#therapy (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"
supertype: #medical_care__medicalcare__medical_aid__medicalaid professional treatment for illness or injury
subtype: #chemotherapy the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)
subtype: #chrysotherapy the use of chemicals containing gold for treating diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis)
subtype: #correction treatment of a specific defect; "the correction of his vision with eye glasses"
subtype: #spinal_fusion__fusion correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization
subtype: #electric_healing__galvanism__electricalhealing the therapeutic application of electricity to the body
subtype: #heliotherapy__insolation therapeutic exposure to sunlight
subtype: #hormone_replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__hormone-replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__HRT hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis
subtype: #infrared_therapy the use of infrared radiation (as by infrared lamps or heating pads or hot water bottles) to relieve pain and increase circulation to a particular area of the body
subtype: #inflation_therapy__inflationtherapy therapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled air
subtype: #medication the act of treating with medicines or remedies
subtype: #giving_medication__administration the act of administering medication
subtype: #drip_feed the administration of a solution (blood or saline or plasma etc.) one drop at a time
subtype: #drugging__sedation the administration of a sedative agent or drug
subtype: #irrigation (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution
subtype: #douche irrigation with a jet of water or medicated solution into or around a body part (especially the vagina) to treat infections or cleanse from odorous contents
subtype: #enema__clyster injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes
subtype: #barium_enema contrast medium is injected into the rectum and x-rays are taken to search for lesions
subtype: #lavage washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water
subtype: #gastric_lavage__gastriclavage washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution; removes blood or poisons; "when the doctor ordered a gastric lavage the hospital pumped out my stomach"
subtype: #megavitamin_therapy__megavitamintherapy therapy based on a theory that taking very large doses of vitamins will prevent or cure physical or psychological disorders
subtype: #surgical_operation__operation__surgery__surgical_procedure__surgical_process a therapeutic procedure with instruments to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery"
subtype: #cutting_out__cuttingout__ablation__extirpation__excision surgical removal of a body part or tissue
subtype: #adenoidectomy surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy
subtype: #adrenalectomy__suprarenalectomy surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
subtype: #appendectomy__appendicectomy surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
subtype: #cholecystectomy surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)
subtype: #laparoscopic_cholecystectomy__lap_choly__lapcholy removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments
subtype: #embolectomy surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)
subtype: #ennervation surgical removal of a nerve
subtype: #hypophysectomy surgical removal of the pituitary gland
subtype: #hysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus
subtype: #radical_hysterectomy__radicalhysterectomy__panhysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes
subtype: #total_hysterectomy__totalhysterectomy surgical removal of the uterus and cervix
subtype: #laminectomy surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
subtype: #laryngectomy surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)
subtype: #lithotomy surgical removal of a stone (calculus)
subtype: #cholelithotomy removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder
subtype: #lobectomy surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)
subtype: #lumpectomy surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer
subtype: #mastectomy surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
subtype: #modified_radical_mastectomy removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
subtype: #radical_mastectomy__radicalmastectomy removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
subtype: #simple_mastectomy removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact
subtype: #mastoidectomy surgical removal of the mastoid process
subtype: #meniscectomy surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee
subtype: #nephrectomy surgical removal of a kidney
subtype: #neurectomy surgical removal of all or part of a nerve
subtype: #oophorectomy__ovariectomy surgical removal of one of both ovaries
subtype: #oophorosalpingectomy surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes
subtype: #ophthalmectomy surgical removal of an eye
subtype: #orchidectomy__orchiectomy surgical removal of one or both testicles
subtype: #pancreatectomy surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas
subtype: #pneumonectomy surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)
subtype: #prostatectomy surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
subtype: #salpingectomy surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes
subtype: #sigmoidectomy surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)
subtype: #splenectomy surgical removal of the spleen
subtype: #stapedectomy surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear
subtype: #sympathectomy surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system
subtype: #thrombectomy surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel
subtype: #thyroidectomy surgical removal of the thyroid gland
subtype: #tonsillectomy surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy
subtype: #vasectomy surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
subtype: #vulvectomy surgical removal of part or all of the vulva
subtype: #amputation a surgical removal of all or part of a limb
subtype: #angioplasty an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery
subtype: #arthroplasty surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint
subtype: #arthroscopy a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision
subtype: #autoplasty surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body
subtype: #brain_surgery__brainsurgery any surgical procedure involving the brain
subtype: #psychosurgery brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems
