosimo_de_Medici__Cosimo_the_Elder (^Italian financier and statesman and friend of the papal court (1389-1464)^)
   ^  #financier  #statesman;


#Hernando_Cortes__Cortes__Cortez__Hernando_Cortez__Hernan_Cortes__Hernan_Cortez (^Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547)^)
   ^  #conquistador;


#Antonio_Allegri_da_Correggio__Correggio (^Italian painter noted for his use of chiaroscuro and perspective (1494-1534)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Jean_Baptiste_Camille_Corot__Corot (^French painter of Italian landscapes (1796-1875)^)
   ^  #painter;


#First_Marquess_Cornwallis__Cornwallis__Charles_Cornwallis (^commander of the British forces in the American War of Independence; was defeated by American and French troops at Yorktown^)
   ^  #peer.Lord  #full_general;


#Katherine_Cornell__Cornell (^United States actress noted for her performances in Broadway plays (1893-1974)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Ezra_Cornell__Cornell (^United States businessman who unified the telegraph system in the United States and who in 1865 (with Andrew D. White) founded Cornell University (1807-1874)^)
   ^  #businessman  #philanthropist;


#Pierre_Corneille__Corneille (^French tragic dramatist whose plays treat grand moral themes in elegant verse (1601-1684)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Francisco_Fernandez_Cordoba__Cordoba__Cordova__Francisco_Fernandez_de_Cordova (^Spanish explorer who discovered Yucatan (1475-1526)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Marie_Anne_Charlotte_Corday_d'Armont__Corday__Charlotte_Corday (^French revolutionary heroine (a Girondist) who assassinated Marat (1768-1793)^)
   ^  #revolutionist;


#James_John_Corbett__Corbett__Jim_Corbett__Gentleman_Jim (^United States heavyweight boxing champion (1866-1933)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Francis_Ford_Coppola__Coppola (^United States filmmaker (born in 1939)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#John_Singleton_Copley__Copley__John_Copley (^American painter who did portraits of Paul Revere and John Hancock before fleeing to England to avoid the American Revolution (1738-1815)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Aaron_Copland__Copland (^United States composer (1900-1990)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Nicolaus_Copernicus__Copernicus__Mikolaj_Kopernik (^Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Peter_Cooper__Cooper (^United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York city to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #philanthropist;


#Frank_Cooper__Cooper__Gary_Cooper (^United States film actor noted for his portrayals of strong silent heroes (1901-1961)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#James_Fenimore_Cooper__Cooper (^United States novelist noted for his stories of indians and the frontier life (1789-1851)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#President_Coolidge__Coolidge__Calvin_Coolidge (^elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Alfred_Alistair_Cooke__Cooke__Alistair_Cooke (^United States journalist (born in England in 1908)^)
   ^  #journalist;


#Jay_Cooke__Cooke (^American financier who marketed Union bonds to finance the Civil War; the failure of his bank resulted in a financial panic in 1873 (1821-1905)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Captain_James_Cook__Cook__James_Cook__Captain_Cook (^English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands (1728-1779)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Constantine_the_Great__Constantine__Constantine_I (^Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#John_Constable__Constable (^English landscape painter (1776-1837)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Joseph_Conrad__Conrad__Teodor_Josef_Konrad_Korzeniowski (^English novelist (born in Poland) noted for sea stories and for his narrative technique (1857-1924)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#James_Scott_Connors__Connors__Jimmy_Conors (^outstanding United States tennis player (born in 1952)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Maureen_Catherine_Connolly__Connolly__Little_Mo_Connolly (^United States tennis player who was the first woman to win the United States, British, French, and Australian championships in the same year (1953) (1934-1969)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Confucius__Kung_futzu (^Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle__Conan_Doyle__A._Conan_Doyle__Arthur_Conan_Doyle (^English author who created Sherlock Holmes (1859-1930)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Isidore_Auguste_Marie_Francois_Comte__Comte__Auguste_Comte (^French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Anthony_Comstock__Comstock (^United States reformer who led moral crusades against art and literature that he considered obscene (1844-1915)^)
   ^  #reformist;


#Arthur_Holly_Compton__Compton__Arthur_Compton (^United States physicist noted for research on x-rays and gamma rays and nuclear energy; his observation that X-rays behave like miniature bowling balls in their interactions with electrons provided evidence for the quantal nature of light (1892-1962)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#John_Amos_Comenius__Comenius__Jan_Amos_Komensky (^Czech educational reformer (1592-1670)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Christopher_Colombus__Columbus__Cristoforo_Colombo__Cristobal_Colon (^Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#William_Wilkie_Collins__Collins__Wilkie_Collins (^English writer noted for early detective novels (1824-1889)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sidonie_Gabrielle_Claudine_Colette__Colette (^French writer of novels about women (1873-1954)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ferdinand_Julius_Cohn__Cohn (^German botanist who is generally recognized as founding bacteriology when he recognized bacteria as plants^)
   ^  #botanist;


#George_Michael_Cohan__Cohan__George_M._Cohan (^United States songwriter and playwright famous for his patriotic songs (1878-1942)^)
   ^  #songwriter;


#William_Frederick_Cody__Cody__William_F._Cody__Buffalo_Bill__Buffalo_Bill_Cody (^United States showman famous for his Wild West Show (1846-1917)^)
   ^  #showman;


#Jean_Cocteau__Cocteau (^French writer and film maker who worked in many artistic media (1889-1963)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #film_maker;


#Sir_John_Douglas_Cockcroft__Cockcroft__Sir_John_Cockcroft (^British physicist who (with Ernest Walton in 1931) first split an atom (1897-1967)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Jacqueline_Cochran__Cochran (^United States aviator who held several speed records and headed the women's Air Force pilots in World War II (1910-1980)^)
   ^  #aviator;


#Cochise (^Apache leader of the resistance to United States troops in Arizona (1812-1874)^)
   ^  #Indian_chief  #Apache;


#Clovis_I__Clovis (^king of the Franks who unified Gaul and established his capital at Paris and founded the Frankish monarchy; his name was rendered as Gallic `Louis' (466-511)^)
   ^  #male_monarch  #Frank;


#Baron_Clive_of_Plassey__Clive__Robert_Clive__Baron_Clive (^British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#William_Jefferson_Clinton__Clinton__Bill_Clinton__President_Clinton (^42nd President of the United States (1946- )^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#DeWitt_Clinton__Clinton (^United States politician who as governor of New York supported the project to build the Erie Canal (1769-1828)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Stephen_Grover_Cleveland__Cleveland__Grover_Cleveland__President_Cleveland (^22nd and 24th President of the United States (1837-1908)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Cleopatra (^beautiful and charismatic queen of Egypt; mistress of Julius Caesar and later of Mark Antony; killed herself to avoid capture by Octavian (69-30 BC)^)
   ^  #queen_regnant  #Egyptian.African;


#Samuel_Langhorne_Clemens__Clemens__Mark_Twain (^United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #humorist;


#Georges_Eugene_Benjamin_Clemenceau__Clemenceau__Georges_Clemenceau (^French statesman who played a key role in negotiating the Treaty of Versailles (1841-1929)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Cleanthes (^ancient Greek philosopher who succeeded Zeno of Citium as the leader of the Stoic school (300-232 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Lucius_DuBignon_Clay__Clay__Lucius_Clay (^United States general who commanded United States forces in Europe from 1945 to 1949 and who oversaw the Berlin airlift (1897-1978)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Henry_Clay__Clay (^United States politician known as the Great Compromiser; responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Karl_von_Clausewitz__Clausewitz (^Prussian general and military theorist who proposed a doctrine of total war and war as an extension of diplomacy (1780-1831)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Tiberius_Claudius_Drusus_Nero_Germanicus__Claudius__Claudius_I (^Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#William_Clark__Clark (^United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Mark_Wayne_Clark__Clark__Mark_Clark (^United States general who was Allied commander in Africa and Italy in World War II and was commander of the United Nations forces in Korea (1896-1984)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Kenneth_Bancroft_Clark__Clark__Kenneth_Clark (^United States psychologist (born in Panama) whose research persuaded the Supreme Court that segregated schools were discriminatory (1914- )^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Charles_Joseph_Clark__Clark__Joe_Clark (^Canadian politician who served as prime minister (1939- )^)
   ^  #politico;


#Lucius_Quinctius_Cincinnatus__Cincinnatus (^Roman statesman regarded as a model of simple virtue; he twice was called to assume dictatorship of Rome and each time retired to his farm (519-438 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Giovanni_Cimabue__Cimabue (^painter of the Florentine school; anticipated the move from Byzantine to naturalistic art (1240-1302)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Marcus_Tullius_Cicero__Cicero__Tully (^a Roman statesman and orator remembered for his mastery of Latin prose (106-43 BC)^)
   ^  #orator  #statesman;


#John_Anthony_Ciardi__Ciardi__John_Ciardi (^United States poet and critic (1916-1986)^)
   ^  #poet  #literary_critic;


#John_Churchill__Churchill__Duke_of_Marlborough__First_Duke_of_Marlborough (^English general considered one of the greatest generals in history (1650-1722)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Sir_Winston_Leonard_Spenser_Churchill__Churchill__Winston_Churchill__Winston_S._Churchill (^British Conservative statesman; British leader during World War II; received Nobel Prize for literature in 1953 (1874-1965)^)
   ^  #statesman  #professional_writer;


#St_Christopher__Christopher__Saint_Christopher (^Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)^)
   ^  #patron_saint;


#Dame_Agatha_Mary_Clarissa_Christie__Christie__Agatha_Christie (^prolific English writer of detective stories (1890-1976)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Frederic_Francois_Chopin__Chopin (^French composer (born in Poland) and pianist of the romantic school (1810-1849)^)
   ^  #composer  #pianist;


#A._Noam_Chomsky__Chomsky__Noam_Chomsky (^United States linguist whose theory of generative grammar redefined the field of linguistics (born 1928)^)
   ^  #linguist;


#Giorgio_de_Chirico__Chirico (^Italian painter (born in Greece) whose deep shadows and barren landscapes strongly influenced the surrealists (1888-1978)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Thomas_Chippendale__Chippendale (^a British cabinetmaker remembered for his graceful designs (especially of chairs) which influenced his contemporaries (1718-1779)^)
   ^  #cabinetmaker;


#Chiang_Kai-shek__Chiang_Chung-cheng (^Chinese military and political figure; in the Chinese civil war that followed World War II he was defeated by the Chinese communists and in 1949 was forced to withdraw to Taiwan where he served as president of Nationalist China until his death (1897-1975)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Maurice_Chevalier__Chevalier (^French actor and cabaret singer (1888-1972)^)
   ^  #histrion  #singer;


#Gilbert_Keith_Chesterton__Chesterton__G._K._Chesterton (^conservative English writer of the Roman Catholic persuasion; in addition to volumes of criticism and polemics he wrote detective novels featuring Father Brown (1874-1936)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Fourth_Earl_of_Chesterfield__Chesterfield__Philip_Dormer_Stanhope (^suave and witty English statesman remembered mostly for letters to his son (1694-1773)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Maria_Luigi_Carlo_Zenobio_Cherubini__Cherubini__Luigi_Cherubini (^Italian composer of church music and operas (1760-1842)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Anton_Pavlovich_Chekhov__Chekhov__Chekov__Anton_Chekhov__Anton_Chekov__Anton_Pavlovich_Chekov (^Russian dramatist whose plays are concerned with the difficulty of communication between people (1860-1904)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Cesar_Estrada_Chavez__Chavez__Cesar_Chavez (^United States labor leader who organized farm workers (born 1927)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Geoffrey_Chaucer__Chaucer (^English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Francois_Rene_Chateaubriand__Chateaubriand__Vicomte_de_Chateaubriand (^French statesman and writer; considered a precursor of the romantic movement in France (1768-1848)^)
   ^  #statesman  #professional_writer;


#Charles_IX (^King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Charles_VII (^King of France who began his reign with most of northern France under English control; after the intervention of Jeanne d'Arc the French were able to defeat the English and end the Hundred Years' War (1403-1461)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald (^as Charles II he was Holy Roman Emperor and as Charles I he was king of France (1630-1685)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor  #King_of_France;


#Charles_II (^King of England and Scotland and Ireland during the Restoration (1630-1685)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Charles_Stuart__Charles_I (^son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland; was deposed and executed by Oliver Cromwell (1600-1649)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Prince_Charles__Charles (^the eldest son of Elizabeth II and heir to the English throne (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #Prince_of_Wales;


#Jacques_Alexandre_Cesar_Charles__Charles__Jacques_Charles (^French physicist who anticipated Gay-Lussac's law (1746-1823)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Charlemagne__Charles_I__Charles_the_Great (^king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814)^)
   ^  #Holy_Roman_Emperor  #conqueror;


#Jean_Martin_Charcot__Charcot (^French neurologist who tried to use hypnotism to cure hysteria (1825-1893)^)
   ^  #neurologist;


#Hugh_Capet__Capet (^King of France elected in 987 and founding the Capetian dynasty (940-996)^)
   ^  #King_of_France;


#Sir_Ernst_Boris_Chain__Chain__Ernst_Boris_Chain (^British biochemist (born in Germany) who isolated and purified penicillin, which had been discovered in 1928 by Sir Alexander Fleming (1906-1979)^)
   ^  #biochemist;


#John_Chapman__Chapman__Johnny_Appleseed (^American pioneer who planted apple trees as he traveled (1774-1845)^)
   ^  #pioneer;


#Sir_Charles_Spencer_Chaplin__Chaplin__Charlie_Chaplin (^English comedian and film maker; portrayed a downtrodden little man in baggy pants and bowler hat (1889-1977)^)
   ^  #comic  #film_maker;


#Raymond_Thornton_Chandler__Chandler__Raymond_Chandler (^United States writer of detective thrillers featuring the character of Philip Marlowe (1888-1959)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Jean_Francois_Champollion__Champollion (^French Egyptologist who studied the Rosetta stone and in 1821 became the first person to decipher Egyptian hieroglyphics (1790-1832)^)
   ^  #Egyptologist;


#Samuel_de_Champlain__Champlain (^French explorer in Nova Scotia who established a settlement on the site of modern Quebec (1567-1635)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Arthur_Neville_Chamberlain__Chamberlain__Neville_Chamberlain (^British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany (1869-1940)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Marc_Chagall__Chagall (^French painter (born in Russia) noted for his imagery and brilliant colors (1887-1985)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Paul_Cezanne__Cezanne (^French postimpressionist painter who influenced modern art (especially cubism) by stressing the structural components latent in nature (1839-1906)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Miguel_de_Cervantes_Saavedra__Cervantes__Miguel_de_Cervantes__Cervantes_Saavedra (^Spanish writer best remembered for `Don Quixote' which satirizes chivalry and influenced the development of the novel form (1547-1616)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #dramatist;


#Anders_Celsius__Celsius (^Swedish astronomer who devised the centigrade thermometer (1701-1744)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Benvenuto_Cellini__Cellini (^Italian sculptor (1500-1571)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Henry_Cavendish__Cavendish (^British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Edith_Louisa_Cavell__Cavell__Edith_Cavell (^English nurse who remained in Brussels after the German occupation in order to help Allied prisoners escape; was caught and executed by the Germans (1865-1915)^)
   ^  #nurse;


#Gaius_Valerius_Catullus__Catullus (^Roman lyric poet remembered for his love poems to an aristocratic Roman woman (84-54 BC)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Catherine_de_Medicis (^queen of France as the wife of Henry II and regent during the minority of her son Charles IX (1519-1589)^)
   ^  #queen  #regent;


#Catherine_of_Aragon__Catherine (^first wife of Henry VIII of England; Henry's divorce from her marked an initial step in the English Reformation (1485-1536)^)
   ^  #wife;


#Catherine_II__Catherine__Catherine_the_Great (^Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796)^)
   ^  #Empress;


#Catherine_I (^Empress of Russia who succeeded her husband Peter the Great (1684-1727)^)
   ^  #Empress;


#Willa_Sibert_Cather__Cather__Willa_Cather (^United States writer who wrote about frontier life (1873-1947)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Fidel_Castro__Castro (^Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)^)
   ^  #socialist;


#Gaius_Cassius_Longinus__Cassius__Cassius_Longinus (^prime mover in the conspiracy against Julius Caesar (died in 42 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ernst_Cassirer__Cassirer (^German philosopher concerned with concept formation in the human mind and with symbolic forms in human culture generally (1874-1945)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova_de_Seingalt__Casanova__Giovanni_Jacopo_Casanova__Casanova_de_Seingalt (^an Italian adventurer who wrote vivid accounts of his sexual encounters (1725-1798)^)
   ^  #adventurer;


#Pablo_Casals__Casals (^an outstanding Spanish cellist noted for his interpretation of Bach's cello suites (1876-1973)^)
   ^  #cellist;


#George_Washington_Carver__Carver (^United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)^)
   ^  #botanist  #chemist;


#Enrico_Caruso__Caruso (^outstanding Italian operatic tenor (1873-1921)^)
   ^  #tenor;


#Edmund_Cartwright__Cartwright (^English clergyman who invented the power loom (1743-1823)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Jacques_Cartier__Cartier (^French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Howard_Carter__Carter (^English Egyptologist who in 1922 discovered and excavated the tomb of Tutankhamen (1873-1939)^)
   ^  #Egyptologist;


#James_Earl_Carter_Jr.__Carter__Jimmy_Carter__James_Earl_Carter__President_Carter (^39th President of the United States (1924- )^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Rachel_Louise_Carson__Carson__Rachel_Carson (^United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964)^)
   ^  #biologist  #environmentalist;


#Christopher_Carson__Carson__Kit_Carson (^United States frontiersman who guided Fremont's expeditions in the 1840s and served as a Union general in the Civil War (1809-1868)^)
   ^  #frontiersman;


#Lewis_Carroll__Carroll__Dodgson__Reverend_Dodgson__Charles_Dodgson__Charles_Lutwidge_Dodgson (^English author; Charles Dodgson was an Oxford don of mathematics who is remembered for the children's stories he wrote under the pen name Lewis Carroll (1832-1898)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Merven_Carrere__Carrere (^United States architect who with his partner Thomas Hastings designed many important public buildings (1858-1911)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Alexis_Carrel__Carrel (^French surgeon and biologist who developed a way to suture and graft blood vessels (1873-1944)^)
   ^  #operating_surgeon  #biologist;


#Wallace_Hume_Carothers__Carothers__Wallace_Carothers (^United States chemist who developed nylon (1896-1937)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Nicolas_Leonard_Sadi_Carnot__Carnot__Sadi_Carnot (^French physicist who founded thermodynamics (1796-1832)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Dale_Carnegie__Carnegie (^United States educator famous for writing a book about how to win friends and influence people (1888-1955)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Andrew_Carnegie__Carnegie (^American industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919)^)
   ^  #industrialist  #philanthropist;


#Hoagland_Howard_Carmichael__Carmichael__Hoagy_Carmichael (^United States songwriter (1899-1981)^)
   ^  #songwriter;


#Thomas_Carlyle__Carlyle (^Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)^)
   ^  #historian;


#Carl_XVI_Gustav (^King of Sweden (born 1946)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Thomas_Carew__Carew (^English Cavalier poet whose lyric poetry was favored by Charles I (1595-1639)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Giosue_Carducci__Carducci (^Italian poet considered the national poet of modern Italy (1835-1907)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Michelangelo_Merisi_da_Caravaggio__Caravaggio (^Italian painter noted for his realistic depiction of religious subjects and his novel use of light (1573-1610)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Frank_Capra__Capra (^United States film maker (1897-1991)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Alphonse_Capone__Capone__Al_Capone__Scarface (^United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition until arrested for tax evasion (1899-1947)^)
   ^  #gangster;


#Canute_the_Great__Canute__Cnut__Knut (^King of Denmark and Norway who forced Edmund II to divide England with him; on the death of Edmund II Canute became King of all of England (994-1035)^)
   ^  #King_of_England;


#Albert_Camus__Camus (^French writer who portrayed the human condition as isolated in an absurd world (1913-1960)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Joseph_Campbell__Campbell (^United States mythologist (1904-1987)^)
   ^  #mythologist;


#Melvin_Calvin__Calvin (^United States chemist noted for discovering the series of chemical reactions in photosynthesis (1911- )^)
   ^  #chemist;


#John_Calvin__Calvin__Jean_Cauvin__Jean_Caulvin__Jean_Chauvin (^Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Maria_Meneghini_Callas__Callas__Maria_Callas (^Greek coloratura soprano (born in the United States) known for her dramatic intensity in operatic roles (1923-1977)^)
   ^  #coloratura_soprano;


#Calixtus_III__Borgia__Alfonso_Borgia (^Italian pope whose nepotism put the Borgia family in power in Italy (1378-1458)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Caligula__Gaius__Gaius_Caesar (^Roman Emperor who succeeded Tiberius and whose uncontrolled passions resulted in manifest insanity; noted for his cruelty and tyranny; was assassinated (12-41)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Erskine_Preston_Caldwell__Caldwell__Erskine_Caldwell (^United States author remembered for novels about poverty and degeneration (1903-1987)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Pedro_Calderon_de_la_Barca__Calderon__Calderon_de_la_Barca (^Spanish poet and dramatist considered one of the great Spanish writers (1600-1681)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Alexander_Calder__Calder (^United States sculptor who first created mobiles and stabiles (1898-1976)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Jimmy_Cagney__Cagney__James_Cagney (^United States film actor known for his portrayals of tough characters (1899-1986)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Count_Alessandro_di_Cagliostro__Cagliostro__Giuseppe_Balsamo (^Italian who was famous as a magician and alchemist (1743-1795)^)
   ^  #sorcerer;


#Gaius_Julius_Caesar__Caesar__Julius_Caesar (^conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Sebastian_Cabot__Cabot (^son of John Cabot who was born in Italy and who led an English expedition in search of the Northwest Passage and a Spanish expedition that explored the La Plata region of Brazil; in 1544 he published a map of the world (1476-1557)^)
   ^  #explorer  #cartographer;


#John_Cabot__Cabot__Giovanni_Cabato (^Italian explorer who led the English expedition in 1497 that discovered the mainland of North America and explored the coast from Nova Scotia to Newfoundland (ca. 1450-1498)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#James_Branch_Cabell__Cabell (^United States writer of satirical novels (1879-1958)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sixth_Baron_Byron_of_Rochdale__Byron__Lord_Byron__George_Gordon_Byron (^English romantic poet notorious for his rebellious and unconventional lifestyle (1788-1824)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Richard_Evelyn_Byrd__Byrd__Richard_E._Byrd__Admiral_Byrd (^explorer and United States naval officer; led expeditions to explore Antarctica (1888-1957)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#George_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__George_W._Bush__Dubyuh__President_Bush (^43rd President of the United States^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Vannevar_Bush__Bush (^United States electrical engineer who designed an early analogue computer and who led the scientific program of the United States during World War II (1890-1974)^)
   ^  #electrical_engineer;


#George_Herbert_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__President_Bush (^Vice President under Reagan and 41st President of the United States (1924- )^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Sir_Richard_Francis_Burton__Burton__Richard_Burton__Sir_Richard_Burton (^English explorer who with John Speke was the first European to explore Lake Tanganyika (1821-1890)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Richard_Burton__Burton (^Welsh film actor who often co-starred with Elizabeth Taylor (1925-1984)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Cyril_Lodowic_Burt__Burt__Cyril_Burt (^English psychologist whose studies of twins were later said to have used fabricated data (1883-1971)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#William_Burroughs__Burroughs__William_Seward_Burroughs (^United States writer noted for his works portraying the life of drug addicts (born 1914)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#William_Seward_Burroughs__Burroughs (^United States inventor who patented the first practical adding machine (1855-1898)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Edgar_Rice_Burroughs__Burroughs (^United States novelist and author of the Tarzan stories (1875-1950)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Aaron_Burr__Burr (^United States politician who served as Vice President under Jefferson; he mortally wounded his political rival Alexander Hamilton in a duel and fled south (1756-1836)^)
   ^  #politico;


#George_Burns__Burns__Nathan_Birnbaum (^United States comedian and film actor (1896-1996)^)
   ^  #vaudevillian  #comic;


#Robert_Burns__Burns (^celebrated Scottish poet (1759-1796)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Frances_Eliza_Hodgson_Burnett__Burnett__Frances_Hodgson_Burnett (^United States writer (born in England) remembered for her novels for children (1849-1924)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Edmund_Burke__Burke (^English statesman famous for his oratory; pleaded the cause of the American colonists in Parliament and defended the parliamentary system (1729-1797)^)
   ^  #statesman  #orator;


#Martha_Jane_Burk__Burk__Burke__Martha_Jane_Burke__Calamity_Jane (^American frontierswoman and legendary figure of the Wild West noted for her marksmanship (1852-1903)^)
   ^  #frontierswoman;


#John_Burgoyne__Burgoyne__Gentleman_Johnny (^British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Luther_Burbank__Burbank (^United States horticulturist who developed many new varieties of fruits and vegetables and flowers (1849-1926)^)
   ^  #horticulturist;


#Richard_Burbage__Burbage (^English actor who was the first to play the leading role in several of Shakespeare's tragedies (1567-1619)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#John_Bunyan__Bunyan (^English preacher and author of an allegorical novel, Pilgrim's Progress (1628-1688)^)
   ^  #preacher_man  #professional_writer;


#Luis_Bunuel__Bunuel (^Spanish film director (1900-1983)^)
   ^  #film_director;


#Robert_Wilhelm_Bunsen__Bunsen__Robert_Bunsen (^German chemist who with Kirchhoff pioneered spectrum analysis but is remembered mainly for his invention of the Bunsen burner (1811-1899)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Ralph_Johnson_Bunche__Bunche__Ralph_Bunche (^United States diplomat and United Nations official (1904-1971)^)
   ^  #diplomatist;


#Rudolf_Karl_Bultmann__Bultmann__Rudolf_Bultmann (^German Lutheran theologian (1884-1976)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Nikolai_Ivanovich_Bukharin__Bukharin (^Russian Bolshevik leader who advocated gradual collectivism of the farms; was executed in a purge by Stalin (1888-1938)^)
   ^  #Bolshevist;


#John_Donald_Budge__Budge__Don_Budge (^United States tennis player who in 1938 was the first to win the Australian and French and English and United States singles championship in the same year (1915-2000)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Pearl_Sydenstricker_Buck__Buck__Pearl_Buck (^United States author whose novels drew on her experiences as a missionary in China (1892-1973)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #missioner;


#Eduard_Buchner__Buchner (^German organic chemist who studied alcoholic fermentation and discovered zymase (1860-1917)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#President_Buchanan__Buchanan__James_Buchanan (^15th President of the United States (1791-1868)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Martin_Buber__Buber (^Israeli religious philosopher (born in Austria) (1878-1965)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#William_Jennings_Bryan__Bryan__the_Great_Commoner__The_Boy_Orator_of_the_Platte (^United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925)^)
   ^  #politico  #lawyer;


#Marcus_Junius_Brutus__Brutus (^statesman of ancient Rome who (with Cassius) led a conspiracy to assassinate Julius Caesar (85-42 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Giordano_Bruno__Bruno (^Italian philosopher who used Copernican principles to develop a pantheistic monistic philosophy; condemned for heresy by the Inquisition and burned at the stake (1548-1600)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#George_Bryan_Brummell__Brummell__Beau_Brummell (^English dandy who was a fashion leader during the Regency (1778-1840)^)
   ^  #dandy;


#Pieter_Brueghel_the_Elder__Brueghel__Breughel__Bruegel__Pieter_Brueghel__Pieter_Breughel__Pieter_Bruegel__Breughel_the_Elder (^Flemish painter of landscapes (1525-1569)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#Sir_David_Bruce__Bruce__David_Bruce (^Australian physician and bacteriologist who described the bacterium that causes undulant fever or brucellosis (1855-1931)^)
   ^  #doc  #bacteriologist;


#Robert_the_Bruce__Bruce__Robert_I (^King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329; defeated the English army under Edward II at Bannockburn and gained recognition of Scottish independence (1274-1329)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#John_Moses_Browning__Browning__John_M._Browning (^United States inventor of firearms (especially automatic pistols and repeating rifles and a machine gun called `The Peacemaker') (1855-1926)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Robert_Browning__Browning (^English poet and husband of Elizabeth Barrett Browning noted for his dramatic monologues (1812-1889)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Elizabeth_Barrett_Browning__Browning (^English poet best remembered for love sonnets written to her husband Robert Browning (1806-1861)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Hablot_Knight_Browne__Browne__Phiz (^English illustrator of several of Dickens' novels (1815-1882)^)
   ^  #illustrator;


#Charles_Farrar_Browne__Browne__Artemus_Ward (^United States writer of humorous tales of an itinerant showman (1834-1867)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Brown__Brown (^Scottish botanist who first observed the movement of small particles in fluids now known a Brownian motion (1773-1858)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#John_Brown__Brown (^abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper's Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858)^)
   ^  #abolitionist;


#Van_Wyck_Brooks__Brooks (^American literary critic and historian (1886-1963)^)
   ^  #literary_critic;


#Rupert_Brooke__Brooke (^English lyric poet (1887-1915)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Anne_Bronte__Bronte (^English novelist; youngest of three Bronte sisters (1820-1849)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Emily_Jane_Bronte__Bronte__Emily_Bronte__Currer_Bell (^English novelist; one of three Bronte sisters (1818-1848)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Charlotte_Bronte__Bronte (^English novelist; oldest of three Bronte sisters (1816-1855)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Louis_Victor_de_Broglie__Broglie__de_Broglie (^French nuclear physicist who generalized the wave-particle duality by proposing that particles of matter exhibit wavelike properties (1892-1987)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Pierre-Paul_Broca__Broca (^French anthropologist who studied the craniums and brains of different races of people; remembered for his discovery that articulate speech depends on an area of the brain now known as Broca's area (1824-1880)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Daniel_Garrison_Brinton__Brinton (^United States anthropologist who was the first to attempt a systematic classification of Native American languages (1837-1899)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Saint_Bridget__Bridget__St_Bridget__Brigid__Saint_Brigid__St_Brigid__Bride__Saint_Bride__St_Bride (^Irish abbess; a patron saint of Ireland (453-523)^)
   ^  #abbess  #patron_saint;


#Harry_Bridges__Bridges (^United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)^)
   ^  #labor_leader;


#Leonid_Ilyich_Brezhnev__Brezhnev__Leonid_Brezhnev (^Soviet statesman who became president of the Soviet Union (1906-1982)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Marcel_Lajos_Breuer__Breuer (^United States architect (born in Hungary) who was associated with the Bauhaus in the 1920's (1902-1981)^)
   ^  #architect;


#Bertolt_Brecht__Brecht (^German dramatist and poet who developed a style of epic theater (1898-1956)^)
   ^  #dramatist  #poet;


#Eva_Braun__Braun (^the German mistress of Adolf Hitler (1910-1945)^)
   ^  #kept_woman;


#Wernher_Magnus_Maximilian_von_Braun__Braun__von_Braun__Wernher_von_Braun (^United States rocket engineer (born in Germany where he designed a missile used against England); he led the United States Army team that put the first American satellite into space (1912-1977)^)
   ^  #rocket_engineer;


#Georges_Braque__Braque (^French painter who led the cubist movement (1882-1963)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Willy_Brandt__Brandt (^German states who as chancellor of West Germany worked to reduce tensions with eastern Europe (1913-1992)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Constantin_Brancusi__Brancusi (^Romanian sculptor noted for abstractions of animal forms (1876-1957)^)
   ^  #sculptor;


#Louis_Braille__Braille (^French educator who lost his sight at the age of three and who invented a system of writing and printing for sightless people (1809-152)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Johannes_Brahms__Brahms (^German composer (1833-1897)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Braxton_Bragg__Bragg (^Confederate general during the American Civil War who was defeated by Grant in the battle of Chattanooga (1817-1876)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Mathew_B._Brady__Brady (^American pioneer photographer famous for his portraits; was the official Union photographer for the Civil War (1823-1896)^)
   ^  #photographer;


#James_Buchanan_Brady__Brady__Diamond_Jim_Brady__Diamond_Jim (^United States financier noted for his extravagant lifestyle (1856-1917)^)
   ^  #financier;


#Thomas_Bradley__Bradley__Tom_Bradley (^United States politician who was elected the first Black may of Los Angeles (1917-1998)^)
   ^  #politico;


#Omar_Nelson_Bradley__Bradley__Omar_Bradley (^United States general who played an important role in the Allied victory in World War II (1893-1981)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#William_Bradford__Bradford (^American printer (born in England) whose press produced the first American prayer book and the New York City's first newspaper (1663-1752)^)
   ^  #pressman;


#Ray_Douglas_Bradbury__Bradbury__Ray_Bradbury (^United States writer of science fiction (born 1920)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Robert_Boyle__Boyle (^Irish chemist who established that air has weight and whose definitions of chemical elements and chemical reactions helped to dissociate chemistry from alchemy (1627-1691)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#James_Bowie__Bowie (^American pioneer and hero of the Texas Revolution (1796-1836)^)
   ^  #pioneer;


#Thomas_Bowdler__Bowdler (^English editor who in 1818 published an expurgated edition of the works of Shakespeare (1754-1825)^)
   ^  #editor;


#Nathaniel_Bowditch__Bowditch (^United States mathematician and astronomer noted for his works on navigation (1773-1838)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Louis_Antoine_de_Bougainville__Bougainville (^French explorer who circumnavigated the globe accompanied by scientists (1729-1811)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Sandro_Botticelli__Botticelli__Alessandro_di_Mariano_dei_Filipepi (^Italian painter of mythological and religious paintings (1444-1510)^)
   ^  #old_master;


#James_Boswell__Boswell (^Scottish author noted for his biography of Samuel Johnson (1740-1795)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Satyendra_Nath_Bose__Bose__Satyendra_N._Bose (^Indian physicist who with Albert Einstein proposed statistical laws based on the indistinguishability of particles; led to the description of fundamental particles that later came to be known as bosons^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Max_Born__Born (^British nuclear physicist (born in Germany) honored for his contributions to quantum mechanics (1882-1970)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Lucrezia_Borgia__Borgia__Duchess_of_Ferrara (^Italian noblewoman and patron of the arts (1480-1519)^)
   ^  #Lady;


#Cesare_Borgia__Borgia (^Italian cardinal and military leader; model for Machiavelli's prince (1475-1507)^)
   ^  #cardinal  #soldier;


#Jorge_Luis_Borges__Borges__Jorge_Borges (^Argentinian writer remembered for his short stories (1899-1986)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#John_Wilkes_Booth__Booth (^American actor and assassin of President Lincoln (1838-1865)^)
   ^  #histrion  #assassin;


#Daniel_Boone__Boone (^an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)^)
   ^  #frontiersman;


#George_Boole__Boole (^English mathematician; creator of Boolean algebra (1815-1864)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#William_H._Bonney__Bonney__Billie_the_Kid (^United States outlaw who was said to have killed 21 men (1859-1881)^)
   ^  #criminal;


#Julian_Bond__Bond (^United States civil rights leader who was elected to the legislature in Georgia but was barred from taking his seat because he opposed the Vietnam War (born 1940)^)
   ^  #civil_rights_leader;


#Ludwig_Boltzmann__Boltzmann (^Austrian physicist who contributed to the kinetic theory of gases (1844-1906)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Simon_Bolivar__Bolivar__El_Libertador (^Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman;


#Anne_Boleyn__Boleyn (^the second wife of Henry VIII of England and mother of Elizabeth I; was executed on a charge of adultery (1507-1536)^)
   ^  #queen;


#Niels_Henrik_David_Bohr__Bohr__Niels_Bohr (^Danish physicist who studied atomic structure and radiations; the Bohr theory of the atom accounted for the spectrum of hydrogen (1885-1962)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Humphrey_DeForest_Bogart__Bogart__Humphrey_Bogart (^United States film actor (1899-1957)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius__Boethius (^Roman philosopher who was executed for treason (480-524)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Jakob_Boehme__Boehme__Bohme__Jakob_Bohme__Boehm__Jakob_Boehm__Behmen__Jakob_Behmen (^German mystic and theosophist who founded modern theosophy; influenced George Fox (1575-1624)^)
   ^  #religious_mystic;


#Gianbattista_Bodoni__Bodoni (^Italian printer who designed the Bodoni font (1740-1813)^)
   ^  #pressman;


#Giovanni_Boccaccio__Boccaccio (^Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Leonard_Bloomfield__Bloomfield (^United States linguist who adopted a behavioristic approach to linguistics (1887-1949)^)
   ^  #linguist;


#Marc_Blitzstein__Blitzstein (^United States composer of operas and musical plays (1905-1964)^)
   ^  #composer;


#William_Bligh__Bligh__Captain_Bligh (^British admiral; was captain of the H.M.S. Bounty when the crew mutinied in 1789 (1754-1817)^)
   ^  #full_admiral;


#Louis_Bleriot__Bleriot (^French aviator who in 1909 made the first flight across the English Channel (1872-1936)^)
   ^  #aviator;


#William_Blake__Blake (^visionary British poet (1757-1827)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Joseph_Black__Black (^British chemist who identified carbon dioxide and who formulated the concepts of specific heat and latent heat (1728-1799)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Shirley_Temple_Black__Black__Shirley_Temple (^popular child actress of the 1930's (born 1927)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Prince_Otto_Eduard_Leopold_von_Bismarck__Bismarck__von_Bismarck__Otto_von_Bismarck__Prince_Otto_von_Bismarck__Iron_Chancellor (^German statesman under whose leadership Germany was united (1815-1898)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Alfred_Binet__Binet (^French psychologist remembered for his studies of the intellectual development of children (1857-1911)^)
   ^  #psychologist;


#Ambrose_Gwinett_Bierce__Bierce__Ambrose_Bierce (^United States writer of caustic wit (1842-1914)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Ernest_Bevin__Bevin (^British labor leader and statesman who played an important role in diplomacy after World War II (1884-1951)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#William_Henry_Beveridge__Beveridge__First_Baron_Beveridge (^British economist (born in India) whose report on social insurance provided the basis for most of the social legislation on which the welfare state in the United Kingdom is based (1879-1963)^)
   ^  #economist;


#Mary_McLeod_Bethune__Bethune (^United States educator who worked to improve race relations and educational opportunities for Black Americans (1875-1955)^)
   ^  #educator;


#Hans_Albrecht_Bethe__Bethe__Hans_Bethe (^United States physicist (born in Germany) noted for research in astrophysics and nuclear physics (born 1906)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Charles_Herbert_Best__Best__C._H._Best (^Canadian physiologist (born in the United States) who assisted F. G. Banting in research leading to the discovery of insulin (1899-1978)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Sir_Henry_Bessemer__Bessemer (^British inventor and metallurgist who developed the Bessemer process (1813-1898)^)
   ^  #metallurgist  #inventor;


#Friedrich_Wilhelm_Bessel__Bessel (^German mathematician and astronomer who made accurate measurements of stellar distances and who predicted the existence on an 8th planet (1784-1846)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #astronomer;


#Jons_Jakob_Berzelius__Berzelius (^Swedish chemist who discovered three new elements and determined the atomic weights of many others (1779-1848)^)
   ^  #chemist;


#Bernardo_Bertolucci__Bertolucci (^Italian filmmaker (born in 1940)^)
   ^  #film_maker;


#Alphonse_Bertillon__Bertillon (^French criminologist (1853-1914)^)
   ^  #criminologist;


#Charles_Edward_Berry__Berry__Chuck_Berry (^United States rock singer (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #rock_star;


#Lawrence_Peter_Berra__Berra__Yogi__Yogi_Berra (^United States baseball player (born 1925)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Leonard_Bernstein__Bernstein (^United States conductor and composer (1918-1990)^)
   ^  #music_director  #composer;


#Daniel_Bernoulli__Bernoulli (^Swiss physicist who contributed to hydrodynamics and mathematical physics (1700-1782)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Johann_Bernoulli__Bernoulli__Jean_Bernoulli__John_Bernoulli (^Swiss mathematician (1667-1748)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Jacques_Bernoulli__Bernoulli__Jakob_Bernoulli__James_Bernoulli (^Swiss mathematician (1654-1705)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Sarah_Bernhardt__Bernhardt__Henriette_Rosine_Bernard (^French actress (1844-1923)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Claude_Bernard__Bernard (^French physiologist noted for research on secretions of the alimentary canal and the glycogenic function of the liver (1813-1878)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Louis-Hector_Berlioz__Berlioz__Hector_Berlioz (^French composer (1803-1869)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Irving_Berlin__Berlin__Israel_Baline (^United States songwriter (born in Russia) who wrote more than 1500 songs and several musical comedies (1888-1989)^)
   ^  #songwriter;


#Bishop_Berkeley__Berkeley__George_Berkeley (^Irish philosopher and Anglican bishop who opposed the materialism of Thomas Hobbes (1685-1753)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #bishop;


#Vitus_Bering__Bering__Behring__Vitus_Behring (^Danish explorer who explored the North Pacific Ocean for the Russians and discovered the Bering Strait (1681-1741)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#Lavrenti_Pavlovich_Beria__Beria (^Soviet chief of secret police under Joseph Stalin; was executed by his associates in the power struggle following Stalin's death (1899-1953)^)
   ^  #police_captain;


#Henri_Louis_Bergson__Bergson__Henri_Bergson (^French philosopher who proposed elan vital as the cause of evolution and development (1859-1941)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Ingrid_Bergman__Bergman (^Swedish film actress (1915-1982)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Ingmar_Bergman__Bergman (^Swedish film director who used heavy symbolism and explored the psychology of the characters (born 1918)^)
   ^  #film_director;


#Thomas_Hart_Benton__Benton (^United States artist whose paintings portrayed life in the Midwest and South (1889-1975)^)
   ^  #painter;


#Old_Bullion__Benton__Thomas_Hart_Benton (^United States legislator who opposed the use of paper currency (1782-1858)^)
   ^  #legislator;


#Jeremy_Bentham__Bentham (^English philosopher and jurist; founder of utilitarianism (1748-1831)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #jurist;


#Floyd_Bennett__Bennett (^United States aviator who (with Richard E. Byrd) piloted the first flight over the North Pole (1890-1928)^)
   ^  #aviator;


#Benjamin (^(Old Testament) the youngest and best-loved son of Jacob and Rachel and one of the twelve forebears of the tribes of Israel^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#David_Ben_Gurion__Ben_Gurion__David_Grun (^Israeli statesman (born in Poland) and active Zionist who organized resistance against the British after World War II; prime minister of Israel (1886-1973)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ruth_Benedict__Benedict__Ruth_Fulton (^American anthropologist (1887-1948)^)
   ^  #anthropologist;


#Saint_Benedict__Benedict__St_Benedict (^Italian monk who founded the Benedictine order about 540 (480-547)^)
   ^  #monk;


#Robert_Charles_Benchley__Benchley__Robert_Benchley (^United States humorist (1889-1945)^)
   ^  #humorist;


#Belshazzar (^(Old Testament) Babylonian general and son of Nebuchadnezzar II; according to the Old Testament he was warned of his doom by divine handwriting on the wall that was interpreted by Daniel (6th century BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Roberto_Francesco_Romolo_Bellarmine__Bellarmine__Bellarmino__Cardinal_Bellarmine (^Italian cardinal and theologian (1542-1621)^)
   ^  #cardinal  #theologian;


#Alexander_Graham_Bell__Bell__Alexander_Bell (^American inventor of the telephone (1847-1922)^)
   ^  #inventor;


#Belisarius (^Byzantine general under Justinian I; he recovered former Roman territories in northern Africa and fought against the Persians^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Menachem_Begin__Begin (^Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as Prime Minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar el-Sadat of Egypt (1913-1992)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Ludwig_van_Beethoven__Beethoven__van_Beethoven (^German composer of symphonic and chamber music (1770-1827)^)
   ^  #composer;


#Sir_Henry_Maxmilian_Beerbohm__Beerbohm__Max_Beerbohm (^English writer and caricaturist (1872-1956)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #caricaturist;


#Henry_Ward_Beecher__Beecher (^United States clergyman who was a leader for the abolition of slavery (1813-1887)^)
   ^  #clergyman  #abolitionist;


#the_Venerable_Bede__Bede__Saint_Bede__St_Bede__Baeda__Saint_Baeda__St_Baeda__Beda__Saint_Beda__St_Beda (^English monk and scholar (672-735)^)
   ^  #theologian  #historian;


#Antoine_Henri_Becquerel__Becquerel__Henri_Becquerel (^French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Samuel_Beckett__Beckett (^an author born in Ireland who lived in France; wrote plays for the Theater of the Absurd (1906-1989)^)
   ^  #professional_writer  #dramatist;


#Saint_Thomas_a_Becket__Becket__Thomas_a_Becket__St_Thomas_a_Becket (^archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170; murdered following his opposition to Henry II concerning Henry's attempts to control the clergy (1118-1170)^)
   ^  #archbishop  #martyr;


#1st_Baron_Beaverbrook__Beaverbrook__William_Maxwell_Aitken (^British newspaper publisher and politician (born in Canada); confidant of Winston Churchill (1879-1964)^)
   ^  #newspaper_publisher  #politico;


#Simone_de_Beauvoir__Beauvoir (^French feminist and existentialist and novelist (1908-1986)^)
   ^  #feminist  #existentialist;


#George_Wells_Beadle__Beadle__George_Beadle (^United States biologist who discovered how hereditary characteristics are transmitted by genes (1903-1989)^)
   ^  #biologist;


#Chevalier_de_Bayard__Bayard__Seigneur_de_Bayard__Pierre_Terrail__Pierre_de_Terrail (^French soldier said to be fearless and chivalrous (1473-1524)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Charles_Pierre_Baudelaire__Baudelaire__Charles_Baudelaire (^a French poet noted for macabre imagery and evocative language (1821-1867)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Mikhail_Baryshnikov__Baryshnikov (^Russian dancer and choreographer who migrated to the United States (born in 1948)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#John_Barrymore__Barrymore (^United States actor; son of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1882-1942)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Ethel_Barrymore__Barrymore (^United States actress; daughter of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1879-1959)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Lionel_Barrymore__Barrymore (^United States actor; son of Maurice Barrymore and Georgiana Barrymore (1878-1954)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Georgiana_Emma_Barrymore__Barrymore__Georgiana_Barrymore (^United States actress; daughter of John Drew and wife of Maurice Barrymore; mother of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1854-1893)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Maurice_Barrymore__Barrymore__Herbert_Blythe (^United States actor; husband of Georgiana Emma Barrymore and father of Ethel Barrymore and John Barrymore and Lionel Barrymore (1847-1905)^)
   ^  #histrion;


#Sir_James_Matthew_Barrie__Barrie__James_Barrie__J._M._Barrie__James_Matthew_Barrie (^Scottish dramatist and novelist; created Peter Pan (1860-1937)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Phineas_Taylor_Barnum__Barnum__P._T._Barnum (^United States showman who popularized the circus (1810-1891)^)
   ^  #showman;


#Alben_William_Barkley__Barkley__Alben_Barkley (^American politician and lawyer; vice president of the United States (1877-1956)^)
   ^  #politico;


#John_Bardeen__Bardeen (^American physicist who won the Nobel Prize for physics twice (1908-1991)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Khayr_ad-Din__Barbarossa (^Barbary pirate (died in 1546)^)
   ^  #Barbary_pirate;


#Robert_Barany__Barany (^Austrian physician who developed a rotational method for testing the middle ear (1876-1936)^)
   ^  #doc;


#Imamu_Amiri_Baraka__Baraka__LeRoi_Jones (^United States writer of poems and plays about racial conflict (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Sir_Frederick_Grant_Banting__Banting__F._G._Banting (^Canadian physiologist who discovered insulin with C. H. Best and who used it to treat diabetes(1891-1941)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Sir_Roger_Gilbert_Bannister__Bannister__Roger_Bannister (^English runner who in 1954 became the first person to run a mile in less than four minutes (born in 1929)^)
   ^  #four-minute_man;


#Sir_Joseph_Banks__Banks (^English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)^)
   ^  #botanist;


#Tallulah_Bankhead__Bankhead (^uninhibited United States actress (1903-1968)^)
   ^  #actress;


#Honore_de_Balzac__Balzac__Honore_Balzac (^French novelist; he portrays the complexity of 19th century French society (1799-1850)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Arthur_James_Balfour__Balfour__1st_Earl_of_Balfour (^English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1848-1930)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#1st_Earl_Baldwin_of_Bewdley__Baldwin__Stanley_Baldwin (^English statesman; member of the Conservative Party (1867-1947)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Vasco_Nunez_de_Balboa__Balboa (^Spanish explorer who discovered the Pacific Ocean (1475-1519)^)
   ^  #navigator;


#George_Balanchine__Balanchine (^United States dancer and choreographer (born in Russia) noted for his abstract and formal works (1904-1983)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Mikhail_Aleksandrovich_Bakunin__Bakunin__Mikhail_Bakunin (^Russian anarchist; ally and later opponent of Karl Marx (1814-1876)^)
   ^  #anarchist;


#Pearl_Mae_Bailey__Bailey__Pearl_Bailey (^American singer (1918-1990)^)
   ^  #singer;


#Nathaniel_Bailey__Bailey__Nathan_Bailey (^English lexicographer who was the first to treat etymology consistently; his work was used as a reference by Samuel Johnson (died in 1742)^)
   ^  #lexicographer;


#Karl_Baedeker__Baedeker (^German publisher of a series of travel guidebooks (1801-1859)^)
   ^  #publisher;


#Roger_Bacon__Bacon (^English Franciscan monk and scientist who stressed the importance of experimentation; first showed that air is required for combustion and first used lenses to correct vision (1220-1292)^)
   ^  #monk  #scientist;


#Francis_Bacon__Bacon__Baron_Verulam__1st_Baron_Verulam__Viscount_St._Albans (^English statesman and philosopher; advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)^)
   ^  #statesman  #philosopher;


#Johann_Sebastian_Bach__Bach (^German organist and contrapuntist (1685-1750)^)
   ^  #organist  #composer;


#Amedeo_Avogadro__Avogadro (^Italian physicist noted for his work on gases; proposed what has come to be called Avogadro's law (1776-1856)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Jane_Austen__Austen (^English novelist noted for her insightful portrayals of middle-class families (1775-1817)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Augustus__Gaius_Octavianus__Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus__Octavian (^Roman statesman who became emperor of Rome after defeating Mark Antony at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)^)
   ^  #statesman  #Roman_Emperor;


#St_Augustine__Augustine__Saint_Augustine (^one of the Fathers of the Roman Catholic Church; after a dramatic conversion to Christianity he became Bishop of Hippo in North Africa (354-430)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#John_James_Audubon__Audubon (^American ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)^)
   ^  #ornithologist  #artist;


#Wystan_Hugh_Auden__Auden__W._H._Auden (^American poet (born in England) (1907-1973)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Clement_Richard_Attlee__Attlee__Clement_Attlee__1st_Earl_Attlee (^British statesman and leader of the Labour party who instituted the welfare state in England (1883-1967)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Attila__Scourge_of_God__Scourge_of_the_Gods (^king of the Huns; the most successful barbarian invader of the Roman Empire (406-453)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Athelstan (^the first Saxon ruler who extended his kingdom to include nearly all of England (895-939)^)
   ^  #male_monarch  #Saxon;


#Athanasius_the_Great__Athanasius__Saint_Athanasius__St_Athanasius (^Greek patriarch of Alexandria who championed Christian orthodoxy against Arianism (293-373)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Nancy_Witcher_Astor__Astor__Viscountess_Astor (^British politician (born in the United States) who was the first woman to sit in the British House of Commons (1879-1964)^)
   ^  #viscountess  #politico;


#John_Jacob_Astor__Astor (^American capitalist (born in Germany) who made a fortune in fur trading (1763-1848)^)
   ^  #capitalist;


#Fred_Astaire__Astaire (^United States dancer and cinema actor noted for his original and graceful tap dancing (1899-1987)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #histrion;


#Ashurbanipal__Assurbanipal__Asurbanipal (^king of Assyria who built a magnificent palace and library at Nineveh (668-627 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Sir_Frederick_Ashton__Ashton (^British choreographer (1906-1988)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Arthur_Robert_Ashe__Ashe__Arthur_Ashe (^United States tennis player who was the first Black to win United States and English singles championships (1943-1993)^)
   ^  #tennis_player;


#Sholem_Asch__Asch__Shalom_Asch__Sholom_Asch (^United States writer (born in Poland) who wrote in Yiddish (1880-1957)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Chester_Alan_Arthur__Arthur__Chester_A._Arthur__President_Arthur (^elected Vice President and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#King_Arthur__Arthur (^a legendary king of the Britons (possibly based on a historical figure in the 6th century but the story has been retold too many times to be sure); said to have led the Knights of the Round Table at Camelot^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Artaxerxes_II (^king of Persia who subdued numerous revolutions and made peace with Sparta (?-359 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch  #Irani;


#Artaxerxes_I (^king of Persia who sanctioned the practice of Judaism in Jerusalem (?-424 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch  #Irani;


#Svante_August_Arrhenius__Arrhenius (^Swedish chemist and chemist noted for his theory of chemical dissociation (1859-1927)^)
   ^  #chemist  #physicist;


#Jean_Arp__Arp__Hans_Arp (^Alsatian artist and poet who was cofounder of Dadaism in Zurich; noted for abstract organic sculptures (1887-1966)^)
   ^  #artist  #poet;


#Matthew_Arnold__Arnold (^English poet and literary critic (1822-1888)^)
   ^  #poet  #literary_critic;


#Benedict_Arnold__Arnold (^American general and traitor in the American Revolution; in 1780 his plan to surrender West Point to the British was foiled (1741-1801)^)
   ^  #full_general  #traitor;


#Neil_Armstrong__Armstrong (^United States astronaut; the first man to set foot on the moon (July 20, 1969) (1930- )^)
   ^  #astronaut;


#Louis_Armstrong__Armstrong__Satchmo (^United States jazz trumpeter and bandleader (1900-1971)^)
   ^  #jazz_musician  #cornetist;


#Jacobus_Arminius__Arminius__Jacob_Harmensen (^Dutch Protestant theologian who founded Arminianism (1560-1609)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Arminius__Armin__Hermann (^German hero; leader at the battle of Teutoburger Wald in AD 9 (circa 18 BC - AD 19)^)
   ^  #hero.leader  #German_person;


#Aristotle (^one of the greatest of the ancient Athenian philosophers; pupil of Plato; teacher of Alexander the Great (384-322 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher;


#Aristophanes (^an ancient Greek dramatist remembered for his comedies (448-380 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Aristarchus_of_Samos (^an ancient Greek astronomer who was one of the first to propose a heliocentric theory of the universe (circa 270 BC)^)
   ^  #astronomer;


#Aristarchus.grammarian (^an ancient Greek grammarian remembered for his commentary on the Iliad and Odyssey (circa 217-145 BC)^)
   ^  #grammarian;


#Archimedes (^Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)^)
   ^  #mathematician  #physicist;


#Louis_Aragon__Aragon (^French writer who generalized surrealism to literature (1897-1982)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Saint_Thomas_Aquinas__Aquinas__Thomas_Aquinas__Saint_Thomas__St_Thomas__St_Thomas_Aquinas (^Italian (Roman Catholic) theologian remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology (1225-1274)^)
   ^  #theologian;


#Sir_Edward_Victor_Appleton__Appleton__Edward_Appleton (^English physicist remembered for his studies of the ionosphere (1892-1966)^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Guillaume_Apollinaire__Apollinaire__Wilhelm_Apollinaris_de_Kostrowitzki (^French poet; precursor of surrealism (1880-1918)^)
   ^  #poet;


#Mark_Antony__Antony__Anthony__Mark_Anthony__Antonius__Marcus_Antonius (^Roman general under Julius Caesar in the Gallic wars; repudiated his wife for the Egyptian queen Cleopatra; they were defeated by Octavian at Actium (83-30 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#Antonius_Pius (^Emperor of Rome; adoptive son of Hadrian (86-161)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus__Antoninus__Aurelius__Marcus_Aurelius__Marcus_Annius_Verus (^Emperor of Rome; nephew and son-in-law and adoptive son of Antonius Pius; Stoic philosopher; the decline of the Roman Empire began under Marcus Aurelius (121-180)^)
   ^  #Roman_Emperor;


#Antigonus_Cyclops__Antigonus__Monophthalmos (^a general of Alexander the Great and king of Macedonia; lost one eye; killed in a battle at Ipsus (382-301 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #Macedonian;


#Antichrist (^the adversary of Christ (or Christianity) mentioned in the New Testament; the Antichrist will rule the world until overthrown by the Second Coming of Christ^)
   ^  #adversary;


#Susan_Brownell_Anthony__Anthony__Susan_Anthony__Susan_B._Anthony (^American suffragist (1820-1906)^)
   ^  #suffragist;


#Saint_Anselm__Anselm__St_Anselm (^Italian Benedictine monk who was archbishop of Canterbury from 1093 to 1109; one of the founders of scholasticism^)
   ^  #archbishop;


#Jean_Anouilh__Anouilh (^French dramatist noted for his reinterpretations of Greek myths (1910-1987)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Roy_Chapman_Andrews__Andrews (^American naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Saint_Andrew_the_Apostle__Andrew__Saint_Andrew__St_Andrew (^(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland^)
   ^  #Apostle;


#Sherwood_Anderson__Anderson (^American author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Philip_Warren_Anderson__Anderson__Philip_Anderson__Phil_Anderson (^American physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923- )^)
   ^  #physicist;


#Maxwell_Anderson__Anderson (^American dramatist (1888-1959)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Marian_Anderson__Anderson (^American contralto noted for her performance of spirituals (1902-1993)^)
   ^  #contralto;


#Carl_David_Anderson__Anderson__Carl_Anderson (^American physicist who discovered antimatter: an antielectron called the positron (1905-1991)^)
   ^  #nuclear_physicist;


#Hans_Christian_Andersen__Andersen (^a Danish author remembered for his fairy stories (1805-1875)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Roald_Amundsen__Amundsen (^Norwegian explorer who was the first to traverse the Northwest Passage and in 1911 the first to reach the South Pole (1872-1928)^)
   ^  #explorer;


#Nicolo_Amati__Amati__Nicola_Amati (^Italian violin maker in Cremona; taught the craft to Guarneri and Stradivari (1596-1684)^)
   ^  #violin_maker;


#Alicia_Alonso__Alonso (^Cuban dancer and choreographer (born in 1921)^)
   ^  #professional_dancer  #choreographer;


#Allen_Stewart_Konigsberg__Allen__Woody_Allen (^American filmmaker and comic actor (1935- )^)
   ^  #film_maker  #histrion;


#Ethan_Allen__Allen (^American Revolutionary soldier whose troops helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1738-1789)^)
   ^  #soldier;


#Ali__Muhammad_Ali__Cassius_Clay__Cassius_Marcellus_Clay (^American prizefighter who won the world heavyweight championship three times (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #prizefighter;


#Horatio_Alger__Alger (^American author of inspirational adventure stories for boys; virtue and hard work overcome poverty (1832-1899)^)
   ^  #professional_writer;


#Alfred_the_Great__Alfred__AElfred (^king of Wessex; defeated the Danes and encouraged writing in English (849-899)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Pope_Alexander_VI__Alexander_VI__Borgia__Rodrigo_Borgia (^Italian Pope and father of Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia (1431-1503)^)
   ^  #pope;


#Alexander_the_Great__Alexander (^king of Macedon; conqueror of Greece and Egypt and Persia; founder of Alexandria (356-323 BC)^)
   ^  #conqueror;


#Louisa_May_Alcott__Alcott (^American novelist noted for children's books (1832-1888)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Alcibiades (^ancient Athenian statesman and general in the Peloponnesian War (circa 450-404 BC)^)
   ^  #full_general  #statesman  #Athenian;


#Alcaeus (^Greek lyric poet of Lesbos; reputed inventor of Alcaic verse (611-580 BC)^)
   ^  #poet  #Lesbian;


#Albert_Francis_Charles_Augustus_Emmanuel__Albert__Prince_Albert (^Prince Consort of Queen Victoria of England (1819-1861)^)
   ^  #prince_consort;


#Josef_Albers__Albers (^United States painter born in Germany; works characterized by simple geometrical patterns in various colors (1888-1976)^)
   ^  #abstractionist;


#Edward_Albee__Albee__Edward_Franklin_Albeen (^American dramatist (1928- )^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Alaric (^king of the Visigoths who captured Rome in 410 (370-410)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Akhenaton__Akhenaten__Ikhanaton__Amenhotep_IV (^King of Egypt who rejected the old gods and replaced them with sun worship (died in 1358 BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Thomas_a_Kempis__a_Kempis (^German ecclesiastic (1380-1471)^)
   ^  #cleric;


#Alvin_Ailey__Ailey (^United States choreographer noted for his use of African elements (born in 1931)^)
   ^  #choreographer;


#Ahab (^according to the Old Testament he was a pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel (9th century BC)^)
   ^  #male_monarch;


#Agrippina_the_Younger__Agrippina (^wife who poisoned Claudius after her son Nero was declared heir and who was then put to death by Nero^)
   ^  #Roman.European;


#Agrippina_the_Elder__Agrippina (^granddaughter of Augustus and mother of Caligula and Agrippina the Younger (14 BC - AD 33)^)
   ^  #Roman.European;


#Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa__Agrippa (^Roman general who commanded the fleet that defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at Actium (63-12 BC)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola__Agricola (^Roman general who was governor of Britain and extended Roman rule north to the Firth of Forth (37-93)^)
   ^  #full_general;


#James_Agee__Agee (^American novelist (1909-1955)^)
   ^  #novelist;


#Jean_Louis_Rodolphe_Agassiz__Agassiz__Louis_Agassiz (^United States naturalist (born in Switzerland) who studied fossil fish; recognized geological evidence that ice ages had occurred in North America (1807-1873)^)
   ^  #naturalist;


#Aesop (^Greek author of fables (circa 620-560 BC)^)
   ^  #fabulist;


