#swayer__ruler a person who rules or commands; "swayer of the universe"
supertype: person__individual__someone__somebody__mortal__human__human_being__humanbeing__soul a human being; "there was too much for one person to do"
instance: Tamerlane
subtype: Inca.swayer__inca a ruler of the Inca Empire (or a member of his family)
subtype: basileus a ruler of the eastern Roman Empire
subtype: Bourbon.swayer__bourbon a member of the European royal family that ruled France
subtype: caliph__calif__kaliph__kalif__khalif the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state; a successor of Muhammad
subtype: dictator__potentate someone who rules unconstrained by law
subtype: shogun a hereditary military dictator of Japan; the shoguns ruled Japan until the revolution of 1867-68
subtype: tyrant__autocrat__despot a dictator or dictatorial person
subtype: czar a person having great power
instance: Dionysius_the_Elder__Dionysius
instance: Francois_Duvalier__Duvalier__Papa_Doc Jean-Claude_Duvalier__Duvalier__Baby_Doc Francisco_Franco__Franco__El_Caudillo Adolf_Hitler__Hitler__Der_Fuhrer Saddam_bin_Hussein_at-Takriti__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__Saddam_Hussein Benito_Mussolini__Mussolini__Il_Duce Tojo_Hideki__Tojo__Tojo_Eiki
subtype: emir__amir__emeer__ameer an independent ruler or chieftain (especially in Africa or Arabia)
subtype: Mogul__Moghul a member of the Moslem dynasty that ruled India until 1857
subtype: oligarch one of the rulers in an oligarchy
subtype: overlord__master__lord a person who has general authority over others
subtype: feudal_lord__seigneur__seignior a man of rank in the ancien regime
subtype: Pharaoh the title of the ancient Egyptian kings
instance: Tutankhamen
subtype: regent someone who rules during the absence or incapacity or minority of the country's monarch
instance: Catherine_de_Medicis
subtype: dynast a hereditary ruler
subtype: sheik__Arab_chief the leader of an Arab village or family
subtype: sovereign__crowned_head__crownedhead__monarch a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
subtype: tsar__czar__tzar a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)
instance: Boris_Fyodorovich_Godunov__Godunov__godunov__Boris_Godunov Ivan_IV__Ivan_Iv_Vasilievich__Ivan_the_Terrible Nicholas_I Nicholas_II Peter_I__Peter_the_Great
subtype: Emperor the male ruler of an empire
subtype: Empress a woman Emperor or the wife of an Emperor
instance: Catherine_I Catherine_II__Catherine__Catherine_the_Great
subtype: Holy_Roman_Emperor sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire
instance: Charlemagne__Charles_I__Charles_the_Great Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald Ferdinand_I Ferdinand_II Ferdinand_III Emperor_Francis_II__Francis_II Frederick_Barbarossa__Frederick_I__Barbarossa Frederick_II Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great
subtype: Kaiser the Holy Roman Emperors or the Emperors of Austria or Germany until 1918
instance: Wilhelm_II__Kaiser_Wilhelm
subtype: mikado__tenno (archaic) the emperor of Japan; when regarded as a religious leader the emperor is called tenno
subtype: Roman_Emperor__Emperor_of_Rome sovereign of the Roman Empire
instance: Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus__Antoninus__Aurelius__Marcus_Aurelius__Marcus_Annius_Verus Antonius_Pius Augustus__Gaius_Octavianus__Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus__Octavian Caligula__Gaius__Gaius_Caesar Tiberius_Claudius_Drusus_Nero_Germanicus__Claudius__Claudius_I Constantine_the_Great__Constantine__Constantine_I Decius Domitian__Titus_Flavius_Domitianus Hadrian__Publius_Aelius_Hadrianus__Adrian Nero_Claudius_Caesar_Drusus_Germanicus__Nero__Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus Marcus_Cocceius_Nerva__Nerva Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_Caesar_Augustus__Tiberius Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus__Titus Trajan__Marcus_Ulpius_Traianus Vespasian__Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus
instance: Francis_Joseph_I__Francis_Joseph__Franz_Joseph__Franz_Josef_I Genghis_Khan__Jinghis_Khan__Jenghiz_Khan Haile_Selassie__Ras_Tafari_Makonnen__Ras_Tafari Michinomiya_Hirohito__Hirohito Justinian_the_Great__Justinian__Justinian_I Kublai_Khan__Kubla_Khan__Kublai_Kaan Meiji_Tenno__Mutsuhito Montezuma_II Napoleon_Bonaparte__Napoleon__Napoleon_I__Bonaparte__the_Little_Corporal Napoleon_III__Charles_Louis_Napoleon_Bonaparte Shah_Jahan