subtype: #amygdalotomy psychosurgery in which amygdaloid fibers that mediate limbic system activity are severed (in cases of extreme uncontrollable violence)
subtype: #callosotomy severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)
subtype: #prefrontal_lobotomy__lobotomy__leukotomy__leucotomy__prefrontalleukotomy__prefrontal_leucotomy surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes
subtype: #transorbital_lobotomy a method of performing prefrontal lobotomy in which the surgical knife is inserted above the eyeball and moved to cut brain fibers
subtype: #split-brain_technique__splitbraintechnique brain surgery on animals in which the corpus callosum (and sometimes the optic chiasm) is severed so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted
subtype: #castration surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men); "bilateral castration results in sterilization"
subtype: #cauterization__cautery__cauterisation the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing
subtype: #cryocautery application of a substance that destroys tissue by freezing it
subtype: #thermocautery cautery (destruction of tissue) by heat
subtype: #electrocautery application of a needle heated by an electric current to destroy tissue (as to remove warts)
subtype: #chemosurgery use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer
subtype: #craniotomy a surgical opening through the skull
subtype: #cryosurgery the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers)
subtype: #curettage__curettement surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette
subtype: #suction_curettage__suctioncurettage__vacuum_aspiration a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix
subtype: #debridement surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
subtype: #decortication surgical removal of the cortex of an organ or part
subtype: #dilation_and_curettage__dilatation_and_curettage__D_and_C a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion
subtype: #electrosurgery surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery)
subtype: #enterostomy surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine
subtype: #enucleation surgical removal of something without cutting into it; "the enucleation of the tumor"
subtype: #evisceration surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient
subtype: #exenteration surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis)
subtype: #fenestration surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis
subtype: #gastrectomy surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
subtype: #gastroenterostomy surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated
subtype: #gastrostomy surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage)
subtype: #heart_surgery__heartsurgery any surgical procedure involving the heart
subtype: #closed-heart_surgery heart surgery in which a small incision is made (the chest cavity is not opened)
subtype: #port-access_coronary_bypass_surgery heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed by the use of small instruments and tiny cameras threaded through small incisions while the heart is stopped and blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine
subtype: #minimally_invasive_coronary_bypass_surgery heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions
subtype: #open-heart_surgery heart surgery in which the rib cage is spread open and surgery to fix a heart valve or repair a coronary artery is performed while the heart is stopped and blood is detoured through a heart-lung machine
subtype: #coronary_bypass_surgery__coronary_bypass__coronary_artery_bypass_graft__CABG open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart
subtype: #hemorrhoidectomy__haemorrhoidectomy surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them
subtype: #hysterotomy surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section)
subtype: #iridectomy surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye
subtype: #iridotomy a surgical procedure that makes an incision in the iris of the eye in order to enlarge the pupil or to treat glaucoma
subtype: #intestinal_bypass surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity
subtype: #jejunostomy surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding
subtype: #major_surgery__majorsurgery any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance
subtype: #microsurgery surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures
subtype: #robotic_telesurgery__robotictelesurgery microsurgery in which the surgeon performs surgery by manipulating the hands of a robot
subtype: #minor_surgery__minorsurgery any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance
subtype: #myotomy surgical incision or division of a muscle
subtype: #myringectomy surgical removal of the eardrum
subtype: #myringoplasty surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft
subtype: #myringotomy surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)
subtype: #neurosurgery any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves)
subtype: #nose_job__rhinoplasty cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose
subtype: #orchiopexy operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum
subtype: #osteotomy surgical sectioning of bone
subtype: #ostomy surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes
subtype: #colostomy a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus
subtype: #ileostomy surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus; performed in cases of cancer of the colon or ulcerative colitis
subtype: #phalloplasty reconstructive surgery on the penis to repair congenital abnormality or injury
subtype: #phlebectomy surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins
subtype: #photocoagulation surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina
subtype: #plastic_surgery__plasticsurgery__cosmetic_surgery__anaplasty surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue
subtype: #rhytidectomy__face_lift__face_lifting__rhytidoplasty plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised
subtype: #keratoplasty__corneal_gaft__cornealgaft a surgical procedure in which part or all of the cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor
subtype: #epikeratophakia using a piece of donated corneal tissue to repair the eye of someone who has had a cataract removed; "epikeratophakia gave her a living contact lens"
subtype: #polypectomy surgical removal of a polyp
subtype: #resection surgical removal of part of a structure or organ
subtype: #transurethral_resection_of_the_prostate__TURP removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)
subtype: #rhinotomy surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus
subtype: #rhizotomy surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms
subtype: #Shirodkar's_operation__purse-string_operation a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies
subtype: #sterilisation__sterilization the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)
subtype: #neutering__fixing__altering the sterilization of an animal; "they took him to the vet for neutering"
subtype: #castration.neutering__emasculation neutering a male animal by removing the testicles
subtype: #spaying neutering a female by removing the ovaries
subtype: #surgical_contraception contraception by surgical sterilization
subtype: #tubal_ligation__tuballigation a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations
subtype: #vasectomy surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
subtype: #strabotomy the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus
subtype: #taxis__taxi the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part
subtype: #tracheostomy__tracheotomy a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes
subtype: #organ_transplant__organtransplant__transplant__transplantation an operation moving an organ from one person (the donor) to another (the recipient)
subtype: #corneal_transplant__cornealtransplant__corneal_graft__cornealgraft the act of replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with another cornea taken from a donor (usually a donor who has recently died)
subtype: #trephination a operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull
subtype: #tympanoplasty surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear
subtype: #uranoplasty surgical correction of a defect of the palate
subtype: #vasovasostomy a surgical procedure that attempts to restore the function of the vas deferens after a vasectomy
subtype: #vivisection the act of operating on living animals (especially in scientific research)
subtype: #physical_therapy__physiotherapy__physiatrics__physiatric therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities
subtype: #occupational_therapy physical therapy involving the therapeutic use of crafts and hobbies for the rehabilitation of handicapped or convalescing patients (especially for emotionally disturbed patients)
subtype: #phytotherapy__herbal_therapy__botanical_medicine__botanicalmedicine the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet)
subtype: #psychotherapy the treatment of mental or emotional problems by psychological means
subtype: #behavior_therapy__behavior_modification psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior
subtype: #assertiveness_training__assertivenesstraining a method of psychotherapy that reinforces you for stating negative and positive feelings directly
subtype: #aversion_therapy any technique of behavior modification that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to alter behavior in a therapeutic way; primarily used for alcoholism or drug abuse (but with little success)
subtype: #desensitization_technique__desensitizationtechnique__desensitization_procedure__desensitizationprocedure__systematic_desinsitization a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety; client is exposed to the threatening situation under relaxed conditions until the anxiety reaction is extinguished
subtype: #implosion_therapy__implosiontherapy__flooding a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them
subtype: #reciprocal_inhibition__reciprocal-inhibition_therapy a method of behavior therapy based on the inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response that is mutually incompatible with it; a relaxation response might be conditioned to a stimulus that previously evoked anxiety
subtype: #token_economy__tokeneconomy a form of behavior therapy that has been used in some mental institutions; patients are rewarded with tokens for appropriate behavior and the tokens may be cashed in for valued rewards
subtype: #client-centered_therapy a method of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session
subtype: #crisis_intervention psychotherapy that focuses on acute critical situations (depressive episodes or attempted suicides or drug overdoses) with the aim of restoring the person to the level of functioning before the crisis
subtype: #group_therapy__grouptherapy psychotherapy in which a small group of individuals meet with a therapist; interactions among the members are considered to be therapeutic
subtype: #family_therapy any of several therapeutic approaches in which a family is treated as a whole
subtype: #hypnotherapy the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy
subtype: #play_therapy form of psychotherapy for children that uses play situations for diagnosis or treatment
subtype: #psychoanalysis__analysis__depth_psychology__depthpsychology a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; "his physician recommended psychoanalysis"
subtype: #hypnoanalysis__hypnoanalysi the use of hypnosis in conjunction with psychoanalysis
subtype: #self-analysis the application of psychotherapeutic principles to the analysis of your own personality
subtype: #radiotherapy__radiation_therapy__radiationtherapy__actinotherapy__irradiation the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance
subtype: #phototherapy the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn
subtype: #radium_therapy__Curietherapy the use of radium in radiation therapy
subtype: #X-ray_therapy the therapeutic use of X rays
subtype: #shock_therapy__shocktherapy__shock_treatment__shocktreatment treatment of certain psychotic states by the administration of shocks that are followed by convulsions
subtype: #electroconvulsive_therapy__electroconvulsivetherapy__electroshock__electroshock_therapy__ECT the administration of a strong electric current that passes through the brain to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #insulin_shock_treatment__insulinshocktreatment__insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_shock_therapy__insulinshocktherapy the administration of sufficient insulin to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #metrazol_shock_treatment__metrazol_shock__metrazol_shock_therapy the administration of sufficient Metrazol to induce convulsions and coma
subtype: #speech_therapy any therapy intended to correct a disorder of speech
subtype: #thermotherapy the use of heat to treat a disease or disorder; heating pads or hot compresses or hot-water bottles are used to promote circulation in peripheral vascular disease or to relax tense muscles
subtype: #thrombolytic_therapy therapy consisting of the administration of a pharmacological agent to cause thrombolysis of an abnormal blood clot
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