#Aeschylus (^Greek dramatist; the father of Greek tragedy (525-456 BC)^)
   ^  #dramatist;


#Edgar_Douglas_Adrian__Adrian__Baron_Adrian (^English physiologist who conducted research into the function of neurons; 1st Baron of Cambridge (1889-1997)^)
   ^  #physiologist;


#Konrad_Adenauer__Adenauer (^German statesman; chancellor of West Germany (1876-1967)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Samuel_Adams__Adams__Sam_Adams (^American Revolutionary patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)^)
   ^  #American_Revolutionary_leader;


#President_John_Quincy_Adams__Adams__John_Quincy_Adams__President_Adams (^6th President of the United States and son of the 2nd President (1767-1848)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#President_John_Adams__Adams__John_Adams__President_Adams (^2nd President of the United States (1735-1826)^)
   ^  #President_of_the_United_States;


#Dean_Gooderham_Acheson__Acheson__Dean_Acheson (^American statesman who promoted the Marshall Plan and helped establish NATO (1893-1971)^)
   ^  #statesman;


#Abraham (^the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son^)
   ^  #patriarch;


#Pierre_Abelard__Abelard__Peter_Abelard (^French philosopher and theologian; lover of Heloise (1079-1142)^)
   ^  #philosopher  #theologian;


#Niels_Henrik_Abel__Abel__Niels_Abel (^Norwegian mathematician (1802-1829)^)
   ^  #mathematician;


#Henry_Louis_Aaron__Aaron__Hank_Aaron (^American professional baseball player who hit more home runs than Babe Ruth (born in 1934)^)
   ^  #ballplayer;


#Aaron (^(Old Testament) elder brother of Moses and first high priest of the Israelites; created the Golden Calf^)
   ^  #priest;


#William_Tell__Tell (^a Swiss patriot who lived in the early 14th century and who was renowned for his skill as an archer; according to legend an Austrian governor compelled him to shoot an apple from his son's head with his crossbow (which he did successfully without mishap)^)
   ^  #archer;


#Jacobite (^a supporter of James II after he was overthrown or a supporter of the Stuarts^)
   ^  #supporter;


#Jacobin (^a member of the radical movement that instituted the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution^)
   ^  #terrorist;


#Ali_Baba (^the fictional woodcutter who discovered that "open sesame" opens the cave of the Forty Thieves (Arabian Nights' Entertainments)^)
   ^  #fictional_character  #woodcutter;


#Ananias (^a habitual liar (after a New Testament character who was struck dead for lying)^)
   ^  #liar;


#Snoopy (^a fictional beagle in a comic strip drawn by Charles Schulz^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Sinbad_the_Sailor__Sinbad (^in the Arabian Nights a hero who tells of the fantastic adventures he had in his voyages^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Simon_Legree (^the cruel slave dealer in an anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Sherlock_Holmes__Holmes (^a fictitious detective in stories by A. Conan Doyle^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Uncle_Sam (^a personification of the United States government^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Uncle_Tom (^a servile black character in a novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Tom_Sawyer (^the boy hero of a novel by Mark Twain^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Tarzan_of_the_Apes__Tarzan (^a man raised by apes who was the hero of a series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Huckleberry_Finn__Huck_Finn (^a mischievous boy in a novel by Mark Twain^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Pluto.fictional_character (^a cartoon character created by Walt Disney^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Pierrot (^a male character in French pantomime; usually dressed in white with a whitened face^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Peter_Pan (^the main character in a play by J. M. Barrie; a boy who won't grow up^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Perry_Mason (^fictional detective in novels by Erle Stanley Gardner^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Pantaloon (^a character in the commedia dell'arte; portrayed as a foolish old man^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Pangloss (^an incurable optimist in "Candide" (a satire by Voltaire)^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Othello (^the hero of William Shakespeare's tragedy who would not trust his wife^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Mr._Moto (^Japanese sleuth created by John Marquand^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Mother_Goose (^the imaginary author of a collection of nursery rhymes^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Wilkins_Micawber__Micawber (^fictional character created by Charles Dickens; an eternal optimist^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Mephistopheles (^evil spirit to whom Faust sold his soul^)
   ^  #evil_spirit;


#Philip_Marlowe__Marlowe (^tough cynical detective (one of the early detective heroes in American fiction) created by Raymond Chandler^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Lilliputian (^a 6-inch tall inhabitant of Lilliput in Swift's Gulliver's Travels^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Leda (^(Greek mythology) a queen of Sparta who was raped by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan; Helen of Troy was conceived in the rape of Leda^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#King_Lear__Lear (^the hero of William Shakespeare's tragedy who was betrayed and mistreated by two of his scheming daughters^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Kilroy (^a nonexistent person popularized by American servicemen during World War II; "Kilroy was here"^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Inspector_Maigret__Commissaire_Maigret (^a fictional detective in novels by Georges Simenon^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Iago (^the villain in William Shakespeare's tragedy who tricked Othello into murdering his wife^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Captain_Horatio_Hornblower__Horatio_Hornblower (^a fictional English admiral during the Napoleonic Wars in novels written by C. S. Forester^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Helen_of_Troy__Helen (^(Greek mythology) the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Hector (^(Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Hamlet (^the hero of William Shakespeare's tragedy who hoped to avenge the murder of his father^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Gulliver (^a fictional Englishman who travels to the imaginary land of Lilliput (in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels)^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Goofy (^a cartoon character created by Walt Disney^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Frankenstein's_monster__Frankenstein (^the monster created by Frankenstein in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (the creator's name is commonly used to refer to his creation)^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Frankenstein (^the fictional Swiss scientist who was the protagonist in a gothic novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley; he created a monster from parts of corpses^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Faust__Faustus (^an alchemist of German legend who sold his soul to Mephistopheles in exchange for knowledge^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Father_Brown (^a Catholic priest who was the hero of detective stories by G. K. Chesterton^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Sir_John_Falstaff__Falstaff (^a dissolute character in Shakespeare's plays^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Fagin (^a villainous Jew in Charles Dickens' novel "Oliver Twist"; Fagin was a fence who trained boys as pickpockets^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#El_Cid (^the hero of a Spanish epic poem from the 12th century^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Don_Quixote (^the hero of a romance by Cervantes; chivalrous but impractical^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Peleus (^a king of the Myrmidons and father of Achilles^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Tiresias (^(Greek mythology) the blind prophet of Thebes who revealed to Oedipus that Oedipus had murdered his father and married his mother^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#King_Oedipus__Oedipus__Oedipus_Rex (^(Greek mythology) a tragic king of Thebes who unknowingly killed his father Laius and married his mother Jocasta; the subject of the drama `Oedipus Rex' by Sophocles^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Myrmidon (^(Greek mythology) a member of the warriors who followed Achilles on the expedition against Troy^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Laius (^(Greek mythology) king of Thebes who was unwittingly killed by his son Oedipus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Laocoon (^(Greek mythology) the priest of Apollo who warned the Trojans to beware of Greeks bearing gifts when they wanted to accept the Trojan Horse; a god who favored the Greeks (Poseidon or Athena) sent snakes who coiled around Laocoon and his two twin sons killing them^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Electra (^(Greek mythology) the daughter of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; persuaded her brother (Orestes) to avenge Agamemnon's death by helping her to kill Clytemnestra and her lover (Aegisthus)^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Jocasta (^(Greek mythology) queen of Thebes who unknowingly married her own son Oedipus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Creon (^(Greek mythology) the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Oedipus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Antigone (^(Greek mythology) the daughter of King Oedipus who disobeyed her father and was condemned to death^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Cassandra (^(Greek mythology) a prophetess in Troy during the Trojan War whose predictions were true but were never believed^)
   ^  #prophetess;


#Orestes (^(Greek mythology) the son of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra; his sister Electra persuaded him to avenge Agamemnon's death by killing Clytemnestra and Aegisthus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Aegisthus (^(Greek mythology) seducer of Clytemnestra and murderer of Agamemnon who usurped the throne of Mycenae until Agamemnon's son Orestes returned home and killed him^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Clytemnestra (^(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon who had him murdered when he returned from the Trojan War^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Menelaus (^(Greek mythology) the king of Sparta at the time of the Trojan War; brother of Agamemnon; husband of Helen^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Agamemnon (^(Greek mythology) the king who lead the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Aeneas (^a mythical Greek warrior who was a leader on the Trojan side of the Trojan War; hero of Virgil's Aeneid^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Achilles (^a mythical Greek hero of Homer's Iliad; a foremost Greek warrior at the siege of Troy; when he was a baby his mother tried to make him immortal by bathing him in a magical river but the heel by which she held him remained vulnerable--his "Achilles' heel"^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Cybele__Dindymene__Great_Mother__Magna_Mater__Mater_Turrita (^great nature goddess of ancient Phrygia in Asia Minor; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Roman Ops^)
   ^  #Phrygian_deity;


#Tantalus (^(Greek mythology) a wicked king and son of Zeus; condemned in Hades to stand in water that receded when he tried to drink and beneath fruit that receded when he reached for it^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Theseus (^(Greek mythology) a hero and king of Athens who was noted for his many great deeds: killed Procrustes and the Minotaur and defeated the Amazons and united Attica^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Penelope (^(Greek mythology) the wife of Odysseus and a symbol of devotion and fidelity; for 10 years while Odysseus fought the Trojan War she resisted numerous suitors until Odysseus returned and killed them^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Ulysses  (^Roman misspelling for Odysseus^)
   ^  #mythical_being,
   ~  #Odysseus;


#Odysseus (^(Greek Mythology) a famous mythical Greek hero; his return to Ithaca after the siege of Troy was described in Homer's Odyssey^)
   ^  #mythical_being,
   ~  #Ulysses;


#Laertes (^(Greek mythology) the father of Odysseus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Medea (^(Greek mythology) a princess of Colchis who aided Jason in taking the Golden Fleece from her father^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Jason (^(Greek mythology) the husband of Medea and leader of the Argonauts who sailed in quest of the Golden Fleece^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Dracula (^fictional vampire in a gothic horror novel by Bram Stoker^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Colonel_Blimp (^a pompous reactionary cartoon character created by Sir David Low^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Cinderella (^a fictional young girl who is saved from her stepmother and stepsisters by her fairy godmother and a handsome prince^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Chicken_Little (^a fictional character who was hit on the head with an acorn and believed that the sky was falling^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Cheshire_cat (^a fictional cat with a broad fixed smile on its face; created by Lewis Carroll^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#John_Henry (^hero of American folk tales; portrayed as an enormously strong black man who worked on the railroads and died from exhaustion after winning a contest with a steam drill^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Paul_Bunyan__Bunyan (^a legendary giant lumberjack of the north woods of the United States and Canada; had a blue ox named Babe; "the lakes of Minnesota began when Paul Bunyan and Babe's footprints filled with water"^)
   ^  #fictional_character  #lumberman;


#Brunhild__Brunnhilde__Brynhild (^(Teutonic and Norse mythology) a Valkyrie or a queen in the Nibelungenlied who loved the hero Siegfried; when he deceived her she had him killed and then committed suicide^)
   ^  #Valkyrie;


#James_Bond__Bond (^British secret operative 007 in novels by Ian Fleming^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Bluebeard (^(fairy tale) a monstrous villain who marries seven women; he kills the first six for disobedience^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Beowulf (^the legendary hero of an anonymous Old English epic poem composed in the early 8th century; he slays a monster and becomes king but dies fighting a dragon^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Beatrice (^a woman who guided Dante through Paradise in The Divine Comedy^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Babar (^an imaginary elephant that appears in a series of French books for children^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Aladdin (^in the Arabian Nights a boy who acquires a magic lamp from which he can summon a genie^)
   ^  #fictional_character;


#Ajax (^a mythical Greek hero; a warrior who fought against Troy in Homer's Iliad^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Seth (^(Old Testament) third son of Adam; given by God in place of the murdered Abel^)
   ^  #adult_male;


#Abel (^(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Abel was killed by Cain^)
   ^  #adult_male;


#Cain (^(Old Testament) Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Cain killed Abel out of jealousy and was exiled by God^)
   ^  #adult_male;


#Eve (^(Old Testament) Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib and placed Adam and Even in the Garden of Eden^)
   ^  #adult_female;


#Adam (^(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race^)
   ^  #adult_male;


#Wyrd__Weird (^Fate personified; one of the Three Weird Sisters^)
   ^  #Anglo-Saxon_deity;


#the_Weird_Sisters__the_Three_Weird_Sisters (^the three Anglo-Saxon Fates or goddesses of destiny^)
   ^  #Anglo-Saxon_deity;


#Woden__Wodan (^chief god; counterpart of Norse Odin and Teutonic Wotan^)
   ^  #Anglo-Saxon_deity;


#Tiu (^god of war and sky; counterpart of Norse Tyr^)
   ^  #Anglo-Saxon_deity;


#Wotan (^supreme Teutonic god; counterpart of Norse Odin and Anglo-Saxon Woden^)
   ^  #Teutonic_deity;


#Nerthus__Hertha (^the Teutonic goddess of fertility; later identified with Norse Njord^)
   ^  #Teutonic_deity;


#Donar (^the Teutonic god of thunder; counterpart of Norse Thor^)
   ^  #Teutonic_deity;


#Wayland_the_Smith__Wayland__Wieland (^(European mythology) a supernatural smith and king of the elves; identified with Norse Volund^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Ymir (^(Norse mythology) the primeval giant slain by Odin and his brothers and from whose body they created the world: the sea from his blood; the earth from his flesh; the mountains from his bones; the sky from his skull^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Yggdrasil__Ygdrasil (^(Norse mythology) a huge ash tree whose roots and branches hold the earth and heaven and hell together^)
   ^  #mythical_being  #ash_tree;


#Volund (^(Norse mythology) a wonderful smith; identified with Anglo-Saxon Wayland and Teutonic Wieland^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Fenrir (^(Norse mythology) an enormous wolf that was fathered by Loki and that killed Odin^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Vitharr__Vithar__Vidar (^(Norse mythology) one of the Aesir; son of Odin; avenges his parent by slaying Fenrir at Ragnarok^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Vali (^(Norse mythology) one of the Aesir and avenger of Balder; son of Odin^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Ull__Ullr (^(Norse mythology) one of the Aesir known for his beauty and skill with bow and skis; son of Sif and stepson of Thor^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Tyr__Tyrr (^(Norse mythology) god of war and strife and son of Odin; identified with Anglo-Saxon Tiu^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Thor (^(Norse mythology) god of thunder and rain and farming; pictured as wielding a hammer emblematic of the thunderbolt; identified with Teutonic Donar^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Sigyn (^(Norse mythology) wife of Loki; held a cup over him during his punishment to spare him the pain of drops of poison^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Sif (^(Norse mythology) wife of Thor and guardian of the home^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Odin (^(Norse mythology) ruler of the Aesir; supreme god of war and poetry and knowledge and wisdom (for which he gave an eye) and husband of Frigg; identified with the Teutonic Wotan^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Skuld (^goddess of fate: Future^)
   ^  #Norn;


#Verdandi__Verthandi (^goddess of fate: Present^)
   ^  #Norn;


#Urd__Urth (^goddess of fate: Past^)
   ^  #Norn;


#Njord__Njorth (^chief of the Vanir; god of the sea and winds and prosperity; father of Frey and Freya; sometimes subsumes Teutonic Nerthus^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Nanna.Norse_deity (^wife of Balder^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Mimir (^(Norse mythology) giant who lives in the roots of Yggdrasil and guards the well of wisdom^)
   ^  #giant;


#Loki (^(Norse mythology) trickster; god of discord and mischief; contrived death of Balder and was overcome by Thor^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Jotun__Jotunn (^(Norse mythology) one of a race of giants often in conflict with the Aesir^)
   ^  #giant;


#Idun__Ithunn (^goddess of spring and wife of Bragi; guarded the apples that kept the gods eternally young^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Hoth__Hothr__Hoder__Hodr (^a blind god; misled by Loki he kills Balder by throwing a bough of mistletoe^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Hoenir (^one of the Aesir having a strong and beautiful body but a dull mind^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Hela__Hel (^goddess of the dead and queen of the underworld^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Heimdall__Heimdal__Heimdallr (^god of dawn and light; guardian of Asgard^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Frigg__Frigga (^goddess of the heavens and married love; wife of Odin^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Freya__Freyja (^goddess of love and fecundity; daughter of Njorth and sister of Frey^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Frey__Freyr (^god of earth's fertility and peace and prosperity; son of Njorth and brother of Freya; originally of the Vanir; later with the Aesir^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Forseti (^god of justice; son of Balder and Nanna^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Elli (^(Norse mythology) goddess of old age who defeated Thor in a wrestling match^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Bragi__Brage (^(Norse mythology) god of poetry and music; son of Odin^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Balder__Baldr (^(Norse mythology) god of light and peace and noted for his beauty and sweet nature; son of Odin and Frigg and husband of Nanna; killed by Hoth^)
   ^  #Norse_deity;


#Andvari (^(Norse mythology) a dwarf who possessed a treasure that was stolen by Loki^)
   ^  #dwarf;


#Pandora (^(Greek mythology) the first woman; created by Hephaestus on orders from Zeus who presented her to Epimetheus along with a box filled with evils^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Heracles__Hercules__Herakles__Alcides (^(classical mythology) a hero noted for his strength; performed 12 immense labors to gain immortality^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Leto__Latona (^wife or mistress of Zeus and mother of Apollo and Artemis in ancient mythology; called Latona in Roman mythology^)
   ^  #Greco-Roman_deity;


#Psyche (^(Greek mythology) a beautiful princess loved by Cupid who visited her at night and told her she must not try to see him; became the personification of the soul^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Tethys (^(Greek mythology) a Titaness and sea goddess; wife of Oceanus^)
   ^  #Titaness;


#Phoebe (^(Greek mythology) a Titaness who became identified with Artemis as goddess of the moon^)
   ^  #Titaness;


#Mnemosyne (^(Greek mythology) the Titaness who was goddess of memory; mother of the Muses^)
   ^  #Titaness;


#Themis (^(Greek mythology) the Titaness who was goddess of justice in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Titaness;


#Sylvanus__Silvanus (^(Roman mythology) Roman god of woods and fields and flocks; Pan is the Greek counterpart^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Ops (^(Roman mythology) goddess of abundance and fertility; wife of Saturn; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Rhea (^fertility goddess in ancient Greek mythology; wife of Cronus and mother of Zeus; identified with Roman Ops and Cybele of ancient Asia Minor^)
   ^  #Titaness,
   =  #Agdistis;


#Thea__Theia (^(Greek mythology) the Titaness who was mother of Helios and Selene and Eos in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Titaness;


#Prometheus (^(Greek mythology) the Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to mankind; Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock where an eagle gnawed at his liver until Hercules rescued him^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Epimetheus (^(Greek mythology) brother of Prometheus; despite Prometheus's warning against gifts from Zeus he accepted Pandora as his wife^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Atlas (^(Greek mythology) a Titan who was forced by Zeus to bear the sky on his shoulders^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Iapetus (^(Greek mythology) the Titan who was father of Atlas and Epimetheus and Prometheus in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Crius (^(Greek mythology) one of the Titans^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Cocus (^(Greek mythology) one of the Titans^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Oceanus (^(Greek mythology) god of the stream that flowed around the earth in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Jove__Jupiter  (^(Roman mythology) supreme god of Romans; counterpart of Greek Zeus^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   ~  #Zeus,
   =  #Jupiter_Fulgur  #Jupiter_Tonans  #Jupiter_Pluvius  #Jupiter_Optimus_Maximus  #Jupiter_Fidius;


#Zeus  (^(Greek mythology) the supreme god of ancient mythology; son of Rhea and Cronus whom he dethroned; husband and brother of Hera; brother of Poseidon and Hades; father of many gods^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   ~  #Jove;


#Zephyr (^(Greek mythology) the Greek god of the west wind^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Fortuna (^the goddess of fortune and good luck; counterpart of Greek Tyche^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Tyche (^(Greek mythology) the goddess of fortune; identified with Roman Fortuna^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Triton (^(Greek mythology) a sea god; son of Poseidon^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Tellus (^goddess of the earth; protector of marriage and fertility; identified with Greek Gaea^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Aurora (^goddess of the dawn; counterpart of Greek Eos^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Orpheus (^(Greek mythology) a great musician; when his wife Eurydice died he went to Hades to get her back but failed^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Orion (^(Greek mythology) a giant Boeotian hunter who pursued the Pleiades and was eventually slain by Artemis; was then placed in the sky as a constellation^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Eurydice (^(Greek mythology) the wife of Orpheus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Eos (^(Greek mythology) the winged goddess of the dawn in ancient mythology; daughter of Hyperion; identified with Roman Aurora^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Luna (^the goddess of the moon; counterpart of Greek Selene^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Selene (^(Greek mythology) goddess of the moon in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Luna^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Rhadamnathus (^(Greek mythology) a judge of the dead in the underworld^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Priapus (^(classical mythology) god of male procreative power and guardian of gardens and vineyards^)
   ^  #Greco-Roman_deity;


#Pythia__Pythoness (^(Greek mythology) the priestess of Apollo at Delphi who transmitted the oracles^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Dis__Orcus (^god of the underworld; counterpart of Greek Pluto^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Hades__Pluto__Aides__Aidoneus (^(Greek mythology) the god of the underworld in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and husband of Persephone^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Phaethon (^(Greek mythology) son of Helios; killed when trying to drive his father's chariot and came too close to earth^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Proserpina__Proserpine (^goddess of the underworld; counterpart of Greek Persephone^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Procrustes (^(Greek mythology) a mythical giant who was a thief and murderer; he would capture people and tie them to an iron bed, stretching them or hacking off their legs to make them fit; was killed by Theseus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Persephone__Despoina__Kore__Cora (^(Greek mythology) daughter of Zeus and Demeter; made queen of the underworld by Pluto in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Proserpina^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Neptune (^(Roman mythology) god of the sea; counterpart of Greek Poseidon^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Proteus (^(Greek mythology) a prophetic god who served Poseidon; was capable of changing his shape at will^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Poseidon (^(Greek mythology) the god of the sea and earthquakes in ancient mythology; brother of Zeus and Hades and Hera; identified with Roman Neptune^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Pontos__Pontus (^(Greek mythology) ancient personification of the sea; father of Nereus^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Pasiphae (^(Greek mythology) daughter of Helios and mother of Ariadne^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Faunus (^(Roman mythology) ancient rural deity; later considered a counterpart of Greek Pan^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Pan__the_goat_god (^(Greek mythology) god of fields and woods and shepherds and flocks; represented as a man with goat's legs and horns and ears; identified with Roman Sylvanus or Faunus^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Ouranos__Uranus (^(Greek mythology) god of the heavens; son and husband of Gaea and father of the Titans in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Victoria.Roman_deity (^goddess of victory; counterpart of Greek Nike^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Nike (^(Greek mythology) winged goddess of victory; identified with Roman Victoria^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Nereus (^(Greek mythology) a sea god son of Pontus and Gaea; lived in the depths of the sea with his wife Doris and their daughters the Nereids^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Nemesis (^(Greek mythology) the goddess of divine retribution and vengeance^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Urania (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of astronomy^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Thalia.Muse (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of comedy and pastoral poetry^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Terpsichore (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of the dance and of choral song^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Polyhymnia (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of singing and mime and sacred dance^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Melpomene (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of tragedy^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Euterpe (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of music (or the flute)^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Erato (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of lyric and love poetry^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Clio (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of history^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Calliope (^(Greek mythology) the Muse of epic poetry^)
   ^  #Muse;


#Momus__Momos (^god of blame and mockery^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Nona  (^the Fate who spins the thread of life; counterpart of Greek Clotho^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   ~  #Clotho;


#Morta (^the Fate who cuts the thread of life; counterpart of Greek Atropos^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   M  #Parcae;


#Decuma (^the Fate who determines the length of the thread of life; counterpart of Greek Lachesis^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   M  #Parcae;


#Parcae (^the 3 goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Greek Moirai and similar to the Norse Norns^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   m  #Decuma  #Morta;


#Atropos (^the Fate who cuts the thread of life; identified with Roman Morta^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   M  #Moirai;


#Lachesis (^the Fate who determines the length of the thread of life; identified with Roman Decuma^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   M  #Moirai;


#Clotho  (^the Fate who spins the thread of life; identified with Roman Nona^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   ~  #Nona,
   M  #Moirai;


#Moirai__Moirae (^the 3 goddesses of fate or destiny; identified with the Roman Parcae and similar to the Norse Norns^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   m  #Clotho  #Lachesis  #Atropos;


#Ariadne (^beautiful daughter of Minos and Pasiphae; she fell in love with Theseus and gave him the thread with which he found his way out of the Minotaur's labyrinth^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Minos (^son of Zeus and Europa; king of ancient Crete; ordered Daedalus to build the labyrinth; after death Minos became a judge in the underworld^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Hyperion (^(Greek mythology) a Titan who was the son of Gaea and Uranus and the father of Helios and Selene and Eos in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Hymen (^(Greek mythology) the god of marriage^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Vesta.Roman_deity (^(Roman mythology) goddess of the hearth and its fire whose flame was tended by vestal virgins; counterpart of Greek Hestia^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Hestia (^(Greek mythology) the goddess of the hearth and its fire in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vesta^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Juno (^(Roman mythology) queen of the Olympian gods who protected marriage; wife and sister of Jupiter; counterpart of Greek Hera^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Janus (^(Roman mythology) the Roman god of doorways and passages; is depicted with two faces on opposite sides of his head^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Io.maiden (^(Greek mythology) a maiden seduced by Zeus; when Hera was about to discover them together Zeus turned her into a white heifer^)
   ^  #maiden;


#Hera__Here (^queen of the Olympian gods in ancient Greek mythology; sister and wife of Zeus remembered for her jealously of the many mortal women Zeus fell in love with; identified with Roman Juno^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Hygeia (^(Greek mythology) the goddess of health^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Mercury.Roman_deity (^(Roman mythology) messenger of Jupiter and god of commerce; counterpart of Greek Hermes^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Hermaphroditus (^(Greek mythology) son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged with the nymph Salmacis to form one body^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Hermes (^(Greek mythology) messenger and herald of the gods; god of commerce and cunning and and invention and theft; identified with Roman Mercury^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Vulcan (^(Roman mythology) god of fire and metal working; counterpart of Greek Hephaestus^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Hephaestus__Hephaistos (^(Greek mythology) the lame god of fire and metal-working in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Vulcan^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Hecate (^(Greek mythology) Greek goddess of fertility who later became associated with Persephone as goddess of the underworld and protector of witches^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Sol (^(Greek mythology) ancient Roman god; personification of the sun; counterpart of Greek Helios^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Icarus (^(Greek mythology) son of Daedalus; while escaping from Crete with his father (using the wings Daedalus had made) he flew too close to the sun and the wax melted and he fell into the Aegean and drowned^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Helios (^(Greek mythology) ancient god of the sun; drove his chariot across the sky each day; identified with Roman Sol^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Hebe (^(Greek mythology) the goddess of youth and spring; wife of Hercules; daughter of Zeus and Hera; cupbearer to the Olympian gods^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Gaea__Gaia__Ge (^(Greek mythology) goddess of the earth and mother of Cronus and the Titans in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Damon_and_Pythias (^(Greek mythology) according to a Greek legend: when Pythias was sentenced to be executed Damon took his place to allow Pythias to get his affairs in order; when Pythias returned in time to save Damon the king was so impressed that he let them both live^)
   ^  #friend;


#Daedalus (^(Greek mythology) an Athenian inventor who built the Labyrinth of Minos; to escape the Labyrinth he fashioned wings for himself and his sone Icarus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Cupid__Amor (^(Roman mythology) god of love; counterpart of Greek Eros^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Eros (^(Greek mythology) god of love; son of Aphrodite; identified with Roman Cupid^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Nox__Night (^Roman goddess of night; daughter of Erebus; counterpart of Greek Nyx^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Erebus (^(Greek mythology) Greek god of darkness who dwelt in the underworld; son of Chaos; brother of Nox; father of Aether and Day^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Bacchus (^(in ancient Greece and Rome) god of wine; equivalent of Dionysus^)
   ^  #Greco-Roman_deity;


#Aesculapius (^the god of medicine and healing^)
   ^  #Greco-Roman_deity;


#Doris (^(Greek mythology) wife of Nereus and mother of the Nereids^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Dionysus (^(Greek mythology) god of wine and fertility and drama; the Greek name of Bacchus^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Ceres.Roman_deity (^(Roman mythology) goddess of agriculture; counterpart of Greek Demeter^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Demeter (^(Greek mythology) goddess of fertility and protector of marriage in ancient mythology; counterpart of Roman Ceres^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Saturn.Roman_deity (^(Roman mythology) god of agriculture and vegetation; counterpart of Greek Cronus; "Saturday is Saturn's Day"^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Dido  (^(Roman mythology) a princess of Tyre who was the founder and queen of Carthage; Virgil tells of her suicide when she was abandoned by Aeneas^)
   ^  #princess;


#Cronus (^(Greek mythology) the supreme god until Zeus dethroned him; son of Uranus and Gaea in ancient Greek mythology; identified with Roman Saturn^)
   ^  #Titan;


#Chaos (^(Greek mythology) the most ancient of gods; the personification of the infinity of space preceding creation of the universe^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Minerva (^(Roman mythology) goddess of wisdom; counterpart of Greek Athena^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Pallas_Athena__Athena__Athene__Pallas__Pallas_Athene (^(Greek mythology) goddess of wisdom and useful arts and prudent warfare; guardian of Athens; identified with Roman Minerva^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Ate (^goddess of criminal rashness and its punishment^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Diana (^(Roman mythology) virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon; counterpart of Greek Artemis^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Boreas (^(Greek mythology) the god who personified the north wind; "Boreas was pictured as bearded and powerful and winged and draped against the cold"^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Artemis__Cynthia (^(Greek mythology) the virgin goddess of the hunt and the moon; daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo; identified with Roman Diana^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Remus (^(Roman mythology) the twin brother of Romulus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Romulus (^(Roman mythology) founder of Rome; suckled with his twin brother Remus by a wolf after their parents (Rhea Silvia and Mars) abandoned them; Romulus killed Remus in an argument over the building of Rome^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Nyx (^(Greek mythology) Greek goddess of the night; daughter of Chaos; counterpart of Roman Nox^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Mors (^(Roman mythology) Roman god of death; counterpart of Thanatos^)
   ^  #Roman_deity;


#Thanatos (^(Greek mythology) the Greek personification of death; son of Nyx^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Eris (^(Greek mythology) goddess of discord; sister of Ares^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Mars  (^(Roman mythology) Roman god of war and agriculture; father of Romulus and Remus; counterpart of Greek Ares^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   ~  #Ares;


#Ares  (^(Greek mythology) Greek god of war; son of Zeus and Hera; identified with Roman Mars^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   ~  #Mars;


#Galatea (^(Greek mythology) a maiden who was first a sculpture created by Pygmalion and was brought to life by Aphrodite in answer to Pygmalion's prayers^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Pygmalion (^(Greek mythology) a king who created a statue of a woman and fell in love with it; Aphrodite brought the sculpture to life as Galatea^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Leander (^(Greek mythology) a youth beloved of Hero who drowned in a storm in the Hellespont on one of his nightly visits to see her^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Hero (^(Greek mythology) priestess of Aphrodite who killed herself when her lover Leander drowned while trying to swim the Hellespont to see her^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Venus.Roman_deity__Urania  (^goddess of love; counterpart of Greek Aphrodite^)
   ^  #Roman_deity,
   ~  #Aphrodite;


#Aphrodite__Cytherea  (^goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology; identified with Roman Venus^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   ~  #Venus.Roman_deity;


#Phoebus_Apollo__Apollo__Phoebus (^Greek god of light; god of prophesy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis^)
   ^  #Greek_deity,
   =  #Pythius;


#Aether (^personification of the sky or upper air breathed by the Olympians; son of Erebus and Night or of Chaos and Darkness^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Aeolus (^god of the winds in ancient mythology^)
   ^  #Greek_deity;


#Salmacis (^nymph who merged with Hermaphroditus to form one body^)
   ^  #nymph;


#Napaea__Napea (^Greek mythology^)
   ^  #dryad;


#Oceanid (^(Greek mythology) sea nymph who was a daughter of the Titans Oceanus and Tethys^)
   ^  #sea_nymph;


#Thetis (^(Greek mythology) one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus^)
   ^  #Nereid;


#Daphne (^(Greek mythology) a nymph who was transformed into a laurel tree to escape the amorous Apollo^)
   ^  #nymph;


#Pleiades.nymph (^(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Hyades; placed among the stars to save them from the pursuit of Orion^)
   ^  #nymph,
   m  #Asterope;


#Hyades (^(Greek mythology) 7 daughters of Atlas and half-sisters of the Pleiades; they nurtured the infant Dionysus and Zeus placed them among the stars as a reward^)
   ^  #nymph;


#Hesperides__Atlantides (^(Greek mythology) group of 3 to 7 nymphs who guarded the golden apples that Gaea gave as a wedding gift to Hera^)
   ^  #nymph;


#Echo (^(Greek mythology) a nymph who was spurned by Narcissus and pined away until only her voice remained^)
   ^  #nymph;


#Silenus (^the chief satyr in the service of Bacchus; father of Dionysus; usually depicted as drunk and jolly and riding a donkey^)
   ^  #forest_god;


#Adonis (^(Greek mythology) a handsome youth loved by Aphrodite, the goddess of love^)
   ^  #demigod;


#Flying_Dutchman.specter (^the captain of a phantom ship (the Flying Dutchman) who was condemned to sail against the wind until Judgment Day^)
   ^  #specter;


#Morgan_le_Fay (^a wicked fairy who was the half sister of King Arthur^)
   ^  #faery;


#Satan__Old_Nick__Devil__the_Devil__Lucifer__Beelzebub__the_Tempter__Prince_of_Darkness (^(Judeo-Christian religion) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell^)
   ^  #spiritual_being;


#Raphael (^an archangel of the Hebrew tradition^)
   ^  #archangel;


#Michael (^(Old Testament) the guardian archangel of the Jews^)
   ^  #archangel;


#Gabriel (^(Bible) the archangel who was the messenger of God^)
   ^  #archangel;


#Ninigi__Ninigino-Mikoto (^grandson of Amaterasu and first ruler of Japan^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Kwannon (^Japanese counterpart of Chinese Kuan Yin;^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Kami (^one the Shinto deities (including mythological beings; spirits of distinguished men; forces of nature)^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Izanami (^sister and consort of Izanami; mother of the islands and gods of Japan^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Izanagi (^the god who fathered the islands and gods of Japan with his sister Izanami^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Hotei (^one of the 7 gods of happiness^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Hachiman (^a Shinto god of war^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Amaterasu_Omikami__Amaterasu (^central deity of Shinto; goddess personifying the sun and ancestress of the rulers of Japan^)
   ^  #Japanese_deity;


#Chuang-tzu (^4th-century Chinese philosopher on whose teachings Lao-Tzu based Taoism^)
   ^  #religious_mystic;


#Shen-pao__Spiritual_Jewel (^a member of the Taoist Trinity; identified with Lao-Tse^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity,
   M  #Taoist_Trinity;


#Ling-pao__Mystic_Jewel (^a member of the Taoist Trinity^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity,
   M  #Taoist_Trinity;


#Tien-pao__Heavenly_Jewel (^a member of the Taoist Trinity^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity,
   M  #Taoist_Trinity;


#Taoist_Trinity (^The Three Pure Ones: 3 chief gods of Taoism^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity,
   m  #Tien-pao  #Ling-pao  #Shen-pao;


#Wen_Ch'ang__Wen-Ti (^Chinese god of literature^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity;


#Chang_Kuo-lao__Chang_Kuo (^one of the 8 immortals of Taoism^)
   ^  #Chinese_deity;


#Maitreya (^the Bodhisattva who is to appear as a Buddha 5000 years after the death of Gautama^)
   ^  #Bodhisattva;


#Gautama_Buddha__Buddha__the_Buddha__Siddhartha__Gautama__Gautama_Siddhartha (^founder of Buddhism; worshipped as a god (c 563-483 BC)^)
   ^  #religious_mystic;


#Ahriman (^the spirit of evil in Zoroastrianism; arch rival of Ormazd^)
   ^  #Persian_deity;


#Ormazd__Ormuzd__Ahura_Mazda (^chief deity of Zoroastrianism; source of light and embodiment of good^)
   ^  #Persian_deity;


#Mithras__Mithra (^ancient Persian god of light and truth; sun god^)
   ^  #Persian_deity;


#Parashurama (^an incarnation of Vishnu who rid the earth of Kshatriyas^)
   ^  #Rama;


#Balarama (^elder brother of Krishna; an incarnation of Vishnu^)
   ^  #Rama;


#Sita (^wife of Ramachandra^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Ramachandra (^a hero in Hindu mythology; an incarnation of Vishnu^)
   ^  #Rama;


#Krishna (^8th and most important avatar of Vishnu; incarnated as a handsome young man playing a flute^)
   ^  #avatar;


#Kalki (^the 10th and last incarnation of Vishnu^)
   ^  #avatar;


#Jagannath__Jagannatha__Jagganath__Juggernaut (^an avatar of Vishnu^)
   ^  #avatar;


#Yama (^god of the Underworld^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Vayu (^wind god^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Varuna (^supreme cosmic deity; god of natural and moral law; ancient sky god^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Vajra (^Indras's thunderbolt^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Ushas (^goddess of dawn; daughter of Sky and sister of Night^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Uma (^a benevolent aspect of Devi; `splendor'^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Surya (^an important god; sun god or the sun worshipped as a god of light and warmth^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Soma (^personification of a sacred intoxicating drink used in Vedic ritual^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Skanda (^god of war^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Shakti__Sakti (^the female or generative principle; wife of Siva and a benevolent form of Devi^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Savitar (^an important god; the sun in its life-giving aspect^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Sarasvati (^goddess of learning and arts^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Rudra (^father of the storm gods Marut; controller of nature; sometimes identified with Siva^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Ribhus__Rhibhus (^one of three artisans of the gods^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Rahu (^a demon who swallows the sun causing eclipses^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Pushan (^celestial shepherd god; conductor of souls of the dead^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Prajapati (^god personifying a creative force; equivalent to Brahma^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Parvati__Anapurna__Annapurna (^wife of Siva and a benevolent aspect of Devi: goddess of plenty^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Parjanya (^god of rain; sometimes identified with Indra^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Mitra (^god of justice^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Marut (^any of a group of storm gods; offspring of Rudra^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Lakshmi (^goddess of fortune^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Kartikeya__Karttikeya (^god of bravery^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Mara (^god of death; opposite of Kama^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Kama (^god of love and erotic desire; opposite of Mara^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Kali (^wife of Siva and malevolent form of Devi; "the black"^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Ka (^unknown god; an epithet of Prajapati and Brahma^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Indra (^chief god of the Rig-Veda; god of rain and thunder^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Hanuman (^the monkey god; helper of Rama^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Gauri (^a benevolent aspect of Devi; "the brilliant"^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Garuda (^supernatural half-man and half-bird vehicle or bearer of Vishnu^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Ganesa__Ganesha__Ganesh__Ganapati (^god of wisdom or prophesy; remover of obstacles^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Dyaus-pitar__Dyaus (^god of the sky^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Durga (^goddess of war; a malevolent aspect of Devi; "the inaccessible"^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Dharma (^basic principles of the cosmos; also: an ancient sage in Hindu mythology worshipped as a god by some lower castes;^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Chandi (^malevolent aspect of Devi: "the fierce"^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Devi (^mother goddess; supreme power in the universe; wife or embodiment of the female energy of Siva having both beneficent and malevolent forms or aspects^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Bhumi_Devi (^earth goddess; one of the two wives of Vishnu^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Brihaspati (^personification of the power of ritual devotion^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Bhaga (^god of wealth and love^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Asvins (^twin brothers; gods of the dawn; physicians of heaven and benefactors of mankind^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Ahura (^(Zoroastrianism) title for benevolent deities^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Asura (^earlier a god; later a demon; counterpart of Zoroastrian Ahura^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Agni (^god of fire; one of the 3 chief deities of the Vedas^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Aditya (^one of 7 to 12 sons of Aditi; gods of celestial light^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Aditi (^a Hindu goddess who releases from sin or disease; mother of the Adityas^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity;


#Gilgamish (^(Sumerian) legendary Sumerian king and hero of Sumerian and Babylonian epics^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Enkidu (^(Sumerian) legendary friend of Gilgamish^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Zu__Zubird (^(Sumerian) evil storm god represented as a black bird^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Utu__Utug (^(Sumerian) sun god; counterpart of Akkadian Shamash^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Utnapishtim (^favorite of the gods and grandfather of Gilgamish; survived the great flood and became immortal^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Tiamat (^(Akkadian) mother of the gods and consort of Apsu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Tashmit__Tashmitum (^(Babylonian) consort of Nabu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Sin (^(Akkadian) god of the moon; counterpart of Sumerian Nanna^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Shamash (^(Assyrian and Babylonian) the chief sun god; drives away winter and storms and brightens the earth with greenery; drives away evil and brings of justice and compassion^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Sarpanitu__Zirbanit__Zarpanit (^(Babylonian) consort of Marduk^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ramman (^(Assyrian) god of storms and wind; corresponds to Babylonian Adad^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nusku (^(Assyrian) god of fire and light; corresponds to Babylonian Girru^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ninurta__Ninib (^(Sumerian and Babylonian) a solar deity; first-born of Bel and consort was Gula; god of war and the chase and agriculture; sometimes identified with Biblical Nimrod^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ninkhursag__Ninhursag__Ninkharsag (^(Sumerian) the great mother goddess; worshipped also as Aruru and Mama and Nintu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity,
   =  #Nintu;


#Ningishzida (^(Babylonian) an underworld deity; patron of medicine^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ningirsu (^(Babylonian) in older pantheon: god of war and agriculture^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ningal (^(Akkadian) a goddess; wife of the moon god Sin^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nina (^(Babylonian) a goddess of the watery deep and daughter of Ea^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nergal (^(Akkadian) god ruling with his consort Ereshkigal the world of the dead^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nanna (^(Sumerian) god of the moon; counterpart of the Akkadian Sin^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Namtar__Namtaru (^(Sumerian and Akkadian) a demon personifying death; messenger of the underworld goddess Ereshkigal bringing death to mankind^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nammu (^(Sumerian) goddess personifying the primeval sea; mother of the gods and of heaven and earth^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Nabu__Nebo (^(Babylonian) god of wisdom and agriculture and patron of scribes and schools^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Molech__Moloch (^god of the Ammonites and Phoenicians to whom parents sacrificed their children^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Marduk__Merodach__Baal_Merodach__Bel-Merodach (^(Babylonian) the chief Babylonian god; his consort was Sarpanitu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Mama (^a name under which Ninkhursag was worshipped^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Lilith (^in ancient Semitic folklore: a female demon who attacks children^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Kishar (^(Babylonian) consort of Anshar; in Sumerian the name signifies "the totality of the lower world"^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ki (^(Sumerian) goddess personifying earth; counterpart of Akkadian Aruru^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Inanna (^(Sumerian) consort of Dumuzi (Tammuz)^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Igigi (^any of a group of heavenly spirits under the god Anu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Gula (^(Babylonian) goddess of healing and consort of Ninurta^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Girru (^(Babylonian) god of fire; often invoked in incantations against sorcery^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ereshkigal__Eresh-kigal__Ereshkigel (^(Sumerian and Akkadian) goddess of death and consort of Nergal^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Enlil__En-lil (^(Sumerian) god of the air and king of the Sumerian gods^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Enki (^(Sumerian) water god and god of wisdom; counterpart of the Akkadian Ea^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ea (^(Akkadian) god of wisdom; son of Apsu and father of Marduk; counterpart of the Sumerian Enki; (Babylonian) god of waters and one of the supreme triad including Anu and Bel^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Dumuzi__Tammuz (^Sumerian and Babylonian god of pastures and vegetation; consort of Inanna^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Damkina__Damgalnunna (^(Babylonian) earth goddess; consort of Ea and mother of Marduk^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Dagan (^(Mesopotamia) god of agriculture and earth; counterpart of Phoenician Dagon^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Dagon (^(Phoenician and Philistine) god of agriculture and the earth; national god of Philistines^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Bel (^(Babylonian) god of the earth; one of the supreme triad including Anu and Ea; earlier identified with En-lil^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Baal (^any of numerous local fertility and nature deities worshipped by ancient Semitic peoples; the Hebrews considered Baal a false god^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ishtar__Mylitta (^(Babylonian and Assyrian) goddess of love and fertility and war; counterpart of Ashtoreth and Astarte^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Astarte (^(Phoenician) a fertility goddess; counterpart of Ashtoreth and Ishtar^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ashtoreth (^an ancient Semitic fertility goddess; identified with Phoenician Astarte and Babylonian Ishtar^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Ashur__Ashir (^(Assyrian) chief god of the Assyrians; god of military prowess and empire; identified with Babylonian Anshar^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Aruru (^(Akkadian) mother and earth goddess in Gilgamish epic; identified with Sumerian Ki and Ninkhursag (Mama; Nintu)^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Apsu (^(Akkadian) father of the gods and consort of Tiamat^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Anunnaki__Enuki (^(Babylonian) any of a group of powerful earth spirits or genii; servitors of the gods^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Anu (^(Babylonian) the sky god; one of the supreme triad including Bel and Ea^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Antum (^(Babylonian) consort of Anu^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Anshar (^(Babylonian) father of the gods; identified with Assyrian Ashur; in Sumerian the name signifies "the totality of the upper world"^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Adapa (^(Babylonian) a demigod or first man: "seed of mankind"; sometimes identified with Adam^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Adad (^(Babylonian) god of storms and wind^)
   ^  #Semitic_deity;


#Thoth (^ibis-headed moon deity; god of wisdom and learning and the arts; scribe of the gods^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Set__Seth (^evil beast-headed god with high square ears and a long snout; brother and murderer of Osiris^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Sekhet__Eye_of_Ra (^a lion-headed goddess; typifies life-destroying power of the sun^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Ra__Re (^ancient hawk-headed Egyptian sun god; a universal creator^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Ptah (^a major god; shaper of the world; father of gods and men; worshipped especially at Memphis^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Osiris (^god of the underworld and judge of the dead; husband and sister of Isis; father or brother of Horus^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Nut (^goddess of the sky^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Nephthys (^goddess associated with ritual of the dead; sister of Geb and Nut; wife of Set^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Min (^a god of procreation^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Khepera (^god of the morning sun; creator^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Isis (^goddess of fertility; daughter of Geb; sister and wife of Osiris^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Horus (^falcon-headed solar god^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Geb__Keb (^god of the earth; father of Osiris and Isis^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Bast (^cat- or lion-headed goddess; represents life-giving power of the sun^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Anubis (^jackal-headed god of tombs; conducted dead to judgment^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Amen-Ra__Amon-Ra (^sun god; supreme god of the universe in whom Amen and Ra were combined; principal deity during Theban supremacy^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Amen__Amon (^a primeval personification of air and breath; worshipped especially at Thebes^)
   ^  #Egyptian_deity;


#Tuatha_De_Danann__Tuatha_de_Danann__Tuatha_De (^(Irish) race of gods or demigods; ruled Ireland in the Golden Age^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Morrigan__Morrigu (^(Irish) war goddess^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Manawydan__Manawyddan (^(Welsh) sea god; son of LLyr^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Manannan (^(Irish) god of the sea; son of Ler^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Lug (^(Irish) ancient Irish god (probably a god of the sun)^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Llyr (^(Welsh) corresponds to Iris Ler; father of Manawydan^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#LLud (^(Welsh) a warrior god^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Llew_Llaw_Gyffes (^(Welsh) son of Gwydion and Arianrhod; supported by magic of Gwydion; cursed by Arianrhod^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Lir__Ler (^(Irish) the sea personified; father of Manannan; corresponds to Welsh Llyr^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Gwyn (^(Welsh) underworld god^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Gwydion (^(Irish) sky god; a magician; giver of arts and civilization^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Fomor__Fomorian (^(Irish) one of a group of sea demons sometimes associated with the hostile power of nature^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Epona (^(possibly Roman) goddess of horses and mules and asses^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Dylan (^(Welsh) god of the waves; son of Arianrhod^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Don.Celtic_deity (^(Welsh) goddess; mother of Gwydion and Arianrod(Arianrhod); corresponds to Irish Danu^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Danu__Dana (^(Irish) mother of the Tuatha De Danann; identified with the Welsh Don^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Dagda (^(Irish) chief god of the Tuatha De Danann; father of Angus Og and Brigit^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Brigit (^(Irish) goddess of fire and fertility and agriculture and household arts and wisdom; later associated with Saint Bridget^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Boann (^(Irish) goddess; mother of Angus Og^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Arianrhod__Arianrod (^(Welsh) goddess famous for her beauty; mother of Dylan^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Arawn (^(Welsh) lord of Annwfn (the other world; land of fairies)^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Angus_Og__Aengus__Oengus__Angus (^(Irish) god of love and beauty; patron deity of young men and women^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Ana (^(Irish) mother of the ancient Irish gods; sometimes identified with Danu^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Amaethon (^(Welsh) the farmer god; ancient god of agriculture^)
   ^  #Celtic_deity;


#Tisiphone (^one of the three Furies^)
   ^  #Fury;


#Megaera (^one of the three Furies^)
   ^  #Fury;


#Alecto (^one of the three Furies^)
   ^  #Fury;


#the_Fates__Fates (^a group of 3 goddesses of destiny^)
   ^  #deity;


#Destiny__Fate (^the ultimate agency that predetermines the course of events (often personified as a woman); "we are helpless in the face of Destiny"^)
   ^  #causal_agent,
   P  #supernatural;


#Typhon (^(Greek mythology) a monster with a hundred heads and one of the whirlwinds; son of Typhoeus and Echidna; father of Cerberus and the Chimera and the Sphinx^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Typhoeus (^(Greek mythology) son of Gaea and Tartarus who created the whirlwinds; had a terrifying voice and 100 dragon heads that spurted fire^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Sphinx (^(Greek mythology) a riddling winged monster with a woman's head and breast on a lion's body; daughter of Typhon^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Sigurd (^(Norse mythology) mythical Norse warrior hero who gains an accursed hoard of gold and was killed by Brynhild; Siegfried is the German counterpart^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Siegfried (^(Teutonic mythology) mythical German warrior hero of the Nibelungenlied who takes possession of the accursed treasure of the Nibelungs by slaying the dragon that guards it and awakens Brynhild and is eventually killed; Sigurd is the Norse counterpart^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Sarpedon (^(Greek mythology) a son of Zeus who became king of Lycia; fought on behalf of the Trojans in the Trojan War and was killed by Patroclus^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Python (^(Greek mythology) dragon killed by Apollo at Delphi^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Phoenix.mythical_being (^a legendary Arabian bird said to periodically burn itself to death and emerge from the ashes as a new phoenix; according to most versions only one phoenix lived at a time and it renewed itself every 500 years^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Pegasus__flying_horse (^(Greek mythology) immortal winged horse that sprang from the blood of the slain Medusa; was tamed by Bellerophon with the help of a bridle given him by Athena; as the flying horse of the Muses it is a symbol of high-flying imagination^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Patroclus (^(Greek mythology) a friend of Achilles who was killed in the Trojan War; his death led Achilles to return to the fight after his quarrel with Agamemnon^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Bellerophon (^(Greek mythology) a mythical hero of Corinth who performed miracles on the winged horse Pegasus (especially killing the monster Chimera)^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Nibelung.mythical_being (^(Teutonic mythology) a companion or follower of Siegfried^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Nemean_lion (^(Greek mythology) an enormous lion strangled by Hercules as the first of his 12 labors^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Narcissus (^(Greek mythology) a beautiful young man who fell in love with his own reflection^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Morpheus (^(Ovid) the Roman god of sleep and dreams^)
   ^  #deity;


#Minotaur (^(Greek mythology) a mythical monster with the head of a bull and the body of a man; slain by Theseus^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Sisyphus (^(Greek legend) a king in ancient Greece who offended Zeus and whose punishment was to roll a huge boulder to the top of a steep hill; each time the boulder neared the top it rolled back down and Sisyphus was forced to start again^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Midas (^(Greek legend) the greedy king of Phrygia who Dionysus gave the power to turn everything he touched into gold^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Euryale (^(Greek mythology) one of the three Gorgons^)
   ^  #Gorgon;


#Stheno (^(Greek mythology) one of the three Gorgons^)
   ^  #Gorgon;


#Medusa (^(Greek mythology) a woman transformed into a Gorgon by Athena; she was slain by Perseus^)
   ^  #Gorgon;


#Perseus.mythical_being (^(Greek mythology) son of Zeus and Dana who slew the Gorgon Medusa (with the help of Athena and Hermes) and rescued Andromeda from a sea monster^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Hypnos (^(Greek mythology) the Greek god of sleep; the son of Nyx^)
   ^  #deity;


#Hydra (^(Greek mythology) monster with nine heads; when struck off each head was replaced by two new ones; "Hydra was slain by Hercules"^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Harpy (^(Greek mythology) vicious winged monster; often depicted as a bird with the head of a woman^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Thalia (^(Greek mythology) one of the three Graces^)
   ^  #Grace;


#Euphrosyne (^(Greek mythology) one of the three Graces^)
   ^  #Grace;


#Aglaia (^(Greek mythology) one of the three Graces^)
   ^  #Grace;


#Geryon (^(Greek mythology) a mythical monster with three heads that was slain by Hercules^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Fafnir (^(Norse mythology) the Norse dragon that guarded a treasure and was slain by Sigurd^)
   ^  #firedrake;


#Dardanus (^(Greek mythology) founder of Troy^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Circe (^(Greek mythology) a sorceress who detained Odysseus on her island and turned his men into swine^)
   ^  #sorceress;


#Chimera__Chimaera (^(Greek mythology) fire-breathing she-monster with a lion's head and a goat's body and a serpent's tail; daughter of Typhon^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Charon (^(Greek mythology) the ferryman who brought the souls of the dead across the the river Styx or the river Acheron to Hades^)
   ^  #ferryman;


#Cerberus (^(Greek mythology) 3-headed dog guarding the entrance to Hades; son of Typhon^)
   ^  #mythical_monster;


#Scylla (^(Greek mythology) a sea nymph transformed into a sea monster who lived on one side of a narrow strait; drowned and devoured sailors who tried to escape Charybdis (a whirlpool) on the other side of the strait^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Mammon (^(New Testament) a personification of wealth and avarice as an evil spirit; "ye cannot serve God and Mammon"^)
   ^  #imaginary_being;


#Jack_Frost (^a personification of frost or winter weather^)
   ^  #imaginary_being;


#Cyclops (^(Greek mythology) one of a race of giants having a single eye in the middle of their forehead^)
   ^  #giant;


#Calypso (^(Greek mythology) the sea nymph who detained Odysseus for seven years^)
   ^  #sea_nymph;


#Argus (^(Greek mythology) a giant with 100 eyes; was guardian of the heifer Io and was slain by Hermes^)
   ^  #giant;


#Arjuna (^(Hindu mythology) the most important of the princes in the Bhagavad-Gita to whom Krishna explains the nature of being and of God and how humans can come to know God^)
   ^  #mythical_being;


#Vulpecula (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere near Cygnus and Sagitta^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Volans (^a small constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Dorado and Carina^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Vesta (^the brightest asteroid but the fourth to be discovered^)
   ^  #asteroid;


#United_States_waters__U.S._waters (^territorial waters included within a distance of 12 nautical miles of the coasts of the United States and its territories; "ships operating in United States waters must adhere to United States laws and regulations"^)
   ^  #territorial_waters;


#Tyrrhenian_Sea (^an arm of the Mediterranean between Italy and the islands of Corsica and Sardinia and Sicily^)
   ^  #sea;


#Tucana (^a large faint constellation in the southern hemisphere containing most of the Small Magellanic Cloud^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Triangulum_Australe__Southern_Triangle (^a small bright constellation in the polar region of the southern hemisphere near Circinus and Apus^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Triangulum__the_Triangle (^a small northern constellation near Perseus between Andromeda and Aries^)
   ^  #constellation;


#the_Trapezium__Trapezium (^a multiple star in the constellation of Orion^)
   ^  #multiple_star;


#Titan.satellite (^the largest of the satellites of Saturn; has a hazy nitrogen atmosphere^)
   ^  #satellite;


#Tiber__Tevere (^a river of central Italy; flows through Rome to the Tyrrhenian Sea^)
   ^  #river;


#Thames_River__Thames (^the longest river in England; flows eastward through London to the North Sea^)
   ^  #river;


#Telescopium (^a small constellation in the southern hemisphere near Ara^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Strait_of_Dover__Strait_of_Calais__Pas-de-Calais (^the strait between the English Channel and the North Sea; shortest distance between England and the European continent^)
   ^  #strait;


#Strait_of_Messina (^the strait separating Sicily from the tip of Italy^)
   ^  #strait;


#Strait_of_Magellan (^the strait separating South America from Tierra del Fuego and other islands south of the continent; discovered by Ferdinand Magellan in 1520; an important route around South American before the Panama Canal was built^)
   ^  #strait;


#Strait_of_Hormuz__Strait_of_Ormuz (^a strategically important strait linking the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman^)
   ^  #strait;


#Strait_of_Gibraltar (^the strait between Spain and Africa^)
   ^  #strait,
   p  #Pillars_of_Hercules;


#Strait_of_Georgia (^the strait separating Vancouver Island from the Canadian mainland^)
   ^  #strait;


#Spica (^the brightest star in Virgo^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Virgo;


#Venus (^the second nearest planet to the sun; visible as an early `morning star' or an `evening star'; rotates slowly clockwise (in the opposite direction from the normal rotation of the planets); "before it was known that they were the same object the evening star was called Venus and the morning star was called Lucifer"^)
   ^  #inferior_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Uranus (^a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; 7th from the sun^)
   ^  #Jovian_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Small_Magellanic_Cloud (^the smaller of the two Magellanic Clouds visible from the southern hemisphere^)
   ^  #Magellanic_Cloud;


#Mount_Whitney__Whitney (^the highest peak in the Sierra Nevada range in California (14,494 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Sierra_Nevada_Mountains;


#Saturn (^a giant planet which is surrounded by three planar concentric rings of ice particles; 6th planet from the sun^)
   ^  #Jovian_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Rigel__Beta_Orionis (^the brightest star in Orion^)
   ^  #binary_star;


#Pluto (^the second smallest planet and the farthest known from the sun; has the most elliptical orbit of all the planets^)
   ^  #superior_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Sterope__Asterope (^one of the stars in the star cluster Pleiades^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Pleiades;


#Pleiades (^a star cluster in the constellation Taurus^)
   ^  #clump,
   m  #Sterope,
   M  #Taurus;


#Pegasus.constellation (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere near Andromeda and Pisces^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Pangaea__Pangea (^(plate tectonic theory) a hypothetical continent including all the landmass of the earth prior to the Triassic period when it split into Laurasia and Gondwanaland^)
   ^  #continent;


#Yellow_Sea (^part of the Pacific off the east coast of Asia^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#South_China_Sea (^a tropical arm of the Pacific Ocean near southeastern Asia subject to frequent typhoons^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Formosa  #Taiwan  #Singapore.island  #Gulf_of_Thailand,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Sea_of_Okhotsk (^an arm of the Pacific east of Asia^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Sea_of_Japan (^an arm of the Pacific between China and Japan^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Pacific_Ocean__Pacific  (^the largest ocean in the world^)
   ^  #ocean,
   p  #invasion_of_Iwo  #battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea  #Guadalupe_Island  #Aleutian_Islands  #Oceania  #Australasia  #Austronesia  #Wake_Island  #Malay_Archipelago  #New_Guinea  #Japanese_Islands  #New_Zealand_Islands  #Palau_Islands  #Philippines  #Santa_Catalina  #Antarctic_Ocean  #Bering_Sea  #Coral_Sea  #East_China_Sea  #Gulf_of_Alaska  #Gulf_of_Tehuantepec  #Puget_Sound  #San_Diego_Bay  #San_Francisco_Bay  #Sea_of_Japan  #Sea_of_Okhotsk  #South_China_Sea  #Yellow_Sea;


#Orion.constellation__The_Hunter (^a constellation on the equator east of Taurus; contains Betelgeuse and Rigel^)
   ^  #constellation  #diffuse_nebula,
   m  #Betelgeuse;


#Rockies__Rocky_Mountains (^the chief mountain range of western North America; extends from British Columbia to northern New Mexico; forms the continental divide^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Mount_Elbert  #Pike's_Peak  #Wheeler_Peak,
   P  #North_America;


#Neptune.Jovian_planet (^a giant planet with a ring of ice particles; the 8th planet from the sun^)
   ^  #Jovian_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Mount_Elbert (^the highest peak in the Rocky Mountains in central Colorado (14,431 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Rockies;


#Southern_Cross__Crux__Crux_Australis (^a small conspicuous constellation the the southern hemisphere in the Milky Way near Centaurus^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Alpha_Crucis  #Beta_Crucis,
   M  #Milky_Way_Galaxy;


#Milky_Way_Galaxy__Milky_Way__Milky_Way_System (^the galaxy containing the solar system; consists of millions of stars that can be seen as a diffuse band of light stretching across the night sky^)
   ^  #extragalactic_nebula,
   p  #heliosphere,
   m  #Southern_Cross;


#Mercury (^the smallest planet and the nearest to the sun^)
   ^  #inferior_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Red_Planet__Mars (^the 4th planet from the sun^)
   ^  #terrestrial_planet  #superior_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Sea_of_Marmara__Marmara__Marmora__Sea_of_Marmora (^an inland sea in northwestern Turkey; linked to the Black Sea by the Bosporus and linked to the Aegean by the Dardanelles^)
   ^  #sea;