subtype: male_monarch__king a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom
subtype: Messiah the awaited King of the Jews; the promised and expected deliverer of the Jewish people
subtype: King_of_England the sovereign ruler of England
instance: Canute_the_Great__Canute__Cnut__Knut Charles_Stuart__Charles_I Charles_II Edgar Edward_I Edward_II Edward_III Edward_IV Edward_V Edward_VI Edward_VII__Albert_Edward Edward_VIII__Duke_of_Windsor Saint_Edward_the_Confessor__Edward_the_Confessor__St_Edward_the_Confessor Saint_Edward_the_Martyr__Edward_the_Martyr__St_Edward_the_Martyr Edwy__Eadwig George_I George_II George_III George_IV George_V George_VI King_Harold_I__Harold_I__Harold_Harefoot__Harefoot King_Harold_II__Harold_II Henry_I__Henry_Beauclerc Henry_II Henry_III Henry_IV__Bolingbroke__Henry_Bolingbroke Henry_V Henry_VI Henry_VII__Henry_Tudor Henry_VIII James_I James_II John_Lackland__John Richard_I__Richard_Coeur_de_Lion__Richard_the_Lion-Heart__Richard_the_Lion-Hearted Richard_II Richard_III William_I__William_the_Conqueror William_II__William_Rufus William_III__William_of_Orange William_IV__The_Sailor_King
subtype: King_of_France the sovereign ruler of France
instance: Hugh_Capet__Capet Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald Charles_VII Charles_IX Henry_II.King_of_France__henryii Louis_I__Louis_the_Pious Louis_II__Louis_le_Begue__Louis_the_Stammerer Louis_III Louis_IV__Louis_d'Outremer Louis_V__Louis_le_Faineant Louis_VI__Louis_the_Far__Louis_the_Wideawake__Louis_the_Bruiser Louis_VII Louis_VIII Louis_IX__Saint_Louis__St_Louis Louis_X__Louis_le_Hutin__Louis_the_Quarreller Louis_XI Louis_XII Louis_XIII Louis_XIV__Sun_King__Louis_the_Great Louis_XV Louis_XVI
subtype: Rameses__Ramesses__Ramses any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC
instance: Rameses_II__Ramesses_II__Ramses_II__Rameses_the_Great__Ramesses_the_Great__Ramses_the_Great
instance: Ahab Akhenaton__Akhenaten__Ikhanaton__Amenhotep_IV Alaric Alfred_the_Great__Alfred__AElfred Artaxerxes_I Artaxerxes_II Ashurbanipal__Assurbanipal__Asurbanipal Athelstan Attila__Scourge_of_God__Scourge_of_the_Gods Robert_the_Bruce__Bruce__Robert_I Carl_XVI_Gustav__carlxvigustav Clovis_I__Clovis Croesus.male_monarch__croesu Cyrus_II__Cyrus_the_Elder__Cyrus_the_Great Darius_I__Darius_the_Great Darius_III David Edmund_I Edmund_II__Edmund_Ironside Edward_the_Elder Edwin Egbert Ethelbert Ethelred_I__Ethelred Ethelred_the_Unready__Ethelred__Ethelred_II Fahd_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Fahd Faisal_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Faisal Farouk_I__Faruk_I Ferdinand_the_Great__Ferdinand_I Ferdinand_V__Ferdinand_the_Catholic Frederick_I Frederick_the_Great__Frederick_II Frederick_William_I Frederick_William_II Frederick_William_III Frederick_William_Iv Genseric__Gaiseric Gilgamesh Gordius Gustavus_I__Gustavus Gustavus_Adolphus__Gustavus__Gustavus_II Gustavus_V Hammurabi__Hammurapi Herod_the_Great__Herod Hezekiah__Ezekias ibn_Talal_Hussein__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__King_Hussein Jeroboam_I__Jeroboam Juan_Carlos_Victor_Maria_de_Borbon_y_Borbon__Juan_Carlos Kamehameha_I__Kamehameha_the_Great Leonidas Macbeth Mithridates_the_Great__Mithridates__Mithridates_VI Nebuchadnezzar_II__Nebuchadnezzar__Nebuchadrezzar__Nebuchadrezzar_II Olaf_II__Olav_II__Saint_Olaf__Saint_Olav__St_Olaf__St_Olav Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great Philip_II Philip_II.male_monarch__philipii Pyrrhus Saul Sennacherib Solomon Tarquin_the_Proud__Tarquin__Tarquinius__Tarquinius_Superbus__Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus Victor_Emanuel_II Victor_Emanuel_III Xerxes_I__Xerxes_the_Great
subtype: shah title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran
instance: Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi__Pahlavi__Pahlevi__Mohammed_Reza_Pahlevi
subtype: Hanoverian any of the British sovereigns belonging to the House of Hanover
instance: George_I George_II George_III George_IV Queen_Victoria__Victoria
subtype: sultan__Grand_Turk the ruler of a Muslim country (especially of the former Ottoman Empire)
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