#Mediterranean_Sea__Mediterranean (^the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia^)
   ^  #sea,
   =  #mare_nostrum,
   p  #Cyprus  #Crete  #Egadi_Islands  #Sardinia  #Sicilia  #Corsica  #Malta  #Abukir_Bay  #Adriatic_Sea  #Aegean_Sea  #Gulf_of_Antalya  #Gulf_of_Sidra  #Ionian_Sea  #Ligurian_Sea;


#Vega (^the brightest star in the constellation Lyra^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Lyra;


#Lyra (^a small constellation in the northern hemisphere near Cygnus and Draco; contains the star Vega^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Vega;


#Lupus (^a constellation in the southern hemisphere near Centaurus^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Polaris__North_Star__polar_star__polestar (^the brightest star in Ursa Minor; at the end of the handle of the little dipper; the northern axis of the earth points toward it^)
   ^  #variable_star  #loadstar,
   M  #Little_Bear  #Little_Dipper;


#Little_Dipper__Dipper (^a cluster of seven stars in Ursa Minor; at the end of the dipper's handle is Polaris^)
   ^  #asterism,
   m  #Polaris,
   P  #Little_Bear;


#Little_Bear__Ursa_Minor (^a constellation outside the Zodiac that rotates around the North Star^)
   ^  #constellation,
   p  #Little_Dipper,
   m  #Polaris;


#Ligurian_Sea (^an arm of the Mediterranean between northwest Italy and Corsica^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Regulus (^the brightest star in Leo^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Leo;


#Large_Magellanic_Cloud (^the larger of the two Magellanic Clouds visible from the southern hemisphere^)
   ^  #Magellanic_Cloud;


#Lake_Aral__Aral_Sea (^a lake east of the Caspian Sea lying between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan^)
   ^  #lake;


#Labrador-Ungava_peninsula (^a peninsular region of eastern Canada between Hudson Bay and the Labrador Sea^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Labrador;


#Ulugh_Muztagh__Ulugh_Muz_Tagh (^a mountain in the Kunlun range in China (25,340 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Kunlun_Mountains;


#Muztagh_Ata__Muz_Tagh_Ata (^a mountain peak in the Kunlun range in China (24,760 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Kunlun_Mountains;


#Korean_Strait__Korea_Strait (^a strait between Korea and Japan; connects the East China Sea and the Sea of Japan^)
   ^  #strait,
   p  #Tsushima;


#Rakaposhi (^a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir (25,560 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Karakoram_Range;


#K2'__Godwin_Austen__Mount_Godwin_Austen__Dapsang (^a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir; the 2nd highest peak in the world (28,250 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Karakoram_Range;


#Jupiter (^the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites^)
   ^  #Jovian_planet,
   M  #solar_system;


#Isthmus_of_Panama (^the isthmus that connects Central America and South America^)
   ^  #isthmus,
   p  #Panama;


#Ionian_Sea (^an arm of the Mediterranean Sea between western Greece and southern Italy^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Gulf_of_Corinth,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Io (^the closest of Jupiter's moons; has active volcanoes^)
   ^  #Galilean_satellite;


#Red_Sea (^a long arm of the Indian Ocean between northeast Africa and Arabia; linked to the Mediterranean at the north end by the Suez Canal^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Gulf_of_Aqaba  #Gulf_of_Suez,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Indian_Ocean (^the 3rd largest ocean^)
   ^  #ocean,
   p  #Ceylon  #Comoro_Islands  #Madagascar  #Maldives  #Mauritius  #Seychelles.island  #Antarctic_Ocean  #Arabian_Sea  #Bay_of_Bengal  #Gulf_of_Aden  #Red_Sea;


#Hydrus (^a constellation in the southern hemisphere near the south celestial pole^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Snake__Hydra (^a long faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near the equator stretching between Virgo and Cancer^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Hercules (^a large constellation in the northern hemisphere between Lyra and Corona Borealis^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Gulf_of_Suez (^a northwestern arm of the Red Sea linked to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal^)
   ^  #gulf,
   P  #Red_Sea;


#Gulf_of_Corinth__Gulf_of_Lepanto (^inlet of the Ionian Sea between central Greece and the Peloponnesus^)
   ^  #gulf,
   P  #Ionian_Sea;


#Gulf_of_Aqaba__Gulf_of_Akaba (^a northeastern arm of the Red Sea; between the Sinai Peninsula (Egypt) and Saudi Arabia^)
   ^  #gulf,
   P  #Red_Sea;


#Great_Plains (^a vast prairie region extending from Alberta and Saskatchewan and Manitoba in Canada south through the west central United States into Texas; formerly inhabited by Native Americans^)
   ^  #prairie,
   p  #dust_bowl  #Llano_Estacado,
   P  #North_America;


#Lake_Superior__Superior (^the largest freshwater lake in the world; the deepest of the Great Lakes^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Great_Lakes;


#Lake_Ontario__Ontario (^the smallest of the Great Lakes^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Great_Lakes;


#Lake_Michigan__Michigan (^the 3rd largest of the Great Lakes; the largest fresh-water lake entirely within the United States borders^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Great_Lakes;


#Lake_Huron__Huron (^the 2nd largest of the Great Lakes^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Great_Lakes;


#Lake_Erie__Erie (^the 4th largest of the Great Lakes; it is linked to the Hudson River by the New York State Barge Canal^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Great_Lakes;


#Great_Bear__Ursa_Major (^a constellation outside the Zodiac that rotates around the North Star^)
   ^  #constellation,
   p  #Big_Dipper;


#Grand_Teton (^a mountain peak in northwestern Wyoming; the highest peak in the Teton Range (13,766 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Teton_Range;


#Pollux (^the brightest star in Gemini; close to Castor^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Gemini;


#Gasherbrum (^a mountain in northern Kashmir (26,470 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Karakoram_Range;


#Ganymede (^the largest of Jupiter's satellites^)
   ^  #Galilean_satellite;


#Fountain_of_Youth (^a fountain described in folk tales as able to make people young again; "Ponce de Leon discovered Florida while searching for the Fountain of Youth"^)
   ^  #natural_spring;


#Europa (^the 4th largest of Jupiter's satellites; covered with a smooth shell of frozen water^)
   ^  #Galilean_satellite;


#Isle_of_Wight__Wight (^an island and county of southern England in the English Channel^)
   ^  #isle  #county,
   P  #English_Channel;


#the_Solent__Solent (^a strait of the English Channel between the coast of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight^)
   ^  #strait,
   P  #English_Channel;


#Elbe_River__Elbe (^a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Europe;


#East_China_Sea (^part of the Pacific Ocean near eastern Asia^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Earth.terrestrial_planet__world__globe (^the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet on which we live; "the Earth moves around the sun"; "he sailed around the world"^)
   ^  #terrestrial_planet,
   p  #atmosphere  #hemisphere  #Van_Allen_belt  #hydrosphere  #dry_land  #lithosphere  #sky,
   M  #solar_system;


#Northern_Cross (^a cluster of 5 bright stars forming a cross in the constellation Cygnus^)
   ^  #clump,
   M  #Cygnus;


#Cygnus (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Pegasus and Draco in the Milky Way; contains a black hole^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Deneb  #Northern_Cross;


#Cumberland_Gap (^a pass through the Cumberland Mountains between Virginia and Kentucky that early settlers used in order to move west^)
   ^  #mountain_pass,
   P  #Cumberland_Mountains;


#Crater (^a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Hydra and Corvus^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Crab_Nebula (^a remnant of a supernova detected first in 1054 AD^)
   ^  #supernova,
   M  #Taurus;


#Corvus__Crow (^a small quadrilateral constellation in the southern hemisphere near Virgo^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Corona_Borealis (^a small constellation in the northern hemisphere between Bootes and Hercules^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Coral_Sea (^an arm of the South Pacific northeast of Australia^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #battle_of_the_Coral_Sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Coma_Berenices (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Ursa Major and Bootes; contains a cluster of some 10,000 galaxies^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Coast_Range__Coast_Mountains (^a string of mountain ranges along the Pacific coast of North America from southeastern Alaska to Lower California^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Cascades,
   P  #North_America;


#Ceres (^the largest asteroid and the first discovered^)
   ^  #asteroid;


#Cepheus (^a faint constellation in the northern hemisphere near Cassiopeia and the Pole Star^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Proxima_Centauri__Proxima (^the nearest star to the sun; distance: 4.3 light years^)
   ^  #flare_star,
   M  #Centaurus;


#Omega_Centauri (^a global cluster in the constellation Centaurus^)
   ^  #clump,
   M  #Centaurus;


#Centaurus__Centaur__The_Centaur (^a conspicuous constellation in the southern hemisphere near the Southern Cross^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Alpha_Centauri  #Beta_Centauri  #Omega_Centauri  #Proxima_Centauri;


#Castor__Alpha_Geminorum (^a multiple star with 6 components; second brightest in Gemini; close to Pollux^)
   ^  #multiple_star,
   M  #Gemini;


#Cassiopeia (^a W-shaped constellation in the northern hemisphere near Polaris^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Procyon (^the brightest star in Canis Minor^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Canis_Minor;


#Canis_Minor__Little_Dog (^a constellation east of Orion; contains Procyon^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Procyon;


#Canis_Major__Great_Dog (^a constellation southeast of Orion; contains Sirius^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Sirius;


#Callisto (^the second largest of Jupiter's satellites^)
   ^  #Galilean_satellite;


#Bootes (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere near Ursa Major^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Arcturus;


#Sea_of_Azov__Sea_of_Azof (^a bay of the Black Sea^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Black_Sea;


#Black_Sea__Euxine_Sea (^a sea between Europe and Asia; a popular resort area of eastern Europeans^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Sea_of_Azov;


#Bismarck_Sea (^an arm of the South Pacific southwest of the Bismarck Archipelago^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea;


#Big_Dipper__Dipper__Plough__Charles's_Wain__Wain__Wagon (^a group of seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa Major^)
   ^  #asterism,
   P  #Great_Bear;


#Betelgeuse__Alpha_Orionis (^the second brightest star in Orion^)
   ^  #supergiant,
   M  #Orion.constellation;


#Beta_Crucis (^the second brightest star in the Southern Cross^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Southern_Cross;


#Beta_Centauri (^the second brightest star in Centaurus^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Centaurus;


#Bering_Strait (^a strait connecting the Bering Sea to the Arctic Ocean^)
   ^  #strait;


#Bering_Sea (^part of the North Pacific between Alaska and Siberia; connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Bay_of_Campeche (^a bay of the Gulf of Mexico; formed by the Yucatan Peninsula^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Gulf_of_Mexico;


#Bay_of_Bengal (^an arm of the Indian Ocean east of India^)
   ^  #bay,
   p  #Andaman_Sea,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#White_Sea (^a large inlet of the Barents Sea in the northwestern part of European Russia^)
   ^  #inlet,
   P  #Barents_Sea;


#Gulf_of_Bothnia (^a northern arm of the Baltic Sea; between Sweden and Finland^)
   ^  #gulf,
   p  #Aland_islands,
   P  #Baltic_Sea;


#Baltic_Sea__Baltic (^a sea in northern Europe; stronghold of the Russian navy^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Gulf_of_Bothnia  #Gulf_of_Finland;


#Darling_River__Darling (^an Australian river; tributary of the Murray River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Australian_continent;


#Epsilon_Aurigae (^the largest known star^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Auriga;


#Capella (^the brightest star in Auriga^)
   ^  #giant_star,
   M  #Auriga;


#Auriga__Charioteer (^a conspicuous constellation in the northern hemisphere; between Great Bear and Orion at edge of Milk Way^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Capella  #Epsilon_Aurigae;


#Norwegian_Sea (^the part of the Atlantic that lies off the Norwegian coast north of the North Sea^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Lofoten,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#North_Sea (^an arm of the North Atlantic between the British Isles and Scandinavia; oil was discovered under the North Sea in 1970^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Orkney_Islands,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Gulf_of_Mexico__Golfo_de_Mexico (^an arm of the Atlantic south of the United States and east of Mexico^)
   ^  #gulf,
   p  #Bay_of_Campeche  #Galveston_Bay  #Mobile_Bay  #Tampa_Bay,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Gulf_of_Guinea (^a gulf off the southwest coast of Africa^)
   ^  #gulf,
   p  #Bioko  #Bight_of_Benin,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Bay_of_Fundy (^a bay of the North Atlantic between New Brunswick and Nova Scotia^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Bay_of_Biscay (^an arm of the Atlantic Ocean in western Europe; bordered by the west coast of France and the north coast of Spain^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Kura_River__Kura (^a river in western Asia; rises in northeast Turkey and flows to the Caspian Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Asia;


#Vela (^a sails-shaped constellation in the southern hemisphere near Carina^)
   ^  #constellation,
   P  #Argo;


#Arcturus (^the 4th brightest star and the brightest star in the constellation Bootes; 36 light-years from Earth^)
   ^  #giant_star,
   M  #Bootes;


#Greenland_Sea (^part of the Arctic Ocean north of Iceland^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Arctic_Ocean;


#Beaufort_Sea (^part of the Arctic Ocean northeast of Alaska^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Arctic_Ocean;


#Arctic_Ocean (^ice covered waters surrounding the North Pole; mostly covered with solid ice or with ice floes and icebergs^)
   ^  #ocean,
   p  #Svalbard  #Greenland  #Baffin_Island  #Barents_Sea  #Beaufort_Sea  #Greenland_Sea;


#Persian_Gulf (^a shallow arm of the Arabian Sea between Iran and the Arabian peninsula; the Persian Gulf oil fields are among the most productive in the world^)
   ^  #gulf,
   p  #Bahrain_Island,
   P  #Arabian_Sea;


#Gulf_of_Oman (^an arm of the Arabian Sea connecting it with the Persian Gulf^)
   ^  #gulf,
   P  #Arabian_Sea;


#Arabian_Sea (^a northwestern arm of the Indian Ocean between India and Arabia^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Gulf_of_Oman  #Persian_Gulf,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Great_Smoky_Mountains (^part of the Appalachians between North Carolina and Tennessee^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Appalachians;


#Cumberland_Mountains__Cumberland_Plateau (^the southwestern part of the Appalachians^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Cumberland_Gap,
   P  #Appalachians;


#Blue_Ridge_Mountains__Blue_Ridge (^a range of the Appalachians extending from Pennsylvania to northern Georgia^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Appalachians;


#Apollo_asteroid (^an asteroid whose orbit crosses the Earth's orbit^)
   ^  #asteroid;


#Antares (^the brightest star in Scorpius^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Scorpius;


#Andromeda (^a constellation in the northern hemisphere between Cassiopeia and Pegasus; contains the Andromeda Galaxy^)
   ^  #constellation;


#Alpha_Crucis (^the brightest star in the Southern Cross^)
   ^  #star,
   M  #Southern_Cross;


#Alpha_Centauri__Rigil_Kent__Rigil (^brightest star in Centaurus; second nearest star to the sun^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Centaurus;


#Algol (^second brightest star in Perseus; first known eclipsing binary^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Perseus;


#Aldebaran (^the brightest star in Taurus^)
   ^  #binary_star,
   M  #Taurus;


#North_Peak (^19,370 feet high^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Alaska_Range;


#Lake_Victoria__Victoria_Nyanza (^the largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world; a headwaters reservoir for the Nile River^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Africa;


#Lake_Chad__Chad (^a lake in north central Africa; fed by the Shari river^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Africa;


#Aegean_Sea__Aegean (^an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia^)
   ^  #sea,
   p  #Aegean_island  #Lemnos,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Adriatic_Sea__Adriatic (^an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#West_Africa (^an area of western African between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Africa;


#Scythia (^an ancient area of Eurasia extending from the Black Sea to the Aral Sea that was populated by Scythians from the eighth to the fourth century BC^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Eurasia;


#Sub-Saharan_Africa__Black_Africa (^the region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Africa;


#Sahara_Desert__Sahara (^the world's largest desert (3,500,000 square miles) in North Africa^)
   ^  #desert,
   p  #Libyan_Desert,
   m  #Tuareg.African,
   P  #Africa;


#Libyan_Desert (^the eastern part of the Sahara Desert^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Sahara_Desert;


#Australian_Desert (^general name given to all desert areas in Australia^)
   ^  #desert,
   p  #outback,
   P  #Australian_continent;


#Bulawayo (^industrial city in southwestern Zimbabwe^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Zimbabwe;


#Harare__Salisbury__capital_of_Zimbabwe (^the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Zimbabwe;


#Zimbabwe__Republic_of_Zimbabwe__Rhodesia__Southern_Rhodesia (^a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Harare  #Bulawayo  #Victoria_Falls  #Zambezi_River,
   m  #Chewa  #Zimbabwean,
   P  #Africa;


#Silesia__Slask__Slezsko__Schlesien (^a region of central Europe rich in deposits of coal and iron ore; annexed by Prussia in 1742 but now largely in Poland^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Europe;


#Low_Countries (^the lowland region of western Europe on the North Sea: Belgium and Luxembourg and the Netherlands^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Europe;


#Victoria_Falls__Victoria (^a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Zambia  #Zimbabwe  #Zambezi_River;


#Lusaka__capital_of_Zambia (^the capital and largest city of Zambia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Zambia;


#Zambia__Republic_of_Zambia (^a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled (as part of Northern Rhodesia) by Great Britain until it gained independence within the Commonwealth in 1964^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Lusaka  #Victoria_Falls  #Zambezi_River,
   m  #Chewa  #Zambian,
   P  #Africa;


#San'a__Sanaa__Sana (^the capital and largest city of Yemen; on the central plateau^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Yemen;


#Aden (^chief port of Yemen; located on the Gulf of Aden; its strategic location have made it a major trading center of southern Arabia since ancient times^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Yemen;


#Haiphong (^a port city in northern Vietnam; industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Vietnam;


#Ho_Chi_Minh_City__Saigon (^a city in South Vietnam; formerly (as Saigon) it was the capital of French Indochina^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Vietnam;


#Hanoi__capital_of_Vietnam (^the capital city of Vietnam; located in North Vietnam^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Vietnam;


#Cuquenan_Falls__Cuquenan__Kukenaam__Kukenaam_Falls (^a famous waterfall in Venezuela^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Angel_Falls__Angel (^the highest waterfall; has more than one leap; flow varies seasonally^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Valencia.Venezuela (^an industrial city in northern Venezuela^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Maracay (^a city in north central Venezuela; cattle center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Maracaibo (^a port city in northwestern Venezuela; a major oil center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Cuidad_Bolivar (^a port in eastern Venezuela on the Orinoco river^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Angostura_Bridge,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Caracas__capital_of_Venezuela (^the capital and largest city of Venezuela^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Venezuela;


#Vatican_City__Citta_del_Vaticano (^the capital of the State of the Vatican City^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Vatican_Palace,
   P  #Holy_See;


#Port_Vila__Vila__capital_of_Vanuatu (^capital of Vanuatu^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Vanuatu;


#Montevideo__capital_of_Uruguay (^the capital and largest city of Uruguay; a cosmopolitan city and one of the busiest ports in South America^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Uruguay;


#Teton_Range (^a mountain range in northwest Wyoming; contains the Grand Teton^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Grand_Teton,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Rock_Springs (^a town of southwest Wyoming near the Utah border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Laramie (^a university town in southeast Wyoming^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Lander (^a town in central Wyoming^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Jackson.Wyoming (^a town in western Wyoming^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Cheyenne.Wyoming__capital_of_Wyoming (^the capital and largest city of Wyoming; located in the southeastern corner of the state^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Casper (^a city of east central Wyoming on the North Platte river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Wausau (^a town in north central Wisconsin^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Watertown.Wisconsin (^a town in southeastern Wisconsin^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Superior (^a town in northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior across from Duluth^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Racine (^a city in southeastern Wisconsin on Lake Michigan south of Milwaukee^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Milwaukee (^largest city of Wisconsin; located in southeastern Wisconsin on Lake Michigan; known for its breweries^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Madison__capital_of_Wisconsin (^capital of the state of Wisconsin; located in the southern part of state; site of the main branch of the University of Wisconsin^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#La_Crosse (^a town in western Wisconsin on the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Green_Bay (^a city of eastern Wisconsin on an arm of Lake Michigan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Eau_Claire (^a town in west central Wisconsin^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Appleton (^a town in eastern Wisconsin^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wisconsin;


#Kanawha_River__Kanawha (^a tributary of the Ohio River in West Virginia^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Wheeling (^a city in the northern panhandle of West Virginia on the Ohio river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Parkersburg (^a city in northwestern West Virginia on the Ohio river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Morgantown (^a city in northern West Virginia on the Monongahela river near the Pennsylvania border; site of the University of West Virginia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Huntington (^a city of western West Virginia on the Ohio river at the mouth of the Kanawha^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Fayetteville.West_Virginia (^a town in central West Virginia on the New river^)
   ^  #town,
   p  #New_River_Gorge_Bridge,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Clarksburg (^a city in northern West Virginia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Charleston.West_Virginia__capital_of_West_Virginia (^state capital of West Virginia in the central part of the state on the Kanawha river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Beckley  (^a city in southern West Virginia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Virginia;


#Puget_Sound (^an inlet of the North Pacific in northwestern Washington State^)
   ^  #sound.body_of_water,
   P  #Washington_State  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Mount_Saint_Helens__Mount_St._Helens__Mt._St._Helens (^an active volcano in the Cascade Range in southwestern Washington; erupted violently in 1980 after 123 years of inactivity^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Washington_State  #Cascades;


#Yakima (^a town in south central Washington^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Walla_Walla (^a town in southeastern Washington near the Oregon border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Vancouver.Washington (^a town in southwestern Washington on the Columbia River across from Portland, Oregon^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Tacoma (^a city in west central Washington on an arm of Puget Sound south of Seattle^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Spokane (^a city in eastern Washington near the Idaho border^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Seattle (^largest city in Washington; located in west central Washington; a major port of entry^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Olympia.Washington_State__capital_of_Washington (^capital of the state of Washington; located in western Washington on Puget Sound^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Kennewick (^a town in southern Washington on the Columbia River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Bellingham (^a town in northeastern Washington on a bay near the Canadian border^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Aberdeen.Washington (^a town in western Washington^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Virginia.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Shenandoah_Valley (^a large valley between the Allegheny Mountains and the Blue Ridge Mountains in northern Virginia; site of numerous battles during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #valley,
   P  #Virginia;


#Mount_Vernon (^the former residence of George Washington; in northeastern Virginia overlooking the Potomac river^)
   ^  #residence,
   P  #Virginia;


#Roanoke (^a city in southwestern Virginia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Virginia;


#Portsmouth.port (^a port city in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River opposite Norfolk; naval base; shipyards^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Virginia;


#Lynchburg (^a city in central Virginia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Virginia;


#Norfolk (^largest city of Virginia; located in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River; headquarters of the United States Atlantic fleet^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Virginia;


#Newport_News (^a port city in southeastern Virginia at the mouth of the James River off Hampton Roads; large shipyards^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Virginia;


#Jamestown (^a former village on the James River in Virginia north of Norfolk; site of the first permanent English settlement in America in 1607^)
   ^  #village,
   P  #Virginia;


#Blacksburg (^a university town in southwestern Virginia (west of Roanoke) in the Allegheny Mountains^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Virginia;


#Richmond__capital_of_Virginia (^capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Virginia;


#Rutland (^a town in central Vermont^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Vermont;


#Burlington (^the largest city in Vermont; located in northwestern Vermont on Lake Champlain; site of the University of Vermont^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Vermont;


#Brattleboro (^a town in southeastern Vermont on the Connecticut River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Vermont;


#Bennington (^a town in northwestern Vermont^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Vermont;


#Montpelier__capital_of_Vermont (^capital of the state of Vermont; located in north central Vermont^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Vermont;


#Great_Salt_Lake (^a shallow body of salt water in northwestern Utah^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Utah;


#Salt_Lake_City__capital_of_Utah (^the capital and largest city of Utah; located near the Great Salt Lake in north central Utah; world capital of the Mormon Church^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Utah;


#Provo (^a town in north central Utah settled by Mormons^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Utah;


#Ogden (^a town in northern Utah settled by Mormons^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Utah;


#Sabine_River__Sabine (^a river in eastern Texas that flows south into the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Texas;


#Wichita_Falls (^a city in north central Texas near the Oklahoma border^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Waco (^a city in east central Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Victoria.Texas (^a town in southeast Texas southeast of San Antonio^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Tyler (^a town in northeast Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Texarkana.Texas (^a town in northeast Texas adjacent to Texarkana, Arkansas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Sherman (^a town in northeastern Texas near the Oklahoma border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#San_Antonio (^a city of south central Texas; site of the Alamo^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Alamo,
   P  #Texas;


#San_Angelo (^a town in west central Texas; formerly a notorious frontier town^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Paris.Texas (^a town in northeast Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Odessa (^a city in western Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Midland (^a town in west central Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#McAllen (^a town in southern Texas on the Rio Grande^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Lufkin (^a town in eastern Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Lubbock (^a city in northwest Texas south of Amarillo^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Laredo (^a city in southern Texas on the Rio Grande^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Texas;


#Houston (^the largest city in Texas; located in southeastern Texas near the Gulf of Mexico; site of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Galveston_Island (^an island at the entrance of Galveston Bay^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Texas;


#Galveston (^a town in southeast Texas on Galveston Island^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Fort_Worth (^a city in northern Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#El_Paso (^a city in western Texas on the Mexican border; located on the Rio Grande river opposite the Mexican city of Ciudad Juarez^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Del_Rio (^a town in southwest Texas on the Rio Grande west of San Antonio^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Dallas (^a large commercial and industrial city in northeastern Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Corpus_Christi (^a city in southern Texas on an arm of the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Bryan (^a town of east central Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Texas;


#Brownsville (^a city in southern Texas on the Rio Grande near its mouth into the Gulf of Mexico; has a channel that accommodates oceangoing ships^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Texas;


#Beaumont (^a city of southeastern Texas near Houston^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Austin__capital_of_Texas (^state capital of Texas and site of the University of Texas^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Texas;


#Amarillo (^a city in the northern panhandle of Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Abilene (^a city in central Texas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Texas;


#Nashville__capital_of_Tennessee (^capital of the state of Tennessee; located in the north central part of the state; known for country music^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Memphis.Tennessee (^largest city of Tennessee; located in southwestern Tennessee on the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Knoxville (^a city in eastern Tennessee on the Tennessee River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Johnson_City (^a town in northeast Tennessee^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Jackson.Tennessee (^a town in western Tennessee^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Columbia.Tennessee (^a town in west central Tennessee^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Chattanooga (^a city in eastern Tennessee^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tennessee;


#Mount_Rushmore__Rushmore__Mt._Rushmore (^a mountain in the Black Hills of South Dakota; site of the likenesses of Washington and Jefferson and Lincoln and Roosevelt carved on it^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #South_Dakota  #Black_Hills.range_of_mountains;


#Black_Hills (^mountains in western South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming^)
   ^  #hills,
   P  #South_Dakota  #Wyoming;


#Sioux_Falls (^largest city in South Dakota; located in southeastern South Dakota^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#Rapid_City (^a town in southwestern South Dakota in the eastern part of the Black Hills^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#Pierre__capital_of_South_Dakota (^capital of the state of South Dakota; located in central South Dakota on the Missouri river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#Aberdeen.South_Dakota (^a town in northeastern South Dakota^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#South_Carolina.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Greenville.South_Carolina (^a town in northwest South Carolina in the Piedmont^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #South_Carolina;


#Florence (^a town in northeast South Carolina; transportation center^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #South_Carolina;


#Charleston.South_Carolina (^a port city in southeastern South Carolina^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #South_Carolina;


#Columbia.South_Carolina__capital_of_South_Carolina (^capital and largest city in South Carolina; located in central South Carolina^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #South_Carolina;


#Rhode_Island.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Narragansett_Bay (^a deep inlet of the Atlantic Ocean in Rhode Island^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Rhode_Island;


#Newport.Rhode_Island (^a resort city in southeastern Rhode Island; known for the summer homes of millionaires; important yachting center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Rhode_Island;


#Providence__capital_of_Rhode_Island (^the capital and largest city of Rhode Island; located in northeastern Rhode Island on Narragansett Bay; site of Brown University^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Rhode_Island;


#Scranton (^an industrial city of northeastern Pennsylvania^)
   ^  #city;


#Hershey (^an industrial town east of Harrisburg^)
   ^  #town;


#Altoona (^a town in central Pennsylvania^)
   ^  #town;


#Allentown (^a city in eastern Pennsylvania; an industrial and commercial center^)
   ^  #city;


#Pennsylvania.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Pittsburgh (^a city in southwestern Pennsylvania at the beginning of the Ohio river; site of Carnegie-Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Carnegie-Mellon_University,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Philadelphia__City_of_Brotherly_Love (^the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Benjamin_Franklin_Bridge  #Walt_Whitman_Bridge,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Chester (^a city of southeastern Pennsylvania on the Delaware river (an industrial suburb of Philadelphia)^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Commodore_John_Barry_Bridge,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Harrisburg__capital_of_Pennsylvania (^capital of Pennsylvania; located in southern part of state^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Gettysburg (^a small town in southern Pennsylvania; site of a national cemetery^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Erie (^a port city on Lake Erie in northwestern Pennsylvania^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Pennsylvania;


#Willamette_River__Willamette (^a river in western Oregon that flows north into the Columbia River near Portland^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Oregon;


#Salem.Oregon__capital_of_Oregon (^capital of the state of Oregon in the northwestern part of the state on the Willamette River^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Oregon;


#Portland.Oregon (^largest city in Oregon; located in northwestern Oregon on the Willamette River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Oregon;


#Medford.Oregon (^a town in southwestern Oregon; a summer resort^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oregon;


#Klamath_Falls (^a town in southern Oregon near the California border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oregon;


#Eugene (^a city in eastern Oregon on the Willamette River; site of a university^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Oregon;


#Bend (^a town in central Oregon at the eastern foot of the Cascade Range^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oregon;


#Tulsa (^a major city of northeastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Oklahoma_City__capital_of_Oklahoma (^capital and largest city of Oklahoma^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Muskogee.Oklahoma (^a town in eastern Oklahoma on the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#McAlester (^a town in southeastern Oklahoma^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Lawton (^a town in southwest Oklahoma^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Enid (^a town in north central Oklahoma^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Bartlesville (^a town in northeastern Oklahoma^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Youngstown (^a city in northeast Ohio^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Toledo.Ohio (^an industrial city in northwestern Ohio on Lake Erie^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Mansfield (^a town in north central Ohio^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Ohio;


#Dayton (^a city in southwest Ohio; manufacturing center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Columbus.Ohio__capital_of_Ohio (^the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Ohio;


#Cincinnati (^a city in southern Ohio on the Ohio river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Cleveland (^the largest city in Ohio; located in northeastern Ohio on Lake Erie; a major Great Lakes port^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Athens.Ohio (^a town in southeast Ohio^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Ohio;


#Akron (^a city in northeastern Ohio; the heart of the United States rubber industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ohio;


#Fargo (^largest city in North Dakota; located in eastern North Dakota on the Red river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #North_Dakota;


#Bismarck__capital_of_North_Dakota (^capital of the state of North Dakota; located in south central North Dakota overlooking the Missouri river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #North_Dakota;


#North_Carolina.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Winston-Salem (^a city of north central North Carolina^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Wilmington.North_Carolina (^a town in southeastern North Carolina on the Cape Fear River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Greenville.North_Carolina (^a city in eastern North Carolina; tobacco market^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Greensboro (^a city of north central North Carolina^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Fayetteville.North_Carolina (^a town in south central North Carolina^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Durham (^a city of north central North Carolina; site of Duke University^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Charlotte (^the largest city in North Carolina; located in south central North Carolina^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Chappel_Hill (^a town in central North Carolina; site of the University of North Carolina^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Asheville (^a town in western North Carolina in the Blue Ridge Mountains west of Charlotte^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Raleigh__capital_of_North_Carolina (^capital of the state of North Carolina; located in the east central part of the North Carolina^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Hatteras_Island (^a barrier island running parallel to the North Carolina shore^)
   ^  #barrier_island,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Cape_Hatteras (^a promontory on Hatteras Island off the Atlantic coast of North Carolina; "frequent storms drive ships to their destruction on Cape Hatteras"^)
   ^  #ness  #promontory,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Cape_Fear (^a cape in southeastern North Carolina extending into the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #ness,
   P  #North_Carolina;


#Kennedy_International_Airport__Kennedy__Kennedy_Interrnational (^a large airport on Long Island east of New York City^)
   ^  #airport,
   P  #Long_Island;


#Elmont (^a town on Long Island in New York; site of Belmont Park^)
   ^  #town,
   p  #Belmont_Park,
   P  #Long_Island;


#Wall_Street__Wall_St. (^a street in lower Manhattan where the New York Stock Exchange is located; symbol of American finance^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Times_Square (^the area of Manhattan around the intersection of Broadway and Seventh Avenue; heart of the New York theater district; site of annual celebration of New Year's^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Manhattan;


#off-Broadway (^low-budget theaters located outside the Broadway area in Manhattan^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Park_Avenue__Park_Ave. (^a fashionable residential street in New York City^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Broadway__Great_White_Way (^a street in Manhattan that passes through Times Square; famous for its theaters^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Bowery (^a street in Manhattan noted for cheap hotels frequented by homeless derelicts^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Manhattan;


#SoHo (^a district in southwestern Manhattan noted for its shops and restaurants and galleries and artist's lofts^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Hell's_Kitchen__Hell's_Half_Acre (^a district in Manhattan formerly noted for its slums and vice^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Harlem (^a district of Manhattan; now largely a Black ghetto^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Central_Park (^a large park in Manhattan^)
   ^  #commons,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Fifth_Avenue (^an avenue in Manhattan that separates the East Side of Manhattan from the West Side^)
   ^  #boulevard,
   P  #Manhattan;


#Coney_Island (^a section of Brooklyn on the Atlantic; known as an amusement center^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #Brooklyn;


#New_Netherland  (^prior to 1664 the colony that was to become New York was under Dutch control and was called New Netherland^)
   ^  #colony,
   l  #New_York;


#New_York_Bay (^a bay of the North Atlantic; fed by the Hudson River^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #New_York  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Verrazano_Narrows (^a narrow channel of water separating Staten Island and Brooklyn^)
   ^  #narrow,
   P  #New_York;


#Harlem_River (^a channel separating Manhattan from the Bronx^)
   ^  #channel,
   P  #New_York;


#East_River (^a tidal strait separating Manhattan and the Bronx from Queens and Brooklyn^)
   ^  #strait,
   P  #New_York;


#Staten_Island (^a borough of New York City^)
   ^  #borough,
   P  #New_York;


#Queens (^a borough of New York City^)
   ^  #borough,
   P  #New_York;


#Greenwich_Village__Village (^a mainly residential district of Manhattan; `the Village' became a home for many writers and artists in the 20th century^)
   ^  #residential_district,
   P  #New_York;


#Manhattan (^one of the five boroughs of New York City^)
   ^  #borough,
   p  #Fifth_Avenue  #Central_Park  #Harlem  #Hell's_Kitchen  #SoHo  #Bowery  #Broadway  #Park_Avenue  #off-Broadway  #Times_Square  #Wall_Street,
   P  #New_York;


#Brooklyn (^a borough of New York City^)
   ^  #borough,
   p  #Coney_Island,
   P  #New_York;


#Bronx__The_Bronx (^a borough of New York City^)
   ^  #borough,
   P  #New_York;


#New_York_State_Barge_Canal (^a system of canals crossing New York State and connecting the Great Lakes with the Hudson River and Lake Champlain^)
   ^  #canal,
   p  #Erie_Canal;


#New_York.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony,
   p  #Fort_Ticonderoga;


#Catskills__Catskill_Mountains (^a range of the Appalachians west of the Hudson in southeastern New York; includes many popular resort areas^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #New_York_State  #Appalachians;


#American_Falls (^a part of Niagara Falls in western New York (north of Buffalo)^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #New_York_State  #Niagara;


#Adirondacks__Adirondack_Mountains (^a mountain range in northeastern New York State; a popular resort area^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Watertown.New_York_State (^a town in northern New York^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Saratoga_Springs (^a town in eastern New York State famed for its spa and its horse racing^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Utica.New_York_State (^a city in central New York^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Syracuse (^a city in central New York^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Schenectady (^a city of eastern New York on the Mohawk river; it prospered after the opening of the Erie Canal^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Rochester.New_York_State (^a city in western New York; a center of the photographic equipment industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Niagara_Falls (^a city in western New York State at the falls of the Niagara river; tourist attraction and honeymoon resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Newburgh (^a town on the Hudson River in New York; in 1782 and 1783 it was George Washington's headquarters^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Kingston.New_York_State (^a town on the Hudson River in New York^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Binghamton (^a city in south central New York near the border with Pennsylvania^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Long_Island (^an island in southeastern New York; Brooklyn and Queens are on its western end^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Elmont  #Kennedy_International_Airport  #Long_Island_Sound,
   P  #New_York_State;


#West_Point (^United States Army installation on the west bank of Hudson river north of New York City; site of United States Military Academy^)
   ^  #military_installation,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Ithaca (^a college town in central New York on Lake Cayuga^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Ellis_Island (^an island in New York Harbor that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States; "some twelve millions immigrants passed through Ellis Island"^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #New_York_State;


#New_York__New_York_City (^the largest city in New York State; located in southeastern New York at the mouth of the Hudson river; a major financial and cultural center^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Bronx-Whitestone_Bridge  #Brooklyn_Bridge  #Cooper_Union_for_the_Advancement_of_Science_and_Art  #George_Washington_Bridge  #Queensboro_Bridge  #Verrazano-Narrows_Bridge  #Bronx  #Brooklyn  #Manhattan  #Greenwich_Village  #Queens  #Staten_Island  #East_River  #Harlem_River  #Verrazano_Narrows  #New_York_Bay,
   P  #New_York_State,
   L  #New_Netherland;


#Erie_Canal (^an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo; built in the 19th century; now part of the New York State Barge Canal^)
   ^  #canal,
   P  #New_York_State  #New_York_State_Barge_Canal;


#Buffalo (^a city on Lake Erie in western New York (near Niagara Falls)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Albany.New_York_State__capital_of_New_York (^state capital of New York; located in eastern New York State on the west bank of the Hudson river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #New_York_State;


#Wheeler_Peak (^a mountain peak in northeastern New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #New_Mexico  #Rockies;


#Cimarron_River__Cimarron (^a river that rises in northeastern New Mexico and flows eastward into Oklahoma where it becomes a tributary of the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #New_Mexico  #Oklahoma;


#Canadian_River__Canadian (^a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #New_Mexico  #Oklahoma  #Texas;


#Brazos_River__Brazos (^a river that rises in Mexico and flows across Texas into the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #New_Mexico  #Texas;


#Taos (^an artist colony in northern New Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Silver_City (^a town in southwestern New Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Santa_Fe__capital_of_New_Mexico (^capital of the state of New Mexico; located in north central New Mexico^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Roswell (^a town in southeast New Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Los_Alamos (^a town in north central New Mexico; in 1942 it was chosen as a nuclear research site where the first atomic bombs were produced^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Las_Cruces (^a town in southern New Mexico on the Rio Grande^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Gallup (^a town in northwestern New Mexico near the Arizona border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Farmington.New_Mexico (^a town in northwestern New Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Carlsbad (^a town in southeastern New Mexico on the Pecos River near the Mexican border; potash deposits^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Albuquerque (^the largest city in New Mexico; located in central New Mexico on the Rio Grande river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#New_Jersey.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Cape_May (^a cape of southeast New Jersey extending into the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #ness,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Princeton (^a university town in central New Jersey^)
   ^  #town,
   p  #Princeton_University,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Paterson (^a city of northeastern New Jersey^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Camden (^a city in southwestern New Jersey on the Delaware River near Pittsburgh^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Bayonne (^a city in northeastern New Jersey^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Bayonne_Bridge,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#New_Brunswick.New_Jersey (^a university town in central New Jersey^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Newark (^the largest city in New Jersey; located in northeastern New Jersey^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Jersy_City (^a city in northeastern New Jersey (opposite Manhattan)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Trenton__capital_of_New_Jersey (^capital of the state of New Jersey; located in western New Jersey on the Delaware river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#Atlantic_City (^a city on the Atlantic shore in southeastern New Jersey; a resort and gambling center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Jersey;


#New_Hampshire.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Portsmouth (^a port town in southeastern New Hampshire on the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #town  #port,
   P  #New_Hampshire;


#Manchester.New_Hampshire (^largest city in New Hampshire; located in southeastern New Hampshire on the Merrimack river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Hampshire;


#Concord.New_Hampshire__capital_of_New_Hampshire (^capital of the state of New Hampshire; located in south central New Hampshire on the Merrimack river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #New_Hampshire;


#Reno (^a city in western Nevada at the foot of the Sierra Nevada Mountains; known for gambling casinos and easy divorce and remarriage^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nevada;


#Las_Vegas (^largest city in Nevada; located in southeastern Nevada; famous for entertainment and gambling^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nevada;


#Carson_City__capital_of_Nevada (^capital of the state of Nevada; located in western Nevada^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Nevada;


#Platte_River__Platte (^a river in Nebraska that flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Nebraska;


#Omaha.Nebraska (^largest city in Nebraska; located in eastern Nebraska on the Missouri river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nebraska;


#North_Platte (^a town in west central Nebraska on the Platte River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Nebraska;


#Lincoln.Nebraska__capital_of_Nebraska (^capital of the state of Nebraska; located in southeastern Nebraska; site of the University of Nebraska^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Nebraska;


#Grand_Island (^a town in south central Nebraska^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Nebraska;


#Milk_River__Milk (^a river that rises in the Rockies in northwestern Montana and flows eastward to become a tributary of the Missouri River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Montana;


#Little_Missouri_River__Little_Missouri (^a river that rises in northeastern Wyoming and flows through Montana and South Dakota to join the Missouri River in North Dakota^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Montana  #North_Dakota  #South_Dakota  #Wyoming;


#Little_Bighorn_River__Little_Bighorn__Little_Horn (^a river that flows from northern Wyoming into the Bighorn River in southern Montana; site of Custer's Last Stand^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Montana  #Wyoming;


#Bighorn_River__Bighorn (^a river that flows from central Wyoming to the Yellowstone River in southern Montana^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Montana  #Wyoming;


#Missoula (^a university town in western Montana^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Montana;


#Helena__capital_of_Montana (^capital of the state of Montana; located in western Montana^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Montana;


#Great_Falls (^a town in central Montana on the Missouri river; a center of extensive hydroelectric power^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Montana;


#Billings (^the largest city in Montana; located in southern Montana on the Yellowstone river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Montana;


#Bozeman (^a town in southwestern Montana; gateway to Yellowstone National Park^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Montana;


#Osage_River__Osage (^a river in Missouri that is a tributary of the Missouri River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Missouri;


#Springfield.Missouri (^a city of southwestern Missouri^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Missouri;


#Sedalia (^a town in east central Missouri^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Saint_Louis__St._Louis__Gateway_to_the_West (^the largest city in Missouri; was an important staging area for wagon trains westward in the 19th century^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Missouri;


#St._Joseph__Saint_Joseph (^a town in northwest Missouri on the Missouri River; in the 19th century it became the eastern terminus of the pony express^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Poplar_Bluff (^a town in southeast Missouri^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Kansas_City.Missouri (^a city in western Missouri on the Missouri River adjacent to Kansas City, Kansas^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Missouri;


#Jefferson_City__capital_of_Missouri (^capital of the state of Missouri; located in central Missouri on the Missouri river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Missouri;


#Independence (^a city in western Missouri; the beginning of the Santa Fe Trail^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Missouri;


#Hannibal (^a town in northeast Missouri on the Mississippi River; boyhood home of Mark Twain^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Columbia.Missouri (^a university town in central Missouri^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Cape_Girardeau (^a town in southeast Missouri^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Missouri;


#Yazoo_River__Yazoo (^a river that rises in west central Mississippi and flows southwest to empty into the Mississippi River above Vicksburg^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Vicksburg (^a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River west of Jackson; focus of an important campaign during the American Civil War as the Union fought to control the Mississippi River and so to cut the Confederacy into two halves^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Tupelo (^a town in northeast Mississippi^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Natchez (^a town in southwest Mississippi on the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Meridian (^a town in eastern Mississippi^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Jackson.Mississippi__capital_of_Mississippi (^capital of the state of Mississippi on the Pearl river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Hattiesburg (^a town in southeast Mississippi^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Greenville (^a town in western Mississippi on the Mississippi River north of Vicksburg^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Columbus.Mississippi (^a town in eastern Mississippi near the border with Alabama^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Biloxi.Mississippi (^a old town in southern Mississippi on the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mississippi;


#Twin_Cities (^nickname for Saint Paul and Minneapolis^)
   ^  #urban_area,
   m  #Minneapolis  #Saint_Paul;


#Virginia.Minnesota (^a town in northeastern Minnesota in the heart of the Mesabi Range^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Saint_Paul__St._Paul__capital_of_Minnesota (^capital of the state of Minnesota; located in southeastern Minnesota on the Mississippi river adjacent to Minneapolis; one of the Twin Cities^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Minnesota,
   M  #Twin_Cities;


#Saint_Cloud__St._Cloud (^a town in central Minnesota on the Mississippi River; granite quarries^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Rochester.Minnesota (^a town in southeast Minnesota^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Minneapolis (^largest city in Minnesota; located in southeastern Minnesota on the Mississippi river; one of the Twin Cities^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Minnesota,
   M  #Twin_Cities;


#Mankato (^a town in southern Minnesota^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Hibbing (^a town in northeastern Minnesota in the Mesabi Range^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Duluth (^a city in northeast Minnesota on Lake Superior^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Bemidji (^a town in northern Minnesota^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Saginaw (^a town in east central Michigan on an arm of Lake Huron^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry;


#Kalamazoo (^a town in southwest Michigan^)
   ^  #town;


#Upper_Peninsula (^the peninsula between Lake Superior and Lake Michigan that forms the northwestern part of Michigan^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Michigan;


#Traverse_City (^a town in northern Michigan on an arm of Lake Michigan^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Michigan;


#Monroe.Michigan (^a town of southeast Michigan on Lake Erie^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Michigan;


#Marquette (^a town on Lake Superior on the Upper Peninsula in northwest Michigan^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Michigan;


#Lansing__capital_of_Michigan (^capital of the state of Michigan; located in southern Michigan on the Grand river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Michigan;


#Jackson.Michigan (^a town in south central Michigan^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Michigan;


#Houghton (^a town in northwest Michigan on the Upper Peninsula^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Michigan;


#Grand_Rapids (^a city in west central Michigan; noted for manufacturing furniture^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Michigan;


#Flint (^a city in southeast central Michigan near Detroit; automobile manufacturing^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Michigan;


#Detroit__Motor_City__Motown (^the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port; center of the United States automobile industry; located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit river^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Michigan;


#Ann_Arbor (^a city in southern Michigan near Detroit; site of the University of Michigan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Michigan;


#Alpena (^a town in northern Michigan on an arm of Lake Huron^)
   ^  #town  #port,
   P  #Michigan;


#Plymouth_Colony  (^colony formed by the Pilgrims when they arrived at Plymouth Rock in 1620; it was absorbed into the Massachusetts Colony in 1691^)
   ^  #colony,
   l  #Plymouth;


#Plymouth_Rock.boulder (^a boulder in Plymouth supposed to be where the Pilgrims disembarked from the Mayflower^)
   ^  #boulder,
   P  #Plymouth;


#Nantucket (^an island resort off Cape Cod; formerly a center of the whaling industry^)
   ^  #island;


#Martha's_Vineyard (^an island summer resort off of Cape Cod^)
   ^  #island;


#Springfield  (^a city and manufacturing center in southwestern Massachusetts on the Connecticut River^)
   ^  #city,
   l  #Massachusetts;


#Pittsfield  (^a town in western Massachusetts^)
   ^  #town,
   l  #Massachusetts;


#Beacon_Hill  (^a fashionable section of Boston; site of the Massachusetts capital building^)
   ^  #city_district,
   l  #Boston;


#Massachusetts_Bay_Colony__Massachusetts (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Berkshires__Berkshire_Hills (^a low mountain range in western Massachusetts; a resort area^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Salem.Massachusetts (^a city in northeastern Massachusetts; site of the witchcraft trials in 1692^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Plymouth (^a town in Massachusetts founded by Pilgrims in 1620^)
   ^  #town,
   p  #Plymouth_Rock.boulder,
   P  #Massachusetts,
   L  #Plymouth_Colony;


#Cape_Cod (^a Massachusetts peninsula south of Boston extending into the Atlantic; a popular resort area^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Cape_Ann (^a Massachusetts peninsula north of Boston extending into the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Worcester.Massachusetts (^an industrial and university city in central Massachusetts west of Boston^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Medford.Massachusetts (^town in northeastern Massachusetts; residential suburb of Boston^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Lexington.Massachusetts (^town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Gloucester.Massachusetts (^a town in northeastern Massachusetts on Cape Ann northeast of Boston; the harbor has been a fishing center for centuries^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Concord.Massachusetts (^town in eastern Massachusetts near Boston where the first battle of the American Revolution was fought^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Cambridge.Massachusetts (^a city in Massachusetts just north of Boston; site of Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Harvard_University  #MIT,
   P  #Massachusetts;


#Maryland.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Chesapeake_Bay (^a large inlet of the North Atlantic between Virginia and Maryland; fed by Susquehanna River^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Maryland  #Virginia  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Hagerstown (^a town of northern Maryland^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maryland;


#Frederick (^a town in northern Maryland west of Baltimore^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maryland;


#Baltimore (^the largest city in Maryland; a major port and industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Johns_Hopkins  #Pimlico,
   P  #Maryland;


#Annapolis__capital_of_Maryland (^state capital of Maryland; site of the United States Naval Academy^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Maryland;


#Aberdeen.Maryland (^a town in northeastern Maryland^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maryland;


#Portland.Maine (^largest city in Maine in the southwestern corner of the state^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Maine;


#Orono (^a university town in east central Maine on the Penobscot River north of Bangor^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maine;


#Lewiston.Maine (^a town in southwestern Maine north of Portland^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maine;


#Brunswick.Maine (^a university town in southwestern Maine^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maine;


#Bangor.Maine (^a town in east central Maine on the Penobscot River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Maine;


#Augusta.Maine__capital_of_Maine (^the capital of the state of Maine^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Maine;


#Shreveport (^a city in northwest Louisiana on the Red River near the Texas border^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Louisiana;


#New_Orleans (^a port and largest city in Louisiana; located in southeastern Louisiana near the mouth of the Mississippi river; jazz originated among black musicians in the late 19th century; Mardi Gras is celebrated here each year^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Fat_Tuesday  #Greater_New_Orleans_Bridge  #faubourg,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Morgan_City (^a town in southeast Louisiana south of Baton Rouge^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Monroe.Louisiana (^a town in north central Louisiana^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Lafayette.Louisiana (^a town in south central Louisiana; settled by Acadians^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Baton_Rouge__capital_of_Louisiana (^capital of Louisiana^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   p  #Baton_Rouge_Bridge,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Alexandria (^a town in Louisiana on the Red River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Louisiana;


#Bluegrass_Country__Bluegrass__Bluegrass_Region (^an area in central Kentucky notied for it bluegrass and thoroughbred horses^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Tennessee_River__Tennessee (^a river formed by the confluence of two other rivers near Knoxville; it follows a U-shaped course to become a tributary of the Ohio River in western Kentucky^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Kentucky  #Tennessee;


#Paducah (^a town in western Kentucky on the Ohio River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Owensboro (^a town in northwestern Kentucky on the Ohio River; a tobacco market^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Louisville (^the largest city in Kentucky; located in north central Kentucky on the Ohio river; site of the Kentucky Derby^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Churchill_Downs,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Lexington.Kentucky (^a city in eastern Kentucky; noted for raising thoroughbred horses^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Frankfort__capital_of_Kentucky (^the capital of Kentucky; located in northern Kentucky^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Bowling_Green (^a town in southern Kentucky^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Neosho_River__Neosho (^a river that rises in eastern Kansas and flows eastward into Oklahoma to become a tributary of the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Kansas  #Oklahoma;


#Wichita.Kansas (^the largest city in Kansas; located in southern Kansas on the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kansas;


#Topeka__capital_of_Kansas (^the capital of the state of Kansas; located in eastern Kansas on the Kansas river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Kansas;


#Salina (^a town in central Kansas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kansas;


#Lawrence (^a town in northeastern Kansas on the Kansas River; scene of raids by John Brown in 1856^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kansas;


#Kansas_City.Kansas (^a city of northeast Kansas on the Missouri River adjacent to Kansas City, Missouri^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kansas;


#Hays (^a town in central Kansas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kansas;


#Dodge_City (^a town of southwestern Kansas on the Arkansas River; formerly a rowdy cow town^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kansas;


#Council_Bluffs (^a town in southwest Iowa on the Missouri River across from Omaha^)
   ^  #town;


#Sioux_City (^a city in northeastern Iowa^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iowa;


#Ottumwa (^a town in southeast Iowa^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Iowa;


#Mason_City (^a town in north central Iowa^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Iowa;


#Dubuque (^a town in eastern Iowa on the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Iowa;


#Des_Moines__capital_of_Iowa (^the capital and largest city in Iowa^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Iowa;


#Clinton (^a town in east central Iowa^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Iowa;


#Cedar_Rapids (^a city in eastern Iowa^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iowa;


#Davenport (^a city in eastern Iowa on the Mississippi River across from Moline and Rock Island^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iowa;


#South_Bend (^a city in northern Indiana^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Indiana;


#Muncie (^a town in east central Indiana^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Indiana;


#Lafayette.Indiana (^a university town in west central Indiana on the Wabash River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Indiana;


#Indianapolis__capital_of_Indiana (^the capital and largest city of Indiana; site of an annual 500-mile automobile race^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Indiana;


#Gary (^a city in northwest Indiana on Lake Michigan; steel production^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Indiana;


#Fort_Wayne (^a city in northeastern Indiana^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Indiana;


#Evansville (^a city in southwestern Indiana on the Ohio River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Indiana;


#Bloomington (^a university town in south central Indiana^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Indiana;


#Urbana (^a university town in east central Illinois adjoining Champaign^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#Springfield.Illinois__capital_of_Illinois (^capital of the state of Illinois^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Illinois;


#Rock_Island (^a town in northwest Illinois on the Mississippi River; site of a Union prison during the Civil War^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#Rockford (^a city in northern Illinois^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Illinois;


#Peoria (^a city in central Illinois on the Illinois River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Illinois;


#Moline (^a town in northwest Illinois on the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#East_Saint_Louis (^a town in southwest Illinois on the Mississippi across from Saint Louis^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#Decatur.Illinois (^a city in central Illinois; Abraham Lincoln practiced law here^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Illinois;


#Windy_City__Chicago (^largest city in Illinois; located on Lake Michigan^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #University_of_Chicago,
   P  #Illinois;


#Champaign (^a university town in east central Illinois adjoining Urbana^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#Carbondale (^a town in southern Illinois^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Illinois;


#Twin_Falls.Idaho (^a town in south central Idaho near the Twin Falls of the Snake River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Pocatello (^a university town in southeastern Idaho^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Nampa (^a town in southwestern Idaho^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Lewiston.Idaho (^a town in northwestern Idaho^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Idaho_Falls (^a town in southeastern Idaho on the Snake River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Coeur_d'Alene (^a town in the northern panhandle of Idaho; popular resort area^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Idaho;


#Boise__capital_of_Idaho (^the capital and largest city of Idaho^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Idaho;


#Pearl_Harbor (^a harbor on Oahu west of Honolulu; location of a United States naval base that was attacked by the Japanese on 7 Dec 1941^)
   ^  #seaport,
   P  #Oahu_Island;


#Mauna_Loa (^an active volcano on south central Hawaii Island^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Hawaii_Island;


#Mauna_Kea (^an active volcano on north central Hawaii Island; highest peak in the Hawaiian Islands^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Hawaii_Island;


#Midway_Islands (^an atoll in the Hawaiian Islands some 1300 mile northwest of Honolulu; site of an important United States naval base^)
   ^  #atoll,
   p  #battle_of_Midway,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Oahu_Island__Oahu (^an island of central Hawaii (between Molokai and Kauai); the chief island of the state^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Honolulu  #Waikiki  #Pearl_Harbor,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Nihau_Island__Nihau (^the most northwestern Hawaiian island (beyond Kauai)^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Molokai_Island__Molokai (^an island of central Hawaii (between Maui and Oahu)^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Maui_Island__Maui (^the second largest of the Hawaiian Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Lanai_Island__Lanai (^an island of central Hawaii; a pineapple-growing area^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Kauai_Island__Kauai (^an island of Hawaii northwest of Oahu^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Kahoolawe_Island__Kahoolawe (^an island of south-central Hawaii^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Hawaii_Island__Hawaii (^the largest and southernmost of the Hawaii islands; has several volcanic peaks^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Hilo  #Mauna_Kea  #Mauna_Loa,
   P  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Waikiki (^a well-known beach and resort area on Oahu Island southeast of Honolulu^)
   ^  #resort,
   P  #Oahu_Island;


#Honolulu__capital_of_Hawaii__Hawaiian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Hawaii; on the island of Oahu^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Oahu_Island;


#Hilo (^a town in Hawaii on the island of Hawaii^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Hawaii  #Hawaii_Island;


#Valdosta (^a town in southern Georgia near the Florida border^)
   ^  #town;


#Columbus.Georgia (^a city in western Georgia on the Chattahoochee River; industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry;


#Brunswick.Georgia (^a town in southeast Georgia near the Atlantic coast; a port of entry^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry;


#Georgia.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Savannah (^a port in eastern Georgia near the mouth of the Savannah river^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Georgia;


#Oxford.Mississippi (^a university town in northern Mississippi; home of William Faulkner^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Georgia;


#Macon (^a city in central Georgia southeast of Atlanta^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Georgia;


#Augusta.Georgia (^a city in eastern Georgia north-northwest of Savannah; noted for golf tournaments^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Georgia;


#Athens.Georgia (^a university town in northeast Georgia^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Georgia;


#Atlanta__capital_of_Georgia (^state capital and largest city of Georgia; plundered and burned by Sherman's army during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   p  #battle_of_Atlanta,
   P  #Georgia;


#Albany.Georgia (^a town in southwest Georgia; processing center for peanuts and pecans^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Georgia;


#Walt_Disney_World (^a large amusement park established in 1971 southwest of Orlando^)
   ^  #amusement_park,
   P  #Orlando;


#Everglades (^a large subtropical swamp in southern Florida that is noted for its wildlife^)
   ^  #swamp,
   P  #Florida;


#Biscayne_Bay (^a narrow bay formed by an inlet from the Atlantic Ocean in southeastern Florida^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Florida  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Apalachicola_River__Apalachicola (^a river in northwestern Florida formed by the confluence of the Chattahoochee River and the Flint River at the Florida border^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Florida;


#West_Palm_Beach (^a town in southeast Florida on the mainland opposite Palm Beach; founded as a commercial center for Palm Beach^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Tampa (^a resort city in western Florida; located on Tampa Bay on the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #city  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Florida;


#Tallahassee__capital_of_Florida (^capital of the state of Florida; located in northern Florida^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Florida;


#St._Petersburg__Saint_Petersburg (^a city in western Florida on Tampa Bay; a popular winter resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Florida;


#St._Augustine__Saint_Augustine (^a resort city in northeastern Florida; the oldest city in the United States^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Florida;


#Sarasota (^a town in west central Florida on the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Pensacola (^a town in extreme northwest Florida^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Panama_City.Florida (^a resort and fishing town on the Gulf of Mexico in northwest Florida^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Florida;


#Palm_Beach (^a resort town in southeast Florida on an island on the Atlantic coast^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Orlando (^a city in central Florida; site of Walt Disney World^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Walt_Disney_World,
   P  #Florida;


#Miami_Beach (^a city in southeastern Florida on an island between Biscayne Bay and the Atlantic Ocean; known for fashionable resort hotels^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Florida;


#Miami (^a city and resort in southeastern Florida on Biscayne Bay; the best known city in Florida^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Florida;


#Melbourne.Florida (^a resort town in east central Florida^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Key_West (^a town on the westernmost of the Florida keys in the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Jacksonville (^a port and important commercial center in northeastern Florida^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Florida;


#Gainesville (^a university town in north central Florida^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Fort_Myers (^a town in southwest Florida^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Fort_Lauderdale (^a city in southeast Florida on the Atlantic coast north of Miami; a favorite place for college students to go on their spring vacations^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Florida;


#Daytona_Beach (^a resort town in northeast Florida on the Atlantic coast; hard white beaches have been used for automobile speed trials^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Florida;


#Georgetown (^a section of northwestern Washington DC^)
   ^  #residential_district,
   P  #Washington;


#Capitol_Hill__the_Hill (^a hill in Washington, D.C., where the capitol building sits and Congress meets; "they are debating the budget today on Capital Hill"^)
   ^  #hill,
   P  #Washington;


#Washington__American_capital__capital_of_the_United_States (^the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Capitol_Building  #Lincoln_Memorial  #Washington_Monument  #White_House.residence  #Capitol_Hill  #Georgetown,
   =  #Potomac,
   P  #District_of_Columbia;


#Delaware.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Delaware_Bay (^an inlet of the North Atlantic; fed by the Delaware River^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Delaware  #New_Jersey  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Wilmington.Delaware (^the largest city in Delaware^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Delaware_Memorial_Bridge,
   P  #Delaware;


#Dover__capital_of_Delaware (^the capital of the state of Delaware^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Delaware;


#Connecticut.Colony (^one of the British colonies that formed the United States^)
   ^  #Colony;


#Long_Island_Sound (^a sound between Long Island and Connecticut^)
   ^  #sound.body_of_water,
   P  #Connecticut  #Long_Island  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Waterbury (^a city in west central Connecticut^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Connecticut;


#New_London (^a town in southeastern Connecticut near Long Island Sound; an important whaling center in the 19th century^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Connecticut;


#New_Haven (^a city in southwestern Connecticut; site of Yale University^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Yale_university,
   P  #Connecticut;


#Hartford__capital_of_Connecticut (^the state capital of Connecticut; located in central Connecticut on the Connecticut river; a center of the insurance business^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Connecticut;


#Farmington.Connecticut (^a residential town in central Connecticut^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Connecticut;


#Bridgeport (^a port in southwestern Connecticut on Long Island Sound^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Connecticut;


#Pike's_Peak (^a mountain peak in the Rockies in central Colorado (14,109 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Colorado  #Rockies;


#Pueblo.Colorado (^a city in Colorado south of Colorado Springs^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Colorado;


#Denver__Mile-High_City__capital_of_Colorado (^the state capital and largest city of Colorado; located in central Colorado on the South Platte river^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Colorado;


#Colorado_Springs (^a city in east central Colorado; popular tourist center and site of the United States Air Force Academy^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Colorado;


#Boulder (^a town in north central Colorado; Rocky Mountains resort center and university town^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Colorado;


#San_Francisco_Bay (^a bay of the Pacific in western California^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #San_Francisco  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Nob_Hill (^a fashionable neighborhood in San Francisco^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #San_Francisco;


#San_Diego_Bay (^a bay of the Pacific in southern California^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #San_Diego  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Santa_Catalina__Catalina_Island (^an island resort in the Pacific off the southwestern coast of California^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Los_Angeles  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Disneyland (^an amusement park in Anaheim created in 1955 by Walt Disney^)
   ^  #amusement_park,
   P  #Anaheim;


#Sierra_Nevada_Mountains__Sierra_Nevada__High_Sierra (^a mountain range in eastern California; contains Mount Whitney^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Mount_Whitney,
   P  #California;


#San_Joaquin_Valley (^a vast valley in central California known for its rich farmland^)
   ^  #valley,
   P  #California;


#San_Andreas_Fault (^a major geological fault in California; runs from San Diego to San Francisco; the source of serious earthquakes^)
   ^  #geological_fault,
   P  #California;


#Mojave_Desert__Mojave__Mohave__Mohave_Desert (^a desert area in southern California^)
   ^  #desert,
   p  #Death_Valley,
   P  #California;


#Death_Valley (^a desert area in eastern California and southern Nevada; the lowest point in North America^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #California  #Nevada  #Mojave_Desert;


#Silicon_Valley (^a region in California south of San Francisco that is noted for its concentration of high-technology industries^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #California;


#Big_Sur (^a picturesque coastal region of California south of San Francisco^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #California;


#Santa_Clara (^a city of west central California; residential area with light industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Santa_Barbara (^a town in southwestern California on the Pacific Ocean^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#Santa_Ana.California (^a city in southern California east of Long Beach^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#San_Pablo (^a town in western California north of Oakland on an arm of San Francisco Bay^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#San_Mateo (^a town in California south of San Francisco^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#San_Jose.California (^a city in western California southeast of San Francisco; a center for computer and electronics industries^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#San_Francisco (^a port in western California; has one of the world's finest harbors; site of the Golden Gate Bridge^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Golden_Gate_Bridge  #Nob_Hill  #San_Francisco_Bay,
   P  #California;


#San_Diego (^a city of southern California on San Diego Bay near the Mexican border; site of an important naval base^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #San_Diego_Bay,
   P  #California;


#San_Bernadino (^a city in southern California east of Los Angeles^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Sacramento__capital_of_California (^a city in north central California; capital of California^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #California;


#Riverside (^a city in southern California^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Redding (^a town in north central California on the Sacramento River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#Pasadena (^a city in southwestern California east of Los Angeles^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Palo_Alto (^a university town in California^)
   ^  #town,
   p  #Stanford_University,
   P  #California;


#Oakland (^a city in western California on San Francisco Bay opposite San Francisco^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Monterey (^a town in western California south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#Los_Angeles__City_of_the_Angels (^a city in southern California; most populous city of California^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Santa_Catalina,
   P  #California;


#Long_Beach (^a city in southern California^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Fresno (^a city in south central California in the San Joaquin Valley; center of an important agricultural area^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Eureka (^a town in northwest California on an arm of the Pacific Ocean^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#Beverly_Hills (^a city in southwestern California surrounded by Los Angeles; home of many Hollywood actors^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Berkeley (^a city in California on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay; site of the University of California at Berkeley^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Barstow (^a town in southeastern California^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #California;


#Bakersfield (^a city in south central California at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #California;


#Anaheim (^a city in southern California (southeast of Los Angeles); site of Disneyland^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Disneyland,
   P  #California;


#Colorado_Desert  (^an arid region of southeastern California^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #California;


#Ozarks__Ozark_Mountains__Ozark_Plateau (^an area of low mountains in northwestern Arkansas and southeastern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Ouachita_River__Ouachita (^a river that rises in western Arkansas and flows southeast into eastern Louisiana to become a tributary of the Red River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Arkansas  #Louisiana;


#Texarkana.Arkansas (^a town in southwest Arkansas on the Texas border adjacent to Texarkana, Texas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Pine_Bluff (^a town in southeast central Arkansas on the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Little_Rock__capital_of_Arkansas (^the state capital and largest city of Arkansas in the central part of Arkansas on the Arkansas River^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Jonesboro (^a town in northeast Arkansas^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Hot_Springs (^a town in west central Arkansas; a health resort noted for thermal springs^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Fort_Smith (^a town in western Arkansas on the Arkansas River at the Oklahoma border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Fayetteville (^a university town in northwestern Arkansas in the Ozarks^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Grand_Canyon (^the enormous gorge of the Colorado River in northern Arizona^)
   ^  #gorge,
   P  #Arizona  #Colorado_Plateau;


#Gila_River__Gila (^a river that rises in western New Mexico and flows westward through southern Arizona to become a tributary of the Colorado River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Arizona  #New_Mexico;


#Painted_Desert (^a desert on a high plateau in northeastern Arizona^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Arizona;


#Gila_Desert (^a desert area in southern Arizona^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Arizona;


#Yuma.Arizona (^a town in southwestern Arizona on the Colorado River and the California border^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arizona;


#Tucson (^a city in southeastern Arizona^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Arizona;


#Prescott (^a town in central Arizona^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arizona;


#Phoenix.Arizona__capital_of_Arizona (^the state capital and largest city of Arizona^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Arizona;


#Nogales.Arizona (^a town in Arizona on the Mexican border opposite Nogales, Mexico^)
   ^  #town  #port_of_entry,
   P  #Arizona;


#Flagstaff (^a town in north central Arizona; site of an important observatory^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Arizona;


#Admiralty_Island (^an Alaskan island in the Alexander Archipelago near Juneau^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Alexander_Archipelago;


#Prudhoe_Bay (^a bay on the northern coast of Alaska where oil was discovered in 1968^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Alaska;


#Alaska_Range (^a mountain range in south central Alaska; contains Mount McKinley^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Mount_McKinley  #North_Peak,
   P  #Alaska;


#Alexander_Archipelago (^a group of islands off southeastern Alaska^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Admiralty_Island,
   P  #Alaska;


#Seward_Peninsula (^a peninsula in western Alaska that projects westward into the Bering Sea just below the Arctic Circle^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Alaska;


#Alaska_Peninsula (^a peninsula in southwestern Alaska (a continuation of the Aleutian Islands)^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Alaska;


#Valdez (^a port on Alaska's southern coast from which oil is shipped to markets around the world^)
   ^  #port,
   P  #Alaska;


#Nome (^a town in western Alaska on the southern coast of the Seward Peninsula; an important center of an Alaskan gold rush at the beginning of the 20th century^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Alaska;


#Anchorage (^a city in south central Alaska; "Anchorage is the largest city in Alaska"^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alaska;


#Juneau__capital_of_Alaska (^the state capital of Alaska^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Alaska;


#Mobile_Bay (^a bay of the Gulf of Mexico; fed by the Mobile River^)
   ^  #bay,
   P  #Alabama  #Gulf_of_Mexico;


#Tuskegee (^a town in eastern Alabama^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Alabama;


#Tuscaloosa (^a university town in west central Alabama^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Alabama;


#Selma (^a city in central Alabama on the Alabama river; in 1965 it was the center of a drive to register Black voters^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alabama;


#Mobile (^a port in southwestern Alabama on Mobile Bay^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Alabama;


#Huntsville (^a city in northern Alabama; center for space research^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alabama;


#Gadsden (^an industrial town in north central Alabama^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Alabama;


#Decatur.Alabama (^a town in northern Alabama on the Tennessee River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Alabama;


#Pittsburgh_of_the_South__Birmingham (^the largest city in Alabama; located in northeastern Alabama^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alabama;


#Montgomery__capital_of_Alabama (^the state capital of Alabama on the Mobile River^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   P  #Alabama;


#Union__North  (^the United States (especially the northern states during the American Civil War); "he has visited every state in the Union"; "Lee hoped to detach Maryland from the Union"; "the North's superior resources turned the scale"^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   l  #USA,
   p  #free_state;


#Old_South  (^the American South before the Civil War^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   l  #South_USA;


#Carolina (^the area of the states of North Carolina and South Carolina^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #South_USA;


#Piedmont (^the plateau between the coastal plain and the Appalachian Mountains: parts of Virginia and North and South Carolina and Georgia and Alabama^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #South_USA;


#Tidewater (^the coastal plain of the South: eastern parts of Virginia and North Carolina and South Carolina and Georgia^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #South_USA;


#Deep_South (^the southeastern region of the United States: South Carolina and Georgia and Alabama and Mississippi and Louisiana; prior to the American Civil War all these states produced cotton and permitted slavery^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Alabama  #Georgia  #Louisiana  #Mississippi  #South_Carolina,
   P  #South_USA;


#Confederate_States_of_America__Confederacy__South__Dixie__Dixieland  (^the 11 southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #slave_state,
   m  #Alabama  #Florida  #Georgia  #Kentucky  #Louisiana  #Mississippi  #North_Carolina  #South_Carolina  #Tennessee  #Texas  #Virginia;


#Texas__Lone-Star_State__TX (^the second largest state; located in southwestern United States on the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Big_Bend_National_Park  #Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park  #Abilene  #Amarillo  #Austin  #Beaumont  #Brownsville  #Bryan  #Corpus_Christi  #Dallas  #Del_Rio  #El_Paso  #Fort_Worth  #Galveston  #Galveston_Island  #Houston  #Laredo  #Lubbock  #Lufkin  #McAllen  #Midland  #Odessa  #Paris.Texas  #San_Angelo  #San_Antonio  #Sherman  #Texarkana.Texas  #Tyler  #Victoria.Texas  #Waco  #Wichita_Falls  #Brazos_River  #Canadian_River  #Colorado_River.Texas  #Galveston_Bay  #Guadalupe_Mountains  #Llano_Estacado  #Sabine_River,
   P  #Gulf_States,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#Mississippi__Magnolia_State__MS (^a state in the Deep South on the gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate States during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #siege_of_Vicksburg  #Biloxi.Mississippi  #Columbus.Mississippi  #Greenville  #Hattiesburg  #Jackson.Mississippi  #Meridian  #Natchez  #Tupelo  #Vicksburg  #Yazoo_River,
   P  #Gulf_States,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America  #Deep_South;


#Louisiana__Pelican_State__LA (^a state in southern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Alexandria  #Baton_Rouge  #Lafayette.Louisiana  #Monroe.Louisiana  #Morgan_City  #New_Orleans  #Shreveport  #Ouachita_River,
   P  #Gulf_States,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America  #Deep_South;


#Florida__Sunshine_State__Everglade_State__FL (^a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Biscayne_National_Park  #Everglades_National_Park  #Daytona_Beach  #Fort_Lauderdale  #Fort_Myers  #Gainesville  #Jacksonville  #Key_West  #Melbourne.Florida  #Miami  #Miami_Beach  #Orlando  #Palm_Beach  #Panama_City.Florida  #Pensacola  #Sarasota  #St._Augustine  #St._Petersburg  #Tallahassee  #Tampa  #West_Palm_Beach  #Apalachicola_River  #Biscayne_Bay  #Cape_Canaveral  #Everglades  #Florida_keys  #Lake_Okeechobee  #Okefenokee_Swamp  #Tampa_Bay,
   P  #Gulf_States,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#Alabama__Heart_of_Dixie__Camellia_State__AL (^a state in the southeastern United States on the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #battle_of_Chickamauga  #Montgomery  #Pittsburgh_of_the_South  #Decatur.Alabama  #Gadsden  #Huntsville  #Mobile  #Selma  #Tuscaloosa  #Tuskegee  #Alabama_River  #Mobile_River  #Mobile_Bay,
   P  #Gulf_States,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America  #Deep_South;


#Gulf_States (^a region of the United States comprising states bordering the Gulf of Mexico; Alabama and Florida and Louisiana and Mississippi and Texas^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Alabama  #Florida  #Louisiana  #Mississippi  #Texas,
   P  #South_USA;


#New_York_State__New_York__Empire_State__NY (^a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #battle_of_Saratoga  #Cornell_University  #Tappan_Zee_Bridge  #Albany.New_York_State  #Buffalo  #Erie_Canal  #New_York  #Ellis_Island  #Ithaca  #West_Point  #Long_Island  #Binghamton  #Kingston.New_York_State  #Newburgh  #Niagara_Falls  #Rochester.New_York_State  #Schenectady  #Syracuse  #Utica.New_York_State  #Saratoga_Springs  #Watertown.New_York_State  #Adirondacks  #Allegheny_River  #American_Falls  #Catskills  #Cayuga_Lake  #Delaware_River  #Hudson_River  #Lake_Champlain  #Niagara,
   P  #Mid-Atlantic_states;


#New_Jersey__Garden_State__NJ (^a Mid-Atlantic state on the Atlantic; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #battle_of_Monmouth_Court_House  #Atlantic_City  #Trenton  #Jersy_City  #Newark  #New_Brunswick.New_Jersey  #Bayonne  #Camden  #Paterson  #Princeton  #Cape_May  #Delaware_Bay,
   P  #Mid-Atlantic_states;


#Maryland__Old_Line_State__Free_State__MD (^a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Aberdeen.Maryland  #Annapolis  #Baltimore  #Frederick  #Hagerstown  #Chesapeake_Bay,
   P  #Mid-Atlantic_states;


#Delaware__Diamond_State__First_State__DE (^a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Dover  #Wilmington.Delaware  #Delaware_River  #Delaware_Bay,
   P  #Mid-Atlantic_states;


#Vermont__Green_Mountain_State__VT (^a state in New England^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Montpelier  #Bennington  #Brattleboro  #Burlington  #Rutland  #Lake_Champlain,
   P  #New_England;


#Rhode_Island__Little_Rhody__Ocean_State__RI (^a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies; the smallest state^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Providence  #Newport.Rhode_Island  #Narragansett_Bay,
   P  #New_England;


#New_Hampshire__Granite_State__NH (^a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Concord.New_Hampshire  #Manchester.New_Hampshire  #Portsmouth  #Merrimack_River,
   P  #New_England;


#Massachusetts__Bay_State__Old_Colony__MA  (^a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Boston  #Cambridge.Massachusetts  #Concord.Massachusetts  #Gloucester.Massachusetts  #Lexington.Massachusetts  #Medford.Massachusetts  #Worcester.Massachusetts  #Cape_Ann  #Cape_Cod  #Plymouth  #Salem.Massachusetts  #Berkshires  #Charles_River  #Housatonic_River  #Merrimack_River,
   P  #New_England,
   L  #Pittsfield  #Springfield;


#Maine__Pine_Tree_State__ME (^a state in New England^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Acadia_National_Park  #Augusta.Maine  #Bangor.Maine  #Brunswick.Maine  #Lewiston.Maine  #Orono  #Portland.Maine  #Penobscot_River,
   P  #New_England;


#Connecticut__Nutmeg_State__Constitution_State__CT (^a New England state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Bridgeport  #Farmington.Connecticut  #Hartford  #New_Haven  #New_London  #Waterbury  #Housatonic_River  #Long_Island_Sound,
   P  #New_England;


#Yosemite_Falls__Yosemite (^a series of waterfalls in Yosemite National Park in California; is reduced to a trickle for part of each year^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #USA;


#Yellowstone_River__Yellowstone (^a tributary of the Missouri River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Wisconsin_River__Wisconsin (^a tributary of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#White_River__White (^a tributary of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Wabash_River__Wabash (^a tributary of the Ohio River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Twin_Falls.Snake_River__Twin  (^a waterfall in the Snake River in southern Idaho^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #USA  #Snake_River;


#Tombigbee_River__Tombigbee (^a tributary of the Mobile River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Susquehanna_River__Susquehanna (^a river in the eastern United States that flows into Chesapeake Bay^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#South_Platte_River__South_Platte (^a tributary of the Platte River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Snake_River__Snake (^a tributary of the Columbia River^)
   ^  #river,
   p  #Twin_Falls.Snake_River,
   P  #USA;


#Salmon_River__Salmon (^a tributary of the Snake River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Saint_Francis_River__Saint_Francis__St._Francis__St._Francis_River (^a tributary of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Republican_River__Republican (^a tributary of the Kansas River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Red_River__Red (^a tributary of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Pee_Dee_River__Pee_Dee (^a North American River; flows to the Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Pecos_River__Pecos (^a tributary of the Rio Grande^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Niobrara_River__Niobrara (^a tributary of the Missouri River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #USA;


#Wyoming__Equality_State__WY (^a state in the western United States; mountainous in the west and north with the Great Plains in the east^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Grand_Teton_National_Park  #Yellowstone_National_Park  #Black_Hills  #Casper  #Cheyenne.Wyoming  #Jackson.Wyoming  #Lander  #Laramie  #Rock_Springs  #Bighorn_River  #Black_Hills.range_of_mountains  #Green_River  #Little_Bighorn_River  #Little_Missouri_River  #North_Platte_River  #Teton_Range,
   P  #USA;


#West_Virginia__Mountain_State__WV  (^a state in east central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Beckley  #Charleston.West_Virginia  #Clarksburg  #Fayetteville.West_Virginia  #Huntington  #Morgantown  #Parkersburg  #Wheeling  #Kanawha_River  #Monongahela_River,
   P  #USA;


#Washington_State__Washington__Evergreen_State__WA  (^a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Mount_Ranier_National_Park  #North_Cascades_National_Park  #Olympic_National_Park  #Aberdeen.Washington  #Bellingham  #Kennewick  #Olympia.Washington_State  #Seattle  #Spokane  #Tacoma  #Vancouver.Washington  #Walla_Walla  #Yakima  #Mount_Saint_Helens  #Mount_Adams  #Columbia_River  #Puget_Sound  #Mount_Ranier,
   P  #USA;


#Utah__Beehive_State__Mormon_State__UT (^a state in the western United States; settled in 1847 by Mormons led by Brigham Young^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Arches_National_Park  #Bruce_Canyon_National_Park  #Canyonlands_National_Park  #Capitol_Reef_National_Park  #Zion_National_Park  #Ogden  #Provo  #Salt_Lake_City  #Colorado_River  #Colorado_Plateau  #Great_Salt_Lake  #Green_River,
   P  #USA;


#Tennessee__Volunteer_State__TN (^a state in east central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #battle_of_Chattanooga  #battle_of_Shiloh  #Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park  #Chattanooga  #Columbia.Tennessee  #Jackson.Tennessee  #Johnson_City  #Knoxville  #Memphis.Tennessee  #Nashville  #Cumberland_River  #Tennessee_River,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#South_Dakota__Coyote_State__Mount_Rushmore_State__SD (^a state in north central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Bad_Lands  #Badlands_National_Park  #Wind_Cave_National_Park  #Aberdeen.South_Dakota  #Pierre  #Rapid_City  #Sioux_Falls  #Black_Hills  #Black_Hills.range_of_mountains  #James_River  #Little_Missouri_River  #Mount_Rushmore,
   P  #USA;


#South_Carolina__Palmetto_State__SC (^a state in the Deep South; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #battle_of_Cowpens  #Columbia.South_Carolina  #Charleston.South_Carolina  #Florence  #Greenville.South_Carolina  #Savannah_River,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America  #Deep_South;


#Oregon__Beaver_State__OR (^a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Crater_Lake_National_Park  #Bend  #Eugene  #Klamath_Falls  #Medford.Oregon  #Portland.Oregon  #Salem.Oregon  #Klamath_River  #Willamette_River,
   P  #USA;


#Oklahoma__Sooner_State__OK (^a state in south central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Platt_National_Park  #Bartlesville  #Enid  #Lawton  #McAlester  #Muskogee.Oklahoma  #Oklahoma_City  #Tulsa  #Arkansas_River  #Canadian_River  #Cimarron_River  #Llano_Estacado  #Neosho_River,
   P  #USA;


#North_Dakota__Peace_Garden_State__ND (^a state of north central United States bordering on Canada^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_National_Park  #Bismarck  #Fargo  #James_River  #Little_Missouri_River,
   P  #USA;


#North_Carolina__Old_North_State__Tar_Heel_State__NC (^a state in southeastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park  #Cape_Fear  #Cape_Hatteras  #Hatteras_Island  #Raleigh  #Asheville  #Chappel_Hill  #Charlotte  #Durham  #Fayetteville.North_Carolina  #Greensboro  #Greenville.North_Carolina  #Wilmington.North_Carolina  #Winston-Salem  #Cape_Fear_River,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#New_Mexico__Land_of_Enchantment__NM (^a state in southwestern United States on the Mexican border^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park  #Albuquerque  #Carlsbad  #Farmington.New_Mexico  #Gallup  #Las_Cruces  #Los_Alamos  #Roswell  #Santa_Fe  #Silver_City  #Taos  #Brazos_River  #Canadian_River  #Carlsbad_Caverns  #Cimarron_River  #Colorado_Plateau  #Gila_River  #Guadalupe_Mountains  #Llano_Estacado  #Sacramento_Mountains  #Wheeler_Peak,
   P  #USA;


#Nevada__Silver_State__Battle_Born_State__Sagebrush_State__NV (^a state in the western United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Hoover_Dam  #Carson_City  #Las_Vegas  #Reno  #Death_Valley,
   P  #USA;


#Montana__Treasure_State__MT (^a state in northwestern United States on the Canadian border^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn  #Yellowstone_National_Park  #Bozeman  #Billings  #Great_Falls  #Helena  #Missoula  #Bighorn_River  #Little_Bighorn_River  #Little_Missouri_River  #Milk_River,
   P  #USA;


#Kentucky__Bluegrass_State__KY (^a state in east central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War; famous for breeding race horses^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Mammoth_Cave_National_Park  #Bowling_Green  #Frankfort  #Lexington.Kentucky  #Louisville  #Owensboro  #Paducah  #Cumberland_River  #Tennessee_River,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#Idaho__Gem_State__ID (^a state in the Rocky Mountains^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Yellowstone_National_Park  #Boise  #Coeur_d'Alene  #Idaho_Falls  #Lewiston.Idaho  #Nampa  #Pocatello  #Twin_Falls.Idaho,
   P  #USA;


#Hawaii__Aloha_State__HI (^a state in the United States in the central Pacific on the Hawaiian Islands^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Haleakala_National_Park  #Hawaii_Volcanoes_National_Park  #Hilo,
   P  #USA  #Hawaiian_Islands;


#Georgia__Empire_State_of_the_South__Peach_State__GA (^a state in southeastern United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Kennesaw_Mountain  #Albany.Georgia  #Atlanta  #Athens.Georgia  #Augusta.Georgia  #Macon  #Oxford.Mississippi  #Savannah  #Chattahoochee_River  #Flint_River  #Okefenokee_Swamp,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America  #Deep_South;


#District_of_Columbia__DC (^the district occupied entirely by the city of Washington^)
   ^  #federal_district,
   p  #Washington,
   P  #USA;


#Colorado__Centennial_State__CO (^a state in west central United States in the Rocky Mountains^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Mesa_Verde_National_Park  #Rocky_Mountain_National_Park  #Boulder  #Colorado_Springs  #Denver  #Pueblo.Colorado  #Arkansas_River  #Colorado_River  #Colorado_Plateau  #North_Platte_River  #Pike's_Peak  #Mount_Sherman,
   P  #USA;


#California__Golden_State__CA  (^a state in the western United States on the Pacific; the 3rd largest state; known for earthquakes^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Colorado_Desert  #Channel_Islands_National_Park  #Kings_Canyon_National_Park  #Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park  #Redwood_National_Park  #Sequoia_National_Park  #Yosemite_National_Park  #Anaheim  #Bakersfield  #Barstow  #Berkeley  #Beverly_Hills  #Eureka  #Fresno  #Long_Beach  #Los_Angeles  #Monterey  #Oakland  #Palo_Alto  #Pasadena  #Redding  #Riverside  #Sacramento  #San_Bernadino  #San_Diego  #San_Francisco  #San_Jose.California  #San_Mateo  #San_Pablo  #Santa_Ana.California  #Santa_Barbara  #Santa_Clara  #Big_Sur  #Silicon_Valley  #Death_Valley  #Mojave_Desert  #Golden_Gate  #Klamath_River  #Monterey_Bay  #Sacramento_River  #San_Andreas_Fault  #San_Joaquin_Valley  #Mount_Shasta  #Sierra_Nevada_Mountains,
   P  #USA;


#Arkansas__Land_of_Opportunity__AR (^a state in south central United States; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Hot_Springs_National_Park  #Fayetteville  #Fort_Smith  #Hot_Springs  #Jonesboro  #Little_Rock  #Pine_Bluff  #Texarkana.Arkansas  #Arkansas_River  #Ouachita_River  #Ozarks,
   P  #USA;


#Arizona__Grand_Canyon_State__AZ (^a state in southwestern United States; site of the Grand Canyon^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Grand_Canyon_National_Park  #Petrified_Forest_National_Park  #Flagstaff  #Nogales.Arizona  #Phoenix.Arizona  #Prescott  #Tucson  #Yuma.Arizona  #Gila_Desert  #Painted_Desert  #Colorado_River  #Colorado_Plateau  #Gila_River  #Grand_Canyon,
   P  #USA;


#Alaska__Last_Frontier__AK (^a state in northwestern North America; the 49th state admitted to the union; "Alaska is the largest state in the United States"^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Alaskan_pipeline  #Iditarod_Trail  #Denali_National_Park  #Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park  #Katmai_National_Park  #Kenai_Fjords_National_Park  #Kobuk_Valley_National_Park  #Lake_Clark_National_Park  #Wrangell-St._Elias_National_Park  #Aleutian_Islands  #Juneau  #Anchorage  #Nome  #Valdez  #Alaska_Peninsula  #Seward_Peninsula  #Alexander_Archipelago  #Alaska_Peninsula.peninsula  #Alaska_Range  #Denali_Fault  #Kodiak_Island  #Mount_McKinley  #Great_Mendenhall_Glacier  #Prudhoe_Bay  #St._Elias_Range,
   P  #USA;


#Dakota.geographical_area (^the area of the states of North Dakota and South Dakota^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #USA;


#North_USA  (^the region of the United States lying north of the Mason-Dixon line^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Yankee,
   P  #USA;


#Sunbelt (^states in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #USA;


#South_USA  (^the region of the United States lying south of the Mason-Dixon line^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Gulf_States  #Deep_South  #Tidewater  #Piedmont  #Carolina,
   m  #Southerner,
   P  #USA,
   L  #Old_South;


#Mid-Atlantic_states (^a region of the eastern United States comprising New York and New Jersey and Pennsylvania and Delaware and Maryland^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Delaware  #Maryland  #New_Jersey  #New_York_State  #Pennsylvania,
   P  #USA;


#New_England (^a region of northeastern United States comprising Maine and New Hampshire and Vermont and Massachusetts and Rhode Island and Connecticut^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Connecticut  #Maine  #Massachusetts  #New_Hampshire  #Rhode_Island  #Vermont,
   m  #New_Englander,
   P  #USA;


#Dubai (^port city in the United Arab Emirates on the Persian Gulf^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #United_Arab_Emirates;


#Abu_Dhabi__United_Arab_Emirates's_capital (^a sheikhdom of eastern Arabia and capital of the United Arab Emirates^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #United_Arab_Emirates;


#Kampala__capital_of_Uganda (^the capital and largest city of Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Buganda;


#Gulu (^a city in northern Uganda^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Uganda;


#Jinja (^a city in Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Uganda;


#Buganda (^a state of Uganda and site of a former Bantu kingdom^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   p  #Kampala,
   P  #Uganda;


#Uganda__Republic_of_Uganda (^a landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Buganda  #Jinja  #Gulu  #Nile_River,
   m  #Ugandan,
   P  #Africa;


#Bosporus (^a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route^)
   ^  #strait,
   P  #Turkey;


#Mount_Ararat__Ararat__Mt._Ararat (^the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Turkey;


#Izmir__Smyrna (^a port city in western Turkey^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Turkey;


#Bursa__Brusa (^a city in northwestern Turkey^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Turkey;


#Istanbul__Stambul__Stamboul__Constantinople (^the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Bosporus_Bridge,
   P  #Turkey;


#Dardanelles__Hellespont (^the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European from Asian Turkey^)
   ^  #strait,
   P  #Turkey;


#Antioch__Antakya__Antakiya (^a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Turkey;


#Antalya__Adalia (^a port city in southwestern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Turkey;


#Ankara__Turkish_capital__capital_of_Turkey (^the capital of Turkey; located in west-central Turkey; formerly known as Angora and is the home of Angora goats^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Turkey;


#Adana__Seyhan (^a city in southern Turkey on the Seyhan River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Turkey;


#Abydos (^an ancient Greek colony on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles; scene of the legend of Hero and Leander^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Turkey;


#Ottoman_Empire__Turkish_Empire (^an empire created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and that lasted until the end of World War I^)
   ^  #empire,
   P  #Africa  #Asia  #Europe;


#Sfax__Safaqis (^the second largest city in Tunisia; located in eastern Tunisia near a phosphate region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tunisia;


#Tunis__capital_of_Tunisia (^the capital and principal port of Tunisia^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Tunisia;


#Bangkok__capital_of_Thailand__Krung_Thep (^the capital and largest city and chief port of Thailand; a leading city in southeastern Asia; noted for Buddhist architecture^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Thailand;


#Olduvai_Gorge (^a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains^)
   ^  #gorge,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Mount_Kilimanjaro__Kilimanjaro (^the highest peak in Africa; located in northeastern Tanzania; 19,340 feet high^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Tabora (^a city in central Tanzania^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Zanzibar (^an island in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa; part of the United Republic of Tanzania^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Tanganyika (^a former state in East Africa; united with Zanzibar in 1964 to form Tanzania^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Dar_es_Salaam__capital_of_Tanzania (^the capital and second largest city of Tanzania^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Tanzania;


#Tanzania__United_Republic_of_Tanzania (^a republic in eastern Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Dar_es_Salaam  #Tanganyika  #Zanzibar  #Tabora  #Mount_Kilimanjaro  #Olduvai_Gorge,
   m  #Tanzanian,
   P  #Africa;


#Aleppo__Alep (^a city in northwestern Syria^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Syria;


#Damascus__capital_of_Syria (^an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   m  #Damascene,
   P  #Syria;


#Weisshorn (^a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland (14,804 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Switzerland  #the_Alps;


#Zurich (^the largest city in Switzerland; located in the northern part of the country; "Zurich is the center of the German-speaking part of Switzerland"^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Switzerland;


#Lausanne (^a city in western Switzerland; cultural and commercial center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Switzerland;


#Geneva__Geneve__Genf (^a city in southwestern Switzerland at the western end of Lake Geneva; the Palace of Nations originally housed the League of Nations and is now the European headquarters for the United Nations^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Switzerland;


#Basel__Basle__Bale (^a city in northwestern Switzerland^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Switzerland;


#Bern__Berne__capital_of_Switzerland (^the capital of Switzerland; located in western Switzerland^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Switzerland;


#Switzerland__Swiss_Confederation__Suisse__Schweiz__Svizzera (^a landlocked federal republic in central Europe^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #battle_of_Sempatch  #Ticino  #Swiss_canton  #Bern  #Basel  #Geneva  #Lausanne  #Zurich  #Aare_River  #the_Alps  #Matterhorn  #Rhine_River  #Rhone_River  #Weisshorn,
   P  #Europe;


#Mbabane__capital_of_Swaziland (^capital of Swaziland; located in northwestern Swaziland^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Swaziland;


#Swaziland__Kingdom_of_Swaziland (^a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the Commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Mbabane,
   m  #Swazi.African,
   P  #Africa;


#Suriname_River__Surinam_River (^a river in Suriname that flows northward to the Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Suriname;


#Paramaribo__capital_of_Suriname (^the capital and largest city and major port of Surinam^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Suriname;


#Omdurman (^a city of Sudan; located in the central Sudan on the White Nile opposite Khartoum^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Sudan;


#Port_Sudan (^port city in Sudan on the Red Sea^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Sudan;


#Nyala (^city in Sudan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Sudan;


#Khartoum__capital_of_Sudan (^the capital of Sudan located at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Sudan;


#Kordofan (^a mountainous province of central Sudan^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Sudan;


#Nubian_Desert (^an arid sandstone plateau between the Nile and the Red Sea^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Sudan;


#Sudan__Soudan (^a region of North Africa south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #battle_of_Omdurman  #Nubian_Desert,
   P  #Africa;


#Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe  (^place of a colony of the United Kingdom located on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules^)
   ^  #promontory,
   P  #Europe  #Pillars_of_Hercules,
   L  #Gibraltarian (pm);


#Leon.geographical_area (^a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Tenerife (^a Spanish island in the Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa; the largest of the Canary Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Canary_Islands  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Sierra_Nevada (^a mountain range in southern Spain along the Mediterranean coast east of Granada^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Spain;


#Ebro_River__Ebro (^a Spanish river; flows into the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Spain;


#Valencia.Spain (^a city in eastern Spain on the Mediterranean; "Valencia is the third largest city in Spain"^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Galicia (^a region (and former kingdom) in northwestern Spain on the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Spain;


#Catalonia (^a region of northeastern Spain^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Spain;


#Castile__Castilla (^a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Spain;


#Zaragoza__Saragossa (^an ancient city in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Aragon (^a region of northeastern Spain; a former kingdom that united with Castile in 1479 to form Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella I)^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Spain;


#Toledo.Spain (^a city in central Spain on the Tagus river; famous for steel and swords since the first century^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Sevilla__Seville (^a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Spain;


#San_Sebastian (^a city in northern Spain on the Bay of Biscay near the French border; a fashionable seaside resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Oviedo (^a city in northwestern Spain near the Cantabrian Mountains^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Malaga (^a port city and resort in Andalusia in southern Spain on the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Spain;


#Leon.Spain (^a city in northwestern Spain at the foot of the Cantabrian Mountains^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Jerez_de_la_Frontera__Jerez (^a city in southwestern Spain that is famous for making sherry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Cordova__Cordoba (^a city in southern Spain; center of Moorish culture^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Spain;


#Cartagena.port (^a port in southeastern Spain on the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Spain;


#Cadiz (^an ancient port city in southwestern Spain^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Spain;


#Barcelona (^a city in northeastern Spain on the Mediterranean; 2nd largest Spanish city and the largest port and commercial center; has been a center for radical political beliefs^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Spain;


#Canary_Islands__Canaries (^a group of mountainous islands in the Atlantic off the northwest coast of Africa forming Spanish provinces^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Tenerife,
   P  #Spain;


#Majorca (^the largest of the Balearic Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Spain  #Balearic_Islands;


#Balearic_Islands (^an archipelago in the western Mediterranean off the eastern coast of Spain^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Majorca,
   P  #Spain;


#Madrid__capital_of_Spain__Spanish_capital (^the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Spain;


#Latin_America  (^the parts of North and South America south of the United States where Romance languages (Spanish and Portuguese) are spoken^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   l  #Central_America  #South_America,
   m  #Latin_American,
   P  #North_America  #South_America;


#Samarkand__Samarcand (^city in southern Uzbekistan; Tamerlane's opulent capital in the 14th century^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Uzbekistan;


#Tashkent__Taskent__capital_of_Uzbek (^the capital of Uzbekistan^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Uzbekistan;


#Klyuchevskaya (^an inactive volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula; last erupted in 1946^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Kamchatka_Peninsula;


#Ashkhabad__capital_of_Turkmenistan (^the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Turkmenistan;


#Dushanbe__Dusanbe__Dyushambe__Stalinabad__capital_of_Tajikistan (^the capital of Tajikistan; formerly Stalinabad 1926-1991^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Tajikistan;


#Bishkek__Biskek__Frunze__capital_of_Kyrgystan (^the capital of Kyrgystan (known as Frunze 1926-1991)^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Kyrgystan;


#Astana__Akmola__capital_of_Kazakhstan (^remote city of Kazakhstan that (ostensibly for security reasons) was made the capital in 1998^)
   ^  #capital_city;


#Almaty__Alma-Ata (^the largest city in Kazakhstan and the capital until 1998^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kazakhstan;


#Adzhar__Adzharia (^an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #Sakartvelo;


#Abkhazia__Abkhaz (^an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea; a strong independence movement has resulted in much instability^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   m  #Abkhaz,
   P  #Sakartvelo;


#Tbilisi__Tiflis__capital_of_Georgia (^the capital and largest city of Georgia on the Kura river^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Sakartvelo;


#Baku__capital_of_Azerbaijan (^a port city on the Caspian Sea that is the capital of Azerbaijan and an important center for oil production^)
   ^  #capital_city  #port,
   P  #Azerbaijan;


#Yerevan__Jerevan__Erivan__capital_of_Armenia (^capital of Armenia^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Armenia;


#Dnepropetrovsk__Yekaterinoslav (^city in east central Ukraine on the Dnieper River; center of metallurgical industry^)
   ^  #city;


#Dneprodzerzhinsk (^port city and industrial center in east central Ukraine on the Dnieper River^)
   ^  #city  #port;


#Colchis (^a region on the Black Sea south of the Caucasus that was the site of an ancient country where (according to Greek mythology) Jason sought the Golden Fleece^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Yalta (^a resort city in southern Ukraine on the Black Sea; scene of the Allied conference between Churchill and Stalin and Roosevelt in 1945^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Crimea;


#Sebastopol__Sevastopol (^a city in southern Ukraine on the Black Sea^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Crimea;


#Odesa__Odessa (^a port city of south central Ukraine on an arm of the Black Sea^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Kharkov__Kharkiv (^a city in northeastern Ukraine; former capital of the Ukraine^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Chernobyl (^a city in north central Ukraine; site of a major disaster at a nuclear power plant (16 April 1986)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Donets_Basin__Donbass__Donbas (^an industrial region in the Ukraine^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Donetsk__Donetske__Stalino (^an industrial city in the Donets Basin^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Kiev__capital_of_the_Ukraine (^capital and largest city of the Ukraine; a major manufacturing and transportation center^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Crimea (^a Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Crimean_War  #Sebastopol  #Yalta,
   P  #Ukraine;


#Kishinev__Chisinau__capital_of_Moldova (^the capital of Moldova^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Moldova;


#Kaunas__Kovna__Kovno (^a city in central Lithuania^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Lithuania;


#Vilnius__Vilna__Vilno__Wilno__capital_of_Lithuania (^the capital and largest city of Lithuania; located in southeastern Lithuania^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Lithuania;


#Lithuania__Republic_of_Lithuania__Lietuva (^a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #Baltic_State,
   p  #Klaipeda  #Vilnius  #Kaunas;


#Riga__capital_of_Latvia (^port city that is the capital and largest city of Latvia^)
   ^  #capital_city  #port,
   P  #Latvia;


#Latvia__Republic_of_Latvia (^a republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #Baltic_State,
   p  #Livonia  #Riga,
   m  #Latvian,
   P  #Europe;


#Livonia (^a region on the Baltic that is divided between northern Estonia and southern Latvia^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Estonia  #Latvia;


#Tallinn__capital_of_Estonia (^port city that is the capital and largest city of Estonia^)
   ^  #capital_city  #port,
   P  #Estonia;


#Estonia__Republic_of_Estonia__Esthonia (^a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #Baltic_State,
   p  #Tallinn  #Livonia,
   P  #Europe;


#Gomel__Homel (^industrial city of Belarus southeast of Minsk^)
   ^  #city;


#Minsk__capital_of_Byelorussia (^the capital of Belarus and of the Commonwealth of Independent States^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Belarus;


#Rostov_na_Donu__Rostov__Rostov_on_Don (^a seaport on the Don River near the Sea of Azov in the European part of Russia^)
   ^  #city  #port;


#Volkhov_River__Volkhov (^a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally north into Lake Ladoga^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Russia;


#Volga_River__Volga (^a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Russia;


#Urals__Ural_Mountains (^a mountain range in western Russia extending from the arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Russia;


#Kola_Peninsula (^a peninsula in northwestern Russia projecting eastward between the Barents Sea and the White Sea^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Russia;


#Novaya_Zemlya__Nova_Zembla (^two islands in the Arctic Ocean belonging to Russia; site of a test center for nuclear warheads^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Russia;


#Vladivostok (^a seaport in the Asian part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Omsk (^a city in the Asian part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Chelyabinsk (^a city in the Asian part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Novosibirsk (^a city in the Asian part of Russia on the Ob river; largest city in Siberia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Volgograd__Stalingrad__Tsaritsyn (^a city in the European part of Russia on the Volga; site of German defeat in World War II in the winter of 1942-43^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Ufa (^a city in the European part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Smolensk (^a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Saratov (^an industrial city in the European part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Perm__Molotov (^a city in the European part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Novgorod (^a city in northwestern Russia on the Volkhov River; Russia's oldest city and an important trading center in the Middle Ages^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Nalchik (^a city in southwestern Russia in a valley of the Caucasus Mountains; an industrial center and health resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Murmansk (^a port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Russia;


#Leningrad__St._Petersburg__Peterburg__Petrograd__Saint_Petersburg (^a city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Kazan (^an industrial city in the European part of Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Nizhnyi_Novgorod__Nizhni_Novgorod__Gorki__Gorky__Gorkiy (^an industrial city in the European part of Russia; birthplace of Maksim Gorky^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Yenisei_River__Yenisei__Yenisey__Yenisey_River (^a Russian river; flows northward into the Arctic Ocean^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Siberia;


#Ob_River__Ob (^a Russian river; flows northward to the Arctic Ocean^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Siberia;


#Lena_River__Lena (^a Russian river; flows northward into the Arctic Ocean^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Siberia;


#Irtish_River__Irtish__Irtysh__Irtysh_River (^an Asian river; tributary of the Ob River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Siberia;


#Taimyr_Peninsula__Taymyr_Peninsula (^a peninsula in northern Siberia^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Siberia;


#Kamchatka_Peninsula (^a peninsula in eastern Siberia; between Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Klyuchevskaya,
   P  #Siberia;


#Siberia (^a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Kamchatka_Peninsula  #Taimyr_Peninsula  #Irtish_River  #Lena_River  #Ob_River  #Yenisei_River,
   m  #Nganasan.Russian  #Ostyak-Samoyed  #Yeniseian  #Siberian,
   P  #Russia;


#Kursk (^a city of southwestern Russia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Kaluga (^a city of central Russia south of Moscow^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Grozny__Groznyy (^a city in southwestern Russia; center of extensive oil fields^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Cherepovets (^a city of east central Russia north of Moscow^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Astrakhan (^a city in southwestern Russia on the delta of the Volga River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Russia;


#Moscow__capital_of_the_Russian_Federation__Russian_capital (^a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Russia;


#Soviet_Russia__Russia__Russian_Soviet_Federated_Socialist_Republic (^formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia^)
   ^  #Soviet_Socialist_Republic,
   p  #Borodino,
   m  #Komi  #Cheremiss  #Inger  #Mordvin  #Vepse  #Vogul  #Russian,
   P  #USSR;


#USSR__Soviet_Union__Russia__Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics  (^a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia an others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #February_Revolution  #Russian_Revolution  #Soviet_Socialist_Republic  #Soviet_Russia  #Caspian_Sea,
   P  #Eurasia;


#Muscovy (^a Russian principality in the 13th to 16th centuries; Moscow was the capital^)
   ^  #principality,
   P  #Russia.empire;


#Russia.empire (^a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia; powerful in 17-18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great; overthrown by revolution in 1917^)
   ^  #empire,
   p  #Muscovy,
   P  #Eurasia;


#Cape_of_Good_Hope (^a point of land in southwestern South Africa (south of Cape Town)^)
   ^  #ness;


#Witwatersrand__Rand__Reef (^a rocky region in the southern Transvaal in northeastern South Africa; contains rich gold deposits and coal and manganese^)
   ^  #region.location,
   P  #Transvaal;


#Soweto (^a large collection of African townships southwest of Johannesburg in South Africa; inhabited solely by Black Africans^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Bloemfontein (^the seat of the supreme court^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Transvaal (^a province of northeast South Africa originally inhabited by Bantu-speaking Africans; colonized by the Boers^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   p  #Witwatersrand,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Durban (^a port city in eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean; resort and industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Kimberley (^city in central South Africa; center for diamond mining and diamond marketing^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Johannesburg (^city in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Cape_Town (^port city in southwestern South Africa; the seat of the legislative branch of the government of South Africa^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Pretoria__capital_of_South_Africa (^city in the Transvaal; the seat of the executive branch of the government of South Africa^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #South_Africa;


#South_Africa__Republic_of_South_Africa (^a republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Natal.district  #Pretoria  #Cape_Town  #Johannesburg  #Kimberley  #Durban  #Transvaal  #Bloemfontein  #Soweto  #Kalahari_Desert  #Limpopo  #Orange_River,
   m  #South_African,
   P  #Africa;


#Somali_peninsula__Horn_of_Africa (^a peninsula of northeastern Africa (the easternmost part of Africa) comprising Somalia and Djibouti and Eritrea and parts of Ethiopia^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Djibouti  #Eritrea  #Ethiopia  #Somalia,
   P  #Africa;


#Hargeisa (^a city in northwestern Somalia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Somalia;


#Mogadishu__Mogadiscio__capital_of_Somalia (^the capital and largest city of Somalia; a port on the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Somalia;


#Honiara (^national capital of Solomon Islands^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Solomon_Islands;


#Solomon_Islands (^the southern Solomon Islands that since 1978 form an independent state in the British Commonwealth^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Bougainville  #Honiara,
   P  #Solomons;


#Singapore.capital__capital_of_Singapore (^the capital of Singapore; one of the world's biggest ports^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Singapore;


#Singapore__Republic_of_Singapore  (^a country in southeastern Asia on the island of Singapore; achieved independence from Malaysia in 1965^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Singapore.capital,
   l  #Singapore.island,
   m  #Singaporean;


#Freetown__capital_of_Sierra_Leone (^port city and the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Sierra_Leone;


#Sierra_Leone__Republic_of_Sierra_Leone (^a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Freetown,
   m  #Sierra_Leonean  #Sierra_Leonian,
   P  #Africa;


#Victoria.Seychelles__capital_of_Seychelles (^port city and the capital of Seychelles^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Seychelles;


#Seychelles__Republic_of_Seychelles  (^a republic on the Seychelles islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1976^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Victoria.Seychelles,
   l  #Seychelles.island,
   m  #Seychellois;


#Seychelles.island  (^a group of about 90 islands in the western Indian Ocean north of Madagascar^)
   ^  #island,
   L  #Seychelles,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Dakar__capital_of_Senegal (^the capital and chief port and largest city of Senegal^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Senegal;


#Senegal__Republic_of_Senegal (^a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Dakar,
   m  #Senegalese,
   P  #Africa;


#Jiddah__Jidda (^port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Saudi_Arabia;


#Medina__Al_Madinah (^a city in western Saudi Arabia; site of the tomb of Mohammed; the second most holy city of Islam^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Saudi_Arabia;


#Mecca  (^joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Mohammed it is the holiest city of Islam^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Saudi_Arabia;


#Riyadh__capital_of_Saudi_Arabia (^joint capital (with Mecca) of Saudi Arabia located in the central oasis; largest city in Saudi Arabia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Saudi_Arabia;


#Principe (^an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Sao Tome and Principe^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Sao_Tome_and_Principe;


#Sao_Tome (^capital of Sao Tome and Principe^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Sao_Tome_and_Principe;


#Sao_Tome_and_Principe__Democratic_Republic_of_Sao_Tome_and_Principe__Sao_Tome_e_Principe__Sao_Thome_e_Principe__St._Thomas_and_Principe (^island nation in the South Atlantic off the West coast of Africa; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Sao_Tome  #Principe,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#San_Marino.capital__capital_of_San_Marino (^the capital and only city of San Marino^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #San_Marino;


#Pago_Pago__Pango_Pango (^a port in American Samoa^)
   ^  #port,
   P  #American_Samoa;


#Apia__capital_of_Western_Samoa (^the capital of Western Samoa^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Independent_State_of_Samoa;


#American_Samoa__Eastern_Samoa__AS (^a United States territory on the eastern part of the island of Samoa^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Pago_Pago,
   P  #Samoa;


#Independent_State_of_Samoa__Samoa__Western_Samoa__Samoa_i_Sisifo (^a constitutional monarchy on the western part of the islands of Samoa in the South Pacific^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Apia,
   P  #Samoa;


#Papeete (^the capital of French Polynesia on the northwestern coast of Tahiti^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tahiti;


#Tahiti (^an island in the south Pacific; the most important island in French Polynesia; made famous by Robert Louis Stevenson and Paul Gauguin^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Papeete,
   m  #Tahitian.Polynesian,
   P  #Society_Islands;


#Marquesas_Islands__Iles_Marquises (^a group of volcanic islands in the south central Pacific; part of French Polynesia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #French_Polynesia;


#Gambier_Islands (^a group of islands in the south central Pacific; part of French Polynesia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #French_Polynesia;


#Tubuai_Islands__Austral_Islands (^a chain of small islands in French Polynesia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #French_Polynesia;


#Tuamotu_Archipelago__Paumotu_Archipelago__Low_Archipelago (^a group of about 80 coral islands in French Polynesia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #French_Polynesia;


#Society_Islands (^an island group of French Polynesia in the South Pacific east of Samoa^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Tahiti,
   P  #French_Polynesia;


#Kingstown.Saint_Vincent (^the capital of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; on Saint Vincent^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Saint_Vincent;


#Saint_Vincent__St._Vincent (^an island in the center of the Windward Islands; the largest of the islands comprising Saint Vincent and the Grenadines^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Kingstown.Saint_Vincent,
   P  #Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines;


#Castries (^a port on the island of Saint Lucia; capital and largest city of Saint Lucia^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #St._Lucia;


#Saint_Lucia__St._Lucia (^a volcanic island in the Windward Isles south of Martinique^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #St._Lucia;


#Sombrero (^one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis;


#Nevis (^one of the islands of Saint Christopher-Nevis^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis;


#Basseterre (^the capital of Saint Kitts and Nevis on the island of Saint Christopher^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis;


#Saint_Christopher__St._Christopher__Saint_Kitts__St._Kitts (^the largest of the islands comprising Saint Christopher-Nevis^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis;


#Doha__Bida__El_Beda__capital_of_Qatar (^the capital and chief port of Qatar^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Qatar;


#Tagus_River__Tagus (^a European river; flows into the North Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Portugal  #Spain;


#Lusitania (^ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian peninsula; corresponds roughly to modern Portugal and parts of Spain^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Portugal  #Spain;


#Setubal (^a port town on the Atlantic coast of Portugal southeast of Lisbon^)
   ^  #town  #port,
   P  #Portugal;


#Porto__Oporto (^port city in northwest Portugal; noted for port wine^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Portugal;


#Lisbon__Lisboa__capital_of_Portugal (^capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   p  #Ponte_25'_de_Abril,
   P  #Portugal;


#Braga (^an ancient city in northern Portugal^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Portugal;


#Madeira_Islands (^a group of volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean west of Morocco^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Portugal;


#Azores__Acores (^islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal; "the Azores are strategically located on transatlantic air and shipping routes"^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Portugal;


#Andorra__Principality_of_Andorra (^a small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Spain and France^)
   ^  #European_country,
   m  #Andorran,
   P  #Iberian_Peninsula;


#Iberian_Peninsula__Iberia (^a peninsula in southwestern Europe^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Portugal  #Andorra  #Spain,
   P  #Europe;


#Vistula_River__Vistula (^a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Poland;


#Wroclaw__Breslau (^a city in southwestern Poland on the Oder^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Poland;


#Lublin (^an industrial city of eastern Poland^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Poland;


#Lodz (^a large city of central Poland^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Poland;


#Cracow__Krakow__Krakau (^an industrial city in southern Poland on the Vistula^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Poland;


#Warsaw__capital_of_Poland (^the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Poland;


#Poland__Republic_of_Poland__Polska (^a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #battle_of_Tannenberg  #Prussia  #Warsaw  #Cracow  #Gdansk  #Lodz  #Lublin  #Wroclaw  #Oder_River  #Vistula_River,
   m  #Pole,
   P  #Europe;


#Quezon_City (^city on Luzon adjoining Manila^)
   ^  #city;


#Cebu_City__Cebu (^an important seaport on the Island of Cebu in the Philippines^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Philippines;


#Manila__capital_of_the_Philippines (^the capital and largest city of the Philippines; located on southern Luzon^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Philippines;


#Visayan_Islands__Bisayas (^group of islands in the central Philippines^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Philippines;


#Mindoro (^a mountainous island in the central Philippines^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Philippines;


#Luzon (^the main island of the Philippines^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Philippines;


#Cebu (^one of the Visayan islands of the central Philippines; important for its fine harbor^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Philippines,
   L  #Cebuan;


#Philippines__Philippine_Islands (^an archipelago in the southwestern Pacific including some 7000 islands^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Bataan  #Leyte_invasion  #Cebu  #Luzon  #Mindoro  #Republic_of_the_Philippines  #Visayan_Islands,
   m  #Tagalog.Filipino,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Cuzco__Cusco (^a town in the Andes in southern Peru; formerly the capital of the Inca empire^)
   ^  #town;


#Yerupaja (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Peru (21,709 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Peru  #Andes;


#Huascaran (^a mountain in the Andes in Peru (22,205 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Peru  #Andes;


#Coropuna (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Peru (21,083 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Peru  #Andes;


#Huainaputina (^an inactive volcano in the Andes in southern Peru; last erupted in 1783^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Peru;


#El_Misti (^the world's 2nd largest active volcano; located in the Andes in southern Peru^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Peru;


#Lima__capital_of_Peru (^capital and largest city and economic center of Peru; located in western Peru; was capital of the Spanish empire in the New World until the 19th century^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Peru;


#Arequipa (^a city in southern Peru founded in 1540 on the site of an ancient Inca city^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Peru;


#Parthia (^an ancient country in Asia on the Caspian Sea; dominated southwestern Asia from about 100 BC to 200 AD^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Parthian,
   P  #Asia;


#Asuncion__capital_of_Paraguay (^the capital and chief port of Paraguay^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Paraguay;


#Palau__Republic_of_Palau__TT (^a republic in the western central Pacific Ocean in association with the United States^)
   ^  #country,
   P  #Palau_Islands;


#Palau_Islands__Palau__Belau__Pelew (^a chain of more than 200 islands about 400 miles long in the western central Pacific Ocean^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Palau,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Tirich_Mir (^a mountain in the Hindu Kush in Pakistan (25,230 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Pakistan  #Hindu_Kush_Mountains;


#Indus_River__Indus (^an Asian river; flows into the Arabian Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Pakistan;


#Faisalabad__Lyallpur (^city in northeast Pakistan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Pakistan;


#Lahore (^city in northeast Pakistan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Pakistan;


#Karachi (^the largest city in Pakistan; located in southeastern Pakistan; an industrial center and seaport on the Arabian Sea; former capital of Pakistan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Pakistan;


#Islamabad__capital_of_Pakistan (^the capital of Pakistan in the north on a plateau; the site was chosen in 1959^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Pakistan;


#Pakistan__Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan__West_Pakistan (^a Moslem republic in southern Asia; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Punjab  #Kashmir  #Islamabad  #Karachi  #Lahore  #Faisalabad  #Hindu_Kush_Mountains  #Indus_River  #Tirich_Mir,
   m  #Pakistani,
   P  #Asia;


#Nanga_Parbat (^a mountain in the Himalayas in Kashmir (26,660 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Kashmir  #Himalayas;


#Karakoram_Range__Karakoram__Karakorum_Range__Mustagh__Mustagh_Range (^a mountain range in northern Kashmir; an extension of the Hindu Kush; contains the 2nd highest peak^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Gasherbrum  #K2'  #Rakaposhi,
   P  #Kashmir;


#Muscat__Masqat__capital_of_Oman (^a port on the Gulf of Oman and capital of the sultanate of Oman^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Oman;


#Zaria (^a city in north central Nigeria; agricultural trading center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Yerwa-Maiduguri__Maiduguri (^a city in northeastern Nigeria; an agricultural trading center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Lagos (^chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Katsina (^a city in northern Nigeria; a major center of the Hausa people^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Ibadan (^a large Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria; site of a university^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Abuja__capital_of_Nigeria__Nigerian_capital (^capital of Nigeria in the center of the country^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Nigeria;


#Nigeria__Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria (^a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Abuja  #Ibadan  #Katsina  #Lagos  #Yerwa-Maiduguri  #Zaria  #Niger_River,
   m  #Nigerian,
   P  #Africa;


#Niamey__capital_of_Niger (^the capital and largest city of Niger^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Niger;


#Niger__Republic_of_Niger (^a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Niamey  #Niger_River,
   m  #Nigerien,
   P  #Africa;


#Auckland__Aukland  (^the largest city and principal port of New Zealand^)
   ^  #city  #port  pm#australian_district (pm);


#Wellington__capital_of_New_Zealand (^the capital of New Zealand^)
   ^  #national_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #New_Zealand;


#Christchurch (^industrial city at the center of a rich agricultural region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #New_Zealand;


#New_Zealand  (^an independent country within the British Commonwealth; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1907; known for sheep and spectacular scenery^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Christchurch  #Wellington,
   m  #New_Zealander,
   l  #New_Zealand_Islands;


#New_Zealand_Islands__New_Zealand  (^North Island and South Island and adjacent small islands in the South Pacific Ocean^)
   ^  #island,
   L  #New_Zealand,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Tugela_Falls__Tugela (^a major waterfall in southern Africa; has more than one leap^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Natal.district;


#Natal.district (^a region of eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Tugela_Falls,
   m  #Zulu.African,
   P  #South_Africa;


#Limpopo__Crocodile_River (^an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Mozambique  #South_Africa;


#Maputo__capital_of_Mozambique (^the capital and largest city of Mozambique^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Mozambique;


#Mozambique__Republic_of_Mozambique__Mocambique (^a republic on the eastern coast of Africa on the Indian Ocean; became independent from Portugal in 1975^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Maputo  #Limpopo  #Zambezi_River,
   m  #Mozambican,
   P  #Africa;


#Western_Sahara__Spanish_Sahara (^an area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Morocco;


#Tangier__Tangiers (^a city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar; "the first tangerines were shipped from Tangier to Europe in 1841"^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Morocco;


#Rabat__capital_of_Morocco (^the capital of Morocco; located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Morocco;


#Marrakesh__Marrakech (^a city in western Morocco; tourist center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Morocco;


#Fez__Fes (^a city in north central Morocco; religious center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Morocco;


#El_Aaium (^a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Morocco;


#Casablanca (^a port on the Atlantic and the largest city of Morocco^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Morocco;


#Gobi_Desert__Gobi (^a desert in central Asia^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Outer_Mongolia;


#Ulan_Bator__Ulaanbaatar__Urga__Kulun__capital_of_Mongolia (^the capital and largest city of Mongolia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Outer_Mongolia;


#Outer_Mongolia__Mongolia__Mongolian_People's_Republic (^a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Ulan_Bator  #Gobi_Desert,
   P  #Mongolia;


#Mongolia (^a vast region in Asia including the Mongolian People's Republic and China's Inner Mongolia^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Outer_Mongolia,
   P  #Asia;


#Monte_Carlo (^a town and popular resort in the principality of Monaco; world-famous for its gambling casino^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Monaco;


#Monaco-Ville (^the capital of Monaco^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Monaco;


#Monaco__Principality_of_Monaco (^a constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera^)
   ^  #principality  #European_country,
   p  #Monaco-Ville  #Monte_Carlo,
   m  #Monegasque,
   P  #Europe;


#Port_Louis (^capital and chief port of Mauritius; located on the northwestern coast of the island^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Republic_of_Mauritius;


#Republic_of_Mauritius__Mauritius (^a parliamentary state on the island of Mauritius^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Port_Louis,
   m  #Mauritian,
   P  #Mauritius;


#Mauritius (^an island in the southwestern Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Mauritius,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Nouakchott (^capital of Mauritania; located in western Mauritania near the Atlantic coast^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Mauritania;


#Valletta__Valetta__capital_of_Malta (^the capital of Malta; located on the northeastern coast of the island^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Malta;


#Republic_of_Malta__Malta (^a republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Valletta,
   P  #Malta;


#Malta (^a strategically located island south of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Malta,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Timbuktu (^a city in central Mali near the Niger river; formerly famous for its gold trade^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mali;


#Bamako (^the capital of Mali; located in the south on the Niger^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Mali;


#Mali__Republic_of_Mali__French_Sudan (^a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Bamako  #Timbuktu  #Niger_River,
   m  #Malian,
   P  #Africa;


#Male (^the capital of Maldives in the center of the islands^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Maldives;


#Republic_of_Maldives__Maldives (^a republic on the Maldive Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1965^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Male,
   m  #Maldivian,
   P  #Maldives;


#Maldives__Maldive_Islands (^a group of about 1,200 small coral islands (about 220 inhabited) in the Indian ocean^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Maldives,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Malay_Peninsula (^a peninsula in southeastern Asia occupied by parts of Malaysia and Thailand and Myanmar^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Myanmar  #West_Malaysia  #Thailand,
   m  #Malayan,
   P  #Asia;


#Kuala_Lumpur__Malaysian_capital__capital_of_Malaysia (^the capital and largest city of Malaysia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #West_Malaysia;


#West_Malaysia (^the region of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Kuala_Lumpur,
   P  #Malaysia  #Malay_Peninsula;


#Zomba (^a city in southern Malawi; was the capital until 1971^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Malawi;


#Lilongwe__capital_of_Malawi (^the capital of Malawi; located in south central Malawi^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Malawi;


#Blantyre (^city in southern Malawi; largest city and commercial center of Malawi^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Malawi;


#Malawi__Republic_of_Malawi__Nyasaland (^a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Blantyre  #Lilongwe  #Zomba,
   m  #Chewa  #Malawian,
   P  #Africa;


#Antananarivo__capital_of_Madagascar (^the capital and largest city of Madagascar^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Madagascar;


#Republic_of_Madagascar__Madagascar__Malagasy_Republic (^a republic on the Island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Antananarivo,
   m  #Madagascan,
   P  #Madagascar  #Africa;


#Madagascar (^an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa; the 4th largest island in the world^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Madagascar,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Skopje__Skoplje__Uskub (^capital of modern Macedonia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Macedonia;


#Luxembourg-Ville__Luxembourg__Luxemburg__Luxembourg_City__capital_of_Luxembourg (^the capital and largest city of Luxembourg^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Luxembourg;


#Vaduz__capital_of_Liechtenstein (^the capital and largest city of Liechtenstein^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Liechtenstein;


#Liechtenstein__Principality_of_Liechtenstein (^a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Vaduz,
   m  #Liechtensteiner,
   P  #Europe;


#Benghazi (^port in northern Libya on the Gulf of Sidra; formerly a joint capital of Libya with Tripoli^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Libya;


#Tripoli__capital_of_Libya (^the capital and largest city of Libya; in northwest Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Libya;


#Monrovia__Liberian_capital__capital_of_Liberia (^the capital and chief port and largest city of Liberia^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Liberia;


#Liberia__Republic_of_Liberia (^a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Monrovia,
   m  #Liberian,
   P  #Africa;


#Maseru__capital_of_Lesotho (^the capital of Lesotho; located in northwestern Lesotho^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Lesotho;


#Lesotho__Kingdom_of_Lesotho__Basutoland (^a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Maseru,
   m  #Basotho,
   P  #Africa;


#Sur__Tyre (^a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Lebanon;


#Saida__Sidon (^the main city of ancient Phoenicia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Lebanon;


#Tarabulus__Tripoli (^a port in northern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Lebanon;


#Beirut__capital_of_Lebanon (^capital and largest city of Lebanon; located in western Lebanon on the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Lebanon;


#Lappland__Lapland (^a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Lapp,
   P  #Europe;


#Vientiane__Laotian_capital__capital_of_Laos (^the capital and largest city of Laos^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Laos;


#Pusan (^a city in southeastern South Korea on the Korean Strait; the chief port and second largest city^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #South_Korea;


#Taegu__Tegu (^a city in southeastern South Korea^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Korea;


#Kwangju (^city in southwestern South Korea; an important military base during the Korean War^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Korea;


#Incheon__Inchon__Chemulpo (^a port city in western South Korea on the Yellow Sea^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #South_Korea;


#Seoul__capital_of_South_Korea (^the capital and largest city of South Korea; located in northwestern South Korea^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #South_Korea;


#Yalu__Yalu_River (^river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #North_Korea;


#Pyongyang__capital_of_North_Korea (^capital of North Korea and an industrial center; "Pyongyang is Korea's oldest city but little of its history has been preserved"^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #North_Korea;


#South_Korea__Republic_of_Korea (^a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Inchon  #Seoul  #Incheon  #Kwangju  #Taegu  #Pusan,
   P  #Korea;


#North_Korea__Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea (^a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Yalu_River  #Pyongyang  #Yalu,
   P  #Korea;


#Korea__Korean_Peninsula__Choson (^an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Choson^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Chino-Japanese_War  #Korean_War  #North_Korea  #South_Korea,
   =  #Chosen,
   P  #Asia;


#ultima_Thule__Thule (^the geographical region believed by ancient geographers to be the northernmost land in the inhabited world^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Reykjavik__capital_of_Iceland (^the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Republic_of_Iceland;


#Iceland (^a volcanic island in the North Atlantic near the Arctic Circle^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Iceland,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Faeroe_Islands__Faroe_Islands__Faroes__Faeroes (^a self-governing colony of Denmark on the Faroe Islands^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion;


#Thorshavn (^the administrative center of the Faroe Islands^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Faroe_Islands;


#Faroe_Islands__Faeroe_Islands__Faroes__Faeroes (^a group of 21 volcanic islands in the North Atlantic between Iceland and the Shetland Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Thorshavn,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Budapest__Hungarian_capital__capital_of_Hungary (^capital and largest city of Hungary; located on the Danube River in north-central Hungary^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Hungary;


#Hungary__Republic_of_Hungary__Magyarorszag (^a republic in central Europe^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Budapest  #Lake_Balaton  #Danube_River,
   m  #Magyar,
   P  #Europe;


#Utrecht (^a city in the central Netherlands^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Leiden__Leyden (^a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Rotterdam (^the 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Nijmegen (^an industrial city in the eastern Netherlands^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Eindhoven (^city in southeastern Netherlands noted for electrical industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#The_Hague__'s_Gravenhage__Den_Haag (^the site of the royal residence and the de facto capital in the western part of the Netherlands; seat of the International Court of Justice^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Amsterdam__Dutch_capital__capital_of_The_Netherlands (^an industrial center and the nominal capital of the Netherlands; center of the diamond-cutting industry; seat of an important stock exchange; known for its canals and art museum^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Netherlands;


#Stabroek__Georgetown (^port city and the capital and largest city of Guyana; "the city was called Stabroek by the Dutch but was renamed Georgetown by the British in 1812"^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Guyana;


#Guyana__Co-operative_Republic_of_Guyana__British_Guiana (^a republic in northeastern South America; achieved independence from England in 1966^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Stabroek,
   m  #Guyanese,
   P  #Guiana;


#Guiana (^a geographical region of northeastern South America including Guyana and Surinam^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Guyana  #Suriname,
   P  #South_America;


#Bissau__capital_of_Guinea-Bissau (^the capital of Guinea-Bissau^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Guinea-Bissau;


#Guinea-Bissau__Republic_of_Guinea-Bissau__Guine-Bissau__Portuguese_Guinea (^a republic on the northwestern coast of Africa; recognized as independent by Portugal in 1974^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Bissau,
   P  #Africa;


#Conakry__Konakri__capital_of_Guinea (^a port and the capital of Guinea^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Guinea;


#Guinea__Republic_of_Guinea__French_Guinea (^a republic in eastern Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Conakry  #Niger_River,
   m  #Guinean,
   P  #Africa;


#St._George's__capital_of_Grenada (^the capital and largest city of Grenada^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Grenada;


#Accra__capital_of_Ghana (^the capital and largest city of Ghana with a deep-water port^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Ghana;


#Ghana__Republic_of_Ghana__Gold_Coast (^a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; "Ghana was colonized as the Gold Coast by the British"^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Accra,
   m  #Ewe.African  #Ghanian,
   P  #Africa;


#Banjul__capital_of_Gambia (^a port city and capital of Gambia^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Gambia;


#Gambia__The_Gambia__Republic_of_The_Gambia (^a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Banjul,
   m  #Gambian,
   P  #Africa;


#Libreville__capital_of_Gabon (^the capital of Gabon^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Gabon;


#Gabon__Gabonese_Republic__Gabun (^a republic on the west coast of Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Libreville,
   m  #Gabonese,
   P  #Africa;


#Lyonnais (^a former province of east central France; now administered by Rhone-Alpes^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Lyon,
   P  #Rhone-Alpes;


#Mayenne (^a department of northwestern France in the Pays de la Loire region^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #Pays_de_la_Loire;


#Haute-Normandie__Upper-Normandy (^a division of Normandy^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #Normandie;


#Corsica__Corse (^an island in the Mediterranean; with adjacent islets it constitutes a region of France^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Ardennes (^a wooded plateau in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France; the site of intense fighting in World Wars I and II^)
   ^  #tableland,
   p  #battle_of_the_Ardennes_Bulge,
   P  #Champagne-Ardenne;


#Basse-Normandie__Lower-Normandy (^a division of Normandy^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #Normandie;


#French_Riviera__Cote_d'Azur (^the French part of the Riviera^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #Riviera,
   L  pm#INRIA.Sophia_Antipolis (pm);


#Strasbourg__Strassburg (^city on the Rhine in eastern France near the German border; an inland port^)
   ^  #city;


#Calais (^a town in northern France on the Strait of Dover that serves as a ferry port to England; in 1347 it was captured by the English king Edward III after a long siege and remained in English hands until it was recaptured by the French king Henry II in 1558^)
   ^  #town  #port;


#Quai_d'Orsay (^the street in Paris along the south bank of the Seine known for its governmental ministries^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Left_Bank;


#Orly (^a suburb of Paris; site of the international airport serving Paris^)
   ^  #suburb,
   P  #Paris;


#Champs_Elysees (^a major avenue in Paris famous for elegant shops and cafes^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Paris;


#Ile-St-Louis (^island in Paris on the Seine^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Paris;


#Right_Bank (^the region of Paris on the north bank of the Seine^)
   ^  #vicinity,
   P  #Paris;


#Montmartre (^the highest point in Paris; famous for its associations with many artists^)
   ^  #vicinity,
   P  #Paris;


#Left_Bank__Latin_Quarter (^the region of Paris on the southern bank of the Seine; a center of artistic and student life^)
   ^  #vicinity,
   p  #Quai_d'Orsay,
   P  #Paris;


#Seine_River__Seine (^a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #France;


#Saone_River__Saone (^a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #France;


#Rhone_River__Rhone (^a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles; "the Rhone valley is famous for its vineyards"^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #France  #Switzerland;


#Pyrenees (^a chain of mountains between France and Spain^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #France  #Spain;


#Loire_River__Loire (^a French river; flows into the North Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #France;


#Isere_River__Isere (^a river in southeastern France; a tributary of the Rhone^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #France;


#Provence (^a former province of southeastern France; now administered with Cote d'Azur^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Orleanais (^a former province of north central France; centered around Orleans^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #France;


#Normandie__Normandy (^a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Basse-Normandie  #Haute-Normandie,
   m  #Norman,
   P  #France;


#Rhone-Alpes (^a mountainous region of eastern France drained by the Rhone and Saone and Isere rivers^)
   ^  #French_region,
   p  #Lyonnais,
   P  #France;


#Poitou-Charentes__Poitou (^a low-lying region of west central France on the Bay of Biscay^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Picardie__Picardy (^a region of northern France on the English Channel^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Pays_de_la_Loire (^an agricultural region of western France on the Bay of Biscay^)
   ^  #French_region,
   p  #Mayenne,
   P  #France;


#Nord-Pas-de-Calais (^a region in northeastern France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Midi-Pyrenees (^a region in southwestern FRance^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Midi (^the south of France^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #France;


#Lorraine__Lothringen (^an eastern French region rich in iron-ore deposits^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Limousin (^a region of central France west of the Auvergne mountains^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Languedoc-Roussillon (^a region in south central France; named after the medieval dialect of French that was spoken there^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Ile-de-France (^a region of north central France in the Paris Basin^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Gascogne__Gascony (^a region of southwestern France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Franche-Comte (^a former province of eastern France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Corse__Corsica (^a region of France on the island of Corsica; birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Champagne-Ardenne__Champagne (^a region of northeastern France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   p  #Ardennes,
   P  #France;


#Centre (^a low-lying region in central France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Bretagne__Brittany__Breiz (^a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay^)
   ^  #French_region,
   m  #Breton.French_person,
   P  #France;


#Bourgogne__Burgundy (^a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Auvergne (^a region in central France^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Artois (^a former province of northern France near the English Channel (between Picardy and Flanders)^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Aquitaine__Aquitania (^a region of southwestern France between Bordeaux and the Pyrenees^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Anjou (^a former province of western France in the Loire valley^)
   ^  #French_region,
   m  #Angevin,
   P  #France;


#Alsace__Alsatia__Elsass (^a region of northeastern France famous for its wines^)
   ^  #French_region,
   P  #France;


#Vichy (^a town in central France (south of Paris) noted for hot mineral springs; was capital of the unoccupied part of France during World War II^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #France;


#Versailles (^a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Toulouse (^a city on the Garonne River in southern France southeast of Bordeaux; a cultural center of medieval Europe^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Orleans (^a city on the Loire river in north central France; site of the siege of Orleans by the English (1428-1429)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Nice (^a city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean; the leading resort on the French Riviera^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Nantes (^a port city in western France on the Loire estuary^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Nancy (^a city in northeastern France in Lorraine^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Marseille__Marseilles (^a port city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Lyon__Lyons (^a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France  #Lyonnais;


#Lille (^an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Le_Havre (^a port city in northern France on the English Channel at the mouth of the Seine^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Grenoble (^a city in southeastern FRance on the Isere River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Dijon (^an industrial city in eastern France north of Lyons^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #France;


#Chablis (^a town in north central France noted for white Burgundy wines^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #France;


#Cannes (^a port and resort city on the French Riviera; site of an annual film festival^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Brest (^a port city in northwestern France (in Brittany); the chief naval station of France^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Bordeaux (^a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #France;


#Paris__City_of_Light__French_capital__capital_of_France (^the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Louvre_Museum  #Tuileries_Gardens  #Tuileries_Palace  #Left_Bank  #Montmartre  #Right_Bank  #Ile-St-Louis  #Champs_Elysees  #Orly,
   m  #Parisian,
   P  #France;


#Gallia__Gaul (^an ancient region of western Europe that included northern Italy and France and Belgium and part of Germany and the Netherlands^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Kuwait_City__capital_of_Kuwait__Kuwait__Koweit (^a seaport on the Persian Gulf and capital of Kuwait^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Kuwait;


#Nakuru (^a city in western Kenya; commercial center of an agricultural region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kenya;


#Mombasa (^a port city in southern Kenya on a coral island in a bay of the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Kenya;


#Kisumu (^a port city in western Kenya on the northeastern shore of Lake Victoria; fishing and trading center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Kenya;


#Nairobi__capital_of_Kenya (^the capital and largest city of Kenya; a center for tourist safaris^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Kenya;


#Kenya__Republic_of_Kenya (^a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Nairobi  #Kisumu  #Mombasa  #Nakuru,
   m  #Kenyan,
   P  #Africa;


#Zarqa__Az_Zarqa (^city in northwestern Jordan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Jordan;


#Jericho (^a village in Jordan near the north end of the Dead Sea; in the Old Testament it was the first place taken by the Israelites under Joshua as the entered the Promised Land^)
   ^  #village,
   P  #Jordan;


#Aqaba__Akaba (^Jordan's port; located in southwestern Jordan on the Gulf of Aqaba^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Jordan;


#Amman__capital_of_Jordan (^the capital and largest city of Jordan^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Jordan;


#Naha_City (^the chief city in the Ryukyu Islands^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Okinawa;


#Okinawa (^the largest island of the central Ryukyu Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Okinawa_campaign  #Naha_City,
   P  #Ryukyu_Islands;


#Fuji-san__Fuji__Fujiyama (^an extinct volcano in south central Honshu; last erupted in 1707; famous for its symmetrical snow-capped peak^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Japan;


#Ryukyu_Islands (^a chain of 55 islands in the western Pacific southwest of Japan (returned by United States to Japan in 1972)^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Okinawa,
   P  #Japan;


#Japan__Nippon__Nihon (^a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Kammon_Strait_Bridge  #Ryukyu_Islands  #Fuji-san,
   m  #Nipponese,
   P  #Asia;


#Nagasaki (^a city in southern Japan on Kyushu; a leading port and shipbuilding center; on August 9, 1945 Nagasaki became the second populated area to receive an atomic bomb^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Kyushu;


#Fukuoka (^a city in southern Japan on Kyushu^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kyushu;


#Kitakyushu (^a Japanese city on northern Kyushu^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Kyushu;


#Hiroshima (^a city on the southwestern coast of Honshu Island in Japan; on August 6, 1945 Hiroshima was almost completely destroyed by the first atomic bomb dropped on a populated area^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Honshu;


#Kyoto (^a city in central Japan on southern Honshu; a famous cultural center that was once the capital of Japan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Honshu;


#Yokohama (^port city on southeastern Honshu in central Japan^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Honshu;


#Osaka (^port city on southern Honshu on Osaka Bay; commercial and industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Minato_Ohashi_Bridge,
   P  #Honshu;


#Nagoya (^an industrial city in central Japan on southern Honshu^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Honshu;


#Tokyo__Tokio__Yeddo__Yedo__Edo__Japanese_capital__capital_of_Japan (^the capital and largest city of Japan; the economic and cultural center of Japan^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Honshu;


#Sapporo (^a commercial city in northern Japan on western Hokkaido^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Hokkaido;


#Shikoku (^the smallest of the four main islands of Japan; separated from Honshu by the Inland Sea; forested and mountainous^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Japanese_Islands;


#Kyushu (^the southernmost of the four main islands of Japan; contains coal fields^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Kitakyushu  #Fukuoka  #Nagasaki  #Minamata_Bay,
   P  #Japanese_Islands;


#Honshu__Hondo (^the largest of the four main islands of Japan; between the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean; regarded as the Japanese mainland^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Tokyo  #Nagoya  #Osaka  #Yokohama  #Kyoto  #Hiroshima,
   P  #Japanese_Islands;


#Hokkaido__Ezo__Yezo (^the second larges of the four main islands of Japan; north of Honshu^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Sapporo,
   P  #Japanese_Islands;


#Japanese_Islands__Japan__Japanese_Archipelago (^a string of more than 3,000 islands east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Hokkaido  #Honshu  #Kyushu  #Shikoku  #Osaka_Bay,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Utica.Phoenicia (^an ancient city on the north coast of Africa (northwest of Carthage); destroyed by Arabs around 700 AD^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Phoenicia;


#Carthage (^an ancient city state on the north African coast near modern Tunis; founded by Phoenicians; destroyed and rebuilt by Romans; razed by Arabs in 697^)
   ^  #city_state,
   m  #Carthaginian,
   P  #Phoenicia;


#Phoenicia__Phenicia (^an ancient maritime country (a collection of city states) at eastern end of the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Carthage  #Utica.Phoenicia;


#Ur (^an ancient city of Sumer located on a former channel of the Euphrates River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sumer;


#Babylon (^the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capitol of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon  #Tower_of_Babel,
   P  #Mesopotamia;


#Edirne__Adrianople__Adrianopolis (^a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman emperor Hadrian^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Turkey;


#Levant (^the former name for the geographical area of the eastern Mediterranean that is now occupied by Lebanon and Syria and Israel^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Levantine;


#Tigris_River__Tigris (^an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Iraq  #Syria  #Turkey;


#Euphrates_River__Euphrates (^a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Iraq  #Syria  #Turkey;


#Nineveh (^an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris across from the modern city of Mosul in the northern part of what is now known a Iraq^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iraq  #Assyria;


#Assur__Asur__Ashur (^an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria; just south of the modern city of Mosul in Iraq^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iraq  #Assyria;


#Assyria (^an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Assur  #Nineveh,
   P  #Iraq  #Mesopotamia;


#Sumer (^an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Ur,
   P  #Iraq  #Babylonia;


#Babylonia (^an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where the Prophet Daniel became a counselor to the king)^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #battle_of_Cunaxa  #Sumer,
   P  #Iraq  #Mesopotamia;


#Mesopotamia (^the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Babylon  #Babylonia  #Assyria,
   P  #Iraq;


#Mosul (^a city in northern Iraq on the River Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iraq;


#Basra__Basia (^an oil port in southern Iraq^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Iraq;


#Baghdad__Bagdad__capital_of_Iraq (^capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River; "Baghdad is one of the great cities of the Moslem world"^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Iraq;


#Persia__Persian_Empire (^an empire in South Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC^)
   ^  #empire,
   P  #Asia;


#Caspian_Sea__Caspian (^a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Iran  #USSR;


#Demavend (^an active volcano in northern Iran^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Iran;


#Persepolis (^an ancient city that was the capital of the ancient Persian Empire; now in ruins^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Qum (^a city in northwestern Iran; a place of pilgrimage for Shiite Muslims^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Tabriz (^an ancient city in northwestern Iran; known for hot springs^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Shiraz (^a city in central southwestern Iran; ruins of ancient Persepolis are nearby^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Isfahan__Esfahan__Aspadana (^city in central Iran; former capital of Persia^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Mashhad__Meshed (^the holy city of Shiite Muslims; located in northeastern Iran^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Iran;


#Abadan (^a port city in southwestern Iran^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Iran;


#Teheran__Tehran__capital_of_Iran__Iranian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Iran; located in northern Iran^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Iran;


#Medan (^a city in Indonesia; located in northeastern Sumatra^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sumatra;


#Semarang__Samarang (^a port city is southern Indonesia; located in northern Java^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Java;


#Bandung (^a city in Indonesia; located on western Java (southeast of Jakarta); a resort known for its climate^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Java;


#Jakarta__Djakarta__capital_of_Indonesia (^capital and largest city of Indonesia; located on the island of Java; founded by the Dutch in 17th century^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Java;


#Krakatau__Krakatao__Krakatoa (^a small volcanic island in Indonesia between Java and Sumatra; its violent eruption in 1883 was the greatest in recorded history^)
   ^  #volcano  #island,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Moluccas__Spice_Islands (^a group of island in eastern Indonesia between Celebes and New Guinea; settled by the Portuguese but taken by the Dutch who made them the center for a spice monopoly, at which time they were known as Spice Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Celebes__Sulawesi (^a mountainous island in eastern Indonesia^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Sumatra (^a mountainous island in western Indonesia^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Medan,
   m  #Sumatran,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Java (^an island in Indonesia south of Borneo; one of the world's most densely populated regions^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Jakarta  #Bandung  #Semarang,
   m  #Javan,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Gosainthan (^a mountain in the Himalayas in Tibet (26,290 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Lhasa__Lassa__capital_of_Tibet__Forbidden_City (^the sacred city of Lamaism; known as the Forbidden City for its former inaccessibility and hostility to strangers^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Tibet;


#Tibet__Thibet__Xizang__Sitsang (^an Asian country under the control of China; located in the Himalayas^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Lhasa  #Changtzu  #Mount_Everest  #Gosainthan  #Himalayas  #Kanchenjunga  #Lhotse  #Makalu  #Nuptse,
   m  #Sherpa,
   P  #Asia;


#Nuptse (^a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (25,726 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Makalu (^a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (27,790 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Lhotse (^a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (27,890 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Kanchenjunga__Kanchanjanga__Kinchinjunga (^a mountain the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and Tibet (28,146 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Mount_Everest__Everest__Mt._Everest (^a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Dhaulagiri (^a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,820 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Himalayas;


#Changtzu (^a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (24,780 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Himalayas;


#Annapurna__Anapurna (^a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,500 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Nepal  #Himalayas;


#Kathmandu__Katmandu__capital_of_Nepal (^the capital and largest city of Nepal^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Nepal;


#Nepal__Kingdom_of_Nepal (^a small Asian country high in the Himalayas between India and Tibet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Kathmandu  #Annapurna  #Changtzu  #Dhaulagiri  #Mount_Everest  #Himalayas  #Kanchenjunga  #Lhotse  #Makalu  #Nuptse,
   m  #Nepalese  #Sherpa,
   P  #Asia;


#New_Delhi__Indian_capital__capital_of_India (^the capital of India is a division of the old city of Delhi^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Delhi;


#Pobeda_Peak__Pobedy_Peak (^a mountain peak in the Tien Shan mountains in northern India (24,406 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #India  #Tien_Shan;


#Nanda_Devi (^a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,660 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #India  #Himalayas;


#Kamet (^a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,450 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #India  #Himalayas;


#Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya (^a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Annapurna  #Changtzu  #Dhaulagiri  #Mount_Everest  #Gosainthan  #Kamet  #Kanchenjunga  #Lhotse  #Makalu  #Nanda_Devi  #Nanga_Parbat  #Nuptse,
   P  #India  #Nepal  #Tibet;


#Kashmir__Cashmere (^an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Karakoram_Range  #Nanga_Parbat,
   P  #India  #Pakistan;


#Nilgiri_Hills (^hills in southern India^)
   ^  #hills,
   P  #India;


#Orissa (^state in eastern India on the Bay of Bengal^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Maharashtra (^a historical area in west-central India^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #India;


#Gujerat__Gujarat (^a region of western India north of Bombay (bordering the Arabian Sea) where Gujarati is spoken^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #India;


#Tamil_Nadu__Madras (^a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Gujarat__Gujerat (^an industrialized state in western India that includes parts of Bombay^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Goa (^a state of southwestern India; a former Portuguese colony^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Bihar (^a state of northeastern India^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Andhra_Pradesh (^a state of southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Salem.India (^a city in southern India^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Chennai__Madras (^a city in Tamil Nadu on the Bay of Bengal; formerly Madras^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Hyderabad (^a city in south central India in Andhra Pradesh^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Agra (^a city in northern India; former capital of the Mogul empire; site of the Taj Mahal^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Bombay__Greater_Bombay (^a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Calcutta (^the largest city in India and one of the largest cities in the world; located in eastern India; suffers from poverty and overcrowding^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #India;


#Delhi__Old_Delhi (^a city in north-central India^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #New_Delhi,
   P  #India;


#Punjab (^a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #India  #Pakistan;


#Kanara__Canara (^a historical region of southwestern India on the west coast^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #India;


#Sikkim (^a geographical area and former kingdom in northeastern India in the Himalaya Mountains between Nepal and Bhutan^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #India;


#Hindustan (^northern region of India where Hinduism predominates^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Hindustani,
   P  #India;


#Manipur (^state in northeastern India^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Assam (^state in northeastern India^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #India;


#Nile_River__Nile (^world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Egypt  #Republic_of_the_Sudan  #Uganda;


#Suez_Canal (^a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea^)
   ^  #ship_canal,
   P  #Egypt;


#Suez (^a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Egypt;


#Saqqara__Saqqarah__Sakkara (^a town in northern Egypt; site of the oldest Egyptian pyramids (the Step Pyramid)^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Egypt;


#Luxor (^a city in central Egypt on the east bank of the Nile; site of the Temple of Luxor^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Egypt;


#Memphis.Egypt (^an ancient city of Egypt (S of Cairo)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Egypt;


#Giza__El_Giza (^an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids and the Sphinx^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Egypt;


#El_Alamein (^a village west of Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt; the scene of a decisive Allied victory over the Germans in 1942^)
   ^  #village,
   P  #Egypt;


#Cairo__El_Qahira__Egyptian_capital__capital_of_Egypt (^the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just south of the Nile Delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Egypt;


#Aswan__Assuan__Assouan (^an ancient city on the Nile in Egypt; site of the Aswan High Dam^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Egypt;


#El_Iskandriyah__Alexandria (^the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Egypt;


#Egyptian_Empire__Egypt (^an ancient empire west of Israel; centered on the Nile River and ruled by a Pharaoh; figured in many events described in the Old Testament^)
   ^  #empire;


#Mount_Sinai__Sinai (^a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Sinai_Peninsula;


#Sinai_Desert__Sinai (^a desert on the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Sinai_Peninsula;


#Sinai_Peninsula__Sinai (^a peninsula in northeastern Egypt; at north end of Red Sea^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Sinai_Desert  #Mount_Sinai,
   P  #Egypt;


#Burkina_Faso (^desperately poor landlocked country in western Africa; formerly (as Upper Volta) was under French rule but gained independence in 1960^)
   ^  #country;


#sultanate (^country or territory ruled by a sultan^)
   ^  #country,
   :  #Negara_Brunei_Darussalam;


#Anglesey_Island__Anglesey__Anglesea__Anglesea_Island__Mona (^an island northwest of Wales^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Wales;


#Swansea (^a port city in southern Wales on an inlet of the Bristol Channel^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Wales;


#Newport.Wales (^a port city in southeastern Wales^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Wales;


#Cardiff (^the capital and largest city of Wales^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Wales;


#Bangor.Wales (^a university town in northwestern Wales on the Menai Strait^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wales;


#Aberdare (^a mining town in southern Wales^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Wales;


#Outer_Hebrides (^a 130-mile long archipelago northwest of Scotland^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Hebrides;


#Inner_Hebrides (^islands between the Outer Hebrides and the western coast of Scotland^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Hebrides;


#Edinburgh (^the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Lothian_Region;


#Ayr (^a port in southwestern Scotland^)
   ^  #town  #port;


#Shetland_Islands__Shetland__Zetland (^an archipelago of about 100 islands in the North Atlantic off the north coast of Scotland^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Scotland;


#Orkney_Islands (^an archipelago of about 70 islands in the North Atlantic and North Sea off the northeastern coast of Scotland^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Scotland  #North_Sea;


#Hebrides__Hebridean_Islands__Hebridean_Isles__Western_Islands__Western_Isles (^a group of more than 500 islands off the western coast of Scotland^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Inner_Hebrides  #Outer_Hebrides,
   P  #Scotland;


#Glasgow (^largest city in Scotland; a port in west central Scotland; one of the great shipbuilding centers of the world^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   m  #Glaswegian,
   P  #Scotland;


#Lothian_Region (^a district in southeast central Scotland (south side of the Firth of Forth) and the location of Edinburgh^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Edinburgh,
   P  #Scotland;


#Aberdeen.Scotland (^a city in northeastern Scotland on the North Sea^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Scotland;


#Galloway.district (^a district in southwestern Scotland^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Scotland;


#Highlands (^the Highlands are a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)^)
   ^  #highland,
   P  #Scotland;


#Waterford (^a port city in southern Ireland; famous for glass industry^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Eire;


#Tara (^a village in eastern Ireland (northwest of Dublin); seat of Irish kings until 6th century^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Eire;


#Limerick (^port city in southwestern Ireland^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Eire;


#Dublin__Irish_capital__capital_of_Ireland (^capital and largest city and major port of the Republic of Ireland^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   m  #Dubliner,
   P  #Eire;


#Galway  (^a port city in western Ireland on Galway Bay^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Eire;


#Cork  (^a port city in southern Ireland^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Eire;


#Ulster (^a historic division of Ireland located in the northeastern part of the island; six of Ulster's nine counties are in Northern Ireland^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Belfast__capital_of_Northern_Ireland (^capital and largest city of Northern Ireland; the center of Irish Protestantism^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Northern_Ireland;


#Bangor.Northern_Ireland (^a town in southeastern Northern Ireland^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Northern_Ireland;


#Isle_of_Man__Man (^one of the British Isles in the Irish Sea^)
   ^  #island;


#Hastings (^a town in East Sussex just south of the place where the Battle of Hastings took place^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #East_Sussex;


#Canterbury (^a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Kent;


#Winchester.England (^a city in southern England; administrative center of Hampshire^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Winchester_College,
   P  #Hampshire;


#Stratford-on-Avon__Stratford-upon-Avon (^a town in central England on the River Avon; birthplace (and burial place) of William Shakespeare^)
   ^  #town;


#Sheffield (^a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #South_Yorkshire;


#Leeds (^a city on the River Aire in West Yorkshire in northern England; a center of the clothing industry^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #West_Yorkshire;


#Westminster_Abbey (^a famous Gothic church in London on the site of a former Benedictine monastery; "Westminster Abbey is the scene of the coronations of almost all English monarchs"; "Distinguished English subjects are buried in Westminster Abbey"^)
   ^  #minster,
   P  #Westminster;


#Houses_of_Parliament (^the building in which the House of Commons and the House of Lords meet^)
   ^  #edifice,
   P  #Westminster;


#Downing_Street.street (^a street of Westminster in London; "the Prime Minister lives at No. 10 Downing Street"^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #Westminster;


#Buckingham_Palace (^the London residence of the British sovereign^)
   ^  #palace.mansion_house,
   P  #Westminster;


#Wimbledon (^a suburb of London and the headquarters of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts^)
   ^  #suburb,
   P  #London;


#Pall_Mall (^a fashionable street in London noted for its many private clubs^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #London;


#Westminster__City_of_Westminster (^a borough of Greater London on the Thames; contains Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey^)
   ^  #borough,
   p  #Buckingham_Palace  #Downing_Street.street  #Houses_of_Parliament  #Westminster_Abbey,
   P  #London;


#West_End (^the part of west central London containing the main entertainment and shopping areas^)
   ^  #city_district,
   p  #Strand,
   P  #London;


#Wembley (^a southeastern part of Greater London that is the site of the English national soccer stadium^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #London;


#Soho (^a city district of central London now noted for restaurants and nightclubs^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #London;


#Bloomsbury (^a city district of central London laid out in garden squares^)
   ^  #city_district,
   P  #London;


#Greenwich (^a borough of Greater London on the Thames; zero degrees of longitude runs through Greenwich; time is measured relative to Greenwich Mean Time^)
   ^  #borough,
   P  #London;


#River_Tyne__Tyne (^a river in northern England that flows east to the North Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #England;


#River_Aire__Aire (^a river in northern England that flows southeast through West Yorkshire^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #England;


#Hadrian's_Wall (^an ancient Roman wall built by the Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century; marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire in Britain^)
   ^  #wall,
   P  #England;


#Wessex (^a Saxon kingdom in southwestern England that became the most powerful English kingdom by the 10th century^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#Sussex (^a former Anglo-Saxon kingdom in southern England on the English Channel; was captured by Wessex in the 9th century^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#West_Country (^the southwest of England (including Cornwall and Devon and Somerset)^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#Northumbria (^an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in northern England until 876^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#South_Yorkshire (^a metropolitan county in northern England^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Sheffield,
   P  #England;


#West_Yorkshire (^a metropolitan county in northern England^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Leeds,
   P  #England;


#North_Yorkshire (^a county in northern England^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Yorkshire (^a former large county in northern England; in 1974 it was divided into three smaller counties^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#Lancashire (^a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#East_Anglia (^a region of eastern England that was formerly a kingdom^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #England;


#Northumberland (^the northernmost county of England; has many Roman remains (including Hadrian's Wall)^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Lincolnshire (^an agricultural county of eastern England on the North Sea^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Leicestershire__Leicester (^a largely agricultural county in central England^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Bosworth_Field  #Leicester,
   P  #England;


#West_Sussex (^a county in southern England on the English Channel^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#East_Sussex (^a county in southern England on the English Channel^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Hastings,
   P  #England;


#Somerset (^a county in southwestern England on the Bristol Channel^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Kent (^a county in southeastern England; the first to be colonized by the Romans^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Canterbury,
   P  #England;


#Hampshire (^a county of southern England on the English Channel^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Winchester.England,
   P  #England;


#Gloucestershire (^a county in southwestern England in the lower Severn valley^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Devonshire__Devon (^a county in southwestern England^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Cornwall (^a hilly county in southwestern England^)
   ^  #county,
   m  #Cornishman  #Cornishwoman,
   P  #England;


#Berkshire (^a county in southern England^)
   ^  #county,
   p  #Eton_College  #Reading,
   P  #England;


#Avon (^a county in southwestern England^)
   ^  #county,
   P  #England;


#Worcester.England (^a cathedral city in west central England on the River Severn^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England;


#Reading (^a city on the River Thames in Berkshire in southern England^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England  #Berkshire;


#Gloucester.England (^a city in southwestern England in Gloucestershire on the Severn^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England;


#Coventry (^an industrial city in central England; devastated by air raids during World War II; remembered as the home of Lady Godiva in the 11th century^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England;


#Pompey__Portsmouth (^a port city in southern England on the English Channel; Britain's major naval base^)
   ^  #port  #city,
   P  #England;


#Newcastle-upon-Tyne__Newcastle (^a port in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression "carry coals to Newcastle" meaning to do something unnecessary)^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #England;


#Leicester (^an industrial city on the River Soar in Leicestershire in central England; built on the site of a Roman settlement^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England  #Leicestershire;


#Bristol (^an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #England;


#Brighton (^a city in East Sussex in southern England that is a popular resort; site of the University of Sussex^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England;


#Blackpool (^a resort town in Lancashire in northwestern England on the Irish Sea; famous for its tower^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #England;


#Cambridge (^a city in eastern England on the River Cam; site of Cambridge University^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Cambridge_University,
   m  #Cantabrigian,
   P  #England;


#Oxford.England (^a city in southern England northwest of London; site of Oxford University^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Oxford_University,
   m  #Oxonian,
   P  #England;


#Birmingham (^a city in central England; 2nd largest English city and an important industrial and transportation center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England;


#Liverpool (^a large city in northwestern England; its port is the country's major outlet for industrial exports^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   m  #Liverpudlian,
   P  #England;


#Hull__Kingston-upon_Hull (^a large fishing port in northeastern England^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   p  #Humber_Bridge,
   P  #England;


#Manchester (^a city in northwestern England (30 miles east of Liverpool); heart of the most densely populated area of England^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #England,
   L  #Mancunian;


#London__Greater_London__British_capital__capital_of_the_United_Kingdom (^the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Big_Ben  #Old_Bailey  #Fleet_Street.street  #Harley_Street  #Lombard_Street  #Greenwich  #Bloomsbury  #Soho  #Wembley  #West_End  #Westminster  #Pall_Mall  #Wimbledon,
   m  #Londoner,
   P  #England;


#Lake_District__Lakeland (^a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #England;


#Lancaster (^a city in northwestern England^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Lancastrian,
   P  #England;


#Northern_Ireland (^a division of the United Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Bangor.Northern_Ireland  #Belfast,
   P  #Ireland  #UK  #Europe;


#Wales__Cymru__Cambria (^one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria^)
   ^  #principality,
   p  #Aberdare  #Bangor.Wales  #Cardiff  #Newport.Wales  #Swansea  #Anglesey_Island  #Menai_Strait  #River_Severn,
   m  #Welshman,
   P  #Great_Britain;


#Scotland (^one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Bannockburn  #battle_of_Brunanburh  #battle_of_Langside  #Highlands  #Galloway.district  #Aberdeen.Scotland  #Lothian_Region  #Glasgow  #Hebrides  #Orkney_Islands  #Shetland_Islands  #Firth_of_Forth  #Loch_Achray  #Loch_Ness,
   m  #Scot,
   P  #Great_Britain  #Europe;


#Ireland__Hibernia__Emerald_Isle (^an island comprising the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #battle_of_Boyne  #Drogheda  #Aran_Islands  #Northern_Ireland  #Eire,
   m  #Irish_person  #Irishman  #Irishwoman,
   P  #British_Isles;


#Great_Britain  (^an island comprising England and Scotland and Wales^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #England  #Scotland  #Wales  #Solway_Firth,
   m  #Britisher,
   P  #British_Isles  #UK;


#British_Isles (^Great Britain and Ireland and adjacent islands in the north Atlantic^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Great_Britain  #Ireland  #UK,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#British_Empire (^formerly the United Kingdom and all the territories under its control; reached its greatest extent at the end of World War I; "the sun never sets on the British Empire"^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Acre (^a territory of western Brazil bordering on Bolivia and Peru^)
   ^  #district;


#Urubupunga_Falls__Urubupunga (^a waterfall in the Parana river in Brazil^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Brazil  #Parana_River;


#Tocantins_River__Tocantins (^a river in eastern Brazil that flows generally north to the Para River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Brazil;


#Sete_Quedas__Guaira__Guaira_Falls (^a great waterfall on the border between Brazil and Paraguay^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Brazil  #Paraguay  #Parana_River;


#Purus_River__Purus (^a Brazilian river; tributary of the Amazon River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Brazil;


#Paulo_Afonso_Falls__Paulo_Afonso (^a major waterfall in northeastern Brazil^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Brazil;


#Madeira_River__Madeira (^a Brazilian river; tributary of the Amazon River^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Brazil;


#Amazon_River__Amazon (^a major South American river; flows into the South Atlantic; the world's 2nd longest river (4000 miles)^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Brazil  #Peru;


#Sao_Paulo (^an ultramodern city in southeastern Brazil; the largest city in South America^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Brazil;


#Recife__Pernambuco (^a port city of northeastern Brazil on the Atlantic^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Brazil;


#Rio_de_Janeiro__Rio (^the former capital and 2nd largest city of Brazil; chief Brazilian port; famous as a tourist attraction^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Carioca,
   P  #Brazil;


#Natal (^a port city in northeastern Brazil^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Brazil;


#Brasilia__Brazilian_capital__capital_of_Brazil (^the capital of Brazil; a city built on the central plateau and inaugurated in 1960^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Brazil;


#Belo_Horizonte (^city in southeastern Brazil north of Rio de Janeiro; the first of Brazil planned communities^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Brazil;


#Sajama (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (21,391 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Bolivia  #Andes;


#Illimani (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (21,201 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Bolivia  #Andes;


#Illampu (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (20,870 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Bolivia  #Andes;


#Ancohuma (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Bolivia (20,960 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Bolivia  #Andes;


#Sucre (^the legal capital and seat of the judiciary in Bolivia^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Bolivia;


#La_Paz (^city in western Bolivia and the administrative seat of Bolivia's government; largest city in Bolivia^)
   ^  #seat.center,
   P  #Bolivia;


#Gaborone__capital_of_Botswana (^capital and largest city of Botswana in the extreme southeast^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Botswana;


#Botswana__Republic_of_Botswana (^a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Gaborone  #Kalahari_Desert,
   P  #Africa;


#Bhutan__Kingdom_of_Bhutan (^a landlocked principality in the Himalayas northeast of India^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   m  #Bhutanese,
   P  #Asia;


#Alost__Aalost (^a town in central Belgium^)
   ^  #town;


#Meuse_River__Meuse (^a European river; flows into the North Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Belgium  #France  #Netherlands;


#Namur (^a city in south central Belgium situated on a promontory between the Meuse River and the Sambre River; the site of intense fighting in World War I and World War II^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Belgium;


#Liege__Luik (^city in eastern Belgium; largest French-speaking city in Belgium^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Belgium;


#Gent__Gand__Ghent (^port city in northwestern Belgium and industrial center; famous for cloth industry^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Belgium;


#Charleroi (^city in southwestern Belgium; center of an industrial region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Belgium;


#Antwerpen__Antwerp__Anvers (^a port in northern Belgium on the Scheldt river^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Belgium;


#Bruxelles__Brussels__Belgian_capital__capital_of_Belgium (^the capital and largest city of Belgium; seat of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Belgium;


#Flanders (^a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands^)
   ^  #European_country,
   P  #Europe;


#Ganges_River__Ganges (^an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of Hindu India^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Bangladesh  #India;


#Chittagong (^a port city and industrial center in southeastern Bangladesh on the Bay of Bengal^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Bangladesh;


#Dahka__Dacca__capital_of_Bangladesh (^the capital and largest city of Bangladesh^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Bangladesh;


#Bangladesh__People's_Republic_of_Bangladesh__Bangla_Desh__East_Pakistan (^a Moslem Republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Dahka  #Chittagong  #Brahmaputra_River  #Ganges_River,
   m  #Bangladeshi  #Bengali.Asian,
   P  #Asia;


#Bahrain_Island__Bahrain__Bahrein__Bahrein_Island (^an island in the Persian Gulf^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Persian_Gulf;


#Manama__capital_of_Bahrain (^the capital of Bahrain; located at the northern end of Bahrain Island^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Bahrain;


#Arabian_Desert (^a desert on the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Asia^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#Qatar_Peninsula__Qatar__Katar__Katar_Peninsula (^a peninsula extending northward from the Arabian mainland into the Persian Gulf^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Qatar,
   P  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#Arabian_Peninsula__Arabia (^a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Oman  #Qatar_Peninsula  #Saudi_Arabia  #United_Arab_Emirates  #Yemen  #Arabian_Desert,
   m  #Arab,
   P  #Asia;


#Nassau__capital_of_the_Bahamas (^the capital of the Bahamas^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Bahamas;


#Innsbruck (^city in southwestern Austria; known as a summer and winter resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Austria;


#Salzburg (^city in western Austria; a music center and birthplace of Mozart^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Austria;


#Linz__Lentia (^city in northern Austria on the Danube; noted as a cultural center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Austria;


#Graz (^an industrial city is southeastern Austria^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Austria;


#Vienna__Austrian_capital__capital_of_Austria (^the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Austria;


#Tyrol__Tirol (^a picturesque mountainous province of western Austria^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #Austria;


#Austria-Hungary (^a geographical area in central and eastern Europe; broken into separate countries at the end of World War I^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Europe;


#Port_Moresby__capital_of_Papua_New_Guinea (^the administrative capital and largest city of Papua New Guinea^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Papua_New_Guinea;


#Papua_New_Guinea__Independent_State_of_Papua_New_Guinea  (^a parliamentary democracy on the eastern half of the island of New Guinea^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Bismarck_Archipelago  #Bougainville  #Port_Moresby,
   P  #New_Guinea;


#New_Guinea__Papua (^a Pacific island north of Australia; the 2nd largest island in the world; governed by Australia and Indonesia^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Papua_New_Guinea,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Bougainville (^the largest of the Solomon Islands; a province of Papua New Guinea^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Papua_New_Guinea  #Solomon_Islands;


#Sarawak (^a region of Malaysia on northwestern Borneo^)
   ^  #district,
   m  #Sarawakian,
   P  #Borneo  #East_Malaysia;


#Sabah__North_Borneo (^a region of Malaysia in northeastern Borneo^)
   ^  #district,
   m  #Sabahan,
   P  #Borneo  #East_Malaysia;


#East_Malaysia (^the part of Malaysia that is on the island of Borneo^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Sabah  #Sarawak,
   P  #Borneo  #Malaysia;


#Indonesian_Borneo__Kalimantan (^the part of Indonesia on the southern side of the island of Borneo^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #Borneo  #Indonesia;


#Negara_Brunei_Darussalam__Brunei (^a sultanate in northwestern Borneo; became independent of Great Britain in 1984^)
   ^  #sultanate,
   m  #Bruneian,
   P  #Borneo;


#New_Ireland (^an island in the Bismarck Archipelago; part of Papua New Guinea^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Bismarck_Archipelago;


#New_Britain (^the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago; part of Papua New Guinea^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Bismarck_Archipelago;


#Admiralty_Islands (^a group of islands in the Bismarck Archipelago^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Bismarck_Archipelago;


#Timor (^an island in Indonesia in the Malay Archipelago; the largest and most eastern of the Lesser Sunda Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   M  #Lesser_Sunda_Islands,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Bali (^an island in Indonesia east of Java; striking volcanic scenery; culture is known for elaborate dances and rituals and for handicrafts^)
   ^  #island,
   M  #Lesser_Sunda_Islands,
   P  #Indonesia;


#Lesser_Sunda_Islands__Nusa_Tenggara (^a chain of islands forming a province of Indonesia east of Java; includes Bali and Timor^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   m  #Bali  #Timor,
   P  #Sunda_Islands;


#Greater_Sunda_Islands (^a chain of islands including Borneo and Celebes and Java and Sumatra^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Sunda_Islands;


#Borneo__Kalimantan (^3rd largest island in the world; in the western Pacific north of Java; largely covered by dense jungle and rain forest; part of the Malay Archipelago^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Negara_Brunei_Darussalam  #Indonesian_Borneo  #East_Malaysia  #Sabah  #Sarawak,
   m  #Bornean,
   P  #Malay_Archipelago;


#Sunda_Islands (^a chain of islands in the western Malay Archipelago^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Greater_Sunda_Islands  #Lesser_Sunda_Islands,
   P  #Malay_Archipelago;


#Malay_Archipelago__East_Indies (^a group of islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans between Asia and Australia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Sunda_Islands  #Borneo,
   m  #Malayan,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Hawaiian_Islands__Sandwich_Islands (^a group of volcanic and coral islands in the central Pacific^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Hawaii  #Hawaii_Island  #Kahoolawe_Island  #Kauai_Island  #Lanai_Island  #Maui_Island  #Molokai_Island  #Nihau_Island  #Oahu_Island  #Midway_Islands,
   P  #Polynesia;


#Kingdom_of_Tonga__Tonga__Friendly_Islands (^a monarchy on a Polynesian archipelago in the South Pacific; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1970^)
   ^  #country,
   m  #Tongan,
   P  #Polynesia;


#Samoa (^a group of volcanic islands in the South Pacific midway between Hawaii and Australia; its climate and scenery and Polynesian culture make it a popular tourist stop^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Independent_State_of_Samoa  #American_Samoa,
   m  #Samoan,
   P  #Polynesia;


#French_Polynesia__French_Oceania (^a French overseas territory in the South Pacific^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion,
   p  #Society_Islands  #Tuamotu_Archipelago  #Tubuai_Islands  #Gambier_Islands  #Marquesas_Islands,
   P  #Polynesia;


#Nauru__Republic_of_Nauru (^an island republic on Nauru Island; phosphate exports support the economy^)
   ^  #country,
   m  #Nauruan,
   P  #Nauru_Island;


#Tarawa__Bairiki (^national capital of Kiribati^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Kiribati;


#Funafuti (^capital of Tuvalu^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Tuvalu;


#Tuvalu (^a small island republic on the Tuvalu islands; formerly part of the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands until it withdrew in 1975 and became independent of the United Kingdom in 1978^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Funafuti,
   P  #Ellice_Islands;


#Gilbert_Islands (^a group of islands in Micronesia southwest of Hawaii; formerly part of the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands until it became part of the Republic of Kiribati in 1979^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Tarawa-Makin,
   P  #Kiribati;


#Kwajalein.atoll (^an atoll in the western Marshall Islands that was used as a Japanese air and naval base during World War II^)
   ^  #atoll,
   p  #Kwajalein,
   P  #Marshall_Islands;


#Eniwetok.atoll (^an atoll in the Marshall islands; site of an amphibious assault in World War II; later used by the United States to test atomic bombs^)
   ^  #atoll,
   P  #Marshall_Islands;


#Republic_of_the_Marshall_Islands__Marshall_Islands (^a republic (under United States protection) on the Marshall Islands^)
   ^  #country,
   P  #Marshall_Islands;


#Saipan.island (^an island in the southern Mariana Islands that is the administrative center of the United States Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Saipan,
   P  #Mariana_Islands;


#Guam__GU (^the largest and southernmost island in the Marianas; was ceded by Spain to the United States in 1898^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Mariana_Islands;


#Nauru_Island__Nauru__Pleasant_Island (^a small island in the central Pacific Ocean 2,800 miles southwest of Hawaii; in Micronesia west of the Gilbert Islands^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Nauru,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands (^a former British colony in Micronesia^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Kiribati__Republic_of_Kiribati (^an island republic in the west central Pacific just south of the equator^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Gilbert_Islands  #Tarawa,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Ellice_Islands__Tuvalu (^a group of coral islands in Micronesia southwest of Hawaii^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Tuvalu,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Marshall_Islands (^a group of coral islands in eastern Micronesia^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Republic_of_the_Marshall_Islands  #Eniwetok.atoll  #Kwajalein.atoll,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Caroline_Islands (^a long archipelago of more than 500 islands in Micronesia east of the Philippines^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Mariana_Islands__Marianas__Ladrone_Islands (^a chain of coral and volcanic islands in Micronesia halfway between New Guinea and Japan^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Guam  #Saipan.island,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Kolonia (^capital of Micronesia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia;


#Federated_States_of_Micronesia__Micronesia__TT (^a country scattered over Micronesia with a constitutional government in free association with the United States; achieved independence in 1986^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Kolonia  #Mariana_Islands  #Caroline_Islands  #Marshall_Islands  #Ellice_Islands  #Kiribati  #Gilbert_and_Ellice_Islands  #Nauru_Island,
   P  #Micronesia;


#Vanuatu__Republic_of_Vanuatu__New_Hebrides (^a volcanic island republic in Melanesia; independent since 1980^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Port_Vila,
   P  #Melanesia;


#Solomons__Solomon_Islands (^the northernmost islands are part of Papua New Guinea; the remainder form an independent state within the British Commonwealth^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Guadalcanal  #Solomon_Islands,
   P  #Melanesia;


#New_Caledonia (^an island east of Australia and north of New Zealand^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Melanesia;


#Bismarck_Archipelago (^a group of islands in the southwestern Pacific northeast of New Guinea; part of Papua New Guinea^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Admiralty_Islands  #New_Britain  #New_Ireland,
   P  #Melanesia  #Papua_New_Guinea;


#Austronesia (^islands of central and South Pacific (Indonesia and Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia)^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Melanesia  #Micronesia  #Polynesia  #Indonesia,
   m  #Austronesian,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Australasia (^Australia, New Zealand, and neighboring islands in the South Pacific^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Polynesia (^the islands in the eastern part of Oceania^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #French_Polynesia  #Samoa  #Kingdom_of_Tonga  #Hawaiian_Islands,
   m  #Polynesian,
   P  #Oceania  #Austronesia;


#Micronesia (^the islands in the northwestern part of Oceania^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Federated_States_of_Micronesia,
   P  #Oceania  #Austronesia;


#Melanesia (^the islands in the southwestern part of Oceania^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Fiji_Islands  #Bismarck_Archipelago  #New_Caledonia  #Solomons  #Vanuatu,
   P  #Oceania  #Austronesia;


#Oceania__Oceanica (^a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago)^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Melanesia  #Micronesia  #Polynesia,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Aleutian_Islands__Aleutians (^an archipelago in the North Pacific extending southwestern from Alaska^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Alaska  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Darwin (^provincial capital of the Northern Territory of Australia^)
   ^  #provincial_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Northern_Territory;


#Perth (^the state capital of Western Australia^)
   ^  #state_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Western_Australia;


#Adelaide (^the state capital of South Australia^)
   ^  #state_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #South_Australia;


#Hobart (^a port and state capital of Tasmania^)
   ^  #state_capital  #port  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Tasmania;


#Tasmanian_Island__Tasmania  (^an island off the southeastern coast of Australia^)
   ^  #island,
   L  #Tasmania,
   P  #Australian_continent;


#Melbourne (^the capital of Victoria state and 2nd largest Australian city; a financial and commercial center^)
   ^  #state_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Victoria.Australian_state,
   L  Oz#DSTO.Melbourne (Oz);


#Sydney (^the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port^)
   ^  #state_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   p  #Sydney_Harbor_Bridge,
   P  #New_South_Wales;


#Brisbane (^capital and largest city of Queensland state; located in the southeastern corner of Queensland on the Pacific; settled by British as a penal colony; 3rd largest city in Australia^)
   ^  #state_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Queensland,
   L  Oz#DSTC (Oz);


#Australian_continent  (^the smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #Tasmanian_Island  #Australian_Desert  #Darling_River  #Murray_River,
   L  #Australia;


#Northern_Territory__NT  (^a territory in north central Australia^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Darwin,
   P  #Australia;


#Western_Australia__WA  (^a state containing the western third of Australia^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   p  #Perth,
   P  #Australia;


#South_Australia__SA  (^a state in south central Australia^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   p  #Adelaide  SA#Edinburgh (SA),
   P  #Australia;


#Tasmania  (^an Australian state on the island of Tasmania^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   l  #Tasmanian_Island,
   p  #Hobart,
   P  #Australia;


#Victoria.Australian_state__VIC  (^a state in southeastern Australia^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   p  #Melbourne,
   P  #Australia;


#New_South_Wales__NSW  (^an Australian state in southeastern Australia^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   p  #Sydney,
   P  #Australia;


#Queensland__QLD  (^a state in northeastern Australia^)
   ^  #Australian_state,
   p  #Brisbane  QLD#Gold_Coast (QLD)  QLD#Fortitude_Valley (QLD),
   P  #Australia;


#Canberra__Australian_capital__capital_of_Australia (^the capital of Australia; located in southeastern Australia^)
   ^  #national_capital  pm#australian_district (pm),
   P  #Australia,
   L  Oz#DSTO.Canberra (Oz);


#St._Elias_Range__St._Elias_Mountains (^a range of mountains between Alaska and the Yukon territory^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Mount_Logan,
   P  #Yukon_Territory  #Alaska;


#Mount_Logan__Logan (^a mountain peak in the Saint Elias Range in the southwestern Yukon Territory in Canada (19,850 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Yukon_Territory  #St._Elias_Range;


#Whitehorse (^the provincial capital of the Yukon Territory^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Yukon_Territory;


#Klondike (^a region in northwestern Canada where gold was discovered in 1896 but exhausted by 1910^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Yukon_Territory;


#Dawson (^a town in northwestern Canada in the Yukon on the Yukon River; a boom town around 1900 when gold was discovered in the Klondike^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Yukon_Territory;


#Saskatoon (^a city is southern Saskatchewan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Saskatchewan;


#Regina (^the provincial capital and largest city of Saskatchewan^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Saskatchewan;


#Montreal (^a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Quebec;


#Quebec_City__Quebec (^the French-speaking capital of the province of Quebec; situated on the Saint Lawrence River^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   p  #Pierre_Laporte_Bridge  #Quebec_Bridge,
   P  #Quebec;


#Charlottetown (^the provincial capital and largest city of Prince Edward Island^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Prince_Edward_Island;


#Canadian_Falls__Horseshoe_Falls (^a part of Niagara Falls in Ontario^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Ontario  #Niagara;


#Toronto (^the provincial capital and largest city in Ontario (and the largest city in Canada)^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Ontario;


#Thunder_Bay (^a port city in Ontario on Lake Superior^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Ontario;


#Sudbury (^a city in south central Canada in Ontario; a major nickel mining center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ontario;


#Sault_Sainte_Marie (^a town of southern Ontario opposite northern Michigan^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Ontario;


#Kingston.Ontario (^a town in southeast Ontario on Lake Ontario near the head of the Saint Lawrence River^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Ontario;


#Hamilton.port (^a port city in southeastern Ontario at the western end of Lake Ontario^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Ontario;


#Canadian_capital__Ottawa__capital_of_Canada (^the capital of Canada (located in southeastern Ontario across the Ottawa river from Quebec)^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Ontario;


#Halifax (^provincial capital and largest city of Nova Scotia^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Nova_Scotia;


#Nova_Scotia.peninsula (^a peninsula in eastern Canada between the Bay of Fundy and the Saint Lawrence River^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Nova_Scotia;


#Yellowknife (^a town in the Northwest Territories in northern Canada on the Great Slave Lake^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Northwest_Territories;


#Newfoundland.island (^an island in the north Atlantic^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Saint_John's.Newfoundland__St._John's (^a port and provincial capital of Newfoundland^)
   ^  #provincial_capital  #port,
   P  #Newfoundland.Canadian_province;


#Saint_John__St._John (^a port in eastern Canada; the largest city in New Brunswick^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #New_Brunswick.Canada;


#Fredericton (^the provincial capital of New Brunswick^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #New_Brunswick.Canada;


#Lake_Winnipeg__Winnipeg (^a lake in southern Canada in Manitoba^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #Manitoba;


#Churchill (^a Canadian town in northern Manitoba on Hudson Bay; important port for shipping grain^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Manitoba;


#Winnipeg (^Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of Manitoba; located in southern Manitoba; known for severe winters^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Manitoba;


#Vancouver_Island (^an island off southwestern Canada (off the southwestern coast of British Columbia); the largest island off the west coast of North America^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #British_Columbia;


#Vancouver (^an island city in southwestern British Columbia on an arm of the Pacific Ocean; Canada's chief Pacific port and third largest city^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #British_Columbia;


#Victoria.British_Columbia (^capital of the Canadian province of British Columbia on Vancouver Island^)
   ^  #provincial_capital  #port,
   P  #British_Columbia;


#Nanaimo (^a town in southwestern British Columbia on Vancouver Island west of Vancouver^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #British_Columbia;


#Edmonton (^the capital and largest city of the province of Alberta^)
   ^  #provincial_capital,
   P  #Alberta;


#Calgary (^a city is southern Alberta; center of a large agricultural region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alberta;


#Banff (^a popular vacation spot in the Canadian Rockies^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Alberta;


#Prince_Edward_Island (^an island in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence; the smallest province of Canada^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Charlottetown,
   P  #Maritime_Provinces;


#Nova_Scotia (^the Canadian province in the Maritimes consisting of the Nova Scotia peninsula and Cape Breton Island; French settlers who called the area Acadia were exiled to Louisiana by the British in the 1750s and their descendants are know as Cajuns^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Nova_Scotia.peninsula  #Halifax  #Cape_Sable,
   P  #Maritime_Provinces;


#New_Brunswick.Canada (^a province in southeastern Canada^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Fredericton  #Saint_John,
   P  #Maritime_Provinces;


#Acadia (^the French-speaking part of the Canadian Maritime Provinces^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Maritime_Provinces;


#Yukon_River__Yukon (^a North American river; flows into the Bering Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Canada  #USA;


#Saint_Lawrence_River__Saint_Lawrence__St._Lawrence__St._Lawrence_River (^a North American river; flows into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the North Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Canada  #USA;


#Saint_Johns_River__Saint_Johns__St._Johns__St._Johns_River (^a North American river; flows into the Bay of Fundy^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Canada  #USA;


#Niagara_River__Niagara (^a river flowing from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario; forms boundary between Ontario and New York^)
   ^  #river,
   p  #Niagara,
   P  #Canada  #USA;


#Hudson_Bay (^an inland sea in northern Canada^)
   ^  #sea,
   P  #Canada;


#Great_Lakes (^a group of 5 lakes in central North America^)
   ^  #lake,
   p  #Lake_Erie  #Lake_Huron  #Lake_Michigan  #Lake_Ontario  #Lake_Superior,
   P  #Canada  #USA;


#Yukon_Territory__Yukon (^a territory in northwestern Canada; site of the Klondike gold rush in the 1890s^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Dawson  #Klondike  #Whitehorse  #Mount_Logan  #St._Elias_Range,
   P  #Canada;


#Saskatchewan (^one of the three prairie provinces in west central Canada; "vast fields of wheat grow on Saskatchewan's prairies"^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Regina  #Saskatoon,
   P  #Canada;


#Quebec (^the largest province of Canada; a French colony from 1663 to 1759 when it was lost to the British^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Quebec_City  #Montreal  #James_Bay  #Lake_Champlain,
   P  #Canada;


#Ontario (^a prosperous and industrialized province in central Canada^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Canadian_capital  #Hamilton.port  #Kingston.Ontario  #Sault_Sainte_Marie  #Sudbury  #Thunder_Bay  #Toronto  #Canadian_Falls  #James_Bay  #Niagara  #Severn,
   P  #Canada;


#Northwest_Territories (^a territory in northwestern Canada^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Yellowknife  #Great_Slave_Lake,
   P  #Canada;


#Newfoundland.Canadian_province (^a Canadian province on the island of Newfoundland; became Canada's 10th province in 1949^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Labrador  #Saint_John's.Newfoundland,
   P  #Canada;


#Manitoba (^one of the three prairie provinces in central Canada^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Winnipeg  #Churchill  #Lake_Winnipeg,
   P  #Canada;


#British_Columbia (^a province in western Canada^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Nanaimo  #Victoria.British_Columbia  #Vancouver  #Vancouver_Island  #Takkakaw,
   P  #Canada;


#Alberta (^one of the three prairie provinces in western Canada; rich in oil and natural gas and minerals^)
   ^  #Canadian_province,
   p  #Banff  #Calgary  #Edmonton,
   P  #Canada;


#Maritime_Provinces__Maritimes (^the collective name for the Canadian provinces of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Acadia  #New_Brunswick.Canada  #Nova_Scotia  #Prince_Edward_Island,
   P  #Canada;


#Labrador (^part of the province of Newfoundland in the eastern part of the large Labrador-Ungava peninsula in northeastern Canada^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Newfoundland.Canadian_province  #Labrador-Ungava_peninsula;


#Baffin_Island (^the 5th largest island and the largest of the Canadian Arctic; between Greenland and Hudson Bay^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Canada  #Arctic_Ocean;


#Thule (^a town in northwestern Greenland; during World War II a United States naval base was built there^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Greenland;


#Greenland__Gronland__Kalaallit_Nunaat (^the largest island in the world; between the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans; a self-governing province of Denmark^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Thule,
   P  #Arctic_Ocean  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Dalmatia (^a historical region of Croatia on the Adriatic Sea; mountainous with many islands^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Dalmatian;


#Ljubljana (^the capital of Slovenia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Slovenia;


#Slovenia__Republic_of_Slovenia__Slovenija (^a mountainous republic in central Europe; formerly part of the Hapsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; achieved independence in 1991^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Ljubljana,
   m  #Slovene.European  #Slovenian;


#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina__Republic_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina__Bosna_i_Hercegovina__Bosnia-Herzegovina__Bosnia (^a mountainous republic of south-central Europe; formerly part of the Ottoman Empire and Yugoslavia; voted for independence in 1992 but the mostly Serbian army of Yugoslavia refused to accept the vote and began `ethnic cleansing' to rid Bosnia of Croats and Muslims^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Sarajevo;


#Kosovo (^a Serbian province in southern Yugoslavia populated predominantly by Albanians^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #Serbia;


#Zagreb (^the capital of Croatia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Croatia;


#Split (^an old Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Croatia;


#Dubrovnik__Ragusa (^a port city in southwestern Croatia on the Adriatic; a popular tourist center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Croatia;


#Serbia__Srbija (^a historical region in central and northern Yugoslavia; Serbs settled the region in the 6th and 7th centuries^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Kosovo  #Belgrade,
   m  #Serbian,
   P  #Yugoslavia;


#Belgrade__Beograd__capital_of_Yugoslavia (^capital and largest city of Yugoslavia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Yugoslavia  #Serbia;


#Montenegro__Crna_Gora (^a former country bordering on the Adriatic Sea; now part of Yugoslavia^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Yugoslavia;


#Yugoslavia__Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia__Jugoslavija__Serbia_and_Montenegro (^a mountainous republic in southeastern Europe^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Montenegro  #Belgrade  #Serbia  #Danube_River,
   m  #Yugoslav;


#Kigali__capital_of_Rwanda (^the capital and largest city of Rwanda; located in central Rwanda^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Rwanda;


#Rwanda__Rwandese_Republic__Ruanda (^a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Kigali  #Lake_Kivu,
   m  #Rwandan,
   P  #Africa;


#Bucharest__Bucharesti__Bucuresti__capital_of_Romania (^capital and largest city of Romania in southeastern Romania^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Romania;


#Romania__Roumania__Rumania (^a Balkan republic in southeastern Europe^)
   ^  #Balkan_country,
   p  #Bucharest  #Danube_River,
   m  #Romanian,
   P  #Europe;


#Verona (^a city in Veneto on the River Adige^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Veneto;


#Venice__Venezia (^the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice which is an arm of the Adriatic; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Venetian,
   P  #Veneto;


#Padua__Padova__Patavium (^a city in Veneto^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Veneto;


#Firenze__Florence (^a city in central Italy on the Arno River; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tuscany;


#Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna (^an inactive volcano in Sicily; last erupted in 1961; the highest volcano in Europe (10,500 feet)^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Sicily;


#Agrigento__Acragas__Girgenti (^a town in Italy in southwestern Sicily near the coast; the site of six Greek temples^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Sicily;


#Palermo (^the capital of Sicily; located in northwestern Sicily; an important port for 3000 years^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Sicily;


#Sardinia__Sardegna (^an island in the Mediterranean west of Italy^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Bari (^capital city of the Apulia region on the Adriatic coast^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Puglia;


#Siracusa__Syracuse (^a city in southeastern Sicily that was founded by Corinthians in the 8th century BC^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sicily;


#Pisa (^a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Tuscany;


#Turin__Torino (^capital city of the Piemonte region of northwestern Italy^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Piemonte;


#Milan__Milano (^the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Lombardy;


#Cremona (^a city in Lombardy on the Po River; noted for the manufacture of fine violins in the 16th-18th centuries^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Lombardy;


#La_Spezia (^a port city in Liguria on an arm of the Ligurian Sea; a major seaport and year-round resort^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Liguria;


#Genoa__Genova (^a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Liguria;


#Holy_See__The_Holy_See__State_of_the_Vatican_City (^the smallest sovereign state in the world; the see of the Pope (as the Bishop of Rome); home of the Pope and the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church; achieved independence from Italy in 1929^)
   ^  #European_country  #see,
   p  #Vatican_City,
   P  #Roma;


#Bologna (^the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy east of the Apennines^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Emilia-Romagna;


#Messina (^a port city in northeastern Sicily on the Strait of Messina^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Sicily;


#Ischia (^a volcanic island (part of Campania) in the Tyrrhenian Sea at the north end of the Bay of Naples^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Campania;


#Capri (^an island (part of Campania) in the Bay of Naples in southern Italy; a tourist attraction noted for beautiful scenery^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Campania;


#Naples__Napoli (^a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   m  #Neopolitan,
   P  #Campania;


#Aquila_degli_Abruzzi__Aquila__L'Aquila (^the provincial capital of the Abruzzi region in central Italy^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Abruzzi_e_Molise;


#Po_River__Po (^a European river; flows into the Adriatic Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Italy;


#Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco (^the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Italy  #France  #the_Alps;


#Matterhorn (^a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Italy  #Switzerland  #the_Alps;


#River_Arno__Arno (^a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Italy;


#Apennines (^a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Caudine_Forks,
   P  #Italy;


#the_Alps__Alps (^a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Dolomite_Alps  #Matterhorn  #Mont_Blanc  #Weisshorn,
   P  #Italy  #Austria  #France  #Switzerland;


#River_Adige__Adige (^a river in northern Italy that flows southeast into the Adriatic Sea; "Verona is on the Adige"^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Italy;


#Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius (^a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; erupted in 79 AD and buried Pompeii; last erupted in 1944^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Italy;


#Riviera (^a coastal area between La Spezia in Italy and Cannes in France; "the Riviera contains some of Europe's most popular resorts"^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #French_Riviera,
   P  #Italy  #France;


#Etruria (^an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC^)
   ^  #country,
   m  #Etruscan,
   P  #Italy;


#Veneto__Venezia-Euganea__Venetia (^a region of northeastern Italy on the Adriatic^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Padua  #Venice  #Verona,
   P  #Italy;


#Valle_D'Aosta (^a region in northwestern Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Umbria (^a mountainous region in central Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Trentino-Alto_Adige (^a region of northeastern Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Tuscany__Toscana (^a region in central Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Pisa  #Firenze,
   m  #Tuscan.Italian,
   P  #Italy;


#Sicily__Sicilia (^the Italian region on the island of Sicily^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Egadi_Islands  #Messina  #Siracusa  #Palermo  #Agrigento  #Mount_Etna,
   m  #Sicilian,
   P  #Italy;


#Sardegna__Sardinia (^the Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Puglia__Apulia (^a region in southeastern Italy on the Adriatic^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Bari,
   P  #Italy;


#Piemonte__Piedmont (^the region of northwestern Italy; includes the Po valley^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Turin,
   P  #Italy;


#Molise (^a region of south central Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Marche__Marches (^a region in central Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Lombardy__Lombardia (^a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Cremona  #Milan,
   P  #Italy;


#Liguria (^region of northwestern Italy on the Ligurian Sea^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Genoa  #La_Spezia,
   P  #Italy;


#Tivoli__Tibur (^a town twenty miles east of Rome (Tibur is the ancient name); a summer resort during the Roman empire; noted for its waterfalls^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Italy;


#Brindisi (^a port city in southeastern Apulia in Italy; a center for the Crusades in the Middle Ages^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Italy;


#Roma__Rome__Eternal_City__Italian_capital__capital_of_Italy (^capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Colosseum  #Palatine  #Holy_See,
   m  #Roman,
   P  #Italy;


#Latium__Lazio (^an ancient region of west central Italy (southeast of Rome) on the Tyrrhenian Sea^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Friuli-Venezia_Giulia (^a region in northeastern Italy^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Emilia-Romagna (^a region of north central Italy on the Adriatic^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Bologna,
   P  #Italy;


#Campania (^a region of southwestern Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea including the islands of Capri and Ischia^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Naples  #Capri  #Ischia,
   m  #Oscan.Italian  #Samnite,
   P  #Italy;


#Calabria (^a region of southern Italy (forming the toe of the Italian `boot')^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Basilicata__Lucania (^a region of southern Italy (forming the instep of the Italian `boot')^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   P  #Italy;


#Abruzzi_e_Molise__Abruzzi (^a mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic^)
   ^  #Italian_region,
   p  #Aquila_degli_Abruzzi,
   P  #Italy;


#Herculaneum (^ancient city; now destroyed^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Italy;


#Pompeii (^ancient city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Italy;


#Ticino__Tessin (^an Italian-speaking region of southern Switzerland^)
   ^  #Swiss_canton,
   P  #Switzerland;


#San_Marino__Republic_of_San_Marino (^the smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #San_Marino.capital,
   m  #San_Marinese,
   P  #Italian_Peninsula;


#Italian_Peninsula (^a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #San_Marino,
   P  #Italy;


#Byzantium (^an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Byzantine_Empire;


#Byzantine_Empire__Eastern_Roman_Empire (^a continuation of the Roman Empire in the East after AD 330 when Constantine the Great rebuilt Byzantium and called it Constantinople and made it his capital^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Byzantium,
   P  #Roman_Empire;


#Roman_Empire (^an empire including the lands in Europe and Africa and Asia that were ruled by ancient Rome^)
   ^  #empire,
   p  #Holy_Roman_Empire  #Byzantine_Empire,
   m  #Roman.European,
   P  #Africa  #Asia  #Europe;


#Palestine (^a British mandate on the east coast of the Mediterranean; divided between Jordan and Israel in 1948^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion;


#Philistia (^an ancient region on the coast of southwestern Palestine that was strategically located on a trade route between Syria and Egypt; important in Biblical times^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Canaan;


#Judea__Judaea (^the southern part of the ancient Palestine succeeding the kingdom of Judah; a Roman province at the time of Christ^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Canaan;


#Juda__Judah (^an ancient kingdom of southern Palestine with Jerusalem as its center^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Canaan;


#Canaan__Palestine__Holy_Land__Promised_Land (^an ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Juda  #Judea  #Philistia,
   P  #Asia;


#Jaffa__Joppa__Yafo (^a port in western Israel on the Mediterranean; incorporated into Tel Aviv in 1950^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Tel_Aviv-Jaffa;


#Palatine (^the most important of the Seven Hills of ancient Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces^)
   ^  #hill,
   P  #Roma;


#Cotswolds__Cotswold_Hills (^a range of low hills in southwestern England^)
   ^  #hills,
   P  #England;


#Wailing_Wall (^a wall in Jerusalem; sacred to Jews as a place of prayer and lamentation; its stones are believed to have formed part of the Temple of Solomon^)
   ^  #wall,
   P  #Jerusalem;


#Zion__Sion (^originally a stronghold captured by David (the 2nd king of the Israelites); above it was built a temple and later the name extended to the whole hill; finally it became a synonym for the city of Jerusalem; "the inhabitants of Jerusalem are personified as `the daughter of Zion'"^)
   ^  #hill,
   P  #Jerusalem;


#Calvary__Golgotha (^a hill near Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified^)
   ^  #hill,
   P  #Jerusalem;


#Dead_Sea (^a saltwater lake on the border between Israel and Jordan; its surface in 1292 feet below sea level^)
   ^  #lake,
   P  #State_of_Israel  #Jordan;


#Negev_Desert__Negev (^a desert in southern Israel^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Jordan_River__Jordan (^a river in Palestine that empties into the Dead Sea; John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the Jordan^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #State_of_Israel  #Jordan;


#Haifa (^a port in northwestern Israel on the Bay of Acre^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Tel_Aviv-Jaffa__Tel_Aviv (^the largest city and financial center of Israel; located in western Israel on the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Jaffa,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Gomorrah__Gomorrha (^(Old Testament) an ancient city near the Dead Sea that (along with Sodom) was destroyed by God for the vice and depravity of its inhabitants^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Sodom (^(Old Testament) an ancient city near the Dead Sea that (along with Gomorrah) was destroyed by God for the wickedness of its inhabitants^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Bethlehem (^a small town near Jerusalem on the west bank of the Jordan River where Jesus was born^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Jerusalem__capital_of_Israel (^capital and largest city of the modern state of Israel; a holy city for Jews and Christians and Moslems; was the capital of an ancient kingdom^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Calvary  #Zion  #Wailing_Wall,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Golan_Heights (^a fortified hilly area between southern Lebanon and southern Syria; "artillery on the Golan Heights can dominate a large area of Israel"^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Gaza_Strip (^a coastal region at the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean bordering Israel and Egypt^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Galilee (^an area of northern Israel; formerly the northern part of Palestine and the ancient kingdom of Israel; the scene of Jesus's ministry^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#West_Bank (^an area between Israel and Jordan on the west bank of the Jordan river; populated largely by Palestinians^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#Akko__Acre__Akka__Accho (^a town and port in northwestern Israel in the eastern Mediterranean^)
   ^  #town  #port,
   P  #State_of_Israel;


#State_of_Israel__Israel__Yisrael__Zion__Sion (^Jewish republic in southwestern Asia at eastern end of Mediterranean; formerly part of Palestine^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Akko  #West_Bank  #Galilee  #Gaza_Strip  #Golan_Heights  #Jerusalem  #Bethlehem  #Sodom  #Gomorrah  #Tel_Aviv-Jaffa  #Haifa  #Jordan_River  #Negev_Desert  #Dead_Sea,
   m  #Israeli,
   P  #Middle_East;


#Israel (^an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC^)
   ^  #kingdom.country,
   m  #Israelite,
   P  #Middle_East;


#Fertile_Crescent (^a geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from Israel to the Nile Valley and including the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Middle_East;


#Middle_East__Near_East (^the area around the eastern Mediterranean; from Turkey to North Africa and eastward to Iran; the site of such ancient civilizations as Phoenicia and Babylon and Egypt and the birthplace of Judaism and Christianity and Islam; "the Middle East is the cradle of Western civilization"^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Operation_Desert_Storm  #Six_Day_War  #Arab-Israeli_War  #Fertile_Crescent  #Israel  #State_of_Israel  #Egypt  #Iran  #Iraq  #Jordan  #Kuwait  #Lebanon  #Saudi_Arabia  #Syria  #Turkey;


#Olympia (^a plain in Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese; site of the original Olympian Games^)
   ^  #plain,
   P  #Peloponnese;


#Thebes (^an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Theban,
   P  #Boeotia;


#Sparta (^an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BC^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Spartan,
   P  #Peloponnese;


#Plato (^ancient Athenian philosopher; pupil of Socrates; teacher of Aristotle (428-347 BC)^)
   ^  #philosopher,
   M  #Athens;


#Dipylon_gate__Dipylon (^a gateway on the west of ancient Athens near which a distinctive style of pottery has been found^)
   ^  #gate,
   P  #Athens;


#Egadi_Islands__Aegadean_Isles__Aegadean_Islands__Isole_Egadi__Aegates (^a group of islands off the west coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Sicily  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Knossos__Cnossos__Cnossus (^an ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC^)
   ^  #town;


#Mount_Parnassus__Parnassus__Liakoura (^a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry; "Liakoura is the modern name of Mount Parnassus"^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Greece;


#Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos (^a mountain in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain,
   P  #Greece;


#Lemnos__Limnos (^a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea; famous for a reddish-brown clay that has medicinal properties^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Greece  #Aegean_Sea;


#Peloponnese__Peloponnesus__Peloponnesian_Peninsula (^the southern peninsula of Greece; dominated by Sparta until the 4th century BC^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Sparta  #Olympia,
   P  #Greece;


#Arcadia (^a department of Greece in the central Peloponnese^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Arcadian,
   P  #Greece;


#Thessaloniki__Salonika__Salonica__Thessalonica (^a port city in northeastern Greece on an inlet of the Aegean Sea; second largest city of Greece^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Greece;


#Laconia (^an ancient region of southern Greece in the southeastern Peloponnesus; dominated by Sparta^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Laconian,
   P  #Greece;


#Mycenae (^an ancient city is southern Greece; center of the Mycenaean civilization^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Greece;


#Delphi (^an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus; site of the Temple of Apollo^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Temple_of_Apollo,
   P  #Greece;


#Argos (^an ancient city in southeastern Greece; dominated the Peloponnese in the 7th century BC^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Greece;


#Corinth__Korinthos (^the modern Greek port near the site of the ancient city that was second only to Athens^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   m  #Corinthian,
   P  #Greece;


#Attica (^the territory of Athens in ancient Greece^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Greece;


#Actium (^an ancient town on a promontory in western Greece^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Greece;


#Athens__Athinai__capital_of_Greece__Greek_capital (^the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess); "in the 5th century BC ancient Athens was the world's most powerful and civilized city"^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Dipylon_gate,
   m  #Athenian  #Plato,
   P  #Greece;


#Mount_Athos__Athos (^an autonomous area in northeastern Greece that is the site of several Greek Orthodox monasteries founded in the tenth century^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Greece;


#Ithaki__Ithaca (^a Greek island west of Greece; in Homeric legend Odysseus was its king^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Greece;


#Crete__Kriti (^the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Cretan,
   P  #Greece  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Rhodes__Rodhos (^a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   P  #Greece  #Dodecanese;


#Lesbos__Lesvos__Mytilene (^an island of eastern Greece in the eastern Aegean Sea; in antiquity it was famous for lyric poetry^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   m  #Lesbian,
   P  #Greece  #Aeolis;


#Dodecanese__Dhodhekanisos (^a group of islands in the southeast Aegean Sea^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   p  #Rhodes,
   P  #Greece;


#Cyclades__Kikladhes (^a group of over 200 islands in the southern Aegean^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   P  #Greece;


#Chios__Khios (^an island in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey; belongs to Greece^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   P  #Greece;


#Aigina__Aegina (^an island in the Aegean Sea in the Saronic Gulf^)
   ^  #Aegean_island,
   P  #Greece;


#Mariehamn__Maarianhamina (^a town that is the chief port of the Aland islands^)
   ^  #town  #port,
   P  #Finland;


#Aland_islands__Aaland_islands__Ahvenanmaa (^an archipelago of some 6,000 islands in the Gulf of Bothnia under Finnish control^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Finland  #Gulf_of_Bothnia;


#Tampere__Tammerfors (^an industrial city in south central Finland^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Finland;


#Espoo (^a city in southern Finland^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Finland;


#Helsinki__Helsingfors__capital_of_Finland__Finnish_capital (^the capital and largest city of Finland; located in southern Finland; a major port and commercial and cultural center^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Finland;


#Karelia (^a region in Finland and Russia between the Gulf of Finland and the White Sea^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Carelian,
   P  #Finland  #Russia;


#Suva (^the capital and largest city of Fiji (on Viti Levu island)^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Fiji;


#Fiji__Republic_of_Fiji (^an independent state within the British Commonwealth located on the Fiji Islands^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Suva,
   m  #Fijian.Polynesian,
   P  #Fiji_Islands;


#Vanua_Levu (^a volcanic island in the Fijis^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Fiji_Islands;


#Viti_Levu (^a volcanic island in the Fijis^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Fiji_Islands;


#Fiji_Islands__Fijis (^a group of more than 800 islands (100 inhabited) in the southwestern Pacific; larger islands (Viti Levu and Vanua Levu) are of volcanic origin surrounded by coral reefs; smaller islands are coral^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Viti_Levu  #Vanua_Levu  #Fiji,
   P  #Melanesia;


#Addis_Ababa__New_Flower__capital_of_Ethiopia (^the capital of Ethiopia and the country's largest city; located in central Ethiopia^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Ethiopia;


#Ethiopia__Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia__Yaltopya__Abyssinia (^Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Addis_Ababa,
   m  #Ethiopian,
   P  #Somali_peninsula;


#Asmara__Asmera (^the capital of Eritrea^)
   ^  #national_capital;


#Eritrea__State_of_Eritrea (^a country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993^)
   ^  #African_country,
   m  #Eritrean,
   P  #Somali_peninsula;


#Chimborazo (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Ecuador (20,560 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Ecuador  #Andes;


#Sangay (^an inactive volcano in the Andes in central Ecuador; last erupted in 1946^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Cotopaxi (^the world's largest active volcano; located in the Andes in north central Ecuador^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Cotacachi (^an Andean volcano in northern Ecuador; last erupted in 1955^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Galapagos_Islands__Galapagos (^a group of islands in the Pacific off South America; owned by Ecuador; known for unusual animal life^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Quito__capital_of_Ecuador (^the capital of Ecuador^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Guayaquil (^the largest city of Ecuador^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ecuador;


#Brandenburg (^the territory of an Elector of the Holy Roman Empire that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Prussia;


#Louisiana_Purchase (^territory in western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million; extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains and from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #USA;


#Wiesbaden (^a city in western Germany; a spa since Roman times^)
   ^  #city  #watering_place;


#Chemnitz__Karl-Marx_Stadt (^a city in east central Germany; formerly called Karl-Marx-Stadt until 1990; noted for textile manufacturing^)
   ^  #city;


#West_Berlin (^the part of Berlin under United States and British and French control until 1989^)
   ^  #city_district,
   m  #West_Berliner,
   P  #Berlin;


#Saxony__Sachsen__Saxe (^an area in Germany around the upper Elbe river^)
   ^  #area.region;


#West_Germany__Federal_Republic_of_Germany (^a republic in north central Europe on the North Sea; established in 1949 from the zones of Germany occupied by the British and French and Americans after the German defeat; reunified with East Germany in 1990^)
   ^  #European_country;


#East_Germany__German_Democratic_Republic (^a republic in north central Europe on the Baltic; established by the Soviet Union in 1954; reunified with West Germany in 1990^)
   ^  #European_country,
   m  #East_German;


#Oder_River__Oder (^a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Germany  #Poland;


#Neckar_River__Neckar (^a river in Germany; rises in the Black Forest and flows north into the Rhine^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Germany;


#Thuringia (^a historical region of southern Germany^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Germany;


#Ruhr_Valley__Ruhr (^a major industrial and coal mining region in the valley of the Ruhr river in northwestern Germany^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Germany;


#Prussia__Preussen (^a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland; "in the 19th century Prussia led the economic and political unification of the German states"^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Brandenburg,
   m  #Prussian,
   P  #Germany  #Poland;


#Palatinate__Pfalz (^a territory in southwestern Germany formerly ruled by the counts palatine^)
   ^  #district,
   P  #Germany;


#Wurzburg__Wuerzburg (^a city of south central Germany^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Stuttgart (^a city in southwestern Germany famous for innovative architecture^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Nuremberg__Nurnberg (^a city in southeastern Germany; site of Allied trials of Nazi war criminals (1945-46)^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Munich__Muenchen (^the capital and largest city of Bavaria in southeastern Germany^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Mannheim (^a city in southwestern Germany at the confluence of the Rhine and Neckar rivers^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Hannover__Hanover (^a port city in northwestern Germany^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Germany;


#Frankfurt_on_the_Main__Frankfurt__Frankfort (^a German city; an industrial and commercial and financial center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Essen (^a city in western Germany; industrial center of the Ruhr^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Dusseldorf (^an industrial city in western Germany on the Rhine^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Braunschweig__Brunswick (^a city in central Germany^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Bonn (^a city in western Germany on the Rhine River; was the capital of West Germany between 1949 and 1989^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Weimar (^a German city near Leipzig; scene of the adoption in 1919 of the constitution of the Weimar Republic that lasted until 1933^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Solingen (^a city in west central Germany noted for cutlery^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Leipzig (^a city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Dresden (^a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Berlin__German_capital (^capital of Germany located in eastern Germany^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #West_Berlin,
   m  #Berliner,
   P  #Germany;


#Aachen__Aix-la-Chapelle (^a city in western Germany near the Dutch and Belgian borders; formerly it was Charlemagne's northern capital^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Germany;


#Lower_Saxony (^a state in northwestern Germany^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #Germany;


#Uppsala__Upsala (^a city is east central Sweden north northwest of Stockholm^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sweden;


#Goteborg__Goeteborg__Gothenburg (^a port in southwestern Sweden; second largest city in Sweden^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Sweden;


#Lund (^a city in southeastern Sweden^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sweden;


#Malmo (^a port in southern Sweden^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Sweden;


#Stockholm__capital_of_Sweden (^the capital and largest city of Sweden; located in southern Sweden on the Baltic; "the Nobel Prize is awarded in Stockholm"^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Sweden;


#Spitsbergen__Spitzbergen (^islands in the Svalbard archipelago east of northern Greenland; belonging to Norway^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Svalbard;


#Lindeness__Naze (^a cape at the southern tip of Norway^)
   ^  #ness,
   P  #Norway;


#Trondheim__Nidaros (^a port in central Norway on Trondheim Fjord^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Norway;


#Stavanger (^a port city in southwestern Norway; center for shipbuilding industry^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Norway;


#Oslo__Christiania__capital_of_Norway (^the capital and largest city of Norway; the country's main port; located at the head of a fjord on Norway's southern coast^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Norway;


#Lofoten (^a string of islands off the northwestern coast of Norway in the Norwegian Sea^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Norway  #Norwegian_Sea;


#Svalbard (^a Norwegian archipelago in the Arctic Ocean^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Spitsbergen,
   P  #Norway  #Arctic_Ocean;


#Malabo (^the capital and largest city of Equatorial Guinea on the island of Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Bioko;


#Bioko (^an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Equatorial Guinea^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Malabo,
   P  #Equatorial_Guinea  #Gulf_of_Guinea;


#Equatorial_Guinea__Republic_of_Equitorial_Guinea__Spanish_Guinea (^a country of west central Africa (including islands in the Gulf of Guinea); became independent from Spain in 1968^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Bioko,
   P  #Africa;


#Roseau (^the capital and largest city of Dominica^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Commonwealth_of_Dominica;


#Djibouti.capital__capital_of_Djibouti (^port city on the Gulf of Aden; the capital and largest city of Djibouti^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Djibouti;


#Viborg (^a town of Denmark in north central Jutland^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Denmark;


#Aalborg__Alborg (^a city and port in northern Jutland^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Denmark;


#Arhus__Aarhus (^port city of Denmark in eastern Jutland^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Denmark;


#Copenhagen__Kobenhavn__Danish_capital (^the capital and largest city of Denmark; located on the island of Zealand; sometimes called the Paris of the North^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Denmark;


#Zealand__Seeland__Sjaelland (^the largest island of Denmark and the site of Copenhagen^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Zealander,
   P  #Denmark;


#Jutland__Jylland (^peninsula in northern Europe that forms the continental part of Denmark and a northern part of Germany^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Denmark;


#Scandinavian_Peninsula__Scandinavia (^the peninsula in northern Europe occupied by Norway and Sweden^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   P  #Europe;


#Scandinavia (^a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe; Finland and Iceland are sometimes considered Scandinavian^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Denmark  #Norway  #Sweden  #Scandinavian,
   P  #Europe;


#northern_Europe (^the northernmost countries of Europe^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Europe;


#Lome__capital_of_Togo (^capital and largest city of Togo; located in the south on the Gulf of Guinea^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Togo;


#Togo__Togolese_Republic (^a republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly part of French West Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Lome,
   m  #Ewe.African  #Togolese,
   P  #Africa;


#Cotonou (^chief port of Benin on the Bight of Benin^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Benin;


#Porto_Novo__capital_of_Benin (^the capital of Benin in southwestern part of country on a coastal lagoon^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Benin;


#Benin__Republic_of_Benin__Dahomey (^a country on western coast of Africa; formerly part of French West Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Porto_Novo  #Cotonou  #Niger_River,
   m  #Beninese  #Ewe.African,
   P  #Africa;


#Bratislava__capital_of_Slovakia__Pressburg__Pozsony (^capital and largest city of Slovakia^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Slovakia;


#Slovakia__Slovak_Republic (^a landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from the Czech Republic in 1993^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Bratislava,
   m  #Slovak.European,
   P  #Europe;


#Bohemia (^a historical area and former kingdom in the Czech Republic^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Czechoslovakia (^a former republic in central Europe; divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Danube_River,
   m  #Czechoslovakian,
   P  #Europe;


#Prague__Praha__Prag__Czech_capital (^capital and largest city of the Czech Republic^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Czech_Republic;


#Czech_Republic (^a landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from Slovakia in 1993^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Prague  #Austerlitz,
   m  #Czech.European,
   p  #Bohemian,
   P  #Europe;


#Nicosia__capital_of_Cyprus (^the capital and largest city of Cyprus^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Cyprus;


#Republic_of_Cyprus__Cyprus (^a country on the island of Cyprus; 80% of the people are of Greek origin and 20% or Turkish origin^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Nicosia,
   P  #Cyprus;


#Cyprus (^an island in the eastern Mediterranean^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Republic_of_Cyprus,
   m  #Cypriot,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#Port_of_Spain__Port-of-Spain__capital_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago (^the capital and largest city of Trinidad and Tobago on the west coast of the island of Trinidad^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Trinidad;


#Bridgetown__capital_of_Barbados (^capital of Barbados; a port city on the southwestern coast of Barbados^)
   ^  #capital_city  #port,
   P  #Barbados.country;


#United_States_Virgin_Islands__American_Virgin_Islands__VI (^more than 130 southeastern Virgin Islands; a dependent territory of the United States^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion,
   P  #Virgin_Islands;


#British_Virgin_Islands (^more than 40 northeastern Virgin Islands (15 inhabited); a dependent territory of the United Kingdom^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion,
   P  #Virgin_Islands;


#Montego_Bay (^port and resort city in northwestern Jamaica^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Jamaica.country;


#Kingston.Jamaica__capital_of_Jamaica__Jamaican_capital (^capital and largest city of Jamaica^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Jamaica.country;


#San_Juan (^the capital and largest city of Puerto Rico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico;


#Puerto_Rico__Porto_Rico (^the smallest and easternmost of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico;


#Santiago_de_los_Caballeros__Santiago (^city in the northern Dominican Republic^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Dominican_Republic;


#Santo_Domingo__Ciudad_Trujillo__capital_of_the_Dominican_Republic (^the capital and largest city of the Dominican Republic^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Dominican_Republic;


#Port-au-Prince__Haitian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Haiti^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Haiti;


#Guantanamo (^city in southeastern Cuba; site of a United States Naval Station^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Republic_of_Cuba;


#Santiago_de_Cuba__Santiago (^port city in southeastern Chile; industrial center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Republic_of_Cuba;


#Havana__capital_of_Cuba__Cuban_capital (^capital and largest city of Cuba; located in western Cuba; one of the oldest cities in the Americas^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Cuba;


#Martinique (^an island in the eastern Caribbean in the Windward Islands; administered as an overseas region of France^)
   ^  #island  #French_region,
   P  #Windward_Islands;


#Dominica (^a volcanic island in the Windward Islands that was once a stronghold of the Carib Indians^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Commonwealth_of_Dominica,
   P  #Windward_Islands;


#Guadeloupe (^an island territory of France located in the eastern West Indies; tourism is the major industry^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Leeward_Islands;


#Saint_Martin__St._Martin__Saint_Maarten__St._Maarten (^an island in the western Leeward Islands; administered jointly by France and the Netherlands^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Leeward_Islands;


#Saint_Eustatius__St._Eustatius (^an island in the Netherlands Antilles^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Netherlands_Antilles;


#Saba (^a island in the Netherlands Antilles that is the top of an extinct volcano^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Netherlands_Antilles;


#Curacao (^a popular island resort in the Netherlands Antilles^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Netherlands_Antilles;


#Bonaire (^a popular island resort in the Netherlands Antilles^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Netherlands_Antilles;


#Aruba (^a popular island resort in the Netherlands Antilles^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Netherlands_Antilles;


#Windward_Islands (^a group of islands in the southeastern West Indies^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Dominica  #Martinique  #Grenada  #St._Lucia  #Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines,
   P  #Lesser_Antilles;


#Leeward_Islands (^a group of islands in the eastern West Indies^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Antigua_and_Barbuda  #Saint_Martin  #Guadeloupe  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis,
   P  #Lesser_Antilles;


#Netherlands_Antilles (^a group of islands in the Lesser Antilles just north of Venezuela that are administered by The Netherlands^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Aruba  #Bonaire  #Curacao  #Saba  #Saint_Eustatius,
   P  #Lesser_Antilles;


#Jamaica (^an island in the West Indies south of Cuba and west of Haiti^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Jamaica.country,
   m  #Jamaican,
   P  #Greater_Antilles;


#Hispaniola__Haiti__Hayti (^an island in the West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Haiti  #Dominican_Republic,
   P  #Greater_Antilles;


#Cuba (^the largest island in the West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Santiago  #Republic_of_Cuba,
   P  #Greater_Antilles;


#Lesser_Antilles__Caribees (^a group of islands in the southeastern West Indies^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Netherlands_Antilles  #Leeward_Islands  #Windward_Islands  #Barbados,
   P  #Antilles;


#Greater_Antilles (^a group of islands in the western West Indies^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Cuba  #Hispaniola  #Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico  #Jamaica,
   P  #Antilles;


#Tobago (^island in West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Tobagonian,
   P  #West_Indies  #Trinidad_and_Tobago;


#Trinidad (^island in West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Port_of_Spain,
   P  #West_Indies  #Trinidad_and_Tobago;


#Virgin_Islands (^a group of islands in northeastern West Indies (east of Puerto Rico) discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1493; owned by United States and Britain^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Virgin_Islands_National_Park  #British_Virgin_Islands  #United_States_Virgin_Islands,
   P  #West_Indies;


#Antilles (^a group of islands in the West Indies^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Greater_Antilles  #Lesser_Antilles,
   P  #West_Indies;


#Caribbean_Island (^an island in the Caribbean Sea^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Caribbean_Sea;


#Guadalupe_Island (^a Mexican island in the Pacific west of Baja California^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Tijuana (^a Mexican City just south of San Diego on the Lower California peninsula; popular among American tourists for racetracks and bullfights^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Lower_California;


#chihuahua (^a city in northern Mexico in the state of Chihuahua; commercial center of northern Mexico^)
   ^  #city;


#Chihuahua.state (^a state in northern Mexico; mostly high plateau^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district;


#Sierra_Madre_Oriental (^a mountain range in northeastern Mexico the runs parallel to the the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Mexico;


#Sierra_Madre_Occidental (^a mountain range in northwestern Mexico that runs south from Arizona parallel to the Pacific coastline^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #Mexico;


#Rio_Grande__Rio_Bravo (^a North American river; boundary between the United States and Mexico; flows into Gulf of Mexico^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Mexico  #USA;


#Lower_California__Baja_California (^a mountainous peninsula on northwest Mexico^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Tijuana,
   P  #Mexico;


#Gulf_of_California__Sea_of_Cortes (^a gulf west of Mexico^)
   ^  #gulf,
   P  #Mexico;


#Nevado_de_Colima__Colima__Volcan_de_Colima (^an active volcano in southwestern Mexico^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Mexico;


#Citlaltepetl__Mount_Orizaba__Mt_Orizaba__Pico_de_Orizaba (^an extinct volcano in southern Mexico between Mexico City and Veracruz; the highest peak in Mexico (18,695 feet)^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Mexico;


#Villahermosa (^a city in southeastern Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Veracruz (^a major Mexican port on the Gulf of Mexico in the state of Veracruz^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Mexico;


#Tuxtla_Gutierrez (^a city in southeastern Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Torreon (^a city in northern Mexico west of Monterrey^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Tampico (^a port city in eastern Mexico^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Mexico;


#Tepic (^a city in west central Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#San_Luis_Potosi (^a city in central Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Puebla_de_Zaragoza__Puebla__Heroica_Puebla_de_Zaragoza (^a city in south central Mexico (southeast of Mexico City) on the edge of central Mexican plateau^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Orizaba (^a city of east central Mexico (west of Veracruz); a popular resort^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Oaxaca_de_Juarez__Oaxaca (^a city of southeastern Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Nogales.northern_Mexico (^a town in northern Mexico on the border of Arizona^)
   ^  #town,
   P  #Mexico;


#Monterrey (^an industrial city in northeastern Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Mexico_City__Ciudad_de_Mexico__Mexican_capital__capital_of_Mexico (^the capital and largest city of Mexico is a political and cultural and commercial and industrial center; one of the world's largest cities^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Mexico;


#Mexicali (^a city in northwestern Mexico near the California border^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Mazatlan (^a port city in western Mexico on the Pacific Ocean; tourist center^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Mexico;


#Matamoros (^a city in northeastern Mexico opposite Brownsville near the mouth of the Rio Grande^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Leon.Mexico (^a city in central Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Hermosillo (^a city in northwestern Mexico near the Gulf of California^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Guadalajara (^a city in southwestern Mexico; a popular health resort and site of architecture from the Spanish colonial era^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Durango__Victoria_de_Durango (^a city in north central Mexico; mining center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Culiacan (^a city in northwestern Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Ciudad_Victoria (^a city in east central Mexico^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Juarez__Ciudad_Juarez (^a city in northern Mexico on the Rio Grande opposite El Paso^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Mexico;


#Acapulco_de_Juarez__Acapulco (^a port and fashionable resort city on southern Mexico's Pacific coast; known for beaches and water sports (including cliff diving)^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Mexico;


#Cancun (^a popular island resort off the northeastern tip of the Yucatan peninsula^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Yucatan_Peninsula;


#Campeche (^Mexican city on the Bay of Campeche^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Yucatan_Peninsula;


#Merida (^the capital of the Mexican state of Yucatan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Yucatan_Peninsula;


#Yucatan_Peninsula__Yucatan (^a peninsula in Central America extending into the Gulf of Mexico between the Bay of Campeche and the Caribbean Sea^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Merida  #Campeche  #Cancun,
   P  #Mexico;


#Colon__Aspinwall (^a port city at the Caribbean entrance to the Panama Canal^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Panama;


#Panama_City.Panama__capital_of_Panama__Panamanian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Panama^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Panama;


#Managua__capital_of_Nicaragua__Nicaraguan_capital (^the capital and largest city of Managua^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Nicaragua;


#Santa_Ana.Salvador (^a city in western El Salvador^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Salvador;


#San_Salvador__Salvadoran_capital (^the capital and largest city of El Salvador; has suffered from recurrent earthquakes^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Salvador;


#San_Pedro_Sula (^industrial city in northwestern Honduras^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Honduras;


#Tegucigalpa__Honduran_capital (^the capital and largest city of Honduras^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Honduras;


#Fuego (^a volcano in south central Guatemala^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Guatemala;


#Guatemala_City__capital_of_Guatemala (^the capital and largest city of Guatemala^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Guatemala;


#Yamoussukro (^capital of the Ivory Coast^)
   ^  #national_capital;


#Abidjan (^city recognized by the United States as the capital of the Ivory Coast; largest city of the Ivory Coast^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Ivory_Coast;


#Ivory_Coast__Cote_d'Ivoire__Republic_of_Cote_d'Ivoire (^a republic in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; one of the most prosperous and politically stable countries in Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Abidjan,
   P  #Africa;


#San_Jose.Costa_Rica__capital_of_Costa_Rica (^the capital and largest city of Costa Rica^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Costa_Rica;


#Nicaragua__Republic_of_Nicaragua (^a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #Managua,
   m  #Nicaraguan,
   P  #Central_America;


#Belize__British_Honduras (^a country on the northeastern coast of Central America on the Caribbean; formerly under British control^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   P  #Central_America;


#Central_America (^the part of North America south of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Central_American_country  #Costa_Rica  #Guatemala  #Belize  #Honduras  #Salvador  #Nicaragua,
   m  #Central_American,
   L  #Latin_America,
   P  #North_America;


#Lubumbashi__Elisabethville (^a city in southeastern Congo near the border with Zambia; a copper mining center; former name (until 1966) was Elisabethville^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Congo;


#Kinshasa__Leopoldville (^the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the Congo river opposite Brazzaville^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Congo;


#Kananga__Luluabourg (^a city in southwestern Congo; former name (until 1966) was Luluabourg^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Congo;


#Congo__Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo__Zaire__Belgian_Congo (^a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Kananga  #Kinshasa  #Lubumbashi  #Congo_River  #Kasai_River  #Lake_Kivu,
   m  #Congolese  #Zairese,
   P  #Africa;


#Brazzaville (^the capital and largest city of the Republic of Congo^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_the_Congo;


#Republic_of_the_Congo__French_Congo (^a republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Brazzaville,
   P  #Africa;


#Comoros__Federal_Islamic_Republic_of_the_Comoros (^a country on the Comoro Islands^)
   ^  #country,
   P  #Comoro_Islands;


#Comoro_Islands__Iles_Comores (^three main islands and numerous islets in the Indian Ocean between Mozambique and Madagascar^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Comoros,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Orinoco_River__Orinoco (^a South American river 1,500 miles long; flows into the South Atlantic^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Colombia  #Venezuela;


#Purace (^an inactive volcano in the Andes in southern Colombia; last erupted in 1950^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Colombia;


#Galeras__Pasto (^an active volcano in southeastern Colombia in the Andes^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Colombia;


#Cartagena (^a port city in northwestern Colombia on the Caribbean^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Colombia;


#Medellin (^city in western Colombia; important coffee center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Colombia;


#Cali (^city in southwestern Colombia in a rich agricultural area^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Colombia;


#Bogota__capital_of_Colombia (^capital and largest city of Colombia; located in central Colombia on a high fertile plain^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Colombia;


#Vietnam__Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam__Viet_Nam__Annam (^a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Dien_Bien_Phu  #Vietnam_War  #Hanoi  #Ho_Chi_Minh_City  #Haiphong,
   m  #Vietnamese,
   P  #Indochina;


#Thailand__Kingdom_of_Thailand__Siam (^country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the isthmus of Kra to the Malay peninsula; "Thailand is the official name of the former Siam"^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Bangkok  #Chao_Phraya  #Mekong_River  #Nan_River  #Ping_River,
   m  #Thai,
   P  #Indochina  #Malay_Peninsula;


#Malaysia__Malaya (^a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #East_Malaysia  #West_Malaysia,
   m  #Malayan  #Malaysian,
   P  #Indochina;


#Laos__Lao_People's_Democratic_Republic (^a mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Vientiane  #Mekong_River,
   m  #Laotian,
   P  #Indochina;


#French_Indochina (^the French colonies of Cambodia and Laos and Vietnam were formerly organized as French Indochina^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Indochina;


#Macao__Macau (^a Portuguese province on the south coast of China and two islands in the South China Sea; reverts to China in 1999^)
   ^  #territorial_dominion;


#Taichung (^a city in Taiwan^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Taiwan;


#Taipei__capital_of_Taiwan (^the capital of Nationalist China; located in northern Taiwan^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Taiwan;


#Taiwan__China__Nationalist_China__Republic_of_China (^a government on the island of Taiwan established in 1949 by Chiang Kai-shek after the conquest of mainland China by the communists led by Mao Zedong^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Taipei  #Taichung,
   m  #Chinese.Asian  #Taiwanese,
   P  #South_China_Sea;


#Formosa__Taiwan (^an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #South_China_Sea;


#Lanzhou__Lanchou__Lanchow (^the capital city of the Chinese province of Gansu on the Yellow River^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Gansu;


#Forbidden_City (^a walled section of Beijing that encloses the Imperial Palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China^)
   ^  #section.area,
   P  #Beijing;


#Turkistan__Turkestan (^a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia;


#Zhu_Jiangi__Canton_River__Chu_Kiang (^a river in southeast China that flows into the South China Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #China;


#Chang_Jiang__Chang__Yangtze__Yangtze_River__Yangtze_Kiang (^the longest river of Asia; flows eastward from Tibet into the East China Sea near Shanghai^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #China;


#Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan (^a major mountain range of central Asia; extends 1,500 miles^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Pobeda_Peak,
   P  #China  #India  #Russia;


#Kunlun_Mountains__Kunlun__Kuenlun__Kuenlun_Mountains (^a mountain range in China^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Muztagh_Ata  #Ulugh_Muztagh,
   P  #China;


#Huang_He__Hwang_Ho__Yellow_River (^a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #China;


#Brahmaputra_River__Brahmaputra (^an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #China  #Bangladesh  #India;


#Amur_River__Amur__Heilong_Jiang (^an Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #China  #Russia;


#Hong_Kong (^a British Crown Colony on the coast of southern China; leased by China to Britain in 1842 and returned in 1997; one of the world's leading commercial centers^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Great_Wall_of_China__Great_Wall (^a wall in northern China built for defensive purposes during the 3rd century BC; 1,500 miles long and averaging 6 meters wide^)
   ^  #wall,
   P  #China;


#Hangzhou__Hangchow (^a city of eastern China on Hangzhou Bay (an inlet of the East China Sea); regarded by Marco Polo as the finest city in the world^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Luoyang__Loyang (^a city in east central China; the capital of ancient China during several dynasties^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Xian__Sian__Singan__Changan__Hsian (^a city of central China; capital of ancient Chinese empire 221-206 BC^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Chongqing__Chungking (^a city in south-central China on the Chang Jiang; a commercial center for western China^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Nanjing__Nanking (^a city in eastern China on the Yangtze River; a former capital of China; the scene of a Japanese massacre in the 1930s^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Tianjin__Tientsin__T'ien-ching (^a major industrial center in northeastern China on the Grand Canal near the Yellow Sea; 3rd largest city in China^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Shenyang__Mukden__Moukden__Fengtien (^a city in northeastern China^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Nanning__Nan-ning (^an industrial city in southern China^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Nanchang__Nan-chang (^a walled city in southeastern China on the Gan Jiang^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Guangzhou__Canton__Kuangchou__Kwangchow (^a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China; a major deep-water port^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Shanghai (^the largest city of China; located in the east on the Pacific; one of the largest ports in the world^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #China;


#Yunnan (^a province of southern China^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #China;


#Szechwan__Sichuan__Szechuan (^a populous province of south central China^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #China;


#Hebei__Hopei__Hopeh (^a populous province in northeastern China^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   P  #China;


#Beijing__Peking__Peiping__capital_of_Red_China (^capital of the People's Republic of China in the Hebei province in northeastern China; 2nd largest Chinese city^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   p  #Forbidden_City,
   P  #China;


#China__People's_Republic_of_China__mainland_China__Communist_China__Red_China__PRC (^a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Chinese_Revolution  #Chino-Japanese_War  #Manchuria  #Beijing  #Gansu  #Hebei  #Szechwan  #Yunnan  #Shanghai  #Guangzhou  #Nanchang  #Nanning  #Shenyang  #Tianjin  #Nanjing  #Chongqing  #Xian  #Luoyang  #Hangzhou  #Great_Wall_of_China  #Hong_Kong  #Amur_River  #Brahmaputra_River  #Gan_Jiang  #Huang_He  #Kunlun_Mountains  #Mekong_River  #Nan_Ling  #Tien_Shan  #Chang_Jiang  #Zhu_Jiangi,
   m  #Chinese.Asian,
   =  #Cathay,
   P  #Asia;


#Manchuria (^a region in northeastern China^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Port_Arthur,
   P  #China;


#Concepcion (^an industrial city in Chile south of Santiago^)
   ^  #city;


#Tupungatito (^an inactive volcano in central Chile; last erupted in 1959^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Chile;


#Lascar (^a volcano in the Andes in Chile^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Chile;


#Guallatiri (^the world's highest volcano; in the Andes in northern Chile; last erupted in 1959^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Chile;


#Atacama_Desert (^a desert in northern Chile rich in nitrate and copper deposits^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Chile;


#Valparaiso (^the chief port and second largest city of Chile; located on a wide harbor in central Chile^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Chile;


#Cape_Horn (^a rocky headland belonging to Chile at the southernmost tip of South America (south of Tierra del Fuego)^)
   ^  #ness  #promontory,
   P  #Chile;


#Gran_Santiago__Santiago__Santiago_de_Chile__capital_of_Chile (^the capital and largest city of Chile; located in central Chile; one of the largest cities in South America^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Chile;


#Punta_Arenas (^a city in southern Chile on the Strait of Magellan; the southernmost city in the world^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Chile;


#Antofagasta (^a port city on the Pacific in northern Chile^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Chile;


#Vina_del_Mar (^a resort city on the Pacific in central Chile^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Chile;


#Chiloe (^the largest Chilean island and the only one to be settled; located off south-central Chile^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Chile;


#N'Djamena__Ndjamena__Fort-Lamy__capital_of_Chad (^the capital and largest city of Chad; located in the southwestern on the Shari river^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Chad;


#Republic_of_Chad__Chad__Tchad (^a landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #N'Djamena,
   m  #Chadian,
   P  #Africa;


#Kandy (^a city of central Sri Lanka that was the last capital of the ancient kings of Ceylon; a resort and religious center^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Sri_Lanka;


#Colombo__capital_of_Sri_Lanka (^the capital and largest city of Sri Lanka; one of the largest harbors in the world; located on the western coast of the island^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Sri_Lanka;


#Sri_Lanka__Democratic_Socialist_Republic_of_Sri_Lanka__Ceylon (^a republic on an the island of Ceylon; became independent of the United Kingdom in 1948^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Colombo  #Kandy  #Adam's_Peak,
   m  #Sinhalese  #Sri_Lankan;


#Ceylon (^an island in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of India^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Indian_Ocean;


#Bangui__capital_of_Central_Africa (^the capital and largest city of the Central Africa Republic^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Central_African_Republic;


#Central_African_Republic__Central_Africa (^a landlocked country in central Africa; formerly under French control; became independent in 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Bangui,
   P  #Africa;


#Falkland_Islands (^a group of over 100 islands in the southern Atlantic off the coast of Argentina; a British crown colony^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Praia__Cidade_de_Praia__capital_of_Cape_Verde (^the capital of Cape Verde on Sao Tiago Island^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Cape_Verde;


#Sao_Tiago_Island (^largest of the Cape Verde Islands in the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Cape_Verde_Islands;


#Cape_Verde__Republic_of_Cape_Verde (^an island country in the Atlantic off the coast of Senegal^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Praia,
   P  #Cape_Verde_Islands;


#Cape_Verde_Islands (^a group of islands in the Atlantic off of the coast of Senegal^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Cape_Verde  #Sao_Tiago_Island,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Cameroon (^an inactive volcano in western Cameroon; highest peak on the West African coast^)
   ^  #volcano,
   P  #Republic_of_Cameroon;


#Douala (^the largest city of Cameroon^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Republic_of_Cameroon;


#Yaounde__capital_of_Cameroon (^the capital of Cameroon^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Republic_of_Cameroon;


#Republic_of_Cameroon__Cameroon__Cameroun (^a republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Yaounde  #Douala  #Cameroon,
   m  #Cameroonian,
   P  #Africa;


#Phnom_Penh__Pnom_Penh__Cambodian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Kampuchea^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Cambodia;


#Cambodia__Kingdom_of_Cambodia__Kampuchea (^a nation in Asia; was part of Indochina under French rule until 1946^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Phnom_Penh  #Mekong_River,
   m  #Cambodian,
   P  #Indochina;


#Bujumbura__Usumbura__capital_of_Burundi (^the capital and largest city of Burundi; "Usumbura was renamed Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962"^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Burundi;


#Burundi__Republic_of_Burundi (^a landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Bujumbura,
   m  #Burundian,
   P  #Africa;


#Mekong_River__Mekong (^an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Myanmar  #Cambodia  #China  #Laos  #Thailand;


#Mandalay (^a city in central Myanmar north of Rangoon^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Myanmar;


#Yangon__Rangoon (^the capital and largest city of Myanmar; located in the south near the Irrawaddy river delta^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Myanmar;


#Myanmar__Union_of_Burma__Burma (^a mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal; "much opium is grown in Myanmar"^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Yangon  #Mandalay  #Mekong_River,
   m  #Burmese.Asian,
   P  #Indochina  #Malay_Peninsula;


#Singapore.island  (^an island south of the Malay Peninsula^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Southeast_Asia,
   L  #Singapore,
   P  #South_China_Sea;


#Republic_of_the_Philippines__Philippines (^a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Manila_Bay  #Manila  #Cebu_City,
   m  #Filipino  #Visayan,
   P  #Southeast_Asia  #Philippines;


#Indochina__Indochinese_peninsula (^a peninsula of southeastern Asia that includes Myanmar and Cambodia and Laos and Malaysia and Thailand and Vietnam^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Myanmar  #Cambodia  #French_Indochina  #Laos  #Malaysia  #Thailand  #Vietnam,
   P  #Southeast_Asia;


#Southeast_Asia (^a geographical division of Asia that includes Indochina plus Indonesia and the Philippines and Singapore^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Indochina  #Indonesia  #Republic_of_the_Philippines  #Singapore.island,
   P  #Asia;


#Danube_River__Danube (^the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Bulgaria  #Czechoslovakia  #Germany  #Romania  #Yugoslavia  #Austria  #Hungary  #Ukraine;


#Plovdiv__Philippopolis (^an ancient city in southern Bulgaria; commercial center of an agricultural region^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Bulgaria;


#Sofia__Serdica__Bulgarian_capital (^capital and largest city of Bulgaria located in western Bulgaria^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Bulgaria;


#Macedonia (^landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991^)
   ^  #Balkan_country,
   p  #battle_of_Philippi  #Skopje,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Thrace (^a region and ancient country in the east of the Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea; colonized by ancient Greeks; later a Roman province; now divided between Greece and Turkey^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #battle_of_Lule_Burgas,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Macedon__Macedonia__Makedonija (^the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #battle_of_Pydna,
   m  #Macedonian,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Croatia__Republic_of_Croatia__Hrvatska (^a republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Hapsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Dubrovnik  #Split  #Zagreb,
   m  #Croatian,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Balkan_Peninsula__Balkans (^a large peninsula in southeastern Europe containing the Balkan Mountain Range^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Balkan_Wars  #Balkan_country  #Albania  #Croatia  #Macedon  #Thrace  #Macedonia  #Turkey  #Balkans,
   m  #Balkan,
   P  #Europe;


#Rhineland__Rheinland (^a picturesque region of Germany around the Rhine river^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Germany;


#Tupungato (^a mountain in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile (22,310 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile  #Andes;


#Rio_de_la_Plata__La_Plata__Plata_River (^an estuary between Argentina and Uruguay^)
   ^  #estuary,
   P  #Argentina  #Uruguay;


#Pissis (^a mountain in the Andes in Argentina (22,241 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Parana_River__Parana (^a South American river; tributary of Rio de la Plata^)
   ^  #river,
   p  #Sete_Quedas  #Urubupunga_Falls,
   P  #Argentina  #Brazil  #Paraguay;


#Ojos_del_Salado (^a mountain in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile (22,572 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile  #Andes;


#Nacimiento (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Argentina (21,302 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Mercedario (^a mountain in the Andes in Argentina (22,210 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Llullaillaco (^a mountain in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile (22,057 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile  #Andes;


#Laudo (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Argentina (20,997 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Iguazu_Falls__Iguazu__Iguassu__Iguassu_Falls__Victoria_Falls (^a large waterfall on the border between Argentina and Brazil^)
   ^  #waterfall,
   P  #Argentina  #Brazil;


#Galan (^a mountain peak in the Andes in Argentina (21,654 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#El_Muerto (^a mountain peak in the Andes on the border between Argentina and Chile (21,457 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile  #Andes;


#Cachi (^a mountain in the Andes in Argentina (22,047 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Bonete (^a mountain in the Andes in Argentina (22,546 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Andes (^a mountain range in South America running 5000 miles along the Pacific coast^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Aconcagua  #Ancohuma  #Bonete  #Cachi  #Chimborazo  #Coropuna  #El_Libertador  #El_Muerto  #Galan  #Huascaran  #Illampu  #Illimani  #Laudo  #Llullaillaco  #Mercedario  #Nacimiento  #Ojos_del_Salado  #Pissis  #Sajama  #Tupungato  #Yerupaja,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile  #Colombia  #Ecuador  #Bolivia  #Peru;


#Aconcagua (^the highest mountain in the western hemisphere; located in the Andes in western Argentina (22,834 feet high)^)
   ^  #mountain_peak,
   P  #Argentina  #Andes;


#Tierra_del_Fuego (^an archipelago off southern South America; separated from the continent by the Strait of Magellan; islands are administered by Chile and by Argentina^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile;


#pampas (^the vast grassy plains of northern Argentina^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Argentina;


#Cordoba__Cordova (^a city in central Argentina; site of a university founded in 1613^)
   ^  #city,
   P  #Argentina;


#Buenos_Aires__capital_of_Argentina (^capital and largest city of Argentina; located in eastern Argentina near Uruguay; Argentina's chief port and industrial and cultural center^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Argentina;


#Patagonian_Desert (^a semi-arid region in southern South America^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Patagonia;


#Patagonia (^region in southern South America between the Andes and the South Atlantic^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Patagonian_Desert,
   P  #Argentina  #Chile;


#Montserrat (^a volcanic island in the Caribbean; in the West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Montserratian,
   P  #West_Indies;


#Atlantic_Ocean__Atlantic  (^the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east^)
   ^  #ocean,
   :  #Bermuda_Triangle,
   p  #Bermuda  #Cape_Verde_Islands  #Falkland_Islands  #West_Indies  #Greenland  #Newfoundland.island  #British_Isles  #Faroe_Islands  #Iceland  #Sao_Tome_and_Principe  #Tenerife  #Antarctic_Ocean  #Bay_of_Biscay  #Bay_of_Fundy  #Biscayne_Bay  #Chesapeake_Bay  #Delaware_Bay  #English_Channel  #Galway_Bay  #Gulf_of_Guinea  #Gulf_of_Mexico  #Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence  #Labrador_Sea  #Long_Island_Sound  #Massachusetts_Bay  #New_York_Bay  #North_Sea  #Norwegian_Sea  #Penobscot_Bay  #Sargasso_Sea;


#Bermuda_Triangle (^an area in the western Atlantic Ocean where many ships and planes are supposed to have been mysteriously lost^)
   ^  #area.region  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Hamilton (^the capital of Bermuda^)
   ^  #city;


#Bermuda__Bermudas (^a group of islands in the Atlantic off the Carolina coast; British colony; a popular resort^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Bermudan,
   P  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Bengal (^a region whose eastern part is Bangladesh and western part is included in India^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Atlantis (^(mythology) according to legend, an island in the Atlantic Ocean that was swallowed by an earthquake^)
   ^  #island;


#St._John's.Antigua_and_Barbuda__capital_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda__Saint_John's (^the capital and largest city of Antigua and Barbuda; located on the island of Antigua^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Antigua_and_Barbuda;


#Redonda (^an island in Antigua and Barbuda^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Antigua_and_Barbuda;


#Barbuda (^an island in Antigua and Barbuda^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Antigua_and_Barbuda;


#Antigua (^the largest of the islands comprising Antigua and Barbuda^)
   ^  #island,
   m  #Antiguan,
   P  #Antigua_and_Barbuda;


#George_Town (^the capital of the Cayman Islands^)
   ^  #capital_city,
   P  #Cayman_Islands;


#Cayman_Islands (^a British colony in the Caribbean northwest of Jamaica; an international banking center^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #George_Town,
   P  #West_Indies;


#Barbados.country (^a parliamentary democracy on the island of Barbados; former British colony; a popular resort area^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Bridgetown,
   P  #Caribbean  #Barbados;


#Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico__Puerto_Rico__Porto_Rico__PR (^a self-governing commonwealth associated with the United States occupying the island of Puerto Rico^)
   ^  #commonwealth,
   p  #Puerto_Rico  #San_Juan,
   P  #Caribbean  #Greater_Antilles;


#West_Indies__the_Indies (^the string of islands between North and South America; a popular resort area^)
   ^  #archipelago,
   p  #Anguilla  #Cayman_Islands  #Montserrat  #Antilles  #Virgin_Islands  #Trinidad  #Tobago  #Bahamas,
   m  #Anguillan  #West_Indian,
   P  #Caribbean  #Atlantic_Ocean;


#Caribbean (^region including the Caribbean islands^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Antigua_and_Barbuda  #West_Indies  #Republic_of_Cuba  #Haiti  #Dominican_Republic  #Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico  #Jamaica.country  #Barbados.country  #Trinidad_and_Tobago  #Commonwealth_of_Dominica  #Bahamas  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis  #St._Lucia  #Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines;


#Aran_Islands (^three small islands belonging to Ireland at the entrance to Galway Bay^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #Ireland  #Galway_Bay;


#Anguilla (^a British colony in the West Indies^)
   ^  #island,
   P  #West_Indies;


#Zambezi_River__Zambezi (^an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean^)
   ^  #river,
   p  #Victoria_Falls,
   P  #Angola  #Mozambique  #Zambia  #Zimbabwe;


#Luanda__Angolan_capital (^port city on Atlantic coast; the capital and largest city of Angola^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Angola;


#Angola__Republic_of_Angola (^a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Luanda  #Kasai_River  #Zambezi_River,
   m  #Angolan,
   P  #Africa;


#Constantine (^a walled city in northeastern Algeria east of Algiers; was destroyed in warfare in the 4th century and rebuilt by Constantine I^)
   ^  #city;


#Oran (^a port city in northwestern Algeria and the country's 2nd largest city^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Algeria;


#Algiers__Algerian_capital (^an ancient port on the Mediterranean; the capital and largest city of Algeria^)
   ^  #national_capital  #port,
   P  #Algeria;


#Epirus (^an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwest Greece and southern Albania^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Albania  #Greece;


#Durres__Durazzo (^port city in western Albania on the Adriatic^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   P  #Albania;


#Tirana__Albanian_capital (^the capital and largest city of Albania in the center of the country^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Albania;


#Albania__Republic_of_Albania (^a republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula^)
   ^  #Balkan_country,
   p  #Tirana  #Durres  #Epirus,
   m  #Albanian.European,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Illyria (^an uncertain region on the east shore of the Adriatic where an ancient Indo-European people once lived^)
   ^  #geographical_area;


#Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush (^a mountain range extending west of the Himalayas^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Tirich_Mir,
   P  #Afghanistan  #Pakistan;


#Kabul__capital_of_Afghanistan (^the capital and largest city of Afghanistan; located in eastern Afghanistan^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Afghanistan;


#Afghanistan__Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan (^a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south; "Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan in 1979"^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Kabul  #Hindu_Kush_Mountains,
   m  #Afghan,
   P  #Asia;


#Ionia (^region of western Asia Minor colonized by Ancient Greeks^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Troy__Ilion__Ilium (^an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War^)
   ^  #city,
   m  #Trojan,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Lydia (^an ancient region on the coast of western Asia Minor; a powerful kingdom until conquered by the Persians in 546 BC^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Lycia (^an ancient region on the coast of southwest Asia Minor^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Aeolis__Aeolia (^ancient name for the coastal region of northwestern Asia Minor (including Lesbos)^)
   ^  #seashore,
   p  #Lesbos,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Pontus (^an ancient region of northern Asia Minor on the Black Sea; it reached its height under Mithridates VI but was later incorporated into the Roman Empire^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Phrygia (^an ancient country in west central Asia Minor^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Namib_Desert (^a desert in Namibia extending along the coast between the high plateau and the Atlantic Ocean^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Namibia;


#Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari (^a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana^)
   ^  #desert,
   P  #Namibia  #Botswana  #South_Africa;


#Windhoek (^capital of Namibia in the center of the country^)
   ^  #national_capital,
   P  #Namibia;


#Namibia__Republic_of_Namibia (^a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia form part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Windhoek  #Kalahari_Desert  #Namib_Desert,
   m  #Namibian,
   P  #Africa;


#European_mainland__Continent  (^the European mainland; "Englishmen like to visit the Continent but they wouldn't like to live there"^)
   ^  #region,
   P  #Europe;


#Pisces_the_Fishes__Pisces (^the twelfth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from February 19 to March 20^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Aquarius_the_Water_Bearer__Aquarius__Water_Bearer (^the eleventh sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from January 20 to February 18^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Capricorn__Capricon_the_Goat (^the tenth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from December 22 to January 19^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Sagittarius_the_Archer__Sagittarius (^the ninth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from November 22 to December 21^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Scorpio_the_Scorpion__Scorpio (^the eighth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from October 23 to November 21^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Libra_the_Balance__Libra__Libra_the_Scales (^the seventh sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from September 23 to October 22^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Virgo_the_Virgin__Virgo (^the sixth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from August 23 to September 22^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Leo_the_Lion__Leo (^the fifth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from July 23 to August 22^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Cancer_the_Crab__Cancer (^the fourth sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from June 21 to July 22^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Gemini_the_Twins__Gemini (^the third sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from May 21 to June 20^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Taurus_the_Bull__Taurus (^the second sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from April 20 to May 20^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Aries_the_Ram__Aries (^the first sign of the zodiac; the sun is in this sign from March 21 to April 19^)
   ^  #sign_of_the_zodiac;


#Taurus (^a zodiacal constellation in the northern hemisphere near Orion; between Aries and Gemini^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Aldebaran  #Crab_Nebula  #Pleiades,
   P  #zodiac.region;


#Scorpius__Scorpio (^a large zodiacal constellation between Libra and Sagittarius^)
   ^  #constellation,
   m  #Antares,
   P  #zodiac.region;


#Capricornus__Capricorn (^a faint zodiacal constellation in the southern hemisphere; between Sagittarius and Aquarius^)
   ^  #constellation,
   P  #zodiac.region;


#Wild_West_USA  (^the western United States during its frontier period^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   l  #West_USA;


#West_USA  (^the region of the United States lying to the west of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Santa_Fe_Trail  #Southwest_USA  #Northwest_USA,
   L  #Wild_West_USA,
   P  #USA;


#Gansu__Kansu (^a province in north-central China; formerly part of the Silk Road to Turkistan and India and Persia^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   p  #Lanzhou,
   P  #Silk_Road  #China;


#Silk_Road (^an ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean (4,000 miles); followed by Marco Polo in the 13th century to reach Cathay^)
   ^  #trade_route,
   p  #Gansu;


#Great_Divide__Great_Dividing_Range (^that part of the continental divide formed by the Rocky Mountains in the United States^)
   ^  #watershed,
   P  #continental_divide;


#Van_Allen_belt (^a belt of charged particles (resulting from cosmic rays) above the Earth trapped by the Earth's magnetic field^)
   ^  #belt.region,
   P  #Earth.terrestrial_planet;


#Tropic_of_Capricorn (^a line of latitude about 23 degrees South of the equator^)
   ^  #tropic;


#Tropic_of_Cancer (^a line of latitude about 23 degrees North of the equator^)
   ^  #tropic;


#Kampong__campong (^a native village in Malaysia^)
   ^  #village;


#Torrid_Zone__tropical_zone__tropics (^the part of the Earth's surface between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn; characterized by a hot climate^)
   ^  #climatic_zone;


#South_Temperate_Zone (^between the Antarctic Circle and the Tropic of Capricorn^)
   ^  #Temperate_Zone;


#North_Temperate_Zone (^between the Arctic Circle and the Tropic of Cancer^)
   ^  #Temperate_Zone;


#Strand (^a street in west central London famous for its theaters and hotels^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #West_End;


#South_Pole (^the southernmost point of the Earth's axis^)
   ^  #pole.geographic_point;


#South_America (^a continent in the western hemisphere connected to North America by the Isthmus of Panama^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #South_American_country  #Argentina  #Chile  #Colombia  #Ecuador  #Bolivia  #Brazil  #Guiana  #Paraguay  #Peru  #Latin_America  #Uruguay  #Venezuela,
   m  #South_American,
   P  #southern_hemisphere  #western_hemisphere,
   L  #Latin_America,
   P  #the_Americas;


#Gondwanaland (^a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into India and Australia and Africa and South America and Antarctica^)
   ^  #continent,
   P  #southern_hemisphere;


#Rubicon (^the boundary in ancient times between Italy and Gaul; Caesar's crossing it with his army in 49 BC was an act of war^)
   ^  #bounds;


#North_Pole (^the northernmost point of the Earth's axis^)
   ^  #pole.geographic_point;


#North_America (^a continent (the third largest) in the western hemisphere connected to South America by the Isthmus of Panama^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #North_American_country  #Central_America  #Mexico  #Canada  #Latin_America  #USA  #Coast_Range  #Great_Plains  #Rockies,
   m  #North_American,
   P  #northern_hemisphere  #western_hemisphere  #the_Americas;


#Laurasia (^a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into North America and Europe and Asia^)
   ^  #continent,
   P  #northern_hemisphere;


#Zion_National_Park (^a national park in Utah having huge canyons and gorges carved by mountain rivers^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Utah;


#Yosemite_National_Park (^a national park in California famous for its waterfalls and rock formations^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Yellowstone_National_Park (^the first national park in the United States; located in the border area between Wyoming and Montana and Idaho; spectacular wilderness; famous for Old Faithful geyser and for buffalo and bears^)
   ^  #national_park,
   p  #Old_Faithful,
   P  #Idaho  #Montana  #Wyoming;


#Wrangell-St._Elias_National_Park (^the largest national park of the United States; located in Alaska^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Wind_Cave_National_Park (^a national park in South Dakota featuring bison herds and limestone caverns^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#Voyageurs_National_Park (^a national park in Minnesota having ancient rock outcroppings and evergreen forests^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Minnesota;


#Virgin_Islands_National_Park (^a national park in the Virgin Islands having tropical plants and animals; sandy beaches and coral reefs^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Virgin_Islands;


#Theodore_Roosevelt_Memorial_National_Park (^a national park in North Dakota that includes the site of former President Theodore Roosevelt's ranch^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #North_Dakota;


#Shenandoah_National_Park (^a national park in Virginia for the Blue Ridge Mountains^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Virginia;


#Sequoia_National_Park (^a national park in California that includes Mount Whitney^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Rocky_Mountain_National_Park (^a national park in Colorado having mountains and lakes and streams and forests^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Colorado;


#Redwood_National_Park (^a national park in California featuring a redwood forest and Pacific Ocean coastline^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Platt_National_Park (^a national park in Oklahoma having mineral springs^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Oklahoma;


#Petrified_Forest_National_Park (^a national park in Arizona having the world's largest collection of petrified coniferous trees^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Arizona;


#Olympic_National_Park (^a national park in Washington having rain forests of giant evergreens^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Washington_State;


#North_Cascades_National_Park (^a national park in Washington that is an alpine wilderness area featuring gold rush and logging campsites^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Mount_Ranier_National_Park (^a national park in Washington having mountain terrain featuring glaciers and alpine lakes and streams and swamps^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Washington_State;


#Mesa_Verde_National_Park (^a national park in Colorado containing prehistoric cliff dwellings; semiarid landscape^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Colorado;


#Mammoth_Cave_National_Park (^a national park in Kentucky having a large cavern and an underground river^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Kentucky;


#Lassen_Volcanic_National_Park (^a national park in California having mountains and volcanic lakes and hot springs^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Lake_Clark_National_Park (^a national park in Alaska having Eskimo and Athabascan Indian archeological sites^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Kobuk_Valley_National_Park (^a national park in Alaska having mountains and forests and tundra and sand dunes and archeological sites^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Kings_Canyon_National_Park (^a national park in California that has giant sequoia trees and alpine lakes and glaciers^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Kenai_Fjords_National_Park (^a national park in Alaska having mountains and whale watching and ancient Indian copper mines^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Katmai_National_Park (^a national park in Alaska featuring mountains^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Isle_Royal_National_Park (^a national park on an island in Michigan; includes prehistoric iron mines^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Michigan;


#Hot_Springs_National_Park (^a national park in Arkansas featuring ancient hot springs; bathing is said to have therapeutic effects^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Arkansas;


#Hawaii_Volcanoes_National_Park (^a national park in Hawaii featuring active volcanoes^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Hawaii;


#Haleakala_National_Park (^a national park in Hawaii including a dormant volcano^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Hawaii;


#Guadalupe_Mountains_National_Park (^a national park in Texas that has the highest point in Texas; includes desert wilderness and the ancient Apache hunting grounds^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Texas;


#Great_Smoky_Mountains_National_Park (^a national park in Tennessee and North Carolina that includes the highest mountain in the eastern United States^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #North_Carolina  #Tennessee;


#Grand_Teton_National_Park (^a national park in Wyoming featuring mountains^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Wyoming;


#Grand_Canyon_National_Park (^a national park in Arizona including the mile deep canyon of the Colorado River which shows geologic features and fossil plants and animals^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Arizona;


#Gates_of_the_Arctic_National_Park (^a large national park in Alaska featuring the Great Mendenhall Glacier^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Everglades_National_Park (^a national park in Florida containing an immense subtropical wilderness with mangrove swamps and rare birds and wild animals^)
   ^  #national_park,
   p  #Cape_Sable.ness,
   P  #Florida;


#Denali_National_Park (^a large national park in Alaska having peaks of the Alaska Range (including Mount McKinley) and the huge Denali fault^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Alaska;


#Crater_Lake_National_Park (^a national park in Oregon having the deepest lake in the United States in the crater of an extinct volcano^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Oregon;


#Channel_Islands_National_Park (^a national park in California featuring sea birds and marine life^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #California;


#Carlsbad_Caverns_National_Park (^a national park in New Mexico featuring what is probably the world's largest cavern with spectacular underground formations^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #New_Mexico;


#Capitol_Reef_National_Park (^a national park in Utah having colorful rock formations and desert plants and wildlife^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Utah;


#Canyonlands_National_Park (^a national park in Utah having rock formations and ancient cliff dwellings; canyons of the Green River and the Colorado River^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Utah;


#Bruce_Canyon_National_Park (^a national park in Utah having multicolored rock erosions^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Utah;


#Biscayne_National_Park (^a national park in Florida having underwater coral reefs and marine life^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Florida;


#Big_Bend_National_Park (^a large national park in Texas featuring mountains and desert and canyons and wildlife^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Texas;


#Badlands_National_Park (^a national park in South Dakota having multicolored peaks and spires resulting from erosion; fossil sites^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #South_Dakota;


#Arches_National_Park (^a national park in Utah including mountains and the Colorado River gorge and huge rock formations caused by erosion^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Utah;


#Acadia_National_Park (^a national park in Maine showing marine erosion and glaciation; includes seashore and also the highest point on the Atlantic coast^)
   ^  #national_park,
   P  #Maine;


#Midgard (^the abode of humans in Norse mythology^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#Lilliput (^an imaginary land inhabited by tiny people (in Swift's Gulliver's Travels)^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#River_Styx__Styx (^(Greek mythology) a river in Hades across which Charon carried dead souls^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Hel;


#River_Lethe__Lethe (^(Greek mythology) a river in Hades; the souls of the dead had to drink from it, which made them forget all they had done and suffered when they were alive^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Hel;


#River_Cocytus__Cocytus (^(Greek mythology) a river in Hades that was said to be a tributary of the Acheron^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Hel;


#River_Acheron__Acheron (^(Greek mythology) a river in Hades across which the souls of the dead were carried by Charon^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #Hel;


#Kennelly-Heaviside_layer__Heaviside_layer__E_layer__E_region (^a region of the ionosphere (from 50 to 90 miles up) that reflects radio waves of medium length^)
   ^  #region.location,
   P  #ionosphere;


#Appleton_layer__F_layer__F_region (^the highest region of the ionosphere (from 90 to 600 miles up) that contains the highest concentration of free electrons and is most useful for long-range radio transmission^)
   ^  #region.location,
   P  #ionosphere;


#D-layer__D_region (^the lowest region of the ionosphere (35 to 50 miles up) that reflects low-frequency radio waves^)
   ^  #region.location,
   P  #ionosphere;


#Gehenna__Tartarus (^a place where the wicked are punished after death^)
   ^  #perdition;


#Fleet_Street.street (^a street in central London where newspaper offices are situated^)
   ^  #street,
   P  #London;


#Utopia__Zion__Sion (^an imaginary place considered to be perfect or ideal^)
   ^  #imaginary_place,
   :  #Erewhon;


#Erewhon (^fictitious land described in the novel Erewhon by Samuel Butler^)
   ^  #Utopia;


#Elysium__Elysian_Fields__Valhalla__paradise (^a heavenly place (peaceful and beautiful) where those who are favored by the gods can go when they die^)
   ^  #Heaven;


#El_Dorado__eldorado (^an imaginary place of great wealth and opportunity; sought in South America by 16th-century explorers^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#Garden_of_Eden__Eden (^a beautiful garden where Adam and Eve were placed at the Creation; when they disobeyed and ate the forbidden fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil they were driven from their paradise (the fall of man)^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#Asgard (^(Norse mythology) the heavenly dwelling of the Norse gods (the Aesir) and slain war heroes^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#Annwfn__Annwn (^(Welsh myth) the other world; land of fairies^)
   ^  #imaginary_place;


#Rustbelt (^urban areas in New England and Middle West characterized by concentrations of declining industries (steel or textiles)^)
   ^  #urban_area;


#Wisconsin__Badger_State__WI (^a midwestern state in north central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Appleton  #Eau_Claire  #Green_Bay  #La_Crosse  #Madison  #Milwaukee  #Racine  #Superior  #Watertown.Wisconsin  #Wausau,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Ohio__Buckeye_State__OH (^a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Akron  #Athens.Ohio  #Cleveland  #Cincinnati  #Columbus.Ohio  #Dayton  #Mansfield  #Toledo.Ohio  #Youngstown,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Nebraska__Cornhusker_State__NE (^a midwestern state on the Great Plains^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Bad_Lands  #Grand_Island  #Lincoln.Nebraska  #North_Platte  #Omaha.Nebraska  #North_Platte_River  #Platte_River,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Missouri__Show_Me_State__MO (^a midwestern state in central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Cape_Girardeau  #Columbia.Missouri  #Hannibal  #Independence  #Jefferson_City  #Kansas_City.Missouri  #Poplar_Bluff  #St._Joseph  #Saint_Louis  #Sedalia  #Springfield.Missouri  #Osage_River,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Minnesota__Gopher_State__North_Star_State__MN (^a midwestern state^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Voyageurs_National_Park  #Bemidji  #Duluth  #Hibbing  #Mankato  #Minneapolis  #Rochester.Minnesota  #Saint_Cloud  #Saint_Paul  #Virginia.Minnesota  #Mesabi_Range,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Michigan__Wolverine_State__Great_Lakes_State__MI (^a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Mackinac_Bridge  #Isle_Royal_National_Park  #Alpena  #Ann_Arbor  #Detroit  #Flint  #Grand_Rapids  #Houghton  #Jackson.Michigan  #Lansing  #Marquette  #Monroe.Michigan  #Traverse_City  #Lower_Peninsula  #Upper_Peninsula,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Kansas__Sunflower_State__KS (^a state in midwestern United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Dodge_City  #Hays  #Kansas_City.Kansas  #Lawrence  #Salina  #Topeka  #Wichita.Kansas  #Arkansas_River  #Kansas_River  #Neosho_River,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Iowa__Hawkeye_State__IA (^a state in midwestern United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Davenport  #Cedar_Rapids  #Clinton  #Des_Moines  #Dubuque  #Mason_City  #Ottumwa  #Sioux_City,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Indiana__Hoosier_State__IN (^a state in midwestern United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Bloomington  #Evansville  #Fort_Wayne  #Gary  #Indianapolis  #Lafayette.Indiana  #Muncie  #South_Bend,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Illinois__Prairie_State__Land_of_Lincoln__IL (^a Midwest state in north-central United States^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Carbondale  #Champaign  #Windy_City  #Decatur.Illinois  #East_Saint_Louis  #Moline  #Peoria  #Rockford  #Rock_Island  #Springfield.Illinois  #Urbana  #Illinois_River,
   P  #Midwest_USA;


#Midwest_USA__Middle_West_USA  (^the north central region of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Illinois  #Indiana  #Iowa  #Kansas  #Michigan  #Minnesota  #Missouri  #Nebraska  #Ohio  #Wisconsin,
   P  #USA;


#Cascades__Cascade_Range (^a mountain range in the northwestern United States extending through Washington and Oregon and northern California; a part of the Coast Range^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Mount_Saint_Helens  #Mount_Adams  #Mount_Ranier,
   P  #Northwest_USA  #Coast_Range;


#Northwest_USA  (^the northwestern region of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Cascades,
   P  #West_USA;


#Southwest_USA  (^the southwestern region of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #West_USA;


#Potomac_River__Potomac (^a river in the east central United States; rises in the Appalachian Mountains of West Virginia and flows eastward to the Chesapeake Bay^)
   ^  #river,
   P  #East_USA;


#Appalachians__Appalachian_Mountains (^a mountain range in the eastern United States extending from Quebec to the Gulf of Mexico; a historic barrier to early westward expansion of the United States^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   p  #Appalachia  #Alleghenies  #Blue_Ridge_Mountains  #Catskills  #Cumberland_Mountains  #Great_Smoky_Mountains,
   P  #East_USA;


#Alleghenies__Allegheny_Mountains (^the western part of the Appalachian Mountains; extending from northern Pennsylvania to southwestern Virginia^)
   ^  #range_of_mountains,
   P  #East_USA  #Appalachians;


#Northeast_USA  (^the northeastern region of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #East_USA;


#Southeast_USA  (^the southeastern region of the United States^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #East_USA;


#East_USA  (^the region of the United States lying north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Southeast_USA  #Northeast_USA  #Alleghenies  #Appalachians  #Potomac_River,
   P  #USA;


#Far_East (^a popular expression for the countries of eastern Asia (usually including China and Mongolia and Taiwan and Japan and Korea and Indochina and eastern Siberia)^)
   ^  #region,
   P  #Asian_countries;


#Asia  (^the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #Asian_country  #Asia_Minor  #Afghanistan  #Southeast_Asia  #China  #Turkistan  #Canaan  #Roman_Empire  #Arabian_Peninsula  #Bahrain  #Bangladesh  #Bhutan  #India  #Nepal  #Tibet  #Iran  #Persia  #Iraq  #Japan  #Jordan  #Kuwait  #Korea  #Lebanon  #Malay_Peninsula  #Mongolia  #Pakistan  #Parthia  #Armenia  #Azerbaijan  #Kazakhstan  #Kyrgystan  #Tajikistan  #Turkmenistan  #Uzbekistan  #Syria  #Ottoman_Empire  #Kura_River,
   L  #Asian_countries,
   P  #Eurasia;


#Eurasia  (^the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #Russia.empire  #USSR  #Russia  #Scythia  #Asia  #Europe,
   P  #eastern_hemisphere  #northern_hemisphere;


#Australia__Commonwealth_of_Australia  (^a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Canberra  #Australian_state  #Queensland  #New_South_Wales  #Victoria.Australian_state  #Tasmania  #South_Australia  #Western_Australia  #Northern_Territory  #Namoi_River,
   l  #Australian_continent,
   m  #Australian,
   P  #eastern_hemisphere  #southern_hemisphere;


#Africa  (^the second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the India Ocean^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #Boer_War  #Barbary  #Nubia  #African_country  #Namibia  #Algeria  #Angola  #Burundi  #Republic_of_Cameroon  #Central_African_Republic  #Republic_of_Chad  #Republic_of_the_Congo  #Congo  #Ivory_Coast  #Benin  #Togo  #Equatorial_Guinea  #Roman_Empire  #Rwanda  #Botswana  #Egypt  #Kenya  #Gabon  #Gambia  #Ghana  #Guinea  #Guinea-Bissau  #Lesotho  #Liberia  #Libya  #Republic_of_Madagascar  #Malawi  #Mali  #Mauritania  #Morocco  #Mozambique  #Niger  #Nigeria  #Senegal  #Sierra_Leone  #Somali_peninsula  #South_Africa  #Sudan  #Republic_of_the_Sudan  #Swaziland  #Tanzania  #Tunisia  #Ottoman_Empire  #Uganda  #Zambia  #Zimbabwe  #Sahara_Desert  #Sub-Saharan_Africa  #West_Africa  #Lake_Chad  #Lake_Tanganyika  #Lake_Victoria  #Shari_River,
   P  #eastern_hemisphere;


#Old_World (^the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas^)
   ^  #region,
   P  #eastern_hemisphere;


#Kingdom_of_God (^the domain over which God is spiritually sovereign^)
   ^  #demesne;


#Corn_Belt (^midwestern United States (Iowa Illinois Indiana); excellent for raising corn and corn-fed livestock^)
   ^  #belt.region;


#Tin_Pan_Alley (^a city district (originally in New York) where composers and publishers of popular music do business^)
   ^  #business_district;


#Caucasia__Caucasus (^a large region between the Black and Caspian seas; oil is its major resource^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   m  #Circassian.White;


#Mason-Dixon_Line__Mason_and_Dixon_Line__Mason_and_Dixon's_Line (^the boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania; symbolic dividing line between North and South before the Civil War^)
   ^  #state_line;


#Bible_Belt (^southern United States; where Protestant fundamentalism is dominant^)
   ^  #belt.region;


#Armageddon (^(New Testament) the scene of the final battle between the kings of the Earth at the end of the world^)
   ^  #battlefield;


#Barbary_Coast.North_Africa (^the Mediterranean coast of North Africa that was famous for its Moorish pirates^)
   ^  #seashore,
   P  #Barbary;


#Barbary (^a region of North Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   p  #Barbary_Coast.North_Africa,
   P  #Africa;


#Bad_Lands__Badlands (^an eroded and barren region in southwestern South Dakota and northwestern Nebraska^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   P  #Nebraska  #South_Dakota;


#Arctic_Circle (^a line of latitude south of the north pole^)
   ^  #polar_circle;


#Antarctic_Circle (^a line of latitude north of the south pole^)
   ^  #polar_circle;


#Antarctic_Ocean (^the southern waters surrounding Antarctica^)
   ^  #ocean,
   P  #Antarctic_Zone  #Atlantic_Ocean  #Indian_Ocean  #Pacific_Ocean;


#Antarctica__Antarctic_continent (^an extremely cold continent at the south pole almost entirely below the Antarctic Circle; covered by an ice cap up to 13,000 feet deep^)
   ^  #continent,
   p  #Victoria_Land  #Admiralty_Range  #Ross_Sea,
   P  #Antarctic_Zone;


#Granada (^a city in southeastern Spain; site of the Alhambra (a palace and fortress built by Moslems in the Middle Ages) which is now a major tourist attraction^)
   ^  #city,
   p  #Alhambra,
   P  #Andalusia;


#Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Retired_Persons__AARP (^an association of people to promote the welfare of senior citizens^)
   ^  #association;


#Melchior (^(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus; usually represented as a king of Nubia^)
   ^  #sage.mentor,
   M  #Wise_Men;


#Caspar__Gaspar (^(New Testament) one of the three sages from the east who came bearing gifts for the infant Jesus^)
   ^  #sage.mentor,
   M  #Wise_Men;


#Balthazar__Balthasar (^(new Testament) one of the three sages from the east who cam bearing gifts for the infant Jesus^)
   ^  #sage.mentor,
   M  #Wise_Men;


#Wise_Men__Magi (^(New Testament) the sages who visited Jesus and Mary and Joseph shortly after Jesus was born; according to the Gospel of Matthew they were guided by a star and brought gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh; because there were three gifts it is usually assumed that there were three of them^)
   ^  #aggregation,
   m  #Balthazar  #Caspar  #Melchior;


#Hebrews__Israelites (^(Old Testament) the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob); the nation whom God chose to receive his revelation and with whom God chose to make a covenant (Exodus 19)^)
   ^  #ethnic_group  #chosen_people;


#Reformation (^a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches^)
   ^  #religious_movement;


#Pietism (^17th and 18th-century movement in the German Lutheran Church stressing personal piety and devotion^)
   ^  #religious_movement;


#Oxford_movement (^19th-century movement in the Church of England opposing liberal tendencies^)
   ^  #religious_movement;


#Ecumenical_Movement (^a movement (especially among Protestant denominations) aimed to promote understanding and cooperation among Christian churches; aimed ultimately at universal Christian unity^)
   ^  #religious_movement;


#Counter_Reformation (^the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected); many leaders were Jesuits^)
   ^  #religious_movement;


#Enlightenment__Age_of_Reason (^a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions^)
   ^  #reform_movement;


#New_Wave__Nouvelle_Vague (^an art movement in French cinema in the 1960s^)
   ^  #artistic_movement;


#William_Wordsworth__Wordsworth (^a romantic English poet whose work was inspired by the Lake District where he spent most of his life (1770-1850)^)
   ^  #poet,
   M  #Lake_Poets;


#Robert_Southey__Southey (^English poet and friend of Wordsworth and Coleridge (1774-1843)^)
   ^  #poet,
   M  #Lake_Poets;


#Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge__Coleridge (^English Romantic poet (1772-1834)^)
   ^  #poet,
   M  #Lake_Poets;


#Dada__Dadaism (^a nihilistic art movement (especially in painting) that flourished in Europe early in the 20th century; based on irrationality and negation of the accepted laws of beauty^)
   ^  #artistic_movement;


#Federal_Housing_Administration__FHA (^the federal agency that insures residential mortgages^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#Federal_Home_Loan_Bank_System (^the central credit system for thrift institutions^)
   ^  #financial_institution,
   m  #Home_Loan_Bank;


#Home_Loan_Bank (^one of 11 regional banks that monitor and make short-term credit advances to thrift institutions in their region^)
   ^  #depository_financial_institution,
   M  #Federal_Home_Loan_Bank_System;


#Ku_Klux_Klan__Klan__KKK (^a secret society of white Southerners to resist Black emancipation^)
   ^  #secret_society,
   m  #Klansman;


#United_States_Army__US_Army__U._S._Army (^the army of the United States of America^)
   ^  #regular_army,
   m  #U._S._Army_Special_Forces;


#Confederate_Army (^the southern army during the American Civil War^)
   ^  #regular_army  #grey;


#Territorial_Army (^British unit of nonprofessional soldiers organized for defense of GB^)
   ^  #territorial_reserve,
   p  #yeomanry,
   m  #territorial;


#National_Guard__home_reserve (^United States military reserves recruited by the states and equipped by the federal government; subject to call by either^)
   ^  #territorial_reserve,
   m  #guardsman  #territorial;


#Federal_National_Mortgage_Association__Fannie_Mae__FNMA (^a federally chartered corporation that purchases mortgages^)
   ^  #corporation;


#Federal_Home_Loan_Mortgage_Corporation__Freddie_Mac__FHLMC (^a corporation authorized by Congress to provide a secondary market for residential mortgages^)
   ^  #corporation;


#Federal_Deposit_Insurance_Corporation__FDIC (^a federally sponsored corporation that insures accounts in national banks and other qualified institutions^)
   ^  #corporation;


#Ringo_Starr__Starr__Richard_Starkey (^rock star and drummer for the Beatles (born in 1940)^)
   ^  #rock_star  #drummer,
   M  #Beatles;


#Sir_James_Paul_McCartney__McCartney__Paul_McCartney (^English rock star and bass guitarist and songwriter who with John Lennon wrote most of the music for the Beatles (born in 1942)^)
   ^  #rock_star  #songwriter,
   M  #Beatles;


#John_Lennon__Lennon (^English rock star and guitarist and songwriter who with Paul McCartney wrote most of the music for the Beatles (1940-1980)^)
   ^  #rock_star  #songwriter,
   M  #Beatles;


#George_Harrison__Harrison (^English rock star; lead guitarist of the Beatles (born in 1943)^)
   ^  #rock_star,
   M  #Beatles;


#beat_generation__beats__beatniks (^a United States youth subculture of the 1950s; rejected possessions or regular work or traditional dress; for communal living and psychedelic drugs and anarchism; favored modern forms of jazz (e.g., bebop)^)
   ^  #youth_subculture,
   m  #beatnik;


#Maquis (^the French underground that fought against the German occupation in World War II^)
   ^  #underground,
   m  #Maquisard;


#Capitol__Washington (^the federal government of the United States^)
   ^  #federal_government;


#Selective_Service_System__Selective_Service (^a federal agency that administers compulsory military service^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#Bank_of_Japan (^the central bank of Japan^)
   ^  #central_bank;


#Bundesbank (^the central bank of Germany^)
   ^  #central_bank;


#Bank_of_England (^the central bank of England^)
   ^  #central_bank;


#Federal_Reserve_Bank__reserve_bank (^one of 12 regional banks that monitor and act as depositories for banks in their region^)
   ^  #depository_financial_institution,
   M  #Federal_Reserve_System;


#Federal_Reserve_System__Federal_Reserve__Fed (^the central bank of the United States; incorporates 12 Federal Reserve branch banks and all national banks and stated charted commercial banks and some trust companies; "the Fed seeks to control the United States economy by raising and lowering short-term interest rates and the money supply"^)
   ^  #central_bank,
   m  #Federal_Reserve_Bank  #national_bank  #member_bank;


#Ways_and_Means_Committee (^a permanent committee of the United States House of Representatives that makes recommendations to the House on all bills that would raise revenue^)
   ^  #standing_committee;


#Federal_Reserve_Board (^the 7-member board governing the Federal Reserve System^)
   ^  #board.committee;


#Seanad_Eireann__Seanad (^the upper house of the parliament of the Republic of Ireland^)
   ^  #house.legislature,
   P  #Oireachtas;


#Oireachtas (^the parliament of the Republic of Ireland^)
   ^  #parliament,
   p  #Dail_Eireann  #Seanad_Eireann;


#Knesset__Knesseth (^the Israeli unicameral parliament^)
   ^  #parliament;


#Dail_Eireann__Dail (^the lower house of the parliament of the Republic of Ireland^)
   ^  #house.legislature,
   P  #Oireachtas;


#Shudra__Sudra (^the lowest of the four main Hindu castes: the worker caste^)
   ^  #caste,
   m  #Sudra;


#Vaisya (^the third of the four main Hindu castes: the mercantile and professional caste^)
   ^  #caste,
   m  #Vaisya.Hindustani;


#Kshatriya (^the second highest of the four main Hindu castes: the royal or warrior caste^)
   ^  #caste,
   m  #Kshatriya.Hindustani;


#Brahmin__Brahman (^the highest of the four main Hindu castes: the priestly caste^)
   ^  #caste,
   m  #Brahmin.Hindustani;


#Benelux (^a customs union comprising BElgium and NEtherlands and LUXembourg^)
   ^  #customs_union,
   m  #Belgium  #Netherlands  #Luxembourg;


#Klaipeda__Memel (^a city in western Lithuania on the Baltic Sea; formerly an important trading town of the Hanseatic League^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Lithuania;


#Gdansk__Danzig (^a city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea; a member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Poland;


#Bruges__City_of_Bridges (^a city in northwestern Belgium in West Flanders province; connected by canal to the North Sea; the old city is a popular tourist attraction^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Belgium;


#Rostock (^a city in northeastern Germany near the Baltic sea; an important member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Germany;


#Lubeck (^a city in northwestern Germany and an important Baltic port; a leading member of the Hanseatic League^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Germany;


#Hamburg (^a city in northern Germany on the Elbe River^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Germany;


#Halle-an-der-Saale__Halle (^a city in the Saxony region of Germany on the Saale River; a member of the Hanseatic League during the 13th and 14th centuries^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Germany;


#Cologne__Koln (^a commercial center and river port in western Germany on the Rhine River; flourished during the 15th century as a member of the Hanseatic League^)
   ^  #city,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Germany;


#Bergen (^a port city in southwestern Norway^)
   ^  #city  #port,
   M  #Hanseatic_League,
   P  #Norway;


#Creek_Confederacy (^a North American Indian Confederacy organized by the Muskogee that dominated the southeastern part of the United States before being removed to Oklahoma^)
   ^  #confederation.union,
   m  #Alabama.Muskhogean  #Hitchiti.Muskhogean  #Muskogee.Muskhogean;


#World_Meteorological_Organization__WMO (^the United Nations agency concerned with the international collection of meteorological data^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#World_Health_Organization__WHO (^a United Nations agency to coordinate international health activities and to help governments improve health services^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#United_Nations_Educational_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization__UNESCO (^an agency of the United Nations that promotes education and communication and the arts^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Monetary_Fund__IMF (^a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Maritime_Organization__IMO (^the United Nations agency concerned with international maritime activities^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Labor_Organization__International_Labour_Organization__ILO (^the United Nations agency concerned with the interests of labor^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Finance_Corporation__IFC (^a United Nations agency that invest directly in companies and guarantees loans to private investors; affiliated with the World Bank^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Development_Association__IDA (^an agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Civil_Aviation_Organization__ICAO (^the United Nations agency concerned with civil aviation^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development__World_Bank__IBRD (^a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#International_Atomic_Energy_Agency__IAEA (^the United Nations agency concerned with atomic energy^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade__GATT (^a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations__Food_and_Agriculture_Organization__FAO (^the United Nations agency concerned with the international organization of food and agriculture^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#United_Nations_Children's_Fund__United_Nations_International_Children's_Emergency_Fund__UNICEF (^an agency of the United Nations responsible for programs to aid education and the health of children and mothers in developing countries^)
   ^  #United_Nations_agency;


#Statistical_Commission (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with statistical data from member nations^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Social_Development_Commission (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with social development^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Population_Commission (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with population control^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with economic development in Latin America^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Economic_Commission_for_Europe (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with economic development in Europe^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Economic_Commission_for_Asia_and_the_Far_East (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with economic development of countries in Asia and the Far East^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Economic_Commission_for_Africa (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with economic development of African nations^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Commission_on_the_Status_of_Women (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with the status of women in different societies^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with drug traffic^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#Commission_on_Human_Rights (^the commission of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations that is concerned with human rights^)
   ^  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission;


#International_Court_of_Justice__World_Court (^a court established to settle disputes between members of the United Nations^)
   ^  #tribunal,
   M  #United_Nations;


#Economic_and_Social_Council__ECOSOC (^a permanent council of the United Nations; responsible for economic and social conditions^)
   ^  #council,
   M  #United_Nations;


#Trusteeship_Council__TC (^a permanent council of the United Nations that commissions a country (or countries) to undertake the administration of a territory^)
   ^  #council,
   M  #United_Nations;


#Security_Council__SC (^a permanent council of the United Nations; responsible for preserving world peace^)
   ^  #council,
   M  #United_Nations;


#United_Nations_Secretariat (^the administrative arm of the United Nations^)
   ^  #secretariat,
   M  #United_Nations;


#General_Assembly (^the supreme deliberative assembly of the United Nations^)
   ^  #assembly,
   M  #United_Nations;


#United_Nations__UN (^an organization of independent states to promote international peace and security^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #General_Assembly  #United_Nations_Secretariat  #Security_Council  #Trusteeship_Council  #Economic_and_Social_Council  #Economic_and_Social_Council_commission  #International_Court_of_Justice  #United_Nations_agency;


#Uzbekistan__Republic_of_Uzbekistan__Uzbek (^a landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Tashkent  #Samarkand,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Turkmenistan__Turkomen__Turkmen__Turkmenia (^a republic in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of Kazakhstan and north of Iran; an Asian Soviet from 1925 to 1991^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Ashkhabad,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Tajikistan__Republic_of_Tajikistan__Tadzhikistan__Tadzhik__Tadjik__Tajik (^a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian Soviet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Dushanbe,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Kyrgystan__Kyrgyz_Republic__Kirghizia__Kirgizia__Kirghiz__Kirgiz__Kirghizstan__Kirgizstan (^a landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on northwestern China; formerly an Asian Soviet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Bishkek,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Kazakhstan__Republic_of_Kazakhstan__Kazakstan__Kazakh__Kazak (^a landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian Soviet from 1936 to 1991^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Almaty,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Sakartvelo__Georgia (^a republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; a provisional military government; formerly an Asian Soviet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Tbilisi  #Abkhazia  #Adzhar,
   m  #Georgian.Russian,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia_Minor;


#Azerbaijan__Azerbaijani_Republic__Azerbajdzhan__Azerbajdzhan_Republic (^a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Baku,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Armenia__Republic_of_Armenia__Hayastan (^a republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet; throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded and oppressed by their neighbors^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Yerevan  #Aras,
   m  #Armenian,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Asia;


#Ukraine__Ukrayina (^a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Crimea  #Kiev  #Donetsk  #Donets_Basin  #Chernobyl  #Kharkov  #Odesa  #Danube_River  #Dnieper_River,
   m  #Ukranian,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Europe;


#Moldova__Republic_of_Moldava__Moldavia (^a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet but achieved independence in 1991^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Kishinev,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Europe;


#Belarus__Republic_of_Belarus__Byelarus__Byelorussia__Belorussia__White_Russia (^a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Minsk  #Dnieper_River,
   m  #Byelorussian,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Europe;


#Russia__Russian_Federation  (^a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Karelia  #Moscow  #Astrakhan  #Cherepovets  #Grozny  #Kaluga  #Kursk  #Siberia  #Nizhnyi_Novgorod  #Kazan  #Leningrad  #Murmansk  #Nalchik  #Novgorod  #Perm  #Saratov  #Smolensk  #Ufa  #Volgograd  #Novosibirsk  #Chelyabinsk  #Omsk  #Vladivostok  #Novaya_Zemlya  #Kola_Peninsula  #Amur_River  #Dnieper_River  #Don_River  #Lake_Ilmen  #Lake_Ladoga  #Lake_Onega  #Neva_River  #Tien_Shan  #Urals  #Volga_River  #Volkhov_River,
   M  #Commonwealth_of_Independent_States,
   P  #Eurasia;


#Commonwealth_of_Independent_States__CIS (^an alliance made up of states that had been Soviet Socialist Republics in the Soviet Union prior to its dissolution in Dec 1991^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Russia  #Belarus  #Moldova  #Ukraine  #Armenia  #Azerbaijan  #Sakartvelo  #Kazakhstan  #Kyrgystan  #Tajikistan  #Turkmenistan  #Uzbekistan;


#The_Armada__Spanish_Armada__Invincible_Armada (^the great fleet sent by Philip II of Spain against England in 1588^)
   ^  #armada;


#Rastafari__Rastas (^a Black youth subculture and religious movement that arose in the ghettos of Kingston, Jamaica, in the 1950s; Rastafarians regard Ras Tafari as divine; males grow hair in long dreadlocks and wear woolen caps; use marijuana and listen to reggae music^)
   ^  #youth_subculture  #religious_movement,
   m  #Rastafarian;


#Whig_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1834 in opposition to the Democratic Party; advocated a loose interpretation of the Constitution and high protective tariffs^)
   ^  #political_party;


#States'_Rights_Democratic_Party__Dixiecrats (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1948 by Southern Democrats opposed to the candidacy of Harry S Truman^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Socialist_Party (^a political party in the United States formed in 1900 to advocate socialism^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Socialist_Labor_Party (^a political party in the United States; formed in 1874 to advocate the peaceful introduction of socialism^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Republican_Party__GOP (^the younger of two major political parties in the United States; GOP stands for Grand Old Party^)
   ^  #political_party,
   m  #Republican;


#Prohibition_Party (^a political party in the United States; formed in 1869 to oppose the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Progressive_Party__Bull_Moose_Party (^a former political party in the United States; founded by Theodore Roosevelt during the presidential campaign of 1912; its emblem was a picture of a bull moose^)
   ^  #political_party;


#People's_Party__Populist_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1891 to advocate currency expansion and state control of railroads^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Nazi_Party (^the National Socialist German Workers' Party founded in Germany in 1919 and brought to power by Hitler in 1933^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Militant_Tendency (^a Trotskyist political organization in Great Britain set up in 1964 inside the Labour Party^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Liberty_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1839 to oppose the practice of slavery; merged with the Free Soil Party in 1848^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Liberal_Party (^a major political party in Great Britain in the 19th century; now the third largest; advocated reforms and improvement of the conditions of working people^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Labour_Party__Labour__Labor_Party__Labor (^a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900; characterized by the promotion of labor's interests and the socialization of key industries^)
   ^  #political_party,
   m  #Labourite;


#Greenback_Party (^a former political party in the United States; organized in 1874; opposed any reduction in the amount of paper money in circulation^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Free_Soil_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1848 to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories; merged with the Liberty Party in 1848^)
   ^  #political_party;


#American_Federalist_Party__Federalist_Party__Federal_Party (^a major political party in the United States in the early 19th century; founded by Alexander Hamilton; favored a strong centralized government^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Farmer-Labor_Party (^a former minor political party in the United States in the early 20th century^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Democratic-Republican_Party (^a former major political party in the United States in the early 19th century; opposed the old Federalist party; favored a strict interpretation of the constitution in order to limit the powers of the federal government^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Democratic_Party (^the older of two major political parties in the United States^)
   ^  #political_party,
   p  #Tammany_Hall,
   m  #Democrat;


#Constitutional_Union_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1859 by former Whigs who hoped to preserve the Union^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Conservative_Party (^a political party in Great Britain which developed from the Tories in the 1830s; advocates a mixed economy and encourages property owning^)
   ^  #political_party;


#US_Communist_Party__Communist_Party  (^a political party advocating communism in the United States^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Anti-Masonic_Party (^a former political party in the United States; founded in 1825 in opposition to Freemasonry in public affairs^)
   ^  #political_party;


#American_Party__Know-Nothing_Party (^a former political party in the United States; active in the 1850s to keep power out of the hands of immigrants and Roman Catholics^)
   ^  #political_party;


#American_Labor_Party (^a former political party in the United States; formed in 1936 in New York when labor and liberals bolted the Democratic Party^)
   ^  #political_party;


#Camorra (^a secret society in Naples notorious for violence and blackmail^)
   ^  #organized_crime;


#Black_Hand (^a secret terrorist society in the United States early in the 20th century^)
   ^  #organized_crime;


#Sicilian_Mafia__Mafia__Maffia (^a secret terrorist group in Sicily; originally opposed tyranny but evolved into a criminal organization in the middle of the 19th century^)
   ^  #organized_crime;


#Sidney_James_Webb__Webb__Sidney_Webb__First_Baron_Passfield (^English sociologist and economist and a central member of the Fabian Society (1859-1947)^)
   ^  #sociologist  #economist,
   M  #Fabian_Society;


#Fabian_Society (^an association of British socialists who advocate gradual reforms within the law leading to democratic socialism^)
   ^  #association,
   m  #Fabian  #Sidney_James_Webb;


#Adeline_Virginia_Stephen_Woolf__Woolf__Virginia_Woolf (^English author whose work used such techniques as stream of consciousness and the interior monologue; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1882-1941)^)
   ^  #professional_writer,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#Giles_Lytton_Strachey__Strachey__Lytton_Strachey (^English biographer and leading member of the Bloomsbury Group (1880-1932)^)
   ^  #biographer,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#John_Maynard_Keynes__Keynes (^English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)^)
   ^  #economist,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#Duncan_James_Corrow_Grant__Grant__Duncan_Grant (^Scottish painter; cousin of Lytton Strachey and member of the Bloomsbury Group (1885-1978)^)
   ^  #painter,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#Roger_Eliot_Fry__Fry__Roger_Fry (^English painter and art critic (1866-1934)^)
   ^  #painter  #art_critic,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#Vanessa_Bell__Bell__Vanessa_Stephen (^English painter; sister of Virginia Woolf; prominent member of the Bloomsbury Group (1879-1961)^)
   ^  #painter,
   M  #Bloomsbury_Group;


#Freemasonry__Masonry (^Freemasons collectively^)
   ^  #secret_society,
   m  #Freemason;


#American_Federation_of_Labor_and_Congress_of_Industrial_Organizations__AFL-CIO (^the largest federation of North American labor unions; formed in 1955^)
   ^  #federation;


#Arthur_Stanley_Jefferson_Laurel__Laurel__Stan_Laurel (^United States slapstick comedian (born in England) who played the scatterbrained and often tearful member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1890-1965)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Laurel_and_Hardy;


#Oliver_Hardy__Hardy (^United States slapstick comedian who played the pompous and overbearing member of the Laurel and Hardy duo who made many films (1892-1957)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Laurel_and_Hardy;


#Iran__Islamic_Republic_of_Iran__Persia (^a theocratic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient Persian Empire and was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Teheran  #Abadan  #Mashhad  #Isfahan  #Shiraz  #Tabriz  #Qum  #Persepolis  #Demavend  #Caspian_Sea,
   m  #Irani,
   M  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Middle_East  #Asia;


#Indonesia__Republic_of_Indonesia__Dutch_East_Indies (^a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Java  #Bali  #Timor  #Sumatra  #Celebes  #Moluccas  #Indonesian_Borneo  #Krakatau,
   m  #Indonesian,
   M  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Southeast_Asia  #Austronesia;


#India__Republic_of_India__Bharat (^a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Lucknow  #battle_of_Panipat  #battle_of_Plassey  #Assam  #Manipur  #Hindustan  #Sikkim  #Kanara  #Punjab  #Delhi  #Calcutta  #Bombay  #Agra  #Hyderabad  #Chennai  #Salem.India  #Andhra_Pradesh  #Bihar  #Goa  #Gujarat  #Tamil_Nadu  #Gujerat  #Maharashtra  #Orissa  #Nilgiri_Hills  #Kashmir  #Brahmaputra_River  #Ganges_River  #Himalayas  #Kamet  #Nanda_Devi  #Pobeda_Peak  #Tien_Shan,
   m  #Indian,
   M  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Asia;


#Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries__OPEC (^an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the sale of petroleum^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Algeria  #Egypt  #India  #Indonesia  #Iran  #Iraq  #Kuwait  #Libya  #Qatar  #Saudi_Arabia  #United_Arab_Emirates  #Venezuela;


#Pam_American_Union (^the administrative agency of the Organization of American States^)
   ^  #secretariat;


#Venezuela__Republic_of_Venezuela (^a republic in northern South America on the Caribbean; achieved independence from Spain in 1811; rich in oil^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Caracas  #Cuidad_Bolivar  #Maracaibo  #Maracay  #Valencia.Venezuela  #Angel_Falls  #Arauca  #Cuquenan_Falls  #Orinoco_River,
   m  #Venezuelan,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #South_America;


#Uruguay (^a South American republic on the southeast coast of South America; achieved independence from Brazil in 1825^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Montevideo  #Rio_de_la_Plata,
   m  #Uruguayan,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Suriname__Republic_of_Suriname__Surinam__Dutch_Guiana__Netherlands_Guiana (^a republic in northeastern South America on the Atlantic; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1975^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Paramaribo  #Suriname_River,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Guiana;


#Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines__St._Vincent_and_the_Grenadines (^an island country in the central Windward Islands; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1979^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Saint_Vincent,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Windward_Islands;


#St._Lucia__Saint_Lucia (^a country on the island of Saint Lucia; gained independence from Great Britain in 1979^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Saint_Lucia  #Castries,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Windward_Islands;


#Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis__Federation_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis__Saint_Christopher-Nevis__St._Christopher-Nevis__St._Kitts_and_Nevis (^a country on several of the Leeward Islands; located east southeast of Puerto Rico; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1983^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Saint_Christopher  #Basseterre  #Nevis  #Sombrero,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Leeward_Islands;


#Peru__Republic_of_Peru (^a republic in western South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; was the heart of the Inca empire from the 12th to 16th centuries^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Arequipa  #Lima  #El_Misti  #Huainaputina  #Amazon_River  #Andes  #Coropuna  #Huascaran  #Yerupaja,
   m  #Peruvian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Paraguay__Republic_of_Paraguay (^a landlocked republic in south central South America; achieved independence from Spain in 1811^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Asuncion  #Parana_River  #Sete_Quedas,
   m  #Paraguayan,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Grenada (^an island state in the West Indies in the southeastern Caribbean Sea; an independent state within the British Commonwealth^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #St._George's,
   m  #Grenadian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Windward_Islands;


#Brazil__Federative_Republic_of_Brazil__Brasil (^the largest Latin American country and the largest Portuguese speaking country in the world; located in the central and northeastern part of South America; world's leading coffee exporter^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Belo_Horizonte  #Brasilia  #Natal  #Rio_de_Janeiro  #Recife  #Sao_Paulo  #Amazon_River  #Araguaia_River  #Iguazu_Falls  #Madeira_River  #Para_River  #Parana_River  #Parnaiba  #Paulo_Afonso_Falls  #Purus_River  #Sete_Quedas  #Tocantins_River  #Urubupunga_Falls,
   m  #Brazilian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Bolivia__Republic_of_Bolivia (^a landlocked Republic in central South America; Simon Bolivar founded Bolivia in 1825 after winning independence from Spain^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #La_Paz  #Sucre  #Ancohuma  #Andes  #Illampu  #Illimani  #Sajama,
   m  #Bolivian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Bahamas__Commonwealth_of_the_Bahamas__Bahama_Islands (^island country in the Atlantic east of Florida and Cuba; a popular winter resort^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Nassau,
   m  #Bahamian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #West_Indies;


#Ecuador__Republic_of_Ecuador (^a republic in northwestern South America; became independent from Spain in 1822; the landscape is dominated by the Andes^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Guayaquil  #Quito  #Galapagos_Islands  #Cotacachi  #Cotopaxi  #Sangay  #Andes  #Chimborazo,
   m  #Ecuadorian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Commonwealth_of_Dominica__Dominica (^a country on the island of Dominica^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Roseau,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Dominica;


#Trinidad_and_Tobago__Republic_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago (^an island republic in the West Indies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Trinidad  #Tobago,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean;


#Barbados (^easternmost of the West Indies about 300 miles north of Venezuela^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #Barbados.country,
   m  #Barbadian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Lesser_Antilles;


#Jamaica.country (^a country on the island of Jamaica; became independent of England in 1962; much poverty; the major industry is tourism^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Kingston.Jamaica  #Montego_Bay,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Jamaica;


#Dominican_Republic (^a republic in the West Indies; located on the eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Santo_Domingo  #Santiago_de_los_Caballeros,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Hispaniola;


#Haiti__Republic_of_Haiti (^a republic in the West Indies on the western part of the island of Hispaniola; achieved independence from France in 1804; the poorest and most illiterate nation in the Western Hemisphere^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Port-au-Prince,
   m  #Haitian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Hispaniola;


#Republic_of_Cuba__Cuba (^a communist state in the Caribbean on the island of Cuba^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Havana  #Santiago_de_Cuba  #Guantanamo,
   m  #Cuban,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Cuba;


#Mexico__United_Mexican_States (^a Republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810^)
   ^  #North_American_country,
   p  #Buena_Vista  #Chapultepec  #Mexican_Revolution  #Yucatan_Peninsula  #Acapulco_de_Juarez  #Juarez  #Ciudad_Victoria  #Culiacan  #Durango  #Guadalajara  #Hermosillo  #Leon.Mexico  #Matamoros  #Mazatlan  #Mexicali  #Mexico_City  #Monterrey  #Nogales.northern_Mexico  #Oaxaca_de_Juarez  #Orizaba  #Puebla_de_Zaragoza  #San_Luis_Potosi  #Tepic  #Tampico  #Torreon  #Tuxtla_Gutierrez  #Veracruz  #Villahermosa  #Citlaltepetl  #Nevado_de_Colima  #Colorado_River  #Gulf_of_California  #Gulf_of_Tehuantepec  #Lower_California  #Rio_Grande  #Sierra_Madre_Occidental  #Sierra_Madre_Oriental,
   m  #Mexican,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #North_America;


#Panama__Republic_of_Panama (^a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #Panama_Canal  #Panama_City.Panama  #Colon,
   m  #Panamanian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Isthmus_of_Panama;


#Salvador__El_Salvador__Republic_of_El_Salvador (^a republic on the Pacific coast of Central America^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #San_Salvador  #Santa_Ana.Salvador,
   m  #Salvadoran,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Central_America;


#Honduras__Republic_of_Honduras (^a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; an early center of Mayan culture^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #Tegucigalpa  #San_Pedro_Sula,
   m  #Honduran,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Central_America;


#Guatemala__Republic_of_Guatemala (^a republic in Central America; achieved independence from Spain in 1821; noted for low per capita income and illiteracy; politically unstable^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #Guatemala_City  #Fuego,
   m  #Guatemalan,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Central_America;


#Costa_Rica__Republic_of_Costa_Rica (^a republic in Central America; one of the most politically stable countries in Latin America^)
   ^  #Central_American_country,
   p  #San_Jose.Costa_Rica,
   m  #Costa_Rican,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Central_America;


#Colombia__Republic_of_Colombia (^a republic in northwestern South America; the major legal crop is coffee but cocaine is also a major export^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Bogota  #Cali  #Medellin  #Cartagena  #Galeras  #Purace  #Andes  #Arauca  #Orinoco_River,
   m  #Colombian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Chile__Republic_of_Chile (^a republic in southern South America on the western slopes of the Andes on the south Pacific coast^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Patagonia  #Chiloe  #Vina_del_Mar  #Antofagasta  #Punta_Arenas  #Gran_Santiago  #Tierra_del_Fuego  #Cape_Horn  #Valparaiso  #Atacama_Desert  #Guallatiri  #Lascar  #Tupungatito  #Andes  #El_Muerto  #Llullaillaco  #Ojos_del_Salado  #Tupungato,
   m  #Chilean,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Argentina__Argentine_Republic__the_Argentine (^a republic in southern South America; second largest country in South America^)
   ^  #South_American_country,
   p  #Patagonia  #Buenos_Aires  #Cordoba  #pampas  #Tierra_del_Fuego  #Aconcagua  #Andes  #Bonete  #Cachi  #El_Libertador  #El_Muerto  #Galan  #Iguazu_Falls  #Laudo  #Llullaillaco  #Mercedario  #Nacimiento  #Ojos_del_Salado  #Parana_River  #Pissis  #Rio_de_la_Plata  #Tupungato,
   m  #Argentinian,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #South_America;


#Antigua_and_Barbuda (^a country in the northern Leeward Islands^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Antigua  #Barbuda  #Redonda  #St._John's.Antigua_and_Barbuda,
   M  #Organization_of_American_States,
   P  #Caribbean  #Leeward_Islands;


#Organization_of_American_States__OAS (^an association of countries in the western hemisphere; created in 1948 to promote military and economic and social and cultural cooperation^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Antigua_and_Barbuda  #Argentina  #Chile  #Colombia  #Costa_Rica  #Guatemala  #Honduras  #Salvador  #Panama  #Mexico  #Republic_of_Cuba  #Haiti  #Dominican_Republic  #Jamaica.country  #Barbados  #Trinidad_and_Tobago  #Commonwealth_of_Dominica  #Ecuador  #Bahamas  #Bolivia  #Brazil  #Grenada  #Paraguay  #Peru  #Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis  #St._Lucia  #Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines  #Suriname  #USA  #Uruguay  #Venezuela;


#USA__United_States_of_America__United_States__America__US__U.S.__U.S.A.  (^North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776^)
   ^  #North_American_country,
   p  #American_Civil_War  #East_USA  #Midwest_USA  #American_state  #West_USA  #Louisiana_Purchase  #Colony  #New_England  #Mid-Atlantic_states  #South_USA  #Sunbelt  #North_USA  #Dakota.geographical_area  #Alaska  #Arizona  #Arkansas  #California  #Colorado  #District_of_Columbia  #Georgia  #Hawaii  #Idaho  #Kentucky  #Montana  #Nevada  #New_Mexico  #North_Carolina  #North_Dakota  #Oklahoma  #Oregon  #South_Carolina  #South_Dakota  #Tennessee  #Utah  #Virginia  #Washington_State  #West_Virginia  #Wyoming  #Great_Lakes  #Mississippi_River  #Missouri_River  #Niagara_River  #Niobrara_River  #Ohio_River  #Pecos_River  #Pee_Dee_River  #Red_River  #Republican_River  #Rio_Grande  #Saint_Francis_River  #Saint_Johns_River  #Saint_Lawrence_River  #Salmon_River  #Snake_River  #South_Platte_River  #Susquehanna_River  #Tombigbee_River  #Twin_Falls.Snake_River  #Wabash_River  #White_River  #Wisconsin_River  #Yellowstone_River  #Yosemite_Falls  #Yukon_River,
   m  #American,
   M  #NATO  #Organization_of_American_States,
   L  #Union  #Connecticut_River,
   P  #North_America;


#Turkey__Republic_of_Turkey (^a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923^)
   ^  #country,
   p  #Dardanelles_campaign  #Edirne  #Abydos  #Adana  #Ankara  #Antalya  #Antioch  #Dardanelles  #Istanbul  #Bursa  #Izmir  #Aegospotamos  #Mount_Ararat  #Aras  #Bosporus  #Euphrates_River  #Seyhan_River  #Tigris_River,
   m  #Turk,
   M  #NATO,
   P  #Asia_Minor  #Balkan_Peninsula  #Middle_East;


#Republic_of_Iceland__Iceland (^an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Reykjavik,
   m  #Icelander,
   M  #NATO,
   P  #Iceland  #Europe;


#Canada (^a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada; "the border between the United States and Canada is the longest unguarded border in the world"^)
   ^  #North_American_country,
   p  #Baffin_Island  #Maritime_Provinces  #Alberta  #British_Columbia  #Manitoba  #Newfoundland.Canadian_province  #Northwest_Territories  #Ontario  #Quebec  #Saskatchewan  #Yukon_Territory  #Columbia_River  #Great_Lakes  #Hudson_Bay  #Mackenzie_River  #Niagara_River  #Saint_Johns_River  #Saint_Lawrence_River  #Yukon_River,
   m  #Canadian,
   M  #NATO,
   P  #North_America;


#Norway__Kingdom_of_Norway__Norge__Noreg (^a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905^)
   ^  #Scandinavian_country,
   p  #Svalbard  #Lofoten  #Oslo  #Bergen  #Stavanger  #Trondheim  #Lindeness,
   m  #Norseman,
   M  #NATO  #Scandinavia;


#Bulgaria__Republic_of_Bulgaria (^a republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe^)
   ^  #Balkan_country,
   p  #Plevna  #Sofia  #Plovdiv  #Danube_River,
   m  #Bulgarian.European,
   M  #NATO,
   P  #Europe;


#NATO__North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization  (^an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Bulgaria  #Denmark  #Norway  #Germany  #Greece  #Italy  #Canada  #Belgium  #UK  #France  #Netherlands  #Republic_of_Iceland  #Luxembourg  #Portugal  #Spain  #Turkey  #USA;


#Spain__Kingdom_of_Spain__Espana (^a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Andalusia  #Madrid  #Balearic_Islands  #Majorca  #Canary_Islands  #Barcelona  #Cadiz  #Cartagena.port  #Cordova  #Jerez_de_la_Frontera  #Leon.Spain  #Malaga  #Oviedo  #San_Sebastian  #Sevilla  #Toledo.Spain  #Aragon  #Zaragoza  #Castile  #Catalonia  #Galicia  #Valencia.Spain  #Lusitania  #Cantabrian_Mountains  #Ebro_River  #Pyrenees  #Sierra_Nevada  #Tagus_River,
   m  #Basque.European  #Spaniard,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Iberian_Peninsula;


#Portugal__Portuguese_Republic (^a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Azores  #Madeira_Islands  #Braga  #Lisbon  #Porto  #Setubal  #Lusitania  #Tagus_River,
   m  #Portuguese.European,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Iberian_Peninsula;


#Luxembourg__Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg__Luxemburg (^a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Luxembourg-Ville,
   m  #Luxemburger,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO  #Benelux,
   P  #Europe;


#Netherlands__The_Netherlands__Kingdom_of_The_Netherlands__Holland (^a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1579; half the country lies below sea level^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Amsterdam  #The_Hague  #Eindhoven  #Nijmegen  #Rotterdam  #Leiden  #Utrecht  #Meuse_River  #Rhine_River,
   m  #Netherlander,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO  #Benelux,
   P  #Europe;


#France__French_Republic  (^a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Dunkerque  #Paris  #Bordeaux  #Brest  #Cannes  #Chablis  #Dijon  #Grenoble  #Le_Havre  #Lille  #Lyon  #Marseille  #Nancy  #Nantes  #Nice  #Orleans  #Toulouse  #Versailles  #Vichy  #Riviera  #French_region  #Alsace  #Anjou  #Aquitaine  #Artois  #Auvergne  #Bourgogne  #Bretagne  #Centre  #Champagne-Ardenne  #Corse  #Franche-Comte  #Gascogne  #Ile-de-France  #Languedoc-Roussillon  #Limousin  #Lorraine  #Midi  #Midi-Pyrenees  #Nord-Pas-de-Calais  #Pays_de_la_Loire  #Picardie  #Poitou-Charentes  #Rhone-Alpes  #Normandie  #Orleanais  #Provence  #the_Alps  #Garonne_River  #Isere_River  #Loire_River  #Meuse_River  #Mont_Blanc  #Pyrenees  #Rhine_River  #Rhone_River  #Sambre_River  #Saone_River  #Scheldt_River  #Seine_River,
   m  #Basque.European  #French_person,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Europe,
   L  pm#battle_in_France (pm)  pm#INRIA (pm);


#Eire__Ireland__Irish_Free_State__Republic_of_Ireland  (^a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Cork  #Galway  #Dublin  #Limerick  #Tara  #Waterford,
   M  #European_Union,
   P  #Ireland  #Europe;


#Belgium__Kingdom_of_Belgium__Belgique (^a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Common Market and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Bouvines  #battle_of_Fontenoy  #battle_of_Waterloo  #first_battle_of_Ypres  #second_battle_of_Ypres  #third_battle_of_Ypres  #Bruxelles  #Antwerpen  #Bruges  #Charleroi  #Gent  #Liege  #Namur  #Meuse_River  #Sambre_River  #Scheldt_River,
   m  #Belgian  #Fleming  #Walloon.Belgian,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO  #Benelux,
   P  #Europe;


#Italy__Italian_Republic__Italia (^a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Cannae  #battle_of_Caporetto  #Battle_of_Lake_Trasimenus  #battle_of_Magenta  #Marengo  #Metaurus_River  #battle_of_Ravenna  #Salerno  #battle_of_Solferino  #battle_of_Trasimeno  #Appian_Way  #Flaminian_Way  #Italian_Peninsula  #Pompeii  #Herculaneum  #Abruzzi_e_Molise  #Basilicata  #Calabria  #Campania  #Emilia-Romagna  #Friuli-Venezia_Giulia  #Latium  #Roma  #Brindisi  #Tivoli  #Liguria  #Lombardy  #Marche  #Molise  #Piemonte  #Puglia  #Sardegna  #Sicily  #Tuscany  #Trentino-Alto_Adige  #Umbria  #Valle_D'Aosta  #Veneto  #Etruria  #Riviera  #Mount_Vesuvius  #River_Adige  #the_Alps  #Apennines  #River_Arno  #Dolomite_Alps  #Matterhorn  #Mont_Blanc  #Po_River,
   m  #Italian,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Europe;


#Greece__Hellenic_Republic__Ellas  (^town a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil^)
   ^  #Balkan_country,
   p  #Chaeronea  #battle_of_Lepanto  #battle_of_Leuctra  #Mantinea  #battle_of_Marathon  #battle_of_Navarino  #battle_of_Pharsalus  #battle_of_Thermopylae  #Aigina  #Chios  #Cyclades  #Dodecanese  #Lesbos  #Rhodes  #Crete  #Ithaki  #Mount_Athos  #Athens  #Actium  #Attica  #Corinth  #Argos  #Delphi  #Mycenae  #Epirus  #Laconia  #Boeotia  #Thessaloniki  #Thessalia  #Arcadia  #Peloponnese  #Lemnos  #Mount_Olympus  #Mount_Parnassus  #Saronic_Gulf,
   m  #Greek,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Europe;


#Finland__Republic_of_Finland__Suomi (^republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Karelia  #Helsinki  #Espoo  #Tampere  #Aland_islands  #Mariehamn,
   m  #Finn,
   M  #European_Union,
   P  #Europe;


#Germany__Federal_Republic_of_Germany__Deutschland__FRG (^a republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Blenheim  #battle_of_Jena  #battle_of_Lutzen  #battle_of_Minden  #battle_of_Rossbach  #battle_of_Teutoburger_Wald  #Dachau  #Rhineland  #Lower_Saxony  #Aachen  #Berlin  #Dresden  #Leipzig  #Solingen  #Weimar  #Bavaria  #Bonn  #Cologne  #Braunschweig  #Dusseldorf  #Essen  #Frankfurt_on_the_Main  #Halle-an-der-Saale  #Hamburg  #Hannover  #Lubeck  #Mannheim  #Munich  #Nuremberg  #Rostock  #Stuttgart  #Wurzburg  #Palatinate  #Prussia  #Ruhr_Valley  #Thuringia  #Danube_River  #Neckar_River  #Oder_River  #Rhine_River  #Ruhr_River  #Saale_River,
   m  #German_person  #Sorbian,
   p  pm#Darmstadt (pm),
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #Europe;


#Sweden__Kingdom_of_Sweden__Sverige (^a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula^)
   ^  #Scandinavian_country,
   p  #Stockholm  #Malmo  #Lund  #Goteborg  #Uppsala,
   m  #Swede,
   M  #European_Union  #Scandinavia;


#European_Union__EU__European_Community__EC__European_Economic_Community__EEC__Common_Market__Europe (^an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members; "he took Britain into Europe"^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Denmark  #Sweden  #Germany  #Finland  #Greece  #Italy  #Austria  #Belgium  #UK  #Eire  #France  #Netherlands  #Luxembourg  #Portugal  #Spain;


#Yemen__Republic_of_Yemen (^a republic on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990 when North Yemen and South Yemen merged^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Aden  #San'a,
   m  #Yemeni,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#United_Arab_Emirates (^a federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Abu_Dhabi  #Dubai,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia (^a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #battle_of_Zama  #Tunis  #Sfax,
   m  #Tunisian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Africa;


#Syria__Syrian_Arab_Republic (^an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Damascus  #Aleppo  #Euphrates_River  #Tigris_River,
   m  #Syrian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Middle_East,
   L  #Aram,
   P  #Asia;


#Republic_of_the_Sudan__Sudan__Soudan (^a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Kordofan  #Khartoum  #Nyala  #Port_Sudan  #Omdurman  #Nile_River,
   m  #Sudanese,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Africa;


#Somalia (^a republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali Peninsula; subject to tribal warfare^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Mogadishu  #Hargeisa,
   m  #Somali.African  #Somalian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Somali_peninsula;


#Saudi_Arabia__Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia (^a kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Riyadh  #Mecca  #Medina  #Jiddah,
   m  #Saudi_Arabian,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Middle_East  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#Qatar__State_of_Qatar__Katar__State_of_Katar (^an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Doha,
   m  #Qatari,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Qatar_Peninsula;


#Oman__Sultanate_of_Oman__Muscat_and_Oman (^a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Muscat,
   m  #Omani,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Arabian_Peninsula;


#Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib (^a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Casablanca  #El_Aaium  #Fez  #Marrakesh  #Rabat  #Tangier  #Western_Sahara  #Jebel_Musa,
   m  #Moroccan,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Africa;


#Mauritania__Islamic_Republic_of_Mauritania__Mauritanie__Muritaniya (^a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Nouakchott,
   m  #Mauritanian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Africa;


#Libya__Socialist_People's_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya (^a military dictatorship in North Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Tripoli  #Benghazi,
   m  #Libyan,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Africa;


#Lebanon__Lebanese_Republic (^an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Beirut  #Tarabulus  #Saida  #Sur,
   m  #Lebanese,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Middle_East  #Asia;


#Kuwait__State_of_Kuwait__Koweit (^an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Kuwait_City,
   m  #Kuwaiti,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Middle_East  #Asia;


#Jordan__Hashemite_Kingdom_of_Jordan (^an Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Jordan_River  #Amman  #Aqaba  #Jericho  #Zarqa  #Dead_Sea,
   m  #Jordanian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Middle_East  #Asia;


#Iraq__Republic_of_Iraq__Al-Iraq__Irak (^a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Baghdad  #Basra  #Mosul  #Mesopotamia  #Babylonia  #Sumer  #Assyria  #Assur  #Nineveh  #Euphrates_River  #Tigris_River,
   m  #Iraqi,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Middle_East  #Asia;


#Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic (^a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #battle_of_El_Alamein  #Aswan_High_Dam  #Sinai_Peninsula  #El_Iskandriyah  #Aswan  #Cairo  #El_Alamein  #Giza  #Memphis.Egypt  #Luxor  #Saqqara  #Suez  #Suez_Canal  #Lake_Nasser  #Nile_River,
   m  #Egyptian.African,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Middle_East  #Africa;


#Bahrain__State_of_Bahrain__Bahrein (^an island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s^)
   ^  #Asian_country,
   p  #Manama,
   m  #Bahraini,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Asia;


#Djibouti__Republic_of_Djibouti__Afars_and_Issas (^a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Djibouti.capital,
   m  #Djiboutian,
   M  #Arab_League,
   P  #Somali_peninsula;


#Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie (^a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s^)
   ^  #African_country,
   p  #Algiers  #Oran,
   m  #Algerian,
   M  #Arab_League  #Organization_of_Petroleum-Exporting_Countries,
   P  #Africa;


#Arab_League (^an international organization of independent Arab states formed in 1945 to promote cultural and economic and military and political and social cooperation^)
   ^  #world_organization,
   m  #Algeria  #Djibouti  #Bahrain  #Egypt  #Iraq  #Jordan  #Kuwait  #Lebanon  #Libya  #Mauritania  #Morocco  #Oman  #Qatar  #Saudi_Arabia  #Somalia  #Republic_of_the_Sudan  #Syria  #Tunisia  #United_Arab_Emirates  #Yemen;


#Third_Reich (^the Nazi dictatorship under Hitler (1933-1945)^)
   ^  #Reich;


#Hohenzollern_empire__Second_Reich (^1871-1919^)
   ^  #Reich;


#Third_World (^underdeveloped and developing countries of Asia and Africa and Latin America collectively^)
   ^  #aggregation;


#Free_World (^anti-Communist countries collectively^)
   ^  #aggregation;


#Carter_administration (^the executive under President Carter^)
   ^  #executive;


#Reagan_administration (^the executive under President Reagan^)
   ^  #executive;


#Bush_administration (^the executive under President Bush^)
   ^  #executive;


#Clinton_administration (^the executive under President Clinton^)
   ^  #executive;


#Estates_General (^assembly of the estates of all France; last meeting in 1789^)
   ^  #States_General;


#House_of_Lords (^the upper house of the British parliament^)
   ^  #house.legislature,
   m  #peer_of_the_realm,
   M  #parliament;


#House_of_Commons (^the lower house of the British parliament^)
   ^  #house.legislature,
   m  #Parliamentarian,
   M  #parliament;


#House_of_Representatives (^the lower legislative house of the United States Congress^)
   ^  #house.legislature,
   M  #United_States_Congress;


#United_States_Congress__Congress (^the legislature of the United States government^)
   ^  #legislature,
   m  #United_States_Senate  #House_of_Representatives,
   M  #legislative_branch;


#United_States_Senate__Senate (^the upper house of the United States Congress^)
   ^  #senate,
   M  #United_States_Congress;


#Yuan_dynasty__Yuan__Mongol_dynasty (^the imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#House_of_York__York (^the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family;


#George_VI (^King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1936 to 1947; he succeeded Edward VIII (1895-1952)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Windsor;


#Elizabeth_II__Elizabeth (^daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926- )^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Windsor;


#Edward_VIII__Duke_of_Windsor (^King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Windsor;


#House_of_Windsor__Windsor (^the British royal family since 1917^)
   ^  #dynasty,
   m  #Edward_VIII  #Elizabeth_II  #George_V  #George_VI;


#Valois (^French ruling dynasty from 1328 to 1589^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Mary_I__Mary_Tudor__Bloody_Mary (^daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558; she was the wife of Philip II of Spain and when she restored Roman Catholicism to England many Protestants were burned at the stake as heretics (1516-1558)^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Tudor;


#Henry_VIII (^son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547; his divorce from Catherine of Aragon resulted in his break with the Catholic Church in 1534 and the start of the English Reformation (1491-1547)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Tudor;


#Henry_VII__Henry_Tudor (^first Tudor king of England from 1485 to 1509; head of the house of Lancaster in the War of the Roses; defeated Richard III at Bosworth Field and was proclaimed king; married the daughter of Edward IV and so united the houses of York and Lancaster (1457-1509)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Tudor;


#Lady_Jane_Grey__Grey (^Queen of England for nine days in 1553; she was quickly replaced by Mary Tudor and beheaded for treason (1537-1554)^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Tudor;


#Elizabeth_I__Elizabeth  (^Queen of England from 1558 to 1603; daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn; she succeeded the Catholic Mary I and restored Protestantism to England; during her reign Mary Queen of Scots was executed and the Spanish Armada was defeated; her reign was marked by prosperity and literary genius (1533-1603)^)
   ^  #Queen_of_England,
   M  #House_of_Tudor;


#House_of_Tudor__Tudor  (^an English dynasty descended from Owen Tudor; Tudor monarchs ruled from Henry VII to Elizabeth I (from 1485 to 1603)^)
   ^  #dynasty,
   m  #Elizabeth_I  #Lady_Jane_Grey  #Henry_VII  #Henry_VIII  #Mary_I;


#Tang_dynasty__Tang (^the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Sung_dynasty__Sung__Song__Song_dynasty (^the imperial dynasty of China from 960 to 1279; noted for art and literature and philosophy^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Stuart (^the royal family that ruled Scotland and England^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family;


#Shang_dynasty__Shang (^the imperial dynasty ruling China from about the 18th to the 12th centuries BC^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#George_V (^King of Great Britain and Ireland and emperor of India from 1910 to 1936; gave up his German title in 1917 during World War I (1865-1936)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #Saxe-Coburg-Gotha  #House_of_Windsor;


#Edward_VII__Albert_Edward (^King of England from 1901 to 1910; son of Victoria and Prince Albert; famous for his elegant sporting ways (1841-1910)^)
   ^  #King_of_England,
   M  #Saxe-Coburg-Gotha;


#Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (^the name of the royal family that ruled Great Britain from 1901-1917^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family,
   m  #Edward_VII  #George_V;


#Romanov__Romanoff (^the Russian imperial line that ruled from 1613 to 1917^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family;


#Qing_dynasty__Qing__Ch'ing__Ch'ing_dynasty__Manchu__Manchu_dynasty (^the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Plantagenet_line__Plantagenet (^the family name of a line of English kings that reigned from 1154 to 1485^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family;


#Ming_dynasty__Ming (^the imperial dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#House_of_Lancaster__Lancaster__Lancastrian_line (^the English royal house that reigned from 1399 to 1461; its emblem was a red rose^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family,
   m  #Lancastrian.English_person;


#Frederick_William_Iv (^King of Prussia who violently suppressed democratic movements (1795-1865)^)
   ^  #male_monarch,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Frederick_William_III (^King of Prussia who became involved in the Napoleonic Wars (1770-1840)^)
   ^  #male_monarch,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Frederick_William_II (^King of Prussia who became involved in a costly war with Revolutionary France (1744-1797)^)
   ^  #male_monarch,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Frederick_William_I (^son of Frederick I who became King of Prussia in 1713; reformed and strengthened the Prussian army (1688-1740)^)
   ^  #male_monarch,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Frederick_William__the_Great_Elector (^Elector of Brandenburg who rebuilt his domain after its destruction during the Thirty Years' War (1620-1688)^)
   ^  #Elector,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Frederick_I (^son of Frederick William who in 1701 became the first king of Prussia (1657-1713)^)
   ^  #male_monarch,
   M  #Hohenzollern;


#Hohenzollern (^a German noble family that ruled Brandenburg and Prussia^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family,
   m  #Frederick_I  #Frederick_William  #Frederick_William_I  #Frederick_William_II  #Frederick_William_III  #Frederick_William_Iv;


#Hapsburg__Habsburg (^a royal German family that provided rulers for several European states and wore the crown of the Holy Roman Empire from 1440 to 1806^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family;


#House_of_Hanover__Hanover__Hanoverian_line (^the English royal house that reigned from 1714 to 1901 (from George I to Victoria)^)
   ^  #dynasty  #royal_family,
   m  #Hanoverian.English_person  #Hanoverian;


#Han_dynasty__Han (^imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Liao_dynasty__Liao (^the dynasty that ruled much of Manchuria and northeastern China from 947 to 1125^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Carolingian_dynasty (^a dynasty of French kings that ruled from 751 to 987^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Capet (^a dynasty of French kings that ruled from 987 to 1328^)
   ^  #dynasty;


#Bourbon.royal_family (^a European royal line that ruled in France (from 1589-1793) and Spain and Naples and Sicily^)
   ^  #royal_family,
   m  #Bourbon.swayer;


#Assemblies_of_God (^a charismatic Protestant denomination in the United States^)
   ^  #Protestant_denomination;


#Religious_Society_of_Friends__Society_of_Friends__Quakers (^a Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660; commonly called Quakers^)
   ^  #religious_sect,
   m  #Friend;


#United_States_Secret_Service (^a bureau of the Treasury Department responsible for intelligence operations^)
   ^  #secret_service,
   P  #Department_of_the_Treasury;


#FBI__Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation  (^the law enforcement agency in the Justice Department^)
   ^  #government_agency,
   P  #Department_of_Justice;


#White_House (^the chief executive department of the United States government^)
   ^  #executive_department;


#NASA__National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration  (^an independent agency of the United States government responsible for aviation and spaceflight^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#CIA__Central_Intelligence_Agency  (^an independent agency of the United States government responsible for collecting and coordinating intelligence and counterintelligence activities abroad in the national interest; under the supervision of the National Security Council^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#Center_for_Disease_Control (^a government agency in Atlanta that investigates and diagnoses and tries to control diseases (especially new and unusual diseases)^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#Environmental_Protection_Agency__EPA (^a federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment^)
   ^  #government_agency;


#Manhattan_Project (^a former United States agency that was responsible for developing atomic bombs during World War II^)
   ^  #government_agency,
   P  #executive_branch;


#Atomic_Energy_Commission__AEC (^a former agency (from 1946 to 1974) that was responsible for research into atomic energy and its peacetime uses in the United States^)
   ^  #government_agency,
   P  #executive_branch;


#Society_of_Jesus (^the Jesuits: a Roman Catholic religious order^)
   ^  #religious_sect,
   m  #Jesuit,
   P  #Roman_Catholic_Church;


#Sinn_Fein (^an Irish republican political movement founded in 1905 to promote independence from England and unification of Ireland; became the political branch of the Irish Republican Army^)
   ^  #political_movement,
   P  #Irish_Republican_Army;


#Herbert_Marx__Zeppo__Marx  (^United States comedian; one of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1901-1979)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Marx_Brothers;


#Arthur_Marx__Harpo__Marx  (^United States comedian; one of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1893-1964)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Marx_Brothers;


#Leonard_Marx__Chico__Marx  (^United States comedian; one of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1891-1961)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Marx_Brothers;


#Julius_Marx__Groucho__Marx  (^United States comedian; oldest of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1890-1977)^)
   ^  #comic,
   M  #Marx_Brothers;


#Vishnu (^the Sustainer; a Hindu divinity worshipped as the preserver of worlds^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity,
   M  #Trimurti;


#Siva__Shiva (^the Destroyer; one of the three major divinities in the later Hindu pantheon^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity,
   =  #Bairava,
   M  #Trimurti;


#Brahma (^the Creator; one of the three major deities in the later Hindu pantheon^)
   ^  #Hindu_deity,
   M  #Trimurti;


#United_States_Constitution__Constitution_of_the_United_States (^the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states^)
   ^  #fundamental_law,
   p  #advice_and_consent  #Bill_of_Rights  #Fourteenth_Amendment  #Eighteenth_Amendment  #Twentieth_Amendment;


#Declaration_of_Independence (^the document recording the proclamation of the 2nd American Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain^)
   ^  #resolution;


#Domesday_Book (^record of a British land survey ordered by William the Conqueror^)
   ^  #written_record;


#Arabic_alphabet (^the alphabet of 28 characters derived from Aramaic and used for writing Arabic languages^)
   ^  #alphabet;


#Cyrillic_alphabet__Cyrillic (^an alphabet drived from the Greek alphabet and used for writing Slavic language^)
   ^  #alphabet;


#Greek_alphabet (^the alphabet used by ancient Greeks^)
   ^  #alphabet,
   m  #alpha  #beta  #gamma  #delta.letter_of_the_alphabet  #epsilon  #zeta  #eta  #theta  #iota  #kappa  #lambda.letter_of_the_alphabet  #mu  #nu  #xi  #omicron  #pi  #rho  #sigma  #tau  #upsilon  #phi  #chi  #psi  #omega;


#Hebrew_alphabet__Hebraic_alphabet__Aramaic_alphabet (^a Semitic alphabet used since the 5th century BC^)
   ^  #alphabet,
   m  #aleph  #beth  #gimel  #daleth  #he  #waw  #zayin  #heth  #teth  #yodh  #kaph  #lamedh  #mem  #nun.letter_of_the_alphabet  #samekh  #ayin,
   p  #pe  #sadhe  #qoph  #resh  #sin  #shin.letter_of_the_alphabet  #taw;


#Roman_alphabet (^the alphabet evolved by the ancient Romans which serves for writing most of the languages of western Europe^)
   ^  #alphabet,
   m  #A  #B  #c  #D  #E  #F  #G  #H  #i  #J  #K  #L  #M  #n  #O  #P  #Q  #R  #S  #T  #U  #V  #W  #X  #Y;


#New_Latin_Utopia__Utopia (^a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island^)
   ^  #book;


#Gotterdammerung__Ragnarok__Twilight_of_the_Gods (^myth about the ultimate destruction of the gods in a battle with evil^)
   ^  #myth;


#Linear_B (^a syllabic script used in Greece in the 13th century B.C.^)
   ^  #syllabary;


#Linear_A (^an undeciphered writing system used in Crete in the 17th century B.C.^)
   ^  #orthography;


#Tetragrammaton (^four Hebrew letters (usually transliterated as YHWH (Yahweh) or JHVH (Jehovah)) signifying the Hebrew name for God (which the Jews regarded as too holy to pronounce)^)
   ^  #tetragram;


#ASCII_character_set (^(computer science) 128 characters that make up the ASCII coding scheme; "the ASCII character set is the most universal character coding set"^)
   ^  #character_set;


#ASCII (^(computer science) American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a code for information exchange between computers made by different companies; a string of 7 binary digits represents each character; used in most microcomputers^)
   ^  #computer_code,
   p  #ASCII_character;


#Tao (^(Taoism) the ultimate principle of the universe^)
   ^  #principle.natural_law,
   P  #Daoism;


#Sydney_Harbor_Bridge (^a steel arch bridge in Sydney, Australia^)
   ^  #steel_arch_bridge,
   P  #Sydney;


#kingdom_Animalia__Animalia__animal_kingdom (^taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct animals^)
   ^  #kingdom,
   m  #animal  #animal_order  #phylum_Chordata  #arthropod_family  #arthropod_genus  #phylum_Arthropoda  #subkingdom_Parazoa  #coelenterate_family  #coelenterate_genus  #subkingdom_Metazoa  #ctenophore_family  #ctenophore_genus  #phylum_Ctenophora  #worm_family  #worm_genus  #phylum_Acanthocephala  #phylum_Chaetognatha  #phylum_Platyhelminthes  #phylum_Nemertea  #phylum_Pogonophora  #phylum_Rotifera  #phylum_Nematoda  #phylum_Annelida  #mollusk_family  #mollusk_genus  #phylum_Mollusca  #phylum_Phoronida  #phylum_Bryozoa  #phylum_Cycliophora  #phylum_Brachiopoda  #phylum_Sipuncula  #echinoderm_family  #echinoderm_genus  #phylum_Echinodermata;


#World_War_II__World_War___Second_World_War (^a war between the Allies (Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada China Colombia Costa-Rico Cuba Czechoslovakia Dominican-Republic El-Salvador Ethiopia Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras India Iran Iraq Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New-Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Philippines Poland South-Africa United-Kingdom US USSR Yugoslavia) and the Axis (Albania Bulgaria Finland Germany Hungary Italy Japan Rumania Slovakia Thailand) from 1939 to 1945^)
   ^  #world_war,
   p  #Bataan  #Battle_of_Britain  #battle_of_the_Ardennes_Bulge  #battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea  #battle_of_the_Coral_Sea  #Dunkerque  #battle_of_El_Alamein  #Eniwetok  #battle_of_Guadalcanal  #invasion_of_Iwo  #Kwajalein  #Leyte_invasion  #battle_of_Midway  #Okinawa_campaign  #battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea  #Saipan  #Salerno  #WWII_battle_of_the_Somme  #Tarawa-Makin  #battle_of_Wake_Island;


#World_War_I__World_War___Great_War__First_World_War__War_to_End_War (^a war between the Allies (Russia France British-Empire Italy US Japan Rumania Serbia Belgium Greece Portugal Montenegro) and the Central Powers (Germany Austria-Hungary Turkey Bulgaria) from 1914 to 1918^)
   ^  #world_war,
   p  #battle_of_the_Marne  #battle_of_Caporetto  #Dardanelles_campaign  #battle_of_Jutland  #Meuse-Argonne_operation  #battle_of_Soissons-Reims  #WWI_battle_of_the_Somme  #battle_of_Tannenberg  #battle_of_Verdun  #first_battle_of_Ypres  #second_battle_of_Ypres  #third_battle_of_Ypres;


#War_of_1812 (^a war (1812-1814) between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France^)
   ^  #war.military_action;


#War_of_the_Roses__Wars_of_the_Roses  (^struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Bosworth_Field,
   l  #England;


#War_of_the_Spanish_Succession (^a general war in Europe (1701-1714) that broke out when Louis XIV of France installed his grandson Philip on the throne of Spain; England and Holland hoped to limit Louis' power^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Blenheim;


#War_of_the_Grand_Alliance__War_of_the_League_of_Augsburg (^an aggressive war waged by Louis XIV against Spain and the Empire and England and Holland and other states (1689-1697)^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Boyne;


#War_of_the_Austrian_Succession (^Prussian and Austria fought over Silesia and most of the rest of Europe took sides; 1740-1748^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Fontenoy;


#Vietnam_War (^a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam supported by the US^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #Vietnam;


#Trojan_War (^(Greek mythology) a great war fought between Greece and Troy; the Greeks sailed to Troy to recover Helen of Troy, the beautiful wife of the Greek King Menelaus who had been abducted by Paris; after ten years the Greeks (via the Trojan Horse) achieved final victory and burned Troy to the ground; "the story of the Trojan War is told in Homer's Iliad"^)
   ^  #war.military_action;


#Thirty_Years'_War (^a series of conflicts (1618-1648) starting between German Protestants and Catholics and spreading until France and Denmark and Sweden were opposing the Holy Roman Empire and Spain^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Lutzen  #battle_of_Rocroi;


#Spanish-American_War__Spanish_War (^a war between the US and Spain in 1898^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Manila_Bay  #Santiago;


#Seven_Years'_War (^a war of England and Prussia against France and Austria (1756-1763); Britain and Prussia got the better of it^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Minden  #battle_of_Rossbach  #French_and_Indian_War;


#Russo-Japanese_War (^Japanese victory in the war with Russia (1904-1905) gave Japan power over Korea and Manchuria^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Tsushima;


#Russian_Revolution__October_Revolution (^the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922^)
   ^  #coup_d'etat,
   P  #USSR;


#February_Revolution__Russian_Revolution (^the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917^)
   ^  #revolution,
   P  #USSR;


#Restoration  (^the re-establishment of the British monarchy in 1660^)
   ^  #group_action,
   l  #England;


#Punic_Wars (^three wars between Carthage and Rome resulting in the destruction of Carthage: 264-241 BC, 218-201 BC, 149-146 BC^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Aegates_Isles  #Cannae  #Battle_of_Lake_Trasimenus  #Metaurus_River  #battle_of_Zama;


#Persian_Gulf_War (^a war in which the US and its allies freed Kuwait from Iraqi invaders; 1990-1991^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Operation_Desert_Storm;


#Peloponnesian_War (^a war in which Athens and its allies were defeated by the league centered on Sparta; 431-404 BC^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Aegospotami;


#Norman_Conquest (^the invasion and settlement of England by the Normans following the Battle of Hastings (1066)^)
   ^  #conquering,
   p  #battle_of_Hastings;


#Napoleonic_Wars (^a series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times; 1799-1815^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Austerlitz  #Borodino  #battle_of_Hohenlinden  #battle_of_Jena  #Marengo  #battle_of_Trafalgar  #battle_of_Wagram  #battle_of_Waterloo;


#Mexican_War (^after disputes over Texas lands that were settled by Mexicans the US declared war on Mexico in 1846 and by treaty in 1848 took Texas and California and Arizona and New Mexico and Nevada and Utah and part of Colorado and paid Mexico $15,000,000^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Buena_Vista  #Chapultepec;


#Mexican_Revolution (^1910-1911^)
   ^  #revolution,
   P  #Mexico;


#Korean_War (^a war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations; 1950-1953^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #Inchon  #Yalu_River,
   P  #Korea;


#Iran-Iraq_War (^a dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution^)
   ^  #war.military_action;


#Hundred_Years'_War (^the series of wars fought intermittently between France and England; 1337-1453^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Crecy;


#French_Revolution (^the revolution in France against the Bourbons; 1789-1799^)
   ^  #revolution  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#French_and_Indian_War (^a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes); 1755-1760^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #Seven_Years'_War;


#Franco-Prussian_War (^a war between France and Prussia that ended the French Second Empire and led to the founding of the German empire; 1870-1871^)
   ^  #war.military_action;


#English_Revolution__Glorious_Revolution__Bloodless_Revolution (^the revolution against James II of England; there was little armed resistance to William and Mary in England although battles were fought in Scotland and Ireland (1688-1689)^)
   ^  #revolution;


#English_Civil_War  (^English history: war between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists under Charles I; 1644-1648^)
   ^  #civil_war,
   p  #Drogheda  #battle_of_Marston_Moor  #battle_of_Naseby,
   l  #England;


#Crimean_War (^a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England France Turkey Sardinia; 1853-1856^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #Crimea;


#Chino-Japanese_War (^ware between China and Japan over control of Korea; China was defeated; 1894-1895^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #China  #Korea;


#Chinese_Revolution (^the republican revolution against the Manchu dynasty in China; 1911-1912^)
   ^  #revolution,
   P  #China;


#Balkan_Wars (^wars between Turkey and Balkan countries (Greece and Serbia and Bulgaria) and later between Turkey and Montenegro; 1912-1914^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   p  #battle_of_Lule_Burgas,
   P  #Balkan_Peninsula;


#Arab-Israeli_War__Yom_Kippur_War (^Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in October 1973 (on Yom Kippur); Israel counterattacked and drove the Syrians back and crossed the Suez Canal into Egypt^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #Middle_East;


#Six_Day_War__Arab-Israeli_War (^tension between Arabs and Israeli erupted into a brief war in June 1967; Israel emerged as a major power in the Middle East^)
   ^  #war.military_action,
   P  #Middle_East;


#American_Revolution__War_of_American_Independence__American_War_of_Independence (^the revolution of the American colonies against Great Britain; 1775-1783^)
   ^  #revolution,
   p  #battle_of_Bunker_Hill  #battle_of_Cowpens  #Fort_Ticonderoga  #Lexington_and_Concord  #battle_of_Monmouth_Court_House  #battle_of_Saratoga  #Yorktown;


#American_Civil_War__War_between_the_States (^US history: civil war between the North and the South; 1861-1865^)
   ^  #civil_war,
   p  #battle_of_Atlanta  #Bull_Run  #Chancellorsville  #battle_of_Chattanooga  #battle_of_Chickamauga  #battle_of_Fredericksburg  #battle_of_Gettysburg  #Hampton_Roads  #Kennesaw_Mountain  #Petersburg_Campaign  #battle_of_Shiloh  #siege_of_Vicksburg  #Wilderness_Campaign,
   P  #USA;


#battle_of_Zama__Zama (^the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Punic_Wars  #Tunisia;


#third_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres (^battle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_I  #Belgium;


#second_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres (^battle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_I  #Belgium;


#first_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres (^battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_I  #Belgium;


#Yorktown  (^American Revolution (1781): the British under Cornwallis surrendered after a siege of three weeks by American and French troops^)
   ^  #siege,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Revolution;


#Yalu_River (^a battle in the Korean War (November 1950); when UN troops advanced north to the Yalu River 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the river and drove them back^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Korean_War  #North_Korea;


#Wilderness_Campaign  (^American Civil War; a series of indecisive battles in Grant's campaign (1864) against Lee in which both armies suffered terrible losses^)
   ^  #military_campaign,
   p  #battle_of_Spotsylvania_Courthouse,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#battle_of_Waterloo__Waterloo (^the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat; Prussian and British forces under Blucher and the Duke of Wellington routed the French forces under Napoleon^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars  #Belgium;


#Wake_Island__Wake  (^an island in the western Pacific between Guam and Hawaii^)
   ^  #island,
   L  #battle_of_Wake_Island,
   P  #Pacific_Ocean;


#battle_of_Wake_Island__battle_of_Wake  (^in December 1941 the island was captured by the Japanese after a gallant last-ditch stand by a few hundred US marines^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   l  #Wake_Island,
   P  #World_War_II;


#Austria__Republic_of_Austria__Oesterreich  (^a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Hapsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Tyrol  #Vienna  #Graz  #Linz  #Salzburg  #Innsbruck  #the_Alps  #Danube_River,
   m  #Austrian,
   L  #battle_of_Wagram,
   M  #European_Union,
   P  #Europe;


#battle_of_Wagram__Wagram  (^a battle in the Napoleonic campaigns (1809); Napoleon defeated the Austrians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Austria,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars;


#siege_of_Vicksburg__Vicksburg (^a decisive battle in the American Civil War (1863); after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Mississippi;


#battle_of_Verdun__Verdun (^a battle in World War I (1916); in some of the bloodiest fighting in World War I the German offensive was stopped^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #World_War_I;


#battle_of_Valmy__Valmy (^the French defeated the Austrian and Prussian troops in 1792 (with a famous cannonade from the French artillery)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Tsushima (^a naval battle in the Russo-Japanese War (1905); the Japanese fleet defeated the Russian fleet in the Korean Strait^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Russo-Japanese_War  #Korean_Strait;


#battle_of_Trasimeno__Trasimeno (^a battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Italy;


#battle_of_Trafalgar__Trafalgar (^a naval battle in 1805 off the SW coast of Spain; the French and Spanish fleets were defeated by the English under Nelson (who was mortally wounded)^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars;


#battle_of_Thermopylae__Thermopylae (^a famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Tewkesbury__Tewkesbury  (^the final battle of the War of the Roses in 1471 in which Edward IV defeated the Lancastrians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #England;


#battle_of_Teutoburger_Wald__Teutoburger_Wald (^a battle in 9 AD in which the Germans under Arminius annihilated three Roman legions^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Germany;


#battle_of_Tertry__Tertry (^a battle in France in 687 among the descendants of Clovis^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Tarawa-Makin__Tarawa__Makin (^battles in World War II in the Pacific (November 1943); US Marines took the islands from the Japanese after bitter fighting^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Gilbert_Islands;


#battle_of_Tannenberg__Tannenberg (^a battle in World War I (1914); decisive German victory over the Russians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_I  #Poland;


#siege_of_Syracuse.siege__Syracuse (^the Roman siege of Syracuse (214-212 BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city (killing Archimedes)^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #Sicilia;


#siege_of_Syracuse__Syracuse (^the Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #Sicilia;


#battle_of_Spotsylvania_Courthouse__Spotsylvania  (^a battle between the armies of Grant and Lee during the Wilderness Campaign^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #Wilderness_Campaign;


#Battle_of_the_Spanish_Armada (^in the English Channel British ships successfully defeated the large armada sent from Spain by Philip II to invade England^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #English_Channel;


#WWII_battle_of_the_Somme__Somme__Somme_River__battle_of_the_Somme  (^battle of World War II (1944)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #World_War_II;


#WWI_battle_of_the_Somme__Somme__Somme_River__battle_of_the_Somme  (^battle in World War I (1916)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #World_War_I;


#battle_of_Solferino__Solferino (^an indecisive battle in 1859 between the French and Sardinians under Emperor Napoleon III and the Austrians under Emperor Francis Joseph I^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Italy;


#battle_of_Soissons-Reims__Soissons__battle_of_the_Chemin-des-Dames__battle_of_the_Aisne (^a battle in World War I (May 1918); the Germans tried to attack before the American numbers were too great to defeat; the tactical success of the Germans proved to be a strategic failure^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #World_War_I;


#battle_of_Shiloh__Shiloh__battle_of_Pittsburgh_Landing (^the second great battle of the American Civil War (1862); the battle ended with the withdrawal of Confederate troops but is was not a Union victory^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Tennessee;


#battle_of_Sempatch__Sempatch (^the Swiss Confederation escaped Hapsburg domination by their victory in 1386^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Switzerland;


#battle_of_Saratoga__Saratoga (^a battle during the American Revolutionary War (1777); the British under Burgoyne were defeated^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Revolution  #New_York_State;


#Santiago__Santiago_de_Cuba (^a naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the US fleet bottled up the Spanish ships in the harbor of Santiago de Cuba and destroyed them when they tried to escape^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Spanish-American_War  #Cuba;


#Salerno (^a battle in World War II; the port was captured by US troops in September 1943^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Italy;


#Saipan (^US forces captured the island from the Japanese in July 1944; it was an important air base until the end of World War II^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Saipan.island;


#battle_of_Rossbach__Rossbach (^a battle in the Seven Years' War (1757); Prussian forces under Frederick the Great defeated the armies of France and Austria^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Seven_Years'_War  #Germany;


#battle_of_Rocroi__Rocroi (^a battle in the Thirty Years' War (1643); the French defeated the Spanish invaders^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #Thirty_Years'_War;


#battle_of_Ravenna__Ravenna (^a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Italy;


#battle_of_Pydna__Pydna (^a major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Macedon;


#Port_Arthur (^a battle in the Chino-Japanese war (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Manchuria;


#battle_of_Poitiers__Poitiers (^the battle in 1356 in which the English under the Black Prince defeated the French^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Plevna__Pleven (^the town was taken from the Turks by the Russians in 1877 after a siege of 143 days^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #Bulgaria;


#Boeotia  (^a district of ancient Greece northwest of Athens^)
   ^  #district,
   p  #Thebes,
   L  #battle_of_Plataea,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Plataea__Plataea  (^a defeat of the Persian army by the Greeks in 479 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Boeotia;


#battle_of_Plassey__Plassey (^the victory in 1757 by the British under Clive over Siraj-ud-daula that establish British supremacy over India^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #India;


#battle_of_the_Philippine_Sea__Philippine_Sea (^a naval battle in World War II (1944); a decisive naval victory for the US fleet over the Japanese who were trying to block supplies from reaching American troops on Leyte^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Pacific_Ocean;


#battle_of_Philippi__Philippi (^Octavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Macedonia;


#battle_of_Pharsalus__Pharsalus (^Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#Petersburg_Campaign__Petersburg  (^the final campaign of the American Civil War (1864-65); Union forces under Grant besieged and finally defeated Confederate forces under Lee^)
   ^  #military_campaign  #siege,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#Sicilia__Sicily (^the largest island in the Mediterranean^)
   ^  #island,
   p  #siege_of_Syracuse  #siege_of_Syracuse.siege,
   L  #battle_of_Cape_Passero,
   P  #Mediterranean_Sea;


#battle_of_Cape_Passero__Passero__Cape_Passero__Passero_Cape  (^the Spanish Navy was destroyed by France and England while attempting to recover Sicily and Sardinia from Italy (1719)^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   l  #Sicilia;


#battle_of_Panipat__Panipat (^battle in which the ruler of Afghanistan defeated the Mahrattas in 1761^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #India;


#siege_of_Orleans__Orleans (^a long siege by the English was relieved by Joan of Arc in 1429^)
   ^  #siege  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Operation_Desert_Storm (^the US and its allies defeated Iraq in a ground war that lasted 100 hours (1991)^)
   ^  #military_operation,
   P  #Persian_Gulf_War  #Middle_East;


#battle_of_Omdurman__Omdurman (^a battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Lord Kitchener defeated the Sudanese^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Sudan;


#Okinawa_campaign__Okinawa (^a campaign in the closing days of World War II in the Pacific (April to June 1945); in savage close-quarter fighting US marines and regular army troops took the island from the Japanese; considered the greatest victory of the Pacific campaign for the Americans^)
   ^  #military_campaign,
   P  #World_War_II  #Okinawa;


#battle_of_Navarino__Navarino (^a naval battle in the War of Greek Independence (1827); the Turkish and Egyptian fleet was defeated by the allied fleet^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Naseby__Naseby (^a battle in 1645 that settled the outcome of the first English Civil War as the Parliamentarians won a major victory over the Royalists^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #English_Civil_War;


#battle_of_Monmouth_Court_House__Monmouth_Court_House (^a battle during the American Revolution (1778) that ended with the withdrawal of the British forces^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Revolution  #New_Jersey;


#battle_of_Minden__Minden (^a battle in the Seven Years' War (1759) in which the English forces and their allies defeated the French^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Seven_Years'_War  #Germany;


#battle_of_Midway__Midway (^naval battle of World War II (June 1942); land and carrier-based American planes decisively defeated a Japanese fleet on its way to invade the Midway Islands^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Midway_Islands;


#battle_of_Saint_Mihiel__Saint_Mihiel__St-Mihiel__battle_of_St-Mihiel  (^a battle in the Meuse-Argonne operation in World War I (1918); the battle in which American troops launched their first offensive in France^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #Meuse-Argonne_operation;


#Meuse-Argonne_operation__Meuse__Meuse_River__Argonne__Argonne_Forest__Meuse-Argonne (^an American operation in World War I (1918); American troops under Pershing drove back the German armies which were saved only by the Armistice on November 11^)
   ^  #military_operation  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   p  #battle_of_Saint_Mihiel,
   P  #World_War_I;


#Metaurus_River (^a battle during the second of the Punic Wars (207 BC); Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal was defeated by the Romans which ended Hannibal's hopes for success in Italy^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Punic_Wars  #Italy;


#battle_of_Marston_Moor__Marston_Moor (^a battle in 1644 in which the Parliamentarians under the earl of Manchester defeated the Royalists under Prince Rupert^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #English_Civil_War;


#Marengo (^a battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars  #Italy;


#battle_of_Marathon__Marathon (^a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#Mantinea__Mantineia (^the site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#Manila_Bay (^a naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the American fleet under Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Spanish-American_War  #Republic_of_the_Philippines;


#battle_of_Maldon__Maldon  (^a battle in which the Danes defeated the East Saxons in 991; celebrated in an old English poem^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #England;


#battle_of_Magenta__Magenta (^a battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Italy;


#battle_of_Lutzen__Lutzen (^a battle in the Thirty Years' War (1632); Swedes under King Gustavus Adolphus defeated the Imperialists under Wallenstein; Gustavus was killed^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Thirty_Years'_War  #Germany;


#battle_of_Lule_Burgas__Lule_Burgas (^the principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Balkan_Wars  #Thrace;


#Lucknow (^the British were besieged during the Indian Mutiny (1857)^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #India;


#Battle_of_the_Little_Bighorn__Little_Bighorn__Battle_of_Little_Bighorn__Custer's_Last_Stand (^a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between General Custer's cavalry and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command^)
   ^  #massacre,
   P  #Montana;


#Leyte_invasion__Leyte__Leyte_Island (^a battle in World War II; the return of US troops to the Philippines began with landings on Leyte Island in October 1944; first use of Kamikaze aircraft by the Japanese^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Philippines;


#Lexington_and_Concord__Lexington__Concord (^the first battle of the American Revolution (April 19, 1775)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Revolution;


#battle_of_Leuctra__Leuctra (^Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Lepanto__Lepanto (^Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Langside__Langside (^(1568) Catholic forces supporting Mary Queen of Scots were routed by Protestants under her half-brother Lord James Stuart, Earl of Murray^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Scotland;


#Battle_of_Lake_Trasimenus__Lake_Trasimenus (^a battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Punic_Wars  #Italy;


#Kennesaw_Mountain (^battle of the American Civil War (1864); Union forces under William Tecumseh Sherman were repulsed by Confederate troops under Joseph Eggleston Johnston^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Georgia;


#Denmark__Kingdom_of_Denmark__Danmark  (^a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea^)
   ^  #Scandinavian_country,
   p  #Zealand  #Copenhagen  #Arhus  #Aalborg  #Viborg,
   m  #Dane,
   L  #battle_of_Jutland,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO  #Scandinavia,
   P  #Jutland;


#battle_of_Jutland__Jutland  (^an indecisive naval battle in World War I (1916); fought between the British and German fleets off the NW coast of Denmark^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   l  #Denmark,
   P  #World_War_I;


#battle_of_Jena__Jena (^the battle in 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars  #Germany;


#invasion_of_Iwo__Iwo__Iwo_Jima (^a bloody and prolonged operation in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945)^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Pacific_Ocean;


#battle_of_Ivry__Ivry__Ivry_la_Bataille (^a battle (1590) in which the Huguenots under Henry IV of France defeated the Catholics under the duke of Mayenne^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#battle_of_Issus__Issus  (^a battle (333 BC) in which Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Asia_Minor;


#battle_of_Ipsus__Ipsus  (^a battle between the successors of Alexander the Great (301 BC); Lysimachus and Seleucus defeated Antigonus and Demetrius^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Asia_Minor;


#Inchon (^a battle in the Korean War (1950); US forces landed at Inchon^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #Korean_War  #South_Korea;


#Bavaria  (^a state in southwestern Germany famous for its beer; site of automobile factory^)
   ^  #state.administrative_district,
   L  #battle_of_Hohenlinden,
   P  #Germany;


#battle_of_Hohenlinden__Hohenlinden  (^a battle during the Napoleonic Wars (1800); the French defeated the Austrians^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Bavaria,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars;


#battle_of_Hastings__Hastings  (^the decisive battle in which William the Conqueror (duke of Normandy) defeated the Saxons under Harold II (1066) and thus left England open for the Norman Conquest^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #England,
   P  #Norman_Conquest;


#Hampton_Roads (^a naval battle of the American Civil War (1862); the indecisive battle between the Monitor and the Merrimac^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Hampton_Roads.channel;


#Guadalcanal  (^a mountainous island; the largest of the Solomon Islands in the independent state that is a member of the British Commonwealth^)
   ^  #island,
   L  #battle_of_Guadalcanal,
   P  #Solomons;


#battle_of_Guadalcanal__Guadalcanal  (^a battle in World War II in the Pacific (1942-1943); the island was occupied by the Japanese and later recaptured by American forces^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Guadalcanal,
   P  #World_War_II;


#Asia_Minor__Anatolia  (^a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey^)
   ^  #peninsula,
   p  #Phrygia  #Pontus  #Aeolis  #Lycia  #Lydia  #Troy  #Sakartvelo  #Turkey  #Ionia,
   L  #battle_of_Granicus_River  #battle_of_Ipsus  #battle_of_Issus,
   P  #Asia;


#battle_of_Granicus_River__Granicus  (^the battle in which Alexander won his first major victory against the Persians (334 BC)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Asia_Minor;


#Pennsylvania__Keystone_State__PA  (^a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Erie  #Gettysburg  #Harrisburg  #Chester  #Philadelphia  #Pittsburgh  #Allegheny_River  #Monongahela_River,
   L  #battle_of_Gettysburg,
   P  #Mid-Atlantic_states;


#battle_of_Gettysburg__Gettysburg  (^a battle of the American Civil War (1863); the defeat of Robert E. Lee's invading Confederate army was a major victory for the Union^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Pennsylvania,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#battle_of_Fredericksburg__Fredericksburg  (^an important battle in the American Civil War (1862); the Union's Army of the Potomac under A. E. Burnside was defeated by the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#Fort_Ticonderoga__Ticonderoga (^American revolutionary troops captured Fort Ticonderoga from the British in May 1775^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Revolution  #New_York.Colony;


#battle_of_Fontenoy__Fontenoy (^a battle in 1745 in which the French army under Marshal Saxe defeated the English army and their allies under the duke of Cumberland^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #War_of_the_Austrian_Succession  #Belgium;


#England  (^a division of the United Kingdom^)
   ^  #European_country,
   p  #Cotswolds  #Lancaster  #Lake_District  #London  #Manchester  #Hull  #Liverpool  #Birmingham  #Oxford.England  #Cambridge  #Blackpool  #Brighton  #Bristol  #Leicester  #Newcastle-upon-Tyne  #Pompey  #Coventry  #Gloucester.England  #Reading  #Worcester.England  #Avon  #Berkshire  #Cornwall  #Devonshire  #Gloucestershire  #Hampshire  #Kent  #Somerset  #East_Sussex  #West_Sussex  #Leicestershire  #Lincolnshire  #Northumberland  #East_Anglia  #Lancashire  #Yorkshire  #North_Yorkshire  #West_Yorkshire  #South_Yorkshire  #Northumbria  #West_Country  #Sussex  #Wessex  #Hadrian's_Wall  #River_Aire  #Upper_Avon  #Avon.river  #River_Severn  #River_Tyne,
   m  #English_person  #Englishman  #Englishwoman,
   =  #Albion  #Anglia  #Blighty,
   L  #battle_of_Flodden_Field  #battle_of_Hastings  #battle_of_Maldon  #battle_of_Tewkesbury  #English_Civil_War  #Restoration  #War_of_the_Roses,
   P  #Great_Britain  #Europe;


#battle_of_Flodden_Field__Flodden__Flodden_Field  (^a battle in 1513; the English defeated the invading Scots and James IV of Scotland was killed^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #England;


#Eniwetok (^World War II (February 1944); American infantry landed and captured a Japanese stronghold^)
   ^  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II;


#battle_of_El_Alamein__El_Alamein__Al_Alamayn (^in World War II (1942); a decisive Allied victory by British troops under Montgomery over German troops under Rommel^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Egypt;


#Drogheda (^in 1649 the place was captured by Oliver Cromwell, who massacred the Catholic inhabitants^)
   ^  #battle,
   P  #English_Civil_War  #Ireland;


#Dien_Bien_Phu (^the French military base fell after a 56-day siege by Vietnam troops; ended the involvement of France in Indochina in 1954^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #Vietnam;


#Dardanelles_campaign__Dardanelles (^the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia; defeated by the Turks^)
   ^  #military_campaign,
   P  #World_War_I  #Turkey;


#Thessalia__Thessaly  (^a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece^)
   ^  #geographical_area,
   L  #battle_of_Cynoscephalae,
   P  #Greece;


#battle_of_Cynoscephalae__Cynoscephalae  (^the battle that ended the second Macedonian War (197 BC); the Romans defeated King Philip of Macedon^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Thessalia;


#battle_of_Cunaxa__Cunaxa (^battle in 401 BC when the Persian King Artaxerxes II defeated his younger brother who tried to usurp the throne^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Babylonia;


#battle_of_Crecy__Crecy (^the first decisive battle of the Hundred Years' War; in 1346 the English under Edward III defeated the French under King Philip of Valois^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #Hundred_Years'_War;


#battle_of_Cowpens__Cowpens (^battle in the American Revolutionary War; Americans under Daniel Morgan defeated the British^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Revolution  #South_Carolina;


#battle_of_the_Coral_Sea__Coral_Sea (^a Japanese defeat in World War II (May 1942); the first naval battle fought entirely by planes based on aircraft carriers^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Coral_Sea;


#battle_of_Chickamauga__Chickamauga (^a Confederate victory in the American Civil War (1863); Confederate forces under Braxton Bragg defeated Union forces^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Alabama;


#battle_of_Chattanooga__Chattanooga (^in the American Civil War (1863) the Union armies of Hooker, Thomas, and Sherman under the command of Ulysses S. Grant won a decisive victory over the Confederate Army under Braxton Bragg^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Tennessee;


#Chapultepec (^a victory by American over Mexican forces in the Mexican War (1847)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Mexican_War  #Mexico;


#Chancellorsville  (^a major battle in the American Civil War (1863); the Confederates under Robert E. Lee defeated the Union forces under Joseph Hooker^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#Chalons-sur-Marne__Chalons (^the battle in which Attila the Hun was defeated by the Romans and Visigoths in 451^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Chaeronea (^a battle in which Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenians and Thebans (338 BC) and also Sulla defeated Mithridates (86 BC)^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Greece;


#Caudine_Forks (^a battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Apennines;


#battle_of_Caporetto__Caporetto (^battle of World War I (1917); Italians were defeated by the Austrian and German forces^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_I  #Italy;


#Cannae (^ancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Punic_Wars  #Italy;


#Boston__Hub_of_the_Universe__Beantown__capital_of_Massachusetts  (^state capital and largest city of Massachusetts^)
   ^  #state_capital,
   p  #Charlestown_Navy_Yard,
   L  #battle_of_Bunker_Hill,
   P  #Massachusetts,
   L  #Beacon_Hill;


#battle_of_Bunker_Hill__Bunker_Hill  (^the first important battle of the American War of Independence (1775); the British defeated the colonial forces^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Boston,
   P  #American_Revolution;


#Virginia__Old_Dominion__Old_Dominion_State__VA  (^a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War^)
   ^  #American_state,
   p  #Shenandoah_National_Park  #Richmond  #Blacksburg  #Jamestown  #Newport_News  #Norfolk  #Lynchburg  #Portsmouth.port  #Roanoke  #Mount_Vernon  #Chesapeake_Bay  #Elizabeth_River  #Hampton_Roads.channel  #James  #Shenandoah_Valley,
   L  #Bull_Run  #Chancellorsville  #battle_of_Fredericksburg  #Petersburg_Campaign  #battle_of_Spotsylvania_Courthouse  #Wilderness_Campaign  #Yorktown,
   P  #USA,
   M  #Confederate_States_of_America;


#Bull_Run  (^two battles during the American Civil War (1861 and 1862); Confederate forces defeated in Federal army in both battles^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Virginia,
   P  #American_Civil_War;


#Buena_Vista (^in 1847 US forces under Zachary Taylor defeated Mexican forces under Santa Anna in the Mexican War^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Mexican_War  #Mexico;


#battle_of_Brunanburh__Brunanburh (^battle in 937 when Athelstan defeated the Scots; recounted in the Ballad of the Battle of Brunanburh in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Scotland;


#battle_of_Boyne__Boyne (^a battle in the War of the Grand Alliance in Ireland in 1690; William III of England defeated the deposed James II and so ended Stuart Catholicism in England^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #War_of_the_Grand_Alliance  #Ireland;


#Bouvines (^in 1214 the French under King Philip Augustus defeated a coalition formed against him in one of the greatest battles of the middle ages^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Belgium;


#Bosworth_Field (^the battle that ended the Wars of the Roses (1485); Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor was crowned as Henry VII^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #War_of_the_Roses  #Leicestershire;


#Borodino (^Napoleon defeated the Russians in a pitched battle at Borodino in 1812, but irreparably weakened his army^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars  #Soviet_Russia;


#Blenheim (^the British Duke of Marlborough and the Austrian Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #War_of_the_Spanish_Succession  #Germany;


#battle_of_the_Bismarck_Sea__Bismarck_Sea (^World War II naval battle; Allied land-based bombers destroyed a Japanese convoy in the Bismarck Sea in March 1943^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Bismarck_Sea;


#battle_of_the_Marne__Belleau_Wood__Chateau-Thierry__Marne_River (^a World War I battle in northwestern France where the Allies defeated the Germans in 1918^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm),
   P  #World_War_I;


#battle_of_the_Ardennes_Bulge__Battle_of_the_Bulge__Ardennes_counteroffensive (^battle during World War II; in December 1945 von Rundstedt launched a powerful counteroffensive in the Ardennes Forest that caught the Allies by surprise^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #World_War_II  #Ardennes;


#UK__Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland__Great_Britain__United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland__United_Kingdom__Britain  (^a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland^)
   ^  #kingdom.country,
   p  #Great_Britain  #Northern_Ireland,
   L  #Battle_of_Britain,
   M  #European_Union  #NATO,
   P  #British_Isles;


#Battle_of_Britain  (^the prolonged bombardment of British cities by the German Luftwaffe during World War II and the aerial combat that accompanied it^)
   ^  #battle,
   l  #UK,
   P  #World_War_II;


#Bataan__Corregidor (^the peninsula and island in the Philippines where Japanese forces besieged American forces in World War II; United States forces surrendered in 1942 and recaptured the area in 1945^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #World_War_II  #Philippines;


#Bannockburn (^a battle in which the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English and assured the independence of Scotland^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   P  #Scotland;


#Austerlitz  (^a town in the Czech Republic; site of the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805^)
   ^  #town,
   L  #battle_of_Austerlitz,
   P  #Czech_Republic;


#battle_of_Austerlitz__Austerlitz (^('l' #Austerlitz added to replace 'P')$ a decisive battle during the Napoleonic campaigns (1805); the French under Napoleon defeated the Russian and Austrian armies of Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis II^)
   ^  #pitched_battle,
   l  #Austerlitz,
   P  #Napoleonic_Wars;


#battle_of_Atlanta__Atlanta (^Federal troops under Sherman cut off the railroads supplying Atlanta and burned the city; 1864^)
   ^  #siege,
   P  #American_Civil_War  #Atlanta;


#Agincourt (^a battle in northern France in which English longbowmen under Henry V decisively defeated a much larger French army in 1415^)
   ^  #pitched_battle  pm#battle_in_France (pm);


#Aegospotami__Aegospotamos (^a river in ancient Thrace (now Turkey); in the mouth of this river the Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian fleet in the final battle of the Peloponnesian War (404 BC)^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Peloponnesian_War;


#Aegates_Isles__Aegadean_Isles (^islands west of Sicily (now known as the Egadi Islands) where the Romans won a naval victory over the Carthaginians that ended the First Punic War in 241 BC^)
   ^  #naval_battle,
   P  #Punic_Wars;


#Actium.naval_battle  (^the naval battle in which Antony and Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian's fleet under Agrippa in 31 BC^)
   ^  #naval_battle;


#Alamo  (^the mission in San Antonio where in 1836 Mexican forces under Santa Anna besieged and massacred American rebels who were fighting to make Texas independent of Mexico^)
   ^  #deputation,
   L  #siege,
   P  #San_Antonio;


#intermission (^the act of suspending activity temporarily^)
   ^  #pause;


#lodging (^the act of lodging^)
   ^  #residency;


#orgy (^secret rite in the cults of ancient Greek or Roman deities involving singing and dancing and drinking and sexual activity^)
   ^  #religious_rite;


#Stanford-Binet_test (^revision of the Binet-Simon scale^)
   ^  #intelligence_test;


#Dunkerque__Dunkirk  (^a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire^)
   ^  #city,
   L  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #France;


#Kwajalein  (^World War II (January 1944); American forces landed and captured a Japanese air base^)
   ^  #atoll,
   L  #amphibious_assault,
   P  #World_War_II  #Kwajalein.atoll;


#Seventh_Crusade (^a Crusade initiated in 1248 after the loss of Jerusalem in 1244 and and defeated in 1249^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Sixth_Crusade (^a Crusade from 1228 to 1229 led by the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II who was therefore excommunicated by the Pope; by negotiation Frederick was able to crown himself king of Jerusalem^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Fifth_Crusade (^a Crusade under papal control from 1218 to 1221 that achieved military victories but failed when dissension arose over accepting the terms they had been offered^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Fourth_Crusade (^a Crusade from 1202 to 1204 that was diverted into a battle for Constantinople and failed to recapture Jerusalem^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Third_Crusade (^a Crusade from 1189 to 1192 led by Richard I of England and the king of France that failed because an army torn by dissensions and fighting on foreign soil could not succeed against forces united by religious zeal^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Second_Crusade (^a Crusade from 1145 to 1147 that failed because of internal disagreements among the crusaders and led to the loss of Jerusalem in 1187^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#First_Crusade (^a Crusade from 1096 to 1099; captured Jerusalem and created a theocracy there^)
   ^  #Crusade;


#Peasant's_Revolt__Great_Revolt (^(English history) a widespread rebellion in 1381 against poll taxes and other inequities that oppressed the poorer people of England; suppressed by Richard II^)
   ^  #insurrection;


#Piltdown_man__Piltdown_hoax  (^supposedly primitive man later proven to be a hoax^)
   ^  #primitive_person,
   O  #fraudulence;




//6211 categories printed


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